diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index 1ce96ee..9c8b359 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+// Include build rules from Sources.bp
+build = ["Sources.bp"]
+
 java_defaults {
     name: "enable-framework-connectivity-t-targets",
     enabled: true,
diff --git a/framework-t/Sources.bp b/framework-t/Sources.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53b4163
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/Sources.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// NetworkStats related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-netstats-internal-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/app/usage/*.java",
+        "src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.*",
+        "src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/INetworkStatsSession.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.*",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkStats.*",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.*",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.*",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.*",
+        "src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.*",
+        "src/android/net/TrafficStats.java",
+        "src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.*",
+        "src/android/net/netstats/**/*.*",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-netstats-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-netstats-internal-sources",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Nsd related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-nsd-internal-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/net/nsd/*.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/nsd/*.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-nsd-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-nsd-internal-sources",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// IpSec related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-ipsec-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/IpSec*.*",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Ethernet related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-ethernet-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/net/EthernetManager.java",
+        "src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.java",
+        "src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/EthernetNetworkSpecifier.java",
+        "src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.java",
+        "src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/IEthernetServiceListener.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver.aidl",
+        "src/android/net/ITetheredInterfaceCallback.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Connectivity-T common libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-tiramisu-internal-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// TODO: remove this empty filegroup.
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-tiramisu-sources",
+    srcs: [],
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base"],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "framework-connectivity-tiramisu-updatable-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        ":framework-connectivity-ethernet-sources",
+        ":framework-connectivity-ipsec-sources",
+        ":framework-connectivity-netstats-sources",
+        ":framework-connectivity-nsd-sources",
+        ":framework-connectivity-tiramisu-internal-sources",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        "//frameworks/base",
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libframework-connectivity-tiramisu-jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        // Don't warn about S API usage even with
+        // min_sdk 30: the library is only loaded
+        // on S+ devices
+        "-Wno-unguarded-availability",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/android_net_TrafficStats.cpp",
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libandroid",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    stl: "none",
+    apex_available: [
+        "com.android.tethering",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
index ddfd30c..9fe55ce 100644
--- a/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework-t/api/system-current.txt
@@ -123,7 +123,6 @@
   public static class FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequest {
     method @NonNull public android.accounts.Account getAccount();
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata getAccountKeyDeviceMetadata();
-    method @Nullable public String getBleAddress();
     method public int getRequestType();
   }
 
@@ -138,32 +137,22 @@
   }
 
   public class FastPairDeviceMetadata {
-    method @Nullable public String getAssistantSetupHalfSheet();
-    method @Nullable public String getAssistantSetupNotification();
     method public int getBleTxPower();
-    method @Nullable public String getConfirmPinDescription();
-    method @Nullable public String getConfirmPinTitle();
     method @Nullable public String getConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled();
     method @Nullable public String getConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled();
     method public int getDeviceType();
     method @Nullable public String getDownloadCompanionAppDescription();
     method @Nullable public String getFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription();
-    method @Nullable public String getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription();
     method @Nullable public byte[] getImage();
     method @Nullable public String getImageUrl();
     method @Nullable public String getInitialNotificationDescription();
     method @Nullable public String getInitialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount();
     method @Nullable public String getInitialPairingDescription();
     method @Nullable public String getIntentUri();
-    method @Nullable public String getLocale();
     method @Nullable public String getName();
     method @Nullable public String getOpenCompanionAppDescription();
     method @Nullable public String getRetroactivePairingDescription();
     method @Nullable public String getSubsequentPairingDescription();
-    method @Nullable public String getSyncContactsDescription();
-    method @Nullable public String getSyncContactsTitle();
-    method @Nullable public String getSyncSmsDescription();
-    method @Nullable public String getSyncSmsTitle();
     method public float getTriggerDistance();
     method @Nullable public String getTrueWirelessImageUrlCase();
     method @Nullable public String getTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud();
@@ -177,32 +166,22 @@
   public static final class FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder {
     ctor public FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder();
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata build();
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setAssistantSetupNotification(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setBleTxPower(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConfirmPinDescription(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConfirmPinTitle(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setDeviceType(int);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setDownloadCompanionAppDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setImage(@Nullable byte[]);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setImageUrl(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setInitialNotificationDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setInitialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setInitialPairingDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setIntentUri(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setLocale(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setName(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setOpenCompanionAppDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setRetroactivePairingDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSubsequentPairingDescription(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncContactsDescription(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncContactsTitle(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncSmsDescription(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setSyncSmsTitle(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTriggerDistance(float);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTrueWirelessImageUrlCase(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder setTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud(@Nullable String);
@@ -217,24 +196,15 @@
     method @Nullable public String getActionUrl();
     method public int getActionUrlType();
     method @Nullable public String getAppName();
-    method public int getAttachmentType();
     method @Nullable public byte[] getAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1();
-    method @Nullable public byte[] getBleRecordBytes();
-    method public int getDebugCategory();
-    method @Nullable public String getDebugMessage();
     method @Nullable public String getDescription();
     method @Nullable public String getDeviceName();
     method @Nullable public String getDisplayUrl();
-    method @Nullable public String getEntityId();
-    method @Nullable public String getFeatureGraphicUrl();
     method public long getFirstObservationTimestampMillis();
-    method @Nullable public String getGroupId();
     method @Nullable public String getIconFfeUrl();
     method @Nullable public byte[] getIconPng();
     method @Nullable public String getId();
     method public long getLastObservationTimestampMillis();
-    method public int getLastUserExperience();
-    method public long getLostMillis();
     method @Nullable public String getMacAddress();
     method @Nullable public String getPackageName();
     method public long getPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis();
@@ -243,7 +213,6 @@
     method @Nullable public String getTitle();
     method @Nullable public String getTriggerId();
     method public int getTxPower();
-    method public int getType();
   }
 
   public static final class FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder {
@@ -252,24 +221,15 @@
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setActionUrl(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setActionUrlType(int);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setAppName(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setAttachmentType(int);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1(@Nullable byte[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setBleRecordBytes(@Nullable byte[]);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDebugCategory(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDebugMessage(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDescription(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDeviceName(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setDisplayUrl(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setEntityId(@Nullable String);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setFeatureGraphicUrl(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setGroupId(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setIconFfeUrl(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setIconPng(@Nullable byte[]);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setId(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setLastObservationTimestampMillis(long);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setLastUserExperience(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setLostMillis(long);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setMacAddress(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setPackageName(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis(long);
@@ -278,7 +238,6 @@
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setTitle(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setTriggerId(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setTxPower(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem.Builder setType(int);
   }
 
   public class FastPairEligibleAccount {
@@ -302,7 +261,7 @@
 
   public class NearbyManager {
     method public static boolean getFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull android.content.Context);
-    method public static void setFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS) public static void setFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull android.content.Context, boolean);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void startBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_SCAN, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public int startScan(@NonNull android.nearby.ScanRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.nearby.ScanCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(allOf={android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE, android.Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_PRIVILEGED}) public void stopBroadcast(@NonNull android.nearby.BroadcastCallback);
@@ -445,10 +404,8 @@
     field public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int SCAN_MODE_NO_POWER = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 2; // 0x2
   }
 
   public static final class ScanRequest.Builder {
diff --git a/framework-t/jni/android_net_TrafficStats.cpp b/framework-t/jni/android_net_TrafficStats.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3c58b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/jni/android_net_TrafficStats.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/file_descriptor_jni.h>
+#include <android/multinetwork.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+static jint tagSocketFd(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jobject fileDescriptor, jint tag, jint uid) {
+  int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, fileDescriptor);
+  if (fd == -1) return -EBADF;
+  return android_tag_socket_with_uid(fd, tag, uid);
+}
+
+static jint untagSocketFd(JNIEnv* env, jclass, jobject fileDescriptor) {
+  int fd = AFileDescriptor_getFd(env, fileDescriptor);
+  if (fd == -1) return -EBADF;
+  return android_untag_socket(fd);
+}
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+    /* name, signature, funcPtr */
+    { "native_tagSocketFd", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;II)I", (void*) tagSocketFd },
+    { "native_untagSocketFd", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)I", (void*) untagSocketFd },
+};
+
+int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "android/net/TrafficStats", gMethods, NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+};  // namespace android
+
diff --git a/framework-t/jni/onload.cpp b/framework-t/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fb42c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "FrameworkConnectivityJNI"
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_android_net_TrafficStats(JNIEnv* env);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, "ERROR: GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_android_net_TrafficStats(env) < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};  // namespace android
+
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStats.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74fe4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStats.java
@@ -0,0 +1,744 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
+ * of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.app.usage;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+
+import dalvik.system.CloseGuard;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Class providing enumeration over buckets of network usage statistics. {@link NetworkStats} objects
+ * are returned as results to various queries in {@link NetworkStatsManager}.
+ */
+public final class NetworkStats implements AutoCloseable {
+    private final static String TAG = "NetworkStats";
+
+    private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
+
+    /**
+     * Start timestamp of stats collected
+     */
+    private final long mStartTimeStamp;
+
+    /**
+     * End timestamp of stats collected
+     */
+    private final long mEndTimeStamp;
+
+    /**
+     * Non-null array indicates the query enumerates over uids.
+     */
+    private int[] mUids;
+
+    /**
+     * Index of the current uid in mUids when doing uid enumeration or a single uid value,
+     * depending on query type.
+     */
+    private int mUidOrUidIndex;
+
+    /**
+     * Tag id in case if was specified in the query.
+     */
+    private int mTag = android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+
+    /**
+     * State in case it was not specified in the query.
+     */
+    private int mState = Bucket.STATE_ALL;
+
+    /**
+     * The session while the query requires it, null if all the stats have been collected or close()
+     * has been called.
+     */
+    private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
+    private NetworkTemplate mTemplate;
+
+    /**
+     * Results of a summary query.
+     */
+    private android.net.NetworkStats mSummary = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Results of detail queries.
+     */
+    private NetworkStatsHistory mHistory = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Where we are in enumerating over the current result.
+     */
+    private int mEnumerationIndex = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Recycling entry objects to prevent heap fragmentation.
+     */
+    private android.net.NetworkStats.Entry mRecycledSummaryEntry = null;
+    private NetworkStatsHistory.Entry mRecycledHistoryEntry = null;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    NetworkStats(Context context, NetworkTemplate template, int flags, long startTimestamp,
+            long endTimestamp, INetworkStatsService statsService)
+            throws RemoteException, SecurityException {
+        // Open network stats session
+        mSession = statsService.openSessionForUsageStats(flags, context.getOpPackageName());
+        mCloseGuard.open("close");
+        mTemplate = template;
+        mStartTimeStamp = startTimestamp;
+        mEndTimeStamp = endTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        try {
+            if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+                mCloseGuard.warnIfOpen();
+            }
+            close();
+        } finally {
+            super.finalize();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------BEGINNING OF PUBLIC API-----------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Buckets are the smallest elements of a query result. As some dimensions of a result may be
+     * aggregated (e.g. time or state) some values may be equal across all buckets.
+     */
+    public static class Bucket {
+        /** @hide */
+        @IntDef(prefix = { "STATE_" }, value = {
+                STATE_ALL,
+                STATE_DEFAULT,
+                STATE_FOREGROUND
+        })
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface State {}
+
+        /**
+         * Combined usage across all states.
+         */
+        public static final int STATE_ALL = -1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage not accounted for in any other state.
+         */
+        public static final int STATE_DEFAULT = 0x1;
+
+        /**
+         * Foreground usage.
+         */
+        public static final int STATE_FOREGROUND = 0x2;
+
+        /**
+         * Special UID value for aggregate/unspecified.
+         */
+        public static final int UID_ALL = android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+
+        /**
+         * Special UID value for removed apps.
+         */
+        public static final int UID_REMOVED = TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED;
+
+        /**
+         * Special UID value for data usage by tethering.
+         */
+        public static final int UID_TETHERING = TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @IntDef(prefix = { "METERED_" }, value = {
+                METERED_ALL,
+                METERED_NO,
+                METERED_YES
+        })
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface Metered {}
+
+        /**
+         * Combined usage across all metered states. Covers metered and unmetered usage.
+         */
+        public static final int METERED_ALL = -1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage that occurs on an unmetered network.
+         */
+        public static final int METERED_NO = 0x1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage that occurs on a metered network.
+         *
+         * <p>A network is classified as metered when the user is sensitive to heavy data usage on
+         * that connection.
+         */
+        public static final int METERED_YES = 0x2;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @IntDef(prefix = { "ROAMING_" }, value = {
+                ROAMING_ALL,
+                ROAMING_NO,
+                ROAMING_YES
+        })
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface Roaming {}
+
+        /**
+         * Combined usage across all roaming states. Covers both roaming and non-roaming usage.
+         */
+        public static final int ROAMING_ALL = -1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage that occurs on a home, non-roaming network.
+         *
+         * <p>Any cellular usage in this bucket was incurred while the device was connected to a
+         * tower owned or operated by the user's wireless carrier, or a tower that the user's
+         * wireless carrier has indicated should be treated as a home network regardless.
+         *
+         * <p>This is also the default value for network types that do not support roaming.
+         */
+        public static final int ROAMING_NO = 0x1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage that occurs on a roaming network.
+         *
+         * <p>Any cellular usage in this bucket as incurred while the device was roaming on another
+         * carrier's network, for which additional charges may apply.
+         */
+        public static final int ROAMING_YES = 0x2;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @IntDef(prefix = { "DEFAULT_NETWORK_" }, value = {
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES
+        })
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+        public @interface DefaultNetworkStatus {}
+
+        /**
+         * Combined usage for this network regardless of default network status.
+         */
+        public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL = -1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage that occurs while this network is not a default network.
+         *
+         * <p>This implies that the app responsible for this usage requested that it occur on a
+         * specific network different from the one(s) the system would have selected for it.
+         */
+        public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO = 0x1;
+
+        /**
+         * Usage that occurs while this network is a default network.
+         *
+         * <p>This implies that the app either did not select a specific network for this usage,
+         * or it selected a network that the system could have selected for app traffic.
+         */
+        public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES = 0x2;
+
+        /**
+         * Special TAG value for total data across all tags
+         */
+        public static final int TAG_NONE = android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+
+        private int mUid;
+        private int mTag;
+        private int mState;
+        private int mDefaultNetworkStatus;
+        private int mMetered;
+        private int mRoaming;
+        private long mBeginTimeStamp;
+        private long mEndTimeStamp;
+        private long mRxBytes;
+        private long mRxPackets;
+        private long mTxBytes;
+        private long mTxPackets;
+
+        private static int convertSet(@State int state) {
+            switch (state) {
+                case STATE_ALL: return android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+                case STATE_DEFAULT: return android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+                case STATE_FOREGROUND: return android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        private static @State int convertState(int networkStatsSet) {
+            switch (networkStatsSet) {
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL : return STATE_ALL;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT : return STATE_DEFAULT;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND : return STATE_FOREGROUND;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        private static int convertUid(int uid) {
+            switch (uid) {
+                case TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED: return UID_REMOVED;
+                case TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING: return UID_TETHERING;
+            }
+            return uid;
+        }
+
+        private static int convertTag(int tag) {
+            switch (tag) {
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE: return TAG_NONE;
+            }
+            return tag;
+        }
+
+        private static @Metered int convertMetered(int metered) {
+            switch (metered) {
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL : return METERED_ALL;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO: return METERED_NO;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES: return METERED_YES;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        private static @Roaming int convertRoaming(int roaming) {
+            switch (roaming) {
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL : return ROAMING_ALL;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO: return ROAMING_NO;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES: return ROAMING_YES;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        private static @DefaultNetworkStatus int convertDefaultNetworkStatus(
+                int defaultNetworkStatus) {
+            switch (defaultNetworkStatus) {
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL : return DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO: return DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+                case android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES: return DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        public Bucket() {
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Key of the bucket. Usually an app uid or one of the following special values:<p />
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>{@link #UID_REMOVED}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #UID_TETHERING}</li>
+         * <li>{@link android.os.Process#SYSTEM_UID}</li>
+         * </ul>
+         * @return Bucket key.
+         */
+        public int getUid() {
+            return mUid;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Tag of the bucket.<p />
+         * @return Bucket tag.
+         */
+        public int getTag() {
+            return mTag;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Usage state. One of the following values:<p/>
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>{@link #STATE_ALL}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #STATE_DEFAULT}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #STATE_FOREGROUND}</li>
+         * </ul>
+         * @return Usage state.
+         */
+        public @State int getState() {
+            return mState;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Metered state. One of the following values:<p/>
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>{@link #METERED_ALL}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #METERED_NO}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #METERED_YES}</li>
+         * </ul>
+         * <p>A network is classified as metered when the user is sensitive to heavy data usage on
+         * that connection. Apps may warn before using these networks for large downloads. The
+         * metered state can be set by the user within data usage network restrictions.
+         */
+        public @Metered int getMetered() {
+            return mMetered;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Roaming state. One of the following values:<p/>
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>{@link #ROAMING_ALL}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #ROAMING_NO}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #ROAMING_YES}</li>
+         * </ul>
+         */
+        public @Roaming int getRoaming() {
+            return mRoaming;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Default network status. One of the following values:<p/>
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>{@link #DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO}</li>
+         * <li>{@link #DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES}</li>
+         * </ul>
+         */
+        public @DefaultNetworkStatus int getDefaultNetworkStatus() {
+            return mDefaultNetworkStatus;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Start timestamp of the bucket's time interval. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+         * {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         * @return Start of interval.
+         */
+        public long getStartTimeStamp() {
+            return mBeginTimeStamp;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * End timestamp of the bucket's time interval. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+         * {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         * @return End of interval.
+         */
+        public long getEndTimeStamp() {
+            return mEndTimeStamp;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Number of bytes received during the bucket's time interval. Statistics are measured at
+         * the network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+         * @return Number of bytes.
+         */
+        public long getRxBytes() {
+            return mRxBytes;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Number of bytes transmitted during the bucket's time interval. Statistics are measured at
+         * the network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+         * @return Number of bytes.
+         */
+        public long getTxBytes() {
+            return mTxBytes;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Number of packets received during the bucket's time interval. Statistics are measured at
+         * the network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+         * @return Number of packets.
+         */
+        public long getRxPackets() {
+            return mRxPackets;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Number of packets transmitted during the bucket's time interval. Statistics are measured
+         * at the network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+         * @return Number of packets.
+         */
+        public long getTxPackets() {
+            return mTxPackets;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fills the recycled bucket with data of the next bin in the enumeration.
+     * @param bucketOut Bucket to be filled with data. If null, the method does
+     *                  nothing and returning false.
+     * @return true if successfully filled the bucket, false otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean getNextBucket(@Nullable Bucket bucketOut) {
+        if (mSummary != null) {
+            return getNextSummaryBucket(bucketOut);
+        } else {
+            return getNextHistoryBucket(bucketOut);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if it is possible to ask for a next bucket in the enumeration.
+     * @return true if there is at least one more bucket.
+     */
+    public boolean hasNextBucket() {
+        if (mSummary != null) {
+            return mEnumerationIndex < mSummary.size();
+        } else if (mHistory != null) {
+            return mEnumerationIndex < mHistory.size()
+                    || hasNextUid();
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the enumeration. Call this method before this object gets out of scope.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        if (mSession != null) {
+            try {
+                mSession.close();
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, e);
+                // Otherwise, meh
+            }
+        }
+        mSession = null;
+        if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+            mCloseGuard.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // -------------------------END OF PUBLIC API-----------------------------------
+
+    /**
+     * Collects device summary results into a Bucket.
+     * @throws RemoteException
+     */
+    Bucket getDeviceSummaryForNetwork() throws RemoteException {
+        mSummary = mSession.getDeviceSummaryForNetwork(mTemplate, mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp);
+
+        // Setting enumeration index beyond end to avoid accidental enumeration over data that does
+        // not belong to the calling user.
+        mEnumerationIndex = mSummary.size();
+
+        return getSummaryAggregate();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects summary results and sets summary enumeration mode.
+     * @throws RemoteException
+     */
+    void startSummaryEnumeration() throws RemoteException {
+        mSummary = mSession.getSummaryForAllUid(mTemplate, mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp,
+                false /* includeTags */);
+        mEnumerationIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects tagged summary results and sets summary enumeration mode.
+     * @throws RemoteException
+     */
+    void startTaggedSummaryEnumeration() throws RemoteException {
+        mSummary = mSession.getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(mTemplate, mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp);
+        mEnumerationIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects history results for uid and resets history enumeration index.
+     */
+    void startHistoryUidEnumeration(int uid, int tag, int state) {
+        mHistory = null;
+        try {
+            mHistory = mSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(mTemplate, uid,
+                    Bucket.convertSet(state), tag, NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL,
+                    mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp);
+            setSingleUidTagState(uid, tag, state);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, e);
+            // Leaving mHistory null
+        }
+        mEnumerationIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects history results for network and resets history enumeration index.
+     */
+    void startHistoryDeviceEnumeration() {
+        try {
+            mHistory = mSession.getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(
+                    mTemplate, NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL, mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, e);
+            mHistory = null;
+        }
+        mEnumerationIndex = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Starts uid enumeration for current user.
+     * @throws RemoteException
+     */
+    void startUserUidEnumeration() throws RemoteException {
+        // TODO: getRelevantUids should be sensitive to time interval. When that's done,
+        //       the filtering logic below can be removed.
+        int[] uids = mSession.getRelevantUids();
+        // Filtering of uids with empty history.
+        final ArrayList<Integer> filteredUids = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int uid : uids) {
+            try {
+                NetworkStatsHistory history = mSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(mTemplate, uid,
+                        android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                        NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL, mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp);
+                if (history != null && history.size() > 0) {
+                    filteredUids.add(uid);
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "Error while getting history of uid " + uid, e);
+            }
+        }
+        mUids = CollectionUtils.toIntArray(filteredUids);
+        mUidOrUidIndex = -1;
+        stepHistory();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Steps to next uid in enumeration and collects history for that.
+     */
+    private void stepHistory(){
+        if (hasNextUid()) {
+            stepUid();
+            mHistory = null;
+            try {
+                mHistory = mSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(mTemplate, getUid(),
+                        android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                        NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL, mStartTimeStamp, mEndTimeStamp);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, e);
+                // Leaving mHistory null
+            }
+            mEnumerationIndex = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void fillBucketFromSummaryEntry(Bucket bucketOut) {
+        bucketOut.mUid = Bucket.convertUid(mRecycledSummaryEntry.uid);
+        bucketOut.mTag = Bucket.convertTag(mRecycledSummaryEntry.tag);
+        bucketOut.mState = Bucket.convertState(mRecycledSummaryEntry.set);
+        bucketOut.mDefaultNetworkStatus = Bucket.convertDefaultNetworkStatus(
+                mRecycledSummaryEntry.defaultNetwork);
+        bucketOut.mMetered = Bucket.convertMetered(mRecycledSummaryEntry.metered);
+        bucketOut.mRoaming = Bucket.convertRoaming(mRecycledSummaryEntry.roaming);
+        bucketOut.mBeginTimeStamp = mStartTimeStamp;
+        bucketOut.mEndTimeStamp = mEndTimeStamp;
+        bucketOut.mRxBytes = mRecycledSummaryEntry.rxBytes;
+        bucketOut.mRxPackets = mRecycledSummaryEntry.rxPackets;
+        bucketOut.mTxBytes = mRecycledSummaryEntry.txBytes;
+        bucketOut.mTxPackets = mRecycledSummaryEntry.txPackets;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getting the next item in summary enumeration.
+     * @param bucketOut Next item will be set here.
+     * @return true if a next item could be set.
+     */
+    private boolean getNextSummaryBucket(@Nullable Bucket bucketOut) {
+        if (bucketOut != null && mEnumerationIndex < mSummary.size()) {
+            mRecycledSummaryEntry = mSummary.getValues(mEnumerationIndex++, mRecycledSummaryEntry);
+            fillBucketFromSummaryEntry(bucketOut);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Bucket getSummaryAggregate() {
+        if (mSummary == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        Bucket bucket = new Bucket();
+        if (mRecycledSummaryEntry == null) {
+            mRecycledSummaryEntry = new android.net.NetworkStats.Entry();
+        }
+        mSummary.getTotal(mRecycledSummaryEntry);
+        fillBucketFromSummaryEntry(bucket);
+        return bucket;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Getting the next item in a history enumeration.
+     * @param bucketOut Next item will be set here.
+     * @return true if a next item could be set.
+     */
+    private boolean getNextHistoryBucket(@Nullable Bucket bucketOut) {
+        if (bucketOut != null && mHistory != null) {
+            if (mEnumerationIndex < mHistory.size()) {
+                mRecycledHistoryEntry = mHistory.getValues(mEnumerationIndex++,
+                        mRecycledHistoryEntry);
+                bucketOut.mUid = Bucket.convertUid(getUid());
+                bucketOut.mTag = Bucket.convertTag(mTag);
+                bucketOut.mState = mState;
+                bucketOut.mDefaultNetworkStatus = Bucket.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+                bucketOut.mMetered = Bucket.METERED_ALL;
+                bucketOut.mRoaming = Bucket.ROAMING_ALL;
+                bucketOut.mBeginTimeStamp = mRecycledHistoryEntry.bucketStart;
+                bucketOut.mEndTimeStamp = mRecycledHistoryEntry.bucketStart +
+                        mRecycledHistoryEntry.bucketDuration;
+                bucketOut.mRxBytes = mRecycledHistoryEntry.rxBytes;
+                bucketOut.mRxPackets = mRecycledHistoryEntry.rxPackets;
+                bucketOut.mTxBytes = mRecycledHistoryEntry.txBytes;
+                bucketOut.mTxPackets = mRecycledHistoryEntry.txPackets;
+                return true;
+            } else if (hasNextUid()) {
+                stepHistory();
+                return getNextHistoryBucket(bucketOut);
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // ------------------ UID LOGIC------------------------
+
+    private boolean isUidEnumeration() {
+        return mUids != null;
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasNextUid() {
+        return isUidEnumeration() && (mUidOrUidIndex + 1) < mUids.length;
+    }
+
+    private int getUid() {
+        // Check if uid enumeration.
+        if (isUidEnumeration()) {
+            if (mUidOrUidIndex < 0 || mUidOrUidIndex >= mUids.length) {
+                throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
+                        "Index=" + mUidOrUidIndex + " mUids.length=" + mUids.length);
+            }
+            return mUids[mUidOrUidIndex];
+        }
+        // Single uid mode.
+        return mUidOrUidIndex;
+    }
+
+    private void setSingleUidTagState(int uid, int tag, int state) {
+        mUidOrUidIndex = uid;
+        mTag = tag;
+        mState = state;
+    }
+
+    private void stepUid() {
+        if (mUids != null) {
+            ++mUidOrUidIndex;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f41475b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1238 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
+ * of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.app.usage;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.SystemService;
+import android.annotation.WorkerThread;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStats.Bucket;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
+import android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkIdentityUtils;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Provides access to network usage history and statistics. Usage data is collected in
+ * discrete bins of time called 'Buckets'. See {@link NetworkStats.Bucket} for details.
+ * <p />
+ * Queries can define a time interval in the form of start and end timestamps (Long.MIN_VALUE and
+ * Long.MAX_VALUE can be used to simulate open ended intervals). By default, apps can only obtain
+ * data about themselves. See the below note for special cases in which apps can obtain data about
+ * other applications.
+ * <h3>
+ * Summary queries
+ * </h3>
+ * {@link #querySummaryForDevice} <p />
+ * {@link #querySummaryForUser} <p />
+ * {@link #querySummary} <p />
+ * These queries aggregate network usage across the whole interval. Therefore there will be only one
+ * bucket for a particular key, state, metered and roaming combination. In case of the user-wide
+ * and device-wide summaries a single bucket containing the totalised network usage is returned.
+ * <h3>
+ * History queries
+ * </h3>
+ * {@link #queryDetailsForUid} <p />
+ * {@link #queryDetails} <p />
+ * These queries do not aggregate over time but do aggregate over state, metered and roaming.
+ * Therefore there can be multiple buckets for a particular key. However, all Buckets will have
+ * {@code state} {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL},
+ * {@code defaultNetwork} {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+ * {@code metered } {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL},
+ * {@code roaming} {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+ * <p />
+ * <b>NOTE:</b> Calling {@link #querySummaryForDevice} or accessing stats for apps other than the
+ * calling app requires the permission {@link android.Manifest.permission#PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS},
+ * which is a system-level permission and will not be granted to third-party apps. However,
+ * declaring the permission implies intention to use the API and the user of the device can grant
+ * permission through the Settings application.
+ * <p />
+ * Profile owner apps are automatically granted permission to query data on the profile they manage
+ * (that is, for any query except {@link #querySummaryForDevice}). Device owner apps and carrier-
+ * privileged apps likewise get access to usage data for all users on the device.
+ * <p />
+ * In addition to tethering usage, usage by removed users and apps, and usage by the system
+ * is also included in the results for callers with one of these higher levels of access.
+ * <p />
+ * <b>NOTE:</b> Prior to API level {@value android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N}, all calls to these APIs required
+ * the above permission, even to access an app's own data usage, and carrier-privileged apps were
+ * not included.
+ */
+@SystemService(Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE)
+public class NetworkStatsManager {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsManager";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED = 0;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int CALLBACK_RELEASED = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum data usage threshold for registering usage callbacks.
+     *
+     * Requests registered with a threshold lower than this will only be triggered once this minimum
+     * is reached.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final long MIN_THRESHOLD_BYTES = 2 * 1_048_576L; // 2MiB
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final INetworkStatsService mService;
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Use {@link NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils#PREFIX_XT}
+     * instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final String PREFIX_DEV = "dev";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN = 1 << 0;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FLAG_POLL_FORCE = 1 << 1;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN = 1 << 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Virtual RAT type to represent 5G NSA (Non Stand Alone) mode, where the primary cell is
+     * still LTE and network allocates a secondary 5G cell so telephony reports RAT = LTE along
+     * with NR state as connected. This is a concept added by NetworkStats on top of the telephony
+     * constants for backward compatibility of metrics so this should not be overlapped with any of
+     * the {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*} constants.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA = -2;
+
+    private int mFlags;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStatsManager(Context context, INetworkStatsService service) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mService = service;
+        setPollOnOpen(true);
+        setAugmentWithSubscriptionPlan(true);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public INetworkStatsService getBinder() {
+        return mService;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set poll on open flag to indicate the poll is needed before service gets statistics
+     * result. This is default enabled. However, for any non-privileged caller, the poll might
+     * be omitted in case of rate limiting.
+     *
+     * @param pollOnOpen true if poll is needed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // The system will ignore any non-default values for non-privileged
+    // processes, so processes that don't hold the appropriate permissions
+    // can make no use of this API.
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void setPollOnOpen(boolean pollOnOpen) {
+        if (pollOnOpen) {
+            mFlags |= FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN;
+        } else {
+            mFlags &= ~FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set poll force flag to indicate that calling any subsequent query method will force a stats
+     * poll.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void setPollForce(boolean pollForce) {
+        if (pollForce) {
+            mFlags |= FLAG_POLL_FORCE;
+        } else {
+            mFlags &= ~FLAG_POLL_FORCE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void setAugmentWithSubscriptionPlan(boolean augmentWithSubscriptionPlan) {
+        if (augmentWithSubscriptionPlan) {
+            mFlags |= FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN;
+        } else {
+            mFlags &= ~FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics summaries.
+     *
+     * Result is summarised data usage for the whole
+     * device. Result is a single Bucket aggregated over time, state, uid, tag, metered, and
+     * roaming. This means the bucket's start and end timestamp will be the same as the
+     * 'startTime' and 'endTime' arguments. State is going to be
+     * {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL}, uid {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#UID_ALL},
+     * tag {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE},
+     * default network {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+     * metered {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL},
+     * and roaming {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param startTime Start of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Bucket Summarised data usage.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @WorkerThread
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public Bucket querySummaryForDevice(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
+            long startTime, long endTime) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template);
+        try {
+            NetworkStats stats =
+                    new NetworkStats(mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+            Bucket bucket = stats.getDeviceSummaryForNetwork();
+            stats.close();
+            return bucket;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return null; // To make the compiler happy.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics summaries. Result is summarised data usage for the whole
+     * device. Result is a single Bucket aggregated over time, state, uid, tag, metered, and
+     * roaming. This means the bucket's start and end timestamp are going to be the same as the
+     * 'startTime' and 'endTime' parameters. State is going to be
+     * {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL}, uid {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#UID_ALL},
+     * tag {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE},
+     * default network {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+     * metered {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL},
+     * and roaming {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Bucket object or null if permissions are insufficient or error happened during
+     *         statistics collection.
+     */
+    @WorkerThread
+    public Bucket querySummaryForDevice(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long startTime, long endTime) throws SecurityException, RemoteException {
+        NetworkTemplate template;
+        try {
+            template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create template", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return querySummaryForDevice(template, startTime, endTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics summaries. Result is summarised data usage for all uids
+     * belonging to calling user. Result is a single Bucket aggregated over time, state and uid.
+     * This means the bucket's start and end timestamp are going to be the same as the 'startTime'
+     * and 'endTime' parameters. State is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL},
+     * uid {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#UID_ALL}, tag {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE},
+     * metered {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL}, and roaming
+     * {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Bucket object or null if permissions are insufficient or error happened during
+     *         statistics collection.
+     */
+    @WorkerThread
+    public Bucket querySummaryForUser(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long startTime, long endTime) throws SecurityException, RemoteException {
+        NetworkTemplate template;
+        try {
+            template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create template", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        NetworkStats stats;
+        stats = new NetworkStats(mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+        stats.startSummaryEnumeration();
+
+        stats.close();
+        return stats.getSummaryAggregate();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics summaries. Result filtered to include only uids belonging to
+     * calling user. Result is aggregated over time, hence all buckets will have the same start and
+     * end timestamps. Not aggregated over state, uid, default network, metered, or roaming. This
+     * means buckets' start and end timestamps are going to be the same as the 'startTime' and
+     * 'endTime' parameters. State, uid, metered, and roaming are going to vary, and tag is going to
+     * be the same.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Statistics object or null if permissions are insufficient or error happened during
+     *         statistics collection.
+     */
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats querySummary(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId, long startTime,
+            long endTime) throws SecurityException, RemoteException {
+        NetworkTemplate template;
+        try {
+            template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create template", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return querySummary(template, startTime, endTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics summaries.
+     *
+     * The results will only include traffic made by UIDs belonging to the calling user profile.
+     * The results are aggregated over time, so that all buckets will have the same start and
+     * end timestamps as the passed arguments. Not aggregated over state, uid, default network,
+     * metered, or roaming.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param startTime Start of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats querySummary(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template, long startTime,
+            long endTime) throws SecurityException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template);
+        try {
+            NetworkStats result =
+                    new NetworkStats(mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+            result.startSummaryEnumeration();
+            return result;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return null; // To make the compiler happy.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query tagged network usage statistics summaries.
+     *
+     * The results will only include tagged traffic made by UIDs belonging to the calling user
+     * profile. The results are aggregated over time, so that all buckets will have the same
+     * start and end timestamps as the passed arguments. Not aggregated over state, uid,
+     * default network, metered, or roaming.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param startTime Start of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *            {@link System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *            {@link System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryTaggedSummary(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template, long startTime,
+            long endTime) throws SecurityException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template);
+        try {
+            NetworkStats result =
+                    new NetworkStats(mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+            result.startTaggedSummaryEnumeration();
+            return result;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return null; // To make the compiler happy.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query usage statistics details for networks matching a given {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     *
+     * Result is not aggregated over time. This means buckets' start and
+     * end timestamps will be between 'startTime' and 'endTime' parameters.
+     * <p>Only includes buckets whose entire time period is included between
+     * startTime and endTime. Doesn't interpolate or return partial buckets.
+     * Since bucket length is in the order of hours, this
+     * method cannot be used to measure data usage on a fine grained time scale.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param startTime Start of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *                  {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *                {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryDetailsForDevice(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
+            long startTime, long endTime) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template);
+        try {
+            final NetworkStats result =
+                    new NetworkStats(mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+            result.startHistoryDeviceEnumeration();
+            return result;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+        return null; // To make the compiler happy.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics details for a given uid.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @see #queryDetailsForUidTagState(int, String, long, long, int, int, int)
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryDetailsForUid(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long startTime, long endTime, int uid) throws SecurityException {
+        return queryDetailsForUidTagState(networkType, subscriberId, startTime, endTime, uid,
+            NetworkStats.Bucket.TAG_NONE, NetworkStats.Bucket.STATE_ALL);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkStats queryDetailsForUid(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
+            long startTime, long endTime, int uid) throws SecurityException {
+        return queryDetailsForUidTagState(template, startTime, endTime, uid,
+                NetworkStats.Bucket.TAG_NONE, NetworkStats.Bucket.STATE_ALL);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics details for a given uid and tag.
+     *
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     * Only usable for uids belonging to calling user. Result is not aggregated over time.
+     * This means buckets' start and end timestamps are going to be between 'startTime' and
+     * 'endTime' parameters. The uid is going to be the same as the 'uid' parameter, the tag
+     * the same as the 'tag' parameter, and the state the same as the 'state' parameter.
+     * defaultNetwork is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+     * metered is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL}, and
+     * roaming is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * <p>Only includes buckets that atomically occur in the inclusive time range. Doesn't
+     * interpolate across partial buckets. Since bucket length is in the order of hours, this
+     * method cannot be used to measure data usage on a fine grained time scale.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param uid UID of app
+     * @param tag TAG of interest. Use {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE} for aggregated data
+     *            across all the tags.
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @throws SecurityException if permissions are insufficient to read network statistics.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTag(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long startTime, long endTime, int uid, int tag) throws SecurityException {
+        return queryDetailsForUidTagState(networkType, subscriberId, startTime, endTime, uid,
+            tag, NetworkStats.Bucket.STATE_ALL);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics details for a given uid, tag, and state.
+     *
+     * Only usable for uids belonging to calling user. Result is not aggregated over time.
+     * This means buckets' start and end timestamps are going to be between 'startTime' and
+     * 'endTime' parameters. The uid is going to be the same as the 'uid' parameter, the tag
+     * the same as the 'tag' parameter, and the state the same as the 'state' parameter.
+     * defaultNetwork is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+     * metered is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL}, and
+     * roaming is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * <p>Only includes buckets that atomically occur in the inclusive time range. Doesn't
+     * interpolate across partial buckets. Since bucket length is in the order of hours, this
+     * method cannot be used to measure data usage on a fine grained time scale.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param uid UID of app
+     * @param tag TAG of interest. Use {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE} for aggregated data
+     *            across all the tags.
+     * @param state state of interest. Use {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL} to aggregate
+     *            traffic from all states.
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @throws SecurityException if permissions are insufficient to read network statistics.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTagState(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long startTime, long endTime, int uid, int tag, int state) throws SecurityException {
+        NetworkTemplate template;
+        template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
+
+        return queryDetailsForUidTagState(template, startTime, endTime, uid, tag, state);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics details for a given template, uid, tag, and state.
+     *
+     * Only usable for uids belonging to calling user. Result is not aggregated over time.
+     * This means buckets' start and end timestamps are going to be between 'startTime' and
+     * 'endTime' parameters. The uid is going to be the same as the 'uid' parameter, the tag
+     * the same as the 'tag' parameter, and the state the same as the 'state' parameter.
+     * defaultNetwork is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+     * metered is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL}, and
+     * roaming is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * <p>Only includes buckets that atomically occur in the inclusive time range. Doesn't
+     * interpolate across partial buckets. Since bucket length is in the order of hours, this
+     * method cannot be used to measure data usage on a fine grained time scale.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param startTime Start of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *                  {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch, see
+     *                {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param uid UID of app
+     * @param tag TAG of interest. Use {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE} for aggregated data
+     *            across all the tags.
+     * @param state state of interest. Use {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL} to aggregate
+     *            traffic from all states.
+     * @return Statistics which is described above.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryDetailsForUidTagState(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
+            long startTime, long endTime, int uid, int tag, int state) throws SecurityException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template);
+        try {
+            final NetworkStats result = new NetworkStats(
+                    mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+            result.startHistoryUidEnumeration(uid, tag, state);
+            return result;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error while querying stats for uid=" + uid + " tag=" + tag
+                    + " state=" + state, e);
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+        return null; // To make the compiler happy.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query network usage statistics details. Result filtered to include only uids belonging to
+     * calling user. Result is aggregated over state but not aggregated over time, uid, tag,
+     * metered, nor roaming. This means buckets' start and end timestamps are going to be between
+     * 'startTime' and 'endTime' parameters. State is going to be
+     * {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#STATE_ALL}, uid will vary,
+     * tag {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#TAG_NONE},
+     * default network is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL},
+     * metered is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#METERED_ALL},
+     * and roaming is going to be {@link NetworkStats.Bucket#ROAMING_ALL}.
+     * <p>Only includes buckets that atomically occur in the inclusive time range. Doesn't
+     * interpolate across partial buckets. Since bucket length is in the order of hours, this
+     * method cannot be used to measure data usage on a fine grained time scale.
+     * This may take a long time, and apps should avoid calling this on their main thread.
+     *
+     * @param networkType As defined in {@link ConnectivityManager}, e.g.
+     *            {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE}, {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}
+     *            etc.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when querying for the mobile network type to receive usage
+     *                     for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param startTime Start of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @param endTime End of period. Defined in terms of "Unix time", see
+     *            {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+     * @return Statistics object or null if permissions are insufficient or error happened during
+     *         statistics collection.
+     */
+    @WorkerThread
+    public NetworkStats queryDetails(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId, long startTime,
+            long endTime) throws SecurityException, RemoteException {
+        NetworkTemplate template;
+        try {
+            template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create template", e);
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        NetworkStats result;
+        result = new NetworkStats(mContext, template, mFlags, startTime, endTime, mService);
+        result.startUserUidEnumeration();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query realtime mobile network usage statistics.
+     *
+     * Return a snapshot of current UID network statistics, as it applies
+     * to the mobile radios of the device. The snapshot will include any
+     * tethering traffic, video calling data usage and count of
+     * network operations set by {@link TrafficStats#incrementOperationCount}
+     * made over a mobile radio.
+     * The snapshot will not include any statistics that cannot be seen by
+     * the kernel, e.g. statistics reported by {@link NetworkStatsProvider}s.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats getMobileUidStats() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getUidStatsForTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Remote exception when get Mobile uid stats");
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Query realtime Wi-Fi network usage statistics.
+     *
+     * Return a snapshot of current UID network statistics, as it applies
+     * to the Wi-Fi radios of the device. The snapshot will include any
+     * tethering traffic, video calling data usage and count of
+     * network operations set by {@link TrafficStats#incrementOperationCount}
+     * made over a Wi-Fi radio.
+     * The snapshot will not include any statistics that cannot be seen by
+     * the kernel, e.g. statistics reported by {@link NetworkStatsProvider}s.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    @NonNull public android.net.NetworkStats getWifiUidStats() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getUidStatsForTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Remote exception when get WiFi uid stats");
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about data usage on specified networks.
+     *
+     * <p>The callbacks will continue to be called as long as the process is alive or
+     * {@link #unregisterUsageCallback} is called.
+     *
+     * @param template Template used to match networks. See {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+     * @param thresholdBytes Threshold in bytes to be notified on. Provided values lower than 2MiB
+     *                       will be clamped for callers except callers with the NETWORK_STACK
+     *                       permission.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. The provided {@link Executor}
+     *                 must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of callbacks cannot be
+     *                 guaranteed.
+     * @param callback The {@link UsageCallback} that the system will call when data usage
+     *                 has exceeded the specified threshold.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}, conditional = true)
+    public void registerUsageCallback(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template, long thresholdBytes,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor, @NonNull UsageCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(template, "NetworkTemplate cannot be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "UsageCallback cannot be null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Executor cannot be null");
+
+        final DataUsageRequest request = new DataUsageRequest(DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET,
+                template, thresholdBytes);
+        try {
+            final UsageCallbackWrapper callbackWrapper =
+                    new UsageCallbackWrapper(executor, callback);
+            callback.request = mService.registerUsageCallback(
+                    mContext.getOpPackageName(), request, callbackWrapper);
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "registerUsageCallback returned " + callback.request);
+
+            if (callback.request == null) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Request from callback is null; should not happen");
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Remote exception when registering callback");
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about data usage on specified networks.
+     *
+     * <p>The callbacks will continue to be called as long as the process is live or
+     * {@link #unregisterUsageCallback} is called.
+     *
+     * @param networkType Type of network to monitor. Either
+    {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE} or {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when registering for the mobile network type to receive
+     *                     notifications for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param thresholdBytes Threshold in bytes to be notified on.
+     * @param callback The {@link UsageCallback} that the system will call when data usage
+     *            has exceeded the specified threshold.
+     */
+    public void registerUsageCallback(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long thresholdBytes, @NonNull UsageCallback callback) {
+        registerUsageCallback(networkType, subscriberId, thresholdBytes, callback,
+                null /* handler */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers to receive notifications about data usage on specified networks.
+     *
+     * <p>The callbacks will continue to be called as long as the process is live or
+     * {@link #unregisterUsageCallback} is called.
+     *
+     * @param networkType Type of network to monitor. Either
+                  {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE} or {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI}.
+     * @param subscriberId If applicable, the subscriber id of the network interface.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 29, the {@code subscriberId} is guarded by
+     *                     additional restrictions. Calling apps that do not meet the new
+     *                     requirements to access the {@code subscriberId} can provide a {@code
+     *                     null} value when registering for the mobile network type to receive
+     *                     notifications for all mobile networks. For additional details see {@link
+     *                     TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     *                     <p>Starting with API level 31, calling apps can provide a
+     *                     {@code subscriberId} with wifi network type to receive usage for
+     *                     wifi networks which is under the given subscription if applicable.
+     *                     Otherwise, pass {@code null} when querying all wifi networks.
+     * @param thresholdBytes Threshold in bytes to be notified on.
+     * @param callback The {@link UsageCallback} that the system will call when data usage
+     *            has exceeded the specified threshold.
+     * @param handler to dispatch callback events through, otherwise if {@code null} it uses
+     *            the calling thread.
+     */
+    public void registerUsageCallback(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId,
+            long thresholdBytes, @NonNull UsageCallback callback, @Nullable Handler handler) {
+        NetworkTemplate template = createTemplate(networkType, subscriberId);
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "registerUsageCallback called with: {"
+                    + " networkType=" + networkType
+                    + " subscriberId=" + subscriberId
+                    + " thresholdBytes=" + thresholdBytes
+                    + " }");
+        }
+
+        final Executor executor = handler == null ? r -> r.run() : r -> handler.post(r);
+
+        registerUsageCallback(template, thresholdBytes, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters callbacks on data usage.
+     *
+     * @param callback The {@link UsageCallback} used when registering.
+     */
+    public void unregisterUsageCallback(@NonNull UsageCallback callback) {
+        if (callback == null || callback.request == null
+                || callback.request.requestId == DataUsageRequest.REQUEST_ID_UNSET) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid UsageCallback");
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.unregisterUsageRequest(callback.request);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Remote exception when unregistering callback");
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Base class for usage callbacks. Should be extended by applications wanting notifications.
+     */
+    public static abstract class UsageCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when data usage has reached the given threshold.
+         *
+         * Called by {@code NetworkStatsService} when the registered threshold is reached.
+         * If a caller implements {@link #onThresholdReached(NetworkTemplate)}, the system
+         * will not call {@link #onThresholdReached(int, String)}.
+         *
+         * @param template The {@link NetworkTemplate} that associated with this callback.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public void onThresholdReached(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template) {
+            // Backward compatibility for those who didn't override this function.
+            final int networkType = networkTypeForTemplate(template);
+            if (networkType != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
+                final String subscriberId = template.getSubscriberIds().isEmpty() ? null
+                        : template.getSubscriberIds().iterator().next();
+                onThresholdReached(networkType, subscriberId);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when data usage has reached the given threshold.
+         */
+        public abstract void onThresholdReached(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId);
+
+        /**
+         * @hide used for internal bookkeeping
+         */
+        private DataUsageRequest request;
+
+        /**
+         * Get network type from a template if feasible.
+         *
+         * @param template the target {@link NetworkTemplate}.
+         * @return legacy network type, only supports for the types which is already supported in
+         *         {@link #registerUsageCallback(int, String, long, UsageCallback, Handler)}.
+         *         {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_NONE} for other types.
+         */
+        private static int networkTypeForTemplate(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template) {
+            switch (template.getMatchRule()) {
+                case NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE:
+                    return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+                case NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI:
+                    return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+                default:
+                    return ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a custom provider of {@link android.net.NetworkStats} to provide network statistics
+     * to the system. To unregister, invoke {@link #unregisterNetworkStatsProvider}.
+     * Note that no de-duplication of statistics between providers is performed, so each provider
+     * must only report network traffic that is not being reported by any other provider. Also note
+     * that the provider cannot be re-registered after unregistering.
+     *
+     * @param tag a human readable identifier of the custom network stats provider. This is only
+     *            used for debugging.
+     * @param provider the subclass of {@link NetworkStatsProvider} that needs to be
+     *                 registered to the system.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void registerNetworkStatsProvider(
+            @NonNull String tag,
+            @NonNull NetworkStatsProvider provider) {
+        try {
+            if (provider.getProviderCallbackBinder() != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("provider is already registered");
+            }
+            final INetworkStatsProviderCallback cbBinder =
+                    mService.registerNetworkStatsProvider(tag, provider.getProviderBinder());
+            provider.setProviderCallbackBinder(cbBinder);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters an instance of {@link NetworkStatsProvider}.
+     *
+     * @param provider the subclass of {@link NetworkStatsProvider} that needs to be
+     *                 unregistered to the system.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER,
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void unregisterNetworkStatsProvider(@NonNull NetworkStatsProvider provider) {
+        try {
+            provider.getProviderCallbackBinderOrThrow().unregister();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static NetworkTemplate createTemplate(int networkType, @Nullable String subscriberId) {
+        final NetworkTemplate template;
+        switch (networkType) {
+            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE:
+                template = subscriberId == null
+                        ? NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard()
+                        : NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll(subscriberId);
+                break;
+            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:
+                template = TextUtils.isEmpty(subscriberId)
+                        ? NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard()
+                        : NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifi(NetworkTemplate.WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL,
+                                subscriberId);
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot create template for network type "
+                        + networkType + ", subscriberId '"
+                        + NetworkIdentityUtils.scrubSubscriberId(subscriberId) + "'.");
+        }
+        return template;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify {@code NetworkStatsService} about network status changed.
+     *
+     * Notifies NetworkStatsService of network state changes for data usage accounting purposes.
+     *
+     * To avoid races that attribute data usage to wrong network, such as new network with
+     * the same interface after SIM hot-swap, this function will not return until
+     * {@code NetworkStatsService} finishes its work of retrieving traffic statistics from
+     * all data sources.
+     *
+     * @param defaultNetworks the list of all networks that could be used by network traffic that
+     *                        does not explicitly select a network.
+     * @param networkStateSnapshots a list of {@link NetworkStateSnapshot}s, one for
+     *                              each network that is currently connected.
+     * @param activeIface the active (i.e., connected) default network interface for the calling
+     *                    uid. Used to determine on which network future calls to
+     *                    {@link android.net.TrafficStats#incrementOperationCount} applies to.
+     * @param underlyingNetworkInfos the list of underlying network information for all
+     *                               currently-connected VPNs.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void notifyNetworkStatus(
+            @NonNull List<Network> defaultNetworks,
+            @NonNull List<NetworkStateSnapshot> networkStateSnapshots,
+            @Nullable String activeIface,
+            @NonNull List<UnderlyingNetworkInfo> underlyingNetworkInfos) {
+        try {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(defaultNetworks);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(networkStateSnapshots);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+            mService.notifyNetworkStatus(defaultNetworks.toArray(new Network[0]),
+                    networkStateSnapshots.toArray(new NetworkStateSnapshot[0]), activeIface,
+                    underlyingNetworkInfos.toArray(new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0]));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class UsageCallbackWrapper extends IUsageCallback.Stub {
+        // Null if unregistered.
+        private volatile UsageCallback mCallback;
+
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+        UsageCallbackWrapper(@NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull UsageCallback callback) {
+            mCallback = callback;
+            mExecutor = executor;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onThresholdReached(DataUsageRequest request) {
+            // Copy it to a local variable in case mCallback changed inside the if condition.
+            final UsageCallback callback = mCallback;
+            if (callback != null) {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> callback.onThresholdReached(request.template));
+            } else {
+                Log.e(TAG, "onThresholdReached with released callback for " + request);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onCallbackReleased(DataUsageRequest request) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "callback released for " + request);
+            mCallback = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Mark given UID as being in foreground for stats purposes.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void noteUidForeground(int uid, boolean uidForeground) {
+        try {
+            mService.noteUidForeground(uid, uidForeground);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set default value of global alert bytes, the value will be clamped to [128kB, 2MB].
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void setDefaultGlobalAlert(long alertBytes) {
+        try {
+            // TODO: Sync internal naming with the API surface.
+            mService.advisePersistThreshold(alertBytes);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Force update of statistics.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void forceUpdate() {
+        try {
+            mService.forceUpdate();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the warning and limit to all registered custom network stats providers.
+     * Note that invocation of any interface will be sent to all providers.
+     *
+     * Asynchronicity notes : because traffic may be happening on the device at the same time, it
+     * doesn't make sense to wait for the warning and limit to be set – a caller still wouldn't
+     * know when exactly it was effective. All that can matter is that it's done quickly. Also,
+     * this method can't fail, so there is no status to return. All providers will see the new
+     * values soon.
+     * As such, this method returns immediately and sends the warning and limit to all providers
+     * as soon as possible through a one-way binder call.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(@NonNull String iface, long warning,
+            long limit) {
+        try {
+            mService.setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(iface, warning, limit);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a RAT type representative of a group of RAT types for network statistics.
+     *
+     * Collapse the given Radio Access Technology (RAT) type into a bucket that
+     * is representative of the original RAT type for network statistics. The
+     * mapping mostly corresponds to {@code TelephonyManager#NETWORK_CLASS_BIT_MASK_*}
+     * but with adaptations specific to the virtual types introduced by
+     * networks stats.
+     *
+     * @param ratType An integer defined in {@code TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static int getCollapsedRatType(int ratType) {
+        switch (ratType) {
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GPRS:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GSM:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EDGE:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_IDEN:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_CDMA:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_1xRTT:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GSM;
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_0:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_A:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_B:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EHRPD:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSDPA:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSUPA:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSPA:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSPAP:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_TD_SCDMA:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS;
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE:
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_IWLAN:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE;
+            case TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR;
+            // Virtual RAT type for 5G NSA mode, see
+            // {@link NetworkStatsManager#NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA}.
+            case NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA:
+                return NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA;
+            default:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61b34d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.app.SystemServiceRegistry;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+
+/**
+ * Class for performing registration for Connectivity services which are exposed via updatable APIs
+ * since Android T.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu {
+    private ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Called by {@link SystemServiceRegistry}'s static initializer and registers NetworkStats, nsd,
+     * ipsec and ethernet services to {@link Context}, so that {@link Context#getSystemService} can
+     * return them.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if this is called anywhere besides
+     * {@link SystemServiceRegistry}.
+     */
+    public static void registerServiceWrappers() {
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.NSD_SERVICE,
+                NsdManager.class,
+                (context, serviceBinder) -> {
+                    INsdManager service = INsdManager.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                    return new NsdManager(context, service);
+                }
+        );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.IPSEC_SERVICE,
+                IpSecManager.class,
+                (context, serviceBinder) -> {
+                    IIpSecService service = IIpSecService.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                    return new IpSecManager(context, service);
+                }
+        );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.NETWORK_STATS_SERVICE,
+                NetworkStatsManager.class,
+                (context, serviceBinder) -> {
+                    INetworkStatsService service =
+                            INetworkStatsService.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                    return new NetworkStatsManager(context, service);
+                }
+        );
+
+        SystemServiceRegistry.registerContextAwareService(
+                Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE,
+                EthernetManager.class,
+                (context, serviceBinder) -> {
+                    IEthernetManager service = IEthernetManager.Stub.asInterface(serviceBinder);
+                    return new EthernetManager(context, service);
+                }
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1937c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2016, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable DataUsageRequest;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0ff465
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/DataUsageRequest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
+ * of the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Defines a request to register a callbacks. Used to be notified on data usage via
+ * {@link android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#registerDataUsageCallback}.
+ * If no {@code uid}s are set, callbacks are restricted to device-owners,
+ * carrier-privileged apps, or system apps.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class DataUsageRequest implements Parcelable {
+
+    public static final String PARCELABLE_KEY = "DataUsageRequest";
+    public static final int REQUEST_ID_UNSET = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Identifies the request.  {@link DataUsageRequest}s should only be constructed by
+     * the Framework and it is used internally to identify the request.
+     */
+    public final int requestId;
+
+    /**
+     * {@link NetworkTemplate} describing the network to monitor.
+     */
+    public final NetworkTemplate template;
+
+    /**
+     * Threshold in bytes to be notified on.
+     */
+    public final long thresholdInBytes;
+
+    public DataUsageRequest(int requestId, NetworkTemplate template, long thresholdInBytes) {
+        this.requestId = requestId;
+        this.template = template;
+        this.thresholdInBytes = thresholdInBytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(requestId);
+        dest.writeParcelable(template, flags);
+        dest.writeLong(thresholdInBytes);
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<DataUsageRequest> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<DataUsageRequest>() {
+                @Override
+                public DataUsageRequest createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    int requestId = in.readInt();
+                    NetworkTemplate template = in.readParcelable(null, android.net.NetworkTemplate.class);
+                    long thresholdInBytes = in.readLong();
+                    DataUsageRequest result = new DataUsageRequest(requestId, template,
+                            thresholdInBytes);
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public DataUsageRequest[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new DataUsageRequest[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "DataUsageRequest [ requestId=" + requestId
+                + ", networkTemplate=" + template
+                + ", thresholdInBytes=" + thresholdInBytes + " ]";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof DataUsageRequest == false) return false;
+        DataUsageRequest that = (DataUsageRequest) obj;
+        return that.requestId == this.requestId
+                && Objects.equals(that.template, this.template)
+                && that.thresholdInBytes == this.thresholdInBytes;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(requestId, template, thresholdInBytes);
+   }
+
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e02ea89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,729 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresFeature;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.SystemService;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.OutcomeReceiver;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.modules.utils.BackgroundThread;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.IntConsumer;
+
+/**
+ * A class that manages and configures Ethernet interfaces.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+@SystemService(Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE)
+public class EthernetManager {
+    private static final String TAG = "EthernetManager";
+
+    private final IEthernetManager mService;
+    @GuardedBy("mListenerLock")
+    private final ArrayList<ListenerInfo<InterfaceStateListener>> mIfaceListeners =
+            new ArrayList<>();
+    @GuardedBy("mListenerLock")
+    private final ArrayList<ListenerInfo<IntConsumer>> mEthernetStateListeners =
+            new ArrayList<>();
+    final Object mListenerLock = new Object();
+    private final IEthernetServiceListener.Stub mServiceListener =
+            new IEthernetServiceListener.Stub() {
+                @Override
+                public void onEthernetStateChanged(int state) {
+                    synchronized (mListenerLock) {
+                        for (ListenerInfo<IntConsumer> li : mEthernetStateListeners) {
+                            li.executor.execute(() -> {
+                                li.listener.accept(state);
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public void onInterfaceStateChanged(String iface, int state, int role,
+                        IpConfiguration configuration) {
+                    synchronized (mListenerLock) {
+                        for (ListenerInfo<InterfaceStateListener> li : mIfaceListeners) {
+                            li.executor.execute(() ->
+                                    li.listener.onInterfaceStateChanged(iface, state, role,
+                                            configuration));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that Ethernet is disabled.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int ETHERNET_STATE_DISABLED = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that Ethernet is enabled.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int ETHERNET_STATE_ENABLED  = 1;
+
+    private static class ListenerInfo<T> {
+        @NonNull
+        public final Executor executor;
+        @NonNull
+        public final T listener;
+
+        private ListenerInfo(@NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull T listener) {
+            this.executor = executor;
+            this.listener = listener;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The interface is absent.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int STATE_ABSENT = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The interface is present but link is down.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int STATE_LINK_DOWN = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * The interface is present and link is up.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int STATE_LINK_UP = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(prefix = "STATE_", value = {STATE_ABSENT, STATE_LINK_DOWN, STATE_LINK_UP})
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface InterfaceState {}
+
+    /**
+     * The interface currently does not have any specific role.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int ROLE_NONE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The interface is in client mode (e.g., connected to the Internet).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int ROLE_CLIENT = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Ethernet interface is in server mode (e.g., providing Internet access to tethered devices).
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int ROLE_SERVER = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(prefix = "ROLE_", value = {ROLE_NONE, ROLE_CLIENT, ROLE_SERVER})
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface Role {}
+
+    /**
+     * A listener that receives notifications about the state of Ethernet interfaces on the system.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public interface InterfaceStateListener {
+        /**
+         * Called when an Ethernet interface changes state.
+         *
+         * @param iface the name of the interface.
+         * @param state the current state of the interface, or {@link #STATE_ABSENT} if the
+         *              interface was removed.
+         * @param role whether the interface is in client mode or server mode.
+         * @param configuration the current IP configuration of the interface.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        void onInterfaceStateChanged(@NonNull String iface, @InterfaceState int state,
+                @Role int role, @Nullable IpConfiguration configuration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A listener interface to receive notification on changes in Ethernet.
+     * This has never been a supported API. Use {@link InterfaceStateListener} instead.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public interface Listener extends InterfaceStateListener {
+        /**
+         * Called when Ethernet port's availability is changed.
+         * @param iface Ethernet interface name
+         * @param isAvailable {@code true} if Ethernet port exists.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        void onAvailabilityChanged(String iface, boolean isAvailable);
+
+        /** Default implementation for backwards compatibility. Only calls the legacy listener. */
+        default void onInterfaceStateChanged(@NonNull String iface, @InterfaceState int state,
+                @Role int role, @Nullable IpConfiguration configuration) {
+            onAvailabilityChanged(iface, (state >= STATE_LINK_UP));
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new EthernetManager instance.
+     * Applications will almost always want to use
+     * {@link android.content.Context#getSystemService Context.getSystemService()} to retrieve
+     * the standard {@link android.content.Context#ETHERNET_SERVICE Context.ETHERNET_SERVICE}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public EthernetManager(Context context, IEthernetManager service) {
+        mService = service;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get Ethernet configuration.
+     * @return the Ethernet Configuration, contained in {@link IpConfiguration}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public IpConfiguration getConfiguration(String iface) {
+        try {
+            return mService.getConfiguration(iface);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Ethernet configuration.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public void setConfiguration(@NonNull String iface, @NonNull IpConfiguration config) {
+        try {
+            mService.setConfiguration(iface, config);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the system currently has one or more Ethernet interfaces.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public boolean isAvailable() {
+        return getAvailableInterfaces().length > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates whether the system has given interface.
+     *
+     * @param iface Ethernet interface name
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public boolean isAvailable(String iface) {
+        try {
+            return mService.isAvailable(iface);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a listener.
+     * This has never been a supported API. Use {@link #addInterfaceStateListener} instead.
+     *
+     * @param listener A {@link Listener} to add.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the listener is null.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public void addListener(@NonNull Listener listener) {
+        addListener(listener, BackgroundThread.getExecutor());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a listener.
+     * This has never been a supported API. Use {@link #addInterfaceStateListener} instead.
+     *
+     * @param listener A {@link Listener} to add.
+     * @param executor Executor to run callbacks on.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the listener or executor is null.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public void addListener(@NonNull Listener listener, @NonNull Executor executor) {
+        addInterfaceStateListener(executor, listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Listen to changes in the state of Ethernet interfaces.
+     *
+     * Adds a listener to receive notification for any state change of all existing Ethernet
+     * interfaces.
+     * <p>{@link Listener#onInterfaceStateChanged} will be triggered immediately for all
+     * existing interfaces upon adding a listener. The same method will be called on the
+     * listener every time any of the interface changes state. In particular, if an
+     * interface is removed, it will be called with state {@link #STATE_ABSENT}.
+     * <p>Use {@link #removeInterfaceStateListener} with the same object to stop listening.
+     *
+     * @param executor Executor to run callbacks on.
+     * @param listener A {@link Listener} to add.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void addInterfaceStateListener(@NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull InterfaceStateListener listener) {
+        if (listener == null || executor == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException("listener and executor must not be null");
+        }
+        synchronized (mListenerLock) {
+            maybeAddServiceListener();
+            mIfaceListeners.add(new ListenerInfo<InterfaceStateListener>(executor, listener));
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mListenerLock")
+    private void maybeAddServiceListener() {
+        if (!mIfaceListeners.isEmpty() || !mEthernetStateListeners.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        try {
+            mService.addListener(mServiceListener);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of available Ethernet interface names.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public String[] getAvailableInterfaces() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getAvailableInterfaces();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a listener.
+     *
+     * @param listener A {@link Listener} to remove.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void removeInterfaceStateListener(@NonNull InterfaceStateListener listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(listener);
+        synchronized (mListenerLock) {
+            mIfaceListeners.removeIf(l -> l.listener == listener);
+            maybeRemoveServiceListener();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mListenerLock")
+    private void maybeRemoveServiceListener() {
+        if (!mIfaceListeners.isEmpty() || !mEthernetStateListeners.isEmpty()) return;
+
+        try {
+            mService.removeListener(mServiceListener);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a listener.
+     * This has never been a supported API. Use {@link #removeInterfaceStateListener} instead.
+     * @param listener A {@link Listener} to remove.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public void removeListener(@NonNull Listener listener) {
+        if (listener == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("listener must not be null");
+        }
+        removeInterfaceStateListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to treat interfaces created by {@link TestNetworkManager#createTapInterface}
+     * as Ethernet interfaces. The effects of this method apply to any test interfaces that are
+     * already present on the system.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include) {
+        try {
+            mService.setIncludeTestInterfaces(include);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A request for a tethered interface.
+     */
+    public static class TetheredInterfaceRequest {
+        private final IEthernetManager mService;
+        private final ITetheredInterfaceCallback mCb;
+
+        private TetheredInterfaceRequest(@NonNull IEthernetManager service,
+                @NonNull ITetheredInterfaceCallback cb) {
+            this.mService = service;
+            this.mCb = cb;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Release the request, causing the interface to revert back from tethering mode if there
+         * is no other requestor.
+         */
+        public void release() {
+            try {
+                mService.releaseTetheredInterface(mCb);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for {@link #requestTetheredInterface(TetheredInterfaceCallback)}.
+     */
+    public interface TetheredInterfaceCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when the tethered interface is available.
+         * @param iface The name of the interface.
+         */
+        void onAvailable(@NonNull String iface);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the tethered interface is now unavailable.
+         */
+        void onUnavailable();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request a tethered interface in tethering mode.
+     *
+     * <p>When this method is called and there is at least one ethernet interface available, the
+     * system will designate one to act as a tethered interface. If there is already a tethered
+     * interface, the existing interface will be used.
+     * @param callback A callback to be called once the request has been fulfilled.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
+    })
+    @NonNull
+    public TetheredInterfaceRequest requestTetheredInterface(@NonNull final Executor executor,
+            @NonNull final TetheredInterfaceCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "Callback must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Executor must be non-null");
+        final ITetheredInterfaceCallback cbInternal = new ITetheredInterfaceCallback.Stub() {
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(String iface) {
+                executor.execute(() -> callback.onAvailable(iface));
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onUnavailable() {
+                executor.execute(() -> callback.onUnavailable());
+            }
+        };
+
+        try {
+            mService.requestTetheredInterface(cbInternal);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return new TetheredInterfaceRequest(mService, cbInternal);
+    }
+
+    private static final class NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver
+            extends INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver.Stub {
+        @NonNull
+        private final Executor mExecutor;
+        @NonNull
+        private final OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException> mCallback;
+
+        NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
+                @NonNull final Executor executor,
+                @NonNull final OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException>
+                        callback) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Pass a non-null executor");
+            Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "Pass a non-null callback");
+            mExecutor = executor;
+            mCallback = callback;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onResult(@NonNull String iface) {
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onResult(iface));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(@NonNull EthernetNetworkManagementException e) {
+            mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onError(e));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver makeNetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
+            @Nullable final Executor executor,
+            @Nullable final OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException> callback) {
+        if (null != callback) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(executor, "Pass a non-null executor, or a null callback");
+        }
+        final NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver proxy;
+        if (null == callback) {
+            proxy = null;
+        } else {
+            proxy = new NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(executor, callback);
+        }
+        return proxy;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates the configuration of an automotive device's ethernet network.
+     *
+     * The {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest} {@code request} argument describes how to update the
+     * configuration for this network.
+     * Use {@link StaticIpConfiguration.Builder} to build a {@code StaticIpConfiguration} object for
+     * this network to put inside the {@code request}.
+     * Similarly, use {@link NetworkCapabilities.Builder} to build a {@code NetworkCapabilities}
+     * object for this network to put inside the {@code request}.
+     *
+     * This function accepts an {@link OutcomeReceiver} that is called once the operation has
+     * finished execution.
+     *
+     * @param iface the name of the interface to act upon.
+     * @param request the {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest} used to set an ethernet network's
+     *                {@link StaticIpConfiguration} and {@link NetworkCapabilities} values.
+     * @param executor an {@link Executor} to execute the callback on. Optional if callback is null.
+     * @param callback an optional {@link OutcomeReceiver} to listen for completion of the
+     *                 operation. On success, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} is called with the
+     *                 interface name. On error, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} is called with more
+     *                 information about the error.
+     * @throws SecurityException if the process doesn't hold
+     *                          {@link android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}.
+     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if called on a non-automotive device or on an
+     *                                       unsupported interface.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS})
+    public void updateConfiguration(
+            @NonNull String iface,
+            @NonNull EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest request,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException> callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface, "iface must be non-null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request, "request must be non-null");
+        final NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver proxy = makeNetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
+                executor, callback);
+        try {
+            mService.updateConfiguration(iface, request, proxy);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable a network interface.
+     *
+     * Enables a previously disabled network interface.
+     * This function accepts an {@link OutcomeReceiver} that is called once the operation has
+     * finished execution.
+     *
+     * @param iface the name of the interface to enable.
+     * @param executor an {@link Executor} to execute the callback on. Optional if callback is null.
+     * @param callback an optional {@link OutcomeReceiver} to listen for completion of the
+     *                 operation. On success, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} is called with the
+     *                 interface name. On error, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} is called with more
+     *                 information about the error.
+     * @throws SecurityException if the process doesn't hold
+     *                          {@link android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS})
+    @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
+    public void enableInterface(
+            @NonNull String iface,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException> callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface, "iface must be non-null");
+        final NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver proxy = makeNetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
+                executor, callback);
+        try {
+            mService.connectNetwork(iface, proxy);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable a network interface.
+     *
+     * Disables the use of a network interface to fulfill network requests. If the interface
+     * currently serves a request, the network will be torn down.
+     * This function accepts an {@link OutcomeReceiver} that is called once the operation has
+     * finished execution.
+     *
+     * @param iface the name of the interface to disable.
+     * @param executor an {@link Executor} to execute the callback on. Optional if callback is null.
+     * @param callback an optional {@link OutcomeReceiver} to listen for completion of the
+     *                 operation. On success, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onResult} is called with the
+     *                 interface name. On error, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} is called with more
+     *                 information about the error.
+     * @throws SecurityException if the process doesn't hold
+     *                          {@link android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_ETHERNET_NETWORKS})
+    @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
+    public void disableInterface(
+            @NonNull String iface,
+            @Nullable @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @Nullable OutcomeReceiver<String, EthernetNetworkManagementException> callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface, "iface must be non-null");
+        final NetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver proxy = makeNetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver(
+                executor, callback);
+        try {
+            mService.disconnectNetwork(iface, proxy);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Change ethernet setting.
+     *
+     * @param enabled enable or disable ethernet settings.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+            NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void setEthernetEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+        try {
+            mService.setEthernetEnabled(enabled);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Listen to changes in the state of ethernet.
+     *
+     * @param executor to run callbacks on.
+     * @param listener to listen ethernet state changed.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void addEthernetStateListener(@NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull IntConsumer listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(listener);
+        synchronized (mListenerLock) {
+            maybeAddServiceListener();
+            mEthernetStateListeners.add(new ListenerInfo<IntConsumer>(executor, listener));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a listener.
+     *
+     * @param listener to listen ethernet state changed.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public void removeEthernetStateListener(@NonNull IntConsumer listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(listener);
+        synchronized (mListenerLock) {
+            mEthernetStateListeners.removeIf(l -> l.listener == listener);
+            maybeRemoveServiceListener();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns an array of existing Ethernet interface names regardless whether the interface
+     * is available or not currently.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull
+    public List<String> getInterfaceList() {
+        try {
+            return mService.getInterfaceList();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adf9e5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ package android.net;
+
+ parcelable EthernetNetworkManagementException;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a69cc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkManagementException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** @hide */
+@SystemApi
+public final class EthernetNetworkManagementException
+        extends RuntimeException implements Parcelable {
+
+    /* @hide */
+    public EthernetNetworkManagementException(@NonNull final String errorMessage) {
+        super(errorMessage);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+        if (this == obj) return true;
+        if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) return false;
+        final EthernetNetworkManagementException that = (EthernetNetworkManagementException) obj;
+
+        return Objects.equals(getMessage(), that.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeString(getMessage());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<EthernetNetworkManagementException> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<EthernetNetworkManagementException>() {
+                @Override
+                public EthernetNetworkManagementException[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new EthernetNetworkManagementException[size];
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public EthernetNetworkManagementException createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel source) {
+                    return new EthernetNetworkManagementException(source.readString());
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkSpecifier.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkSpecifier.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4d6e24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkSpecifier.java
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A {@link NetworkSpecifier} used to identify ethernet interfaces.
+ *
+ * @see EthernetManager
+ */
+public final class EthernetNetworkSpecifier extends NetworkSpecifier implements Parcelable {
+
+    /**
+     * Name of the network interface.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mInterfaceName;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new EthernetNetworkSpecifier.
+     * @param interfaceName Name of the ethernet interface the specifier refers to.
+     */
+    public EthernetNetworkSpecifier(@NonNull String interfaceName) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(interfaceName)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
+        }
+        mInterfaceName = interfaceName;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the name of the ethernet interface the specifier refers to.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getInterfaceName() {
+        // This may be null in the future to support specifiers based on data other than the
+        // interface name.
+        return mInterfaceName;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public boolean canBeSatisfiedBy(@Nullable NetworkSpecifier other) {
+        return equals(other);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+        if (!(o instanceof EthernetNetworkSpecifier)) return false;
+        return TextUtils.equals(mInterfaceName, ((EthernetNetworkSpecifier) o).mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hashCode(mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "EthernetNetworkSpecifier (" + mInterfaceName + ")";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeString(mInterfaceName);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Parcelable.Creator<EthernetNetworkSpecifier> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<EthernetNetworkSpecifier>() {
+        public EthernetNetworkSpecifier createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new EthernetNetworkSpecifier(in.readString());
+        }
+        public EthernetNetworkSpecifier[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new EthernetNetworkSpecifier[size];
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..debc348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+ package android.net;
+
+ parcelable EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1691942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a request to update an existing Ethernet interface.
+ *
+ * @see EthernetManager#updateConfiguration
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public final class EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest implements Parcelable {
+    @Nullable
+    private final IpConfiguration mIpConfig;
+    @Nullable
+    private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+    /**
+     * Setting the {@link IpConfiguration} is optional in {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest}.
+     * When set to null, the existing IpConfiguration is not updated.
+     *
+     * @return the new {@link IpConfiguration} or null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public IpConfiguration getIpConfiguration() {
+        return mIpConfig == null ? null : new IpConfiguration(mIpConfig);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Setting the {@link NetworkCapabilities} is optional in {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest}.
+     * When set to null, the existing NetworkCapabilities are not updated.
+     *
+     * @return the new {@link NetworkCapabilities} or null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities() {
+        return mNetworkCapabilities == null ? null : new NetworkCapabilities(mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    private EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest(@Nullable final IpConfiguration ipConfig,
+            @Nullable final NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {
+        mIpConfig = ipConfig;
+        mNetworkCapabilities = networkCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    private EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest(@NonNull final Parcel source) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(source);
+        mIpConfig = source.readParcelable(IpConfiguration.class.getClassLoader(),
+                IpConfiguration.class);
+        mNetworkCapabilities = source.readParcelable(NetworkCapabilities.class.getClassLoader(),
+                NetworkCapabilities.class);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder used to create {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest} objects.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        @Nullable
+        private IpConfiguration mBuilderIpConfig;
+        @Nullable
+        private NetworkCapabilities mBuilderNetworkCapabilities;
+
+        public Builder(){}
+
+        /**
+         * Constructor to populate the builder's values with an already built
+         * {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest}.
+         * @param request the {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest} to populate with.
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull final EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest request) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(request);
+            mBuilderIpConfig = null == request.mIpConfig
+                    ? null : new IpConfiguration(request.mIpConfig);
+            mBuilderNetworkCapabilities = null == request.mNetworkCapabilities
+                    ? null : new NetworkCapabilities(request.mNetworkCapabilities);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the {@link IpConfiguration} to be used with the {@code Builder}.
+         * @param ipConfig the {@link IpConfiguration} to set.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setIpConfiguration(@Nullable final IpConfiguration ipConfig) {
+            mBuilderIpConfig = ipConfig == null ? null : new IpConfiguration(ipConfig);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the {@link NetworkCapabilities} to be used with the {@code Builder}.
+         * @param nc the {@link NetworkCapabilities} to set.
+         * @return The builder to facilitate chaining.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNetworkCapabilities(@Nullable final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+            mBuilderNetworkCapabilities = nc == null ? null : new NetworkCapabilities(nc);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Build {@link EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest} return the current update request.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalStateException when both mBuilderNetworkCapabilities and mBuilderIpConfig
+         *                               are null.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest build() {
+            if (mBuilderIpConfig == null && mBuilderNetworkCapabilities == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Cannot construct an empty EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest");
+            }
+            return new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest(mBuilderIpConfig, mBuilderNetworkCapabilities);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest{"
+                + "mIpConfig=" + mIpConfig
+                + ", mNetworkCapabilities=" + mNetworkCapabilities + '}';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
+        EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest that = (EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest) o;
+
+        return Objects.equals(that.getIpConfiguration(), mIpConfig)
+                && Objects.equals(that.getNetworkCapabilities(), mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mIpConfig, mNetworkCapabilities);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeParcelable(mIpConfig, flags);
+        dest.writeParcelable(mNetworkCapabilities, flags);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest>() {
+                @Override
+                public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest[size];
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel source) {
+                    return new EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest(source);
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42e4c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetManager.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.IpConfiguration;
+import android.net.IEthernetServiceListener;
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException;
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest;
+import android.net.INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver;
+import android.net.ITetheredInterfaceCallback;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Interface that answers queries about, and allows changing
+ * ethernet configuration.
+ */
+/** {@hide} */
+interface IEthernetManager
+{
+    String[] getAvailableInterfaces();
+    IpConfiguration getConfiguration(String iface);
+    void setConfiguration(String iface, in IpConfiguration config);
+    boolean isAvailable(String iface);
+    void addListener(in IEthernetServiceListener listener);
+    void removeListener(in IEthernetServiceListener listener);
+    void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include);
+    void requestTetheredInterface(in ITetheredInterfaceCallback callback);
+    void releaseTetheredInterface(in ITetheredInterfaceCallback callback);
+    void updateConfiguration(String iface, in EthernetNetworkUpdateRequest request,
+        in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
+    void connectNetwork(String iface, in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
+    void disconnectNetwork(String iface, in INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver listener);
+    void setEthernetEnabled(boolean enabled);
+    List<String> getInterfaceList();
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetServiceListener.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetServiceListener.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..751605b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IEthernetServiceListener.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.IpConfiguration;
+
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface IEthernetServiceListener
+{
+    void onEthernetStateChanged(int state);
+    void onInterfaceStateChanged(String iface, int state, int role,
+            in IpConfiguration configuration);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..933256a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IIpSecService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+** Copyright 2017, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.IpSecConfig;
+import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+interface IIpSecService
+{
+    IpSecSpiResponse allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+            in String destinationAddress, int requestedSpi, in IBinder binder);
+
+    void releaseSecurityParameterIndex(int resourceId);
+
+    IpSecUdpEncapResponse openUdpEncapsulationSocket(int port, in IBinder binder);
+
+    void closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(int resourceId);
+
+    IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelInterface(
+            in String localAddr,
+            in String remoteAddr,
+            in Network underlyingNetwork,
+            in IBinder binder,
+            in String callingPackage);
+
+    void addAddressToTunnelInterface(
+            int tunnelResourceId,
+            in LinkAddress localAddr,
+            in String callingPackage);
+
+    void removeAddressFromTunnelInterface(
+            int tunnelResourceId,
+            in LinkAddress localAddr,
+            in String callingPackage);
+
+    void setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+            int tunnelResourceId, in Network underlyingNetwork, in String callingPackage);
+
+    void deleteTunnelInterface(int resourceId, in String callingPackage);
+
+    IpSecTransformResponse createTransform(
+            in IpSecConfig c, in IBinder binder, in String callingPackage);
+
+    void deleteTransform(int transformId);
+
+    void applyTransportModeTransform(
+            in ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int direction, int transformId);
+
+    void applyTunnelModeTransform(
+            int tunnelResourceId, int direction, int transformResourceId, in String callingPackage);
+
+    void removeTransportModeTransforms(in ParcelFileDescriptor socket);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85795ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.EthernetNetworkManagementException;
+
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface INetworkInterfaceOutcomeReceiver {
+    void onResult(in String iface);
+    void onError(in EthernetNetworkManagementException e);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c86f7fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+
+/** {@hide} */
+interface INetworkStatsService {
+
+    /** Start a statistics query session. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    INetworkStatsSession openSession();
+
+    /** Start a statistics query session. If calling package is profile or device owner then it is
+     *  granted automatic access if apiLevel is NetworkStatsManager.API_LEVEL_DPC_ALLOWED. If
+     *  apiLevel is at least NetworkStatsManager.API_LEVEL_REQUIRES_PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS then
+     *  PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS permission is always checked. If PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS is not granted
+     *  READ_NETWORK_USAGE_STATS is checked for.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = 30, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    INetworkStatsSession openSessionForUsageStats(int flags, String callingPackage);
+
+    /** Return data layer snapshot of UID network usage. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkStats getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(int uid);
+
+    /** Get the transport NetworkStats for all UIDs since boot. */
+    NetworkStats getUidStatsForTransport(int transport);
+
+    /** Return set of any ifaces associated with mobile networks since boot. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    String[] getMobileIfaces();
+
+    /** Increment data layer count of operations performed for UID and tag. */
+    void incrementOperationCount(int uid, int tag, int operationCount);
+
+    /**  Notify {@code NetworkStatsService} about network status changed. */
+    void notifyNetworkStatus(
+         in Network[] defaultNetworks,
+         in NetworkStateSnapshot[] snapshots,
+         in String activeIface,
+         in UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos);
+    /** Force update of statistics. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    void forceUpdate();
+
+    /** Registers a callback on data usage. */
+    DataUsageRequest registerUsageCallback(String callingPackage,
+            in DataUsageRequest request, in IUsageCallback callback);
+
+    /** Unregisters a callback on data usage. */
+    void unregisterUsageRequest(in DataUsageRequest request);
+
+    /** Get the uid stats information since boot */
+    long getUidStats(int uid, int type);
+
+    /** Get the iface stats information since boot */
+    long getIfaceStats(String iface, int type);
+
+    /** Get the total network stats information since boot */
+    long getTotalStats(int type);
+
+    /** Registers a network stats provider */
+    INetworkStatsProviderCallback registerNetworkStatsProvider(String tag,
+            in INetworkStatsProvider provider);
+
+    /** Mark given UID as being in foreground for stats purposes. */
+    void noteUidForeground(int uid, boolean uidForeground);
+
+    /** Advise persistence threshold; may be overridden internally. */
+    void advisePersistThreshold(long thresholdBytes);
+
+    /**
+     * Set the warning and limit to all registered custom network stats providers.
+     * Note that invocation of any interface will be sent to all providers.
+     */
+     void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(String iface, long warning, long limit);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsSession.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsSession.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab70be8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/INetworkStatsSession.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+
+/** {@hide} */
+interface INetworkStatsSession {
+
+    /** Return device aggregated network layer usage summary for traffic that matches template. */
+    NetworkStats getDeviceSummaryForNetwork(in NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end);
+
+    /** Return network layer usage summary for traffic that matches template. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkStats getSummaryForNetwork(in NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end);
+    /** Return historical network layer stats for traffic that matches template. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryForNetwork(in NetworkTemplate template, int fields);
+    /**
+     * Return historical network layer stats for traffic that matches template, start and end
+     * timestamp.
+     */
+    NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(in NetworkTemplate template, int fields, long start, long end);
+
+    /**
+     * Return network layer usage summary per UID for traffic that matches template.
+     *
+     * <p>The resulting {@code NetworkStats#getElapsedRealtime()} contains time delta between
+     * {@code start} and {@code end}.
+     *
+     * @param template - a predicate to filter netstats.
+     * @param start - start of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param end - end of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param includeTags - includes data usage tags if true.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkStats getSummaryForAllUid(in NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end, boolean includeTags);
+
+    /** Return network layer usage summary per UID for tagged traffic that matches template. */
+    NetworkStats getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(in NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end);
+
+    /** Return historical network layer stats for specific UID traffic that matches template. */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryForUid(in NetworkTemplate template, int uid, int set, int tag, int fields);
+    /** Return historical network layer stats for specific UID traffic that matches template. */
+    NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryIntervalForUid(in NetworkTemplate template, int uid, int set, int tag, int fields, long start, long end);
+
+    /** Return array of uids that have stats and are accessible to the calling user */
+    int[] getRelevantUids();
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    void close();
+
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/ITetheredInterfaceCallback.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/ITetheredInterfaceCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14aa023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/ITetheredInterfaceCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+oneway interface ITetheredInterfaceCallback {
+    void onAvailable(in String iface);
+    void onUnavailable();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecAlgorithm.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecAlgorithm.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10a22ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecAlgorithm.java
@@ -0,0 +1,491 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.StringDef;
+import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a single algorithm that can be used by an {@link IpSecTransform}.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4301">RFC 4301, Security Architecture for the
+ * Internet Protocol</a>
+ */
+public final class IpSecAlgorithm implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecAlgorithm";
+
+    /**
+     * Null cipher.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String CRYPT_NULL = "ecb(cipher_null)";
+
+    /**
+     * AES-CBC Encryption/Ciphering Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid lengths for this key are {128, 192, 256}.
+     */
+    public static final String CRYPT_AES_CBC = "cbc(aes)";
+
+    /**
+     * AES-CTR Encryption/Ciphering Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid lengths for keying material are {160, 224, 288}.
+     *
+     * <p>As per <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3686#section-5.1">RFC3686 (Section
+     * 5.1)</a>, keying material consists of a 128, 192, or 256 bit AES key followed by a 32-bit
+     * nonce. RFC compliance requires that the nonce must be unique per security association.
+     *
+     * <p>This algorithm may be available on the device. Caller MUST check if it is supported before
+     * using it by calling {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()} and checking if this algorithm is
+     * included in the returned algorithm set. The returned algorithm set will not change unless the
+     * device is rebooted. {@link IllegalArgumentException} will be thrown if this algorithm is
+     * requested on an unsupported device.
+     *
+     * <p>@see {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()}
+     */
+    // This algorithm may be available on devices released before Android 12, and is guaranteed
+    // to be available on devices first shipped with Android 12 or later.
+    public static final String CRYPT_AES_CTR = "rfc3686(ctr(aes))";
+
+    /**
+     * MD5 HMAC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm. <b>This algorithm is not recommended for use in
+     * new applications and is provided for legacy compatibility with 3gpp infrastructure.</b>
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 128 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid truncation lengths are multiples of 8 bits from 96 to 128.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTH_HMAC_MD5 = "hmac(md5)";
+
+    /**
+     * SHA1 HMAC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm. <b>This algorithm is not recommended for use in
+     * new applications and is provided for legacy compatibility with 3gpp infrastructure.</b>
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 160 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid truncation lengths are multiples of 8 bits from 96 to 160.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA1 = "hmac(sha1)";
+
+    /**
+     * SHA256 HMAC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 256 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid truncation lengths are multiples of 8 bits from 96 to 256.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA256 = "hmac(sha256)";
+
+    /**
+     * SHA384 HMAC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 384 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid truncation lengths are multiples of 8 bits from 192 to 384.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA384 = "hmac(sha384)";
+
+    /**
+     * SHA512 HMAC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 512 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid truncation lengths are multiples of 8 bits from 256 to 512.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTH_HMAC_SHA512 = "hmac(sha512)";
+
+    /**
+     * AES-XCBC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 128 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>The only valid truncation length is 96 bits.
+     *
+     * <p>This algorithm may be available on the device. Caller MUST check if it is supported before
+     * using it by calling {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()} and checking if this algorithm is
+     * included in the returned algorithm set. The returned algorithm set will not change unless the
+     * device is rebooted. {@link IllegalArgumentException} will be thrown if this algorithm is
+     * requested on an unsupported device.
+     *
+     * <p>@see {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()}
+     */
+    // This algorithm may be available on devices released before Android 12, and is guaranteed
+    // to be available on devices first shipped with Android 12 or later.
+    public static final String AUTH_AES_XCBC = "xcbc(aes)";
+
+    /**
+     * AES-CMAC Authentication/Integrity Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 128 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>The only valid truncation length is 96 bits.
+     *
+     * <p>This algorithm may be available on the device. Caller MUST check if it is supported before
+     * using it by calling {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()} and checking if this algorithm is
+     * included in the returned algorithm set. The returned algorithm set will not change unless the
+     * device is rebooted. {@link IllegalArgumentException} will be thrown if this algorithm is
+     * requested on an unsupported device.
+     *
+     * <p>@see {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()}
+     */
+    // This algorithm may be available on devices released before Android 12, and is guaranteed
+    // to be available on devices first shipped with Android 12 or later.
+    public static final String AUTH_AES_CMAC = "cmac(aes)";
+
+    /**
+     * AES-GCM Authentication/Integrity + Encryption/Ciphering Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid lengths for keying material are {160, 224, 288}.
+     *
+     * <p>As per <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4106#section-8.1">RFC4106 (Section
+     * 8.1)</a>, keying material consists of a 128, 192, or 256 bit AES key followed by a 32-bit
+     * salt. RFC compliance requires that the salt must be unique per invocation with the same key.
+     *
+     * <p>Valid ICV (truncation) lengths are {64, 96, 128}.
+     */
+    public static final String AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM = "rfc4106(gcm(aes))";
+
+    /**
+     * ChaCha20-Poly1305 Authentication/Integrity + Encryption/Ciphering Algorithm.
+     *
+     * <p>Keys for this algorithm must be 288 bits in length.
+     *
+     * <p>As per <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7634#section-2">RFC7634 (Section 2)</a>,
+     * keying material consists of a 256 bit key followed by a 32-bit salt. The salt is fixed per
+     * security association.
+     *
+     * <p>The only valid ICV (truncation) length is 128 bits.
+     *
+     * <p>This algorithm may be available on the device. Caller MUST check if it is supported before
+     * using it by calling {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()} and checking if this algorithm is
+     * included in the returned algorithm set. The returned algorithm set will not change unless the
+     * device is rebooted. {@link IllegalArgumentException} will be thrown if this algorithm is
+     * requested on an unsupported device.
+     *
+     * <p>@see {@link #getSupportedAlgorithms()}
+     */
+    // This algorithm may be available on devices released before Android 12, and is guaranteed
+    // to be available on devices first shipped with Android 12 or later.
+    public static final String AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305 = "rfc7539esp(chacha20,poly1305)";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @StringDef({
+        CRYPT_AES_CBC,
+        CRYPT_AES_CTR,
+        AUTH_HMAC_MD5,
+        AUTH_HMAC_SHA1,
+        AUTH_HMAC_SHA256,
+        AUTH_HMAC_SHA384,
+        AUTH_HMAC_SHA512,
+        AUTH_AES_XCBC,
+        AUTH_AES_CMAC,
+        AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM,
+        AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface AlgorithmName {}
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final Map<String, Integer> ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK = new HashMap<>();
+
+    private static final int SDK_VERSION_ZERO = 0;
+
+    static {
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(CRYPT_AES_CBC, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_HMAC_MD5, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA1, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA256, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA384, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_HMAC_SHA512, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM, SDK_VERSION_ZERO);
+
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(CRYPT_AES_CTR, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_AES_XCBC, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_AES_CMAC, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+        ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.put(AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305, Build.VERSION_CODES.S);
+    }
+
+    private static final Set<String> ENABLED_ALGOS =
+            Collections.unmodifiableSet(loadAlgos(Resources.getSystem()));
+
+    private final String mName;
+    private final byte[] mKey;
+    private final int mTruncLenBits;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an IpSecAlgorithm of one of the supported types. Supported algorithm names are
+     * defined as constants in this class.
+     *
+     * <p>For algorithms that produce an integrity check value, the truncation length is a required
+     * parameter. See {@link #IpSecAlgorithm(String algorithm, byte[] key, int truncLenBits)}
+     *
+     * @param algorithm name of the algorithm.
+     * @param key key padded to a multiple of 8 bits.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if algorithm or key length is invalid.
+     */
+    public IpSecAlgorithm(@NonNull @AlgorithmName String algorithm, @NonNull byte[] key) {
+        this(algorithm, key, 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an IpSecAlgorithm of one of the supported types. Supported algorithm names are
+     * defined as constants in this class.
+     *
+     * <p>This constructor only supports algorithms that use a truncation length. i.e.
+     * Authentication and Authenticated Encryption algorithms.
+     *
+     * @param algorithm name of the algorithm.
+     * @param key key padded to a multiple of 8 bits.
+     * @param truncLenBits number of bits of output hash to use.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if algorithm, key length or truncation length is invalid.
+     */
+    public IpSecAlgorithm(
+            @NonNull @AlgorithmName String algorithm, @NonNull byte[] key, int truncLenBits) {
+        mName = algorithm;
+        mKey = key.clone();
+        mTruncLenBits = truncLenBits;
+        checkValidOrThrow(mName, mKey.length * 8, mTruncLenBits);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the algorithm name */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getName() {
+        return mName;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the key for this algorithm */
+    @NonNull
+    public byte[] getKey() {
+        return mKey.clone();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the truncation length of this algorithm, in bits */
+    public int getTruncationLengthBits() {
+        return mTruncLenBits;
+    }
+
+    /** Parcelable Implementation */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Write to parcel */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeString(mName);
+        out.writeByteArray(mKey);
+        out.writeInt(mTruncLenBits);
+    }
+
+    /** Parcelable Creator */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<IpSecAlgorithm> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecAlgorithm>() {
+                public IpSecAlgorithm createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    final String name = in.readString();
+                    final byte[] key = in.createByteArray();
+                    final int truncLenBits = in.readInt();
+
+                    return new IpSecAlgorithm(name, key, truncLenBits);
+                }
+
+                public IpSecAlgorithm[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecAlgorithm[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /**
+     * Returns supported IPsec algorithms for the current device.
+     *
+     * <p>Some algorithms may not be supported on old devices. Callers MUST check if an algorithm is
+     * supported before using it.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static Set<String> getSupportedAlgorithms() {
+        return ENABLED_ALGOS;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static Set<String> loadAlgos(Resources systemResources) {
+        final Set<String> enabledAlgos = new HashSet<>();
+
+        // Load and validate the optional algorithm resource. Undefined or duplicate algorithms in
+        // the resource are not allowed.
+        final String[] resourceAlgos = systemResources.getStringArray(
+                android.R.array.config_optionalIpSecAlgorithms);
+        for (String str : resourceAlgos) {
+            if (!ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.containsKey(str) || !enabledAlgos.add(str)) {
+                // This error should be caught by CTS and never be thrown to API callers
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid or repeated algorithm " + str);
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (Entry<String, Integer> entry : ALGO_TO_REQUIRED_FIRST_SDK.entrySet()) {
+            if (Build.VERSION.DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT >= entry.getValue()) {
+                enabledAlgos.add(entry.getKey());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return enabledAlgos;
+    }
+
+    private static void checkValidOrThrow(String name, int keyLen, int truncLen) {
+        final boolean isValidLen;
+        final boolean isValidTruncLen;
+
+        if (!getSupportedAlgorithms().contains(name)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported algorithm: " + name);
+        }
+
+        switch (name) {
+            case CRYPT_AES_CBC:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 128 || keyLen == 192 || keyLen == 256;
+                isValidTruncLen = true;
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_AES_CTR:
+                // The keying material for AES-CTR is a key plus a 32-bit salt
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 128 + 32 || keyLen == 192 + 32 || keyLen == 256 + 32;
+                isValidTruncLen = true;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_HMAC_MD5:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 128;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen >= 96 && truncLen <= 128;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA1:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 160;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen >= 96 && truncLen <= 160;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA256:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 256;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen >= 96 && truncLen <= 256;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA384:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 384;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen >= 192 && truncLen <= 384;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA512:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 512;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen >= 256 && truncLen <= 512;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_AES_XCBC:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 128;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen == 96;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_AES_CMAC:
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 128;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen == 96;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM:
+                // The keying material for GCM is a key plus a 32-bit salt
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 128 + 32 || keyLen == 192 + 32 || keyLen == 256 + 32;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen == 64 || truncLen == 96 || truncLen == 128;
+                break;
+            case AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305:
+                // The keying material for ChaCha20Poly1305 is a key plus a 32-bit salt
+                isValidLen = keyLen == 256 + 32;
+                isValidTruncLen = truncLen == 128;
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Should never hit here.
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Couldn't find an algorithm: " + name);
+        }
+
+        if (!isValidLen) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid key material keyLength: " + keyLen);
+        }
+        if (!isValidTruncLen) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid truncation keyLength: " + truncLen);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean isAuthentication() {
+        switch (getName()) {
+            // Fallthrough
+            case AUTH_HMAC_MD5:
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA1:
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA256:
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA384:
+            case AUTH_HMAC_SHA512:
+            case AUTH_AES_XCBC:
+            case AUTH_AES_CMAC:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean isEncryption() {
+        switch (getName()) {
+            case CRYPT_AES_CBC: // fallthrough
+            case CRYPT_AES_CTR:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean isAead() {
+        switch (getName()) {
+            case AUTH_CRYPT_AES_GCM: // fallthrough
+            case AUTH_CRYPT_CHACHA20_POLY1305:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    @NonNull
+    public String toString() {
+        return new StringBuilder()
+                .append("{mName=")
+                .append(mName)
+                .append(", mTruncLenBits=")
+                .append(mTruncLenBits)
+                .append("}")
+                .toString();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static boolean equals(IpSecAlgorithm lhs, IpSecAlgorithm rhs) {
+        if (lhs == null || rhs == null) return (lhs == rhs);
+        return (lhs.mName.equals(rhs.mName)
+                && Arrays.equals(lhs.mKey, rhs.mKey)
+                && lhs.mTruncLenBits == rhs.mTruncLenBits);
+    }
+};
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecConfig.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecConfig.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eaefca7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecConfig.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+parcelable IpSecConfig;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecConfig.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecConfig.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03bb187
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecConfig.java
@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+/**
+ * This class encapsulates all the configuration parameters needed to create IPsec transforms and
+ * policies.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class IpSecConfig implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecConfig";
+
+    // MODE_TRANSPORT or MODE_TUNNEL
+    private int mMode = IpSecTransform.MODE_TRANSPORT;
+
+    // Preventing this from being null simplifies Java->Native binder
+    private String mSourceAddress = "";
+
+    // Preventing this from being null simplifies Java->Native binder
+    private String mDestinationAddress = "";
+
+    // The underlying Network that represents the "gateway" Network
+    // for outbound packets. It may also be used to select packets.
+    private Network mNetwork;
+
+    // Minimum requirements for identifying a transform
+    // SPI identifying the IPsec SA in packet processing
+    // and a destination IP address
+    private int mSpiResourceId = IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+
+    // Encryption Algorithm
+    private IpSecAlgorithm mEncryption;
+
+    // Authentication Algorithm
+    private IpSecAlgorithm mAuthentication;
+
+    // Authenticated Encryption Algorithm
+    private IpSecAlgorithm mAuthenticatedEncryption;
+
+    // For tunnel mode IPv4 UDP Encapsulation
+    // IpSecTransform#ENCAP_ESP_*, such as ENCAP_ESP_OVER_UDP_IKE
+    private int mEncapType = IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE;
+    private int mEncapSocketResourceId = IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+    private int mEncapRemotePort;
+
+    // An interval, in seconds between the NattKeepalive packets
+    private int mNattKeepaliveInterval;
+
+    // XFRM mark and mask; defaults to 0 (no mark/mask)
+    private int mMarkValue;
+    private int mMarkMask;
+
+    // XFRM interface id
+    private int mXfrmInterfaceId;
+
+    /** Set the mode for this IPsec transform */
+    public void setMode(int mode) {
+        mMode = mode;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the source IP addres for this IPsec transform */
+    public void setSourceAddress(String sourceAddress) {
+        mSourceAddress = sourceAddress;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the destination IP address for this IPsec transform */
+    public void setDestinationAddress(String destinationAddress) {
+        mDestinationAddress = destinationAddress;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the SPI by resource ID */
+    public void setSpiResourceId(int resourceId) {
+        mSpiResourceId = resourceId;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the encryption algorithm */
+    public void setEncryption(IpSecAlgorithm encryption) {
+        mEncryption = encryption;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the authentication algorithm */
+    public void setAuthentication(IpSecAlgorithm authentication) {
+        mAuthentication = authentication;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the authenticated encryption algorithm */
+    public void setAuthenticatedEncryption(IpSecAlgorithm authenticatedEncryption) {
+        mAuthenticatedEncryption = authenticatedEncryption;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the underlying network that will carry traffic for this transform */
+    public void setNetwork(Network network) {
+        mNetwork = network;
+    }
+
+    public void setEncapType(int encapType) {
+        mEncapType = encapType;
+    }
+
+    public void setEncapSocketResourceId(int resourceId) {
+        mEncapSocketResourceId = resourceId;
+    }
+
+    public void setEncapRemotePort(int port) {
+        mEncapRemotePort = port;
+    }
+
+    public void setNattKeepaliveInterval(int interval) {
+        mNattKeepaliveInterval = interval;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the mark value
+     *
+     * <p>Internal (System server) use only. Marks passed in by users will be overwritten or
+     * ignored.
+     */
+    public void setMarkValue(int mark) {
+        mMarkValue = mark;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the mark mask
+     *
+     * <p>Internal (System server) use only. Marks passed in by users will be overwritten or
+     * ignored.
+     */
+    public void setMarkMask(int mask) {
+        mMarkMask = mask;
+    }
+
+    public void setXfrmInterfaceId(int xfrmInterfaceId) {
+        mXfrmInterfaceId = xfrmInterfaceId;
+    }
+
+    // Transport or Tunnel
+    public int getMode() {
+        return mMode;
+    }
+
+    public String getSourceAddress() {
+        return mSourceAddress;
+    }
+
+    public int getSpiResourceId() {
+        return mSpiResourceId;
+    }
+
+    public String getDestinationAddress() {
+        return mDestinationAddress;
+    }
+
+    public IpSecAlgorithm getEncryption() {
+        return mEncryption;
+    }
+
+    public IpSecAlgorithm getAuthentication() {
+        return mAuthentication;
+    }
+
+    public IpSecAlgorithm getAuthenticatedEncryption() {
+        return mAuthenticatedEncryption;
+    }
+
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    public int getEncapType() {
+        return mEncapType;
+    }
+
+    public int getEncapSocketResourceId() {
+        return mEncapSocketResourceId;
+    }
+
+    public int getEncapRemotePort() {
+        return mEncapRemotePort;
+    }
+
+    public int getNattKeepaliveInterval() {
+        return mNattKeepaliveInterval;
+    }
+
+    public int getMarkValue() {
+        return mMarkValue;
+    }
+
+    public int getMarkMask() {
+        return mMarkMask;
+    }
+
+    public int getXfrmInterfaceId() {
+        return mXfrmInterfaceId;
+    }
+
+    // Parcelable Methods
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(mMode);
+        out.writeString(mSourceAddress);
+        out.writeString(mDestinationAddress);
+        out.writeParcelable(mNetwork, flags);
+        out.writeInt(mSpiResourceId);
+        out.writeParcelable(mEncryption, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(mAuthentication, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(mAuthenticatedEncryption, flags);
+        out.writeInt(mEncapType);
+        out.writeInt(mEncapSocketResourceId);
+        out.writeInt(mEncapRemotePort);
+        out.writeInt(mNattKeepaliveInterval);
+        out.writeInt(mMarkValue);
+        out.writeInt(mMarkMask);
+        out.writeInt(mXfrmInterfaceId);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IpSecConfig() {}
+
+    /** Copy constructor */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IpSecConfig(IpSecConfig c) {
+        mMode = c.mMode;
+        mSourceAddress = c.mSourceAddress;
+        mDestinationAddress = c.mDestinationAddress;
+        mNetwork = c.mNetwork;
+        mSpiResourceId = c.mSpiResourceId;
+        mEncryption = c.mEncryption;
+        mAuthentication = c.mAuthentication;
+        mAuthenticatedEncryption = c.mAuthenticatedEncryption;
+        mEncapType = c.mEncapType;
+        mEncapSocketResourceId = c.mEncapSocketResourceId;
+        mEncapRemotePort = c.mEncapRemotePort;
+        mNattKeepaliveInterval = c.mNattKeepaliveInterval;
+        mMarkValue = c.mMarkValue;
+        mMarkMask = c.mMarkMask;
+        mXfrmInterfaceId = c.mXfrmInterfaceId;
+    }
+
+    private IpSecConfig(Parcel in) {
+        mMode = in.readInt();
+        mSourceAddress = in.readString();
+        mDestinationAddress = in.readString();
+        mNetwork = (Network) in.readParcelable(Network.class.getClassLoader(), android.net.Network.class);
+        mSpiResourceId = in.readInt();
+        mEncryption =
+                (IpSecAlgorithm) in.readParcelable(IpSecAlgorithm.class.getClassLoader(), android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.class);
+        mAuthentication =
+                (IpSecAlgorithm) in.readParcelable(IpSecAlgorithm.class.getClassLoader(), android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.class);
+        mAuthenticatedEncryption =
+                (IpSecAlgorithm) in.readParcelable(IpSecAlgorithm.class.getClassLoader(), android.net.IpSecAlgorithm.class);
+        mEncapType = in.readInt();
+        mEncapSocketResourceId = in.readInt();
+        mEncapRemotePort = in.readInt();
+        mNattKeepaliveInterval = in.readInt();
+        mMarkValue = in.readInt();
+        mMarkMask = in.readInt();
+        mXfrmInterfaceId = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        strBuilder
+                .append("{mMode=")
+                .append(mMode == IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL ? "TUNNEL" : "TRANSPORT")
+                .append(", mSourceAddress=")
+                .append(mSourceAddress)
+                .append(", mDestinationAddress=")
+                .append(mDestinationAddress)
+                .append(", mNetwork=")
+                .append(mNetwork)
+                .append(", mEncapType=")
+                .append(mEncapType)
+                .append(", mEncapSocketResourceId=")
+                .append(mEncapSocketResourceId)
+                .append(", mEncapRemotePort=")
+                .append(mEncapRemotePort)
+                .append(", mNattKeepaliveInterval=")
+                .append(mNattKeepaliveInterval)
+                .append("{mSpiResourceId=")
+                .append(mSpiResourceId)
+                .append(", mEncryption=")
+                .append(mEncryption)
+                .append(", mAuthentication=")
+                .append(mAuthentication)
+                .append(", mAuthenticatedEncryption=")
+                .append(mAuthenticatedEncryption)
+                .append(", mMarkValue=")
+                .append(mMarkValue)
+                .append(", mMarkMask=")
+                .append(mMarkMask)
+                .append(", mXfrmInterfaceId=")
+                .append(mXfrmInterfaceId)
+                .append("}");
+
+        return strBuilder.toString();
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<IpSecConfig> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecConfig>() {
+                public IpSecConfig createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new IpSecConfig(in);
+                }
+
+                public IpSecConfig[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecConfig[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+        if (!(other instanceof IpSecConfig)) return false;
+        final IpSecConfig rhs = (IpSecConfig) other;
+        return (mMode == rhs.mMode
+                && mSourceAddress.equals(rhs.mSourceAddress)
+                && mDestinationAddress.equals(rhs.mDestinationAddress)
+                && ((mNetwork != null && mNetwork.equals(rhs.mNetwork))
+                        || (mNetwork == rhs.mNetwork))
+                && mEncapType == rhs.mEncapType
+                && mEncapSocketResourceId == rhs.mEncapSocketResourceId
+                && mEncapRemotePort == rhs.mEncapRemotePort
+                && mNattKeepaliveInterval == rhs.mNattKeepaliveInterval
+                && mSpiResourceId == rhs.mSpiResourceId
+                && IpSecAlgorithm.equals(mEncryption, rhs.mEncryption)
+                && IpSecAlgorithm.equals(mAuthenticatedEncryption, rhs.mAuthenticatedEncryption)
+                && IpSecAlgorithm.equals(mAuthentication, rhs.mAuthentication)
+                && mMarkValue == rhs.mMarkValue
+                && mMarkMask == rhs.mMarkMask
+                && mXfrmInterfaceId == rhs.mXfrmInterfaceId);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cb0947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1065 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.RequiresFeature;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.SystemService;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.util.AndroidException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import dalvik.system.CloseGuard;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * This class contains methods for managing IPsec sessions. Once configured, the kernel will apply
+ * confidentiality (encryption) and integrity (authentication) to IP traffic.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that not all aspects of IPsec are permitted by this API. Applications may create
+ * transport mode security associations and apply them to individual sockets. Applications looking
+ * to create an IPsec VPN should use {@link VpnManager} and {@link Ikev2VpnProfile}.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4301">RFC 4301, Security Architecture for the
+ *     Internet Protocol</a>
+ */
+@SystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE)
+public class IpSecManager {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecManager";
+
+    /**
+     * Used when applying a transform to direct traffic through an {@link IpSecTransform}
+     * towards the host.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #applyTransportModeTransform(Socket, int, IpSecTransform)}.
+     */
+    public static final int DIRECTION_IN = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Used when applying a transform to direct traffic through an {@link IpSecTransform}
+     * away from the host.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #applyTransportModeTransform(Socket, int, IpSecTransform)}.
+     */
+    public static final int DIRECTION_OUT = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Used when applying a transform to direct traffic through an {@link IpSecTransform} for
+     * forwarding between interfaces.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link #applyTransportModeTransform(Socket, int, IpSecTransform)}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int DIRECTION_FWD = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(value = {DIRECTION_IN, DIRECTION_OUT})
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface PolicyDirection {}
+
+    /**
+     * The Security Parameter Index (SPI) 0 indicates an unknown or invalid index.
+     *
+     * <p>No IPsec packet may contain an SPI of 0.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @TestApi public static final int INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX = 0;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public interface Status {
+        int OK = 0;
+        int RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE = 1;
+        int SPI_UNAVAILABLE = 2;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int INVALID_RESOURCE_ID = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Thrown to indicate that a requested SPI is in use.
+     *
+     * <p>The combination of remote {@code InetAddress} and SPI must be unique across all apps on
+     * one device. If this error is encountered, a new SPI is required before a transform may be
+     * created. This error can be avoided by calling {@link
+     * IpSecManager#allocateSecurityParameterIndex}.
+     */
+    public static final class SpiUnavailableException extends AndroidException {
+        private final int mSpi;
+
+        /**
+         * Construct an exception indicating that a transform with the given SPI is already in use
+         * or otherwise unavailable.
+         *
+         * @param msg description indicating the colliding SPI
+         * @param spi the SPI that could not be used due to a collision
+         */
+        SpiUnavailableException(String msg, int spi) {
+            super(msg + " (spi: " + spi + ")");
+            mSpi = spi;
+        }
+
+        /** Get the SPI that caused a collision. */
+        public int getSpi() {
+            return mSpi;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Thrown to indicate that an IPsec resource is unavailable.
+     *
+     * <p>This could apply to resources such as sockets, {@link SecurityParameterIndex}, {@link
+     * IpSecTransform}, or other system resources. If this exception is thrown, users should release
+     * allocated objects of the type requested.
+     */
+    public static final class ResourceUnavailableException extends AndroidException {
+
+        ResourceUnavailableException(String msg) {
+            super(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final IIpSecService mService;
+
+    /**
+     * This class represents a reserved SPI.
+     *
+     * <p>Objects of this type are used to track reserved security parameter indices. They can be
+     * obtained by calling {@link IpSecManager#allocateSecurityParameterIndex} and must be released
+     * by calling {@link #close()} when they are no longer needed.
+     */
+    public static final class SecurityParameterIndex implements AutoCloseable {
+        private final IIpSecService mService;
+        private final InetAddress mDestinationAddress;
+        private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
+        private int mSpi = INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX;
+        private int mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+
+        /** Get the underlying SPI held by this object. */
+        public int getSpi() {
+            return mSpi;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Release an SPI that was previously reserved.
+         *
+         * <p>Release an SPI for use by other users in the system. If a SecurityParameterIndex is
+         * applied to an IpSecTransform, it will become unusable for future transforms but should
+         * still be closed to ensure system resources are released.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            try {
+                mService.releaseSecurityParameterIndex(mResourceId);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
+                // actionable by the user.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
+            } finally {
+                mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Check that the SPI was closed properly. */
+        @Override
+        protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+            if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+                mCloseGuard.warnIfOpen();
+            }
+
+            close();
+        }
+
+        private SecurityParameterIndex(
+                @NonNull IIpSecService service, InetAddress destinationAddress, int spi)
+                throws ResourceUnavailableException, SpiUnavailableException {
+            mService = service;
+            mDestinationAddress = destinationAddress;
+            try {
+                IpSecSpiResponse result =
+                        mService.allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                                destinationAddress.getHostAddress(), spi, new Binder());
+
+                if (result == null) {
+                    throw new NullPointerException("Received null response from IpSecService");
+                }
+
+                int status = result.status;
+                switch (status) {
+                    case Status.OK:
+                        break;
+                    case Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                        throw new ResourceUnavailableException(
+                                "No more SPIs may be allocated by this requester.");
+                    case Status.SPI_UNAVAILABLE:
+                        throw new SpiUnavailableException("Requested SPI is unavailable", spi);
+                    default:
+                        throw new RuntimeException(
+                                "Unknown status returned by IpSecService: " + status);
+                }
+                mSpi = result.spi;
+                mResourceId = result.resourceId;
+
+                if (mSpi == INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("Invalid SPI returned by IpSecService: " + status);
+                }
+
+                if (mResourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(
+                            "Invalid Resource ID returned by IpSecService: " + status);
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+            mCloseGuard.open("open");
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public int getResourceId() {
+            return mResourceId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                .append("SecurityParameterIndex{spi=")
+                .append(mSpi)
+                .append(",resourceId=")
+                .append(mResourceId)
+                .append("}")
+                .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserve a random SPI for traffic bound to or from the specified destination address.
+     *
+     * <p>If successful, this SPI is guaranteed available until released by a call to {@link
+     * SecurityParameterIndex#close()}.
+     *
+     * @param destinationAddress the destination address for traffic bearing the requested SPI.
+     *     For inbound traffic, the destination should be an address currently assigned on-device.
+     * @return the reserved SecurityParameterIndex
+     * @throws ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many SPIs are
+     *     currently allocated for this user
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public SecurityParameterIndex allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+                @NonNull InetAddress destinationAddress) throws ResourceUnavailableException {
+        try {
+            return new SecurityParameterIndex(
+                    mService,
+                    destinationAddress,
+                    IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowUncheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        } catch (SpiUnavailableException unlikely) {
+            // Because this function allocates a totally random SPI, it really shouldn't ever
+            // fail to allocate an SPI; we simply need this because the exception is checked.
+            throw new ResourceUnavailableException("No SPIs available");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reserve the requested SPI for traffic bound to or from the specified destination address.
+     *
+     * <p>If successful, this SPI is guaranteed available until released by a call to {@link
+     * SecurityParameterIndex#close()}.
+     *
+     * @param destinationAddress the destination address for traffic bearing the requested SPI.
+     *     For inbound traffic, the destination should be an address currently assigned on-device.
+     * @param requestedSpi the requested SPI. The range 1-255 is reserved and may not be used. See
+     *     RFC 4303 Section 2.1.
+     * @return the reserved SecurityParameterIndex
+     * @throws ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many SPIs are
+     *     currently allocated for this user
+     * @throws SpiUnavailableException indicating that the requested SPI could not be
+     *     reserved
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public SecurityParameterIndex allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+            @NonNull InetAddress destinationAddress, int requestedSpi)
+            throws SpiUnavailableException, ResourceUnavailableException {
+        if (requestedSpi == IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Requested SPI must be a valid (non-zero) SPI");
+        }
+        try {
+            return new SecurityParameterIndex(mService, destinationAddress, requestedSpi);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowUncheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an IPsec transform to a stream socket.
+     *
+     * <p>This applies transport mode encapsulation to the given socket. Once applied, I/O on the
+     * socket will be encapsulated according to the parameters of the {@code IpSecTransform}. When
+     * the transform is removed from the socket by calling {@link #removeTransportModeTransforms},
+     * unprotected traffic can resume on that socket.
+     *
+     * <p>For security reasons, the destination address of any traffic on the socket must match the
+     * remote {@code InetAddress} of the {@code IpSecTransform}. Attempts to send traffic to any
+     * other IP address will result in an IOException. In addition, reads and writes on the socket
+     * will throw IOException if the user deactivates the transform (by calling {@link
+     * IpSecTransform#close()}) without calling {@link #removeTransportModeTransforms}.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that when applied to TCP sockets, calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()} on an
+     * applied transform before completion of graceful shutdown may result in the shutdown sequence
+     * failing to complete. As such, applications requiring graceful shutdown MUST close the socket
+     * prior to deactivating the applied transform. Socket closure may be performed asynchronously
+     * (in batches), so the returning of a close function does not guarantee shutdown of a socket.
+     * Setting an SO_LINGER timeout results in socket closure being performed synchronously, and is
+     * sufficient to ensure shutdown.
+     *
+     * Specifically, if the transform is deactivated (by calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()}),
+     * prior to the socket being closed, the standard [FIN - FIN/ACK - ACK], or the reset [RST]
+     * packets are dropped due to the lack of a valid Transform. Similarly, if a socket without the
+     * SO_LINGER option set is closed, the delayed/batched FIN packets may be dropped.
+     *
+     * <h4>Rekey Procedure</h4>
+     *
+     * <p>When applying a new tranform to a socket in the outbound direction, the previous transform
+     * will be removed and the new transform will take effect immediately, sending all traffic on
+     * the new transform; however, when applying a transform in the inbound direction, traffic
+     * on the old transform will continue to be decrypted and delivered until that transform is
+     * deallocated by calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()}. This overlap allows lossless rekey
+     * procedures where both transforms are valid until both endpoints are using the new transform
+     * and all in-flight packets have been received.
+     *
+     * @param socket a stream socket
+     * @param direction the direction in which the transform should be applied
+     * @param transform a transport mode {@code IpSecTransform}
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be applied
+     */
+    public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull Socket socket,
+            @PolicyDirection int direction, @NonNull IpSecTransform transform) throws IOException {
+        // Ensure creation of FD. See b/77548890 for more details.
+        socket.getSoLinger();
+
+        applyTransportModeTransform(socket.getFileDescriptor$(), direction, transform);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an IPsec transform to a datagram socket.
+     *
+     * <p>This applies transport mode encapsulation to the given socket. Once applied, I/O on the
+     * socket will be encapsulated according to the parameters of the {@code IpSecTransform}. When
+     * the transform is removed from the socket by calling {@link #removeTransportModeTransforms},
+     * unprotected traffic can resume on that socket.
+     *
+     * <p>For security reasons, the destination address of any traffic on the socket must match the
+     * remote {@code InetAddress} of the {@code IpSecTransform}. Attempts to send traffic to any
+     * other IP address will result in an IOException. In addition, reads and writes on the socket
+     * will throw IOException if the user deactivates the transform (by calling {@link
+     * IpSecTransform#close()}) without calling {@link #removeTransportModeTransforms}.
+     *
+     * <h4>Rekey Procedure</h4>
+     *
+     * <p>When applying a new tranform to a socket in the outbound direction, the previous transform
+     * will be removed and the new transform will take effect immediately, sending all traffic on
+     * the new transform; however, when applying a transform in the inbound direction, traffic
+     * on the old transform will continue to be decrypted and delivered until that transform is
+     * deallocated by calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()}. This overlap allows lossless rekey
+     * procedures where both transforms are valid until both endpoints are using the new transform
+     * and all in-flight packets have been received.
+     *
+     * @param socket a datagram socket
+     * @param direction the direction in which the transform should be applied
+     * @param transform a transport mode {@code IpSecTransform}
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be applied
+     */
+    public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull DatagramSocket socket,
+            @PolicyDirection int direction, @NonNull IpSecTransform transform) throws IOException {
+        applyTransportModeTransform(socket.getFileDescriptor$(), direction, transform);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an IPsec transform to a socket.
+     *
+     * <p>This applies transport mode encapsulation to the given socket. Once applied, I/O on the
+     * socket will be encapsulated according to the parameters of the {@code IpSecTransform}. When
+     * the transform is removed from the socket by calling {@link #removeTransportModeTransforms},
+     * unprotected traffic can resume on that socket.
+     *
+     * <p>For security reasons, the destination address of any traffic on the socket must match the
+     * remote {@code InetAddress} of the {@code IpSecTransform}. Attempts to send traffic to any
+     * other IP address will result in an IOException. In addition, reads and writes on the socket
+     * will throw IOException if the user deactivates the transform (by calling {@link
+     * IpSecTransform#close()}) without calling {@link #removeTransportModeTransforms}.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that when applied to TCP sockets, calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()} on an
+     * applied transform before completion of graceful shutdown may result in the shutdown sequence
+     * failing to complete. As such, applications requiring graceful shutdown MUST close the socket
+     * prior to deactivating the applied transform. Socket closure may be performed asynchronously
+     * (in batches), so the returning of a close function does not guarantee shutdown of a socket.
+     * Setting an SO_LINGER timeout results in socket closure being performed synchronously, and is
+     * sufficient to ensure shutdown.
+     *
+     * Specifically, if the transform is deactivated (by calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()}),
+     * prior to the socket being closed, the standard [FIN - FIN/ACK - ACK], or the reset [RST]
+     * packets are dropped due to the lack of a valid Transform. Similarly, if a socket without the
+     * SO_LINGER option set is closed, the delayed/batched FIN packets may be dropped.
+     *
+     * <h4>Rekey Procedure</h4>
+     *
+     * <p>When applying a new tranform to a socket in the outbound direction, the previous transform
+     * will be removed and the new transform will take effect immediately, sending all traffic on
+     * the new transform; however, when applying a transform in the inbound direction, traffic
+     * on the old transform will continue to be decrypted and delivered until that transform is
+     * deallocated by calling {@link IpSecTransform#close()}. This overlap allows lossless rekey
+     * procedures where both transforms are valid until both endpoints are using the new transform
+     * and all in-flight packets have been received.
+     *
+     * @param socket a socket file descriptor
+     * @param direction the direction in which the transform should be applied
+     * @param transform a transport mode {@code IpSecTransform}
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be applied
+     */
+    public void applyTransportModeTransform(@NonNull FileDescriptor socket,
+            @PolicyDirection int direction, @NonNull IpSecTransform transform) throws IOException {
+        // We dup() the FileDescriptor here because if we don't, then the ParcelFileDescriptor()
+        // constructor takes control and closes the user's FD when we exit the method.
+        try (ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.dup(socket)) {
+            mService.applyTransportModeTransform(pfd, direction, transform.getResourceId());
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an IPsec transform from a stream socket.
+     *
+     * <p>Once removed, traffic on the socket will not be encrypted. Removing transforms from a
+     * socket allows the socket to be reused for communication in the clear.
+     *
+     * <p>If an {@code IpSecTransform} object applied to this socket was deallocated by calling
+     * {@link IpSecTransform#close()}, then communication on the socket will fail until this method
+     * is called.
+     *
+     * @param socket a socket that previously had a transform applied to it
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be removed from the socket
+     */
+    public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull Socket socket) throws IOException {
+        // Ensure creation of FD. See b/77548890 for more details.
+        socket.getSoLinger();
+
+        removeTransportModeTransforms(socket.getFileDescriptor$());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an IPsec transform from a datagram socket.
+     *
+     * <p>Once removed, traffic on the socket will not be encrypted. Removing transforms from a
+     * socket allows the socket to be reused for communication in the clear.
+     *
+     * <p>If an {@code IpSecTransform} object applied to this socket was deallocated by calling
+     * {@link IpSecTransform#close()}, then communication on the socket will fail until this method
+     * is called.
+     *
+     * @param socket a socket that previously had a transform applied to it
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be removed from the socket
+     */
+    public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull DatagramSocket socket) throws IOException {
+        removeTransportModeTransforms(socket.getFileDescriptor$());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an IPsec transform from a socket.
+     *
+     * <p>Once removed, traffic on the socket will not be encrypted. Removing transforms from a
+     * socket allows the socket to be reused for communication in the clear.
+     *
+     * <p>If an {@code IpSecTransform} object applied to this socket was deallocated by calling
+     * {@link IpSecTransform#close()}, then communication on the socket will fail until this method
+     * is called.
+     *
+     * @param socket a socket that previously had a transform applied to it
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be removed from the socket
+     */
+    public void removeTransportModeTransforms(@NonNull FileDescriptor socket) throws IOException {
+        try (ParcelFileDescriptor pfd = ParcelFileDescriptor.dup(socket)) {
+            mService.removeTransportModeTransforms(pfd);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a Tunnel Mode IPsec Transform from a {@link Network}. This must be used as part of
+     * cleanup if a tunneled Network experiences a change in default route. The Network will drop
+     * all traffic that cannot be routed to the Tunnel's outbound interface. If that interface is
+     * lost, all traffic will drop.
+     *
+     * <p>TODO: Update javadoc for tunnel mode APIs at the same time the APIs are re-worked.
+     *
+     * @param net a network that currently has transform applied to it.
+     * @param transform a Tunnel Mode IPsec Transform that has been previously applied to the given
+     *     network
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void removeTunnelModeTransform(Network net, IpSecTransform transform) {}
+
+    /**
+     * This class provides access to a UDP encapsulation Socket.
+     *
+     * <p>{@code UdpEncapsulationSocket} wraps a system-provided datagram socket intended for IKEv2
+     * signalling and UDP encapsulated IPsec traffic. Instances can be obtained by calling {@link
+     * IpSecManager#openUdpEncapsulationSocket}. The provided socket cannot be re-bound by the
+     * caller. The caller should not close the {@code FileDescriptor} returned by {@link
+     * #getFileDescriptor}, but should use {@link #close} instead.
+     *
+     * <p>Allowing the user to close or unbind a UDP encapsulation socket could impact the traffic
+     * of the next user who binds to that port. To prevent this scenario, these sockets are held
+     * open by the system so that they may only be closed by calling {@link #close} or when the user
+     * process exits.
+     */
+    public static final class UdpEncapsulationSocket implements AutoCloseable {
+        private final ParcelFileDescriptor mPfd;
+        private final IIpSecService mService;
+        private int mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+        private final int mPort;
+        private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
+
+        private UdpEncapsulationSocket(@NonNull IIpSecService service, int port)
+                throws ResourceUnavailableException, IOException {
+            mService = service;
+            try {
+                IpSecUdpEncapResponse result =
+                        mService.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(port, new Binder());
+                switch (result.status) {
+                    case Status.OK:
+                        break;
+                    case Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                        throw new ResourceUnavailableException(
+                                "No more Sockets may be allocated by this requester.");
+                    default:
+                        throw new RuntimeException(
+                                "Unknown status returned by IpSecService: " + result.status);
+                }
+                mResourceId = result.resourceId;
+                mPort = result.port;
+                mPfd = result.fileDescriptor;
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+            mCloseGuard.open("constructor");
+        }
+
+        /** Get the encapsulation socket's file descriptor. */
+        public FileDescriptor getFileDescriptor() {
+            if (mPfd == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            return mPfd.getFileDescriptor();
+        }
+
+        /** Get the bound port of the wrapped socket. */
+        public int getPort() {
+            return mPort;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Close this socket.
+         *
+         * <p>This closes the wrapped socket. Open encapsulation sockets count against a user's
+         * resource limits, and forgetting to close them eventually will result in {@link
+         * ResourceUnavailableException} being thrown.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void close() throws IOException {
+            try {
+                mService.closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(mResourceId);
+                mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
+                // actionable by the user.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
+            } finally {
+                mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+            }
+
+            try {
+                mPfd.close();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close UDP Encapsulation Socket with Port= " + mPort);
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Check that the socket was closed properly. */
+        @Override
+        protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+            if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+                mCloseGuard.warnIfOpen();
+            }
+            close();
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getResourceId() {
+            return mResourceId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                .append("UdpEncapsulationSocket{port=")
+                .append(mPort)
+                .append(",resourceId=")
+                .append(mResourceId)
+                .append("}")
+                .toString();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Open a socket for UDP encapsulation and bind to the given port.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket} for the proper way to close the returned socket.
+     *
+     * @param port a local UDP port
+     * @return a socket that is bound to the given port
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the socket could not be opened or bound
+     * @throws ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many encapsulation sockets are open
+     */
+    // Returning a socket in this fashion that has been created and bound by the system
+    // is the only safe way to ensure that a socket is both accessible to the user and
+    // safely usable for Encapsulation without allowing a user to possibly unbind from/close
+    // the port, which could potentially impact the traffic of the next user who binds to that
+    // socket.
+    @NonNull
+    public UdpEncapsulationSocket openUdpEncapsulationSocket(int port)
+            throws IOException, ResourceUnavailableException {
+        /*
+         * Most range checking is done in the service, but this version of the constructor expects
+         * a valid port number, and zero cannot be checked after being passed to the service.
+         */
+        if (port == 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Specified port must be a valid port number!");
+        }
+        try {
+            return new UdpEncapsulationSocket(mService, port);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open a socket for UDP encapsulation.
+     *
+     * <p>See {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket} for the proper way to close the returned socket.
+     *
+     * <p>The local port of the returned socket can be obtained by calling {@link
+     * UdpEncapsulationSocket#getPort()}.
+     *
+     * @return a socket that is bound to a local port
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the socket could not be opened or bound
+     * @throws ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many encapsulation sockets are open
+     */
+    // Returning a socket in this fashion that has been created and bound by the system
+    // is the only safe way to ensure that a socket is both accessible to the user and
+    // safely usable for Encapsulation without allowing a user to possibly unbind from/close
+    // the port, which could potentially impact the traffic of the next user who binds to that
+    // socket.
+    @NonNull
+    public UdpEncapsulationSocket openUdpEncapsulationSocket()
+            throws IOException, ResourceUnavailableException {
+        try {
+            return new UdpEncapsulationSocket(mService, 0);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This class represents an IpSecTunnelInterface
+     *
+     * <p>IpSecTunnelInterface objects track tunnel interfaces that serve as
+     * local endpoints for IPsec tunnels.
+     *
+     * <p>Creating an IpSecTunnelInterface creates a device to which IpSecTransforms may be
+     * applied to provide IPsec security to packets sent through the tunnel. While a tunnel
+     * cannot be used in standalone mode within Android, the higher layers may use the tunnel
+     * to create Network objects which are accessible to the Android system.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final class IpSecTunnelInterface implements AutoCloseable {
+        private final String mOpPackageName;
+        private final IIpSecService mService;
+        private final InetAddress mRemoteAddress;
+        private final InetAddress mLocalAddress;
+        private final Network mUnderlyingNetwork;
+        private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
+        private String mInterfaceName;
+        private int mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+
+        /** Get the underlying SPI held by this object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public String getInterfaceName() {
+            return mInterfaceName;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add an address to the IpSecTunnelInterface
+         *
+         * <p>Add an address which may be used as the local inner address for
+         * tunneled traffic.
+         *
+         * @param address the local address for traffic inside the tunnel
+         * @param prefixLen length of the InetAddress prefix
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
+        @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        public void addAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address, int prefixLen) throws IOException {
+            try {
+                mService.addAddressToTunnelInterface(
+                        mResourceId, new LinkAddress(address, prefixLen), mOpPackageName);
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Remove an address from the IpSecTunnelInterface
+         *
+         * <p>Remove an address which was previously added to the IpSecTunnelInterface
+         *
+         * @param address to be removed
+         * @param prefixLen length of the InetAddress prefix
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
+        @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        public void removeAddress(@NonNull InetAddress address, int prefixLen) throws IOException {
+            try {
+                mService.removeAddressFromTunnelInterface(
+                        mResourceId, new LinkAddress(address, prefixLen), mOpPackageName);
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Update the underlying network for this IpSecTunnelInterface.
+         *
+         * <p>This new underlying network will be used for all transforms applied AFTER this call is
+         * complete. Before new {@link IpSecTransform}(s) with matching addresses are applied to
+         * this tunnel interface, traffic will still use the old SA, and be routed on the old
+         * underlying network.
+         *
+         * <p>To migrate IPsec tunnel mode traffic, a caller should:
+         *
+         * <ol>
+         *   <li>Update the IpSecTunnelInterface’s underlying network.
+         *   <li>Apply {@link IpSecTransform}(s) with matching addresses to this
+         *       IpSecTunnelInterface.
+         * </ol>
+         *
+         * @param underlyingNetwork the new {@link Network} that will carry traffic for this tunnel.
+         *     This network MUST never be the network exposing this IpSecTunnelInterface, otherwise
+         *     this method will throw an {@link IllegalArgumentException}. If the
+         *     IpSecTunnelInterface is later added to this network, all outbound traffic will be
+         *     blackholed.
+         */
+        // TODO: b/169171001 Update the documentation when transform migration is supported.
+        // The purpose of making updating network and applying transforms separate is to leave open
+        // the possibility to support lossless migration procedures. To do that, Android platform
+        // will need to support multiple inbound tunnel mode transforms, just like it can support
+        // multiple transport mode transforms.
+        @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        public void setUnderlyingNetwork(@NonNull Network underlyingNetwork) throws IOException {
+            try {
+                mService.setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+                        mResourceId, underlyingNetwork, mOpPackageName);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private IpSecTunnelInterface(@NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull IIpSecService service,
+                @NonNull InetAddress localAddress, @NonNull InetAddress remoteAddress,
+                @NonNull Network underlyingNetwork)
+                throws ResourceUnavailableException, IOException {
+            mOpPackageName = ctx.getOpPackageName();
+            mService = service;
+            mLocalAddress = localAddress;
+            mRemoteAddress = remoteAddress;
+            mUnderlyingNetwork = underlyingNetwork;
+
+            try {
+                IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse result =
+                        mService.createTunnelInterface(
+                                localAddress.getHostAddress(),
+                                remoteAddress.getHostAddress(),
+                                underlyingNetwork,
+                                new Binder(),
+                                mOpPackageName);
+                switch (result.status) {
+                    case Status.OK:
+                        break;
+                    case Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                        throw new ResourceUnavailableException(
+                                "No more tunnel interfaces may be allocated by this requester.");
+                    default:
+                        throw new RuntimeException(
+                                "Unknown status returned by IpSecService: " + result.status);
+                }
+                mResourceId = result.resourceId;
+                mInterfaceName = result.interfaceName;
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+            mCloseGuard.open("constructor");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Delete an IpSecTunnelInterface
+         *
+         * <p>Calling close will deallocate the IpSecTunnelInterface and all of its system
+         * resources. Any packets bound for this interface either inbound or outbound will
+         * all be lost.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            try {
+                mService.deleteTunnelInterface(mResourceId, mOpPackageName);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
+                // actionable by the user.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
+            } finally {
+                mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+                mCloseGuard.close();
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Check that the Interface was closed properly. */
+        @Override
+        protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+            if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+                mCloseGuard.warnIfOpen();
+            }
+            close();
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public int getResourceId() {
+            return mResourceId;
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                .append("IpSecTunnelInterface{ifname=")
+                .append(mInterfaceName)
+                .append(",resourceId=")
+                .append(mResourceId)
+                .append("}")
+                .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new IpSecTunnelInterface as a local endpoint for tunneled IPsec traffic.
+     *
+     * <p>An application that creates tunnels is responsible for cleaning up the tunnel when the
+     * underlying network goes away, and the onLost() callback is received.
+     *
+     * @param localAddress The local addres of the tunnel
+     * @param remoteAddress The local addres of the tunnel
+     * @param underlyingNetwork the {@link Network} that will carry traffic for this tunnel.
+     *        This network should almost certainly be a network such as WiFi with an L2 address.
+     * @return a new {@link IpSecManager#IpSecTunnelInterface} with the specified properties
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the socket could not be opened or bound
+     * @throws ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many encapsulation sockets are open
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @NonNull
+    @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+    public IpSecTunnelInterface createIpSecTunnelInterface(@NonNull InetAddress localAddress,
+            @NonNull InetAddress remoteAddress, @NonNull Network underlyingNetwork)
+            throws ResourceUnavailableException, IOException {
+        try {
+            return new IpSecTunnelInterface(
+                    mContext, mService, localAddress, remoteAddress, underlyingNetwork);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an active Tunnel Mode IPsec Transform to a {@link IpSecTunnelInterface}, which will
+     * tunnel all traffic for the given direction through the underlying network's interface with
+     * IPsec (applies an outer IP header and IPsec Header to all traffic, and expects an additional
+     * IP header and IPsec Header on all inbound traffic).
+     * <p>Applications should probably not use this API directly.
+     *
+     *
+     * @param tunnel The {@link IpSecManager#IpSecTunnelInterface} that will use the supplied
+     *        transform.
+     * @param direction the direction, {@link DIRECTION_OUT} or {@link #DIRECTION_IN} in which
+     *        the transform will be used.
+     * @param transform an {@link IpSecTransform} created in tunnel mode
+     * @throws IOException indicating that the transform could not be applied due to a lower
+     *         layer failure.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+    public void applyTunnelModeTransform(@NonNull IpSecTunnelInterface tunnel,
+            @PolicyDirection int direction, @NonNull IpSecTransform transform) throws IOException {
+        try {
+            mService.applyTunnelModeTransform(
+                    tunnel.getResourceId(), direction,
+                    transform.getResourceId(), mContext.getOpPackageName());
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public IpSecTransformResponse createTransform(IpSecConfig config, IBinder binder,
+            String callingPackage) {
+        try {
+            return mService.createTransform(config, binder, callingPackage);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void deleteTransform(int resourceId) {
+        try {
+            mService.deleteTransform(resourceId);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct an instance of IpSecManager within an application context.
+     *
+     * @param context the application context for this manager
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public IpSecManager(Context ctx, IIpSecService service) {
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mService = Objects.requireNonNull(service, "missing service");
+    }
+
+    private static void maybeHandleServiceSpecificException(ServiceSpecificException sse) {
+        // OsConstants are late binding, so switch statements can't be used.
+        if (sse.errorCode == OsConstants.EINVAL) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(sse);
+        } else if (sse.errorCode == OsConstants.EAGAIN) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(sse);
+        } else if (sse.errorCode == OsConstants.EOPNOTSUPP
+                || sse.errorCode == OsConstants.EPROTONOSUPPORT) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(sse);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an Errno SSE to the correct Unchecked exception type.
+     *
+     * This method never actually returns.
+     */
+    // package
+    static RuntimeException
+            rethrowUncheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(ServiceSpecificException sse) {
+        maybeHandleServiceSpecificException(sse);
+        throw new RuntimeException(sse);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert an Errno SSE to the correct Checked or Unchecked exception type.
+     *
+     * This method may throw IOException, or it may throw an unchecked exception; it will never
+     * actually return.
+     */
+    // package
+    static IOException rethrowCheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(
+            ServiceSpecificException sse) throws IOException {
+        // First see if this is an unchecked exception of a type we know.
+        // If so, then we prefer the unchecked (specific) type of exception.
+        maybeHandleServiceSpecificException(sse);
+        // If not, then all we can do is provide the SSE in the form of an IOException.
+        throw new ErrnoException(
+                "IpSec encountered errno=" + sse.errorCode, sse.errorCode).rethrowAsIOException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecSpiResponse.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecSpiResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6484a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecSpiResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+parcelable IpSecSpiResponse;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecSpiResponse.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecSpiResponse.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f99e570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecSpiResponse.java
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to return an SPI and corresponding status from the IpSecService to an
+ * IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class IpSecSpiResponse implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecSpiResponse";
+
+    public final int resourceId;
+    public final int status;
+    public final int spi;
+    // Parcelable Methods
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(status);
+        out.writeInt(resourceId);
+        out.writeInt(spi);
+    }
+
+    public IpSecSpiResponse(int inStatus, int inResourceId, int inSpi) {
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = inResourceId;
+        spi = inSpi;
+    }
+
+    public IpSecSpiResponse(int inStatus) {
+        if (inStatus == IpSecManager.Status.OK) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Valid status implies other args must be provided");
+        }
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+        spi = IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX;
+    }
+
+    private IpSecSpiResponse(Parcel in) {
+        status = in.readInt();
+        resourceId = in.readInt();
+        spi = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Parcelable.Creator<IpSecSpiResponse> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecSpiResponse>() {
+                public IpSecSpiResponse createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new IpSecSpiResponse(in);
+                }
+
+                public IpSecSpiResponse[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecSpiResponse[size];
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68ae5de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransform.java
@@ -0,0 +1,405 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresFeature;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import dalvik.system.CloseGuard;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * This class represents a transform, which roughly corresponds to an IPsec Security Association.
+ *
+ * <p>Transforms are created using {@link IpSecTransform.Builder}. Each {@code IpSecTransform}
+ * object encapsulates the properties and state of an IPsec security association. That includes,
+ * but is not limited to, algorithm choice, key material, and allocated system resources.
+ *
+ * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4301">RFC 4301, Security Architecture for the
+ *     Internet Protocol</a>
+ */
+public final class IpSecTransform implements AutoCloseable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecTransform";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int MODE_TRANSPORT = 0;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int MODE_TUNNEL = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int ENCAP_NONE = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * IPsec traffic will be encapsulated within UDP, but with 8 zero-value bytes between the UDP
+     * header and payload. This prevents traffic from being interpreted as ESP or IKEv2.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int ENCAP_ESPINUDP_NON_IKE = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * IPsec traffic will be encapsulated within UDP as per
+     * <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3948">RFC 3498</a>.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int ENCAP_ESPINUDP = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(value = {ENCAP_NONE, ENCAP_ESPINUDP, ENCAP_ESPINUDP_NON_IKE})
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface EncapType {}
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IpSecTransform(Context context, IpSecConfig config) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mConfig = new IpSecConfig(config);
+        mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+    }
+
+    private IpSecManager getIpSecManager(Context context) {
+        return context.getSystemService(IpSecManager.class);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Checks the result status and throws an appropriate exception if the status is not Status.OK.
+     */
+    private void checkResultStatus(int status)
+            throws IOException, IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException,
+                    IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException {
+        switch (status) {
+            case IpSecManager.Status.OK:
+                return;
+                // TODO: Pass Error string back from bundle so that errors can be more specific
+            case IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE:
+                throw new IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException(
+                        "Failed to allocate a new IpSecTransform");
+            case IpSecManager.Status.SPI_UNAVAILABLE:
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Attempting to use an SPI that was somehow not reserved");
+                // Fall through
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Failed to Create a Transform with status code " + status);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private IpSecTransform activate()
+            throws IOException, IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException,
+                    IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            try {
+                IpSecTransformResponse result = getIpSecManager(mContext).createTransform(
+                        mConfig, new Binder(), mContext.getOpPackageName());
+                int status = result.status;
+                checkResultStatus(status);
+                mResourceId = result.resourceId;
+                Log.d(TAG, "Added Transform with Id " + mResourceId);
+                mCloseGuard.open("build");
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                throw IpSecManager.rethrowUncheckedExceptionFromServiceSpecificException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Standard equals.
+     */
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object other) {
+        if (this == other) return true;
+        if (!(other instanceof IpSecTransform)) return false;
+        final IpSecTransform rhs = (IpSecTransform) other;
+        return getConfig().equals(rhs.getConfig()) && mResourceId == rhs.mResourceId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deactivate this {@code IpSecTransform} and free allocated resources.
+     *
+     * <p>Deactivating a transform while it is still applied to a socket will result in errors on
+     * that socket. Make sure to remove transforms by calling {@link
+     * IpSecManager#removeTransportModeTransforms}. Note, removing an {@code IpSecTransform} from a
+     * socket will not deactivate it (because one transform may be applied to multiple sockets).
+     *
+     * <p>It is safe to call this method on a transform that has already been deactivated.
+     */
+    public void close() {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Removing Transform with Id " + mResourceId);
+
+        // Always safe to attempt cleanup
+        if (mResourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+            mCloseGuard.close();
+            return;
+        }
+        try {
+            getIpSecManager(mContext).deleteTransform(mResourceId);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // On close we swallow all random exceptions since failure to close is not
+            // actionable by the user.
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close " + this + ", Exception=" + e);
+        } finally {
+            mResourceId = INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+            mCloseGuard.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Check that the transform was closed properly. */
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        if (mCloseGuard != null) {
+            mCloseGuard.warnIfOpen();
+        }
+        close();
+    }
+
+    /* Package */
+    IpSecConfig getConfig() {
+        return mConfig;
+    }
+
+    private final IpSecConfig mConfig;
+    private int mResourceId;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final CloseGuard mCloseGuard = CloseGuard.get();
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public int getResourceId() {
+        return mResourceId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A callback class to provide status information regarding a NAT-T keepalive session
+     *
+     * <p>Use this callback to receive status information regarding a NAT-T keepalive session
+     * by registering it when calling {@link #startNattKeepalive}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static class NattKeepaliveCallback {
+        /** The specified {@code Network} is not connected. */
+        public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = 1;
+        /** The hardware does not support this request. */
+        public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED = 2;
+        /** The hardware returned an error. */
+        public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = 3;
+
+        /** The requested keepalive was successfully started. */
+        public void onStarted() {}
+        /** The keepalive was successfully stopped. */
+        public void onStopped() {}
+        /** An error occurred. */
+        public void onError(int error) {}
+    }
+
+    /** This class is used to build {@link IpSecTransform} objects. */
+    public static class Builder {
+        private Context mContext;
+        private IpSecConfig mConfig;
+
+        /**
+         * Set the encryption algorithm.
+         *
+         * <p>Encryption is mutually exclusive with authenticated encryption.
+         *
+         * @param algo {@link IpSecAlgorithm} specifying the encryption to be applied.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public IpSecTransform.Builder setEncryption(@NonNull IpSecAlgorithm algo) {
+            // TODO: throw IllegalArgumentException if algo is not an encryption algorithm.
+            Objects.requireNonNull(algo);
+            mConfig.setEncryption(algo);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the authentication (integrity) algorithm.
+         *
+         * <p>Authentication is mutually exclusive with authenticated encryption.
+         *
+         * @param algo {@link IpSecAlgorithm} specifying the authentication to be applied.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public IpSecTransform.Builder setAuthentication(@NonNull IpSecAlgorithm algo) {
+            // TODO: throw IllegalArgumentException if algo is not an authentication algorithm.
+            Objects.requireNonNull(algo);
+            mConfig.setAuthentication(algo);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the authenticated encryption algorithm.
+         *
+         * <p>The Authenticated Encryption (AE) class of algorithms are also known as
+         * Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data (AEAD) algorithms, or Combined mode
+         * algorithms (as referred to in
+         * <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4301">RFC 4301</a>).
+         *
+         * <p>Authenticated encryption is mutually exclusive with encryption and authentication.
+         *
+         * @param algo {@link IpSecAlgorithm} specifying the authenticated encryption algorithm to
+         *     be applied.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public IpSecTransform.Builder setAuthenticatedEncryption(@NonNull IpSecAlgorithm algo) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(algo);
+            mConfig.setAuthenticatedEncryption(algo);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add UDP encapsulation to an IPv4 transform.
+         *
+         * <p>This allows IPsec traffic to pass through a NAT.
+         *
+         * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3948">RFC 3948, UDP Encapsulation of IPsec
+         *     ESP Packets</a>
+         * @see <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7296#section-2.23">RFC 7296 section 2.23,
+         *     NAT Traversal of IKEv2</a>
+         * @param localSocket a socket for sending and receiving encapsulated traffic
+         * @param remotePort the UDP port number of the remote host that will send and receive
+         *     encapsulated traffic. In the case of IKEv2, this should be port 4500.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public IpSecTransform.Builder setIpv4Encapsulation(
+                @NonNull IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket localSocket, int remotePort) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(localSocket);
+            mConfig.setEncapType(ENCAP_ESPINUDP);
+            if (localSocket.getResourceId() == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid UdpEncapsulationSocket");
+            }
+            mConfig.setEncapSocketResourceId(localSocket.getResourceId());
+            mConfig.setEncapRemotePort(remotePort);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Build a transport mode {@link IpSecTransform}.
+         *
+         * <p>This builds and activates a transport mode transform. Note that an active transform
+         * will not affect any network traffic until it has been applied to one or more sockets.
+         *
+         * @see IpSecManager#applyTransportModeTransform
+         * @param sourceAddress the source {@code InetAddress} of traffic on sockets that will use
+         *     this transform; this address must belong to the Network used by all sockets that
+         *     utilize this transform; if provided, then only traffic originating from the
+         *     specified source address will be processed.
+         * @param spi a unique {@link IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex} to identify transformed
+         *     traffic
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException indicating that a particular combination of transform
+         *     properties is invalid
+         * @throws IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many transforms
+         *     are active
+         * @throws IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException indicating the rare case where an SPI
+         *     collides with an existing transform
+         * @throws IOException indicating other errors
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public IpSecTransform buildTransportModeTransform(
+                @NonNull InetAddress sourceAddress,
+                @NonNull IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi)
+                throws IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException,
+                        IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException, IOException {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(sourceAddress);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(spi);
+            if (spi.getResourceId() == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SecurityParameterIndex");
+            }
+            mConfig.setMode(MODE_TRANSPORT);
+            mConfig.setSourceAddress(sourceAddress.getHostAddress());
+            mConfig.setSpiResourceId(spi.getResourceId());
+            // FIXME: modifying a builder after calling build can change the built transform.
+            return new IpSecTransform(mContext, mConfig).activate();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Build and return an {@link IpSecTransform} object as a Tunnel Mode Transform. Some
+         * parameters have interdependencies that are checked at build time.
+         *
+         * @param sourceAddress the {@link InetAddress} that provides the source address for this
+         *     IPsec tunnel. This is almost certainly an address belonging to the {@link Network}
+         *     that will originate the traffic, which is set as the {@link #setUnderlyingNetwork}.
+         * @param spi a unique {@link IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex} to identify transformed
+         *     traffic
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException indicating that a particular combination of transform
+         *     properties is invalid.
+         * @throws IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException indicating that too many transforms
+         *     are active
+         * @throws IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException indicating the rare case where an SPI
+         *     collides with an existing transform
+         * @throws IOException indicating other errors
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
+        @NonNull
+        @RequiresFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)
+        public IpSecTransform buildTunnelModeTransform(
+                @NonNull InetAddress sourceAddress,
+                @NonNull IpSecManager.SecurityParameterIndex spi)
+                throws IpSecManager.ResourceUnavailableException,
+                        IpSecManager.SpiUnavailableException, IOException {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(sourceAddress);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(spi);
+            if (spi.getResourceId() == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SecurityParameterIndex");
+            }
+            mConfig.setMode(MODE_TUNNEL);
+            mConfig.setSourceAddress(sourceAddress.getHostAddress());
+            mConfig.setSpiResourceId(spi.getResourceId());
+            return new IpSecTransform(mContext, mConfig).activate();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a new IpSecTransform.Builder.
+         *
+         * @param context current context
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull Context context) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(context);
+            mContext = context;
+            mConfig = new IpSecConfig();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return new StringBuilder()
+            .append("IpSecTransform{resourceId=")
+            .append(mResourceId)
+            .append("}")
+            .toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformResponse.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..546230d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+parcelable IpSecTransformResponse;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformResponse.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformResponse.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..363f316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTransformResponse.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to return an IpSecTransform resource Id and and corresponding status from the
+ * IpSecService to an IpSecTransform object.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class IpSecTransformResponse implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecTransformResponse";
+
+    public final int resourceId;
+    public final int status;
+    // Parcelable Methods
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(status);
+        out.writeInt(resourceId);
+    }
+
+    public IpSecTransformResponse(int inStatus) {
+        if (inStatus == IpSecManager.Status.OK) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Valid status implies other args must be provided");
+        }
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+    }
+
+    public IpSecTransformResponse(int inStatus, int inResourceId) {
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = inResourceId;
+    }
+
+    private IpSecTransformResponse(Parcel in) {
+        status = in.readInt();
+        resourceId = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @android.annotation.NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<IpSecTransformResponse> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecTransformResponse>() {
+                public IpSecTransformResponse createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new IpSecTransformResponse(in);
+                }
+
+                public IpSecTransformResponse[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecTransformResponse[size];
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7239221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+parcelable IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..127e30a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse.java
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to return an IpSecTunnelInterface resource Id and and corresponding status
+ * from the IpSecService to an IpSecTunnelInterface object.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse";
+
+    public final int resourceId;
+    public final String interfaceName;
+    public final int status;
+    // Parcelable Methods
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(status);
+        out.writeInt(resourceId);
+        out.writeString(interfaceName);
+    }
+
+    public IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(int inStatus) {
+        if (inStatus == IpSecManager.Status.OK) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Valid status implies other args must be provided");
+        }
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+        interfaceName = "";
+    }
+
+    public IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(int inStatus, int inResourceId, String inInterfaceName) {
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = inResourceId;
+        interfaceName = inInterfaceName;
+    }
+
+    private IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(Parcel in) {
+        status = in.readInt();
+        resourceId = in.readInt();
+        interfaceName = in.readString();
+    }
+
+    @android.annotation.NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse>() {
+                public IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(in);
+                }
+
+                public IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse[size];
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e451f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+/** @hide */
+parcelable IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..390af82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/IpSecUdpEncapResponse.java
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * This class is used to return a UDP Socket and corresponding status from the IpSecService to an
+ * IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class IpSecUdpEncapResponse implements Parcelable {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecUdpEncapResponse";
+
+    public final int resourceId;
+    public final int port;
+    public final int status;
+    // There is a weird asymmetry with FileDescriptor: you can write a FileDescriptor
+    // but you read a ParcelFileDescriptor. To circumvent this, when we receive a FD
+    // from the user, we immediately create a ParcelFileDescriptor DUP, which we invalidate
+    // on writeParcel() by setting the flag to do close-on-write.
+    // TODO: tests to ensure this doesn't leak
+    public final ParcelFileDescriptor fileDescriptor;
+
+    // Parcelable Methods
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return (fileDescriptor != null) ? Parcelable.CONTENTS_FILE_DESCRIPTOR : 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeInt(status);
+        out.writeInt(resourceId);
+        out.writeInt(port);
+        out.writeParcelable(fileDescriptor, Parcelable.PARCELABLE_WRITE_RETURN_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    public IpSecUdpEncapResponse(int inStatus) {
+        if (inStatus == IpSecManager.Status.OK) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Valid status implies other args must be provided");
+        }
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+        port = -1;
+        fileDescriptor = null; // yes I know it's redundant, but readability
+    }
+
+    public IpSecUdpEncapResponse(int inStatus, int inResourceId, int inPort, FileDescriptor inFd)
+            throws IOException {
+        if (inStatus == IpSecManager.Status.OK && inFd == null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Valid status implies FD must be non-null");
+        }
+        status = inStatus;
+        resourceId = inResourceId;
+        port = inPort;
+        fileDescriptor = (status == IpSecManager.Status.OK) ? ParcelFileDescriptor.dup(inFd) : null;
+    }
+
+    private IpSecUdpEncapResponse(Parcel in) {
+        status = in.readInt();
+        resourceId = in.readInt();
+        port = in.readInt();
+        fileDescriptor = in.readParcelable(ParcelFileDescriptor.class.getClassLoader(), android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor.class);
+    }
+
+    @android.annotation.NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<IpSecUdpEncapResponse> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<IpSecUdpEncapResponse>() {
+                public IpSecUdpEncapResponse createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    return new IpSecUdpEncapResponse(in);
+                }
+
+                public IpSecUdpEncapResponse[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new IpSecUdpEncapResponse[size];
+                }
+            };
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da5f88d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.service.NetworkIdentityProto;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkIdentityUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Network definition that includes strong identity. Analogous to combining
+ * {@link NetworkCapabilities} and an IMSI.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public class NetworkIdentity {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkIdentity";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Remove this after migrating all callers to use
+    //  {@link NetworkTemplate#NETWORK_TYPE_ALL} instead.
+    public static final int SUBTYPE_COMBINED = -1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "OEM_MANAGED_" }, flag = true, value = {
+            NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO,
+            NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PAID,
+            NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE
+    })
+    public @interface OemManaged{}
+
+    /**
+     * Network has no {@code NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_*}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_NONE = 0x0;
+    /**
+     * Network has {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_PAID = 1 << 0;
+    /**
+     * Network has {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_PRIVATE = 1 << 1;
+
+    private static final long SUPPORTED_OEM_MANAGED_TYPES = OEM_PAID | OEM_PRIVATE;
+
+    final int mType;
+    final int mRatType;
+    final int mSubId;
+    final String mSubscriberId;
+    final String mWifiNetworkKey;
+    final boolean mRoaming;
+    final boolean mMetered;
+    final boolean mDefaultNetwork;
+    final int mOemManaged;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkIdentity(
+            int type, int ratType, @Nullable String subscriberId, @Nullable String wifiNetworkKey,
+            boolean roaming, boolean metered, boolean defaultNetwork, int oemManaged, int subId) {
+        mType = type;
+        mRatType = ratType;
+        mSubscriberId = subscriberId;
+        mWifiNetworkKey = wifiNetworkKey;
+        mRoaming = roaming;
+        mMetered = metered;
+        mDefaultNetwork = defaultNetwork;
+        mOemManaged = oemManaged;
+        mSubId = subId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mType, mRatType, mSubscriberId, mWifiNetworkKey, mRoaming, mMetered,
+                mDefaultNetwork, mOemManaged, mSubId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof NetworkIdentity) {
+            final NetworkIdentity ident = (NetworkIdentity) obj;
+            return mType == ident.mType && mRatType == ident.mRatType && mRoaming == ident.mRoaming
+                    && Objects.equals(mSubscriberId, ident.mSubscriberId)
+                    && Objects.equals(mWifiNetworkKey, ident.mWifiNetworkKey)
+                    && mMetered == ident.mMetered
+                    && mDefaultNetwork == ident.mDefaultNetwork
+                    && mOemManaged == ident.mOemManaged
+                    && mSubId == ident.mSubId;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("{");
+        builder.append("type=").append(mType);
+        builder.append(", ratType=");
+        if (mRatType == NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+            builder.append("COMBINED");
+        } else {
+            builder.append(mRatType);
+        }
+        if (mSubscriberId != null) {
+            builder.append(", subscriberId=")
+                    .append(NetworkIdentityUtils.scrubSubscriberId(mSubscriberId));
+        }
+        if (mWifiNetworkKey != null) {
+            builder.append(", wifiNetworkKey=").append(mWifiNetworkKey);
+        }
+        if (mRoaming) {
+            builder.append(", ROAMING");
+        }
+        builder.append(", metered=").append(mMetered);
+        builder.append(", defaultNetwork=").append(mDefaultNetwork);
+        builder.append(", oemManaged=").append(getOemManagedNames(mOemManaged));
+        builder.append(", subId=").append(mSubId);
+        return builder.append("}").toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the human readable representation of a bitfield representing the OEM managed state of a
+     * network.
+     */
+    static String getOemManagedNames(int oemManaged) {
+        if (oemManaged == OEM_NONE) {
+            return "OEM_NONE";
+        }
+        final int[] bitPositions = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(oemManaged);
+        final ArrayList<String> oemManagedNames = new ArrayList<String>();
+        for (int position : bitPositions) {
+            oemManagedNames.add(nameOfOemManaged(1 << position));
+        }
+        return String.join(",", oemManagedNames);
+    }
+
+    private static String nameOfOemManaged(int oemManagedBit) {
+        switch (oemManagedBit) {
+            case OEM_PAID:
+                return "OEM_PAID";
+            case OEM_PRIVATE:
+                return "OEM_PRIVATE";
+            default:
+                return "Invalid(" + oemManagedBit + ")";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dumpDebug(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag) {
+        final long start = proto.start(tag);
+
+        proto.write(NetworkIdentityProto.TYPE, mType);
+
+        // TODO: dump mRatType as well.
+
+        proto.write(NetworkIdentityProto.ROAMING, mRoaming);
+        proto.write(NetworkIdentityProto.METERED, mMetered);
+        proto.write(NetworkIdentityProto.DEFAULT_NETWORK, mDefaultNetwork);
+        proto.write(NetworkIdentityProto.OEM_MANAGED_NETWORK, mOemManaged);
+
+        proto.end(start);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the network type of this instance. */
+    public int getType() {
+        return mType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type of this instance. */
+    public int getRatType() {
+        return mRatType;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the Subscriber Id of this instance. */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getSubscriberId() {
+        return mSubscriberId;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the Wifi Network Key of this instance. See {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}. */
+    @Nullable
+    public String getWifiNetworkKey() {
+        return mWifiNetworkKey;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Remove this function after all callers are removed.
+    public boolean getRoaming() {
+        return mRoaming;
+    }
+
+    /** Return whether this network is roaming. */
+    public boolean isRoaming() {
+        return mRoaming;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Remove this function after all callers are removed.
+    public boolean getMetered() {
+        return mMetered;
+    }
+
+    /** Return whether this network is metered. */
+    public boolean isMetered() {
+        return mMetered;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Remove this function after all callers are removed.
+    public boolean getDefaultNetwork() {
+        return mDefaultNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /** Return whether this network is the default network. */
+    public boolean isDefaultNetwork() {
+        return mDefaultNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the OEM managed type of this instance. */
+    public int getOemManaged() {
+        return mOemManaged;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the SubId of this instance. */
+    public int getSubId() {
+        return mSubId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Assemble a {@link NetworkIdentity} from the passed arguments.
+     *
+     * This methods builds an identity based on the capabilities of the network in the
+     * snapshot and other passed arguments. The identity is used as a key to record data usage.
+     *
+     * @param snapshot the snapshot of network state. See {@link NetworkStateSnapshot}.
+     * @param defaultNetwork whether the network is a default network.
+     * @param ratType the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type of the network. Or
+     *                {@link TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN} if not applicable.
+     *                See {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
+     * @hide
+     * @deprecated See {@link NetworkIdentity.Builder}.
+     */
+    // TODO: Remove this after all callers are migrated to use new Api.
+    @Deprecated
+    @NonNull
+    public static NetworkIdentity buildNetworkIdentity(Context context,
+            @NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot, boolean defaultNetwork, int ratType) {
+        final NetworkIdentity.Builder builder = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                .setNetworkStateSnapshot(snapshot).setDefaultNetwork(defaultNetwork)
+                .setSubId(snapshot.getSubId());
+        if (snapshot.getLegacyType() == TYPE_MOBILE && ratType != NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+            builder.setRatType(ratType);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds a bitfield of {@code NetworkIdentity.OEM_*} based on {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static int getOemBitfield(@NonNull NetworkCapabilities nc) {
+        int oemManaged = OEM_NONE;
+
+        if (nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID)) {
+            oemManaged |= OEM_PAID;
+        }
+        if (nc.hasCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE)) {
+            oemManaged |= OEM_PRIVATE;
+        }
+
+        return oemManaged;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static int compare(@NonNull NetworkIdentity left, @NonNull NetworkIdentity right) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(right);
+        int res = Integer.compare(left.mType, right.mType);
+        if (res == 0) {
+            res = Integer.compare(left.mRatType, right.mRatType);
+        }
+        if (res == 0 && left.mSubscriberId != null && right.mSubscriberId != null) {
+            res = left.mSubscriberId.compareTo(right.mSubscriberId);
+        }
+        if (res == 0 && left.mWifiNetworkKey != null && right.mWifiNetworkKey != null) {
+            res = left.mWifiNetworkKey.compareTo(right.mWifiNetworkKey);
+        }
+        if (res == 0) {
+            res = Boolean.compare(left.mRoaming, right.mRoaming);
+        }
+        if (res == 0) {
+            res = Boolean.compare(left.mMetered, right.mMetered);
+        }
+        if (res == 0) {
+            res = Boolean.compare(left.mDefaultNetwork, right.mDefaultNetwork);
+        }
+        if (res == 0) {
+            res = Integer.compare(left.mOemManaged, right.mOemManaged);
+        }
+        if (res == 0) {
+            res = Integer.compare(left.mSubId, right.mSubId);
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class for {@link NetworkIdentity}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        // Need to be synchronized with ConnectivityManager.
+        // TODO: Use {@link ConnectivityManager#MAX_NETWORK_TYPE} when this file is in the module.
+        private static final int MAX_NETWORK_TYPE = 18; // TYPE_TEST
+        private static final int MIN_NETWORK_TYPE = TYPE_MOBILE;
+
+        private int mType;
+        private int mRatType;
+        private String mSubscriberId;
+        private String mWifiNetworkKey;
+        private boolean mRoaming;
+        private boolean mMetered;
+        private boolean mDefaultNetwork;
+        private int mOemManaged;
+        private int mSubId;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder.
+         */
+        public Builder() {
+            // Initialize with default values. Will be overwritten by setters.
+            mType = ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+            mRatType = NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
+            mSubscriberId = null;
+            mWifiNetworkKey = null;
+            mRoaming = false;
+            mMetered = false;
+            mDefaultNetwork = false;
+            mOemManaged = NetworkTemplate.OEM_MANAGED_NO;
+            mSubId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add an {@link NetworkStateSnapshot} into the {@link NetworkIdentity} instance.
+         * This is a useful shorthand that will read from the snapshot and set the
+         * following fields, if they are set in the snapshot :
+         *  - type
+         *  - subscriberId
+         *  - roaming
+         *  - metered
+         *  - oemManaged
+         *  - wifiNetworkKey
+         *
+         * @param snapshot The target {@link NetworkStateSnapshot} object.
+         * @return The builder object.
+         */
+        @SuppressLint("MissingGetterMatchingBuilder")
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot) {
+            setType(snapshot.getLegacyType());
+
+            setSubscriberId(snapshot.getSubscriberId());
+            setRoaming(!snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().hasCapability(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
+            setMetered(!(snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().hasCapability(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                    || snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().hasCapability(
+                    NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)));
+
+            setOemManaged(getOemBitfield(snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities()));
+
+            if (mType == TYPE_WIFI) {
+                final TransportInfo transportInfo = snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities()
+                        .getTransportInfo();
+                if (transportInfo instanceof WifiInfo) {
+                    final WifiInfo info = (WifiInfo) transportInfo;
+                    setWifiNetworkKey(info.getNetworkKey());
+                }
+            }
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the network type of the network.
+         *
+         * @param type the network type. See {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_*}.
+         *
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setType(int type) {
+            // Include TYPE_NONE for compatibility, type field might not be filled by some
+            // networks such as test networks.
+            if ((type < MIN_NETWORK_TYPE || MAX_NETWORK_TYPE < type)
+                    && type != ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid network type: " + type);
+            }
+            mType = type;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type of the network.
+         *
+         * No RAT type is specified by default. Call clearRatType to reset.
+         *
+         * @param ratType the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type if applicable. See
+         *                {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
+         *
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRatType(int ratType) {
+            if (!CollectionUtils.contains(TelephonyManager.getAllNetworkTypes(), ratType)
+                    && ratType != TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN
+                    && ratType != NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid ratType " + ratType);
+            }
+            mRatType = ratType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Clear the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type of the network.
+         *
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder clearRatType() {
+            mRatType = NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Subscriber Id.
+         *
+         * @param subscriberId the Subscriber Id of the network. Or null if not applicable.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setSubscriberId(@Nullable String subscriberId) {
+            mSubscriberId = subscriberId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Wifi Network Key.
+         *
+         * @param wifiNetworkKey Wifi Network Key of the network,
+         *                        see {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}.
+         *                        Or null if not applicable.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setWifiNetworkKey(@Nullable String wifiNetworkKey) {
+            mWifiNetworkKey = wifiNetworkKey;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether this network is roaming.
+         *
+         * This field is false by default. Call with false to reset.
+         *
+         * @param roaming the roaming status of the network.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRoaming(boolean roaming) {
+            mRoaming = roaming;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether this network is metered.
+         *
+         * This field is false by default. Call with false to reset.
+         *
+         * @param metered the meteredness of the network.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setMetered(boolean metered) {
+            mMetered = metered;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set whether this network is the default network.
+         *
+         * This field is false by default. Call with false to reset.
+         *
+         * @param defaultNetwork the default network status of the network.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setDefaultNetwork(boolean defaultNetwork) {
+            mDefaultNetwork = defaultNetwork;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the OEM managed type.
+         *
+         * @param oemManaged Type of OEM managed network or unmanaged networks.
+         *                   See {@code NetworkTemplate#OEM_MANAGED_*}.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setOemManaged(@OemManaged int oemManaged) {
+            // Assert input does not contain illegal oemManage bits.
+            if ((~SUPPORTED_OEM_MANAGED_TYPES & oemManaged) != 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid value for OemManaged : " + oemManaged);
+            }
+            mOemManaged = oemManaged;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Subscription Id.
+         *
+         * @param subId the Subscription Id of the network. Or INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID if not
+         *              applicable.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setSubId(int subId) {
+            mSubId = subId;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private void ensureValidParameters() {
+            // Assert non-mobile network cannot have a ratType.
+            if (mType != TYPE_MOBILE && mRatType != NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Invalid ratType " + mRatType + " for type " + mType);
+            }
+
+            // Assert non-wifi network cannot have a wifi network key.
+            if (mType != TYPE_WIFI && mWifiNetworkKey != null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid wifi network key for type " + mType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the instance of the {@link NetworkIdentity}.
+         *
+         * @return the built instance of {@link NetworkIdentity}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkIdentity build() {
+            ensureValidParameters();
+            return new NetworkIdentity(mType, mRatType, mSubscriberId, mWifiNetworkKey,
+                    mRoaming, mMetered, mDefaultNetwork, mOemManaged, mSubId);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad3a958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentitySet.java
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.service.NetworkIdentitySetProto;
+import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
+
+import java.io.DataInput;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Identity of a {@code iface}, defined by the set of {@link NetworkIdentity}
+ * active on that interface.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NetworkIdentitySet extends HashSet<NetworkIdentity> {
+    private static final int VERSION_INIT = 1;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_ROAMING = 2;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_NETWORK_ID = 3;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_METERED = 4;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_DEFAULT_NETWORK = 5;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_OEM_MANAGED_NETWORK = 6;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_SUB_ID = 7;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@link NetworkIdentitySet} object.
+     */
+    public NetworkIdentitySet() {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkIdentitySet(@NonNull Set<NetworkIdentity> ident) {
+        super(ident);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkIdentitySet(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+        final int version = in.readInt();
+        final int size = in.readInt();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            if (version <= VERSION_INIT) {
+                final int ignored = in.readInt();
+            }
+            final int type = in.readInt();
+            final int ratType = in.readInt();
+            final String subscriberId = readOptionalString(in);
+            final String networkId;
+            if (version >= VERSION_ADD_NETWORK_ID) {
+                networkId = readOptionalString(in);
+            } else {
+                networkId = null;
+            }
+            final boolean roaming;
+            if (version >= VERSION_ADD_ROAMING) {
+                roaming = in.readBoolean();
+            } else {
+                roaming = false;
+            }
+
+            final boolean metered;
+            if (version >= VERSION_ADD_METERED) {
+                metered = in.readBoolean();
+            } else {
+                // If this is the old data and the type is mobile, treat it as metered. (Note that
+                // if this is a mobile network, TYPE_MOBILE is the only possible type that could be
+                // used.)
+                metered = (type == TYPE_MOBILE);
+            }
+
+            final boolean defaultNetwork;
+            if (version >= VERSION_ADD_DEFAULT_NETWORK) {
+                defaultNetwork = in.readBoolean();
+            } else {
+                defaultNetwork = true;
+            }
+
+            final int oemNetCapabilities;
+            if (version >= VERSION_ADD_OEM_MANAGED_NETWORK) {
+                oemNetCapabilities = in.readInt();
+            } else {
+                oemNetCapabilities = NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE;
+            }
+
+            final int subId;
+            if (version >= VERSION_ADD_SUB_ID) {
+                subId = in.readInt();
+            } else {
+                subId = INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+            }
+
+            add(new NetworkIdentity(type, ratType, subscriberId, networkId, roaming, metered,
+                    defaultNetwork, oemNetCapabilities, subId));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method to serialize this object into a {@code DataOutput}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void writeToStream(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeInt(VERSION_ADD_SUB_ID);
+        out.writeInt(size());
+        for (NetworkIdentity ident : this) {
+            out.writeInt(ident.getType());
+            out.writeInt(ident.getRatType());
+            writeOptionalString(out, ident.getSubscriberId());
+            writeOptionalString(out, ident.getWifiNetworkKey());
+            out.writeBoolean(ident.isRoaming());
+            out.writeBoolean(ident.isMetered());
+            out.writeBoolean(ident.isDefaultNetwork());
+            out.writeInt(ident.getOemManaged());
+            out.writeInt(ident.getSubId());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether any {@link NetworkIdentity} in this set is considered metered.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isAnyMemberMetered() {
+        if (isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (NetworkIdentity ident : this) {
+            if (ident.isMetered()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether any {@link NetworkIdentity} in this set is considered roaming.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean isAnyMemberRoaming() {
+        if (isEmpty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (NetworkIdentity ident : this) {
+            if (ident.isRoaming()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return whether any {@link NetworkIdentity} in this set is considered on the default
+     *         network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean areAllMembersOnDefaultNetwork() {
+        if (isEmpty()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        for (NetworkIdentity ident : this) {
+            if (!ident.isDefaultNetwork()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private static void writeOptionalString(DataOutput out, String value) throws IOException {
+        if (value != null) {
+            out.writeByte(1);
+            out.writeUTF(value);
+        } else {
+            out.writeByte(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String readOptionalString(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+        if (in.readByte() != 0) {
+            return in.readUTF();
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static int compare(@NonNull NetworkIdentitySet left, @NonNull NetworkIdentitySet right) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(left);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(right);
+        if (left.isEmpty()) return -1;
+        if (right.isEmpty()) return 1;
+
+        final NetworkIdentity leftIdent = left.iterator().next();
+        final NetworkIdentity rightIdent = right.iterator().next();
+        return NetworkIdentity.compare(leftIdent, rightIdent);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method to dump this object into proto debug file.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void dumpDebug(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag) {
+        final long start = proto.start(tag);
+
+        for (NetworkIdentity ident : this) {
+            ident.dumpDebug(proto, NetworkIdentitySetProto.IDENTITIES);
+        }
+
+        proto.end(start);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c018e91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStateSnapshot.java
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkIdentityUtils;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Snapshot of network state.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class NetworkStateSnapshot implements Parcelable {
+    /** The network associated with this snapshot. */
+    @NonNull
+    private final Network mNetwork;
+
+    /** The {@link NetworkCapabilities} of the network associated with this snapshot. */
+    @NonNull
+    private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
+
+    /** The {@link LinkProperties} of the network associated with this snapshot. */
+    @NonNull
+    private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+
+    /**
+     * The Subscriber Id of the network associated with this snapshot. See
+     * {@link android.telephony.TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId()}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private final String mSubscriberId;
+
+    /**
+     * The legacy type of the network associated with this snapshot. See
+     * {@code ConnectivityManager#TYPE_*}.
+     */
+    private final int mLegacyType;
+
+    public NetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+            @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
+            @Nullable String subscriberId, int legacyType) {
+        mNetwork = Objects.requireNonNull(network);
+        mNetworkCapabilities = Objects.requireNonNull(networkCapabilities);
+        mLinkProperties = Objects.requireNonNull(linkProperties);
+        mSubscriberId = subscriberId;
+        mLegacyType = legacyType;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStateSnapshot(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        mNetwork = in.readParcelable(null, android.net.Network.class);
+        mNetworkCapabilities = in.readParcelable(null, android.net.NetworkCapabilities.class);
+        mLinkProperties = in.readParcelable(null, android.net.LinkProperties.class);
+        mSubscriberId = in.readString();
+        mLegacyType = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    /** Get the network associated with this snapshot */
+    @NonNull
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /** Get {@link NetworkCapabilities} of the network associated with this snapshot. */
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities() {
+        return mNetworkCapabilities;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the {@link LinkProperties} of the network associated with this snapshot. */
+    @NonNull
+    public LinkProperties getLinkProperties() {
+        return mLinkProperties;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Subscriber Id of the network associated with this snapshot.
+     * @deprecated Please use #getSubId, which doesn't return personally identifiable
+     * information.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    @Nullable
+    public String getSubscriberId() {
+        return mSubscriberId;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the subId of the network associated with this snapshot. */
+    public int getSubId() {
+        if (mNetworkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            final NetworkSpecifier spec = mNetworkCapabilities.getNetworkSpecifier();
+            if (spec instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+                return ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) spec).getSubscriptionId();
+            }
+        }
+        return INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+    }
+
+
+    /**
+     * Get the legacy type of the network associated with this snapshot.
+     * @return the legacy network type. See {@code ConnectivityManager#TYPE_*}.
+     */
+    public int getLegacyType() {
+        return mLegacyType;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeParcelable(mNetwork, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(mNetworkCapabilities, flags);
+        out.writeParcelable(mLinkProperties, flags);
+        out.writeString(mSubscriberId);
+        out.writeInt(mLegacyType);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Creator<NetworkStateSnapshot> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<NetworkStateSnapshot>() {
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStateSnapshot createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+            return new NetworkStateSnapshot(in);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStateSnapshot[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkStateSnapshot[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (!(o instanceof NetworkStateSnapshot)) return false;
+        NetworkStateSnapshot that = (NetworkStateSnapshot) o;
+        return mLegacyType == that.mLegacyType
+                && Objects.equals(mNetwork, that.mNetwork)
+                && Objects.equals(mNetworkCapabilities, that.mNetworkCapabilities)
+                && Objects.equals(mLinkProperties, that.mLinkProperties)
+                && Objects.equals(mSubscriberId, that.mSubscriberId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mNetwork,
+                mNetworkCapabilities, mLinkProperties, mSubscriberId, mLegacyType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "NetworkStateSnapshot{"
+                + "network=" + mNetwork
+                + ", networkCapabilities=" + mNetworkCapabilities
+                + ", linkProperties=" + mLinkProperties
+                + ", subscriberId='" + NetworkIdentityUtils.scrubSubscriberId(mSubscriberId) + '\''
+                + ", legacyType=" + mLegacyType
+                + '}';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStats.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcfeab9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStats.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1860 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.multiplySafeByRational;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+
+import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
+
+import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.Predicate;
+
+/**
+ * Collection of active network statistics. Can contain summary details across
+ * all interfaces, or details with per-UID granularity. Internally stores data
+ * as a large table, closely matching {@code /proc/} data format. This structure
+ * optimizes for rapid in-memory comparison, but consider using
+ * {@link NetworkStatsHistory} when persisting.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+// @NotThreadSafe
+@SystemApi
+public final class NetworkStats implements Parcelable, Iterable<NetworkStats.Entry> {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStats";
+
+    /**
+     * {@link #iface} value when interface details unavailable.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable public static final String IFACE_ALL = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Virtual network interface for video telephony. This is for VT data usage counting
+     * purpose.
+     */
+    public static final String IFACE_VT = "vt_data0";
+
+    /** {@link #uid} value when UID details unavailable. */
+    public static final int UID_ALL = -1;
+    /** Special UID value for data usage by tethering. */
+    public static final int UID_TETHERING = -5;
+
+    /**
+     * {@link #tag} value matching any tag.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: Rename TAG_ALL to TAG_ANY.
+    public static final int TAG_ALL = -1;
+    /** {@link #set} value for all sets combined, not including debug sets. */
+    public static final int SET_ALL = -1;
+    /** {@link #set} value where background data is accounted. */
+    public static final int SET_DEFAULT = 0;
+    /** {@link #set} value where foreground data is accounted. */
+    public static final int SET_FOREGROUND = 1;
+    /**
+     * All {@link #set} value greater than SET_DEBUG_START are debug {@link #set} values.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int SET_DEBUG_START = 1000;
+    /**
+     * Debug {@link #set} value when the VPN stats are moved in.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int SET_DBG_VPN_IN = 1001;
+    /**
+     * Debug {@link #set} value when the VPN stats are moved out of a vpn UID.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int SET_DBG_VPN_OUT = 1002;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "SET_" }, value = {
+            SET_ALL,
+            SET_DEFAULT,
+            SET_FOREGROUND,
+    })
+    public @interface State {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Include all interfaces when filtering
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @Nullable static final String[] INTERFACES_ALL = null;
+
+    /** {@link #tag} value for total data across all tags. */
+    public static final int TAG_NONE = 0;
+
+    /** {@link #metered} value to account for all metered states. */
+    public static final int METERED_ALL = -1;
+    /** {@link #metered} value where native, unmetered data is accounted. */
+    public static final int METERED_NO = 0;
+    /** {@link #metered} value where metered data is accounted. */
+    public static final int METERED_YES = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "METERED_" }, value = {
+            METERED_ALL,
+            METERED_NO,
+            METERED_YES
+    })
+    public @interface Meteredness {
+    }
+
+
+    /** {@link #roaming} value to account for all roaming states. */
+    public static final int ROAMING_ALL = -1;
+    /** {@link #roaming} value where native, non-roaming data is accounted. */
+    public static final int ROAMING_NO = 0;
+    /** {@link #roaming} value where roaming data is accounted. */
+    public static final int ROAMING_YES = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "ROAMING_" }, value = {
+            ROAMING_ALL,
+            ROAMING_NO,
+            ROAMING_YES
+    })
+    public @interface Roaming {
+    }
+
+    /** {@link #onDefaultNetwork} value to account for all default network states. */
+    public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL = -1;
+    /** {@link #onDefaultNetwork} value to account for usage while not the default network. */
+    public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO = 0;
+    /** {@link #onDefaultNetwork} value to account for usage while the default network. */
+    public static final int DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "DEFAULT_NETWORK_" }, value = {
+            DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL,
+            DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+            DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES
+    })
+    public @interface DefaultNetwork {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Denotes a request for stats at the interface level.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int STATS_PER_IFACE = 0;
+    /**
+     * Denotes a request for stats at the interface and UID level.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int STATS_PER_UID = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "STATS_PER_" }, value = {
+            STATS_PER_IFACE,
+            STATS_PER_UID
+    })
+    public @interface StatsType {
+    }
+
+    private static final String CLATD_INTERFACE_PREFIX = "v4-";
+    // Delta between IPv4 header (20b) and IPv6 header (40b).
+    // Used for correct stats accounting on clatd interfaces.
+    private static final int IPV4V6_HEADER_DELTA = 20;
+
+    // TODO: move fields to "mVariable" notation
+
+    /**
+     * {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime()} timestamp in milliseconds when this data was
+     * generated.
+     * It's a timestamps delta when {@link #subtract()},
+     * {@code INetworkStatsSession#getSummaryForAllUid()} methods are used.
+     */
+    private long elapsedRealtime;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private int size;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private int capacity;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private String[] iface;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    private int[] uid;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    private int[] set;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    private int[] tag;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private int[] metered;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private int[] roaming;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private int[] defaultNetwork;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    private long[] rxBytes;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private long[] rxPackets;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    private long[] txBytes;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private long[] txPackets;
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    private long[] operations;
+
+    /**
+     * Basic element of network statistics. Contains the number of packets and number of bytes
+     * transferred on both directions in a given set of conditions. See
+     * {@link Entry#Entry(String, int, int, int, int, int, int, long, long, long, long, long)}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static class Entry {
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public String iface;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        public int uid;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        public int set;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public int tag;
+        /**
+         * Note that this is only populated w/ the default value when read from /proc or written
+         * to disk. We merge in the correct value when reporting this value to clients of
+         * getSummary().
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public int metered;
+        /**
+         * Note that this is only populated w/ the default value when read from /proc or written
+         * to disk. We merge in the correct value when reporting this value to clients of
+         * getSummary().
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public int roaming;
+        /**
+         * Note that this is only populated w/ the default value when read from /proc or written
+         * to disk. We merge in the correct value when reporting this value to clients of
+         * getSummary().
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public int defaultNetwork;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        public long rxBytes;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long rxPackets;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        public long txBytes;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long txPackets;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long operations;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public Entry() {
+            this(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public Entry(long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+            this(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets,
+                    operations);
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public Entry(String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+                long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+            this(iface, uid, set, tag, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
+                    rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Construct a {@link Entry} object by giving statistics of packet and byte transferred on
+         * both direction, and associated with a set of given conditions.
+         *
+         * @param iface interface name of this {@link Entry}. Or null if not specified.
+         * @param uid uid of this {@link Entry}. {@link #UID_TETHERING} if this {@link Entry} is
+         *            for tethering. Or {@link #UID_ALL} if this {@link NetworkStats} is only
+         *            counting iface stats.
+         * @param set usage state of this {@link Entry}.
+         * @param tag tag of this {@link Entry}.
+         * @param metered metered state of this {@link Entry}.
+         * @param roaming roaming state of this {@link Entry}.
+         * @param defaultNetwork default network status of this {@link Entry}.
+         * @param rxBytes Number of bytes received for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param rxPackets Number of packets received for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                  represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param txBytes Number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param txPackets Number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                  represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param operations count of network operations performed for this {@link Entry}. This can
+         *                   be used to derive bytes-per-operation.
+         */
+        public Entry(@Nullable String iface, int uid, @State int set, int tag,
+                @Meteredness int metered, @Roaming int roaming, @DefaultNetwork int defaultNetwork,
+                long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+            this.iface = iface;
+            this.uid = uid;
+            this.set = set;
+            this.tag = tag;
+            this.metered = metered;
+            this.roaming = roaming;
+            this.defaultNetwork = defaultNetwork;
+            this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+            this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+            this.txBytes = txBytes;
+            this.txPackets = txPackets;
+            this.operations = operations;
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public boolean isNegative() {
+            return rxBytes < 0 || rxPackets < 0 || txBytes < 0 || txPackets < 0 || operations < 0;
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public boolean isEmpty() {
+            return rxBytes == 0 && rxPackets == 0 && txBytes == 0 && txPackets == 0
+                    && operations == 0;
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public void add(Entry another) {
+            this.rxBytes += another.rxBytes;
+            this.rxPackets += another.rxPackets;
+            this.txBytes += another.txBytes;
+            this.txPackets += another.txPackets;
+            this.operations += another.operations;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return interface name of this entry.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Nullable public String getIface() {
+            return iface;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the uid of this entry.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getUid() {
+            return uid;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the set state of this entry.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        @State public int getSet() {
+            return set;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the tag value of this entry.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getTag() {
+            return tag;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the metered state.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Meteredness
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getMetered() {
+            return metered;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the roaming state.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Roaming
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getRoaming() {
+            return roaming;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the default network state.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @DefaultNetwork
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public int getDefaultNetwork() {
+            return defaultNetwork;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the number of received bytes.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public long getRxBytes() {
+            return rxBytes;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the number of received packets.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public long getRxPackets() {
+            return rxPackets;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the number of transmitted bytes.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public long getTxBytes() {
+            return txBytes;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the number of transmitted packets.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public long getTxPackets() {
+            return txPackets;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @return the count of network operations performed for this entry.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public long getOperations() {
+            return operations;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.append("iface=").append(iface);
+            builder.append(" uid=").append(uid);
+            builder.append(" set=").append(setToString(set));
+            builder.append(" tag=").append(tagToString(tag));
+            builder.append(" metered=").append(meteredToString(metered));
+            builder.append(" roaming=").append(roamingToString(roaming));
+            builder.append(" defaultNetwork=").append(defaultNetworkToString(defaultNetwork));
+            builder.append(" rxBytes=").append(rxBytes);
+            builder.append(" rxPackets=").append(rxPackets);
+            builder.append(" txBytes=").append(txBytes);
+            builder.append(" txPackets=").append(txPackets);
+            builder.append(" operations=").append(operations);
+            return builder.toString();
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object o) {
+            if (o instanceof Entry) {
+                final Entry e = (Entry) o;
+                return uid == e.uid && set == e.set && tag == e.tag && metered == e.metered
+                        && roaming == e.roaming && defaultNetwork == e.defaultNetwork
+                        && rxBytes == e.rxBytes && rxPackets == e.rxPackets
+                        && txBytes == e.txBytes && txPackets == e.txPackets
+                        && operations == e.operations && TextUtils.equals(iface, e.iface);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork, iface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStats(long elapsedRealtime, int initialSize) {
+        this.elapsedRealtime = elapsedRealtime;
+        this.size = 0;
+        if (initialSize > 0) {
+            this.capacity = initialSize;
+            this.iface = new String[initialSize];
+            this.uid = new int[initialSize];
+            this.set = new int[initialSize];
+            this.tag = new int[initialSize];
+            this.metered = new int[initialSize];
+            this.roaming = new int[initialSize];
+            this.defaultNetwork = new int[initialSize];
+            this.rxBytes = new long[initialSize];
+            this.rxPackets = new long[initialSize];
+            this.txBytes = new long[initialSize];
+            this.txPackets = new long[initialSize];
+            this.operations = new long[initialSize];
+        } else {
+            // Special case for use by NetworkStatsFactory to start out *really* empty.
+            clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public NetworkStats(Parcel parcel) {
+        elapsedRealtime = parcel.readLong();
+        size = parcel.readInt();
+        capacity = parcel.readInt();
+        iface = parcel.createStringArray();
+        uid = parcel.createIntArray();
+        set = parcel.createIntArray();
+        tag = parcel.createIntArray();
+        metered = parcel.createIntArray();
+        roaming = parcel.createIntArray();
+        defaultNetwork = parcel.createIntArray();
+        rxBytes = parcel.createLongArray();
+        rxPackets = parcel.createLongArray();
+        txBytes = parcel.createLongArray();
+        txPackets = parcel.createLongArray();
+        operations = parcel.createLongArray();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeLong(elapsedRealtime);
+        dest.writeInt(size);
+        dest.writeInt(capacity);
+        dest.writeStringArray(iface);
+        dest.writeIntArray(uid);
+        dest.writeIntArray(set);
+        dest.writeIntArray(tag);
+        dest.writeIntArray(metered);
+        dest.writeIntArray(roaming);
+        dest.writeIntArray(defaultNetwork);
+        dest.writeLongArray(rxBytes);
+        dest.writeLongArray(rxPackets);
+        dest.writeLongArray(txBytes);
+        dest.writeLongArray(txPackets);
+        dest.writeLongArray(operations);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Override
+    public NetworkStats clone() {
+        final NetworkStats clone = new NetworkStats(elapsedRealtime, size);
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            entry = getValues(i, entry);
+            clone.insertEntry(entry);
+        }
+        return clone;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all data stored in this object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        this.capacity = 0;
+        this.iface = EmptyArray.STRING;
+        this.uid = EmptyArray.INT;
+        this.set = EmptyArray.INT;
+        this.tag = EmptyArray.INT;
+        this.metered = EmptyArray.INT;
+        this.roaming = EmptyArray.INT;
+        this.defaultNetwork = EmptyArray.INT;
+        this.rxBytes = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        this.rxPackets = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        this.txBytes = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        this.txPackets = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        this.operations = EmptyArray.LONG;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStats insertEntry(
+            String iface, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets) {
+        return insertEntry(
+                iface, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, 0L);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStats insertEntry(String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, long rxBytes,
+            long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        return insertEntry(new Entry(
+                iface, uid, set, tag, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations));
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStats insertEntry(String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, int metered,
+            int roaming, int defaultNetwork, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes,
+            long txPackets, long operations) {
+        return insertEntry(new Entry(
+                iface, uid, set, tag, metered, roaming, defaultNetwork, rxBytes, rxPackets,
+                txBytes, txPackets, operations));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add new stats entry, copying from given {@link Entry}. The {@link Entry}
+     * object can be recycled across multiple calls.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStats insertEntry(Entry entry) {
+        if (size >= capacity) {
+            final int newLength = Math.max(size, 10) * 3 / 2;
+            iface = Arrays.copyOf(iface, newLength);
+            uid = Arrays.copyOf(uid, newLength);
+            set = Arrays.copyOf(set, newLength);
+            tag = Arrays.copyOf(tag, newLength);
+            metered = Arrays.copyOf(metered, newLength);
+            roaming = Arrays.copyOf(roaming, newLength);
+            defaultNetwork = Arrays.copyOf(defaultNetwork, newLength);
+            rxBytes = Arrays.copyOf(rxBytes, newLength);
+            rxPackets = Arrays.copyOf(rxPackets, newLength);
+            txBytes = Arrays.copyOf(txBytes, newLength);
+            txPackets = Arrays.copyOf(txPackets, newLength);
+            operations = Arrays.copyOf(operations, newLength);
+            capacity = newLength;
+        }
+
+        setValues(size, entry);
+        size++;
+
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    private void setValues(int i, Entry entry) {
+        iface[i] = entry.iface;
+        uid[i] = entry.uid;
+        set[i] = entry.set;
+        tag[i] = entry.tag;
+        metered[i] = entry.metered;
+        roaming[i] = entry.roaming;
+        defaultNetwork[i] = entry.defaultNetwork;
+        rxBytes[i] = entry.rxBytes;
+        rxPackets[i] = entry.rxPackets;
+        txBytes[i] = entry.txBytes;
+        txPackets[i] = entry.txPackets;
+        operations[i] = entry.operations;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Iterate over Entry objects.
+     *
+     * Return an iterator of this object that will iterate through all contained Entry objects.
+     *
+     * This iterator does not support concurrent modification and makes no guarantee of fail-fast
+     * behavior. If any method that can mutate the contents of this object is called while
+     * iteration is in progress, either inside the loop or in another thread, then behavior is
+     * undefined.
+     * The remove() method is not implemented and will throw UnsupportedOperationException.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @NonNull public Iterator<Entry> iterator() {
+        return new Iterator<Entry>() {
+            int mIndex = 0;
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean hasNext() {
+                return mIndex < size;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public Entry next() {
+                return getValues(mIndex++, null);
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return specific stats entry.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Entry getValues(int i, @Nullable Entry recycle) {
+        final Entry entry = recycle != null ? recycle : new Entry();
+        entry.iface = iface[i];
+        entry.uid = uid[i];
+        entry.set = set[i];
+        entry.tag = tag[i];
+        entry.metered = metered[i];
+        entry.roaming = roaming[i];
+        entry.defaultNetwork = defaultNetwork[i];
+        entry.rxBytes = rxBytes[i];
+        entry.rxPackets = rxPackets[i];
+        entry.txBytes = txBytes[i];
+        entry.txPackets = txPackets[i];
+        entry.operations = operations[i];
+        return entry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * If @{code dest} is not equal to @{code src}, copy entry from index @{code src} to index
+     * @{code dest}.
+     */
+    private void maybeCopyEntry(int dest, int src) {
+        if (dest == src) return;
+        iface[dest] = iface[src];
+        uid[dest] = uid[src];
+        set[dest] = set[src];
+        tag[dest] = tag[src];
+        metered[dest] = metered[src];
+        roaming[dest] = roaming[src];
+        defaultNetwork[dest] = defaultNetwork[src];
+        rxBytes[dest] = rxBytes[src];
+        rxPackets[dest] = rxPackets[src];
+        txBytes[dest] = txBytes[src];
+        txPackets[dest] = txPackets[src];
+        operations[dest] = operations[src];
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public long getElapsedRealtime() {
+        return elapsedRealtime;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void setElapsedRealtime(long time) {
+        elapsedRealtime = time;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return age of this {@link NetworkStats} object with respect to
+     * {@link SystemClock#elapsedRealtime()}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public long getElapsedRealtimeAge() {
+        return SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - elapsedRealtime;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public int size() {
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public int internalSize() {
+        return capacity;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Deprecated
+    public NetworkStats combineValues(String iface, int uid, int tag, long rxBytes, long rxPackets,
+            long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        return combineValues(
+                iface, uid, SET_DEFAULT, tag, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes,
+                txPackets, operations);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStats combineValues(String iface, int uid, int set, int tag,
+            long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+        return combineValues(new Entry(
+                iface, uid, set, tag, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combine given values with an existing row, or create a new row if
+     * {@link #findIndex(String, int, int, int, int, int, int)} is unable to find match. Can
+     * also be used to subtract values from existing rows. This method mutates the referencing
+     * {@link NetworkStats} object.
+     *
+     * @param entry the {@link Entry} to combine.
+     * @return a reference to this mutated {@link NetworkStats} object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkStats combineValues(@NonNull Entry entry) {
+        final int i = findIndex(entry.iface, entry.uid, entry.set, entry.tag, entry.metered,
+                entry.roaming, entry.defaultNetwork);
+        if (i == -1) {
+            // only create new entry when positive contribution
+            insertEntry(entry);
+        } else {
+            rxBytes[i] += entry.rxBytes;
+            rxPackets[i] += entry.rxPackets;
+            txBytes[i] += entry.txBytes;
+            txPackets[i] += entry.txPackets;
+            operations[i] += entry.operations;
+        }
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add given values with an existing row, or create a new row if
+     * {@link #findIndex(String, int, int, int, int, int, int)} is unable to find match. Can
+     * also be used to subtract values from existing rows.
+     *
+     * @param entry the {@link Entry} to add.
+     * @return a new constructed {@link NetworkStats} object that contains the result.
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkStats addEntry(@NonNull Entry entry) {
+        return this.clone().combineValues(entry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the given {@link NetworkStats} objects.
+     *
+     * @return the sum of two objects.
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkStats add(@NonNull NetworkStats another) {
+        final NetworkStats ret = this.clone();
+        ret.combineAllValues(another);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combine all values from another {@link NetworkStats} into this object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void combineAllValues(@NonNull NetworkStats another) {
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < another.size; i++) {
+            entry = another.getValues(i, entry);
+            combineValues(entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find first stats index that matches the requested parameters.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int findIndex(String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, int metered, int roaming,
+            int defaultNetwork) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            if (uid == this.uid[i] && set == this.set[i] && tag == this.tag[i]
+                    && metered == this.metered[i] && roaming == this.roaming[i]
+                    && defaultNetwork == this.defaultNetwork[i]
+                    && Objects.equals(iface, this.iface[i])) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find first stats index that matches the requested parameters, starting
+     * search around the hinted index as an optimization.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public int findIndexHinted(String iface, int uid, int set, int tag, int metered, int roaming,
+            int defaultNetwork, int hintIndex) {
+        for (int offset = 0; offset < size; offset++) {
+            final int halfOffset = offset / 2;
+
+            // search outwards from hint index, alternating forward and backward
+            final int i;
+            if (offset % 2 == 0) {
+                i = (hintIndex + halfOffset) % size;
+            } else {
+                i = (size + hintIndex - halfOffset - 1) % size;
+            }
+
+            if (uid == this.uid[i] && set == this.set[i] && tag == this.tag[i]
+                    && metered == this.metered[i] && roaming == this.roaming[i]
+                    && defaultNetwork == this.defaultNetwork[i]
+                    && Objects.equals(iface, this.iface[i])) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Splice in {@link #operations} from the given {@link NetworkStats} based
+     * on matching {@link #uid} and {@link #tag} rows. Ignores {@link #iface},
+     * since operation counts are at data layer.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void spliceOperationsFrom(NetworkStats stats) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            final int j = stats.findIndex(iface[i], uid[i], set[i], tag[i], metered[i], roaming[i],
+                    defaultNetwork[i]);
+            if (j == -1) {
+                operations[i] = 0;
+            } else {
+                operations[i] = stats.operations[j];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return list of unique interfaces known by this data structure.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public String[] getUniqueIfaces() {
+        final HashSet<String> ifaces = new HashSet<String>();
+        for (String iface : this.iface) {
+            if (iface != IFACE_ALL) {
+                ifaces.add(iface);
+            }
+        }
+        return ifaces.toArray(new String[ifaces.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return list of unique UIDs known by this data structure.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public int[] getUniqueUids() {
+        final SparseBooleanArray uids = new SparseBooleanArray();
+        for (int uid : this.uid) {
+            uids.put(uid, true);
+        }
+
+        final int size = uids.size();
+        final int[] result = new int[size];
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            result[i] = uids.keyAt(i);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total bytes represented by this snapshot object, usually used when
+     * checking if a {@link #subtract(NetworkStats)} delta passes a threshold.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public long getTotalBytes() {
+        final Entry entry = getTotal(null);
+        return entry.rxBytes + entry.txBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total of all fields represented by this snapshot object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Entry getTotal(Entry recycle) {
+        return getTotal(recycle, null, UID_ALL, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total of all fields represented by this snapshot object matching
+     * the requested {@link #uid}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Entry getTotal(Entry recycle, int limitUid) {
+        return getTotal(recycle, null, limitUid, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total of all fields represented by this snapshot object matching
+     * the requested {@link #iface}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public Entry getTotal(Entry recycle, HashSet<String> limitIface) {
+        return getTotal(recycle, limitIface, UID_ALL, false);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Entry getTotalIncludingTags(Entry recycle) {
+        return getTotal(recycle, null, UID_ALL, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total of all fields represented by this snapshot object matching
+     * the requested {@link #iface} and {@link #uid}.
+     *
+     * @param limitIface Set of {@link #iface} to include in total; or {@code
+     *            null} to include all ifaces.
+     */
+    private Entry getTotal(
+            Entry recycle, HashSet<String> limitIface, int limitUid, boolean includeTags) {
+        final Entry entry = recycle != null ? recycle : new Entry();
+
+        entry.iface = IFACE_ALL;
+        entry.uid = limitUid;
+        entry.set = SET_ALL;
+        entry.tag = TAG_NONE;
+        entry.metered = METERED_ALL;
+        entry.roaming = ROAMING_ALL;
+        entry.defaultNetwork = DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+        entry.rxBytes = 0;
+        entry.rxPackets = 0;
+        entry.txBytes = 0;
+        entry.txPackets = 0;
+        entry.operations = 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            final boolean matchesUid = (limitUid == UID_ALL) || (limitUid == uid[i]);
+            final boolean matchesIface = (limitIface == null) || (limitIface.contains(iface[i]));
+
+            if (matchesUid && matchesIface) {
+                // skip specific tags, since already counted in TAG_NONE
+                if (tag[i] != TAG_NONE && !includeTags) continue;
+
+                entry.rxBytes += rxBytes[i];
+                entry.rxPackets += rxPackets[i];
+                entry.txBytes += txBytes[i];
+                entry.txPackets += txPackets[i];
+                entry.operations += operations[i];
+            }
+        }
+        return entry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fast path for battery stats.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public long getTotalPackets() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (int i = size-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            total += rxPackets[i] + txPackets[i];
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Subtract the given {@link NetworkStats}, effectively leaving the delta
+     * between two snapshots in time. Assumes that statistics rows collect over
+     * time, and that none of them have disappeared. This method does not mutate
+     * the referencing object.
+     *
+     * @return the delta between two objects.
+     */
+    public @NonNull NetworkStats subtract(@NonNull NetworkStats right) {
+        return subtract(this, right, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Subtract the two given {@link NetworkStats} objects, returning the delta
+     * between two snapshots in time. Assumes that statistics rows collect over
+     * time, and that none of them have disappeared.
+     * <p>
+     * If counters have rolled backwards, they are clamped to {@code 0} and
+     * reported to the given {@link NonMonotonicObserver}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static <C> NetworkStats subtract(NetworkStats left, NetworkStats right,
+            NonMonotonicObserver<C> observer, C cookie) {
+        return subtract(left, right, observer, cookie, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Subtract the two given {@link NetworkStats} objects, returning the delta
+     * between two snapshots in time. Assumes that statistics rows collect over
+     * time, and that none of them have disappeared.
+     * <p>
+     * If counters have rolled backwards, they are clamped to {@code 0} and
+     * reported to the given {@link NonMonotonicObserver}.
+     * <p>
+     * If <var>recycle</var> is supplied, this NetworkStats object will be
+     * reused (and returned) as the result if it is large enough to contain
+     * the data.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static <C> NetworkStats subtract(NetworkStats left, NetworkStats right,
+            NonMonotonicObserver<C> observer, C cookie, NetworkStats recycle) {
+        long deltaRealtime = left.elapsedRealtime - right.elapsedRealtime;
+        if (deltaRealtime < 0) {
+            if (observer != null) {
+                observer.foundNonMonotonic(left, -1, right, -1, cookie);
+            }
+            deltaRealtime = 0;
+        }
+
+        // result will have our rows, and elapsed time between snapshots
+        final Entry entry = new Entry();
+        final NetworkStats result;
+        if (recycle != null && recycle.capacity >= left.size) {
+            result = recycle;
+            result.size = 0;
+            result.elapsedRealtime = deltaRealtime;
+        } else {
+            result = new NetworkStats(deltaRealtime, left.size);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < left.size; i++) {
+            entry.iface = left.iface[i];
+            entry.uid = left.uid[i];
+            entry.set = left.set[i];
+            entry.tag = left.tag[i];
+            entry.metered = left.metered[i];
+            entry.roaming = left.roaming[i];
+            entry.defaultNetwork = left.defaultNetwork[i];
+            entry.rxBytes = left.rxBytes[i];
+            entry.rxPackets = left.rxPackets[i];
+            entry.txBytes = left.txBytes[i];
+            entry.txPackets = left.txPackets[i];
+            entry.operations = left.operations[i];
+
+            // find remote row that matches, and subtract
+            final int j = right.findIndexHinted(entry.iface, entry.uid, entry.set, entry.tag,
+                    entry.metered, entry.roaming, entry.defaultNetwork, i);
+            if (j != -1) {
+                // Found matching row, subtract remote value.
+                entry.rxBytes -= right.rxBytes[j];
+                entry.rxPackets -= right.rxPackets[j];
+                entry.txBytes -= right.txBytes[j];
+                entry.txPackets -= right.txPackets[j];
+                entry.operations -= right.operations[j];
+            }
+
+            if (entry.isNegative()) {
+                if (observer != null) {
+                    observer.foundNonMonotonic(left, i, right, j, cookie);
+                }
+                entry.rxBytes = Math.max(entry.rxBytes, 0);
+                entry.rxPackets = Math.max(entry.rxPackets, 0);
+                entry.txBytes = Math.max(entry.txBytes, 0);
+                entry.txPackets = Math.max(entry.txPackets, 0);
+                entry.operations = Math.max(entry.operations, 0);
+            }
+
+            result.insertEntry(entry);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculate and apply adjustments to captured statistics for 464xlat traffic.
+     *
+     * <p>This mutates stacked traffic stats, to account for IPv4/IPv6 header size difference.
+     *
+     * <p>UID stats, which are only accounted on the stacked interface, need to be increased
+     * by 20 bytes/packet to account for translation overhead.
+     *
+     * <p>The potential additional overhead of 8 bytes/packet for ip fragments is ignored.
+     *
+     * <p>Interface stats need to sum traffic on both stacked and base interface because:
+     *   - eBPF offloaded packets appear only on the stacked interface
+     *   - Non-offloaded ingress packets appear only on the stacked interface
+     *     (due to iptables raw PREROUTING drop rules)
+     *   - Non-offloaded egress packets appear only on the stacked interface
+     *     (due to ignoring traffic from clat daemon by uid match)
+     * (and of course the 20 bytes/packet overhead needs to be applied to stacked interface stats)
+     *
+     * <p>This method will behave fine if {@code stackedIfaces} is an non-synchronized but add-only
+     * {@code ConcurrentHashMap}
+     * @param baseTraffic Traffic on the base interfaces. Will be mutated.
+     * @param stackedTraffic Stats with traffic stacked on top of our ifaces. Will also be mutated.
+     * @param stackedIfaces Mapping ipv6if -> ipv4if interface where traffic is counted on both.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static void apply464xlatAdjustments(NetworkStats baseTraffic,
+            NetworkStats stackedTraffic, Map<String, String> stackedIfaces) {
+        // For recycling
+        Entry entry = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < stackedTraffic.size; i++) {
+            entry = stackedTraffic.getValues(i, entry);
+            if (entry == null) continue;
+            if (entry.iface == null) continue;
+            if (!entry.iface.startsWith(CLATD_INTERFACE_PREFIX)) continue;
+
+            // For 464xlat traffic, per uid stats only counts the bytes of the native IPv4 packet
+            // sent on the stacked interface with prefix "v4-" and drops the IPv6 header size after
+            // unwrapping. To account correctly for on-the-wire traffic, add the 20 additional bytes
+            // difference for all packets (http://b/12249687, http:/b/33681750).
+            //
+            // Note: this doesn't account for LRO/GRO/GSO/TSO (ie. >mtu) traffic correctly, nor
+            // does it correctly account for the 8 extra bytes in the IPv6 fragmentation header.
+            //
+            // While the ebpf code path does try to simulate proper post segmentation packet
+            // counts, we have nothing of the sort of xt_qtaguid stats.
+            entry.rxBytes += entry.rxPackets * IPV4V6_HEADER_DELTA;
+            entry.txBytes += entry.txPackets * IPV4V6_HEADER_DELTA;
+            stackedTraffic.setValues(i, entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculate and apply adjustments to captured statistics for 464xlat traffic counted twice.
+     *
+     * <p>This mutates the object this method is called on. Equivalent to calling
+     * {@link #apply464xlatAdjustments(NetworkStats, NetworkStats, Map)} with {@code this} as
+     * base and stacked traffic.
+     * @param stackedIfaces Mapping ipv6if -> ipv4if interface where traffic is counted on both.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void apply464xlatAdjustments(Map<String, String> stackedIfaces) {
+        apply464xlatAdjustments(this, this, stackedIfaces);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total statistics grouped by {@link #iface}; doesn't mutate the
+     * original structure.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStats groupedByIface() {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(elapsedRealtime, 10);
+
+        final Entry entry = new Entry();
+        entry.uid = UID_ALL;
+        entry.set = SET_ALL;
+        entry.tag = TAG_NONE;
+        entry.metered = METERED_ALL;
+        entry.roaming = ROAMING_ALL;
+        entry.defaultNetwork = DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+        entry.operations = 0L;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            // skip specific tags, since already counted in TAG_NONE
+            if (tag[i] != TAG_NONE) continue;
+
+            entry.iface = iface[i];
+            entry.rxBytes = rxBytes[i];
+            entry.rxPackets = rxPackets[i];
+            entry.txBytes = txBytes[i];
+            entry.txPackets = txPackets[i];
+            stats.combineValues(entry);
+        }
+
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total statistics grouped by {@link #uid}; doesn't mutate the
+     * original structure.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStats groupedByUid() {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(elapsedRealtime, 10);
+
+        final Entry entry = new Entry();
+        entry.iface = IFACE_ALL;
+        entry.set = SET_ALL;
+        entry.tag = TAG_NONE;
+        entry.metered = METERED_ALL;
+        entry.roaming = ROAMING_ALL;
+        entry.defaultNetwork = DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            // skip specific tags, since already counted in TAG_NONE
+            if (tag[i] != TAG_NONE) continue;
+
+            entry.uid = uid[i];
+            entry.rxBytes = rxBytes[i];
+            entry.rxPackets = rxPackets[i];
+            entry.txBytes = txBytes[i];
+            entry.txPackets = txPackets[i];
+            entry.operations = operations[i];
+            stats.combineValues(entry);
+        }
+
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all rows that match one of specified UIDs.
+     * This mutates the original structure in place.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void removeUids(int[] uids) {
+        filter(e -> !CollectionUtils.contains(uids, e.uid));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove all rows that match one of specified UIDs.
+     * @return the result object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public NetworkStats removeEmptyEntries() {
+        final NetworkStats ret = this.clone();
+        ret.filter(e -> e.rxBytes != 0 || e.rxPackets != 0 || e.txBytes != 0 || e.txPackets != 0
+                || e.operations != 0);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only keep entries that match all specified filters.
+     *
+     * <p>This mutates the original structure in place. After this method is called,
+     * size is the number of matching entries, and capacity is the previous capacity.
+     * @param limitUid UID to filter for, or {@link #UID_ALL}.
+     * @param limitIfaces Interfaces to filter for, or {@link #INTERFACES_ALL}.
+     * @param limitTag Tag to filter for, or {@link #TAG_ALL}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void filter(int limitUid, String[] limitIfaces, int limitTag) {
+        if (limitUid == UID_ALL && limitTag == TAG_ALL && limitIfaces == INTERFACES_ALL) {
+            return;
+        }
+        filter(e -> (limitUid == UID_ALL || limitUid == e.uid)
+                && (limitTag == TAG_ALL || limitTag == e.tag)
+                && (limitIfaces == INTERFACES_ALL
+                    || CollectionUtils.contains(limitIfaces, e.iface)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Only keep entries with {@link #set} value less than {@link #SET_DEBUG_START}.
+     *
+     * <p>This mutates the original structure in place.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void filterDebugEntries() {
+        filter(e -> e.set < SET_DEBUG_START);
+    }
+
+    private void filter(Predicate<Entry> predicate) {
+        Entry entry = new Entry();
+        int nextOutputEntry = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            entry = getValues(i, entry);
+            if (predicate.test(entry)) {
+                if (nextOutputEntry != i) {
+                    setValues(nextOutputEntry, entry);
+                }
+                nextOutputEntry++;
+            }
+        }
+        size = nextOutputEntry;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dump(String prefix, PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.print(prefix);
+        pw.print("NetworkStats: elapsedRealtime="); pw.println(elapsedRealtime);
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            pw.print(prefix);
+            pw.print("  ["); pw.print(i); pw.print("]");
+            pw.print(" iface="); pw.print(iface[i]);
+            pw.print(" uid="); pw.print(uid[i]);
+            pw.print(" set="); pw.print(setToString(set[i]));
+            pw.print(" tag="); pw.print(tagToString(tag[i]));
+            pw.print(" metered="); pw.print(meteredToString(metered[i]));
+            pw.print(" roaming="); pw.print(roamingToString(roaming[i]));
+            pw.print(" defaultNetwork="); pw.print(defaultNetworkToString(defaultNetwork[i]));
+            pw.print(" rxBytes="); pw.print(rxBytes[i]);
+            pw.print(" rxPackets="); pw.print(rxPackets[i]);
+            pw.print(" txBytes="); pw.print(txBytes[i]);
+            pw.print(" txPackets="); pw.print(txPackets[i]);
+            pw.print(" operations="); pw.println(operations[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return text description of {@link #set} value.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static String setToString(int set) {
+        switch (set) {
+            case SET_ALL:
+                return "ALL";
+            case SET_DEFAULT:
+                return "DEFAULT";
+            case SET_FOREGROUND:
+                return "FOREGROUND";
+            case SET_DBG_VPN_IN:
+                return "DBG_VPN_IN";
+            case SET_DBG_VPN_OUT:
+                return "DBG_VPN_OUT";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return text description of {@link #set} value.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static String setToCheckinString(int set) {
+        switch (set) {
+            case SET_ALL:
+                return "all";
+            case SET_DEFAULT:
+                return "def";
+            case SET_FOREGROUND:
+                return "fg";
+            case SET_DBG_VPN_IN:
+                return "vpnin";
+            case SET_DBG_VPN_OUT:
+                return "vpnout";
+            default:
+                return "unk";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return true if the querySet matches the dataSet.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static boolean setMatches(int querySet, int dataSet) {
+        if (querySet == dataSet) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        // SET_ALL matches all non-debugging sets.
+        return querySet == SET_ALL && dataSet < SET_DEBUG_START;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return text description of {@link #tag} value.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static String tagToString(int tag) {
+        return "0x" + Integer.toHexString(tag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return text description of {@link #metered} value.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static String meteredToString(int metered) {
+        switch (metered) {
+            case METERED_ALL:
+                return "ALL";
+            case METERED_NO:
+                return "NO";
+            case METERED_YES:
+                return "YES";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return text description of {@link #roaming} value.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static String roamingToString(int roaming) {
+        switch (roaming) {
+            case ROAMING_ALL:
+                return "ALL";
+            case ROAMING_NO:
+                return "NO";
+            case ROAMING_YES:
+                return "YES";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return text description of {@link #defaultNetwork} value.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static String defaultNetworkToString(int defaultNetwork) {
+        switch (defaultNetwork) {
+            case DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL:
+                return "ALL";
+            case DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO:
+                return "NO";
+            case DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES:
+                return "YES";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final CharArrayWriter writer = new CharArrayWriter();
+        dump("", new PrintWriter(writer));
+        return writer.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkStats> CREATOR = new Creator<NetworkStats>() {
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new NetworkStats(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStats[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkStats[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public interface NonMonotonicObserver<C> {
+        public void foundNonMonotonic(
+                NetworkStats left, int leftIndex, NetworkStats right, int rightIndex, C cookie);
+        public void foundNonMonotonic(
+                NetworkStats stats, int statsIndex, C cookie);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * VPN accounting. Move some VPN's underlying traffic to other UIDs that use tun0 iface.
+     *
+     * <p>This method should only be called on delta NetworkStats. Do not call this method on a
+     * snapshot {@link NetworkStats} object because the tunUid and/or the underlyingIface may change
+     * over time.
+     *
+     * <p>This method performs adjustments for one active VPN package and one VPN iface at a time.
+     *
+     * @param tunUid uid of the VPN application
+     * @param tunIface iface of the vpn tunnel
+     * @param underlyingIfaces underlying network ifaces used by the VPN application
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void migrateTun(int tunUid, @NonNull String tunIface,
+            @NonNull List<String> underlyingIfaces) {
+        // Combined usage by all apps using VPN.
+        final Entry tunIfaceTotal = new Entry();
+        // Usage by VPN, grouped by its {@code underlyingIfaces}.
+        final Entry[] perInterfaceTotal = new Entry[underlyingIfaces.size()];
+        // Usage by VPN, summed across all its {@code underlyingIfaces}.
+        final Entry underlyingIfacesTotal = new Entry();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < perInterfaceTotal.length; i++) {
+            perInterfaceTotal[i] = new Entry();
+        }
+
+        tunAdjustmentInit(tunUid, tunIface, underlyingIfaces, tunIfaceTotal, perInterfaceTotal,
+                underlyingIfacesTotal);
+
+        // If tunIface < underlyingIfacesTotal, it leaves the overhead traffic in the VPN app.
+        // If tunIface > underlyingIfacesTotal, the VPN app doesn't get credit for data compression.
+        // Negative stats should be avoided.
+        final Entry[] moved =
+                addTrafficToApplications(tunUid, tunIface, underlyingIfaces, tunIfaceTotal,
+                        perInterfaceTotal, underlyingIfacesTotal);
+        deductTrafficFromVpnApp(tunUid, underlyingIfaces, moved);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the data used by the migrateTun() method.
+     *
+     * <p>This is the first pass iteration which does the following work:
+     *
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>Adds up all the traffic through the tunUid's underlyingIfaces (both foreground and
+     *       background).
+     *   <li>Adds up all the traffic through tun0 excluding traffic from the vpn app itself.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param tunUid uid of the VPN application
+     * @param tunIface iface of the vpn tunnel
+     * @param underlyingIfaces underlying network ifaces used by the VPN application
+     * @param tunIfaceTotal output parameter; combined data usage by all apps using VPN
+     * @param perInterfaceTotal output parameter; data usage by VPN app, grouped by its {@code
+     *     underlyingIfaces}
+     * @param underlyingIfacesTotal output parameter; data usage by VPN, summed across all of its
+     *     {@code underlyingIfaces}
+     */
+    private void tunAdjustmentInit(int tunUid, @NonNull String tunIface,
+            @NonNull List<String> underlyingIfaces, @NonNull Entry tunIfaceTotal,
+            @NonNull Entry[] perInterfaceTotal, @NonNull Entry underlyingIfacesTotal) {
+        final Entry recycle = new Entry();
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            getValues(i, recycle);
+            if (recycle.uid == UID_ALL) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Cannot adjust VPN accounting on an iface aggregated NetworkStats.");
+            }
+            if (recycle.set == SET_DBG_VPN_IN || recycle.set == SET_DBG_VPN_OUT) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Cannot adjust VPN accounting on a NetworkStats containing SET_DBG_VPN_*");
+            }
+            if (recycle.tag != TAG_NONE) {
+                // TODO(b/123666283): Take all tags for tunUid into account.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (tunUid == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+                // Kernel-based VPN or VCN, traffic sent by apps on the VPN/VCN network
+                //
+                // Since the data is not UID-accounted on underlying networks, just use VPN/VCN
+                // network usage as ground truth. Encrypted traffic on the underlying networks will
+                // never be processed here because encrypted traffic on the underlying interfaces
+                // is not present in UID stats, and this method is only called on UID stats.
+                if (tunIface.equals(recycle.iface)) {
+                    tunIfaceTotal.add(recycle);
+                    underlyingIfacesTotal.add(recycle);
+
+                    // In steady state, there should always be one network, but edge cases may
+                    // result in the network being null (network lost), and thus no underlying
+                    // ifaces is possible.
+                    if (perInterfaceTotal.length > 0) {
+                        // While platform VPNs and VCNs have exactly one underlying network, that
+                        // network may have multiple interfaces (eg for 464xlat). This layer does
+                        // not have the required information to identify which of the interfaces
+                        // were used. Select "any" of the interfaces. Since overhead is already
+                        // lost, this number is an approximation anyways.
+                        perInterfaceTotal[0].add(recycle);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (recycle.uid == tunUid) {
+                // VpnService VPN, traffic sent by the VPN app over underlying networks
+                for (int j = 0; j < underlyingIfaces.size(); j++) {
+                    if (Objects.equals(underlyingIfaces.get(j), recycle.iface)) {
+                        perInterfaceTotal[j].add(recycle);
+                        underlyingIfacesTotal.add(recycle);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (tunIface.equals(recycle.iface)) {
+                // VpnService VPN; traffic sent by apps on the VPN network
+                tunIfaceTotal.add(recycle);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Distributes traffic across apps that are using given {@code tunIface}, and returns the total
+     * traffic that should be moved off of {@code tunUid} grouped by {@code underlyingIfaces}.
+     *
+     * @param tunUid uid of the VPN application
+     * @param tunIface iface of the vpn tunnel
+     * @param underlyingIfaces underlying network ifaces used by the VPN application
+     * @param tunIfaceTotal combined data usage across all apps using {@code tunIface}
+     * @param perInterfaceTotal data usage by VPN app, grouped by its {@code underlyingIfaces}
+     * @param underlyingIfacesTotal data usage by VPN, summed across all of its {@code
+     *     underlyingIfaces}
+     */
+    private Entry[] addTrafficToApplications(int tunUid, @NonNull String tunIface,
+            @NonNull List<String> underlyingIfaces, @NonNull Entry tunIfaceTotal,
+            @NonNull Entry[] perInterfaceTotal, @NonNull Entry underlyingIfacesTotal) {
+        // Traffic that should be moved off of each underlying interface for tunUid (see
+        // deductTrafficFromVpnApp below).
+        final Entry[] moved = new Entry[underlyingIfaces.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < underlyingIfaces.size(); i++) {
+            moved[i] = new Entry();
+        }
+
+        final Entry tmpEntry = new Entry();
+        final int origSize = size;
+        for (int i = 0; i < origSize; i++) {
+            if (!Objects.equals(iface[i], tunIface)) {
+                // Consider only entries that go onto the VPN interface.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (uid[i] == tunUid && tunUid != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+                // Exclude VPN app from the redistribution, as it can choose to create packet
+                // streams by writing to itself.
+                //
+                // However, for platform VPNs, do not exclude the system's usage of the VPN network,
+                // since it is never local-only, and never double counted
+                continue;
+            }
+            tmpEntry.uid = uid[i];
+            tmpEntry.tag = tag[i];
+            tmpEntry.metered = metered[i];
+            tmpEntry.roaming = roaming[i];
+            tmpEntry.defaultNetwork = defaultNetwork[i];
+
+            // In a first pass, compute this entry's total share of data across all
+            // underlyingIfaces. This is computed on the basis of the share of this entry's usage
+            // over tunIface.
+            // TODO: Consider refactoring first pass into a separate helper method.
+            long totalRxBytes = 0;
+            if (tunIfaceTotal.rxBytes > 0) {
+                // Note - The multiplication below should not overflow since NetworkStatsService
+                // processes this every time device has transmitted/received amount equivalent to
+                // global threshold alert (~ 2MB) across all interfaces.
+                final long rxBytesAcrossUnderlyingIfaces =
+                        multiplySafeByRational(underlyingIfacesTotal.rxBytes,
+                                rxBytes[i], tunIfaceTotal.rxBytes);
+                // app must not be blamed for more than it consumed on tunIface
+                totalRxBytes = Math.min(rxBytes[i], rxBytesAcrossUnderlyingIfaces);
+            }
+            long totalRxPackets = 0;
+            if (tunIfaceTotal.rxPackets > 0) {
+                final long rxPacketsAcrossUnderlyingIfaces =
+                        multiplySafeByRational(underlyingIfacesTotal.rxPackets,
+                                rxPackets[i], tunIfaceTotal.rxPackets);
+                totalRxPackets = Math.min(rxPackets[i], rxPacketsAcrossUnderlyingIfaces);
+            }
+            long totalTxBytes = 0;
+            if (tunIfaceTotal.txBytes > 0) {
+                final long txBytesAcrossUnderlyingIfaces =
+                        multiplySafeByRational(underlyingIfacesTotal.txBytes,
+                                txBytes[i], tunIfaceTotal.txBytes);
+                totalTxBytes = Math.min(txBytes[i], txBytesAcrossUnderlyingIfaces);
+            }
+            long totalTxPackets = 0;
+            if (tunIfaceTotal.txPackets > 0) {
+                final long txPacketsAcrossUnderlyingIfaces =
+                        multiplySafeByRational(underlyingIfacesTotal.txPackets,
+                                txPackets[i], tunIfaceTotal.txPackets);
+                totalTxPackets = Math.min(txPackets[i], txPacketsAcrossUnderlyingIfaces);
+            }
+            long totalOperations = 0;
+            if (tunIfaceTotal.operations > 0) {
+                final long operationsAcrossUnderlyingIfaces =
+                        multiplySafeByRational(underlyingIfacesTotal.operations,
+                                operations[i], tunIfaceTotal.operations);
+                totalOperations = Math.min(operations[i], operationsAcrossUnderlyingIfaces);
+            }
+            // In a second pass, distribute these values across interfaces in the proportion that
+            // each interface represents of the total traffic of the underlying interfaces.
+            for (int j = 0; j < underlyingIfaces.size(); j++) {
+                tmpEntry.iface = underlyingIfaces.get(j);
+                tmpEntry.rxBytes = 0;
+                // Reset 'set' to correct value since it gets updated when adding debug info below.
+                tmpEntry.set = set[i];
+                if (underlyingIfacesTotal.rxBytes > 0) {
+                    tmpEntry.rxBytes =
+                            multiplySafeByRational(totalRxBytes,
+                                    perInterfaceTotal[j].rxBytes,
+                                    underlyingIfacesTotal.rxBytes);
+                }
+                tmpEntry.rxPackets = 0;
+                if (underlyingIfacesTotal.rxPackets > 0) {
+                    tmpEntry.rxPackets =
+                            multiplySafeByRational(totalRxPackets,
+                                    perInterfaceTotal[j].rxPackets,
+                                    underlyingIfacesTotal.rxPackets);
+                }
+                tmpEntry.txBytes = 0;
+                if (underlyingIfacesTotal.txBytes > 0) {
+                    tmpEntry.txBytes =
+                            multiplySafeByRational(totalTxBytes,
+                                    perInterfaceTotal[j].txBytes,
+                                    underlyingIfacesTotal.txBytes);
+                }
+                tmpEntry.txPackets = 0;
+                if (underlyingIfacesTotal.txPackets > 0) {
+                    tmpEntry.txPackets =
+                            multiplySafeByRational(totalTxPackets,
+                                    perInterfaceTotal[j].txPackets,
+                                    underlyingIfacesTotal.txPackets);
+                }
+                tmpEntry.operations = 0;
+                if (underlyingIfacesTotal.operations > 0) {
+                    tmpEntry.operations =
+                            multiplySafeByRational(totalOperations,
+                                    perInterfaceTotal[j].operations,
+                                    underlyingIfacesTotal.operations);
+                }
+                // tmpEntry now contains the migrated data of the i-th entry for the j-th underlying
+                // interface. Add that data usage to this object.
+                combineValues(tmpEntry);
+                if (tag[i] == TAG_NONE) {
+                    // Add the migrated data to moved so it is deducted from the VPN app later.
+                    moved[j].add(tmpEntry);
+                    // Add debug info
+                    tmpEntry.set = SET_DBG_VPN_IN;
+                    combineValues(tmpEntry);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return moved;
+    }
+
+    private void deductTrafficFromVpnApp(
+            int tunUid,
+            @NonNull List<String> underlyingIfaces,
+            @NonNull Entry[] moved) {
+        if (tunUid == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            // No traffic recorded on a per-UID basis for in-kernel VPN/VCNs over underlying
+            // networks; thus no traffic to deduct.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < underlyingIfaces.size(); i++) {
+            moved[i].uid = tunUid;
+            // Add debug info
+            moved[i].set = SET_DBG_VPN_OUT;
+            moved[i].tag = TAG_NONE;
+            moved[i].iface = underlyingIfaces.get(i);
+            moved[i].metered = METERED_ALL;
+            moved[i].roaming = ROAMING_ALL;
+            moved[i].defaultNetwork = DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+            combineValues(moved[i]);
+
+            // Caveat: if the vpn software uses tag, the total tagged traffic may be greater than
+            // the TAG_NONE traffic.
+            //
+            // Relies on the fact that the underlying traffic only has state ROAMING_NO and
+            // METERED_NO, which should be the case as it comes directly from the /proc file.
+            // We only blend in the roaming data after applying these adjustments, by checking the
+            // NetworkIdentity of the underlying iface.
+            final int idxVpnBackground = findIndex(underlyingIfaces.get(i), tunUid, SET_DEFAULT,
+                            TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO);
+            if (idxVpnBackground != -1) {
+                // Note - tunSubtract also updates moved[i]; whatever traffic that's left is removed
+                // from foreground usage.
+                tunSubtract(idxVpnBackground, this, moved[i]);
+            }
+
+            final int idxVpnForeground = findIndex(underlyingIfaces.get(i), tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND,
+                            TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO, DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO);
+            if (idxVpnForeground != -1) {
+                tunSubtract(idxVpnForeground, this, moved[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void tunSubtract(int i, @NonNull NetworkStats left, @NonNull Entry right) {
+        long rxBytes = Math.min(left.rxBytes[i], right.rxBytes);
+        left.rxBytes[i] -= rxBytes;
+        right.rxBytes -= rxBytes;
+
+        long rxPackets = Math.min(left.rxPackets[i], right.rxPackets);
+        left.rxPackets[i] -= rxPackets;
+        right.rxPackets -= rxPackets;
+
+        long txBytes = Math.min(left.txBytes[i], right.txBytes);
+        left.txBytes[i] -= txBytes;
+        right.txBytes -= txBytes;
+
+        long txPackets = Math.min(left.txPackets[i], right.txPackets);
+        left.txPackets[i] -= txPackets;
+        right.txPackets -= txPackets;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b64fbdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsAccess.java
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.admin.DevicePolicyManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+
+/**
+ * Utility methods for controlling access to network stats APIs.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public final class NetworkStatsAccess {
+    private NetworkStatsAccess() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Represents an access level for the network usage history and statistics APIs.
+     *
+     * <p>Access levels are in increasing order; that is, it is reasonable to check access by
+     * verifying that the caller's access level is at least the minimum required level.
+     */
+    @IntDef({
+            Level.DEFAULT,
+            Level.USER,
+            Level.DEVICESUMMARY,
+            Level.DEVICE,
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface Level {
+        /**
+         * Default, unprivileged access level.
+         *
+         * <p>Can only access usage for one's own UID.
+         *
+         * <p>Every app will have at least this access level.
+         */
+        int DEFAULT = 0;
+
+        /**
+         * Access level for apps which can access usage for any app running in the same user.
+         *
+         * <p>Granted to:
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>Profile owners.
+         * </ul>
+         */
+        int USER = 1;
+
+        /**
+         * Access level for apps which can access usage summary of device. Device summary includes
+         * usage by apps running in any profiles/users, however this access level does not
+         * allow querying usage of individual apps running in other profiles/users.
+         *
+         * <p>Granted to:
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>Apps with the PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS permission granted. Note that this is an AppOps bit
+         * so it is not necessarily sufficient to declare this in the manifest.
+         * <li>Apps with the (signature/privileged) READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY permission.
+         * </ul>
+         */
+        int DEVICESUMMARY = 2;
+
+        /**
+         * Access level for apps which can access usage for any app on the device, including apps
+         * running on other users/profiles.
+         *
+         * <p>Granted to:
+         * <ul>
+         * <li>Device owners.
+         * <li>Carrier-privileged applications.
+         * <li>The system UID.
+         * </ul>
+         */
+        int DEVICE = 3;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the {@link NetworkStatsAccess.Level} for the given caller. */
+    public static @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(
+            Context context, int callingPid, int callingUid, String callingPackage) {
+        final DevicePolicyManager mDpm = context.getSystemService(DevicePolicyManager.class);
+        final TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager)
+                context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
+        boolean hasCarrierPrivileges;
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            hasCarrierPrivileges = tm != null
+                    && tm.checkCarrierPrivilegesForPackageAnyPhone(callingPackage)
+                            == TelephonyManager.CARRIER_PRIVILEGE_STATUS_HAS_ACCESS;
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+
+        final boolean isDeviceOwner = mDpm != null && mDpm.isDeviceOwnerApp(callingPackage);
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(callingUid);
+
+        final boolean isNetworkStack = context.checkPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, callingPid, callingUid)
+                == PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+
+        if (hasCarrierPrivileges || isDeviceOwner
+                || appId == Process.SYSTEM_UID || isNetworkStack) {
+            // Carrier-privileged apps and device owners, and the system (including the
+            // network stack) can access data usage for all apps on the device.
+            return NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE;
+        }
+
+        boolean hasAppOpsPermission = hasAppOpsPermission(context, callingUid, callingPackage);
+        if (hasAppOpsPermission || context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            return NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY;
+        }
+
+        //TODO(b/169395065) Figure out if this flow makes sense in Device Owner mode.
+        boolean isProfileOwner = mDpm != null && (mDpm.isProfileOwnerApp(callingPackage)
+                || mDpm.isDeviceOwnerApp(callingPackage));
+        if (isProfileOwner) {
+            // Apps with the AppOps permission, profile owners, and apps with the privileged
+            // permission can access data usage for all apps in this user/profile.
+            return NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER;
+        }
+
+        // Everyone else gets default access (only to their own UID).
+        return NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether the given caller should be able to access the given UID when the caller has
+     * the given {@link NetworkStatsAccess.Level}.
+     */
+    public static boolean isAccessibleToUser(int uid, int callerUid,
+            @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+        final int userId = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(uid).getIdentifier();
+        final int callerUserId = UserHandle.getUserHandleForUid(callerUid).getIdentifier();
+        switch (accessLevel) {
+            case NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE:
+                // Device-level access - can access usage for any uid.
+                return true;
+            case NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY:
+                // Can access usage for any app running in the same user, along
+                // with some special uids (system, removed, or tethering) and
+                // anonymized uids
+                return uid == android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID || uid == UID_REMOVED
+                        || uid == UID_TETHERING || uid == UID_ALL
+                        || userId == callerUserId;
+            case NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER:
+                // User-level access - can access usage for any app running in the same user, along
+                // with some special uids (system, removed, or tethering).
+                return uid == android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID || uid == UID_REMOVED
+                        || uid == UID_TETHERING
+                        || userId == callerUserId;
+            case NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEFAULT:
+            default:
+                // Default access level - can only access one's own usage.
+                return uid == callerUid;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasAppOpsPermission(
+            Context context, int callingUid, String callingPackage) {
+        if (callingPackage != null) {
+            AppOpsManager appOps = (AppOpsManager) context.getSystemService(
+                    Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
+
+            final int mode = appOps.noteOp(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_GET_USAGE_STATS,
+                    callingUid, callingPackage, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
+            if (mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT) {
+                // The default behavior here is to check if PackageManager has given the app
+                // permission.
+                final int permissionCheck = context.checkCallingPermission(
+                        Manifest.permission.PACKAGE_USAGE_STATS);
+                return permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+            }
+            return (mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e385b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsCollection.java
@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_REMOVED;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.multiplySafeByRational;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.State;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsCollectionProto;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsCollectionStatsProto;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionPlan;
+import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.DataInput;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.ProtocolException;
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * Collection of {@link NetworkStatsHistory}, stored based on combined key of
+ * {@link NetworkIdentitySet}, UID, set, and tag. Knows how to persist itself.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public class NetworkStatsCollection implements FileRotator.Reader, FileRotator.Writer {
+    private static final String TAG = NetworkStatsCollection.class.getSimpleName();
+    /** File header magic number: "ANET" */
+    private static final int FILE_MAGIC = 0x414E4554;
+
+    private static final int VERSION_NETWORK_INIT = 1;
+
+    private static final int VERSION_UID_INIT = 1;
+    private static final int VERSION_UID_WITH_IDENT = 2;
+    private static final int VERSION_UID_WITH_TAG = 3;
+    private static final int VERSION_UID_WITH_SET = 4;
+
+    private static final int VERSION_UNIFIED_INIT = 16;
+
+    private ArrayMap<Key, NetworkStatsHistory> mStats = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    private final long mBucketDurationMillis;
+
+    private long mStartMillis;
+    private long mEndMillis;
+    private long mTotalBytes;
+    private boolean mDirty;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a {@link NetworkStatsCollection} object.
+     *
+     * @param bucketDuration duration of the buckets in this object, in milliseconds.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStatsCollection(long bucketDurationMillis) {
+        mBucketDurationMillis = bucketDurationMillis;
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void clear() {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void reset() {
+        mStats.clear();
+        mStartMillis = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+        mEndMillis = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        mTotalBytes = 0;
+        mDirty = false;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public long getStartMillis() {
+        return mStartMillis;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return first atomic bucket in this collection, which is more conservative
+     * than {@link #mStartMillis}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public long getFirstAtomicBucketMillis() {
+        if (mStartMillis == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+            return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+        } else {
+            return mStartMillis + mBucketDurationMillis;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public long getEndMillis() {
+        return mEndMillis;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public long getTotalBytes() {
+        return mTotalBytes;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean isDirty() {
+        return mDirty;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void clearDirty() {
+        mDirty = false;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return mStartMillis == Long.MAX_VALUE && mEndMillis == Long.MIN_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public long roundUp(long time) {
+        if (time == Long.MIN_VALUE || time == Long.MAX_VALUE
+                || time == SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            return time;
+        } else {
+            final long mod = time % mBucketDurationMillis;
+            if (mod > 0) {
+                time -= mod;
+                time += mBucketDurationMillis;
+            }
+            return time;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public long roundDown(long time) {
+        if (time == Long.MIN_VALUE || time == Long.MAX_VALUE
+                || time == SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            return time;
+        } else {
+            final long mod = time % mBucketDurationMillis;
+            if (mod > 0) {
+                time -= mod;
+            }
+            return time;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public int[] getRelevantUids(@NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+        return getRelevantUids(accessLevel, Binder.getCallingUid());
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public int[] getRelevantUids(@NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel,
+                final int callerUid) {
+        final ArrayList<Integer> uids = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mStats.size(); i++) {
+            final Key key = mStats.keyAt(i);
+            if (NetworkStatsAccess.isAccessibleToUser(key.uid, callerUid, accessLevel)) {
+                int j = Collections.binarySearch(uids, new Integer(key.uid));
+
+                if (j < 0) {
+                    j = ~j;
+                    uids.add(j, key.uid);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return CollectionUtils.toIntArray(uids);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Combine all {@link NetworkStatsHistory} in this collection which match
+     * the requested parameters.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory getHistory(NetworkTemplate template, SubscriptionPlan augmentPlan,
+            int uid, int set, int tag, int fields, long start, long end,
+            @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel, int callerUid) {
+        if (!NetworkStatsAccess.isAccessibleToUser(uid, callerUid, accessLevel)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Network stats history of uid " + uid
+                    + " is forbidden for caller " + callerUid);
+        }
+
+        // 180 days of history should be enough for anyone; if we end up needing
+        // more, we'll dynamically grow the history object.
+        final int bucketEstimate = (int) NetworkStatsUtils.constrain(
+                ((end - start) / mBucketDurationMillis), 0,
+                (180 * DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS) / mBucketDurationMillis);
+        final NetworkStatsHistory combined = new NetworkStatsHistory(
+                mBucketDurationMillis, bucketEstimate, fields);
+
+        // shortcut when we know stats will be empty
+        if (start == end) return combined;
+
+        // Figure out the window of time that we should be augmenting (if any)
+        long augmentStart = SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN;
+        long augmentEnd = (augmentPlan != null) ? augmentPlan.getDataUsageTime()
+                : SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN;
+        // And if augmenting, we might need to collect more data to adjust with
+        long collectStart = start;
+        long collectEnd = end;
+
+        if (augmentEnd != SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            final Iterator<Range<ZonedDateTime>> it = augmentPlan.cycleIterator();
+            while (it.hasNext()) {
+                final Range<ZonedDateTime> cycle = it.next();
+                final long cycleStart = cycle.getLower().toInstant().toEpochMilli();
+                final long cycleEnd = cycle.getUpper().toInstant().toEpochMilli();
+                if (cycleStart <= augmentEnd && augmentEnd < cycleEnd) {
+                    augmentStart = cycleStart;
+                    collectStart = Long.min(collectStart, augmentStart);
+                    collectEnd = Long.max(collectEnd, augmentEnd);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (augmentStart != SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            // Shrink augmentation window so we don't risk undercounting.
+            augmentStart = roundUp(augmentStart);
+            augmentEnd = roundDown(augmentEnd);
+            // Grow collection window so we get all the stats needed.
+            collectStart = roundDown(collectStart);
+            collectEnd = roundUp(collectEnd);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mStats.size(); i++) {
+            final Key key = mStats.keyAt(i);
+            if (key.uid == uid && NetworkStats.setMatches(set, key.set) && key.tag == tag
+                    && templateMatches(template, key.ident)) {
+                final NetworkStatsHistory value = mStats.valueAt(i);
+                combined.recordHistory(value, collectStart, collectEnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (augmentStart != SubscriptionPlan.TIME_UNKNOWN) {
+            final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = combined.getValues(
+                    augmentStart, augmentEnd, null);
+
+            // If we don't have any recorded data for this time period, give
+            // ourselves something to scale with.
+            if (entry.rxBytes == 0 || entry.txBytes == 0) {
+                combined.recordData(augmentStart, augmentEnd,
+                        new NetworkStats.Entry(1, 0, 1, 0, 0));
+                combined.getValues(augmentStart, augmentEnd, entry);
+            }
+
+            final long rawBytes = (entry.rxBytes + entry.txBytes) == 0 ? 1 :
+                    (entry.rxBytes + entry.txBytes);
+            final long rawRxBytes = entry.rxBytes == 0 ? 1 : entry.rxBytes;
+            final long rawTxBytes = entry.txBytes == 0 ? 1 : entry.txBytes;
+            final long targetBytes = augmentPlan.getDataUsageBytes();
+
+            final long targetRxBytes = multiplySafeByRational(targetBytes, rawRxBytes, rawBytes);
+            final long targetTxBytes = multiplySafeByRational(targetBytes, rawTxBytes, rawBytes);
+
+
+            // Scale all matching buckets to reach anchor target
+            final long beforeTotal = combined.getTotalBytes();
+            for (int i = 0; i < combined.size(); i++) {
+                combined.getValues(i, entry);
+                if (entry.bucketStart >= augmentStart
+                        && entry.bucketStart + entry.bucketDuration <= augmentEnd) {
+                    entry.rxBytes = multiplySafeByRational(
+                            targetRxBytes, entry.rxBytes, rawRxBytes);
+                    entry.txBytes = multiplySafeByRational(
+                            targetTxBytes, entry.txBytes, rawTxBytes);
+                    // We purposefully clear out packet counters to indicate
+                    // that this data has been augmented.
+                    entry.rxPackets = 0;
+                    entry.txPackets = 0;
+                    combined.setValues(i, entry);
+                }
+            }
+
+            final long deltaTotal = combined.getTotalBytes() - beforeTotal;
+            if (deltaTotal != 0) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Augmented network usage by " + deltaTotal + " bytes");
+            }
+
+            // Finally we can slice data as originally requested
+            final NetworkStatsHistory sliced = new NetworkStatsHistory(
+                    mBucketDurationMillis, bucketEstimate, fields);
+            sliced.recordHistory(combined, start, end);
+            return sliced;
+        } else {
+            return combined;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Summarize all {@link NetworkStatsHistory} in this collection which match
+     * the requested parameters across the requested range.
+     *
+     * @param template - a predicate for filtering netstats.
+     * @param start - start of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param end - end of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param accessLevel - caller access level.
+     * @param callerUid - caller UID.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public NetworkStats getSummary(NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end,
+            @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel, int callerUid) {
+        final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(end - start, 24);
+
+        // shortcut when we know stats will be empty
+        if (start == end) return stats;
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+        NetworkStatsHistory.Entry historyEntry = null;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mStats.size(); i++) {
+            final Key key = mStats.keyAt(i);
+            if (templateMatches(template, key.ident)
+                    && NetworkStatsAccess.isAccessibleToUser(key.uid, callerUid, accessLevel)
+                    && key.set < NetworkStats.SET_DEBUG_START) {
+                final NetworkStatsHistory value = mStats.valueAt(i);
+                historyEntry = value.getValues(start, end, now, historyEntry);
+
+                entry.iface = IFACE_ALL;
+                entry.uid = key.uid;
+                entry.set = key.set;
+                entry.tag = key.tag;
+                entry.defaultNetwork = key.ident.areAllMembersOnDefaultNetwork()
+                        ? DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES : DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+                entry.metered = key.ident.isAnyMemberMetered() ? METERED_YES : METERED_NO;
+                entry.roaming = key.ident.isAnyMemberRoaming() ? ROAMING_YES : ROAMING_NO;
+                entry.rxBytes = historyEntry.rxBytes;
+                entry.rxPackets = historyEntry.rxPackets;
+                entry.txBytes = historyEntry.txBytes;
+                entry.txPackets = historyEntry.txPackets;
+                entry.operations = historyEntry.operations;
+
+                if (!entry.isEmpty()) {
+                    stats.combineValues(entry);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record given {@link android.net.NetworkStats.Entry} into this collection.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void recordData(NetworkIdentitySet ident, int uid, int set, int tag, long start,
+            long end, NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+        final NetworkStatsHistory history = findOrCreateHistory(ident, uid, set, tag);
+        history.recordData(start, end, entry);
+        noteRecordedHistory(history.getStart(), history.getEnd(), entry.rxBytes + entry.txBytes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record given {@link NetworkStatsHistory} into this collection.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void recordHistory(@NonNull Key key, @NonNull NetworkStatsHistory history) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(key);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(history);
+        if (history.size() == 0) return;
+        noteRecordedHistory(history.getStart(), history.getEnd(), history.getTotalBytes());
+
+        NetworkStatsHistory target = mStats.get(key);
+        if (target == null) {
+            target = new NetworkStatsHistory(history.getBucketDuration());
+            mStats.put(key, target);
+        }
+        target.recordEntireHistory(history);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record all {@link NetworkStatsHistory} contained in the given collection
+     * into this collection.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void recordCollection(@NonNull NetworkStatsCollection another) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(another);
+        for (int i = 0; i < another.mStats.size(); i++) {
+            final Key key = another.mStats.keyAt(i);
+            final NetworkStatsHistory value = another.mStats.valueAt(i);
+            recordHistory(key, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStatsHistory findOrCreateHistory(
+            NetworkIdentitySet ident, int uid, int set, int tag) {
+        final Key key = new Key(ident, uid, set, tag);
+        final NetworkStatsHistory existing = mStats.get(key);
+
+        // update when no existing, or when bucket duration changed
+        NetworkStatsHistory updated = null;
+        if (existing == null) {
+            updated = new NetworkStatsHistory(mBucketDurationMillis, 10);
+        } else if (existing.getBucketDuration() != mBucketDurationMillis) {
+            updated = new NetworkStatsHistory(existing, mBucketDurationMillis);
+        }
+
+        if (updated != null) {
+            mStats.put(key, updated);
+            return updated;
+        } else {
+            return existing;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public void read(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+        read((DataInput) new DataInputStream(in));
+    }
+
+    private void read(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+        // verify file magic header intact
+        final int magic = in.readInt();
+        if (magic != FILE_MAGIC) {
+            throw new ProtocolException("unexpected magic: " + magic);
+        }
+
+        final int version = in.readInt();
+        switch (version) {
+            case VERSION_UNIFIED_INIT: {
+                // uid := size *(NetworkIdentitySet size *(uid set tag NetworkStatsHistory))
+                final int identSize = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < identSize; i++) {
+                    final NetworkIdentitySet ident = new NetworkIdentitySet(in);
+
+                    final int size = in.readInt();
+                    for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                        final int uid = in.readInt();
+                        final int set = in.readInt();
+                        final int tag = in.readInt();
+
+                        final Key key = new Key(ident, uid, set, tag);
+                        final NetworkStatsHistory history = new NetworkStatsHistory(in);
+                        recordHistory(key, history);
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                throw new ProtocolException("unexpected version: " + version);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Override
+    public void write(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+        write((DataOutput) new DataOutputStream(out));
+        out.flush();
+    }
+
+    private void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
+        // cluster key lists grouped by ident
+        final HashMap<NetworkIdentitySet, ArrayList<Key>> keysByIdent = new HashMap<>();
+        for (Key key : mStats.keySet()) {
+            ArrayList<Key> keys = keysByIdent.get(key.ident);
+            if (keys == null) {
+                keys = new ArrayList<>();
+                keysByIdent.put(key.ident, keys);
+            }
+            keys.add(key);
+        }
+
+        out.writeInt(FILE_MAGIC);
+        out.writeInt(VERSION_UNIFIED_INIT);
+
+        out.writeInt(keysByIdent.size());
+        for (NetworkIdentitySet ident : keysByIdent.keySet()) {
+            final ArrayList<Key> keys = keysByIdent.get(ident);
+            ident.writeToStream(out);
+
+            out.writeInt(keys.size());
+            for (Key key : keys) {
+                final NetworkStatsHistory history = mStats.get(key);
+                out.writeInt(key.uid);
+                out.writeInt(key.set);
+                out.writeInt(key.tag);
+                history.writeToStream(out);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read legacy network summary statistics file format into the collection,
+     * See {@code NetworkStatsService#maybeUpgradeLegacyStatsLocked}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void readLegacyNetwork(File file) throws IOException {
+        final AtomicFile inputFile = new AtomicFile(file);
+
+        DataInputStream in = null;
+        try {
+            in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(inputFile.openRead()));
+
+            // verify file magic header intact
+            final int magic = in.readInt();
+            if (magic != FILE_MAGIC) {
+                throw new ProtocolException("unexpected magic: " + magic);
+            }
+
+            final int version = in.readInt();
+            switch (version) {
+                case VERSION_NETWORK_INIT: {
+                    // network := size *(NetworkIdentitySet NetworkStatsHistory)
+                    final int size = in.readInt();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                        final NetworkIdentitySet ident = new NetworkIdentitySet(in);
+                        final NetworkStatsHistory history = new NetworkStatsHistory(in);
+
+                        final Key key = new Key(ident, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE);
+                        recordHistory(key, history);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    throw new ProtocolException("unexpected version: " + version);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // missing stats is okay, probably first boot
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(in);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read legacy Uid statistics file format into the collection,
+     * See {@code NetworkStatsService#maybeUpgradeLegacyStatsLocked}.
+     *
+     * @deprecated
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void readLegacyUid(File file, boolean onlyTags) throws IOException {
+        final AtomicFile inputFile = new AtomicFile(file);
+
+        DataInputStream in = null;
+        try {
+            in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(inputFile.openRead()));
+
+            // verify file magic header intact
+            final int magic = in.readInt();
+            if (magic != FILE_MAGIC) {
+                throw new ProtocolException("unexpected magic: " + magic);
+            }
+
+            final int version = in.readInt();
+            switch (version) {
+                case VERSION_UID_INIT: {
+                    // uid := size *(UID NetworkStatsHistory)
+
+                    // drop this data version, since we don't have a good
+                    // mapping into NetworkIdentitySet.
+                    break;
+                }
+                case VERSION_UID_WITH_IDENT: {
+                    // uid := size *(NetworkIdentitySet size *(UID NetworkStatsHistory))
+
+                    // drop this data version, since this version only existed
+                    // for a short time.
+                    break;
+                }
+                case VERSION_UID_WITH_TAG:
+                case VERSION_UID_WITH_SET: {
+                    // uid := size *(NetworkIdentitySet size *(uid set tag NetworkStatsHistory))
+                    final int identSize = in.readInt();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < identSize; i++) {
+                        final NetworkIdentitySet ident = new NetworkIdentitySet(in);
+
+                        final int size = in.readInt();
+                        for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+                            final int uid = in.readInt();
+                            final int set = (version >= VERSION_UID_WITH_SET) ? in.readInt()
+                                    : SET_DEFAULT;
+                            final int tag = in.readInt();
+
+                            final Key key = new Key(ident, uid, set, tag);
+                            final NetworkStatsHistory history = new NetworkStatsHistory(in);
+
+                            if ((tag == TAG_NONE) != onlyTags) {
+                                recordHistory(key, history);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    throw new ProtocolException("unexpected version: " + version);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // missing stats is okay, probably first boot
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(in);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any {@link NetworkStatsHistory} attributed to the requested UID,
+     * moving any {@link NetworkStats#TAG_NONE} series to
+     * {@link TrafficStats#UID_REMOVED}.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void removeUids(int[] uids) {
+        final ArrayList<Key> knownKeys = new ArrayList<>();
+        knownKeys.addAll(mStats.keySet());
+
+        // migrate all UID stats into special "removed" bucket
+        for (Key key : knownKeys) {
+            if (CollectionUtils.contains(uids, key.uid)) {
+                // only migrate combined TAG_NONE history
+                if (key.tag == TAG_NONE) {
+                    final NetworkStatsHistory uidHistory = mStats.get(key);
+                    final NetworkStatsHistory removedHistory = findOrCreateHistory(
+                            key.ident, UID_REMOVED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE);
+                    removedHistory.recordEntireHistory(uidHistory);
+                }
+                mStats.remove(key);
+                mDirty = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void noteRecordedHistory(long startMillis, long endMillis, long totalBytes) {
+        if (startMillis < mStartMillis) mStartMillis = startMillis;
+        if (endMillis > mEndMillis) mEndMillis = endMillis;
+        mTotalBytes += totalBytes;
+        mDirty = true;
+    }
+
+    private int estimateBuckets() {
+        return (int) (Math.min(mEndMillis - mStartMillis, WEEK_IN_MILLIS * 5)
+                / mBucketDurationMillis);
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<Key> getSortedKeys() {
+        final ArrayList<Key> keys = new ArrayList<>();
+        keys.addAll(mStats.keySet());
+        Collections.sort(keys, (left, right) -> Key.compare(left, right));
+        return keys;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
+        for (Key key : getSortedKeys()) {
+            pw.print("ident="); pw.print(key.ident.toString());
+            pw.print(" uid="); pw.print(key.uid);
+            pw.print(" set="); pw.print(NetworkStats.setToString(key.set));
+            pw.print(" tag="); pw.println(NetworkStats.tagToString(key.tag));
+
+            final NetworkStatsHistory history = mStats.get(key);
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            history.dump(pw, true);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dumpDebug(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag) {
+        final long start = proto.start(tag);
+
+        for (Key key : getSortedKeys()) {
+            final long startStats = proto.start(NetworkStatsCollectionProto.STATS);
+
+            // Key
+            final long startKey = proto.start(NetworkStatsCollectionStatsProto.KEY);
+            key.ident.dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto.IDENTITY);
+            proto.write(NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto.UID, key.uid);
+            proto.write(NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto.SET, key.set);
+            proto.write(NetworkStatsCollectionKeyProto.TAG, key.tag);
+            proto.end(startKey);
+
+            // Value
+            final NetworkStatsHistory history = mStats.get(key);
+            history.dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsCollectionStatsProto.HISTORY);
+            proto.end(startStats);
+        }
+
+        proto.end(start);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dumpCheckin(PrintWriter pw, long start, long end) {
+        dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), "cell");
+        dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard(), "wifi");
+        dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateEthernet(), "eth");
+        dumpCheckin(pw, start, end, NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateBluetooth(), "bt");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump all contained stats that match requested parameters, but group
+     * together all matching {@link NetworkTemplate} under a single prefix.
+     */
+    private void dumpCheckin(PrintWriter pw, long start, long end, NetworkTemplate groupTemplate,
+            String groupPrefix) {
+        final ArrayMap<Key, NetworkStatsHistory> grouped = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+        // Walk through all history, grouping by matching network templates
+        for (int i = 0; i < mStats.size(); i++) {
+            final Key key = mStats.keyAt(i);
+            final NetworkStatsHistory value = mStats.valueAt(i);
+
+            if (!templateMatches(groupTemplate, key.ident)) continue;
+            if (key.set >= NetworkStats.SET_DEBUG_START) continue;
+
+            final Key groupKey = new Key(null, key.uid, key.set, key.tag);
+            NetworkStatsHistory groupHistory = grouped.get(groupKey);
+            if (groupHistory == null) {
+                groupHistory = new NetworkStatsHistory(value.getBucketDuration());
+                grouped.put(groupKey, groupHistory);
+            }
+            groupHistory.recordHistory(value, start, end);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < grouped.size(); i++) {
+            final Key key = grouped.keyAt(i);
+            final NetworkStatsHistory value = grouped.valueAt(i);
+
+            if (value.size() == 0) continue;
+
+            pw.print("c,");
+            pw.print(groupPrefix); pw.print(',');
+            pw.print(key.uid); pw.print(',');
+            pw.print(NetworkStats.setToCheckinString(key.set)); pw.print(',');
+            pw.print(key.tag);
+            pw.println();
+
+            value.dumpCheckin(pw);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if given {@link NetworkTemplate} matches any {@link NetworkIdentity}
+     * in the given {@link NetworkIdentitySet}.
+     */
+    private static boolean templateMatches(NetworkTemplate template, NetworkIdentitySet identSet) {
+        for (NetworkIdentity ident : identSet) {
+            if (template.matches(ident)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the all historical stats of the collection {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
+     *
+     * @return All {@link NetworkStatsHistory} in this collection.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Map<Key, NetworkStatsHistory> getEntries() {
+        return new ArrayMap(mStats);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class for {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final long mBucketDurationMillis;
+        private final ArrayMap<Key, NetworkStatsHistory> mEntries = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder with given bucket duration.
+         *
+         * @param bucketDuration Duration of the buckets of the object, in milliseconds.
+         */
+        public Builder(long bucketDurationMillis) {
+            mBucketDurationMillis = bucketDurationMillis;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add association of the history with the specified key in this map.
+         *
+         * @param key The object used to identify a network, see {@link Key}.
+         * @param history {@link NetworkStatsHistory} instance associated to the given {@link Key}.
+         * @return The builder object.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkStatsCollection.Builder addEntry(@NonNull Key key,
+                @NonNull NetworkStatsHistory history) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(key);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(history);
+            final List<Entry> historyEntries = history.getEntries();
+
+            final NetworkStatsHistory.Builder historyBuilder =
+                    new NetworkStatsHistory.Builder(mBucketDurationMillis, historyEntries.size());
+            for (Entry entry : historyEntries) {
+                historyBuilder.addEntry(entry);
+            }
+
+            mEntries.put(key, historyBuilder.build());
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the instance of the {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
+         *
+         * @return the built instance of {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkStatsCollection build() {
+            final NetworkStatsCollection collection =
+                    new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDurationMillis);
+            for (int i = 0; i < mEntries.size(); i++) {
+                collection.recordHistory(mEntries.keyAt(i), mEntries.valueAt(i));
+            }
+            return collection;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * the identifier that associate with the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object to identify
+     * a certain record in the {@link NetworkStatsCollection} object.
+     */
+    public static final class Key {
+        /** @hide */
+        public final NetworkIdentitySet ident;
+        /** @hide */
+        public final int uid;
+        /** @hide */
+        public final int set;
+        /** @hide */
+        public final int tag;
+
+        private final int mHashCode;
+
+        /**
+         * Construct a {@link Key} object.
+         *
+         * @param ident a Set of {@link NetworkIdentity} that associated with the record.
+         * @param uid Uid of the record.
+         * @param set Set of the record, see {@code NetworkStats#SET_*}.
+         * @param tag Tag of the record, see {@link TrafficStats#setThreadStatsTag(int)}.
+         */
+        public Key(@NonNull Set<NetworkIdentity> ident, int uid, @State int set, int tag) {
+            this(new NetworkIdentitySet(Objects.requireNonNull(ident)), uid, set, tag);
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public Key(@NonNull NetworkIdentitySet ident, int uid, int set, int tag) {
+            this.ident = Objects.requireNonNull(ident);
+            this.uid = uid;
+            this.set = set;
+            this.tag = tag;
+            mHashCode = Objects.hash(ident, uid, set, tag);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return mHashCode;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+            if (obj instanceof Key) {
+                final Key key = (Key) obj;
+                return uid == key.uid && set == key.set && tag == key.tag
+                        && Objects.equals(ident, key.ident);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /** @hide */
+        public static int compare(@NonNull Key left, @NonNull Key right) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(left);
+            Objects.requireNonNull(right);
+            int res = 0;
+            if (left.ident != null && right.ident != null) {
+                res = NetworkIdentitySet.compare(left.ident, right.ident);
+            }
+            if (res == 0) {
+                res = Integer.compare(left.uid, right.uid);
+            }
+            if (res == 0) {
+                res = Integer.compare(left.set, right.set);
+            }
+            if (res == 0) {
+                res = Integer.compare(left.tag, right.tag);
+            }
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b9069f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkStatsHistory;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..301fef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkStatsHistory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.DataStreamUtils.readFullLongArray;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.DataStreamUtils.readVarLongArray;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.DataStreamUtils.writeVarLongArray;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.Entry.UNKNOWN;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.ParcelUtils.readLongArray;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.ParcelUtils.writeLongArray;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.multiplySafeByRational;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsHistoryProto;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
+
+import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
+
+import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
+import java.io.DataInput;
+import java.io.DataOutput;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.ProtocolException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/**
+ * Collection of historical network statistics, recorded into equally-sized
+ * "buckets" in time. Internally it stores data in {@code long} series for more
+ * efficient persistence.
+ * <p>
+ * Each bucket is defined by a {@link #bucketStart} timestamp, and lasts for
+ * {@link #bucketDuration}. Internally assumes that {@link #bucketStart} is
+ * sorted at all times.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class NetworkStatsHistory implements Parcelable {
+    private static final int VERSION_INIT = 1;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_PACKETS = 2;
+    private static final int VERSION_ADD_ACTIVE = 3;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_ACTIVE_TIME = 0x01;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_RX_BYTES = 0x02;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_RX_PACKETS = 0x04;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_TX_BYTES = 0x08;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_TX_PACKETS = 0x10;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_OPERATIONS = 0x20;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int FIELD_ALL = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+    private long bucketDuration;
+    private int bucketCount;
+    private long[] bucketStart;
+    private long[] activeTime;
+    private long[] rxBytes;
+    private long[] rxPackets;
+    private long[] txBytes;
+    private long[] txPackets;
+    private long[] operations;
+    private long totalBytes;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(long bucketDuration, long[] bucketStart, long[] activeTime,
+            long[] rxBytes, long[] rxPackets, long[] txBytes, long[] txPackets,
+            long[] operations, int bucketCount, long totalBytes) {
+        this.bucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+        this.bucketStart = bucketStart;
+        this.activeTime = activeTime;
+        this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        this.txBytes = txBytes;
+        this.txPackets = txPackets;
+        this.operations = operations;
+        this.bucketCount = bucketCount;
+        this.totalBytes = totalBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An instance to represent a single record in a {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object.
+     */
+    public static final class Entry {
+        /** @hide */
+        public static final long UNKNOWN = -1;
+
+        /** @hide */
+        // TODO: Migrate all callers to get duration from the history object and remove this field.
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long bucketDuration;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long bucketStart;
+        /** @hide */
+        public long activeTime;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        public long rxBytes;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long rxPackets;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage
+        public long txBytes;
+        /** @hide */
+        @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+        public long txPackets;
+        /** @hide */
+        public long operations;
+        /** @hide */
+        Entry() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Construct a {@link Entry} instance to represent a single record in a
+         * {@link NetworkStatsHistory} object.
+         *
+         * @param bucketStart Start of period for this {@link Entry}, in milliseconds since the
+         *                    Unix epoch, see {@link java.lang.System#currentTimeMillis}.
+         * @param activeTime Active time for this {@link Entry}, in milliseconds.
+         * @param rxBytes Number of bytes received for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param rxPackets Number of packets received for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                  represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param txBytes Number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param txPackets Number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. Statistics should
+         *                  represent the contents of IP packets, including IP headers.
+         * @param operations count of network operations performed for this {@link Entry}. This can
+         *                   be used to derive bytes-per-operation.
+         */
+        public Entry(long bucketStart, long activeTime, long rxBytes,
+                long rxPackets, long txBytes, long txPackets, long operations) {
+            this.bucketStart = bucketStart;
+            this.activeTime = activeTime;
+            this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+            this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+            this.txBytes = txBytes;
+            this.txPackets = txPackets;
+            this.operations = operations;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get start timestamp of the bucket's time interval, in milliseconds since the Unix epoch.
+         */
+        public long getBucketStart() {
+            return bucketStart;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Get active time of the bucket's time interval, in milliseconds.
+         */
+        public long getActiveTime() {
+            return activeTime;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of bytes received for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getRxBytes() {
+            return rxBytes;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of packets received for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getRxPackets() {
+            return rxPackets;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of bytes transmitted for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getTxBytes() {
+            return txBytes;
+        }
+
+        /** Get number of packets transmitted for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getTxPackets() {
+            return txPackets;
+        }
+
+        /** Get count of network operations performed for this {@link Entry}. */
+        public long getOperations() {
+            return operations;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (this == o) return true;
+            if (o.getClass() != getClass()) return false;
+            Entry entry = (Entry) o;
+            return bucketStart == entry.bucketStart
+                    && activeTime == entry.activeTime && rxBytes == entry.rxBytes
+                    && rxPackets == entry.rxPackets && txBytes == entry.txBytes
+                    && txPackets == entry.txPackets && operations == entry.operations;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return (int) (bucketStart * 2
+                    + activeTime * 3
+                    + rxBytes * 5
+                    + rxPackets * 7
+                    + txBytes * 11
+                    + txPackets * 13
+                    + operations * 17);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "Entry{"
+                    + "bucketStart=" + bucketStart
+                    + ", activeTime=" + activeTime
+                    + ", rxBytes=" + rxBytes
+                    + ", rxPackets=" + rxPackets
+                    + ", txBytes=" + txBytes
+                    + ", txPackets=" + txPackets
+                    + ", operations=" + operations
+                    + "}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(long bucketDuration) {
+        this(bucketDuration, 10, FIELD_ALL);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(long bucketDuration, int initialSize) {
+        this(bucketDuration, initialSize, FIELD_ALL);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(long bucketDuration, int initialSize, int fields) {
+        this.bucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+        bucketStart = new long[initialSize];
+        if ((fields & FIELD_ACTIVE_TIME) != 0) activeTime = new long[initialSize];
+        if ((fields & FIELD_RX_BYTES) != 0) rxBytes = new long[initialSize];
+        if ((fields & FIELD_RX_PACKETS) != 0) rxPackets = new long[initialSize];
+        if ((fields & FIELD_TX_BYTES) != 0) txBytes = new long[initialSize];
+        if ((fields & FIELD_TX_PACKETS) != 0) txPackets = new long[initialSize];
+        if ((fields & FIELD_OPERATIONS) != 0) operations = new long[initialSize];
+        bucketCount = 0;
+        totalBytes = 0;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(NetworkStatsHistory existing, long bucketDuration) {
+        this(bucketDuration, existing.estimateResizeBuckets(bucketDuration));
+        recordEntireHistory(existing);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(Parcel in) {
+        bucketDuration = in.readLong();
+        bucketStart = readLongArray(in);
+        activeTime = readLongArray(in);
+        rxBytes = readLongArray(in);
+        rxPackets = readLongArray(in);
+        txBytes = readLongArray(in);
+        txPackets = readLongArray(in);
+        operations = readLongArray(in);
+        bucketCount = bucketStart.length;
+        totalBytes = in.readLong();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel out, int flags) {
+        out.writeLong(bucketDuration);
+        writeLongArray(out, bucketStart, bucketCount);
+        writeLongArray(out, activeTime, bucketCount);
+        writeLongArray(out, rxBytes, bucketCount);
+        writeLongArray(out, rxPackets, bucketCount);
+        writeLongArray(out, txBytes, bucketCount);
+        writeLongArray(out, txPackets, bucketCount);
+        writeLongArray(out, operations, bucketCount);
+        out.writeLong(totalBytes);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkStatsHistory(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+        final int version = in.readInt();
+        switch (version) {
+            case VERSION_INIT: {
+                bucketDuration = in.readLong();
+                bucketStart = readFullLongArray(in);
+                rxBytes = readFullLongArray(in);
+                rxPackets = new long[bucketStart.length];
+                txBytes = readFullLongArray(in);
+                txPackets = new long[bucketStart.length];
+                operations = new long[bucketStart.length];
+                bucketCount = bucketStart.length;
+                totalBytes = CollectionUtils.total(rxBytes) + CollectionUtils.total(txBytes);
+                break;
+            }
+            case VERSION_ADD_PACKETS:
+            case VERSION_ADD_ACTIVE: {
+                bucketDuration = in.readLong();
+                bucketStart = readVarLongArray(in);
+                activeTime = (version >= VERSION_ADD_ACTIVE) ? readVarLongArray(in)
+                        : new long[bucketStart.length];
+                rxBytes = readVarLongArray(in);
+                rxPackets = readVarLongArray(in);
+                txBytes = readVarLongArray(in);
+                txPackets = readVarLongArray(in);
+                operations = readVarLongArray(in);
+                bucketCount = bucketStart.length;
+                totalBytes = CollectionUtils.total(rxBytes) + CollectionUtils.total(txBytes);
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                throw new ProtocolException("unexpected version: " + version);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (bucketStart.length != bucketCount || rxBytes.length != bucketCount
+                || rxPackets.length != bucketCount || txBytes.length != bucketCount
+                || txPackets.length != bucketCount || operations.length != bucketCount) {
+            throw new ProtocolException("Mismatched history lengths");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void writeToStream(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeInt(VERSION_ADD_ACTIVE);
+        out.writeLong(bucketDuration);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, bucketStart, bucketCount);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, activeTime, bucketCount);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, rxBytes, bucketCount);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, rxPackets, bucketCount);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, txBytes, bucketCount);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, txPackets, bucketCount);
+        writeVarLongArray(out, operations, bucketCount);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public int size() {
+        return bucketCount;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public long getBucketDuration() {
+        return bucketDuration;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public long getStart() {
+        if (bucketCount > 0) {
+            return bucketStart[0];
+        } else {
+            return Long.MAX_VALUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public long getEnd() {
+        if (bucketCount > 0) {
+            return bucketStart[bucketCount - 1] + bucketDuration;
+        } else {
+            return Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return total bytes represented by this history.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public long getTotalBytes() {
+        return totalBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return index of bucket that contains or is immediately before the
+     * requested time.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public int getIndexBefore(long time) {
+        int index = Arrays.binarySearch(bucketStart, 0, bucketCount, time);
+        if (index < 0) {
+            index = (~index) - 1;
+        } else {
+            index -= 1;
+        }
+        return NetworkStatsUtils.constrain(index, 0, bucketCount - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return index of bucket that contains or is immediately after the
+     * requested time.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public int getIndexAfter(long time) {
+        int index = Arrays.binarySearch(bucketStart, 0, bucketCount, time);
+        if (index < 0) {
+            index = ~index;
+        } else {
+            index += 1;
+        }
+        return NetworkStatsUtils.constrain(index, 0, bucketCount - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return specific stats entry.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public Entry getValues(int i, Entry recycle) {
+        final Entry entry = recycle != null ? recycle : new Entry();
+        entry.bucketStart = bucketStart[i];
+        entry.bucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+        entry.activeTime = getLong(activeTime, i, UNKNOWN);
+        entry.rxBytes = getLong(rxBytes, i, UNKNOWN);
+        entry.rxPackets = getLong(rxPackets, i, UNKNOWN);
+        entry.txBytes = getLong(txBytes, i, UNKNOWN);
+        entry.txPackets = getLong(txPackets, i, UNKNOWN);
+        entry.operations = getLong(operations, i, UNKNOWN);
+        return entry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get List of {@link Entry} of the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} instance.
+     *
+     * @return
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<Entry> getEntries() {
+        // TODO: Return a wrapper that uses this list instead, to prevent the returned result
+        //  from being changed.
+        final ArrayList<Entry> ret = new ArrayList<>(size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+            ret.add(getValues(i, null /* recycle */));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void setValues(int i, Entry entry) {
+        // Unwind old values
+        if (rxBytes != null) totalBytes -= rxBytes[i];
+        if (txBytes != null) totalBytes -= txBytes[i];
+
+        bucketStart[i] = entry.bucketStart;
+        setLong(activeTime, i, entry.activeTime);
+        setLong(rxBytes, i, entry.rxBytes);
+        setLong(rxPackets, i, entry.rxPackets);
+        setLong(txBytes, i, entry.txBytes);
+        setLong(txPackets, i, entry.txPackets);
+        setLong(operations, i, entry.operations);
+
+        // Apply new values
+        if (rxBytes != null) totalBytes += rxBytes[i];
+        if (txBytes != null) totalBytes += txBytes[i];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record that data traffic occurred in the given time range. Will
+     * distribute across internal buckets, creating new buckets as needed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void recordData(long start, long end, long rxBytes, long txBytes) {
+        recordData(start, end, new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, rxBytes, 0L, txBytes, 0L, 0L));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record that data traffic occurred in the given time range. Will
+     * distribute across internal buckets, creating new buckets as needed.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void recordData(long start, long end, NetworkStats.Entry entry) {
+        long rxBytes = entry.rxBytes;
+        long rxPackets = entry.rxPackets;
+        long txBytes = entry.txBytes;
+        long txPackets = entry.txPackets;
+        long operations = entry.operations;
+
+        if (entry.isNegative()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("tried recording negative data");
+        }
+        if (entry.isEmpty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // create any buckets needed by this range
+        ensureBuckets(start, end);
+        // Return fast if there is still no entry. This would typically happen when the start,
+        // end or duration are not valid values, e.g. start > end, negative duration value, etc.
+        if (bucketCount == 0) return;
+
+        // distribute data usage into buckets
+        long duration = end - start;
+        final int startIndex = getIndexAfter(end);
+        for (int i = startIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
+            final long curStart = bucketStart[i];
+            final long curEnd = curStart + bucketDuration;
+
+            // bucket is older than record; we're finished
+            if (curEnd < start) break;
+            // bucket is newer than record; keep looking
+            if (curStart > end) continue;
+
+            final long overlap = Math.min(curEnd, end) - Math.max(curStart, start);
+            if (overlap <= 0) continue;
+
+            // integer math each time is faster than floating point
+            final long fracRxBytes = multiplySafeByRational(rxBytes, overlap, duration);
+            final long fracRxPackets = multiplySafeByRational(rxPackets, overlap, duration);
+            final long fracTxBytes = multiplySafeByRational(txBytes, overlap, duration);
+            final long fracTxPackets = multiplySafeByRational(txPackets, overlap, duration);
+            final long fracOperations = multiplySafeByRational(operations, overlap, duration);
+
+
+            addLong(activeTime, i, overlap);
+            addLong(this.rxBytes, i, fracRxBytes); rxBytes -= fracRxBytes;
+            addLong(this.rxPackets, i, fracRxPackets); rxPackets -= fracRxPackets;
+            addLong(this.txBytes, i, fracTxBytes); txBytes -= fracTxBytes;
+            addLong(this.txPackets, i, fracTxPackets); txPackets -= fracTxPackets;
+            addLong(this.operations, i, fracOperations); operations -= fracOperations;
+
+            duration -= overlap;
+        }
+
+        totalBytes += entry.rxBytes + entry.txBytes;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record an entire {@link NetworkStatsHistory} into this history. Usually
+     * for combining together stats for external reporting.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void recordEntireHistory(NetworkStatsHistory input) {
+        recordHistory(input, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record given {@link NetworkStatsHistory} into this history, copying only
+     * buckets that atomically occur in the inclusive time range. Doesn't
+     * interpolate across partial buckets.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void recordHistory(NetworkStatsHistory input, long start, long end) {
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        for (int i = 0; i < input.bucketCount; i++) {
+            final long bucketStart = input.bucketStart[i];
+            final long bucketEnd = bucketStart + input.bucketDuration;
+
+            // skip when bucket is outside requested range
+            if (bucketStart < start || bucketEnd > end) continue;
+
+            entry.rxBytes = getLong(input.rxBytes, i, 0L);
+            entry.rxPackets = getLong(input.rxPackets, i, 0L);
+            entry.txBytes = getLong(input.txBytes, i, 0L);
+            entry.txPackets = getLong(input.txPackets, i, 0L);
+            entry.operations = getLong(input.operations, i, 0L);
+
+            recordData(bucketStart, bucketEnd, entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Ensure that buckets exist for given time range, creating as needed.
+     */
+    private void ensureBuckets(long start, long end) {
+        // normalize incoming range to bucket boundaries
+        start -= start % bucketDuration;
+        end += (bucketDuration - (end % bucketDuration)) % bucketDuration;
+
+        for (long now = start; now < end; now += bucketDuration) {
+            // try finding existing bucket
+            final int index = Arrays.binarySearch(bucketStart, 0, bucketCount, now);
+            if (index < 0) {
+                // bucket missing, create and insert
+                insertBucket(~index, now);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert new bucket at requested index and starting time.
+     */
+    private void insertBucket(int index, long start) {
+        // create more buckets when needed
+        if (bucketCount >= bucketStart.length) {
+            final int newLength = Math.max(bucketStart.length, 10) * 3 / 2;
+            bucketStart = Arrays.copyOf(bucketStart, newLength);
+            if (activeTime != null) activeTime = Arrays.copyOf(activeTime, newLength);
+            if (rxBytes != null) rxBytes = Arrays.copyOf(rxBytes, newLength);
+            if (rxPackets != null) rxPackets = Arrays.copyOf(rxPackets, newLength);
+            if (txBytes != null) txBytes = Arrays.copyOf(txBytes, newLength);
+            if (txPackets != null) txPackets = Arrays.copyOf(txPackets, newLength);
+            if (operations != null) operations = Arrays.copyOf(operations, newLength);
+        }
+
+        // create gap when inserting bucket in middle
+        if (index < bucketCount) {
+            final int dstPos = index + 1;
+            final int length = bucketCount - index;
+
+            System.arraycopy(bucketStart, index, bucketStart, dstPos, length);
+            if (activeTime != null) System.arraycopy(activeTime, index, activeTime, dstPos, length);
+            if (rxBytes != null) System.arraycopy(rxBytes, index, rxBytes, dstPos, length);
+            if (rxPackets != null) System.arraycopy(rxPackets, index, rxPackets, dstPos, length);
+            if (txBytes != null) System.arraycopy(txBytes, index, txBytes, dstPos, length);
+            if (txPackets != null) System.arraycopy(txPackets, index, txPackets, dstPos, length);
+            if (operations != null) System.arraycopy(operations, index, operations, dstPos, length);
+        }
+
+        bucketStart[index] = start;
+        setLong(activeTime, index, 0L);
+        setLong(rxBytes, index, 0L);
+        setLong(rxPackets, index, 0L);
+        setLong(txBytes, index, 0L);
+        setLong(txPackets, index, 0L);
+        setLong(operations, index, 0L);
+        bucketCount++;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear all data stored in this object.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void clear() {
+        bucketStart = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        if (activeTime != null) activeTime = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        if (rxBytes != null) rxBytes = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        if (rxPackets != null) rxPackets = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        if (txBytes != null) txBytes = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        if (txPackets != null) txPackets = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        if (operations != null) operations = EmptyArray.LONG;
+        bucketCount = 0;
+        totalBytes = 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove buckets older than requested cutoff.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void removeBucketsBefore(long cutoff) {
+        // TODO: Consider use getIndexBefore.
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < bucketCount; i++) {
+            final long curStart = bucketStart[i];
+            final long curEnd = curStart + bucketDuration;
+
+            // cutoff happens before or during this bucket; everything before
+            // this bucket should be removed.
+            if (curEnd > cutoff) break;
+        }
+
+        if (i > 0) {
+            final int length = bucketStart.length;
+            bucketStart = Arrays.copyOfRange(bucketStart, i, length);
+            if (activeTime != null) activeTime = Arrays.copyOfRange(activeTime, i, length);
+            if (rxBytes != null) rxBytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(rxBytes, i, length);
+            if (rxPackets != null) rxPackets = Arrays.copyOfRange(rxPackets, i, length);
+            if (txBytes != null) txBytes = Arrays.copyOfRange(txBytes, i, length);
+            if (txPackets != null) txPackets = Arrays.copyOfRange(txPackets, i, length);
+            if (operations != null) operations = Arrays.copyOfRange(operations, i, length);
+            bucketCount -= i;
+
+            totalBytes = 0;
+            if (rxBytes != null) totalBytes += CollectionUtils.total(rxBytes);
+            if (txBytes != null) totalBytes += CollectionUtils.total(txBytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return interpolated data usage across the requested range. Interpolates
+     * across buckets, so values may be rounded slightly.
+     *
+     * <p>If the active bucket is not completed yet, it returns the proportional value of it
+     * based on its duration and the {@code end} param.
+     *
+     * @param start - start of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param end - end of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param recycle - entry instance for performance, could be null.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Entry getValues(long start, long end, Entry recycle) {
+        return getValues(start, end, Long.MAX_VALUE, recycle);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return interpolated data usage across the requested range. Interpolates
+     * across buckets, so values may be rounded slightly.
+     *
+     * @param start - start of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param end - end of the range, timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch.
+     * @param now - current timestamp in milliseconds since the epoch (wall clock).
+     * @param recycle - entry instance for performance, could be null.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public Entry getValues(long start, long end, long now, Entry recycle) {
+        final Entry entry = recycle != null ? recycle : new Entry();
+        entry.bucketDuration = end - start;
+        entry.bucketStart = start;
+        entry.activeTime = activeTime != null ? 0 : UNKNOWN;
+        entry.rxBytes = rxBytes != null ? 0 : UNKNOWN;
+        entry.rxPackets = rxPackets != null ? 0 : UNKNOWN;
+        entry.txBytes = txBytes != null ? 0 : UNKNOWN;
+        entry.txPackets = txPackets != null ? 0 : UNKNOWN;
+        entry.operations = operations != null ? 0 : UNKNOWN;
+
+        // Return fast if there is no entry.
+        if (bucketCount == 0) return entry;
+
+        final int startIndex = getIndexAfter(end);
+        for (int i = startIndex; i >= 0; i--) {
+            final long curStart = bucketStart[i];
+            long curEnd = curStart + bucketDuration;
+
+            // bucket is older than request; we're finished
+            if (curEnd <= start) break;
+            // bucket is newer than request; keep looking
+            if (curStart >= end) continue;
+
+            // the active bucket is shorter then a normal completed bucket
+            if (curEnd > now) curEnd = now;
+            // usually this is simply bucketDuration
+            final long bucketSpan = curEnd - curStart;
+            // prevent division by zero
+            if (bucketSpan <= 0) continue;
+
+            final long overlapEnd = curEnd < end ? curEnd : end;
+            final long overlapStart = curStart > start ? curStart : start;
+            final long overlap = overlapEnd - overlapStart;
+            if (overlap <= 0) continue;
+
+            // integer math each time is faster than floating point
+            if (activeTime != null) {
+                entry.activeTime += multiplySafeByRational(activeTime[i], overlap, bucketSpan);
+            }
+            if (rxBytes != null) {
+                entry.rxBytes += multiplySafeByRational(rxBytes[i], overlap, bucketSpan);
+            }
+            if (rxPackets != null) {
+                entry.rxPackets += multiplySafeByRational(rxPackets[i], overlap, bucketSpan);
+            }
+            if (txBytes != null) {
+                entry.txBytes += multiplySafeByRational(txBytes[i], overlap, bucketSpan);
+            }
+            if (txPackets != null) {
+                entry.txPackets += multiplySafeByRational(txPackets[i], overlap, bucketSpan);
+            }
+            if (operations != null) {
+                entry.operations += multiplySafeByRational(operations[i], overlap, bucketSpan);
+            }
+        }
+        return entry;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated only for temporary testing
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void generateRandom(long start, long end, long bytes) {
+        final Random r = new Random();
+
+        final float fractionRx = r.nextFloat();
+        final long rxBytes = (long) (bytes * fractionRx);
+        final long txBytes = (long) (bytes * (1 - fractionRx));
+
+        final long rxPackets = rxBytes / 1024;
+        final long txPackets = txBytes / 1024;
+        final long operations = rxBytes / 2048;
+
+        generateRandom(start, end, rxBytes, rxPackets, txBytes, txPackets, operations, r);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated only for temporary testing
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void generateRandom(long start, long end, long rxBytes, long rxPackets, long txBytes,
+            long txPackets, long operations, Random r) {
+        ensureBuckets(start, end);
+
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+        while (rxBytes > 1024 || rxPackets > 128 || txBytes > 1024 || txPackets > 128
+                || operations > 32) {
+            final long curStart = randomLong(r, start, end);
+            final long curEnd = curStart + randomLong(r, 0, (end - curStart) / 2);
+
+            entry.rxBytes = randomLong(r, 0, rxBytes);
+            entry.rxPackets = randomLong(r, 0, rxPackets);
+            entry.txBytes = randomLong(r, 0, txBytes);
+            entry.txPackets = randomLong(r, 0, txPackets);
+            entry.operations = randomLong(r, 0, operations);
+
+            rxBytes -= entry.rxBytes;
+            rxPackets -= entry.rxPackets;
+            txBytes -= entry.txBytes;
+            txPackets -= entry.txPackets;
+            operations -= entry.operations;
+
+            recordData(curStart, curEnd, entry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static long randomLong(Random r, long start, long end) {
+        return (long) (start + (r.nextFloat() * (end - start)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Quickly determine if this history intersects with given window.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean intersects(long start, long end) {
+        final long dataStart = getStart();
+        final long dataEnd = getEnd();
+        if (start >= dataStart && start <= dataEnd) return true;
+        if (end >= dataStart && end <= dataEnd) return true;
+        if (dataStart >= start && dataStart <= end) return true;
+        if (dataEnd >= start && dataEnd <= end) return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw, boolean fullHistory) {
+        pw.print("NetworkStatsHistory: bucketDuration=");
+        pw.println(bucketDuration / SECOND_IN_MILLIS);
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+
+        final int start = fullHistory ? 0 : Math.max(0, bucketCount - 32);
+        if (start > 0) {
+            pw.print("(omitting "); pw.print(start); pw.println(" buckets)");
+        }
+
+        for (int i = start; i < bucketCount; i++) {
+            pw.print("st="); pw.print(bucketStart[i] / SECOND_IN_MILLIS);
+            if (rxBytes != null) { pw.print(" rb="); pw.print(rxBytes[i]); }
+            if (rxPackets != null) { pw.print(" rp="); pw.print(rxPackets[i]); }
+            if (txBytes != null) { pw.print(" tb="); pw.print(txBytes[i]); }
+            if (txPackets != null) { pw.print(" tp="); pw.print(txPackets[i]); }
+            if (operations != null) { pw.print(" op="); pw.print(operations[i]); }
+            pw.println();
+        }
+
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dumpCheckin(PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.print("d,");
+        pw.print(bucketDuration / SECOND_IN_MILLIS);
+        pw.println();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < bucketCount; i++) {
+            pw.print("b,");
+            pw.print(bucketStart[i] / SECOND_IN_MILLIS); pw.print(',');
+            if (rxBytes != null) { pw.print(rxBytes[i]); } else { pw.print("*"); } pw.print(',');
+            if (rxPackets != null) { pw.print(rxPackets[i]); } else { pw.print("*"); } pw.print(',');
+            if (txBytes != null) { pw.print(txBytes[i]); } else { pw.print("*"); } pw.print(',');
+            if (txPackets != null) { pw.print(txPackets[i]); } else { pw.print("*"); } pw.print(',');
+            if (operations != null) { pw.print(operations[i]); } else { pw.print("*"); }
+            pw.println();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public void dumpDebug(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag) {
+        final long start = proto.start(tag);
+
+        proto.write(NetworkStatsHistoryProto.BUCKET_DURATION_MS, bucketDuration);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < bucketCount; i++) {
+            final long startBucket = proto.start(NetworkStatsHistoryProto.BUCKETS);
+
+            proto.write(NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto.BUCKET_START_MS,
+                    bucketStart[i]);
+            dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto.RX_BYTES, rxBytes, i);
+            dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto.RX_PACKETS, rxPackets, i);
+            dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto.TX_BYTES, txBytes, i);
+            dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto.TX_PACKETS, txPackets, i);
+            dumpDebug(proto, NetworkStatsHistoryBucketProto.OPERATIONS, operations, i);
+
+            proto.end(startBucket);
+        }
+
+        proto.end(start);
+    }
+
+    private static void dumpDebug(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag, long[] array, int index) {
+        if (array != null) {
+            proto.write(tag, array[index]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final CharArrayWriter writer = new CharArrayWriter();
+        dump(new IndentingPrintWriter(writer, "  "), false);
+        return writer.toString();
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkStatsHistory> CREATOR = new Creator<NetworkStatsHistory>() {
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStatsHistory createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new NetworkStatsHistory(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkStatsHistory[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkStatsHistory[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    private static long getLong(long[] array, int i, long value) {
+        return array != null ? array[i] : value;
+    }
+
+    private static void setLong(long[] array, int i, long value) {
+        if (array != null) array[i] = value;
+    }
+
+    private static void addLong(long[] array, int i, long value) {
+        if (array != null) array[i] += value;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public int estimateResizeBuckets(long newBucketDuration) {
+        return (int) (size() * getBucketDuration() / newBucketDuration);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility methods for interacting with {@link DataInputStream} and
+     * {@link DataOutputStream}, mostly dealing with writing partial arrays.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static class DataStreamUtils {
+        @Deprecated
+        public static long[] readFullLongArray(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+            final int size = in.readInt();
+            if (size < 0) throw new ProtocolException("negative array size");
+            final long[] values = new long[size];
+            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+                values[i] = in.readLong();
+            }
+            return values;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Read variable-length {@link Long} using protobuf-style approach.
+         */
+        public static long readVarLong(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+            int shift = 0;
+            long result = 0;
+            while (shift < 64) {
+                byte b = in.readByte();
+                result |= (long) (b & 0x7F) << shift;
+                if ((b & 0x80) == 0)
+                    return result;
+                shift += 7;
+            }
+            throw new ProtocolException("malformed long");
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Write variable-length {@link Long} using protobuf-style approach.
+         */
+        public static void writeVarLong(DataOutput out, long value) throws IOException {
+            while (true) {
+                if ((value & ~0x7FL) == 0) {
+                    out.writeByte((int) value);
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    out.writeByte(((int) value & 0x7F) | 0x80);
+                    value >>>= 7;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public static long[] readVarLongArray(DataInput in) throws IOException {
+            final int size = in.readInt();
+            if (size == -1) return null;
+            if (size < 0) throw new ProtocolException("negative array size");
+            final long[] values = new long[size];
+            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+                values[i] = readVarLong(in);
+            }
+            return values;
+        }
+
+        public static void writeVarLongArray(DataOutput out, long[] values, int size)
+                throws IOException {
+            if (values == null) {
+                out.writeInt(-1);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (size > values.length) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("size larger than length");
+            }
+            out.writeInt(size);
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                writeVarLong(out, values[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Utility methods for interacting with {@link Parcel} structures, mostly
+     * dealing with writing partial arrays.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static class ParcelUtils {
+        public static long[] readLongArray(Parcel in) {
+            final int size = in.readInt();
+            if (size == -1) return null;
+            final long[] values = new long[size];
+            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
+                values[i] = in.readLong();
+            }
+            return values;
+        }
+
+        public static void writeLongArray(Parcel out, long[] values, int size) {
+            if (values == null) {
+                out.writeInt(-1);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (size > values.length) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("size larger than length");
+            }
+            out.writeInt(size);
+            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                out.writeLong(values[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class for {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final long mBucketDuration;
+        private final List<Long> mBucketStart;
+        private final List<Long> mActiveTime;
+        private final List<Long> mRxBytes;
+        private final List<Long> mRxPackets;
+        private final List<Long> mTxBytes;
+        private final List<Long> mTxPackets;
+        private final List<Long> mOperations;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder with given bucket duration and initial capacity to construct
+         * {@link NetworkStatsHistory} objects.
+         *
+         * @param bucketDuration Duration of the buckets of the object, in milliseconds.
+         * @param initialCapacity Estimated number of records.
+         */
+        public Builder(long bucketDuration, int initialCapacity) {
+            mBucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+            mBucketStart = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mActiveTime = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mRxBytes = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mRxPackets = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mTxBytes = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mTxPackets = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+            mOperations = new ArrayList<>(initialCapacity);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Add an {@link Entry} into the {@link NetworkStatsHistory} instance.
+         *
+         * @param entry The target {@link Entry} object.
+         * @return The builder object.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder addEntry(@NonNull Entry entry) {
+            mBucketStart.add(entry.bucketStart);
+            mActiveTime.add(entry.activeTime);
+            mRxBytes.add(entry.rxBytes);
+            mRxPackets.add(entry.rxPackets);
+            mTxBytes.add(entry.txBytes);
+            mTxPackets.add(entry.txPackets);
+            mOperations.add(entry.operations);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private static long sum(@NonNull List<Long> list) {
+            long sum = 0;
+            for (long entry : list) {
+                sum += entry;
+            }
+            return sum;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the instance of the {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+         *
+         * @return the built instance of {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkStatsHistory build() {
+            return new NetworkStatsHistory(mBucketDuration,
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mBucketStart),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mActiveTime),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mRxBytes),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mRxPackets),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mTxBytes),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mTxPackets),
+                    CollectionUtils.toLongArray(mOperations),
+                    mBucketStart.size(),
+                    sum(mRxBytes) + sum(mTxBytes));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b5afd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkTemplate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_PROXY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIMAX;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PAID;
+import static android.net.NetworkIdentity.OEM_PRIVATE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_YES;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkIdentityUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.SortedSet;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+/**
+ * Predicate used to match {@link NetworkIdentity}, usually when collecting
+ * statistics. (It should probably have been named {@code NetworkPredicate}.)
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class NetworkTemplate implements Parcelable {
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "MATCH_" }, value = {
+            MATCH_MOBILE,
+            MATCH_WIFI,
+            MATCH_ETHERNET,
+            MATCH_BLUETOOTH,
+            MATCH_PROXY,
+            MATCH_CARRIER,
+    })
+    public @interface TemplateMatchRule{}
+
+    /** Match rule to match cellular networks with given Subscriber Ids. */
+    public static final int MATCH_MOBILE = 1;
+    /** Match rule to match wifi networks. */
+    public static final int MATCH_WIFI = 4;
+    /** Match rule to match ethernet networks. */
+    public static final int MATCH_ETHERNET = 5;
+    /**
+     * Match rule to match all cellular networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD = 6;
+    /**
+     * Match rule to match all wifi networks.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD = 7;
+    /** Match rule to match bluetooth networks. */
+    public static final int MATCH_BLUETOOTH = 8;
+    /**
+     * Match rule to match networks with {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_PROXY} as the legacy
+     * network type.
+     */
+    public static final int MATCH_PROXY = 9;
+    /**
+     * Match rule to match all networks with subscriberId inside the template. Some carriers
+     * may offer non-cellular networks like WiFi, which will be matched by this rule.
+     */
+    public static final int MATCH_CARRIER = 10;
+
+    // TODO: Remove this and replace all callers with WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL.
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final String WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Wi-Fi Network Key is never supposed to be null (if it is, it is a bug that
+     * should be fixed), so it's not possible to want to match null vs
+     * non-null. Therefore it's fine to use null as a sentinel for Wifi Network Key.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final String WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL = WIFI_NETWORKID_ALL;
+
+    /**
+     * Include all network types when filtering. This is meant to merge in with the
+     * {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*} constants, and thus needs to stay in sync.
+     */
+    public static final int NETWORK_TYPE_ALL = -1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "OEM_MANAGED_" }, value = {
+            OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+            OEM_MANAGED_NO,
+            OEM_MANAGED_YES,
+            OEM_MANAGED_PAID,
+            OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE
+    })
+    public @interface OemManaged{}
+
+    /**
+     * Value to match both OEM managed and unmanaged networks (all networks).
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_MANAGED_ALL = -1;
+    /**
+     * Value to match networks which are not OEM managed.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_MANAGED_NO = OEM_NONE;
+    /**
+     * Value to match any OEM managed network.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_MANAGED_YES = -2;
+    /**
+     * Network has {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID}.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_MANAGED_PAID = OEM_PAID;
+    /**
+     * Network has {@link NetworkCapabilities#NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PRIVATE}.
+     */
+    public static final int OEM_MANAGED_PRIVATE = OEM_PRIVATE;
+
+    private static boolean isKnownMatchRule(final int rule) {
+        switch (rule) {
+            case MATCH_MOBILE:
+            case MATCH_WIFI:
+            case MATCH_ETHERNET:
+            case MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD:
+            case MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD:
+            case MATCH_BLUETOOTH:
+            case MATCH_PROXY:
+            case MATCH_CARRIER:
+                return true;
+
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE} networks with
+     * the given IMSI.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateMobileAll(String subscriberId) {
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, subscriberId, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match cellular networks with the given IMSI, {@code ratType} and
+     * {@code metered}. Use {@link #NETWORK_TYPE_ALL} to include all network types when
+     * filtering. See {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(@Nullable String subscriberId,
+            int ratType, int metered) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(subscriberId)) {
+            return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD, null /* subscriberId */,
+                    null /* matchSubscriberIds */,
+                    new String[0] /* matchWifiNetworkKeys */, metered, ROAMING_ALL,
+                    DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, ratType, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                    NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+        }
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE, subscriberId, new String[] { subscriberId },
+                new String[0] /* matchWifiNetworkKeys */,
+                metered, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, ratType, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match metered {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_MOBILE} networks,
+     * regardless of IMSI.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateMobileWildcard() {
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match all metered {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI} networks,
+     * regardless of key of the wifi network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateWifiWildcard() {
+        // TODO: Consider replace this with MATCH_WIFI with NETWORK_ID_ALL
+        // and SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL.
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Deprecated
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateWifi() {
+        return buildTemplateWifiWildcard();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI} networks with the
+     * given key of the wifi network.
+     *
+     * @param wifiNetworkKey key of the wifi network. see {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}
+     *                  to know details about the key.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateWifi(@NonNull String wifiNetworkKey) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(wifiNetworkKey);
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, null /* subscriberId */,
+                new String[] { null } /* matchSubscriberIds */,
+                new String[] { wifiNetworkKey }, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match all {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_WIFI} networks with the given
+     * key of the wifi network and IMSI.
+     *
+     * Call with {@link #WIFI_NETWORK_KEY_ALL} for {@code wifiNetworkKey} to get result regardless
+     * of key of the wifi network.
+     *
+     * @param wifiNetworkKey key of the wifi network. see {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}
+     *                  to know details about the key.
+     * @param subscriberId the IMSI associated to this wifi network.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateWifi(@Nullable String wifiNetworkKey,
+            @Nullable String subscriberId) {
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_WIFI, subscriberId, new String[] { subscriberId },
+                wifiNetworkKey != null
+                        ? new String[] { wifiNetworkKey } : new String[0],
+                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to combine all {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_ETHERNET} style
+     * networks together.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateEthernet() {
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_ETHERNET, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to combine all {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_BLUETOOTH} style
+     * networks together.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateBluetooth() {
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_BLUETOOTH, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to combine all {@link ConnectivityManager#TYPE_PROXY} style
+     * networks together.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateProxy() {
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_PROXY, null, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Template to match all metered carrier networks with the given IMSI.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkTemplate buildTemplateCarrierMetered(@NonNull String subscriberId) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(subscriberId);
+        return new NetworkTemplate(MATCH_CARRIER, subscriberId,
+                new String[] { subscriberId },
+                new String[0] /* matchWifiNetworkKeys */,
+                METERED_YES, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL, OEM_MANAGED_ALL,
+                NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+    }
+
+    private final int mMatchRule;
+    private final String mSubscriberId;
+
+    /**
+     * Ugh, templates are designed to target a single subscriber, but we might
+     * need to match several "merged" subscribers. These are the subscribers
+     * that should be considered to match this template.
+     * <p>
+     * Since the merge set is dynamic, it should <em>not</em> be persisted or
+     * used for determining equality.
+     */
+    private final String[] mMatchSubscriberIds;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final String[] mMatchWifiNetworkKeys;
+
+    // Matches for the NetworkStats constants METERED_*, ROAMING_* and DEFAULT_NETWORK_*.
+    private final int mMetered;
+    private final int mRoaming;
+    private final int mDefaultNetwork;
+    private final int mRatType;
+    /**
+     * The subscriber Id match rule defines how the template should match networks with
+     * specific subscriberId(s). See NetworkTemplate#SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_* for more detail.
+     */
+    private final int mSubscriberIdMatchRule;
+
+    // Bitfield containing OEM network properties{@code NetworkIdentity#OEM_*}.
+    private final int mOemManaged;
+
+    private static void checkValidSubscriberIdMatchRule(int matchRule, int subscriberIdMatchRule) {
+        switch (matchRule) {
+            case MATCH_MOBILE:
+            case MATCH_CARRIER:
+                // MOBILE and CARRIER templates must always specify a subscriber ID.
+                if (subscriberIdMatchRule == NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SubscriberIdMatchRule "
+                            + "on match rule: " + getMatchRuleName(matchRule));
+                }
+                return;
+            default:
+                return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Deprecate this constructor, mark it @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = S)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public NetworkTemplate(int matchRule, String subscriberId, String wifiNetworkKey) {
+        this(matchRule, subscriberId, new String[] { subscriberId }, wifiNetworkKey);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkTemplate(int matchRule, String subscriberId, String[] matchSubscriberIds,
+            String wifiNetworkKey) {
+        // Older versions used to only match MATCH_MOBILE and MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD templates
+        // to metered networks. It is now possible to match mobile with any meteredness, but
+        // in order to preserve backward compatibility of @UnsupportedAppUsage methods, this
+        //constructor passes METERED_YES for these types.
+        this(matchRule, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
+                wifiNetworkKey != null ? new String[] { wifiNetworkKey } : new String[0],
+                (matchRule == MATCH_MOBILE || matchRule == MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD) ? METERED_YES
+                : METERED_ALL , ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL,
+                OEM_MANAGED_ALL, NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Remove it after updating all of the caller.
+    public NetworkTemplate(int matchRule, String subscriberId, String[] matchSubscriberIds,
+            String wifiNetworkKey, int metered, int roaming, int defaultNetwork, int ratType,
+            int oemManaged) {
+        this(matchRule, subscriberId, matchSubscriberIds,
+                wifiNetworkKey != null ? new String[] { wifiNetworkKey } : new String[0],
+                metered, roaming, defaultNetwork, ratType, oemManaged,
+                NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT);
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NetworkTemplate(int matchRule, String subscriberId, String[] matchSubscriberIds,
+            String[] matchWifiNetworkKeys, int metered, int roaming,
+            int defaultNetwork, int ratType, int oemManaged, int subscriberIdMatchRule) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(matchWifiNetworkKeys);
+        mMatchRule = matchRule;
+        mSubscriberId = subscriberId;
+        // TODO: Check whether mMatchSubscriberIds = null or mMatchSubscriberIds = {null} when
+        // mSubscriberId is null
+        mMatchSubscriberIds = matchSubscriberIds;
+        mMatchWifiNetworkKeys = matchWifiNetworkKeys;
+        mMetered = metered;
+        mRoaming = roaming;
+        mDefaultNetwork = defaultNetwork;
+        mRatType = ratType;
+        mOemManaged = oemManaged;
+        mSubscriberIdMatchRule = subscriberIdMatchRule;
+        checkValidSubscriberIdMatchRule(matchRule, subscriberIdMatchRule);
+        if (!isKnownMatchRule(matchRule)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown network template rule " + matchRule
+                    + " will not match any identity.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkTemplate(Parcel in) {
+        mMatchRule = in.readInt();
+        mSubscriberId = in.readString();
+        mMatchSubscriberIds = in.createStringArray();
+        mMatchWifiNetworkKeys = in.createStringArray();
+        mMetered = in.readInt();
+        mRoaming = in.readInt();
+        mDefaultNetwork = in.readInt();
+        mRatType = in.readInt();
+        mOemManaged = in.readInt();
+        mSubscriberIdMatchRule = in.readInt();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mMatchRule);
+        dest.writeString(mSubscriberId);
+        dest.writeStringArray(mMatchSubscriberIds);
+        dest.writeStringArray(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys);
+        dest.writeInt(mMetered);
+        dest.writeInt(mRoaming);
+        dest.writeInt(mDefaultNetwork);
+        dest.writeInt(mRatType);
+        dest.writeInt(mOemManaged);
+        dest.writeInt(mSubscriberIdMatchRule);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("NetworkTemplate: ");
+        builder.append("matchRule=").append(getMatchRuleName(mMatchRule));
+        if (mSubscriberId != null) {
+            builder.append(", subscriberId=").append(
+                    NetworkIdentityUtils.scrubSubscriberId(mSubscriberId));
+        }
+        if (mMatchSubscriberIds != null) {
+            builder.append(", matchSubscriberIds=").append(
+                    Arrays.toString(NetworkIdentityUtils.scrubSubscriberIds(mMatchSubscriberIds)));
+        }
+        builder.append(", matchWifiNetworkKeys=").append(Arrays.toString(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys));
+        if (mMetered != METERED_ALL) {
+            builder.append(", metered=").append(NetworkStats.meteredToString(mMetered));
+        }
+        if (mRoaming != ROAMING_ALL) {
+            builder.append(", roaming=").append(NetworkStats.roamingToString(mRoaming));
+        }
+        if (mDefaultNetwork != DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL) {
+            builder.append(", defaultNetwork=").append(NetworkStats.defaultNetworkToString(
+                    mDefaultNetwork));
+        }
+        if (mRatType != NETWORK_TYPE_ALL) {
+            builder.append(", ratType=").append(mRatType);
+        }
+        if (mOemManaged != OEM_MANAGED_ALL) {
+            builder.append(", oemManaged=").append(getOemManagedNames(mOemManaged));
+        }
+        builder.append(", subscriberIdMatchRule=")
+                .append(subscriberIdMatchRuleToString(mSubscriberIdMatchRule));
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mMatchRule, mSubscriberId, Arrays.hashCode(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys),
+                mMetered, mRoaming, mDefaultNetwork, mRatType, mOemManaged, mSubscriberIdMatchRule);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
+        if (obj instanceof NetworkTemplate) {
+            final NetworkTemplate other = (NetworkTemplate) obj;
+            return mMatchRule == other.mMatchRule
+                    && Objects.equals(mSubscriberId, other.mSubscriberId)
+                    && mMetered == other.mMetered
+                    && mRoaming == other.mRoaming
+                    && mDefaultNetwork == other.mDefaultNetwork
+                    && mRatType == other.mRatType
+                    && mOemManaged == other.mOemManaged
+                    && mSubscriberIdMatchRule == other.mSubscriberIdMatchRule
+                    && Arrays.equals(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys, other.mMatchWifiNetworkKeys);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private static String subscriberIdMatchRuleToString(int rule) {
+        switch (rule) {
+            case NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT:
+                return "EXACT_MATCH";
+            case NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL:
+                return "ALL";
+            default:
+                return "Unknown rule " + rule;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public boolean isMatchRuleMobile() {
+        switch (mMatchRule) {
+            case MATCH_MOBILE:
+            case MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get match rule of the template. See {@code MATCH_*}.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public int getMatchRule() {
+        // Wildcard rules are not exposed. For external callers, convert wildcard rules to
+        // exposed rules before returning.
+        switch (mMatchRule) {
+            case MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD:
+                return MATCH_MOBILE;
+            case MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD:
+                return MATCH_WIFI;
+            default:
+                return mMatchRule;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get subscriber Id of the template.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public String getSubscriberId() {
+        return mSubscriberId;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get set of subscriber Ids of the template.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Set<String> getSubscriberIds() {
+        return new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(mMatchSubscriberIds));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the set of Wifi Network Keys of the template.
+     * See {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public Set<String> getWifiNetworkKeys() {
+        return new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys));
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    // TODO: Remove this and replace all callers with {@link #getWifiNetworkKeys()}.
+    @Nullable
+    public String getNetworkId() {
+        return getWifiNetworkKeys().isEmpty() ? null : getWifiNetworkKeys().iterator().next();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get meteredness filter of the template.
+     */
+    @NetworkStats.Meteredness
+    public int getMeteredness() {
+        return mMetered;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get roaming filter of the template.
+     */
+    @NetworkStats.Roaming
+    public int getRoaming() {
+        return mRoaming;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the default network status filter of the template.
+     */
+    @NetworkStats.DefaultNetwork
+    public int getDefaultNetworkStatus() {
+        return mDefaultNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type filter of the template.
+     */
+    public int getRatType() {
+        return mRatType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the OEM managed filter of the template. See {@code OEM_MANAGED_*} or
+     * {@code android.net.NetworkIdentity#OEM_*}.
+     */
+    @OemManaged
+    public int getOemManaged() {
+        return mOemManaged;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if given {@link NetworkIdentity} matches this template.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public boolean matches(@NonNull NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(ident);
+        if (!matchesMetered(ident)) return false;
+        if (!matchesRoaming(ident)) return false;
+        if (!matchesDefaultNetwork(ident)) return false;
+        if (!matchesOemNetwork(ident)) return false;
+
+        switch (mMatchRule) {
+            case MATCH_MOBILE:
+                return matchesMobile(ident);
+            case MATCH_WIFI:
+                return matchesWifi(ident);
+            case MATCH_ETHERNET:
+                return matchesEthernet(ident);
+            case MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD:
+                return matchesMobileWildcard(ident);
+            case MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD:
+                return matchesWifiWildcard(ident);
+            case MATCH_BLUETOOTH:
+                return matchesBluetooth(ident);
+            case MATCH_PROXY:
+                return matchesProxy(ident);
+            case MATCH_CARRIER:
+                return matchesCarrier(ident);
+            default:
+                // We have no idea what kind of network template we are, so we
+                // just claim not to match anything.
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesMetered(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return (mMetered == METERED_ALL)
+            || (mMetered == METERED_YES && ident.mMetered)
+            || (mMetered == METERED_NO && !ident.mMetered);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesRoaming(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return (mRoaming == ROAMING_ALL)
+            || (mRoaming == ROAMING_YES && ident.mRoaming)
+            || (mRoaming == ROAMING_NO && !ident.mRoaming);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesDefaultNetwork(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return (mDefaultNetwork == DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL)
+            || (mDefaultNetwork == DEFAULT_NETWORK_YES && ident.mDefaultNetwork)
+            || (mDefaultNetwork == DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO && !ident.mDefaultNetwork);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesOemNetwork(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return (mOemManaged == OEM_MANAGED_ALL)
+            || (mOemManaged == OEM_MANAGED_YES
+                    && ident.mOemManaged != OEM_NONE)
+            || (mOemManaged == ident.mOemManaged);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesCollapsedRatType(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return mRatType == NETWORK_TYPE_ALL
+                || NetworkStatsManager.getCollapsedRatType(mRatType)
+                == NetworkStatsManager.getCollapsedRatType(ident.mRatType);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if this template matches {@code subscriberId}. Returns true if this
+     * template was created with {@code SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL}, or with a
+     * {@code mMatchSubscriberIds} array that contains {@code subscriberId}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public boolean matchesSubscriberId(@Nullable String subscriberId) {
+        return mSubscriberIdMatchRule == NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL
+                || CollectionUtils.contains(mMatchSubscriberIds, subscriberId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if network matches key of the wifi network.
+     * Returns true when the key matches, or when {@code mMatchWifiNetworkKeys} is
+     * empty.
+     *
+     * @param wifiNetworkKey key of the wifi network. see {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}
+     *                  to know details about the key.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesWifiNetworkKey(@NonNull String wifiNetworkKey) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(wifiNetworkKey);
+        return CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys)
+                || CollectionUtils.contains(mMatchWifiNetworkKeys, wifiNetworkKey);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if mobile network matches IMSI.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesMobile(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        if (ident.mType == TYPE_WIMAX) {
+            // TODO: consider matching against WiMAX subscriber identity
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return ident.mType == TYPE_MOBILE && !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mMatchSubscriberIds)
+                    && CollectionUtils.contains(mMatchSubscriberIds, ident.mSubscriberId)
+                    && matchesCollapsedRatType(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if matches Wi-Fi network template.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesWifi(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        switch (ident.mType) {
+            case TYPE_WIFI:
+                return matchesSubscriberId(ident.mSubscriberId)
+                        && matchesWifiNetworkKey(ident.mWifiNetworkKey);
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if matches Ethernet network template.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesEthernet(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        if (ident.mType == TYPE_ETHERNET) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if matches carrier network. The carrier networks means it includes the subscriberId.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesCarrier(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return ident.mSubscriberId != null
+                && !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mMatchSubscriberIds)
+                && CollectionUtils.contains(mMatchSubscriberIds, ident.mSubscriberId);
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesMobileWildcard(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        if (ident.mType == TYPE_WIMAX) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return ident.mType == TYPE_MOBILE && matchesCollapsedRatType(ident);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean matchesWifiWildcard(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        switch (ident.mType) {
+            case TYPE_WIFI:
+            case TYPE_WIFI_P2P:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if matches Bluetooth network template.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesBluetooth(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        if (ident.mType == TYPE_BLUETOOTH) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if matches Proxy network template.
+     */
+    private boolean matchesProxy(NetworkIdentity ident) {
+        return ident.mType == TYPE_PROXY;
+    }
+
+    private static String getMatchRuleName(int matchRule) {
+        switch (matchRule) {
+            case MATCH_MOBILE:
+                return "MOBILE";
+            case MATCH_WIFI:
+                return "WIFI";
+            case MATCH_ETHERNET:
+                return "ETHERNET";
+            case MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD:
+                return "MOBILE_WILDCARD";
+            case MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD:
+                return "WIFI_WILDCARD";
+            case MATCH_BLUETOOTH:
+                return "BLUETOOTH";
+            case MATCH_PROXY:
+                return "PROXY";
+            case MATCH_CARRIER:
+                return "CARRIER";
+            default:
+                return "UNKNOWN(" + matchRule + ")";
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String getOemManagedNames(int oemManaged) {
+        switch (oemManaged) {
+            case OEM_MANAGED_ALL:
+                return "OEM_MANAGED_ALL";
+            case OEM_MANAGED_NO:
+                return "OEM_MANAGED_NO";
+            case OEM_MANAGED_YES:
+                return "OEM_MANAGED_YES";
+            default:
+                return NetworkIdentity.getOemManagedNames(oemManaged);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examine the given template and normalize it.
+     * We pick the "lowest" merged subscriber as the primary
+     * for key purposes, and expand the template to match all other merged
+     * subscribers.
+     * <p>
+     * For example, given an incoming template matching B, and the currently
+     * active merge set [A,B], we'd return a new template that primarily matches
+     * A, but also matches B.
+     * TODO: remove and use {@link #normalize(NetworkTemplate, List)}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static NetworkTemplate normalize(NetworkTemplate template, String[] merged) {
+        return normalize(template, Arrays.<String[]>asList(merged));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Examine the given template and normalize it.
+     * We pick the "lowest" merged subscriber as the primary
+     * for key purposes, and expand the template to match all other merged
+     * subscribers.
+     *
+     * There can be multiple merged subscriberIds for multi-SIM devices.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * For example, given an incoming template matching B, and the currently
+     * active merge set [A,B], we'd return a new template that primarily matches
+     * A, but also matches B.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // TODO: @SystemApi when ready.
+    public static NetworkTemplate normalize(NetworkTemplate template, List<String[]> mergedList) {
+        // Now there are several types of network which uses SubscriberId to store network
+        // information. For instances:
+        // The TYPE_WIFI with subscriberId means that it is a merged carrier wifi network.
+        // The TYPE_CARRIER means that the network associate to specific carrier network.
+
+        if (template.mSubscriberId == null) return template;
+
+        for (String[] merged : mergedList) {
+            if (CollectionUtils.contains(merged, template.mSubscriberId)) {
+                // Requested template subscriber is part of the merge group; return
+                // a template that matches all merged subscribers.
+                final String[] matchWifiNetworkKeys = template.mMatchWifiNetworkKeys;
+                return new NetworkTemplate(template.mMatchRule, merged[0], merged,
+                        CollectionUtils.isEmpty(matchWifiNetworkKeys)
+                                ? null : matchWifiNetworkKeys[0]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return template;
+    }
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NetworkTemplate> CREATOR = new Creator<NetworkTemplate>() {
+        @Override
+        public NetworkTemplate createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+            return new NetworkTemplate(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public NetworkTemplate[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new NetworkTemplate[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Builder class for NetworkTemplate.
+     */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private final int mMatchRule;
+        // Use a SortedSet to provide a deterministic order when fetching the first one.
+        @NonNull
+        private final SortedSet<String> mMatchSubscriberIds =
+                new TreeSet<>(Comparator.nullsFirst(Comparator.naturalOrder()));
+        @NonNull
+        private final SortedSet<String> mMatchWifiNetworkKeys = new TreeSet<>();
+
+        // Matches for the NetworkStats constants METERED_*, ROAMING_* and DEFAULT_NETWORK_*.
+        private int mMetered;
+        private int mRoaming;
+        private int mDefaultNetwork;
+        private int mRatType;
+
+        // Bitfield containing OEM network properties {@code NetworkIdentity#OEM_*}.
+        private int mOemManaged;
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new Builder with given match rule to construct NetworkTemplate objects.
+         *
+         * @param matchRule the match rule of the template, see {@code MATCH_*}.
+         */
+        public Builder(@TemplateMatchRule final int matchRule) {
+            assertRequestableMatchRule(matchRule);
+            // Initialize members with default values.
+            mMatchRule = matchRule;
+            mMetered = METERED_ALL;
+            mRoaming = ROAMING_ALL;
+            mDefaultNetwork = DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+            mRatType = NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
+            mOemManaged = OEM_MANAGED_ALL;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Subscriber Ids. Calling this function with an empty set represents
+         * the intention of matching any Subscriber Ids.
+         *
+         * @param subscriberIds the list of Subscriber Ids.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setSubscriberIds(@NonNull Set<String> subscriberIds) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(subscriberIds);
+            mMatchSubscriberIds.clear();
+            mMatchSubscriberIds.addAll(subscriberIds);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Wifi Network Keys. Calling this function with an empty set represents
+         * the intention of matching any Wifi Network Key.
+         *
+         * @param wifiNetworkKeys the list of Wifi Network Key,
+         *                        see {@link WifiInfo#getNetworkKey()}.
+         *                        Or an empty list to match all networks.
+         *                        Note that {@code getNetworkKey()} might get null key
+         *                        when wifi disconnects. However, the caller should never invoke
+         *                        this function with a null Wifi Network Key since such statistics
+         *                        never exists.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setWifiNetworkKeys(@NonNull Set<String> wifiNetworkKeys) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(wifiNetworkKeys);
+            for (String key : wifiNetworkKeys) {
+                if (key == null) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Null is not a valid key");
+                }
+            }
+            mMatchWifiNetworkKeys.clear();
+            mMatchWifiNetworkKeys.addAll(wifiNetworkKeys);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the meteredness filter.
+         *
+         * @param metered the meteredness filter.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setMeteredness(@NetworkStats.Meteredness int metered) {
+            mMetered = metered;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the roaming filter.
+         *
+         * @param roaming the roaming filter.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRoaming(@NetworkStats.Roaming int roaming) {
+            mRoaming = roaming;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the default network status filter.
+         *
+         * @param defaultNetwork the default network status filter.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setDefaultNetworkStatus(@NetworkStats.DefaultNetwork int defaultNetwork) {
+            mDefaultNetwork = defaultNetwork;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type filter.
+         *
+         * @param ratType the Radio Access Technology(RAT) type filter. Use
+         *                {@link #NETWORK_TYPE_ALL} to include all network types when filtering.
+         *                See {@code TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_*}.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setRatType(int ratType) {
+            // Input will be validated with the match rule when building the template.
+            mRatType = ratType;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Set the OEM managed filter.
+         *
+         * @param oemManaged the match rule to match different type of OEM managed network or
+         *                   unmanaged networks. See {@code OEM_MANAGED_*}.
+         * @return this builder.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setOemManaged(@OemManaged int oemManaged) {
+            mOemManaged = oemManaged;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Check whether the match rule is requestable.
+         *
+         * @param matchRule the target match rule to be checked.
+         */
+        private static void assertRequestableMatchRule(final int matchRule) {
+            if (!isKnownMatchRule(matchRule)
+                    || matchRule == MATCH_PROXY
+                    || matchRule == MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD
+                    || matchRule == MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid match rule: "
+                        + getMatchRuleName(matchRule));
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void assertRequestableParameters() {
+            validateWifiNetworkKeys();
+            // TODO: Check all the input are legitimate.
+        }
+
+        private void validateWifiNetworkKeys() {
+            if (mMatchRule != MATCH_WIFI && !mMatchWifiNetworkKeys.isEmpty()) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Trying to build non wifi match rule: "
+                        + mMatchRule + " with wifi network keys");
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * For backward compatibility, deduce match rule to a wildcard match rule
+         * if the Subscriber Ids are empty.
+         */
+        private int getWildcardDeducedMatchRule() {
+            if (mMatchRule == MATCH_MOBILE && mMatchSubscriberIds.isEmpty()) {
+                return MATCH_MOBILE_WILDCARD;
+            } else if (mMatchRule == MATCH_WIFI && mMatchSubscriberIds.isEmpty()
+                    && mMatchWifiNetworkKeys.isEmpty()) {
+                return MATCH_WIFI_WILDCARD;
+            }
+            return mMatchRule;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Builds the instance of the NetworkTemplate.
+         *
+         * @return the built instance of NetworkTemplate.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkTemplate build() {
+            assertRequestableParameters();
+            final int subscriberIdMatchRule = mMatchSubscriberIds.isEmpty()
+                    ? NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_ALL
+                    : NetworkStatsUtils.SUBSCRIBER_ID_MATCH_RULE_EXACT;
+            return new NetworkTemplate(getWildcardDeducedMatchRule(),
+                    mMatchSubscriberIds.isEmpty() ? null : mMatchSubscriberIds.iterator().next(),
+                    mMatchSubscriberIds.toArray(new String[0]),
+                    mMatchWifiNetworkKeys.toArray(new String[0]), mMetered, mRoaming,
+                    mDefaultNetwork, mRatType, mOemManaged, subscriberIdMatchRule);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc4ac55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1148 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
+import android.app.DownloadManager;
+import android.app.backup.BackupManager;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.media.MediaPlayer;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.StrictMode;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.DatagramSocket;
+import java.net.Socket;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+
+/**
+ * Class that provides network traffic statistics. These statistics include
+ * bytes transmitted and received and network packets transmitted and received,
+ * over all interfaces, over the mobile interface, and on a per-UID basis.
+ * <p>
+ * These statistics may not be available on all platforms. If the statistics are
+ * not supported by this device, {@link #UNSUPPORTED} will be returned.
+ * <p>
+ * Note that the statistics returned by this class reset and start from zero
+ * after every reboot. To access more robust historical network statistics data,
+ * use {@link NetworkStatsManager} instead.
+ */
+public class TrafficStats {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("framework-connectivity-tiramisu-jni");
+    }
+
+    private static final String TAG = TrafficStats.class.getSimpleName();
+    /**
+     * The return value to indicate that the device does not support the statistic.
+     */
+    public final static int UNSUPPORTED = -1;
+
+    /** @hide @deprecated use {@code DataUnit} instead to clarify SI-vs-IEC */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final long KB_IN_BYTES = 1024;
+    /** @hide @deprecated use {@code DataUnit} instead to clarify SI-vs-IEC */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final long MB_IN_BYTES = KB_IN_BYTES * 1024;
+    /** @hide @deprecated use {@code DataUnit} instead to clarify SI-vs-IEC */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final long GB_IN_BYTES = MB_IN_BYTES * 1024;
+    /** @hide @deprecated use {@code DataUnit} instead to clarify SI-vs-IEC */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final long TB_IN_BYTES = GB_IN_BYTES * 1024;
+    /** @hide @deprecated use {@code DataUnit} instead to clarify SI-vs-IEC */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static final long PB_IN_BYTES = TB_IN_BYTES * 1024;
+
+    /**
+     * Special UID value used when collecting {@link NetworkStatsHistory} for
+     * removed applications.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int UID_REMOVED = -4;
+
+    /**
+     * Special UID value used when collecting {@link NetworkStatsHistory} for
+     * tethering traffic.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int UID_TETHERING = NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
+
+    /**
+     * Tag values in this range are reserved for the network stack. The network stack is
+     * running as UID {@link android.os.Process.NETWORK_STACK_UID} when in the mainline
+     * module separate process, and as the system UID otherwise.
+     */
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_RANGE_START = 0xFFFFFD00;
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_RANGE_END = 0xFFFFFEFF;
+
+    /**
+     * Tags between 0xFFFFFF00 and 0xFFFFFFFF are reserved and used internally by system services
+     * like DownloadManager when performing traffic on behalf of an application.
+     */
+    // Please note there is no enforcement of these constants, so do not rely on them to
+    // determine that the caller is a system caller.
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_START = 0xFFFFFF00;
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_END = 0xFFFFFF0F;
+
+    /**
+     * Tag values between these ranges are reserved for the network stack to do traffic
+     * on behalf of applications. It is a subrange of the range above.
+     */
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_START = 0xFFFFFF80;
+    /** @hide */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TAG_NETWORK_STACK_IMPERSONATION_RANGE_END = 0xFFFFFF8F;
+
+    /**
+     * Default tag value for {@link DownloadManager} traffic.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_DOWNLOAD = 0xFFFFFF01;
+
+    /**
+     * Default tag value for {@link MediaPlayer} traffic.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_MEDIA = 0xFFFFFF02;
+
+    /**
+     * Default tag value for {@link BackupManager} backup traffic; that is,
+     * traffic from the device to the storage backend.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_BACKUP = 0xFFFFFF03;
+
+    /**
+     * Default tag value for {@link BackupManager} restore traffic; that is,
+     * app data retrieved from the storage backend at install time.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_RESTORE = 0xFFFFFF04;
+
+    /**
+     * Default tag value for code (typically APKs) downloaded by an app store on
+     * behalf of the app, such as updates.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_APP = 0xFFFFFF05;
+
+    // TODO : remove this constant when Wifi code is updated
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE = 0xFFFFFF42;
+
+    private static INetworkStatsService sStatsService;
+
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    private synchronized static INetworkStatsService getStatsService() {
+        if (sStatsService == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("TrafficStats not initialized, uid="
+                    + Binder.getCallingUid());
+        }
+        return sStatsService;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Snapshot of {@link NetworkStats} when the currently active profiling
+     * session started, or {@code null} if no session active.
+     *
+     * @see #startDataProfiling(Context)
+     * @see #stopDataProfiling(Context)
+     */
+    private static NetworkStats sActiveProfilingStart;
+
+    private static Object sProfilingLock = new Object();
+
+    private static final String LOOPBACK_IFACE = "lo";
+
+    /**
+     * Initialization {@link TrafficStats} with the context, to
+     * allow {@link TrafficStats} to fetch the needed binder.
+     *
+     * @param context a long-lived context, such as the application context or system
+     *                server context.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    @SuppressLint("VisiblySynchronized")
+    public static synchronized void init(@NonNull final Context context) {
+        if (sStatsService != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("TrafficStats is already initialized, uid="
+                    + Binder.getCallingUid());
+        }
+        final NetworkStatsManager statsManager =
+                context.getSystemService(NetworkStatsManager.class);
+        if (statsManager == null) {
+            // TODO: Currently Process.isSupplemental is not working yet, because it depends on
+            //  process to run in a certain UID range, which is not true for now. Change this
+            //  to Log.wtf once Process.isSupplemental is ready.
+            Log.e(TAG, "TrafficStats not initialized, uid=" + Binder.getCallingUid());
+            return;
+        }
+        sStatsService = statsManager.getBinder();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attach the socket tagger implementation to the current process, to
+     * get notified when a socket's {@link FileDescriptor} is assigned to
+     * a thread. See {@link SocketTagger#set(SocketTagger)}.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static void attachSocketTagger() {
+        dalvik.system.SocketTagger.set(new SocketTagger());
+    }
+
+    private static class SocketTagger extends dalvik.system.SocketTagger {
+
+        // TODO: set to false
+        private static final boolean LOGD = true;
+
+        SocketTagger() {
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void tag(FileDescriptor fd) throws SocketException {
+            final UidTag tagInfo = sThreadUidTag.get();
+            if (LOGD) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "tagSocket(" + fd.getInt$() + ") with statsTag=0x"
+                        + Integer.toHexString(tagInfo.tag) + ", statsUid=" + tagInfo.uid);
+            }
+            if (tagInfo.tag == -1) {
+                StrictMode.noteUntaggedSocket();
+            }
+
+            if (tagInfo.tag == -1 && tagInfo.uid == -1) return;
+            final int errno = native_tagSocketFd(fd, tagInfo.tag, tagInfo.uid);
+            if (errno < 0) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "tagSocketFd(" + fd.getInt$() + ", "
+                        + tagInfo.tag + ", "
+                        + tagInfo.uid + ") failed with errno" + errno);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void untag(FileDescriptor fd) throws SocketException {
+            if (LOGD) {
+                Log.i(TAG, "untagSocket(" + fd.getInt$() + ")");
+            }
+
+            final UidTag tagInfo = sThreadUidTag.get();
+            if (tagInfo.tag == -1 && tagInfo.uid == -1) return;
+
+            final int errno = native_untagSocketFd(fd);
+            if (errno < 0) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "untagSocket(" + fd.getInt$() + ") failed with errno " + errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static native int native_tagSocketFd(FileDescriptor fd, int tag, int uid);
+    private static native int native_untagSocketFd(FileDescriptor fd);
+
+    private static class UidTag {
+        public int tag = -1;
+        public int uid = -1;
+    }
+
+    private static ThreadLocal<UidTag> sThreadUidTag = new ThreadLocal<UidTag>() {
+        @Override
+        protected UidTag initialValue() {
+            return new UidTag();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. Only one active tag per thread is supported.
+     * <p>
+     * Changes only take effect during subsequent calls to
+     * {@link #tagSocket(Socket)}.
+     * <p>
+     * Tags between {@code 0xFFFFFF00} and {@code 0xFFFFFFFF} are reserved and
+     * used internally by system services like {@link DownloadManager} when
+     * performing traffic on behalf of an application.
+     *
+     * @see #clearThreadStatsTag()
+     */
+    public static void setThreadStatsTag(int tag) {
+        getAndSetThreadStatsTag(tag);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. Only one active tag per thread is supported.
+     * <p>
+     * Changes only take effect during subsequent calls to
+     * {@link #tagSocket(Socket)}.
+     * <p>
+     * Tags between {@code 0xFFFFFF00} and {@code 0xFFFFFFFF} are reserved and
+     * used internally by system services like {@link DownloadManager} when
+     * performing traffic on behalf of an application.
+     *
+     * @return the current tag for the calling thread, which can be used to
+     *         restore any existing values after a nested operation is finished
+     */
+    public static int getAndSetThreadStatsTag(int tag) {
+        final int old = sThreadUidTag.get().tag;
+        sThreadUidTag.get().tag = tag;
+        return old;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. The tag used internally is well-defined to
+     * distinguish all backup-related traffic.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static void setThreadStatsTagBackup() {
+        setThreadStatsTag(TAG_SYSTEM_BACKUP);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. The tag used internally is well-defined to
+     * distinguish all restore-related traffic.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static void setThreadStatsTagRestore() {
+        setThreadStatsTag(TAG_SYSTEM_RESTORE);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. The tag used internally is well-defined to
+     * distinguish all code (typically APKs) downloaded by an app store on
+     * behalf of the app, such as updates.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    public static void setThreadStatsTagApp() {
+        setThreadStatsTag(TAG_SYSTEM_APP);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set active tag to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. The tag used internally is well-defined to
+     * distinguish all download provider traffic.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static void setThreadStatsTagDownload() {
+        setThreadStatsTag(TAG_SYSTEM_DOWNLOAD);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the active tag used when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. Only one active tag per thread is supported.
+     * {@link #tagSocket(Socket)}.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsTag(int)
+     */
+    public static int getThreadStatsTag() {
+        return sThreadUidTag.get().tag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear any active tag set to account {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsTag(int)
+     */
+    public static void clearThreadStatsTag() {
+        sThreadUidTag.get().tag = -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set specific UID to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic
+     * originating from the current thread. Designed for use when performing an
+     * operation on behalf of another application, or when another application
+     * is performing operations on your behalf.
+     * <p>
+     * Any app can <em>accept</em> blame for traffic performed on a socket
+     * originally created by another app by calling this method with the
+     * {@link android.system.Os#getuid()} value. However, only apps holding the
+     * {@code android.Manifest.permission#UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS} permission may
+     * <em>assign</em> blame to another UIDs.
+     * <p>
+     * Changes only take effect during subsequent calls to
+     * {@link #tagSocket(Socket)}.
+     */
+    @SuppressLint("RequiresPermission")
+    public static void setThreadStatsUid(int uid) {
+        sThreadUidTag.get().uid = uid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the active UID used when accounting {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread. Only one active tag per thread is supported.
+     * {@link #tagSocket(Socket)}.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsUid(int)
+     */
+    public static int getThreadStatsUid() {
+        return sThreadUidTag.get().uid;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set specific UID to use when accounting {@link Socket} traffic
+     * originating from the current thread as the calling UID. Designed for use
+     * when another application is performing operations on your behalf.
+     * <p>
+     * Changes only take effect during subsequent calls to
+     * {@link #tagSocket(Socket)}.
+     *
+     * @removed
+     * @deprecated use {@link #setThreadStatsUid(int)} instead.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static void setThreadStatsUidSelf() {
+        setThreadStatsUid(android.os.Process.myUid());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clear any active UID set to account {@link Socket} traffic originating
+     * from the current thread.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsUid(int)
+     */
+    @SuppressLint("RequiresPermission")
+    public static void clearThreadStatsUid() {
+        setThreadStatsUid(-1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tag the given {@link Socket} with any statistics parameters active for
+     * the current thread. Subsequent calls always replace any existing
+     * parameters. When finished, call {@link #untagSocket(Socket)} to remove
+     * statistics parameters.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsTag(int)
+     */
+    public static void tagSocket(@NonNull Socket socket) throws SocketException {
+        SocketTagger.get().tag(socket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any statistics parameters from the given {@link Socket}.
+     * <p>
+     * In Android 8.1 (API level 27) and lower, a socket is automatically
+     * untagged when it's sent to another process using binder IPC with a
+     * {@code ParcelFileDescriptor} container. In Android 9.0 (API level 28)
+     * and higher, the socket tag is kept when the socket is sent to another
+     * process using binder IPC. You can mimic the previous behavior by
+     * calling {@code untagSocket()} before sending the socket to another
+     * process.
+     */
+    public static void untagSocket(@NonNull Socket socket) throws SocketException {
+        SocketTagger.get().untag(socket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tag the given {@link DatagramSocket} with any statistics parameters
+     * active for the current thread. Subsequent calls always replace any
+     * existing parameters. When finished, call
+     * {@link #untagDatagramSocket(DatagramSocket)} to remove statistics
+     * parameters.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsTag(int)
+     */
+    public static void tagDatagramSocket(@NonNull DatagramSocket socket) throws SocketException {
+        SocketTagger.get().tag(socket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any statistics parameters from the given {@link DatagramSocket}.
+     */
+    public static void untagDatagramSocket(@NonNull DatagramSocket socket) throws SocketException {
+        SocketTagger.get().untag(socket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tag the given {@link FileDescriptor} socket with any statistics
+     * parameters active for the current thread. Subsequent calls always replace
+     * any existing parameters. When finished, call
+     * {@link #untagFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor)} to remove statistics
+     * parameters.
+     *
+     * @see #setThreadStatsTag(int)
+     */
+    public static void tagFileDescriptor(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd) throws IOException {
+        SocketTagger.get().tag(fd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove any statistics parameters from the given {@link FileDescriptor}
+     * socket.
+     */
+    public static void untagFileDescriptor(@NonNull FileDescriptor fd) throws IOException {
+        SocketTagger.get().untag(fd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start profiling data usage for current UID. Only one profiling session
+     * can be active at a time.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static void startDataProfiling(Context context) {
+        synchronized (sProfilingLock) {
+            if (sActiveProfilingStart != null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("already profiling data");
+            }
+
+            // take snapshot in time; we calculate delta later
+            sActiveProfilingStart = getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(context);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop profiling data usage for current UID.
+     *
+     * @return Detailed {@link NetworkStats} of data that occurred since last
+     *         {@link #startDataProfiling(Context)} call.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static NetworkStats stopDataProfiling(Context context) {
+        synchronized (sProfilingLock) {
+            if (sActiveProfilingStart == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("not profiling data");
+            }
+
+            // subtract starting values and return delta
+            final NetworkStats profilingStop = getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(context);
+            final NetworkStats profilingDelta = NetworkStats.subtract(
+                    profilingStop, sActiveProfilingStart, null, null);
+            sActiveProfilingStart = null;
+            return profilingDelta;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Increment count of network operations performed under the accounting tag
+     * currently active on the calling thread. This can be used to derive
+     * bytes-per-operation.
+     *
+     * @param operationCount Number of operations to increment count by.
+     */
+    public static void incrementOperationCount(int operationCount) {
+        final int tag = getThreadStatsTag();
+        incrementOperationCount(tag, operationCount);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Increment count of network operations performed under the given
+     * accounting tag. This can be used to derive bytes-per-operation.
+     *
+     * @param tag Accounting tag used in {@link #setThreadStatsTag(int)}.
+     * @param operationCount Number of operations to increment count by.
+     */
+    public static void incrementOperationCount(int tag, int operationCount) {
+        final int uid = android.os.Process.myUid();
+        try {
+            getStatsService().incrementOperationCount(uid, tag, operationCount);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static void closeQuietly(INetworkStatsSession session) {
+        // TODO: move to NetworkStatsService once it exists
+        if (session != null) {
+            try {
+                session.close();
+            } catch (RuntimeException rethrown) {
+                throw rethrown;
+            } catch (Exception ignored) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static long addIfSupported(long stat) {
+        return (stat == UNSUPPORTED) ? 0 : stat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of packets transmitted across mobile networks since device
+     * boot. Counts packets across all mobile network interfaces, and always
+     * increases monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the
+     * network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getMobileTxPackets() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
+            total += addIfSupported(getTxPackets(iface));
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of packets received across mobile networks since device
+     * boot. Counts packets across all mobile network interfaces, and always
+     * increases monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the
+     * network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getMobileRxPackets() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
+            total += addIfSupported(getRxPackets(iface));
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of bytes transmitted across mobile networks since device
+     * boot. Counts packets across all mobile network interfaces, and always
+     * increases monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the
+     * network layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getMobileTxBytes() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
+            total += addIfSupported(getTxBytes(iface));
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of bytes received across mobile networks since device boot.
+     * Counts packets across all mobile network interfaces, and always increases
+     * monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the network
+     * layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getMobileRxBytes() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
+            total += addIfSupported(getRxBytes(iface));
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static long getMobileTcpRxPackets() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
+            long stat = UNSUPPORTED;
+            try {
+                stat = getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_TCP_RX_PACKETS);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+            total += addIfSupported(stat);
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
+    public static long getMobileTcpTxPackets() {
+        long total = 0;
+        for (String iface : getMobileIfaces()) {
+            long stat = UNSUPPORTED;
+            try {
+                stat = getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_TCP_TX_PACKETS);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+            total += addIfSupported(stat);
+        }
+        return total;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of packets transmitted on the specified interface since the interface
+     * was created. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so both TCP and
+     * UDP usage are included.
+     *
+     * Note that the returned values are partial statistics that do not count data from several
+     * sources and do not apply several adjustments that are necessary for correctness, such
+     * as adjusting for VPN apps, IPv6-in-IPv4 translation, etc. These values can be used to
+     * determine whether traffic is being transferred on the specific interface but are not a
+     * substitute for the more accurate statistics provided by the {@link NetworkStatsManager}
+     * APIs.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the interface.
+     * @return The number of transmitted packets.
+     */
+    public static long getTxPackets(@NonNull String iface) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_TX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of packets received on the specified interface since the interface was
+     * created. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so both TCP
+     * and UDP usage are included.
+     *
+     * Note that the returned values are partial statistics that do not count data from several
+     * sources and do not apply several adjustments that are necessary for correctness, such
+     * as adjusting for VPN apps, IPv6-in-IPv4 translation, etc. These values can be used to
+     * determine whether traffic is being transferred on the specific interface but are not a
+     * substitute for the more accurate statistics provided by the {@link NetworkStatsManager}
+     * APIs.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the interface.
+     * @return The number of received packets.
+     */
+    public static long getRxPackets(@NonNull String iface) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_RX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of bytes transmitted on the specified interface since the interface
+     * was created. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so both TCP and
+     * UDP usage are included.
+     *
+     * Note that the returned values are partial statistics that do not count data from several
+     * sources and do not apply several adjustments that are necessary for correctness, such
+     * as adjusting for VPN apps, IPv6-in-IPv4 translation, etc. These values can be used to
+     * determine whether traffic is being transferred on the specific interface but are not a
+     * substitute for the more accurate statistics provided by the {@link NetworkStatsManager}
+     * APIs.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the interface.
+     * @return The number of transmitted bytes.
+     */
+    public static long getTxBytes(@NonNull String iface) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_TX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the number of bytes received on the specified interface since the interface
+     * was created. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so both TCP
+     * and UDP usage are included.
+     *
+     * Note that the returned values are partial statistics that do not count data from several
+     * sources and do not apply several adjustments that are necessary for correctness, such
+     * as adjusting for VPN apps, IPv6-in-IPv4 translation, etc. These values can be used to
+     * determine whether traffic is being transferred on the specific interface but are not a
+     * substitute for the more accurate statistics provided by the {@link NetworkStatsManager}
+     * APIs.
+     *
+     * @param iface The name of the interface.
+     * @return The number of received bytes.
+     */
+    public static long getRxBytes(@NonNull String iface) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface, TYPE_RX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @TestApi
+    public static long getLoopbackTxPackets() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(LOOPBACK_IFACE, TYPE_TX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @TestApi
+    public static long getLoopbackRxPackets() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(LOOPBACK_IFACE, TYPE_RX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @TestApi
+    public static long getLoopbackTxBytes() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(LOOPBACK_IFACE, TYPE_TX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** {@hide} */
+    @TestApi
+    public static long getLoopbackRxBytes() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getIfaceStats(LOOPBACK_IFACE, TYPE_RX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of packets transmitted since device boot. Counts packets
+     * across all network interfaces, and always increases monotonically since
+     * device boot. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so they
+     * include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getTotalTxPackets() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getTotalStats(TYPE_TX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of packets received since device boot. Counts packets
+     * across all network interfaces, and always increases monotonically since
+     * device boot. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so they
+     * include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getTotalRxPackets() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getTotalStats(TYPE_RX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of bytes transmitted since device boot. Counts packets
+     * across all network interfaces, and always increases monotonically since
+     * device boot. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so they
+     * include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getTotalTxBytes() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getTotalStats(TYPE_TX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of bytes received since device boot. Counts packets across
+     * all network interfaces, and always increases monotonically since device
+     * boot. Statistics are measured at the network layer, so they include both
+     * TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     */
+    public static long getTotalRxBytes() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getTotalStats(TYPE_RX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of bytes transmitted by the given UID since device boot.
+     * Counts packets across all network interfaces, and always increases
+     * monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the network
+     * layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may
+     * return {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     * <p>
+     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N} this will only
+     * report traffic statistics for the calling UID. It will return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} for all other UIDs for privacy reasons. To access
+     * historical network statistics belonging to other UIDs, use
+     * {@link NetworkStatsManager}.
+     *
+     * @see android.os.Process#myUid()
+     * @see android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#uid
+     */
+    public static long getUidTxBytes(int uid) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getUidStats(uid, TYPE_TX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of bytes received by the given UID since device boot.
+     * Counts packets across all network interfaces, and always increases
+     * monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the network
+     * layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     * <p>
+     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N} this will only
+     * report traffic statistics for the calling UID. It will return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} for all other UIDs for privacy reasons. To access
+     * historical network statistics belonging to other UIDs, use
+     * {@link NetworkStatsManager}.
+     *
+     * @see android.os.Process#myUid()
+     * @see android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#uid
+     */
+    public static long getUidRxBytes(int uid) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getUidStats(uid, TYPE_RX_BYTES);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of packets transmitted by the given UID since device boot.
+     * Counts packets across all network interfaces, and always increases
+     * monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the network
+     * layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     * <p>
+     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N} this will only
+     * report traffic statistics for the calling UID. It will return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} for all other UIDs for privacy reasons. To access
+     * historical network statistics belonging to other UIDs, use
+     * {@link NetworkStatsManager}.
+     *
+     * @see android.os.Process#myUid()
+     * @see android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#uid
+     */
+    public static long getUidTxPackets(int uid) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getUidStats(uid, TYPE_TX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return number of packets received by the given UID since device boot.
+     * Counts packets across all network interfaces, and always increases
+     * monotonically since device boot. Statistics are measured at the network
+     * layer, so they include both TCP and UDP usage.
+     * <p>
+     * Before {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2}, this may return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} on devices where statistics aren't available.
+     * <p>
+     * Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#N} this will only
+     * report traffic statistics for the calling UID. It will return
+     * {@link #UNSUPPORTED} for all other UIDs for privacy reasons. To access
+     * historical network statistics belonging to other UIDs, use
+     * {@link NetworkStatsManager}.
+     *
+     * @see android.os.Process#myUid()
+     * @see android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo#uid
+     */
+    public static long getUidRxPackets(int uid) {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getUidStats(uid, TYPE_RX_PACKETS);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidTxBytes(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidTcpTxBytes(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidRxBytes(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidTcpRxBytes(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidTxBytes(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidUdpTxBytes(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidRxBytes(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidUdpRxBytes(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidTxPackets(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidTcpTxSegments(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidRxPackets(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidTcpRxSegments(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidTxPackets(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidUdpTxPackets(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated Starting in {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#JELLY_BEAN_MR2},
+     *             transport layer statistics are no longer available, and will
+     *             always return {@link #UNSUPPORTED}.
+     * @see #getUidRxPackets(int)
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static long getUidUdpRxPackets(int uid) {
+        return UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return detailed {@link NetworkStats} for the current UID. Requires no
+     * special permission.
+     */
+    private static NetworkStats getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(Context context) {
+        // TODO: take snapshot locally, since proc file is now visible
+        final int uid = android.os.Process.myUid();
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(uid);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return set of any ifaces associated with mobile networks since boot.
+     * Interfaces are never removed from this list, so counters should always be
+     * monotonic.
+     */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
+    private static String[] getMobileIfaces() {
+        try {
+            return getStatsService().getMobileIfaces();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: keep these in sync with {@code com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp}.
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int TYPE_RX_BYTES = 0;
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int TYPE_RX_PACKETS = 1;
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int TYPE_TX_BYTES = 2;
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int TYPE_TX_PACKETS = 3;
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int TYPE_TCP_RX_PACKETS = 4;
+    /** {@hide} */
+    public static final int TYPE_TCP_TX_PACKETS = 5;
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a56f2f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ab53b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/UnderlyingNetworkInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A lightweight container used to carry information on the networks that underly a given
+ * virtual network.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+public final class UnderlyingNetworkInfo implements Parcelable {
+    /** The owner of this network. */
+    private final int mOwnerUid;
+
+    /** The interface name of this network. */
+    @NonNull
+    private final String mIface;
+
+    /** The names of the interfaces underlying this network. */
+    @NonNull
+    private final List<String> mUnderlyingIfaces;
+
+    public UnderlyingNetworkInfo(int ownerUid, @NonNull String iface,
+            @NonNull List<String> underlyingIfaces) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(underlyingIfaces);
+        mOwnerUid = ownerUid;
+        mIface = iface;
+        mUnderlyingIfaces = Collections.unmodifiableList(new ArrayList<>(underlyingIfaces));
+    }
+
+    private UnderlyingNetworkInfo(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+        mOwnerUid = in.readInt();
+        mIface = in.readString();
+        List<String> underlyingIfaces = new ArrayList<>();
+        in.readList(underlyingIfaces, null /*classLoader*/, java.lang.String.class);
+        mUnderlyingIfaces = Collections.unmodifiableList(underlyingIfaces);
+    }
+
+    /** Get the owner of this network. */
+    public int getOwnerUid() {
+        return mOwnerUid;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the interface name of this network. */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getInterface() {
+        return mIface;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the names of the interfaces underlying this network. */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<String> getUnderlyingInterfaces() {
+        return mUnderlyingIfaces;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "UnderlyingNetworkInfo{"
+                + "ownerUid=" + mOwnerUid
+                + ", iface='" + mIface + '\''
+                + ", underlyingIfaces='" + mUnderlyingIfaces.toString() + '\''
+                + '}';
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeInt(mOwnerUid);
+        dest.writeString(mIface);
+        dest.writeList(mUnderlyingIfaces);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public static final Parcelable.Creator<UnderlyingNetworkInfo> CREATOR =
+            new Parcelable.Creator<UnderlyingNetworkInfo>() {
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public UnderlyingNetworkInfo createFromParcel(@NonNull Parcel in) {
+            return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo(in);
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        @Override
+        public UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+            return new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[size];
+        }
+    };
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+        if (this == o) return true;
+        if (!(o instanceof UnderlyingNetworkInfo)) return false;
+        final UnderlyingNetworkInfo that = (UnderlyingNetworkInfo) o;
+        return mOwnerUid == that.getOwnerUid()
+                && Objects.equals(mIface, that.getInterface())
+                && Objects.equals(mUnderlyingIfaces, that.getUnderlyingInterfaces());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mOwnerUid, mIface, mUnderlyingIfaces);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/ReflectionException.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/IUsageCallback.aidl
similarity index 64%
rename from nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/ReflectionException.java
rename to framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/IUsageCallback.aidl
index 959fd11..4e8a5b2 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/ReflectionException.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/IUsageCallback.aidl
@@ -14,14 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils;
+package android.net.netstats;
+
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
 
 /**
- * An exception thrown during a reflection operation. Like ReflectiveOperationException, except
- * compatible on older API versions.
+ * Interface for NetworkStatsService to notify events to the callers of registerUsageCallback.
+ *
+ * @hide
  */
-public final class ReflectionException extends Exception {
-    public ReflectionException(Throwable cause) {
-        super(cause.getMessage(), cause);
-    }
+oneway interface IUsageCallback {
+    void onThresholdReached(in DataUsageRequest request);
+    void onCallbackReleased(in DataUsageRequest request);
 }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/INetworkStatsProvider.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/INetworkStatsProvider.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74c3ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/INetworkStatsProvider.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats.provider;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for NetworkStatsService to query network statistics and set data limits.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INetworkStatsProvider {
+    void onRequestStatsUpdate(int token);
+    void onSetAlert(long quotaBytes);
+    void onSetWarningAndLimit(String iface, long warningBytes, long limitBytes);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/INetworkStatsProviderCallback.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/INetworkStatsProviderCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01ff02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/INetworkStatsProviderCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats.provider;
+
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for implementor of {@link INetworkStatsProviderCallback} to push events
+ * such as network statistics update or notify limit reached.
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INetworkStatsProviderCallback {
+    void notifyStatsUpdated(int token, in NetworkStats ifaceStats, in NetworkStats uidStats);
+    void notifyAlertReached();
+    void notifyWarningReached();
+    void notifyLimitReached();
+    void unregister();
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/NetworkStatsProvider.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/NetworkStatsProvider.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d37a53d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/netstats/provider/NetworkStatsProvider.java
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.netstats.provider;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+
+/**
+ * A base class that allows external modules to implement a custom network statistics provider.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@SystemApi
+public abstract class NetworkStatsProvider {
+    /**
+     * A value used by {@link #onSetLimit}, {@link #onSetAlert} and {@link #onSetWarningAndLimit}
+     * indicates there is no limit.
+     */
+    public static final int QUOTA_UNLIMITED = -1;
+
+    @NonNull private final INetworkStatsProvider mProviderBinder =
+            new INetworkStatsProvider.Stub() {
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRequestStatsUpdate(int token) {
+            NetworkStatsProvider.this.onRequestStatsUpdate(token);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetAlert(long quotaBytes) {
+            NetworkStatsProvider.this.onSetAlert(quotaBytes);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onSetWarningAndLimit(String iface, long warningBytes, long limitBytes) {
+            NetworkStatsProvider.this.onSetWarningAndLimit(iface, warningBytes, limitBytes);
+        }
+    };
+
+    // The binder given by the service when successfully registering. Only null before registering,
+    // never null once non-null.
+    @Nullable
+    private INetworkStatsProviderCallback mProviderCbBinder;
+
+    /**
+     * Return the binder invoked by the service and redirect function calls to the overridden
+     * methods.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public INetworkStatsProvider getProviderBinder() {
+        return mProviderBinder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Store the binder that was returned by the service when successfully registering. Note that
+     * the provider cannot be re-registered. Hence this method can only be called once per provider.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setProviderCallbackBinder(@NonNull INetworkStatsProviderCallback binder) {
+        if (mProviderCbBinder != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("provider is already registered");
+        }
+        mProviderCbBinder = binder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the binder that was returned by the service when successfully registering. Or null if the
+     * provider was never registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public INetworkStatsProviderCallback getProviderCallbackBinder() {
+        return mProviderCbBinder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the binder that was returned by the service when successfully registering. Throw an
+     * {@link IllegalStateException} if the provider is not registered.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public INetworkStatsProviderCallback getProviderCallbackBinderOrThrow() {
+        if (mProviderCbBinder == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("the provider is not registered");
+        }
+        return mProviderCbBinder;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify the system of new network statistics.
+     *
+     * Send the network statistics recorded since the last call to {@link #notifyStatsUpdated}. Must
+     * be called as soon as possible after {@link NetworkStatsProvider#onRequestStatsUpdate(int)}
+     * being called. Responding later increases the probability stats will be dropped. The
+     * provider can also call this whenever it wants to reports new stats for any reason.
+     * Note that the system will not necessarily immediately propagate the statistics to
+     * reflect the update.
+     *
+     * @param token the token under which these stats were gathered. Providers can call this method
+     *              with the current token as often as they want, until the token changes.
+     *              {@see NetworkStatsProvider#onRequestStatsUpdate()}
+     * @param ifaceStats the {@link NetworkStats} per interface to be reported.
+     *                   The provider should not include any traffic that is already counted by
+     *                   kernel interface counters.
+     * @param uidStats the same stats as above, but counts {@link NetworkStats}
+     *                 per uid.
+     */
+    public void notifyStatsUpdated(int token, @NonNull NetworkStats ifaceStats,
+            @NonNull NetworkStats uidStats) {
+        try {
+            getProviderCallbackBinderOrThrow().notifyStatsUpdated(token, ifaceStats, uidStats);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify system that the quota set by {@code onSetAlert} has been reached.
+     */
+    public void notifyAlertReached() {
+        try {
+            getProviderCallbackBinderOrThrow().notifyAlertReached();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify system that the warning set by {@link #onSetWarningAndLimit} has been reached.
+     */
+    public void notifyWarningReached() {
+        try {
+            // Reuse the code path to notify warning reached with limit reached
+            // since framework handles them in the same way.
+            getProviderCallbackBinderOrThrow().notifyWarningReached();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify system that the limit set by {@link #onSetLimit} or limit set by
+     * {@link #onSetWarningAndLimit} has been reached.
+     */
+    public void notifyLimitReached() {
+        try {
+            getProviderCallbackBinderOrThrow().notifyLimitReached();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowAsRuntimeException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by {@code NetworkStatsService} when it requires to know updated stats.
+     * The provider MUST respond by calling {@link #notifyStatsUpdated} as soon as possible.
+     * Responding later increases the probability stats will be dropped. Memory allowing, the
+     * system will try to take stats into account up to one minute after calling
+     * {@link #onRequestStatsUpdate}.
+     *
+     * @param token a positive number identifying the new state of the system under which
+     *              {@link NetworkStats} have to be gathered from now on. When this is called,
+     *              custom implementations of providers MUST tally and report the latest stats with
+     *              the previous token, under which stats were being gathered so far.
+     */
+    public abstract void onRequestStatsUpdate(int token);
+
+    /**
+     * Called by {@code NetworkStatsService} when setting the interface quota for the specified
+     * upstream interface. When this is called, the custom implementation should block all egress
+     * packets on the {@code iface} associated with the provider when {@code quotaBytes} bytes have
+     * been reached, and MUST respond to it by calling
+     * {@link NetworkStatsProvider#notifyLimitReached()}.
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface requiring the operation.
+     * @param quotaBytes the quota defined as the number of bytes, starting from zero and counting
+     *                   from now. A value of {@link #QUOTA_UNLIMITED} indicates there is no limit.
+     */
+    public abstract void onSetLimit(@NonNull String iface, long quotaBytes);
+
+    /**
+     * Called by {@code NetworkStatsService} when setting the interface quotas for the specified
+     * upstream interface. If a provider implements {@link #onSetWarningAndLimit}, the system
+     * will not call {@link #onSetLimit}. When this method is called, the implementation
+     * should behave as follows:
+     *   1. If {@code warningBytes} is reached on {@code iface}, block all further traffic on
+     *      {@code iface} and call {@link NetworkStatsProvider@notifyWarningReached()}.
+     *   2. If {@code limitBytes} is reached on {@code iface}, block all further traffic on
+     *   {@code iface} and call {@link NetworkStatsProvider#notifyLimitReached()}.
+     *
+     * @param iface the interface requiring the operation.
+     * @param warningBytes the warning defined as the number of bytes, starting from zero and
+     *                     counting from now. A value of {@link #QUOTA_UNLIMITED} indicates
+     *                     there is no warning.
+     * @param limitBytes the limit defined as the number of bytes, starting from zero and counting
+     *                   from now. A value of {@link #QUOTA_UNLIMITED} indicates there is no limit.
+     */
+    public void onSetWarningAndLimit(@NonNull String iface, long warningBytes, long limitBytes) {
+        // Backward compatibility for those who didn't override this function.
+        onSetLimit(iface, limitBytes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called by {@code NetworkStatsService} when setting the alert bytes. Custom implementations
+     * MUST call {@link NetworkStatsProvider#notifyAlertReached()} when {@code quotaBytes} bytes
+     * have been reached. Unlike {@link #onSetLimit(String, long)}, the custom implementation should
+     * not block all egress packets.
+     *
+     * @param quotaBytes the quota defined as the number of bytes, starting from zero and counting
+     *                   from now. A value of {@link #QUOTA_UNLIMITED} indicates there is no alert.
+     */
+    public abstract void onSetAlert(long quotaBytes);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManager.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManager.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e9cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManager.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+
+/**
+ * Interface that NsdService implements to connect NsdManager clients.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+interface INsdManager {
+    INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback cb);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a262ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdManagerCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+
+/**
+ * Callbacks from NsdService to NsdManager
+ * @hide
+ */
+oneway interface INsdManagerCallback {
+    void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
+    void onDiscoverServicesFailed(int listenerKey, int error);
+    void onServiceFound(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
+    void onServiceLost(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
+    void onStopDiscoveryFailed(int listenerKey, int error);
+    void onStopDiscoverySucceeded(int listenerKey);
+    void onRegisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error);
+    void onRegisterServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
+    void onUnregisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error);
+    void onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey);
+    void onResolveServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error);
+    void onResolveServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo info);
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b06ae55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/INsdServiceConnector.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+
+/**
+ * Interface that NsdService implements for each NsdManager client.
+ *
+ * {@hide}
+ */
+interface INsdServiceConnector {
+    void registerService(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void unregisterService(int listenerKey);
+    void discoverServices(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void stopDiscovery(int listenerKey);
+    void resolveService(int listenerKey, in NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    void startDaemon();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..209f372
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdManager.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1083 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SdkConstant;
+import android.annotation.SdkConstant.SdkConstantType;
+import android.annotation.SystemService;
+import android.app.compat.CompatChanges;
+import android.compat.annotation.ChangeId;
+import android.compat.annotation.EnabledSince;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * The Network Service Discovery Manager class provides the API to discover services
+ * on a network. As an example, if device A and device B are connected over a Wi-Fi
+ * network, a game registered on device A can be discovered by a game on device
+ * B. Another example use case is an application discovering printers on the network.
+ *
+ * <p> The API currently supports DNS based service discovery and discovery is currently
+ * limited to a local network over Multicast DNS. DNS service discovery is described at
+ * http://files.dns-sd.org/draft-cheshire-dnsext-dns-sd.txt
+ *
+ * <p> The API is asynchronous, and responses to requests from an application are on listener
+ * callbacks on a separate internal thread.
+ *
+ * <p> There are three main operations the API supports - registration, discovery and resolution.
+ * <pre>
+ *                          Application start
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 |                  onServiceRegistered()
+ *                     Register any local services  /
+ *                      to be advertised with       \
+ *                       registerService()            onRegistrationFailed()
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 |
+ *                          discoverServices()
+ *                                 |
+ *                      Maintain a list to track
+ *                        discovered services
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 |--------->
+ *                                 |          |
+ *                                 |      onServiceFound()
+ *                                 |          |
+ *                                 |     add service to list
+ *                                 |          |
+ *                                 |<----------
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 |--------->
+ *                                 |          |
+ *                                 |      onServiceLost()
+ *                                 |          |
+ *                                 |   remove service from list
+ *                                 |          |
+ *                                 |<----------
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 |
+ *                                 | Connect to a service
+ *                                 | from list ?
+ *                                 |
+ *                          resolveService()
+ *                                 |
+ *                         onServiceResolved()
+ *                                 |
+ *                     Establish connection to service
+ *                     with the host and port information
+ *
+ * </pre>
+ * An application that needs to advertise itself over a network for other applications to
+ * discover it can do so with a call to {@link #registerService}. If Example is a http based
+ * application that can provide HTML data to peer services, it can register a name "Example"
+ * with service type "_http._tcp". A successful registration is notified with a callback to
+ * {@link RegistrationListener#onServiceRegistered} and a failure to register is notified
+ * over {@link RegistrationListener#onRegistrationFailed}
+ *
+ * <p> A peer application looking for http services can initiate a discovery for "_http._tcp"
+ * with a call to {@link #discoverServices}. A service found is notified with a callback
+ * to {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceFound} and a service lost is notified on
+ * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceLost}.
+ *
+ * <p> Once the peer application discovers the "Example" http service, and either needs to read the
+ * attributes of the service or wants to receive data from the "Example" application, it can
+ * initiate a resolve with {@link #resolveService} to resolve the attributes, host, and port
+ * details. A successful resolve is notified on {@link ResolveListener#onServiceResolved} and a
+ * failure is notified on {@link ResolveListener#onResolveFailed}.
+ *
+ * Applications can reserve for a service type at
+ * http://www.iana.org/form/ports-service. Existing services can be found at
+ * http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml
+ *
+ * {@see NsdServiceInfo}
+ */
+@SystemService(Context.NSD_SERVICE)
+public final class NsdManager {
+    private static final String TAG = NsdManager.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    /**
+     * When enabled, apps targeting < Android 12 are considered legacy for
+     * the NSD native daemon.
+     * The platform will only keep the daemon running as long as there are
+     * any legacy apps connected.
+     *
+     * After Android 12, directly communicate with native daemon might not
+     * work since the native damon won't always stay alive.
+     * Use the NSD APIs from NsdManager as the replacement is recommended.
+     * An another alternative could be bundling your own mdns solutions instead of
+     * depending on the system mdns native daemon.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @ChangeId
+    @EnabledSince(targetSdkVersion = android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S)
+    public static final long RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS = 191844585L;
+
+    /**
+     * Broadcast intent action to indicate whether network service discovery is
+     * enabled or disabled. An extra {@link #EXTRA_NSD_STATE} provides the state
+     * information as int.
+     *
+     * @see #EXTRA_NSD_STATE
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
+    public static final String ACTION_NSD_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.nsd.STATE_CHANGED";
+
+    /**
+     * The lookup key for an int that indicates whether network service discovery is enabled
+     * or disabled. Retrieve it with {@link android.content.Intent#getIntExtra(String,int)}.
+     *
+     * @see #NSD_STATE_DISABLED
+     * @see #NSD_STATE_ENABLED
+     */
+    public static final String EXTRA_NSD_STATE = "nsd_state";
+
+    /**
+     * Network service discovery is disabled
+     *
+     * @see #ACTION_NSD_STATE_CHANGED
+     */
+    public static final int NSD_STATE_DISABLED = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Network service discovery is enabled
+     *
+     * @see #ACTION_NSD_STATE_CHANGED
+     */
+    public static final int NSD_STATE_ENABLED = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DISCOVER_SERVICES                       = 1;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED               = 2;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED                = 3;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int SERVICE_FOUND                           = 4;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int SERVICE_LOST                            = 5;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int STOP_DISCOVERY                          = 6;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int STOP_DISCOVERY_FAILED                   = 7;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED                = 8;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int REGISTER_SERVICE                        = 9;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED                 = 10;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int REGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED              = 11;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int UNREGISTER_SERVICE                      = 12;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int UNREGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED               = 13;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED            = 14;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int RESOLVE_SERVICE                         = 15;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int RESOLVE_SERVICE_FAILED                  = 16;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED               = 17;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DAEMON_CLEANUP                          = 18;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DAEMON_STARTUP                          = 19;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int ENABLE                                  = 20;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DISABLE                                 = 21;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT                     = 22;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int REGISTER_CLIENT                         = 23;
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int UNREGISTER_CLIENT                       = 24;
+
+    /** Dns based service discovery protocol */
+    public static final int PROTOCOL_DNS_SD = 0x0001;
+
+    private static final SparseArray<String> EVENT_NAMES = new SparseArray<>();
+    static {
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(DISCOVER_SERVICES, "DISCOVER_SERVICES");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED, "DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED, "DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(SERVICE_FOUND, "SERVICE_FOUND");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(SERVICE_LOST, "SERVICE_LOST");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(STOP_DISCOVERY, "STOP_DISCOVERY");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(STOP_DISCOVERY_FAILED, "STOP_DISCOVERY_FAILED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED, "STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(REGISTER_SERVICE, "REGISTER_SERVICE");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED, "REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(REGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, "REGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(UNREGISTER_SERVICE, "UNREGISTER_SERVICE");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(UNREGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED, "UNREGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, "UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(RESOLVE_SERVICE, "RESOLVE_SERVICE");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(RESOLVE_SERVICE_FAILED, "RESOLVE_SERVICE_FAILED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, "RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(DAEMON_CLEANUP, "DAEMON_CLEANUP");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(DAEMON_STARTUP, "DAEMON_STARTUP");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(ENABLE, "ENABLE");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(DISABLE, "DISABLE");
+        EVENT_NAMES.put(NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT, "NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT");
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static String nameOf(int event) {
+        String name = EVENT_NAMES.get(event);
+        if (name == null) {
+            return Integer.toString(event);
+        }
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    private static final int FIRST_LISTENER_KEY = 1;
+
+    private final INsdServiceConnector mService;
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    private int mListenerKey = FIRST_LISTENER_KEY;
+    @GuardedBy("mMapLock")
+    private final SparseArray mListenerMap = new SparseArray();
+    @GuardedBy("mMapLock")
+    private final SparseArray<NsdServiceInfo> mServiceMap = new SparseArray<>();
+    @GuardedBy("mMapLock")
+    private final SparseArray<Executor> mExecutorMap = new SparseArray<>();
+    private final Object mMapLock = new Object();
+    // Map of listener key sent by client -> per-network discovery tracker
+    @GuardedBy("mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap")
+    private final ArrayMap<Integer, PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker>
+            mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    private final ServiceHandler mHandler;
+
+    private class PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker {
+        final String mServiceType;
+        final int mProtocolType;
+        final DiscoveryListener mBaseListener;
+        final Executor mBaseExecutor;
+        final ArrayMap<Network, DelegatingDiscoveryListener> mPerNetworkListeners =
+                new ArrayMap<>();
+
+        final NetworkCallback mNetworkCb = new NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {
+                final DelegatingDiscoveryListener wrappedListener = new DelegatingDiscoveryListener(
+                        network, mBaseListener);
+                mPerNetworkListeners.put(network, wrappedListener);
+                discoverServices(mServiceType, mProtocolType, network, mBaseExecutor,
+                        wrappedListener);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {
+                final DelegatingDiscoveryListener listener = mPerNetworkListeners.get(network);
+                if (listener == null) return;
+                listener.notifyAllServicesLost();
+                // Listener will be removed from map in discovery stopped callback
+                stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Accessed from mHandler
+        private boolean mStopRequested;
+
+        public void start(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+            cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, mNetworkCb, mHandler);
+            mHandler.post(() -> mBaseListener.onDiscoveryStarted(mServiceType));
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Stop discovery on all networks tracked by this class.
+         *
+         * This will request all underlying listeners to stop, and the last one to stop will call
+         * onDiscoveryStopped or onStopDiscoveryFailed.
+         *
+         * Must be called on the handler thread.
+         */
+        public void requestStop() {
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                mStopRequested = true;
+                final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+                cm.unregisterNetworkCallback(mNetworkCb);
+                if (mPerNetworkListeners.size() == 0) {
+                    mBaseListener.onDiscoveryStopped(mServiceType);
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (int i = 0; i < mPerNetworkListeners.size(); i++) {
+                    final DelegatingDiscoveryListener listener = mPerNetworkListeners.valueAt(i);
+                    stopServiceDiscovery(listener);
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        private PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker(String serviceType, int protocolType,
+                Executor baseExecutor, DiscoveryListener baseListener) {
+            mServiceType = serviceType;
+            mProtocolType = protocolType;
+            mBaseExecutor = baseExecutor;
+            mBaseListener = baseListener;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Subset of NsdServiceInfo that is tracked to generate service lost notifications when a
+         * network is lost.
+         *
+         * Service lost notifications only contain service name, type and network, so only track
+         * that information (Network is known from the listener). This also implements
+         * equals/hashCode for usage in maps.
+         */
+        private class TrackedNsdInfo {
+            private final String mServiceName;
+            private final String mServiceType;
+            TrackedNsdInfo(NsdServiceInfo info) {
+                mServiceName = info.getServiceName();
+                mServiceType = info.getServiceType();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int hashCode() {
+                return Objects.hash(mServiceName, mServiceType);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(Object obj) {
+                if (!(obj instanceof TrackedNsdInfo)) return false;
+                final TrackedNsdInfo other = (TrackedNsdInfo) obj;
+                return Objects.equals(mServiceName, other.mServiceName)
+                        && Objects.equals(mServiceType, other.mServiceType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private class DelegatingDiscoveryListener implements DiscoveryListener {
+            private final Network mNetwork;
+            private final DiscoveryListener mWrapped;
+            private final ArraySet<TrackedNsdInfo> mFoundInfo = new ArraySet<>();
+
+            private DelegatingDiscoveryListener(Network network, DiscoveryListener listener) {
+                mNetwork = network;
+                mWrapped = listener;
+            }
+
+            void notifyAllServicesLost() {
+                for (int i = 0; i < mFoundInfo.size(); i++) {
+                    final TrackedNsdInfo trackedInfo = mFoundInfo.valueAt(i);
+                    final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(
+                            trackedInfo.mServiceName, trackedInfo.mServiceType);
+                    serviceInfo.setNetwork(mNetwork);
+                    mWrapped.onServiceLost(serviceInfo);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
+                // The delegated listener is used when NsdManager takes care of starting/stopping
+                // discovery on multiple networks. Failure to start on one network is not a global
+                // failure to be reported up, as other networks may succeed: just log.
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to start discovery for " + serviceType + " on " + mNetwork
+                        + " with code " + errorCode);
+                mPerNetworkListeners.remove(mNetwork);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onDiscoveryStarted(String serviceType) {
+                // Wrapped listener was called upon registration, it is not called for discovery
+                // on each network
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to stop discovery for " + serviceType + " on " + mNetwork
+                        + " with code " + errorCode);
+                mPerNetworkListeners.remove(mNetwork);
+                if (mStopRequested && mPerNetworkListeners.size() == 0) {
+                    // Do not report onStopDiscoveryFailed when some underlying listeners failed:
+                    // this does not mean that all listeners did, and onStopDiscoveryFailed is not
+                    // actionable anyway. Just report that discovery stopped.
+                    mWrapped.onDiscoveryStopped(serviceType);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType) {
+                mPerNetworkListeners.remove(mNetwork);
+                if (mStopRequested && mPerNetworkListeners.size() == 0) {
+                    mWrapped.onDiscoveryStopped(serviceType);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                mFoundInfo.add(new TrackedNsdInfo(serviceInfo));
+                mWrapped.onServiceFound(serviceInfo);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+                mFoundInfo.remove(new TrackedNsdInfo(serviceInfo));
+                mWrapped.onServiceLost(serviceInfo);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new Nsd instance. Applications use
+     * {@link android.content.Context#getSystemService Context.getSystemService()} to retrieve
+     * {@link android.content.Context#NSD_SERVICE Context.NSD_SERVICE}.
+     * @param service the Binder interface
+     * @hide - hide this because it takes in a parameter of type INsdManager, which
+     * is a system private class.
+     */
+    public NsdManager(Context context, INsdManager service) {
+        mContext = context;
+
+        HandlerThread t = new HandlerThread("NsdManager");
+        t.start();
+        mHandler = new ServiceHandler(t.getLooper());
+
+        try {
+            mService = service.connect(new NsdCallbackImpl(mHandler));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to connect to NsdService");
+        }
+
+        // Only proactively start the daemon if the target SDK < S, otherwise the internal service
+        // would automatically start/stop the native daemon as needed.
+        if (!CompatChanges.isChangeEnabled(RUN_NATIVE_NSD_ONLY_IF_LEGACY_APPS)) {
+            try {
+                mService.startDaemon();
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to proactively start daemon");
+                // Continue: the daemon can still be started on-demand later
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class NsdCallbackImpl extends INsdManagerCallback.Stub {
+        private final Handler mServHandler;
+
+        NsdCallbackImpl(Handler serviceHandler) {
+            mServHandler = serviceHandler;
+        }
+
+        private void sendInfo(int message, int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            mServHandler.sendMessage(mServHandler.obtainMessage(message, 0, listenerKey, info));
+        }
+
+        private void sendError(int message, int listenerKey, int error) {
+            mServHandler.sendMessage(mServHandler.obtainMessage(message, error, listenerKey));
+        }
+
+        private void sendNoArg(int message, int listenerKey) {
+            mServHandler.sendMessage(mServHandler.obtainMessage(message, 0, listenerKey));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            sendInfo(DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED, listenerKey, info);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDiscoverServicesFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            sendError(DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED, listenerKey, error);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceFound(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            sendInfo(SERVICE_FOUND, listenerKey, info);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceLost(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            sendInfo(SERVICE_LOST, listenerKey, info);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            sendError(STOP_DISCOVERY_FAILED, listenerKey, error);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopDiscoverySucceeded(int listenerKey) {
+            sendNoArg(STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED, listenerKey);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRegisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            sendError(REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED, listenerKey, error);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onRegisterServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            sendInfo(REGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, listenerKey, info);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnregisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            sendError(UNREGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED, listenerKey, error);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey) {
+            sendNoArg(UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, listenerKey);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onResolveServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            sendError(RESOLVE_SERVICE_FAILED, listenerKey, error);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onResolveServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            sendInfo(RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED, listenerKey, info);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Failures are passed with {@link RegistrationListener#onRegistrationFailed},
+     * {@link RegistrationListener#onUnregistrationFailed},
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onStartDiscoveryFailed},
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onStopDiscoveryFailed} or {@link ResolveListener#onResolveFailed}.
+     *
+     * Indicates that the operation failed due to an internal error.
+     */
+    public static final int FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR               = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the operation failed because it is already active.
+     */
+    public static final int FAILURE_ALREADY_ACTIVE              = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates that the operation failed because the maximum outstanding
+     * requests from the applications have reached.
+     */
+    public static final int FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT                   = 4;
+
+    /** Interface for callback invocation for service discovery */
+    public interface DiscoveryListener {
+
+        public void onStartDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode);
+
+        public void onStopDiscoveryFailed(String serviceType, int errorCode);
+
+        public void onDiscoveryStarted(String serviceType);
+
+        public void onDiscoveryStopped(String serviceType);
+
+        public void onServiceFound(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+
+        public void onServiceLost(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    }
+
+    /** Interface for callback invocation for service registration */
+    public interface RegistrationListener {
+
+        public void onRegistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode);
+
+        public void onUnregistrationFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode);
+
+        public void onServiceRegistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+
+        public void onServiceUnregistered(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    }
+
+    /** Interface for callback invocation for service resolution */
+    public interface ResolveListener {
+
+        public void onResolveFailed(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int errorCode);
+
+        public void onServiceResolved(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
+        ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message message) {
+            final int what = message.what;
+            final int key = message.arg2;
+            final Object listener;
+            final NsdServiceInfo ns;
+            final Executor executor;
+            synchronized (mMapLock) {
+                listener = mListenerMap.get(key);
+                ns = mServiceMap.get(key);
+                executor = mExecutorMap.get(key);
+            }
+            if (listener == null) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "Stale key " + message.arg2);
+                return;
+            }
+            if (DBG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "received " + nameOf(what) + " for key " + key + ", service " + ns);
+            }
+            switch (what) {
+                case DISCOVER_SERVICES_STARTED:
+                    final String s = getNsdServiceInfoType((NsdServiceInfo) message.obj);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onDiscoveryStarted(s));
+                    break;
+                case DISCOVER_SERVICES_FAILED:
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onStartDiscoveryFailed(
+                            getNsdServiceInfoType(ns), message.arg1));
+                    break;
+                case SERVICE_FOUND:
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onServiceFound(
+                            (NsdServiceInfo) message.obj));
+                    break;
+                case SERVICE_LOST:
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onServiceLost(
+                            (NsdServiceInfo) message.obj));
+                    break;
+                case STOP_DISCOVERY_FAILED:
+                    // TODO: failure to stop discovery should be internal and retried internally, as
+                    // the effect for the client is indistinguishable from STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onStopDiscoveryFailed(
+                            getNsdServiceInfoType(ns), message.arg1));
+                    break;
+                case STOP_DISCOVERY_SUCCEEDED:
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((DiscoveryListener) listener).onDiscoveryStopped(
+                            getNsdServiceInfoType(ns)));
+                    break;
+                case REGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED:
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((RegistrationListener) listener).onRegistrationFailed(
+                            ns, message.arg1));
+                    break;
+                case REGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED:
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((RegistrationListener) listener).onServiceRegistered(
+                            (NsdServiceInfo) message.obj));
+                    break;
+                case UNREGISTER_SERVICE_FAILED:
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((RegistrationListener) listener).onUnregistrationFailed(
+                            ns, message.arg1));
+                    break;
+                case UNREGISTER_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED:
+                    // TODO: do not unregister listener until service is unregistered, or provide
+                    // alternative way for unregistering ?
+                    removeListener(message.arg2);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((RegistrationListener) listener).onServiceUnregistered(
+                            ns));
+                    break;
+                case RESOLVE_SERVICE_FAILED:
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((ResolveListener) listener).onResolveFailed(
+                            ns, message.arg1));
+                    break;
+                case RESOLVE_SERVICE_SUCCEEDED:
+                    removeListener(key);
+                    executor.execute(() -> ((ResolveListener) listener).onServiceResolved(
+                            (NsdServiceInfo) message.obj));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Ignored " + message);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int nextListenerKey() {
+        // Ensure mListenerKey >= FIRST_LISTENER_KEY;
+        mListenerKey = Math.max(FIRST_LISTENER_KEY, mListenerKey + 1);
+        return mListenerKey;
+    }
+
+    // Assert that the listener is not in the map, then add it and returns its key
+    private int putListener(Object listener, Executor e, NsdServiceInfo s) {
+        checkListener(listener);
+        final int key;
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            int valueIndex = mListenerMap.indexOfValue(listener);
+            if (valueIndex != -1) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("listener already in use");
+            }
+            key = nextListenerKey();
+            mListenerMap.put(key, listener);
+            mServiceMap.put(key, s);
+            mExecutorMap.put(key, e);
+        }
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    private void removeListener(int key) {
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            mListenerMap.remove(key);
+            mServiceMap.remove(key);
+            mExecutorMap.remove(key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getListenerKey(Object listener) {
+        checkListener(listener);
+        synchronized (mMapLock) {
+            int valueIndex = mListenerMap.indexOfValue(listener);
+            if (valueIndex == -1) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("listener not registered");
+            }
+            return mListenerMap.keyAt(valueIndex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String getNsdServiceInfoType(NsdServiceInfo s) {
+        if (s == null) return "?";
+        return s.getServiceType();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a service to be discovered by other services.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to register service
+     * to the framework. The application is notified of a successful registration
+     * through the callback {@link RegistrationListener#onServiceRegistered} or a failure
+     * through {@link RegistrationListener#onRegistrationFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #unregisterService} when the service
+     * registration is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is stopped.
+     *
+     * @param serviceInfo The service being registered
+     * @param protocolType The service discovery protocol
+     * @param listener The listener notifies of a successful registration and is used to
+     * unregister this service through a call on {@link #unregisterService}. Cannot be null.
+     * Cannot be in use for an active service registration.
+     */
+    public void registerService(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int protocolType,
+            RegistrationListener listener) {
+        registerService(serviceInfo, protocolType, Runnable::run, listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register a service to be discovered by other services.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to register service
+     * to the framework. The application is notified of a successful registration
+     * through the callback {@link RegistrationListener#onServiceRegistered} or a failure
+     * through {@link RegistrationListener#onRegistrationFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #unregisterService} when the service
+     * registration is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is stopped.
+     * @param serviceInfo The service being registered
+     * @param protocolType The service discovery protocol
+     * @param executor Executor to run listener callbacks with
+     * @param listener The listener notifies of a successful registration and is used to
+     * unregister this service through a call on {@link #unregisterService}. Cannot be null.
+     */
+    public void registerService(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, int protocolType,
+            @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull RegistrationListener listener) {
+        if (serviceInfo.getPort() <= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid port number");
+        }
+        checkServiceInfo(serviceInfo);
+        checkProtocol(protocolType);
+        int key = putListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
+        try {
+            mService.registerService(key, serviceInfo);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister a service registered through {@link #registerService}. A successful
+     * unregister is notified to the application with a call to
+     * {@link RegistrationListener#onServiceUnregistered}.
+     *
+     * @param listener This should be the listener object that was passed to
+     * {@link #registerService}. It identifies the service that should be unregistered
+     * and notifies of a successful or unsuccessful unregistration via the listener
+     * callbacks.  In API versions 20 and above, the listener object may be used for
+     * another service registration once the callback has been called.  In API versions <= 19,
+     * there is no entirely reliable way to know when a listener may be re-used, and a new
+     * listener should be created for each service registration request.
+     */
+    public void unregisterService(RegistrationListener listener) {
+        int id = getListenerKey(listener);
+        try {
+            mService.unregisterService(id);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initiate service discovery to browse for instances of a service type. Service discovery
+     * consumes network bandwidth and will continue until the application calls
+     * {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to start service
+     * discovery to the framework. The application is notified of a success to initiate
+     * discovery through the callback {@link DiscoveryListener#onDiscoveryStarted} or a failure
+     * through {@link DiscoveryListener#onStartDiscoveryFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon successful start, application is notified when a service is found with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceFound} or when a service is lost with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceLost}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon failure to start, service discovery is not active and application does
+     * not need to invoke {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #stopServiceDiscovery} when discovery of this
+     * service type is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is paused or
+     * stopped.
+     *
+     * @param serviceType The service type being discovered. Examples include "_http._tcp" for
+     * http services or "_ipp._tcp" for printers
+     * @param protocolType The service discovery protocol
+     * @param listener  The listener notifies of a successful discovery and is used
+     * to stop discovery on this serviceType through a call on {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     * Cannot be null. Cannot be in use for an active service discovery.
+     */
+    public void discoverServices(String serviceType, int protocolType, DiscoveryListener listener) {
+        discoverServices(serviceType, protocolType, (Network) null, Runnable::run, listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initiate service discovery to browse for instances of a service type. Service discovery
+     * consumes network bandwidth and will continue until the application calls
+     * {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to start service
+     * discovery to the framework. The application is notified of a success to initiate
+     * discovery through the callback {@link DiscoveryListener#onDiscoveryStarted} or a failure
+     * through {@link DiscoveryListener#onStartDiscoveryFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon successful start, application is notified when a service is found with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceFound} or when a service is lost with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceLost}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon failure to start, service discovery is not active and application does
+     * not need to invoke {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #stopServiceDiscovery} when discovery of this
+     * service type is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is paused or
+     * stopped.
+     * @param serviceType The service type being discovered. Examples include "_http._tcp" for
+     * http services or "_ipp._tcp" for printers
+     * @param protocolType The service discovery protocol
+     * @param network Network to discover services on, or null to discover on all available networks
+     * @param executor Executor to run listener callbacks with
+     * @param listener  The listener notifies of a successful discovery and is used
+     * to stop discovery on this serviceType through a call on {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     */
+    public void discoverServices(@NonNull String serviceType, int protocolType,
+            @Nullable Network network, @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull DiscoveryListener listener) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceType)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
+        }
+        checkProtocol(protocolType);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo s = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        s.setServiceType(serviceType);
+        s.setNetwork(network);
+
+        int key = putListener(listener, executor, s);
+        try {
+            mService.discoverServices(key, s);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Initiate service discovery to browse for instances of a service type. Service discovery
+     * consumes network bandwidth and will continue until the application calls
+     * {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     *
+     * <p> The function call immediately returns after sending a request to start service
+     * discovery to the framework. The application is notified of a success to initiate
+     * discovery through the callback {@link DiscoveryListener#onDiscoveryStarted} or a failure
+     * through {@link DiscoveryListener#onStartDiscoveryFailed}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon successful start, application is notified when a service is found with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceFound} or when a service is lost with
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceLost}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon failure to start, service discovery is not active and application does
+     * not need to invoke {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}
+     *
+     * <p> The application should call {@link #stopServiceDiscovery} when discovery of this
+     * service type is no longer required, and/or whenever the application is paused or
+     * stopped.
+     *
+     * <p> During discovery, new networks may connect or existing networks may disconnect - for
+     * example if wifi is reconnected. When a service was found on a network that disconnects,
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceLost} will be called. If a new network connects that
+     * matches the {@link NetworkRequest}, {@link DiscoveryListener#onServiceFound} will be called
+     * for services found on that network. Applications that do not want to track networks
+     * themselves are encouraged to use this method instead of other overloads of
+     * {@code discoverServices}, as they will receive proper notifications when a service becomes
+     * available or unavailable due to network changes.
+     * @param serviceType The service type being discovered. Examples include "_http._tcp" for
+     * http services or "_ipp._tcp" for printers
+     * @param protocolType The service discovery protocol
+     * @param networkRequest Request specifying networks that should be considered when discovering
+     * @param executor Executor to run listener callbacks with
+     * @param listener  The listener notifies of a successful discovery and is used
+     * to stop discovery on this serviceType through a call on {@link #stopServiceDiscovery}.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    public void discoverServices(@NonNull String serviceType, int protocolType,
+            @NonNull NetworkRequest networkRequest, @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull DiscoveryListener listener) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceType)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(networkRequest, "NetworkRequest cannot be null");
+        checkProtocol(protocolType);
+
+        NsdServiceInfo s = new NsdServiceInfo();
+        s.setServiceType(serviceType);
+
+        final int baseListenerKey = putListener(listener, executor, s);
+
+        final PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker discoveryInfo = new PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker(
+                serviceType, protocolType, executor, listener);
+
+        synchronized (mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap) {
+            mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap.put(baseListenerKey, discoveryInfo);
+            discoveryInfo.start(networkRequest);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop service discovery initiated with {@link #discoverServices}.  An active service
+     * discovery is notified to the application with {@link DiscoveryListener#onDiscoveryStarted}
+     * and it stays active until the application invokes a stop service discovery. A successful
+     * stop is notified to with a call to {@link DiscoveryListener#onDiscoveryStopped}.
+     *
+     * <p> Upon failure to stop service discovery, application is notified through
+     * {@link DiscoveryListener#onStopDiscoveryFailed}.
+     *
+     * @param listener This should be the listener object that was passed to {@link #discoverServices}.
+     * It identifies the discovery that should be stopped and notifies of a successful or
+     * unsuccessful stop.  In API versions 20 and above, the listener object may be used for
+     * another service discovery once the callback has been called.  In API versions <= 19,
+     * there is no entirely reliable way to know when a listener may be re-used, and a new
+     * listener should be created for each service discovery request.
+     */
+    public void stopServiceDiscovery(DiscoveryListener listener) {
+        int id = getListenerKey(listener);
+        // If this is a PerNetworkDiscovery request, handle it as such
+        synchronized (mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap) {
+            final PerNetworkDiscoveryTracker info = mPerNetworkDiscoveryMap.get(id);
+            if (info != null) {
+                info.requestStop();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        try {
+            mService.stopDiscovery(id);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve a discovered service. An application can resolve a service right before
+     * establishing a connection to fetch the IP and port details on which to setup
+     * the connection.
+     *
+     * @param serviceInfo service to be resolved
+     * @param listener to receive callback upon success or failure. Cannot be null.
+     * Cannot be in use for an active service resolution.
+     */
+    public void resolveService(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo, ResolveListener listener) {
+        resolveService(serviceInfo, Runnable::run, listener);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve a discovered service. An application can resolve a service right before
+     * establishing a connection to fetch the IP and port details on which to setup
+     * the connection.
+     * @param serviceInfo service to be resolved
+     * @param executor Executor to run listener callbacks with
+     * @param listener to receive callback upon success or failure.
+     */
+    public void resolveService(@NonNull NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo,
+            @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull ResolveListener listener) {
+        checkServiceInfo(serviceInfo);
+        int key = putListener(listener, executor, serviceInfo);
+        try {
+            mService.resolveService(key, serviceInfo);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkListener(Object listener) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(listener, "listener cannot be null");
+    }
+
+    private static void checkProtocol(int protocolType) {
+        if (protocolType != PROTOCOL_DNS_SD) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported protocol");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void checkServiceInfo(NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(serviceInfo, "NsdServiceInfo cannot be null");
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceName())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service name cannot be empty");
+        }
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(serviceInfo.getServiceType())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Service type cannot be empty");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8506db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Base64;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A class representing service information for network service discovery
+ * {@see NsdManager}
+ */
+public final class NsdServiceInfo implements Parcelable {
+
+    private static final String TAG = "NsdServiceInfo";
+
+    private String mServiceName;
+
+    private String mServiceType;
+
+    private final ArrayMap<String, byte[]> mTxtRecord = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    private InetAddress mHost;
+
+    private int mPort;
+
+    @Nullable
+    private Network mNetwork;
+
+    public NsdServiceInfo() {
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public NsdServiceInfo(String sn, String rt) {
+        mServiceName = sn;
+        mServiceType = rt;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the service name */
+    public String getServiceName() {
+        return mServiceName;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the service name */
+    public void setServiceName(String s) {
+        mServiceName = s;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the service type */
+    public String getServiceType() {
+        return mServiceType;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the service type */
+    public void setServiceType(String s) {
+        mServiceType = s;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the host address. The host address is valid for a resolved service. */
+    public InetAddress getHost() {
+        return mHost;
+    }
+
+    /** Set the host address */
+    public void setHost(InetAddress s) {
+        mHost = s;
+    }
+
+    /** Get port number. The port number is valid for a resolved service. */
+    public int getPort() {
+        return mPort;
+    }
+
+    /** Set port number */
+    public void setPort(int p) {
+        mPort = p;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unpack txt information from a base-64 encoded byte array.
+     *
+     * @param rawRecords The raw base64 encoded records string read from netd.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void setTxtRecords(@NonNull String rawRecords) {
+        byte[] txtRecordsRawBytes = Base64.decode(rawRecords, Base64.DEFAULT);
+
+        // There can be multiple TXT records after each other. Each record has to following format:
+        //
+        // byte                  type                  required   meaning
+        // -------------------   -------------------   --------   ----------------------------------
+        // 0                     unsigned 8 bit        yes        size of record excluding this byte
+        // 1 - n                 ASCII but not '='     yes        key
+        // n + 1                 '='                   optional   separator of key and value
+        // n + 2 - record size   uninterpreted bytes   optional   value
+        //
+        // Example legal records:
+        // [11, 'm', 'y', 'k', 'e', 'y', '=', 0x0, 0x4, 0x65, 0x7, 0xff]
+        // [17, 'm', 'y', 'K', 'e', 'y', 'W', 'i', 't', 'h', 'N', 'o', 'V', 'a', 'l', 'u', 'e', '=']
+        // [12, 'm', 'y', 'B', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'e', 'a', 'n', 'K', 'e', 'y']
+        //
+        // Example corrupted records
+        // [3, =, 1, 2]    <- key is empty
+        // [3, 0, =, 2]    <- key contains non-ASCII character. We handle this by replacing the
+        //                    invalid characters instead of skipping the record.
+        // [30, 'a', =, 2] <- length exceeds total left over bytes in the TXT records array, we
+        //                    handle this by reducing the length of the record as needed.
+        int pos = 0;
+        while (pos < txtRecordsRawBytes.length) {
+            // recordLen is an unsigned 8 bit value
+            int recordLen = txtRecordsRawBytes[pos] & 0xff;
+            pos += 1;
+
+            try {
+                if (recordLen == 0) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Zero sized txt record");
+                } else if (pos + recordLen > txtRecordsRawBytes.length) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "Corrupt record length (pos = " + pos + "): " + recordLen);
+                    recordLen = txtRecordsRawBytes.length - pos;
+                }
+
+                // Decode key-value records
+                String key = null;
+                byte[] value = null;
+                int valueLen = 0;
+                for (int i = pos; i < pos + recordLen; i++) {
+                    if (key == null) {
+                        if (txtRecordsRawBytes[i] == '=') {
+                            key = new String(txtRecordsRawBytes, pos, i - pos,
+                                    StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        if (value == null) {
+                            value = new byte[recordLen - key.length() - 1];
+                        }
+                        value[valueLen] = txtRecordsRawBytes[i];
+                        valueLen++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // If '=' was not found we have a boolean record
+                if (key == null) {
+                    key = new String(txtRecordsRawBytes, pos, recordLen, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+                }
+
+                if (TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) {
+                    // Empty keys are not allowed (RFC6763 6.4)
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid txt record (key is empty)");
+                }
+
+                if (getAttributes().containsKey(key)) {
+                    // When we have a duplicate record, the later ones are ignored (RFC6763 6.4)
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid txt record (duplicate key \"" + key + "\")");
+                }
+
+                setAttribute(key, value);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "While parsing txt records (pos = " + pos + "): " + e.getMessage());
+            }
+
+            pos += recordLen;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    public void setAttribute(String key, byte[] value) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(key)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Key cannot be empty");
+        }
+
+        // Key must be printable US-ASCII, excluding =.
+        for (int i = 0; i < key.length(); ++i) {
+            char character = key.charAt(i);
+            if (character < 0x20 || character > 0x7E) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Key strings must be printable US-ASCII");
+            } else if (character == 0x3D) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Key strings must not include '='");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Key length + value length must be < 255.
+        if (key.length() + (value == null ? 0 : value.length) >= 255) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Key length + value length must be < 255 bytes");
+        }
+
+        // Warn if key is > 9 characters, as recommended by RFC 6763 section 6.4.
+        if (key.length() > 9) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Key lengths > 9 are discouraged: " + key);
+        }
+
+        // Check against total TXT record size limits.
+        // Arbitrary 400 / 1300 byte limits taken from RFC 6763 section 6.2.
+        int txtRecordSize = getTxtRecordSize();
+        int futureSize = txtRecordSize + key.length() + (value == null ? 0 : value.length) + 2;
+        if (futureSize > 1300) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Total length of attributes must be < 1300 bytes");
+        } else if (futureSize > 400) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Total length of all attributes exceeds 400 bytes; truncation may occur");
+        }
+
+        mTxtRecord.put(key, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add a service attribute as a key/value pair.
+     *
+     * <p> Service attributes are included as DNS-SD TXT record pairs.
+     *
+     * <p> The key must be US-ASCII printable characters, excluding the '=' character.  Values may
+     * be UTF-8 strings or null.  The total length of key + value must be less than 255 bytes.
+     *
+     * <p> Keys should be short, ideally no more than 9 characters, and unique per instance of
+     * {@link NsdServiceInfo}.  Calling {@link #setAttribute} twice with the same key will overwrite
+     * first value.
+     */
+    public void setAttribute(String key, String value) {
+        try {
+            setAttribute(key, value == null ? (byte []) null : value.getBytes("UTF-8"));
+        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Value must be UTF-8");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Remove an attribute by key */
+    public void removeAttribute(String key) {
+        mTxtRecord.remove(key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve attributes as a map of String keys to byte[] values. The attributes map is only
+     * valid for a resolved service.
+     *
+     * <p> The returned map is unmodifiable; changes must be made through {@link #setAttribute} and
+     * {@link #removeAttribute}.
+     */
+    public Map<String, byte[]> getAttributes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableMap(mTxtRecord);
+    }
+
+    private int getTxtRecordSize() {
+        int txtRecordSize = 0;
+        for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> entry : mTxtRecord.entrySet()) {
+            txtRecordSize += 2;  // One for the length byte, one for the = between key and value.
+            txtRecordSize += entry.getKey().length();
+            byte[] value = entry.getValue();
+            txtRecordSize += value == null ? 0 : value.length;
+        }
+        return txtRecordSize;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public @NonNull byte[] getTxtRecord() {
+        int txtRecordSize = getTxtRecordSize();
+        if (txtRecordSize == 0) {
+            return new byte[]{};
+        }
+
+        byte[] txtRecord = new byte[txtRecordSize];
+        int ptr = 0;
+        for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> entry : mTxtRecord.entrySet()) {
+            String key = entry.getKey();
+            byte[] value = entry.getValue();
+
+            // One byte to record the length of this key/value pair.
+            txtRecord[ptr++] = (byte) (key.length() + (value == null ? 0 : value.length) + 1);
+
+            // The key, in US-ASCII.
+            // Note: use the StandardCharsets const here because it doesn't raise exceptions and we
+            // already know the key is ASCII at this point.
+            System.arraycopy(key.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), 0, txtRecord, ptr,
+                    key.length());
+            ptr += key.length();
+
+            // US-ASCII '=' character.
+            txtRecord[ptr++] = (byte)'=';
+
+            // The value, as any raw bytes.
+            if (value != null) {
+                System.arraycopy(value, 0, txtRecord, ptr, value.length);
+                ptr += value.length;
+            }
+        }
+        return txtRecord;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the network where the service can be found.
+     *
+     * This is never null if this {@link NsdServiceInfo} was obtained from
+     * {@link NsdManager#discoverServices} or {@link NsdManager#resolveService}.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public Network getNetwork() {
+        return mNetwork;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the network where the service can be found.
+     * @param network The network, or null to search for, or to announce, the service on all
+     *                connected networks.
+     */
+    public void setNetwork(@Nullable Network network) {
+        mNetwork = network;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("name: ").append(mServiceName)
+                .append(", type: ").append(mServiceType)
+                .append(", host: ").append(mHost)
+                .append(", port: ").append(mPort)
+                .append(", network: ").append(mNetwork);
+
+        byte[] txtRecord = getTxtRecord();
+        sb.append(", txtRecord: ").append(new String(txtRecord, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeString(mServiceName);
+        dest.writeString(mServiceType);
+        if (mHost != null) {
+            dest.writeInt(1);
+            dest.writeByteArray(mHost.getAddress());
+        } else {
+            dest.writeInt(0);
+        }
+        dest.writeInt(mPort);
+
+        // TXT record key/value pairs.
+        dest.writeInt(mTxtRecord.size());
+        for (String key : mTxtRecord.keySet()) {
+            byte[] value = mTxtRecord.get(key);
+            if (value != null) {
+                dest.writeInt(1);
+                dest.writeInt(value.length);
+                dest.writeByteArray(value);
+            } else {
+                dest.writeInt(0);
+            }
+            dest.writeString(key);
+        }
+
+        dest.writeParcelable(mNetwork, 0);
+    }
+
+    /** Implement the Parcelable interface */
+    public static final @android.annotation.NonNull Creator<NsdServiceInfo> CREATOR =
+        new Creator<NsdServiceInfo>() {
+            public NsdServiceInfo createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                NsdServiceInfo info = new NsdServiceInfo();
+                info.mServiceName = in.readString();
+                info.mServiceType = in.readString();
+
+                if (in.readInt() == 1) {
+                    try {
+                        info.mHost = InetAddress.getByAddress(in.createByteArray());
+                    } catch (java.net.UnknownHostException e) {}
+                }
+
+                info.mPort = in.readInt();
+
+                // TXT record key/value pairs.
+                int recordCount = in.readInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < recordCount; ++i) {
+                    byte[] valueArray = null;
+                    if (in.readInt() == 1) {
+                        int valueLength = in.readInt();
+                        valueArray = new byte[valueLength];
+                        in.readByteArray(valueArray);
+                    }
+                    info.mTxtRecord.put(in.readString(), valueArray);
+                }
+                info.mNetwork = in.readParcelable(null, Network.class);
+                return info;
+            }
+
+            public NsdServiceInfo[] newArray(int size) {
+                return new NsdServiceInfo[size];
+            }
+        };
+}
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkStats.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkStats.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d06ca65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkStats.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkStats;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkTemplate.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkTemplate.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d37488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/NetworkTemplate.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+parcelable NetworkTemplate;
diff --git a/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.aidl b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..657bdd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework/aidl-export/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.nsd;
+
+@JavaOnlyStableParcelable parcelable NsdServiceInfo;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
index e4e2151..ddac19d 100644
--- a/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@
     method @Deprecated @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreference(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, int, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK) public void setProfileNetworkPreferences(@NonNull android.os.UserHandle, @NonNull java.util.List<android.net.ProfileNetworkPreference>, @Nullable java.util.concurrent.Executor, @Nullable Runnable);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS}) public void setRequireVpnForUids(boolean, @NonNull java.util.Collection<android.util.Range<java.lang.Integer>>);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void setUidFirewallRule(int, int, int);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK}) public void simulateDataStall(int, long, @NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.os.PersistableBundle);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void startCaptivePortalApp(@NonNull android.net.Network);
     method public void systemReady();
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public void updateFirewallRule(int, int, boolean);
     field public static final String ACTION_CLEAR_DNS_CACHE = "android.net.action.CLEAR_DNS_CACHE";
     field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION = "android.net.action.PROMPT_LOST_VALIDATION";
     field public static final String ACTION_PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = "android.net.action.PROMPT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE = 3; // 0x3
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_DENY = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_DEFAULT = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int PROFILE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_ENTERPRISE_NO_FALLBACK = 2; // 0x2
diff --git a/framework/api/system-current.txt b/framework/api/system-current.txt
index 7b97cec..db1d7e9 100644
--- a/framework/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/system-current.txt
@@ -104,12 +104,6 @@
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.DscpPolicy> CREATOR;
     field public static final int PROTOCOL_ANY = -1; // 0xffffffff
     field public static final int SOURCE_PORT_ANY = -1; // 0xffffffff
-    field public static final int STATUS_DELETED = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int STATUS_SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
   }
 
   public static final class DscpPolicy.Builder {
@@ -271,6 +265,12 @@
     method public final void setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
     method public void unregister();
     method public void unregisterAfterReplacement(@IntRange(from=0, to=0x1388) int);
+    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID = 1; // 0x1
   }
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSsid(@Nullable String);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setSubscriptionIds(@NonNull java.util.Set<java.lang.Integer>);
     method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setTransportInfo(@Nullable android.net.TransportInfo);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY) public android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable java.util.List<android.net.Network>);
     method @NonNull public static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.Builder withoutDefaultCapabilities();
   }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index a798f6e..a174fe3 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -995,6 +995,40 @@
     // LINT.ThenChange(packages/modules/Connectivity/service/native/include/Common.h)
 
     /**
+     * A firewall rule which allows or drops packets depending on existing policy.
+     * Used by {@link #setUidFirewallRule(int, int, int)} to follow existing policy to handle
+     * specific uid's packets in specific firewall chain.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * A firewall rule which allows packets. Used by {@link #setUidFirewallRule(int, int, int)} to
+     * allow specific uid's packets in specific firewall chain.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * A firewall rule which drops packets. Used by {@link #setUidFirewallRule(int, int, int)} to
+     * drop specific uid's packets in specific firewall chain.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+    public static final int FIREWALL_RULE_DENY = 2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(flag = false, prefix = "FIREWALL_RULE_", value = {
+        FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT,
+        FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW,
+        FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+    })
+    public @interface FirewallRule {}
+
+    /**
      * A kludge to facilitate static access where a Context pointer isn't available, like in the
      * case of the static set/getProcessDefaultNetwork methods and from the Network class.
      * TODO: Remove this after deprecating the static methods in favor of non-static methods or
@@ -5802,8 +5836,9 @@
      *
      * @param chain target chain.
      * @param uid uid to allow/deny.
-     * @param allow whether networking is allowed or denied.
+     * @param rule firewall rule to allow/drop packets.
      * @throws IllegalStateException if updating firewall rule failed.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code rule} is not a valid rule.
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
@@ -5812,10 +5847,10 @@
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
             NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK
     })
-    public void updateFirewallRule(@FirewallChain final int chain, final int uid,
-            final boolean allow) {
+    public void setUidFirewallRule(@FirewallChain final int chain, final int uid,
+            @FirewallRule final int rule) {
         try {
-            mService.updateFirewallRule(chain, uid, allow);
+            mService.setUidFirewallRule(chain, uid, rule);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java b/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java
index cda8205..6af795b 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/DscpPolicy.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
@@ -26,8 +25,6 @@
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
 
-import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
-import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -49,36 +46,6 @@
      */
     public static final int SOURCE_PORT_ANY = -1;
 
-    /**
-     * Policy was successfully added.
-     */
-    public static final int STATUS_SUCCESS = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Policy was rejected for any reason besides invalid classifier or insufficient resources.
-     */
-    public static final int STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1;
-
-    /**
-     * Requested policy contained a classifier which is not supported.
-     */
-    public static final int STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2;
-
-    /**
-     * TODO: should this error case be supported?
-     */
-    public static final int STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3;
-
-    /**
-     * Policy was deleted.
-     */
-    public static final int STATUS_DELETED = 4;
-
-    /**
-     * Policy was not found during deletion.
-     */
-    public static final int STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5;
-
     /** The unique policy ID. Each requesting network is responsible for maintaining policy IDs
      * unique within that network. In the case where a policy with an existing ID is created, the
      * new policy will update the existing policy with the same ID.
@@ -112,17 +79,6 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    /** @hide */
-    @IntDef(prefix = "STATUS_", value = {
-        STATUS_SUCCESS,
-        STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED,
-        STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
-        STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES,
-        STATUS_DELETED
-    })
-    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
-    public @interface DscpPolicyStatus {}
-
     /* package */ DscpPolicy(
             int policyId,
             int dscp,
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 0988bf3..bc73769 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
 
     void updateMeteredNetworkDenyList(int uid, boolean add);
 
-    void updateFirewallRule(int chain, int uid, boolean allow);
+    void setUidFirewallRule(int chain, int uid, int rule);
 
     void setFirewallChainEnabled(int chain, boolean enable);
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index 07b6227..29add1c 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.net.DscpPolicy.DscpPolicyStatus;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.ConditionVariable;
@@ -435,6 +434,48 @@
     public static final int CMD_DSCP_POLICY_STATUS = BASE + 28;
 
     /**
+     * DSCP policy was successfully added.
+     */
+    public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * DSCP policy was rejected for any reason besides invalid classifier or insufficient resources.
+     */
+    public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Requested DSCP policy contained a classifier which is not supported.
+     */
+    public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED = 2;
+
+    /**
+     * Requested DSCP policy was not added due to insufficient processing resources.
+     */
+    // TODO: should this error case be supported?
+    public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES = 3;
+
+    /**
+     * DSCP policy was deleted.
+     */
+    public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * DSCP policy was not found during deletion.
+     */
+    public static final int DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND = 5;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @IntDef(prefix = "DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_", value = {
+        DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS,
+        DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED,
+        DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+        DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES,
+        DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED
+    })
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    public @interface DscpPolicyStatus {}
+
+    /**
      * Sent by the NetworkAgent to ConnectivityService to notify that this network is expected to be
      * replaced within the specified time by a similar network.
      * arg1 = timeout in milliseconds
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index f7f2f57..97b1f32 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -863,8 +863,11 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the underlying networks of this network. If the caller is not system privileged, this is
-     * always redacted to null and it will be never useful to the caller.
+     * Get the underlying networks of this network. If the caller doesn't have one of
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY},
+     * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS} and
+     * {@link NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}, this is always redacted to null and
+     * it will be never useful to the caller.
      *
      * @return <li>If the list is null, this network hasn't declared underlying networks.</li>
      *         <li>If the list is empty, this network has declared that it has no underlying
@@ -2650,7 +2653,7 @@
     /**
      * Builder class for NetworkCapabilities.
      *
-     * This class is mainly for for {@link NetworkAgent} instances to use. Many fields in
+     * This class is mainly for {@link NetworkAgent} instances to use. Many fields in
      * the built class require holding a signature permission to use - mostly
      * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY}, but refer to the specific
      * description of each setter. As this class lives entirely in app space it does not
@@ -3058,9 +3061,20 @@
         /**
          * Set the underlying networks of this network.
          *
+         * <p>This API is mainly for {@link NetworkAgent}s who hold
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY} to set its underlying networks.
+         *
+         * <p>The underlying networks are only visible for the receiver who has one of
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY},
+         * {@link android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS} and
+         * {@link NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}.
+         * If the receiver doesn't have required permissions, the field will be cleared before
+         * sending to the caller.</p>
+         *
          * @param networks The underlying networks of this network.
          */
         @NonNull
+        @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY)
         public Builder setUnderlyingNetworks(@Nullable List<Network> networks) {
             mCaps.setUnderlyingNetworks(networks);
             return this;
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDataProviderService.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDataProviderService.java
index c6a1a65..b6c840d 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDataProviderService.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDataProviderService.java
@@ -479,15 +479,6 @@
             return this.mRequestParcel.account;
         }
         /**
-         * Get BleAddress.
-         *
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        public @Nullable String getBleAddress() {
-            return this.mRequestParcel.bleAddress;
-        }
-        /**
          * Get account key device metadata.
          *
          * @hide
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDeviceMetadata.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDeviceMetadata.java
index ea75271..04845c0 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDeviceMetadata.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDeviceMetadata.java
@@ -149,17 +149,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get Locale of the device.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getLocale() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.locale;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Get InitialNotificationDescription, which is a translated string of
      * "Tap to pair. Earbuds will be tied to %s" based on locale.
      *
@@ -325,111 +314,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get ConfirmPinTitle, which is a translated string of
-     * based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getConfirmPinTitle() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.confirmPinTitle;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get ConfirmPinDescription, which is a translated string of "confirm pin" based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getConfirmPinDescription() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.confirmPinDescription;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get SyncContactsTitle, which is a translated string of "sync contacts title" based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getSyncContactsTitle() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.syncContactsTitle;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get SyncContactsDescription, which is a translated string of "sync contacts description"
-     * based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getSyncContactsDescription() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.syncContactsDescription;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get SyncSmsTitle, which is a translated string of "sync sms title" based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getSyncSmsTitle() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.syncSmsTitle;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get SyncSmsDescription, which is a translated string of "sync sms description" based on
-     * locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getSyncSmsDescription() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.syncSmsDescription;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get AssistantSetupHalfSheet, which is a translated string of
-     * "Tap to set up your Google Assistant" based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getAssistantSetupHalfSheet() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get AssistantSetupNotification, which is a translated string of
-     * "Tap to set up your Google Assistant" based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getAssistantSetupNotification() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.assistantSetupNotification;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get FastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription, which is a translated string of
-     * "Select connect to pair your %s with this device" based on locale.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Builder used to create FastPairDeviceMetadata.
      *
      * @hide
@@ -457,7 +341,6 @@
             mBuilderParcel.trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud = null;
             mBuilderParcel.trueWirelessImageUrlRightBud = null;
             mBuilderParcel.trueWirelessImageUrlCase = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.locale = null;
             mBuilderParcel.initialNotificationDescription = null;
             mBuilderParcel.initialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount = null;
             mBuilderParcel.openCompanionAppDescription = null;
@@ -472,15 +355,6 @@
             mBuilderParcel.retroactivePairingDescription = null;
             mBuilderParcel.waitLaunchCompanionAppDescription = null;
             mBuilderParcel.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.confirmPinTitle = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.confirmPinDescription = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.syncContactsTitle = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.syncContactsDescription = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.syncSmsTitle = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.syncSmsDescription = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.assistantSetupNotification = null;
-            mBuilderParcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription = null;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -628,20 +502,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set Locale.
-         *
-         * @param locale Device locale.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setLocale(@Nullable String locale) {
-            mBuilderParcel.locale = locale;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
          * Set InitialNotificationDescription.
          *
          * @param initialNotificationDescription Initial notification description.
@@ -862,140 +722,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set ConfirmPinTitle.
-         *
-         * @param confirmPinTitle Title of the UI to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setConfirmPinTitle(@Nullable String confirmPinTitle) {
-            mBuilderParcel.confirmPinTitle = confirmPinTitle;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set ConfirmPinDescription.
-         *
-         * @param confirmPinDescription Description of the UI to ask the user to confirm the pin
-         *                              code.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setConfirmPinDescription(@Nullable String confirmPinDescription) {
-            mBuilderParcel.confirmPinDescription = confirmPinDescription;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set SyncContactsTitle.
-         *
-         * @param syncContactsTitle Title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setSyncContactsTitle(@Nullable String syncContactsTitle) {
-            mBuilderParcel.syncContactsTitle = syncContactsTitle;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set SyncContactsDescription.
-         *
-         * @param syncContactsDescription Description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync
-         *                                contacts.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setSyncContactsDescription(@Nullable String syncContactsDescription) {
-            mBuilderParcel.syncContactsDescription = syncContactsDescription;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set SyncSmsTitle.
-         *
-         * @param syncSmsTitle Title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setSyncSmsTitle(@Nullable String syncSmsTitle) {
-            mBuilderParcel.syncSmsTitle = syncSmsTitle;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set SyncSmsDescription.
-         *
-         * @param syncSmsDescription Description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setSyncSmsDescription(@Nullable String syncSmsDescription) {
-            mBuilderParcel.syncSmsDescription = syncSmsDescription;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set AssistantSetupHalfSheet.
-         *
-         * @param assistantSetupHalfSheet Description in half sheet to ask user setup google
-         * assistant.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(@Nullable String assistantSetupHalfSheet) {
-            mBuilderParcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet = assistantSetupHalfSheet;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set AssistantSetupNotification.
-         *
-         * @param assistantSetupNotification Description in notification to ask user setup google
-         *                                   assistant.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setAssistantSetupNotification(
-                @Nullable String assistantSetupNotification) {
-            mBuilderParcel.assistantSetupNotification = assistantSetupNotification;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set FastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription.
-         *
-         * @param fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription Description of the connect device
-         *                                                    action on TV, when user is not logged
-         *                                                    in.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                @Nullable String fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription) {
-            mBuilderParcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription =
-                    fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
          * Build {@link FastPairDeviceMetadata} with the currently set configuration.
          *
          * @hide
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDiscoveryItem.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDiscoveryItem.java
index bc6a6f8..ce7413a 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDiscoveryItem.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairDiscoveryItem.java
@@ -48,16 +48,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get Type.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    public int getType() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.type;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Get MacAddress.
      *
      * @hide
@@ -205,27 +195,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get GroupId.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getGroupId() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.groupId;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get AttachmentType.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    public int getAttachmentType() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.attachmentType;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Get PackageName.
      *
      * @hide
@@ -237,17 +206,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get FeatureGraphicUrl.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getFeatureGraphicUrl() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.featureGraphicUrl;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Get TriggerId.
      *
      * @hide
@@ -283,69 +241,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get DebugMessage.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getDebugMessage() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.debugMessage;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get DebugCategory.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    public int getDebugCategory() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.debugCategory;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get LostMillis.
-     */
-    public long getLostMillis() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.lostMillis;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get LastUserExperience.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    public int getLastUserExperience() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.lastUserExperience;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get BleRecordBytes. Raw bytes of {@link android.bluetooth.le.ScanRecord}.
-     * It is the most recent BLE advertisement related to this item.
-     *
-     * @return the most recent BLE advertisement in raw bytes of
-     *         {@link android.bluetooth.le.ScanRecord}.
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] getBleRecordBytes() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.bleRecordBytes;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Get EntityId.
-     *
-     * @hide
-     */
-    @SystemApi
-    @Nullable
-    public String getEntityId() {
-        return mMetadataParcel.entityId;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Get authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1, which is same as AntiSpoof public key, see
      * <a href="https://developers.google.com/nearby/fast-pair/spec#data_format">Data Format</a>.
      *
@@ -394,20 +289,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set Nearby Type.
-         *
-         * @param type Nearby type.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setType(int type) {
-            mBuilderParcel.type = type;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
          * Set MacAddress.
          *
          * @param macAddress Fast Pair device rotating mac address.
@@ -608,35 +489,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set GroupId.
-         *
-         * @param groupId ID used for associating several DiscoveryItems. These items may be
-         *                visually displayed together.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setGroupId(@Nullable String groupId) {
-            mBuilderParcel.groupId = groupId;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set AttachmentType.
-         *
-         * @param attachmentType Whether the attachment is created in debug namespace.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setAttachmentType(int attachmentType) {
-            mBuilderParcel.attachmentType = attachmentType;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
          * Set PackageName.
          *
          * @param packageName Package name of the App that owns this item.
@@ -651,21 +503,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set FeatureGraphicUrl.
-         *
-         * @param featureGraphicUrl The "feature" graphic image url used for large sized list view
-         *                          entries.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setFeatureGraphicUrl(@Nullable String featureGraphicUrl) {
-            mBuilderParcel.featureGraphicUrl = featureGraphicUrl;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
          * Set TriggerId.
          *
          * @param triggerId TriggerId identifies the trigger/beacon that is attached with a message.
@@ -708,94 +545,6 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Set DebugMessage.
-         *
-         * @param debugMessage Message written to bugreport for 3P developers.(No sensitive info)
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setDebugMessage(@Nullable String debugMessage) {
-            mBuilderParcel.debugMessage = debugMessage;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set DebugCategory.
-         *
-         * @param debugCategory Weather the item is filtered out on server.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setDebugCategory(int debugCategory) {
-            mBuilderParcel.debugCategory = debugCategory;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set LostMillis.
-         *
-         * @param lostMillis Client timestamp when the trigger (e.g. beacon) was last lost
-         *                   (e.g. when Messages told us the beacon's no longer nearby).
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setLostMillis(long lostMillis) {
-            mBuilderParcel.lostMillis = lostMillis;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set LastUserExperience.
-         *
-         * @param lastUserExperience The kind of experience the user last had with this (e.g. if
-         *                           they dismissed the notification, that's bad; but if they tapped
-         *                           it, that's good).
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setLastUserExperience(int lastUserExperience) {
-            mBuilderParcel.lastUserExperience = lastUserExperience;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set BleRecordBytes.
-         *
-         * @param bleRecordBytes The most recent BLE advertisement related to this item. Raw bytes
-         *                       of {@link android.bluetooth.le.ScanRecord}.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setBleRecordBytes(@Nullable byte[] bleRecordBytes) {
-            mBuilderParcel.bleRecordBytes = bleRecordBytes;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Set EntityId.
-         *
-         * @param entityId An ID generated on the server to uniquely identify content.
-         * @return The builder, to facilitate chaining {@code builder.setXXX(..).setXXX(..)}.
-         * @hide
-         */
-        @SystemApi
-        @NonNull
-        public Builder setEntityId(@Nullable String entityId) {
-            mBuilderParcel.entityId = entityId;
-            return this;
-        }
-
-        /**
          * Set authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1, which is same as AntiSpoof public key, see
          * <a href="https://developers.google.com/nearby/fast-pair/spec#data_format">Data Format</a>
          *
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
index 1c1d59f..1b82dca 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java
@@ -259,6 +259,7 @@
      * @param context the {@link Context} to set the setting
      * @param enable whether the Fast Pair scan should be enabled
      */
+    @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS)
     public static void setFastPairScanEnabled(@NonNull Context context, boolean enable) {
         Settings.Secure.putInt(
                 context.getContentResolver(), FAST_PAIR_SCAN_ENABLED, enable ? 1 : 0);
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/ScanRequest.java b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/ScanRequest.java
index a90b72d..cf2dd43 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/ScanRequest.java
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/ScanRequest.java
@@ -44,12 +44,8 @@
 
     /** Scan type for scanning devices using fast pair protocol. */
     public static final int SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR = 1;
-    /** Scan type for scanning devices using nearby share protocol. */
-    public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE = 2;
     /** Scan type for scanning devices using nearby presence protocol. */
-    public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 3;
-    /** Scan type for scanning devices using exposure notification protocol. */
-    public static final int SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION = 4;
+    public static final int SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE = 2;
 
     /** Scan mode uses highest duty cycle. */
     public static final int SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY = 2;
@@ -130,9 +126,7 @@
      */
     public static boolean isValidScanType(@ScanType int scanType) {
         return scanType == SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR
-                || scanType == SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE
-                || scanType == SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE
-                || scanType == SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION;
+                || scanType == SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -240,8 +234,7 @@
 
     /** @hide **/
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
-    @IntDef({SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR, SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE, SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE,
-            SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION})
+    @IntDef({SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR, SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE})
     public @interface ScanType {
     }
 
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel.aidl b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel.aidl
index ef00321..d90f6a1 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel.aidl
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel.aidl
@@ -49,10 +49,6 @@
     String trueWirelessImageUrlRightBud;
     String trueWirelessImageUrlCase;
 
-    // Stings to be displayed in notification surfaced for a device.
-    // The locale of all of the Strings.
-    String locale;
-
     // The notification description for when the device is initially discovered.
     String initialNotificationDescription;
 
@@ -100,31 +96,4 @@
     // The description that indicates go to bluetooth settings when connection
     // fail.
     String failConnectGoToSettingsDescription;
-
-    // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-    String confirmPinTitle;
-
-    // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-    String confirmPinDescription;
-
-    // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-    String syncContactsTitle;
-
-    // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-    String syncContactsDescription;
-
-    // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-    String syncSmsTitle;
-
-    // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-    String syncSmsDescription;
-
-    // The description in half sheet to ask user setup google assistant
-    String assistantSetupHalfSheet;
-
-    // The description in notification to ask user setup google assistant
-    String assistantSetupNotification;
-
-    // Description of the connect device action on TV, when user is not logged in.
-    String fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDiscoveryItemParcel.aidl b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDiscoveryItemParcel.aidl
index 5ba18bb..2cc2daa 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDiscoveryItemParcel.aidl
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairDiscoveryItemParcel.aidl
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
   // Online item: unique ID generated on server.
   String id;
 
-  int type;
-
   // The most recent all upper case mac associated with this item.
   // (Mac-to-DiscoveryItem is a many-to-many relationship)
   String macAddress;
@@ -72,19 +70,9 @@
   // Used in the second line of the notification, "Open in {} app"
   String appName;
 
-  // ID used for associating several DiscoveryItems.  These items may be
-  // visually displayed together.
-  String groupId;
-
-  // Whether the attachment is created in debug namespace
-  int attachmentType;
-
   // Package name of the App that owns this item.
   String packageName;
 
-  // The "feature" graphic image url used for large sized list view entries.
-  String featureGraphicUrl;
-
   // TriggerId identifies the trigger/beacon that is attached with a message.
   // It's generated from server for online messages to synchronize formatting
   // across client versions.
@@ -100,27 +88,6 @@
   // A FIFE URL of the item icon displayed in Discovery item list.
   String iconFifeUrl;
 
-  // Message written to bugreport for 3P developers.(No sensitive info)
-  // null if the item is valid
-  String debugMessage;
-
-  // Weather the item is filtered out on server.
-  int debugCategory;
-
-  // Client timestamp when the trigger (e.g. beacon) was last lost (e.g. when
-  // Messages told us the beacon's no longer nearby).
-  long lostMillis;
-
-  // The kind of experience the user last had with this (e.g. if they dismissed
-  // the notification, that's bad; but if they tapped it, that's good).
-  int lastUserExperience;
-
-  // The most recent BLE advertisement related to this item.
-  byte[] bleRecordBytes;
-
-  // An ID generated on the server to uniquely identify content.
-  String entityId;
-
   // Fast Pair antispoof key.
   byte[] authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequestParcel.aidl b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequestParcel.aidl
index 82cf550..59834b2 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequestParcel.aidl
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequestParcel.aidl
@@ -31,6 +31,4 @@
     int requestType;
     // Fast Pair account key-ed device metadata.
     FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadataParcel accountKeyDeviceMetadata;
-    // BLE address of the device at the device add time.
-    String bleAddress;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/IFastPairClient.aidl b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/IFastPairUiService.aidl
similarity index 79%
rename from nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/IFastPairClient.aidl
rename to nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/IFastPairUiService.aidl
index 4f666bc..9200a9d 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/IFastPairClient.aidl
+++ b/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/aidl/IFastPairUiService.aidl
@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@
  *
  * {@hide}
  */
-interface IFastPairClient {
+interface IFastPairUiService {
 
-    void registerHalfSheet(in IFastPairStatusCallback fastPairStatusCallback);
+    void registerCallback(in IFastPairStatusCallback fastPairStatusCallback);
 
-    void unregisterHalfSheet(in IFastPairStatusCallback fastPairStatusCallback);
+    void unregisterCallback(in IFastPairStatusCallback fastPairStatusCallback);
 
     void connect(in FastPairDevice fastPairDevice);
+
+    void cancel(in FastPairDevice fastPairDevice);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-as/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-as/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ff4946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-as/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"ছেটআপ আৰম্ভ কৰি থকা হৈছে…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"ডিভাইচ ছেট আপ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"ডিভাইচ সংযোগ কৰা হ’ল"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"সংযোগ কৰিব পৰা নগ’ল"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"হ’ল"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"ছেভ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"সংযোগ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"ছেট আপ কৰক"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"ছেটিং"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-az/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-az/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af499ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-az/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Ayarlama başladılır…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Cihazı quraşdırın"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Cihaz qoşulub"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Qoşulmaq mümkün olmadı"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Oldu"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Saxlayın"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Qoşun"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Ayarlayın"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Ayarlar"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eea6b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-b+sr+Latn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Podešavanje se pokreće…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Podesite uređaj"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Uređaj je povezan"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Povezivanje nije uspelo"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Gotovo"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Sačuvaj"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Poveži"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Podesi"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Podešavanja"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-bs/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-bs/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a3de8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-bs/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Pokretanje postavljanja…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Postavi uređaj"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Uređaj je povezan"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Povezivanje nije uspjelo"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Gotovo"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Spremi"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Poveži"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Postavi"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Postavke"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-de/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-de/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9186a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Einrichtung wird gestartet..."</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Gerät einrichten"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Gerät verbunden"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Verbindung nicht möglich"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Fertig"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Speichern"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Verbinden"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Einrichten"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Einstellungen"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4ed675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rAU/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Starting setup…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Set up device"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Device connected"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Couldn\'t connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Done"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Save"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Set up"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Settings"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4ed675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rCA/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Starting setup…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Set up device"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Device connected"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Couldn\'t connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Done"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Save"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Set up"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Settings"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4ed675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Starting setup…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Set up device"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Device connected"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Couldn\'t connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Done"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Save"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Set up"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Settings"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4ed675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rIN/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Starting setup…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Set up device"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Device connected"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Couldn\'t connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Done"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Save"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Connect"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Set up"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Settings"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..460cc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-en-rXC/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎Starting Setup…‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎Set up device‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎Device connected‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎Couldn\'t connect‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎Done‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎Save‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‎Connect‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‏‎‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‏‎‎‏‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‎Set up‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"‎‏‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‏‎‎‏‎‎‎‎‏‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‏‏‎‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‏‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‎‎‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‏‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‎‏‏‏‎‎Settings‎‏‎‎‏‎"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-gu/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-gu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03b057d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-gu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"સેટઅપ શરૂ કરી રહ્યાં છીએ…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"ડિવાઇસનું સેટઅપ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"ડિવાઇસ કનેક્ટ કર્યું"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"કનેક્ટ કરી શક્યા નથી"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"થઈ ગયું"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"સાચવો"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"કનેક્ટ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"સેટઅપ કરો"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"સેટિંગ"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-hi/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-hi/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecd420e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-hi/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"सेट अप शुरू किया जा रहा है…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"डिवाइस सेट अप करें"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"डिवाइस कनेक्ट हो गया"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"कनेक्ट नहीं किया जा सका"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"हो गया"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"सेव करें"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"कनेक्ट करें"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"सेट अप करें"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"सेटिंग"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-hr/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-hr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a3de8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-hr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Pokretanje postavljanja…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Postavi uređaj"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Uređaj je povezan"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Povezivanje nije uspjelo"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Gotovo"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Spremi"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Poveži"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Postavi"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Postavke"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-kn/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-kn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb62bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-kn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"ಸೆಟಪ್ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"ಸಾಧನವನ್ನು ಸೆಟಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"ಸಾಧನವನ್ನು ಕನೆಕ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"ಕನೆಕ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗಲಿಲ್ಲ"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"ಮುಗಿದಿದೆ"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"ಉಳಿಸಿ"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"ಕನೆಕ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"ಸೆಟಪ್ ಮಾಡಿ"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"ಸೆಟ್ಟಿಂಗ್‌ಗಳು"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-mk/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-mk/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e29dfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-mk/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Се започнува со поставување…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Поставете го уредот"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Уредот е поврзан"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Не може да се поврзе"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Готово"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Зачувај"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Поврзи"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Поставете"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Поставки"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ml/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ml/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbc171b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ml/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"സജ്ജീകരിക്കൽ ആരംഭിക്കുന്നു…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"ഉപകരണം സജ്ജീകരിക്കുക"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"ഉപകരണം കണക്റ്റ് ചെയ്‌തു"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"കണക്റ്റ് ചെയ്യാനായില്ല"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"പൂർത്തിയായി"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"സംരക്ഷിക്കുക"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"കണക്റ്റ് ചെയ്യുക"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"സജ്ജീകരിക്കുക"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"ക്രമീകരണം"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-mn/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-mn/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d21eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-mn/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Тохируулгыг эхлүүлж байна…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Төхөөрөмж тохируулах"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Төхөөрөмж холбогдсон"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Холбогдож чадсангүй"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Болсон"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Хадгалах"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Холбох"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Тохируулах"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Тохиргоо"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ms/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ms/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4835c1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ms/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Memulakan Persediaan…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Sediakan peranti"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Peranti disambungkan"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Tidak dapat menyambung"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Selesai"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Simpan"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Sambung"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Sediakan"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Tetapan"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ro/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ro/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b50f15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-ro/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Începe configurarea…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Configurați dispozitivul"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Dispozitivul s-a conectat"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Nu s-a putut conecta"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Gata"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Salvați"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Conectați"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Configurați"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Setări"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-sr/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-sr/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..094be03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-sr/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Подешавање се покреће…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Подесите уређај"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Уређај је повезан"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Повезивање није успело"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Готово"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Сачувај"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Повежи"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Подеси"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Подешавања"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-te/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-te/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87be145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-te/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"సెటప్ ప్రారంభమవుతోంది…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"పరికరాన్ని సెటప్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"పరికరం కనెక్ట్ చేయబడింది"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"కనెక్ట్ చేయడం సాధ్యపడలేదు"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"పూర్తయింది"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"సేవ్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"కనెక్ట్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"సెటప్ చేయండి"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"సెట్టింగ్‌లు"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-th/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-th/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc4296b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-th/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"กำลังเริ่มการตั้งค่า…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"ตั้งค่าอุปกรณ์"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"เชื่อมต่ออุปกรณ์แล้ว"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"เชื่อมต่อไม่ได้"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"เสร็จสิ้น"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"บันทึก"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"เชื่อมต่อ"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"ตั้งค่า"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"การตั้งค่า"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-tl/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-tl/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6de0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-tl/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Sinisimulan ang Pag-set Up…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"I-set up ang device"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Naikonekta na ang device"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Hindi makakonekta"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Tapos na"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"I-save"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Kumonekta"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"I-set up"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Mga Setting"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-zu/strings.xml b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-zu/strings.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33fb405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/res/values-zu/strings.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!-- 
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+   -->
+
+<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
+    <string name="fast_pair_setup_in_progress" msgid="4158762239172829807">"Iqalisa Ukusetha…"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_setup" msgid="2894360355540593246">"Setha idivayisi"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_device_ready" msgid="2903490346082833101">"Idivayisi ixhunyiwe"</string>
+    <string name="fast_pair_title_fail" msgid="5677174346601290232">"Ayikwazanga ukuxhuma"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_done" msgid="6888875159174470731">"Kwenziwe"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_save" msgid="6259357442067880136">"Londoloza"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_connect" msgid="4801102939608129181">"Xhuma"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_launch" msgid="8940808384126591230">"Setha"</string>
+    <string name="paring_action_settings" msgid="424875657242864302">"Amasethingi"</string>
+</resources>
diff --git a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairClient.java b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/FastPairUiServiceClient.java
similarity index 67%
rename from nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairClient.java
rename to nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/FastPairUiServiceClient.java
index dc70d71..bec0c0a 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/FastPairClient.java
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/FastPairUiServiceClient.java
@@ -14,53 +14,60 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.nearby;
+package com.android.nearby.halfsheet;
 
-import android.annotation.BinderThread;
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.nearby.aidl.IFastPairClient;
+import android.nearby.FastPairDevice;
+import android.nearby.FastPairStatusCallback;
+import android.nearby.PairStatusMetadata;
 import android.nearby.aidl.IFastPairStatusCallback;
+import android.nearby.aidl.IFastPairUiService;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import androidx.annotation.BinderThread;
+import androidx.annotation.UiThread;
+
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 
 /**
- * 0p API for controlling Fast Pair. It communicates between main thread and service.
+ *  A utility class for connecting to the {@link IFastPairUiService} and receive callbacks.
  *
  * @hide
  */
-public class FastPairClient {
+@UiThread
+public class FastPairUiServiceClient {
 
-    private static final String TAG = "FastPairClient";
+    private static final String TAG = "FastPairHalfSheet";
+
     private final IBinder mBinder;
     private final WeakReference<Context> mWeakContext;
-    IFastPairClient mFastPairClient;
+    IFastPairUiService mFastPairUiService;
     PairStatusCallbackIBinder mPairStatusCallbackIBinder;
 
     /**
      * The Ibinder instance should be from
-     * {@link com.android.server.nearby.fastpair.halfsheet.FastPairService} so that the client can
+     * {@link com.android.server.nearby.fastpair.halfsheet.FastPairUiServiceImpl} so that the client can
      * talk with the service.
      */
-    public FastPairClient(Context context, IBinder binder) {
+    public FastPairUiServiceClient(Context context, IBinder binder) {
         mBinder = binder;
-        mFastPairClient = IFastPairClient.Stub.asInterface(mBinder);
+        mFastPairUiService = IFastPairUiService.Stub.asInterface(mBinder);
         mWeakContext = new WeakReference<>(context);
     }
 
     /**
      * Registers a callback at service to get UI updates.
      */
-    public void registerHalfSheet(FastPairStatusCallback fastPairStatusCallback) {
+    public void registerHalfSheetStateCallBack(FastPairStatusCallback fastPairStatusCallback) {
         if (mPairStatusCallbackIBinder != null) {
             return;
         }
         mPairStatusCallbackIBinder = new PairStatusCallbackIBinder(fastPairStatusCallback);
         try {
-            mFastPairClient.registerHalfSheet(mPairStatusCallbackIBinder);
+            mFastPairUiService.registerCallback(mPairStatusCallbackIBinder);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Failed to register fastPairStatusCallback", e);
         }
@@ -71,7 +78,18 @@
      */
     public void connect(FastPairDevice fastPairDevice) {
         try {
-            mFastPairClient.connect(fastPairDevice);
+            mFastPairUiService.connect(fastPairDevice);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Failed to connect Fast Pair device" + fastPairDevice, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancels Fast Pair connection and dismisses half sheet.
+     */
+    public void cancel(FastPairDevice fastPairDevice) {
+        try {
+            mFastPairUiService.cancel(fastPairDevice);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "Failed to connect Fast Pair device" + fastPairDevice, e);
         }
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/HalfSheetActivity.java b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/HalfSheetActivity.java
index 9507b9b..2a38b8a 100644
--- a/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/HalfSheetActivity.java
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/HalfSheetActivity.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
  */
 public class HalfSheetActivity extends FragmentActivity {
 
-    public static final String TAG = "HalfSheetActivity";
+    public static final String TAG = "FastPairHalfSheet";
 
     public static final String EXTRA_HALF_SHEET_CONTENT =
             "com.android.nearby.halfsheet.HALF_SHEET_CONTENT";
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/fragment/DevicePairingFragment.java b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/fragment/DevicePairingFragment.java
index a62c8cc..320965b 100644
--- a/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/fragment/DevicePairingFragment.java
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/fragment/DevicePairingFragment.java
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 import android.content.Intent;
 import android.content.res.Configuration;
 import android.graphics.Bitmap;
-import android.nearby.FastPairClient;
 import android.nearby.FastPairDevice;
 import android.nearby.FastPairStatusCallback;
 import android.nearby.NearbyDevice;
@@ -58,6 +57,7 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.nearby.halfsheet.FastPairUiServiceClient;
 import com.android.nearby.halfsheet.HalfSheetActivity;
 import com.android.nearby.halfsheet.R;
 import com.android.nearby.halfsheet.utils.FastPairUtils;
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     private Bundle mBundle;
 
     private ScanFastPairStoreItem mScanFastPairStoreItem;
-    private FastPairClient mFastPairClient;
+    private FastPairUiServiceClient mFastPairUiServiceClient;
 
     private @PairStatusMetadata.Status int mPairStatus = PairStatusMetadata.Status.UNKNOWN;
     // True when there is a companion app to open.
@@ -179,8 +179,9 @@
         byte[] storeFastPairItemBytesArray = args.getByteArray(EXTRA_HALF_SHEET_INFO);
         mBundle = args.getBundle(EXTRA_BUNDLE);
         if (mBundle != null) {
-            mFastPairClient = new FastPairClient(getContext(), mBundle.getBinder(EXTRA_BINDER));
-            mFastPairClient.registerHalfSheet(this);
+            mFastPairUiServiceClient =
+                    new FastPairUiServiceClient(getContext(), mBundle.getBinder(EXTRA_BINDER));
+            mFastPairUiServiceClient.registerHalfSheetStateCallBack(this);
         }
         if (args.containsKey(ARG_FRAGMENT_STATE)) {
             mFragmentState = (HalfSheetFragmentState) args.getSerializable(ARG_FRAGMENT_STATE);
@@ -293,7 +294,7 @@
         }
         mIsConnecting = true;
         invalidateState();
-        mFastPairClient.connect(
+        mFastPairUiServiceClient.connect(
                 new FastPairDevice.Builder()
                         .addMedium(NearbyDevice.Medium.BLE)
                         .setBluetoothAddress(mScanFastPairStoreItem.getAddress())
diff --git a/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/utils/FastPairUtils.java b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/utils/FastPairUtils.java
index 903ea90..00a365c 100644
--- a/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/utils/FastPairUtils.java
+++ b/nearby/halfsheet/src/com/android/nearby/halfsheet/utils/FastPairUtils.java
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@
                 .setId(item.getModelId())
                 .setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(item.getFirstObservationTimestampMillis())
                 .setLastObservationTimestampMillis(item.getLastObservationTimestampMillis())
-                .setType(Cache.NearbyType.NEARBY_DEVICE)
                 .setActionUrl(item.getActionUrl())
                 .setActionUrlType(Cache.ResolvedUrlType.APP)
                 .setTitle(
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtils.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtils.java
index 321e125..eec52ad 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtils.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtils.java
@@ -23,12 +23,19 @@
  * square of the frequency of the propagation signal.
  */
 public final class RangingUtils {
-    /*
-     * Key to variable names used in this class (viz. Physics):
+    private static final int MAX_RSSI_VALUE = 126;
+    private static final int MIN_RSSI_VALUE = -127;
+
+    private RangingUtils() {
+    }
+
+    /* This was original derived in {@link com.google.android.gms.beacon.util.RangingUtils} from
+     * <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss">Free-space_path_loss</a>.
+     * Duplicated here for easy reference.
      *
      * c   = speed of light (2.9979 x 10^8 m/s);
      * f   = frequency (Bluetooth center frequency is 2.44175GHz = 2.44175x10^9 Hz);
-     * l   = wavelength (meters);
+     * l   = wavelength (in meters);
      * d   = distance (from transmitter to receiver in meters);
      * dB  = decibels
      * dBm = decibel milliwatts
@@ -40,124 +47,115 @@
      *
      * FSPL      = (4 * pi * d / l)^2 = (4 * pi * d * f / c)^2
      *
-     * FSPL (dB) = 10*log10((4 * pi * d * f / c)^2)
-     *           = 20*log10(4 * pi * d * f / c)
-     *           = 20*log10(d) + 20*log10(f) + 20*log10(4*pi/c)
+     * FSPL (dB) = 10 * log10((4 * pi * d  * f / c)^2)
+     *           = 20 * log10(4 * pi * d * f / c)
+     *           = (20 * log10(d)) + (20 * log10(f)) + (20 * log10(4 * pi/c))
      *
      * Calculating constants:
      *
-     * FSPL_FREQ        = 20*log10(f)
-     *                  = 20*log10(2.44175 * 10^9)
+     * FSPL_FREQ        = 20 * log10(f)
+     *                  = 20 * log10(2.44175 * 10^9)
      *                  = 187.75
      *
-     * FSPL_LIGHT       = 20*log10(4*pi/c)
-     *                  = 20*log10(4*pi/(2.9979*10^8))
+     * FSPL_LIGHT       = 20 * log10(4 * pi/c)
+     *                  = 20 * log10(4 * pi/(2.9979 * 10^8))
+     *                  = 20 * log10(4 * pi/(2.9979 * 10^8))
+     *                  = 20 * log10(41.9172441s * 10^-9)
      *                  = -147.55
      *
-     * FSPL_DISTANCE_1M = 20*log10(1m)
+     * FSPL_DISTANCE_1M = 20 * log10(1)
      *                  = 0
      *
      * PATH_LOSS_AT_1M  = FSPL_DISTANCE_1M + FSPL_FREQ + FSPL_LIGHT
-     *                  = 0                + 187.75    + (-147.55)
-     *                  = 40.20 [round to 41]
+     *                  =       0          + 187.75    + (-147.55)
+     *                  = 40.20db [round to 41db]
      *
-     * Note that PATH_LOSS_AT_1M is rounded to 41 instead to the more natural 40. The first version
-     * of this file had a typo that caused the value to be close to 41; when this was discovered,
-     * the value 41 was already used in many places, and it was more important to be consistent
-     * rather than exact.
-     *
-     * Given this we can work out a formula for distance from a given RSSI (received signal strength
-     * indicator) and a given value for the expected strength at one meter from the beacon (aka
-     * calibrated transmission power). Both values are in dBm.
-     *
-     * FSPL = 20*log10(d) + PATH_LOSS_AT_1M = full_power - RSSI
-     *        20*log10(d) + PATH_LOSS_AT_1M = power_at_1m + PATH_LOSS_AT_1M - RSSI
-     *        20*log10(d)                   = power_at_1m - RSSI
-     *           log10(d)                   = (power_at_1m - RSSI) / 20
-     *                 d                    = 10 ^ ((power_at_1m - RSSI) / 20)
-     *
-     * Note: because of how logarithms work, units get a bit funny. If you take a two values x and y
-     * whose units are dBm, the value of x - y has units of dB, not dBm. Similarly, if x is dBm and
-     * y is in dB, then x - y will be in dBm.
+     * Note: Rounding up makes us "closer" and makes us more aggressive at showing notifications.
      */
-
-    /* (dBm) PATH_LOSS at 1m for isotropic antenna transmitting BLE */
-    public static final int PATH_LOSS_AT_1M = 41;
-
-    /** Different region categories, based on distance range. */
-    public static final class Region {
-
-        public static final int UNKNOWN = -1;
-        public static final int NEAR = 0;
-        public static final int MID = 1;
-        public static final int FAR = 2;
-
-        private Region() {}
-    }
-
-    // Cutoff distances between different regions.
-    public static final double NEAR_TO_MID_METERS = 0.5;
-    public static final double MID_TO_FAR_METERS = 2.0;
-
-    public static final int DEFAULT_CALIBRATED_TX_POWER = -77;
-
-    private RangingUtils() {}
+    private static final int RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M = 41;
 
     /**
-     * Convert RSSI to path loss using the free space path loss equation. See <a
-     * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss">Free-space_path_loss</a>
+     * Convert target distance and txPower to a RSSI value using the Log-distance path loss model
+     * with Path Loss at 1m of 41db.
      *
-     * @param rssi Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) in dBm
-     * @param calibratedTxPower the calibrated power of the transmitter (dBm) at 1 meter
-     * @return The calculated path loss.
+     * @return RSSI expected at distanceInMeters with device broadcasting at txPower.
      */
-    public static int pathLossFromRssi(int rssi, int calibratedTxPower) {
-        return calibratedTxPower + PATH_LOSS_AT_1M - rssi;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convert RSSI to distance using the free space path loss equation. See <a
-     * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss">Free-space_path_loss</a>
-     *
-     * @param rssi Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) in dBm
-     * @param calibratedTxPower the calibrated power of the transmitter (dBm) at 1 meter
-     * @return the distance at which that rssi value would occur in meters
-     */
-    public static double distanceFromRssi(int rssi, int calibratedTxPower) {
-        return Math.pow(10, (calibratedTxPower - rssi) / 20.0);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Determine the region of a beacon given its perceived distance.
-     *
-     * @param distance The measured distance in meters.
-     * @return the region as one of the constants in {@link Region}.
-     */
-    public static int regionFromDistance(double distance) {
-        if (distance < 0) {
-            return Region.UNKNOWN;
-        }
-        if (distance <= NEAR_TO_MID_METERS) {
-            return Region.NEAR;
-        }
-        if (distance <= MID_TO_FAR_METERS) {
-            return Region.MID;
-        }
-        return Region.FAR;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Convert distance to RSSI using the free space path loss equation. See <a
-     * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_path_loss">Free-space_path_loss</a>
-     *
-     * @param distanceInMeters distance in meters (m)
-     * @param calibratedTxPower transmitted power (dBm) calibrated to 1 meter
-     * @return the rssi (dBm) that would be measured at that distance
-     */
-    public static int rssiFromDistance(double distanceInMeters, int calibratedTxPower) {
+    public static int rssiFromTargetDistance(double distanceInMeters, int txPower) {
+        /*
+         * See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-distance_path_loss_model">
+         * Log-distance path loss model</a>.
+         *
+         * PL      = total path loss in db
+         * txPower = TxPower in dbm
+         * rssi    = Received signal strength in dbm
+         * PL_0    = Path loss at reference distance d_0 {@link RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M} dbm
+         * d       = length of path
+         * d_0     = reference distance  (1 m)
+         * gamma   = path loss exponent (2 in free space)
+         *
+         * Log-distance path loss (LDPL) formula:
+         *
+         * PL = txPower - rssi =                   PL_0          + 10 * gamma  * log_10(d / d_0)
+         *      txPower - rssi =            RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M + 10 * 2 * log_10
+         * (distanceInMeters / 1)
+         *              - rssi = -txPower + RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M + 20 * log_10(distanceInMeters)
+         *                rssi =  txPower - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M - 20 * log_10(distanceInMeters)
+         */
+        txPower = adjustPower(txPower);
         return distanceInMeters == 0
-                ? calibratedTxPower + PATH_LOSS_AT_1M
-                : (int) (calibratedTxPower - (20 * Math.log10(distanceInMeters)));
+                ? txPower
+                : (int) Math.floor((txPower - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M)
+                        - 20 * Math.log10(distanceInMeters));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert RSSI and txPower to a distance value using the Log-distance path loss model with Path
+     * Loss at 1m of 41db.
+     *
+     * @return distance in meters with device broadcasting at txPower and given RSSI.
+     */
+    public static double distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(int rssi, int txPower) {
+        /*
+         * See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-distance_path_loss_model">Log-distance
+         * path
+         * loss model</a>.
+         *
+         * PL      = total path loss in db
+         * txPower = TxPower in dbm
+         * rssi    = Received signal strength in dbm
+         * PL_0    = Path loss at reference distance d_0 {@link RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M} dbm
+         * d       = length of path
+         * d_0     = reference distance  (1 m)
+         * gamma   = path loss exponent (2 in free space)
+         *
+         * Log-distance path loss (LDPL) formula:
+         *
+         * PL =    txPower - rssi                               = PL_0 + 10 * gamma  * log_10(d /
+         *  d_0)
+         *         txPower - rssi               = RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M + 10 * gamma  * log_10(d /
+         *  d_0)
+         *         txPower - rssi - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M        = 10 * 2 * log_10
+         * (distanceInMeters / 1)
+         *         txPower - rssi - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M        = 20 * log_10(distanceInMeters / 1)
+         *        (txPower - rssi - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M) / 20  = log_10(distanceInMeters)
+         *  10 ^ ((txPower - rssi - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M) / 20) = distanceInMeters
+         */
+        txPower = adjustPower(txPower);
+        rssi = adjustPower(rssi);
+        return Math.pow(10, (txPower - rssi - RSSI_DROP_OFF_AT_1_M) / 20.0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prevents the power from becoming too large or too small.
+     */
+    private static int adjustPower(int power) {
+        if (power > MAX_RSSI_VALUE) {
+            return MAX_RSSI_VALUE;
+        }
+        if (power < MIN_RSSI_VALUE) {
+            return MIN_RSSI_VALUE;
+        }
+        return power;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandler.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandler.java
index b175234..4de4cee 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandler.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandler.java
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
 import android.nearby.NearbyDevice;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.ble.decode.FastPairDecoder;
+import com.android.server.nearby.common.ble.util.RangingUtils;
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.bloomfilter.BloomFilter;
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.bloomfilter.FastPairBloomFilterHasher;
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.locator.Locator;
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@
     String mBleAddress;
     // Need to be deleted after notification manager in use.
     private boolean mIsFirst = false;
+    private FastPairDataProvider mPairDataProvider;
+    private static final double NEARBY_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD = 0.6;
 
     /** The types about how the bloomfilter is processed. */
     public enum ProcessBloomFilterType {
@@ -68,6 +72,12 @@
         mContext = context;
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    FastPairAdvHandler(Context context, FastPairDataProvider dataProvider) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mPairDataProvider = dataProvider;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Handles all of the scanner result. Fast Pair will handle model id broadcast bloomfilter
      * broadcast and battery level broadcast.
@@ -75,23 +85,32 @@
     public void handleBroadcast(NearbyDevice device) {
         FastPairDevice fastPairDevice = (FastPairDevice) device;
         mBleAddress = fastPairDevice.getBluetoothAddress();
-        FastPairDataProvider dataProvider = FastPairDataProvider.getInstance();
-        if (dataProvider == null) {
+        if (mPairDataProvider == null) {
+            mPairDataProvider = FastPairDataProvider.getInstance();
+        }
+        if (mPairDataProvider == null) {
             return;
         }
-        List<Account> accountList = dataProvider.loadFastPairEligibleAccounts();
+        List<Account> accountList = mPairDataProvider.loadFastPairEligibleAccounts();
         if (FastPairDecoder.checkModelId(fastPairDevice.getData())) {
             byte[] model = FastPairDecoder.getModelId(fastPairDevice.getData());
             Log.d(TAG, "On discovery model id " + Hex.bytesToStringLowercase(model));
             // Use api to get anti spoofing key from model id.
             try {
                 Rpcs.GetObservedDeviceResponse response =
-                        dataProvider.loadFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(model);
+                        mPairDataProvider.loadFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(model);
                 if (response == null) {
                     Log.e(TAG, "server does not have model id "
                             + Hex.bytesToStringLowercase(model));
                     return;
                 }
+                // Check the distance of the device if the distance is larger than the threshold
+                // do not show half sheet.
+                if (!isNearby(fastPairDevice.getRssi(),
+                        response.getDevice().getBleTxPower() == 0 ? fastPairDevice.getTxPower()
+                                : response.getDevice().getBleTxPower())) {
+                    return;
+                }
                 Locator.get(mContext, FastPairHalfSheetManager.class).showHalfSheet(
                         DataUtils.toScanFastPairStoreItem(
                                 response, mBleAddress,
@@ -111,7 +130,7 @@
                 }
                 for (Account account : accountList) {
                     List<Data.FastPairDeviceWithAccountKey> listDevices =
-                            dataProvider.loadFastPairDeviceWithAccountKey(account);
+                            mPairDataProvider.loadFastPairDeviceWithAccountKey(account);
                     Data.FastPairDeviceWithAccountKey recognizedDevice =
                             findRecognizedDevice(listDevices,
                                     new BloomFilter(bloomFilterByteArray,
@@ -120,6 +139,15 @@
                     if (recognizedDevice != null) {
                         Log.d(TAG, "find matched device show notification to remind"
                                 + " user to pair");
+                        // Check the distance of the device if the distance is larger than the
+                        // threshold
+                        // do not show half sheet.
+                        if (!isNearby(fastPairDevice.getRssi(),
+                                recognizedDevice.getDiscoveryItem().getTxPower() == 0
+                                        ? fastPairDevice.getTxPower()
+                                        : recognizedDevice.getDiscoveryItem().getTxPower())) {
+                            return;
+                        }
                         // Check if the device is already paired
                         List<Cache.StoredFastPairItem> storedFastPairItemList =
                                 Locator.get(mContext, FastPairCacheManager.class)
@@ -141,8 +169,9 @@
                                 // Get full info from api the initial request will only return
                                 // part of the info due to size limit.
                                 List<Data.FastPairDeviceWithAccountKey> resList =
-                                        dataProvider.loadFastPairDeviceWithAccountKey(account,
-                                        List.of(recognizedDevice.getAccountKey().toByteArray()));
+                                        mPairDataProvider.loadFastPairDeviceWithAccountKey(account,
+                                                List.of(recognizedDevice.getAccountKey()
+                                                        .toByteArray()));
                                 if (resList != null && resList.size() > 0) {
                                     //Saved device from footprint does not have ble address so
                                     // fill ble address with current scan result.
@@ -154,7 +183,7 @@
                                     Locator.get(mContext, FastPairController.class).pair(
                                             new DiscoveryItem(mContext, storedDiscoveryItem),
                                             resList.get(0).getAccountKey().toByteArray(),
-                                            /** companionApp=*/ null);
+                                            /** companionApp=*/null);
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -212,4 +241,11 @@
         return null;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check the device distance for certain rssi value.
+     */
+    boolean isNearby(int rssi, int txPower) {
+        return RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(rssi, txPower) < NEARBY_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD;
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairManager.java
index 16c04de..2d7cba9 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairManager.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairManager.java
@@ -103,8 +103,9 @@
     private final BroadcastReceiver mScreenBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
         @Override
         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-            if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON)) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "onReceive: ACTION_SCREEN_ON.");
+            if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON)
+                    || intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED)) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "onReceive: ACTION_SCREEN_ON or boot complete.");
                 invalidateScan();
             } else if (intent.getAction().equals(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED)) {
                 processBluetoothConnectionEvent(intent);
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@
         mIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON);
         mIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF);
         mIntentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
+        mIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED);
 
         mLocatorContextWrapper.getContext()
                 .registerReceiver(mScreenBroadcastReceiver, mIntentFilter);
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/DiscoveryItem.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/DiscoveryItem.java
index b8a9796..6065f99 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/DiscoveryItem.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/cache/DiscoveryItem.java
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
  */
 public class DiscoveryItem implements Comparable<DiscoveryItem> {
 
-    private static final String  ACTION_FAST_PAIR =
+    private static final String ACTION_FAST_PAIR =
             "com.android.server.nearby:ACTION_FAST_PAIR";
     private static final int BEACON_STALENESS_MILLIS = 120000;
     private static final int ITEM_EXPIRATION_MILLIS = 20000;
@@ -66,14 +66,15 @@
             Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.State.STATE_DISABLED_BY_SYSTEM_VALUE
     })
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
-    public @interface ItemState {}
+    public @interface ItemState {
+    }
 
     public DiscoveryItem(LocatorContextWrapper locatorContextWrapper,
             Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem mStoredDiscoveryItem) {
         this.mFastPairCacheManager =
                 locatorContextWrapper.getLocator().get(FastPairCacheManager.class);
         this.mClock =
-            locatorContextWrapper.getLocator().get(Clock.class);
+                locatorContextWrapper.getLocator().get(Clock.class);
         this.mStoredDiscoveryItem = mStoredDiscoveryItem;
     }
 
@@ -91,23 +92,6 @@
         return storedDiscoveryItem.build();
     }
 
-    /** @return True if the item is currently nearby. */
-    public boolean isNearby() {
-        return isNearby(mStoredDiscoveryItem, mClock.millis());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the item is Nearby
-     */
-    static boolean isNearby(Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem item, long currentTimeMillis) {
-        // A notification may disappear early, if we get a lost callback from Messages.
-        // But regardless, if we haven't detected the thing in Xmin, consider it gone.
-        return !isLost(item)
-                && !isExpired(
-                currentTimeMillis,
-                item.getLastObservationTimestampMillis());
-    }
-
     /**
      * Checks if store discovery item support fast pair or not.
      */
@@ -122,28 +106,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the pairing result to done.
-     */
-    public void setPairingProcessDone(boolean success) {
-        setLastUserExperience(success ? Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType.EXPERIENCE_GOOD
-                : Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType.EXPERIENCE_BAD);
-        setLostMillis(mClock.millis());
-        Log.d("FastPairDiscovery",
-                "FastPair: set Lost when pairing process done, " + getId());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the store discovery item lost time.
-     */
-    public void setLostMillis(long lostMillis) {
-        mStoredDiscoveryItem = mStoredDiscoveryItem.toBuilder().setLostMillis(lostMillis).build();
-
-        mStoredDiscoveryItem = mStoredDiscoveryItem.toBuilder().clearRssi().build();
-
-        mFastPairCacheManager.saveDiscoveryItem(this);
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Sets the store discovery item mac address.
      */
     public void setMacAddress(String address) {
@@ -153,28 +115,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets the user experience to be good or bad.
-     */
-    public void setLastUserExperience(Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType experienceType) {
-        mStoredDiscoveryItem = mStoredDiscoveryItem.toBuilder()
-                .setLastUserExperience(experienceType).build();
-        mFastPairCacheManager.saveDiscoveryItem(this);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Gets the user experience to be good or bad.
-     */
-    public Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType getLastUserExperience() {
-        return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getLastUserExperience();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the item is lost.
-     */
-    private static boolean isLost(Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem item) {
-        return item.getLastObservationTimestampMillis() <= item.getLostMillis();
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Checks if the item is expired. Expired items are those over getItemExpirationMillis() eg. 2
      * minutes
      */
@@ -224,39 +164,16 @@
 
     /** Checks if the item has enough data to be shown */
     public boolean isReadyForDisplay() {
-        if (isOffline()) {
-            return true;
-        }
         boolean hasUrlOrPopularApp = !mStoredDiscoveryItem.getActionUrl().isEmpty();
 
         return !TextUtils.isEmpty(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getTitle()) && hasUrlOrPopularApp;
     }
 
-    /** Checks if the item has server error */
-    public boolean isDisabledByServer() {
-        return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getDebugCategory()
-                == Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.DebugMessageCategory.STATUS_DISABLED_BY_SERVER;
-    }
-
-    private boolean isOffline() {
-        return isOfflineType(getType());
-    }
-
-    /** Checks if the item can be generated on client side. */
-    private static boolean isOfflineType(Cache.NearbyType type) {
-        return type == Cache.NearbyType.NEARBY_CHROMECAST || type == Cache.NearbyType.NEARBY_WEAR;
-    }
-
     /** Checks if the action url is app install */
     public boolean isApp() {
         return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getActionUrlType() == Cache.ResolvedUrlType.APP;
     }
 
-    /** Checks if it's device item. e.g. Chromecast / Wear */
-    public boolean isDevice() {
-        return isDeviceType(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getType());
-    }
-
     /** Returns true if an item is muted, or if state is unavailable. */
     public boolean isMuted() {
         return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getState() != Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.State.STATE_ENABLED;
@@ -293,25 +210,16 @@
 
     /** Gets hash code of UI related data so we can collapse identical items. */
     public int getUiHashCode() {
-        switch (mStoredDiscoveryItem.getType()) {
-            case NEARBY_CHROMECAST:
-            case NEARBY_WEAR:
-                // For the special-case device types, show one item per type.
-                return Objects.hashCode(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getType());
-            case NEARBY_DEVICE:
-            case NEARBY_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
-            default:
-                return Objects.hash(
-                        mStoredDiscoveryItem.getType(),
+        return Objects.hash(
                         mStoredDiscoveryItem.getTitle(),
                         mStoredDiscoveryItem.getDescription(),
                         mStoredDiscoveryItem.getAppName(),
                         mStoredDiscoveryItem.getDisplayUrl(),
                         mStoredDiscoveryItem.getMacAddress());
-        }
     }
 
     // Getters below
+
     /**
      * Returns the id of store discovery item.
      */
@@ -321,14 +229,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the type of store discovery item.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public Cache.NearbyType getType() {
-        return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getType();
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Returns the title of discovery item.
      */
     @Nullable
@@ -376,7 +276,7 @@
         Intent intent = parseIntentScheme(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getActionUrl());
         if (intent == null) {
             Log.d("FastPairDiscoveryItem", "FastPair: fail to parse action url "
-                            + mStoredDiscoveryItem.getActionUrl());
+                    + mStoredDiscoveryItem.getActionUrl());
             return null;
         }
         return intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA_FAST_PAIR_SECRET);
@@ -407,15 +307,6 @@
         return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getPackageName();
     }
 
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the feature graph url of discovery item.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    private String getHeroImage() {
-        return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getFeatureGraphicUrl();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Returns the action url of discovery item.
      */
@@ -433,14 +324,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the ble record of discovery item.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public byte[] getBleRecordBytes() {
-        return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getBleRecordBytes().toByteArray();
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Returns the TX power of discovery item.
      */
     @Nullable
@@ -472,7 +355,7 @@
     @Nullable
     public Double getEstimatedDistance() {
         // In the future, we may want to do a foreground subscription to leverage onDistanceChanged.
-        return RangingUtils.distanceFromRssi(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getRssi(),
+        return RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getRssi(),
                 mStoredDiscoveryItem.getTxPower());
     }
 
@@ -501,15 +384,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Gets group id of storedDiscoveryItem.
-     */
-    @Nullable
-    public String getGroupId() {
-        return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getGroupId();
-    }
-
-
-    /**
      * Compares this object to the specified object: 1. By device type. Device setups are 'greater
      * than' beacons. 2. By relevance. More relevant items are 'greater than' less relevant items.
      * 3.By distance. Nearer items are 'greater than' further items.
@@ -518,10 +392,6 @@
      */
     @Override
     public int compareTo(DiscoveryItem another) {
-        if (getType() != another.getType()) {
-            // For device type v.s. beacon type, rank device item higher.
-            return isDevice() ? 1 : -1;
-        }
         // For items of the same relevance, compare distance.
         Double distance1 = getEstimatedDistance();
         Double distance2 = another.getEstimatedDistance();
@@ -531,12 +401,6 @@
         return -distance1.compareTo(distance2);
     }
 
-
-    public Integer getTriggerIdAttachmentTypeHash() {
-        return Objects.hash(mStoredDiscoveryItem.getTriggerId(),
-                mStoredDiscoveryItem.getAttachmentType());
-    }
-
     @Nullable
     public String getTriggerId() {
         return mStoredDiscoveryItem.getTriggerId();
@@ -558,9 +422,7 @@
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return String.format(
-                "[type=%s], [triggerId=%s], [id=%s], [title=%s], [url=%s], "
-                        + "[ready=%s], [macAddress=%s]",
-                getType().name(),
+                "[triggerId=%s], [id=%s], [title=%s], [url=%s], [ready=%s], [macAddress=%s]",
                 getTriggerId(),
                 getId(),
                 getTitle(),
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairHalfSheetManager.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairHalfSheetManager.java
index 6f79e6e..553d5ce 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairHalfSheetManager.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairHalfSheetManager.java
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     private String mHalfSheetApkPkgName;
     private final LocatorContextWrapper mLocatorContextWrapper;
 
-    FastPairService mFastPairService;
+    FastPairUiServiceImpl mFastPairUiService;
 
     public FastPairHalfSheetManager(Context context) {
         this(new LocatorContextWrapper(context));
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     FastPairHalfSheetManager(LocatorContextWrapper locatorContextWrapper) {
         mLocatorContextWrapper = locatorContextWrapper;
-        mFastPairService = new FastPairService();
+        mFastPairUiService = new FastPairUiServiceImpl();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -83,10 +83,10 @@
                     Log.e(TAG, "package name is null");
                     return;
                 }
-                mFastPairService.setFastPairController(
+                mFastPairUiService.setFastPairController(
                         mLocatorContextWrapper.getLocator().get(FastPairController.class));
                 Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
-                bundle.putBinder(EXTRA_BINDER, mFastPairService);
+                bundle.putBinder(EXTRA_BINDER, mFastPairUiService);
                 mLocatorContextWrapper
                         .startActivityAsUser(new Intent(ACTIVITY_INTENT_ACTION)
                                         .putExtra(EXTRA_HALF_SHEET_INFO,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
      * Shows pairing fail half sheet.
      */
     public void showPairingFailed() {
-        FastPairStatusCallback pairStatusCallback = mFastPairService.getPairStatusCallback();
+        FastPairStatusCallback pairStatusCallback = mFastPairUiService.getPairStatusCallback();
         if (pairStatusCallback != null) {
             Log.v(TAG, "showPairingFailed: pairStatusCallback not NULL");
             pairStatusCallback.onPairUpdate(new FastPairDevice.Builder().build(),
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
      * Shows pairing success info.
      */
     public void showPairingSuccessHalfSheet(String address) {
-        FastPairStatusCallback pairStatusCallback = mFastPairService.getPairStatusCallback();
+        FastPairStatusCallback pairStatusCallback = mFastPairUiService.getPairStatusCallback();
         if (pairStatusCallback != null) {
             pairStatusCallback.onPairUpdate(
                     new FastPairDevice.Builder().setBluetoothAddress(address).build(),
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairService.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairUiServiceImpl.java
similarity index 86%
rename from nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairService.java
rename to nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairUiServiceImpl.java
index 76eabbf..3bd273e 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairService.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/halfsheet/FastPairUiServiceImpl.java
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 import android.nearby.FastPairDevice;
 import android.nearby.FastPairStatusCallback;
 import android.nearby.PairStatusMetadata;
-import android.nearby.aidl.IFastPairClient;
 import android.nearby.aidl.IFastPairStatusCallback;
+import android.nearby.aidl.IFastPairUiService;
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-public class FastPairService extends IFastPairClient.Stub {
+public class FastPairUiServiceImpl extends IFastPairUiService.Stub {
 
     private IBinder mStatusCallbackProxy;
     private FastPairController mFastPairController;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
      * in the server.
      */
     @Override
-    public void registerHalfSheet(IFastPairStatusCallback iFastPairStatusCallback) {
+    public void registerCallback(IFastPairStatusCallback iFastPairStatusCallback) {
         mStatusCallbackProxy = iFastPairStatusCallback.asBinder();
         mFastPairStatusCallback = new FastPairStatusCallback() {
             @Override
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
      * Unregisters the Binder call back in the server.
      */
     @Override
-    public void unregisterHalfSheet(IFastPairStatusCallback iFastPairStatusCallback) {
+    public void unregisterCallback(IFastPairStatusCallback iFastPairStatusCallback) {
         mStatusCallbackProxy = null;
         mFastPairStatusCallback = null;
     }
@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Cancels Fast Pair connection and dismisses half sheet.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void cancel(FastPairDevice fastPairDevice) {
+    }
+
     public FastPairStatusCallback getPairStatusCallback() {
         return mFastPairStatusCallback;
     }
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/Utils.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/Utils.java
index 22e31cd..0f1c567 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/Utils.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/provider/Utils.java
@@ -79,31 +79,11 @@
                 if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.appName != null) {
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setAppName(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.appName);
                 }
-                Cache.DiscoveryAttachmentType attachmentType =
-                        Cache.DiscoveryAttachmentType.forNumber(
-                                metadataParcel.discoveryItem.attachmentType);
-                if (attachmentType != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setAttachmentType(attachmentType);
-                }
                 if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1 != null) {
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256R1(
                             ByteString.copyFrom(
                                     metadataParcel.discoveryItem.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1));
                 }
-                if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.bleRecordBytes != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setBleRecordBytes(
-                            ByteString.copyFrom(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.bleRecordBytes));
-                }
-                Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.DebugMessageCategory debugMessageCategory =
-                        Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.DebugMessageCategory.forNumber(
-                                metadataParcel.discoveryItem.debugCategory);
-                if (debugMessageCategory != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDebugCategory(debugMessageCategory);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.debugMessage != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDebugMessage(
-                            metadataParcel.discoveryItem.debugMessage);
-                }
                 if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.description != null) {
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDescription(
                             metadataParcel.discoveryItem.description);
@@ -116,19 +96,8 @@
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDisplayUrl(
                             metadataParcel.discoveryItem.displayUrl);
                 }
-                if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.entityId != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setEntityId(
-                            metadataParcel.discoveryItem.entityId);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.featureGraphicUrl != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setFeatureGraphicUrl(
-                            metadataParcel.discoveryItem.featureGraphicUrl);
-                }
                 storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(
                         metadataParcel.discoveryItem.firstObservationTimestampMillis);
-                if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.groupId != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setGroupId(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.groupId);
-                }
                 if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.iconFifeUrl != null) {
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setIconFifeUrl(
                             metadataParcel.discoveryItem.iconFifeUrl);
@@ -142,13 +111,6 @@
                 }
                 storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setLastObservationTimestampMillis(
                         metadataParcel.discoveryItem.lastObservationTimestampMillis);
-                Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType experienceType =
-                        Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType.forNumber(
-                                metadataParcel.discoveryItem.lastUserExperience);
-                if (experienceType != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setLastUserExperience(experienceType);
-                }
-                storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setLostMillis(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.lostMillis);
                 if (metadataParcel.discoveryItem.macAddress != null) {
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setMacAddress(
                             metadataParcel.discoveryItem.macAddress);
@@ -173,30 +135,9 @@
                     storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setTriggerId(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.triggerId);
                 }
                 storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setTxPower(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.txPower);
-                Cache.NearbyType type =
-                        Cache.NearbyType.forNumber(metadataParcel.discoveryItem.type);
-                if (type != null) {
-                    storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setType(type);
-                }
             }
             if (metadataParcel.metadata != null) {
                 FastPairStrings.Builder stringsBuilder = FastPairStrings.newBuilder();
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.assistantSetupHalfSheet != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setAssistantHalfSheetDescription(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.assistantSetupHalfSheet);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.assistantSetupNotification != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setAssistantNotificationDescription(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.assistantSetupNotification);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.confirmPinDescription != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setConfirmPinDescription(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.confirmPinDescription);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.confirmPinTitle != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setConfirmPinTitle(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.confirmPinTitle);
-                }
                 if (metadataParcel.metadata.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled != null) {
                     stringsBuilder.setPairingFinishedCompanionAppInstalled(
                             metadataParcel.metadata.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled);
@@ -209,10 +150,6 @@
                     stringsBuilder.setPairingFailDescription(
                             metadataParcel.metadata.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription);
                 }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription);
-                }
                 if (metadataParcel.metadata.initialNotificationDescription != null) {
                     stringsBuilder.setTapToPairWithAccount(
                             metadataParcel.metadata.initialNotificationDescription);
@@ -233,21 +170,6 @@
                     stringsBuilder.setSubsequentPairingDescription(
                             metadataParcel.metadata.subsequentPairingDescription);
                 }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.syncContactsDescription != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setSyncContactsDescription(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.syncContactsDescription);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.syncContactsTitle != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setSyncContactsTitle(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.syncContactsTitle);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.syncSmsDescription != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setSyncSmsDescription(
-                            metadataParcel.metadata.syncSmsDescription);
-                }
-                if (metadataParcel.metadata.syncSmsTitle != null) {
-                    stringsBuilder.setSyncSmsTitle(metadataParcel.metadata.syncSmsTitle);
-                }
                 if (metadataParcel.metadata.waitLaunchCompanionAppDescription != null) {
                     stringsBuilder.setWaitAppLaunchDescription(
                             metadataParcel.metadata.waitLaunchCompanionAppDescription);
@@ -357,20 +279,6 @@
         }
 
         Rpcs.ObservedDeviceStrings.Builder stringsBuilder = Rpcs.ObservedDeviceStrings.newBuilder();
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.assistantSetupHalfSheet != null) {
-            stringsBuilder
-                    .setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(metadata.deviceMetadata.assistantSetupHalfSheet);
-        }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.assistantSetupNotification != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setAssistantSetupNotification(
-                    metadata.deviceMetadata.assistantSetupNotification);
-        }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.confirmPinDescription != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setConfirmPinDescription(metadata.deviceMetadata.confirmPinDescription);
-        }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.confirmPinTitle != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setConfirmPinTitle(metadata.deviceMetadata.confirmPinTitle);
-        }
         if (metadata.deviceMetadata.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled != null) {
             stringsBuilder.setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled);
@@ -387,10 +295,6 @@
             stringsBuilder.setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription);
         }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                    metadata.deviceMetadata.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription);
-        }
         if (metadata.deviceMetadata.initialNotificationDescription != null) {
             stringsBuilder.setInitialNotificationDescription(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.initialNotificationDescription);
@@ -403,9 +307,6 @@
             stringsBuilder.setInitialPairingDescription(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.initialPairingDescription);
         }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.locale != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setLocale(metadata.deviceMetadata.locale);
-        }
         if (metadata.deviceMetadata.openCompanionAppDescription != null) {
             stringsBuilder.setOpenCompanionAppDescription(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.openCompanionAppDescription);
@@ -418,22 +319,6 @@
             stringsBuilder.setSubsequentPairingDescription(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.subsequentPairingDescription);
         }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.syncContactsDescription != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setSyncContactsDescription(
-                    metadata.deviceMetadata.syncContactsDescription);
-        }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.syncContactsTitle != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setSyncContactsTitle(
-                    metadata.deviceMetadata.syncContactsTitle);
-        }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.syncSmsDescription != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setSyncSmsDescription(
-                    metadata.deviceMetadata.syncSmsDescription);
-        }
-        if (metadata.deviceMetadata.syncSmsTitle != null) {
-            stringsBuilder.setSyncSmsTitle(
-                    metadata.deviceMetadata.syncSmsTitle);
-        }
         if (metadata.deviceMetadata.unableToConnectDescription != null) {
             stringsBuilder.setUnableToConnectDescription(
                     metadata.deviceMetadata.unableToConnectDescription);
@@ -513,28 +398,18 @@
         discoveryItemParcel.actionUrl = storedDiscoveryItem.getActionUrl();
         discoveryItemParcel.actionUrlType = storedDiscoveryItem.getActionUrlType().getNumber();
         discoveryItemParcel.appName = storedDiscoveryItem.getAppName();
-        discoveryItemParcel.attachmentType = storedDiscoveryItem.getAttachmentType().getNumber();
         discoveryItemParcel.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1 =
                 storedDiscoveryItem.getAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256R1().toByteArray();
-        discoveryItemParcel.bleRecordBytes = storedDiscoveryItem.getBleRecordBytes().toByteArray();
-        discoveryItemParcel.debugCategory = storedDiscoveryItem.getDebugCategory().getNumber();
-        discoveryItemParcel.debugMessage = storedDiscoveryItem.getDebugMessage();
         discoveryItemParcel.description = storedDiscoveryItem.getDescription();
         discoveryItemParcel.deviceName = storedDiscoveryItem.getDeviceName();
         discoveryItemParcel.displayUrl = storedDiscoveryItem.getDisplayUrl();
-        discoveryItemParcel.entityId = storedDiscoveryItem.getEntityId();
-        discoveryItemParcel.featureGraphicUrl = storedDiscoveryItem.getFeatureGraphicUrl();
         discoveryItemParcel.firstObservationTimestampMillis =
                 storedDiscoveryItem.getFirstObservationTimestampMillis();
-        discoveryItemParcel.groupId = storedDiscoveryItem.getGroupId();
         discoveryItemParcel.iconFifeUrl = storedDiscoveryItem.getIconFifeUrl();
         discoveryItemParcel.iconPng = storedDiscoveryItem.getIconPng().toByteArray();
         discoveryItemParcel.id = storedDiscoveryItem.getId();
         discoveryItemParcel.lastObservationTimestampMillis =
                 storedDiscoveryItem.getLastObservationTimestampMillis();
-        discoveryItemParcel.lastUserExperience =
-                storedDiscoveryItem.getLastUserExperience().getNumber();
-        discoveryItemParcel.lostMillis = storedDiscoveryItem.getLostMillis();
         discoveryItemParcel.macAddress = storedDiscoveryItem.getMacAddress();
         discoveryItemParcel.packageName = storedDiscoveryItem.getPackageName();
         discoveryItemParcel.pendingAppInstallTimestampMillis =
@@ -544,7 +419,6 @@
         discoveryItemParcel.title = storedDiscoveryItem.getTitle();
         discoveryItemParcel.triggerId = storedDiscoveryItem.getTriggerId();
         discoveryItemParcel.txPower = storedDiscoveryItem.getTxPower();
-        discoveryItemParcel.type = storedDiscoveryItem.getType().getNumber();
 
         return discoveryItemParcel;
     }
@@ -564,27 +438,17 @@
         FastPairStrings fpStrings = storedDiscoveryItem.getFastPairStrings();
 
         FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel metadataParcel = new FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel();
-        metadataParcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet = fpStrings.getAssistantHalfSheetDescription();
-        metadataParcel.assistantSetupNotification = fpStrings.getAssistantNotificationDescription();
-        metadataParcel.confirmPinDescription = fpStrings.getConfirmPinDescription();
-        metadataParcel.confirmPinTitle = fpStrings.getConfirmPinTitle();
         metadataParcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled =
                 fpStrings.getPairingFinishedCompanionAppInstalled();
         metadataParcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled =
                 fpStrings.getPairingFinishedCompanionAppNotInstalled();
         metadataParcel.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription = fpStrings.getPairingFailDescription();
-        metadataParcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription =
-                fpStrings.getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription();
         metadataParcel.initialNotificationDescription = fpStrings.getTapToPairWithAccount();
         metadataParcel.initialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount =
                 fpStrings.getTapToPairWithoutAccount();
         metadataParcel.initialPairingDescription = fpStrings.getInitialPairingDescription();
         metadataParcel.retroactivePairingDescription = fpStrings.getRetroactivePairingDescription();
         metadataParcel.subsequentPairingDescription = fpStrings.getSubsequentPairingDescription();
-        metadataParcel.syncContactsDescription = fpStrings.getSyncContactsDescription();
-        metadataParcel.syncContactsTitle = fpStrings.getSyncContactsTitle();
-        metadataParcel.syncSmsDescription = fpStrings.getSyncSmsDescription();
-        metadataParcel.syncSmsTitle = fpStrings.getSyncSmsTitle();
         metadataParcel.waitLaunchCompanionAppDescription = fpStrings.getWaitAppLaunchDescription();
 
         Cache.FastPairInformation fpInformation = storedDiscoveryItem.getFastPairInformation();
diff --git a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtils.java b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtils.java
index 0b01bc0..8bb83e9 100644
--- a/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtils.java
+++ b/nearby/service/java/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtils.java
@@ -84,12 +84,6 @@
                 + fastPairStrings.getRetroactivePairingDescription()
                 + ", waitAppLaunchDescription=" + fastPairStrings.getWaitAppLaunchDescription()
                 + ", pairingFailDescription=" + fastPairStrings.getPairingFailDescription()
-                + ", assistantHalfSheetDescription="
-                + fastPairStrings.getAssistantHalfSheetDescription()
-                + ", assistantNotificationDescription="
-                + fastPairStrings.getAssistantNotificationDescription()
-                + ", fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription="
-                + fastPairStrings.getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription()
                 + "]";
     }
 
@@ -112,10 +106,6 @@
                 .setRetroactivePairingDescription(strings.getRetroactivePairingDescription())
                 .setWaitAppLaunchDescription(strings.getWaitLaunchCompanionAppDescription())
                 .setPairingFailDescription(strings.getFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription())
-                .setAssistantHalfSheetDescription(strings.getAssistantSetupHalfSheet())
-                .setAssistantNotificationDescription(strings.getAssistantSetupNotification())
-                .setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                        strings.getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription())
                 .build();
     }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/cache.proto b/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/cache.proto
index 12731fb..d4c7c3d 100644
--- a/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/cache.proto
+++ b/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/cache.proto
@@ -112,9 +112,6 @@
   string id = 1;
 
   // REQUIRED
-  NearbyType type = 2;
-
-  // REQUIRED
   // The most recent all upper case mac associated with this item.
   // (Mac-to-DiscoveryItem is a many-to-many relationship)
   string mac_address = 4;
@@ -164,28 +161,18 @@
   // Used in the second line of the notification, "Open in {} app"
   string app_name = 25;
 
-  // ID used for associating several DiscoveryItems.  These items may be
-  // visually displayed together.
-  string group_id = 26;
-
   // The timestamp when the attachment was created on PBS server. In case there
   // are duplicate
   // items with the same scanId/groupID, only show the one with the latest
   // timestamp.
   int64 attachment_creation_sec = 28;
 
-  // Whether the attachment is created in debug namespace
-  DiscoveryAttachmentType attachment_type = 29;
-
   // Package name of the App that owns this item.
   string package_name = 30;
 
   // The average star rating of the app.
   float star_rating = 31;
 
-  // The "feature" graphic image url used for large sized list view entries.
-  string feature_graphic_url = 32;
-
   // TriggerId identifies the trigger/beacon that is attached with a message.
   // It's generated from server for online messages to synchronize formatting
   // across client versions.
@@ -201,27 +188,6 @@
   // A FIFE URL of the item icon displayed in Discovery item list.
   string icon_fife_url = 49;
 
-  // Message written to bugreport for 3P developers.(No sensitive info)
-  // null if the item is valid
-  string debug_message = 37;
-
-  // Weather the item is filtered out on server.
-  DebugMessageCategory debug_category = 38;
-
-  // Client timestamp when the trigger (e.g. beacon) was last lost (e.g. when
-  // Messages told us the beacon's no longer nearby).
-  int64 lost_millis = 41;
-
-  // The kind of expereince the user last had with this (e.g. if they dismissed
-  // the notification, that's bad; but if they tapped it, that's good).
-  ExperienceType last_user_experience = 42;
-
-  // The most recent BLE advertisement related to this item.
-  bytes ble_record_bytes = 43;
-
-  // An ID generated on the server to uniquely identify content.
-  string entity_id = 44;
-
   // See equivalent field in NearbyItem.
   bytes authentication_public_key_secp256r1 = 45;
 
@@ -235,7 +201,7 @@
   FastPairStrings fast_pair_strings = 48;
 
   // Deprecated fields.
-  reserved 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24, 27, 33, 35, 39, 40;
+  reserved 2, 3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44;
 }
 enum ResolvedUrlType {
   RESOLVED_URL_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0;
diff --git a/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/fast_pair_string.proto b/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/fast_pair_string.proto
index 6dfc19a..f318c1a 100644
--- a/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/fast_pair_string.proto
+++ b/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/fast_pair_string.proto
@@ -36,30 +36,5 @@
   // Description when user fail to pair with device
   optional string pairing_fail_description = 9;
 
-  // Title to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-  optional string confirm_pin_title = 10;
-
-  // Description to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-  optional string confirm_pin_description = 11;
-
-  // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-  optional string sync_contacts_title = 12;
-
-  // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-  optional string sync_contacts_description = 13;
-
-  // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-  optional string sync_sms_title = 14;
-
-  // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-  optional string sync_sms_description = 15;
-
-  // The description for half sheet to ask user to setup google assistant.
-  optional string assistant_half_sheet_description = 16;
-
-  // The description for notification to ask user to setup google assistant.
-  optional string assistant_notification_description = 17;
-
-  // Description of the connect device action on TV, when user is not logged in.
-  optional string fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description = 18;
+  reserved 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,15, 16, 17, 18;
 }
diff --git a/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/rpcs.proto b/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/rpcs.proto
index 0399d09..bce4378 100644
--- a/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/rpcs.proto
+++ b/nearby/service/proto/src/fastpair/rpcs.proto
@@ -234,9 +234,6 @@
 
 // Strings to be displayed in notifications surfaced for a device.
 message ObservedDeviceStrings {
-  // The locale of all of the strings.
-  string locale = 1;
-
   // The notification description for when the device is initially discovered.
   string initial_notification_description = 2;
 
@@ -285,32 +282,7 @@
   // fail.
   string fail_connect_go_to_settings_description = 15;
 
-  // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-  string confirm_pin_title = 16;
-
-  // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm the pin code.
-  string confirm_pin_description = 17;
-
-  // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-  string sync_contacts_title = 18;
-
-  // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync contacts.
-  string sync_contacts_description = 19;
-
-  // The title of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-  string sync_sms_title = 20;
-
-  // The description of the UI to ask the user to confirm to sync SMS.
-  string sync_sms_description = 21;
-
-  // The description in half sheet to ask user setup google assistant
-  string assistant_setup_half_sheet = 22;
-
-  // The description in notification to ask user setup google assistant
-  string assistant_setup_notification = 23;
-
-  // Description of the connect device action on TV, when user is not logged in.
-  string fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description = 24;
+  reserved 1, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24;
 }
 
 // The buffer size range of a Fast Pair devices support dynamic buffer size.
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataTest.java b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataTest.java
index 226efbb..65c061b 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataTest.java
@@ -105,12 +105,7 @@
 
     /* Verifies DeviceMetadata. */
     private static void ensureFastPairDeviceMetadataAsExpected(FastPairDeviceMetadata metadata) {
-        assertThat(metadata.getAssistantSetupHalfSheet()).isEqualTo(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        assertThat(metadata.getAssistantSetupNotification())
-                .isEqualTo(ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
         assertThat(metadata.getBleTxPower()).isEqualTo(BLE_TX_POWER);
-        assertThat(metadata.getConfirmPinDescription()).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getConfirmPinTitle()).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         assertThat(metadata.getConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled())
                 .isEqualTo(CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         assertThat(metadata.getConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled())
@@ -120,8 +115,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription())
-                .isEqualTo(FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getImage()).isEqualTo(IMAGE);
         assertThat(metadata.getImageUrl()).isEqualTo(IMAGE_URL);
         assertThat(metadata.getInitialNotificationDescription())
@@ -130,7 +123,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT);
         assertThat(metadata.getInitialPairingDescription()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getIntentUri()).isEqualTo(INTENT_URI);
-        assertThat(metadata.getLocale()).isEqualTo(LOCALE);
         assertThat(metadata.getName()).isEqualTo(NAME);
         assertThat(metadata.getOpenCompanionAppDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
@@ -138,10 +130,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getSubsequentPairingDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncContactsDescription()).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncContactsTitle()).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncSmsDescription()).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncSmsTitle()).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
         assertThat(metadata.getTriggerDistance()).isWithin(DELTA).of(TRIGGER_DISTANCE);
         assertThat(metadata.getTrueWirelessImageUrlCase()).isEqualTo(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE);
         assertThat(metadata.getTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud())
@@ -171,19 +159,13 @@
     /* Generates FastPairDeviceMetadata. */
     private static FastPairDeviceMetadata genFastPairDeviceMetadata() {
         FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder builder = new FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder();
-        builder.setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        builder.setAssistantSetupNotification(ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
         builder.setBleTxPower(BLE_TX_POWER);
-        builder.setConfirmPinDescription(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setConfirmPinTitle(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         builder.setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         builder.setConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled(
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_NOT_INSTALLED);
         builder.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
         builder.setDownloadCompanionAppDescription(DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setImage(IMAGE);
         builder.setImageUrl(IMAGE_URL);
         builder.setInitialNotificationDescription(INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION);
@@ -191,15 +173,10 @@
                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT);
         builder.setInitialPairingDescription(INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setIntentUri(INTENT_URI);
-        builder.setLocale(LOCALE);
         builder.setName(NAME);
         builder.setOpenCompanionAppDescription(OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setRetroactivePairingDescription(RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setSubsequentPairingDescription(SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setSyncContactsDescription(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        builder.setSyncContactsTitle(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        builder.setSyncSmsDescription(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setSyncSmsTitle(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
         builder.setTriggerDistance(TRIGGER_DISTANCE);
         builder.setTrueWirelessImageUrlCase(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE);
         builder.setTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_LEFT_BUD);
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairDataProviderServiceTest.java b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairDataProviderServiceTest.java
index 171b6e8..160da56 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairDataProviderServiceTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/FastPairDataProviderServiceTest.java
@@ -577,7 +577,6 @@
                 new FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequestParcel();
         requestParcel.account = MANAGE_ACCOUNT;
         requestParcel.requestType = MANAGE_ACCOUNT_REQUEST_TYPE;
-        requestParcel.bleAddress = BLE_ADDRESS;
         requestParcel.accountKeyDeviceMetadata =
                 genHappyPathFastPairAccountkeyDeviceMetadataParcel();
 
@@ -628,24 +627,15 @@
         builder.setActionUrl(ACTION_URL);
         builder.setActionUrlType(ACTION_URL_TYPE);
         builder.setAppName(APP_NAME);
-        builder.setAttachmentType(ATTACHMENT_TYPE);
         builder.setAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1(AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1);
-        builder.setBleRecordBytes(BLE_RECORD_BYTES);
-        builder.setDebugCategory(DEBUG_CATEGORY);
-        builder.setDebugMessage(DEBUG_MESSAGE);
         builder.setDescription(DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setDeviceName(DEVICE_NAME);
         builder.setDisplayUrl(DISPLAY_URL);
-        builder.setEntityId(ENTITY_ID);
-        builder.setFeatureGraphicUrl(FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL);
         builder.setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        builder.setGroupId(GROUP_ID);
         builder.setIconFfeUrl(ICON_FIFE_URL);
         builder.setIconPng(ICON_PNG);
         builder.setId(ID);
         builder.setLastObservationTimestampMillis(LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        builder.setLastUserExperience(LAST_USER_EXPERIENCE);
-        builder.setLostMillis(LOST_MILLIS);
         builder.setMacAddress(MAC_ADDRESS);
         builder.setPackageName(PACKAGE_NAME);
         builder.setPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis(PENDING_APP_INSTALL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
@@ -654,7 +644,6 @@
         builder.setTitle(TITLE);
         builder.setTriggerId(TRIGGER_ID);
         builder.setTxPower(TX_POWER);
-        builder.setType(TYPE);
 
         return builder.build();
     }
@@ -666,24 +655,15 @@
         parcel.actionUrl = ACTION_URL;
         parcel.actionUrlType = ACTION_URL_TYPE;
         parcel.appName = APP_NAME;
-        parcel.attachmentType = ATTACHMENT_TYPE;
         parcel.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1 = AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1;
-        parcel.bleRecordBytes = BLE_RECORD_BYTES;
-        parcel.debugCategory = DEBUG_CATEGORY;
-        parcel.debugMessage = DEBUG_MESSAGE;
         parcel.description = DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.deviceName = DEVICE_NAME;
         parcel.displayUrl = DISPLAY_URL;
-        parcel.entityId = ENTITY_ID;
-        parcel.featureGraphicUrl = FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL;
         parcel.firstObservationTimestampMillis = FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS;
-        parcel.groupId = GROUP_ID;
         parcel.iconFifeUrl = ICON_FIFE_URL;
         parcel.iconPng = ICON_PNG;
         parcel.id = ID;
         parcel.lastObservationTimestampMillis = LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS;
-        parcel.lastUserExperience = LAST_USER_EXPERIENCE;
-        parcel.lostMillis = LOST_MILLIS;
         parcel.macAddress = MAC_ADDRESS;
         parcel.packageName = PACKAGE_NAME;
         parcel.pendingAppInstallTimestampMillis = PENDING_APP_INSTALL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS;
@@ -692,7 +672,6 @@
         parcel.title = TITLE;
         parcel.triggerId = TRIGGER_ID;
         parcel.txPower = TX_POWER;
-        parcel.type = TYPE;
 
         return parcel;
     }
@@ -700,19 +679,13 @@
     /* Generates Happy Path DeviceMetadata. */
     private static FastPairDeviceMetadata genHappyPathFastPairDeviceMetadata() {
         FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder builder = new FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder();
-        builder.setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        builder.setAssistantSetupNotification(ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
         builder.setBleTxPower(BLE_TX_POWER);
-        builder.setConfirmPinDescription(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setConfirmPinTitle(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         builder.setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         builder.setConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled(
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_NOT_INSTALLED);
         builder.setDeviceType(DEVICE_TYPE);
         builder.setDownloadCompanionAppDescription(DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setImage(IMAGE);
         builder.setImageUrl(IMAGE_URL);
         builder.setInitialNotificationDescription(INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION);
@@ -720,15 +693,10 @@
                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT);
         builder.setInitialPairingDescription(INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setIntentUri(INTENT_URI);
-        builder.setLocale(LOCALE);
         builder.setName(NAME);
         builder.setOpenCompanionAppDescription(OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setRetroactivePairingDescription(RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         builder.setSubsequentPairingDescription(SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setSyncContactsDescription(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        builder.setSyncContactsTitle(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        builder.setSyncSmsDescription(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        builder.setSyncSmsTitle(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
         builder.setTriggerDistance(TRIGGER_DISTANCE);
         builder.setTrueWirelessImageUrlCase(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE);
         builder.setTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_LEFT_BUD);
@@ -745,19 +713,13 @@
     private static FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel genHappyPathFastPairDeviceMetadataParcel() {
         FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel parcel = new FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel();
 
-        parcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet = ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET;
-        parcel.assistantSetupNotification = ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION;
         parcel.bleTxPower = BLE_TX_POWER;
-        parcel.confirmPinDescription = CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.confirmPinTitle = CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE;
         parcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled = CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED;
         parcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled =
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_NOT_INSTALLED;
         parcel.deviceType = DEVICE_TYPE;
         parcel.downloadCompanionAppDescription = DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription = FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription =
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.image = IMAGE;
         parcel.imageUrl = IMAGE_URL;
         parcel.initialNotificationDescription = INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION;
@@ -765,15 +727,10 @@
                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT;
         parcel.initialPairingDescription = INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.intentUri = INTENT_URI;
-        parcel.locale = LOCALE;
         parcel.name = NAME;
         parcel.openCompanionAppDescription = OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.retroactivePairingDescription = RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.subsequentPairingDescription = SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.syncContactsDescription = SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION;
-        parcel.syncContactsTitle = SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE;
-        parcel.syncSmsDescription = SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.syncSmsTitle = SYNC_SMS_TITLE;
         parcel.triggerDistance = TRIGGER_DISTANCE;
         parcel.trueWirelessImageUrlCase = TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE;
         parcel.trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud = TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_LEFT_BUD;
@@ -830,7 +787,6 @@
             FastPairDataProviderService.FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequest request) {
         assertThat(request.getAccount()).isEqualTo(MANAGE_ACCOUNT);
         assertThat(request.getRequestType()).isEqualTo(MANAGE_ACCOUNT_REQUEST_TYPE);
-        assertThat(request.getBleAddress()).isEqualTo(BLE_ADDRESS);
         ensureHappyPathAsExpected(request.getAccountKeyDeviceMetadata());
     }
 
@@ -876,15 +832,8 @@
     /* Verifies Happy Path DeviceMetadataParcel. */
     private static void ensureHappyPathAsExpected(FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel metadataParcel) {
         assertThat(metadataParcel).isNotNull();
-
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet).isEqualTo(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.assistantSetupNotification).isEqualTo(
-                ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
-
         assertThat(metadataParcel.bleTxPower).isEqualTo(BLE_TX_POWER);
 
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.confirmPinDescription).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.confirmPinTitle).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled).isEqualTo(
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled).isEqualTo(
@@ -896,8 +845,6 @@
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription).isEqualTo(
                 FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription).isEqualTo(
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.image).isEqualTo(IMAGE);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.imageUrl).isEqualTo(IMAGE_URL);
@@ -908,7 +855,6 @@
         assertThat(metadataParcel.initialPairingDescription).isEqualTo(INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.intentUri).isEqualTo(INTENT_URI);
 
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.locale).isEqualTo(LOCALE);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.name).isEqualTo(NAME);
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.openCompanionAppDescription).isEqualTo(
@@ -919,10 +865,6 @@
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.subsequentPairingDescription).isEqualTo(
                 SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncContactsDescription).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncContactsTitle).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncSmsDescription).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncSmsTitle).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.triggerDistance).isWithin(DELTA).of(TRIGGER_DISTANCE);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.trueWirelessImageUrlCase).isEqualTo(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE);
@@ -943,12 +885,7 @@
 
     /* Verifies Happy Path DeviceMetadata. */
     private static void ensureHappyPathAsExpected(FastPairDeviceMetadata metadata) {
-        assertThat(metadata.getAssistantSetupHalfSheet()).isEqualTo(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        assertThat(metadata.getAssistantSetupNotification())
-                .isEqualTo(ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
         assertThat(metadata.getBleTxPower()).isEqualTo(BLE_TX_POWER);
-        assertThat(metadata.getConfirmPinDescription()).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getConfirmPinTitle()).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         assertThat(metadata.getConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled())
                 .isEqualTo(CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         assertThat(metadata.getConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled())
@@ -958,8 +895,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription())
-                .isEqualTo(FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getImage()).isEqualTo(IMAGE);
         assertThat(metadata.getImageUrl()).isEqualTo(IMAGE_URL);
         assertThat(metadata.getInitialNotificationDescription())
@@ -968,7 +903,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT);
         assertThat(metadata.getInitialPairingDescription()).isEqualTo(INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getIntentUri()).isEqualTo(INTENT_URI);
-        assertThat(metadata.getLocale()).isEqualTo(LOCALE);
         assertThat(metadata.getName()).isEqualTo(NAME);
         assertThat(metadata.getOpenCompanionAppDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
@@ -976,10 +910,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(metadata.getSubsequentPairingDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncContactsDescription()).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncContactsTitle()).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncSmsDescription()).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadata.getSyncSmsTitle()).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
         assertThat(metadata.getTriggerDistance()).isWithin(DELTA).of(TRIGGER_DISTANCE);
         assertThat(metadata.getTrueWirelessImageUrlCase()).isEqualTo(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE);
         assertThat(metadata.getTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud())
@@ -1000,27 +930,18 @@
         assertThat(itemParcel.actionUrl).isEqualTo(ACTION_URL);
         assertThat(itemParcel.actionUrlType).isEqualTo(ACTION_URL_TYPE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.appName).isEqualTo(APP_NAME);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.attachmentType).isEqualTo(ATTACHMENT_TYPE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1)
                 .isEqualTo(AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.bleRecordBytes).isEqualTo(BLE_RECORD_BYTES);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.debugCategory).isEqualTo(DEBUG_CATEGORY);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.debugMessage).isEqualTo(DEBUG_MESSAGE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.description).isEqualTo(DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(itemParcel.deviceName).isEqualTo(DEVICE_NAME);
         assertThat(itemParcel.displayUrl).isEqualTo(DISPLAY_URL);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.entityId).isEqualTo(ENTITY_ID);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.featureGraphicUrl).isEqualTo(FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL);
         assertThat(itemParcel.firstObservationTimestampMillis)
                 .isEqualTo(FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.groupId).isEqualTo(GROUP_ID);
         assertThat(itemParcel.iconFifeUrl).isEqualTo(ICON_FIFE_URL);
         assertThat(itemParcel.iconPng).isEqualTo(ICON_PNG);
         assertThat(itemParcel.id).isEqualTo(ID);
         assertThat(itemParcel.lastObservationTimestampMillis)
                 .isEqualTo(LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.lastUserExperience).isEqualTo(LAST_USER_EXPERIENCE);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.lostMillis).isEqualTo(LOST_MILLIS);
         assertThat(itemParcel.macAddress).isEqualTo(MAC_ADDRESS);
         assertThat(itemParcel.packageName).isEqualTo(PACKAGE_NAME);
         assertThat(itemParcel.pendingAppInstallTimestampMillis)
@@ -1030,7 +951,6 @@
         assertThat(itemParcel.title).isEqualTo(TITLE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.triggerId).isEqualTo(TRIGGER_ID);
         assertThat(itemParcel.txPower).isEqualTo(TX_POWER);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.type).isEqualTo(TYPE);
     }
 
     /* Verifies Happy Path FastPairDiscoveryItem. */
@@ -1038,27 +958,18 @@
         assertThat(item.getActionUrl()).isEqualTo(ACTION_URL);
         assertThat(item.getActionUrlType()).isEqualTo(ACTION_URL_TYPE);
         assertThat(item.getAppName()).isEqualTo(APP_NAME);
-        assertThat(item.getAttachmentType()).isEqualTo(ATTACHMENT_TYPE);
         assertThat(item.getAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1())
                 .isEqualTo(AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1);
-        assertThat(item.getBleRecordBytes()).isEqualTo(BLE_RECORD_BYTES);
-        assertThat(item.getDebugCategory()).isEqualTo(DEBUG_CATEGORY);
-        assertThat(item.getDebugMessage()).isEqualTo(DEBUG_MESSAGE);
         assertThat(item.getDescription()).isEqualTo(DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(item.getDeviceName()).isEqualTo(DEVICE_NAME);
         assertThat(item.getDisplayUrl()).isEqualTo(DISPLAY_URL);
-        assertThat(item.getEntityId()).isEqualTo(ENTITY_ID);
-        assertThat(item.getFeatureGraphicUrl()).isEqualTo(FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL);
         assertThat(item.getFirstObservationTimestampMillis())
                 .isEqualTo(FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        assertThat(item.getGroupId()).isEqualTo(GROUP_ID);
         assertThat(item.getIconFfeUrl()).isEqualTo(ICON_FIFE_URL);
         assertThat(item.getIconPng()).isEqualTo(ICON_PNG);
         assertThat(item.getId()).isEqualTo(ID);
         assertThat(item.getLastObservationTimestampMillis())
                 .isEqualTo(LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        assertThat(item.getLastUserExperience()).isEqualTo(LAST_USER_EXPERIENCE);
-        assertThat(item.getLostMillis()).isEqualTo(LOST_MILLIS);
         assertThat(item.getMacAddress()).isEqualTo(MAC_ADDRESS);
         assertThat(item.getPackageName()).isEqualTo(PACKAGE_NAME);
         assertThat(item.getPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis())
@@ -1068,7 +979,6 @@
         assertThat(item.getTitle()).isEqualTo(TITLE);
         assertThat(item.getTriggerId()).isEqualTo(TRIGGER_ID);
         assertThat(item.getTxPower()).isEqualTo(TX_POWER);
-        assertThat(item.getType()).isEqualTo(TYPE);
     }
 
     /* Verifies Happy Path EligibleAccountParcel[]. */
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/ScanRequestTest.java b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/ScanRequestTest.java
index 019f8ec..3a73b9f 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/ScanRequestTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/ScanRequestTest.java
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_NO_POWER;
-import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE;
-import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@
     @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void testSetWorkSource_nullValue() {
         ScanRequest request = new ScanRequest.Builder()
-                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION)
+                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
                 .setWorkSource(null)
                 .build();
 
@@ -94,14 +92,14 @@
     public void testToString() {
         WorkSource workSource = getWorkSource();
         ScanRequest request = new ScanRequest.Builder()
-                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE)
+                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
                 .setScanMode(SCAN_MODE_BALANCED)
                 .setBleEnabled(true)
                 .setWorkSource(workSource)
                 .build();
 
         assertThat(request.toString()).isEqualTo(
-                "Request[scanType=2, scanMode=SCAN_MODE_BALANCED, "
+                "Request[scanType=1, scanMode=SCAN_MODE_BALANCED, "
                         + "enableBle=true, workSource=WorkSource{" + UID + " " + APP_NAME
                         + "}, scanFilters=[]]");
     }
@@ -132,9 +130,7 @@
     @SdkSuppress(minSdkVersion = 32, codeName = "T")
     public void test_isValidScanType() {
         assertThat(ScanRequest.isValidScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)).isTrue();
-        assertThat(ScanRequest.isValidScanType(SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE)).isTrue();
         assertThat(ScanRequest.isValidScanType(SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE)).isTrue();
-        assertThat(ScanRequest.isValidScanType(SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION)).isTrue();
 
         assertThat(ScanRequest.isValidScanType(0)).isFalse();
         assertThat(ScanRequest.isValidScanType(5)).isFalse();
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/Android.bp
index 579baa5..49bc2e9 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/Android.bp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
     static_libs: ["NearbyMultiDevicesClientsLib"],
     optimize: {
         enabled: true,
-        shrink: true,
+        shrink: false,
         proguard_flags_files: ["proguard.flags"],
     },
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/proguard.flags b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/proguard.flags
index fd494a8..11938cd 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/proguard.flags
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/proguard.flags
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
      *;
 }
 
-# Keep simulator reflection callback.
--keep class android.nearby.fastpair.provider.** {
+# Keep AdvertisingSetCallback#onOwnAddressRead callback.
+-keep class * extends android.bluetooth.le.AdvertisingSetCallback {
      *;
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorSnippet.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorSnippet.kt
index 39edfe4..922e950 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorSnippet.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorSnippet.kt
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import android.annotation.TargetApi
 import android.content.Context
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider.controller.FastPairProviderSimulatorController
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider.events.ProviderStatusEvents
 import android.os.Build
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.Snippet
@@ -68,4 +70,10 @@
     fun getBluetoothLeAddress(): String {
         return fastPairProviderSimulatorController.getProviderSimulatorBleAddress()
     }
+
+    /** Gets the latest account key received on the Fast Pair provider simulator */
+    @Rpc(description = "Gets the latest account key received on the Fast Pair provider simulator.")
+    fun getLatestReceivedAccountKey(): String? {
+        return fastPairProviderSimulatorController.getLatestReceivedAccountKey()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/ProviderStatusEvents.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/ProviderStatusEvents.kt
deleted file mode 100644
index efa4f02..0000000
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/ProviderStatusEvents.kt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider
-
-import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.util.postSnippetEvent
-
-/** The Mobly snippet events to report to the Python side. */
-class ProviderStatusEvents(private val callbackId: String) :
-  FastPairProviderSimulatorController.EventListener {
-
-  /** Reports the first onServiceConnected of A2DP sink profile. */
-  override fun onA2DPSinkProfileConnected() {
-    postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onA2DPSinkProfileConnected") {}
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Indicates the Bluetooth scan mode of the Fast Pair provider simulator has changed.
-   *
-   * @param mode the current scan mode in String mapping by [FastPairSimulator#scanModeToString].
-   */
-  override fun onScanModeChange(mode: String) {
-    postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onScanModeChange") { putString("mode", mode) }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Indicates the advertising state of the Fast Pair provider simulator has changed.
-   *
-   * @param isAdvertising the current advertising state, true if advertising otherwise false.
-   */
-  override fun onAdvertisingChange(isAdvertising: Boolean) {
-    postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onAdvertisingChange") {
-      putBoolean("isAdvertising", isAdvertising)
-    }
-  }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorController.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/controller/FastPairProviderSimulatorController.kt
similarity index 92%
rename from nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorController.kt
rename to nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/controller/FastPairProviderSimulatorController.kt
index e700144..a2d2659 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/FastPairProviderSimulatorController.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/controller/FastPairProviderSimulatorController.kt
@@ -14,14 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider
+package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider.controller
 
 import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseSettings
 import android.content.Context
 import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.FastPairSimulator
 import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.bluetooth.BluetoothController
 import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.util.Log
-import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding
+import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base64
 
 class FastPairProviderSimulatorController(private val context: Context) :
     FastPairSimulator.AdvertisingChangedCallback, BluetoothController.EventListener {
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     ) {
         eventListener = listener
 
-        val antiSpoofingKey = BaseEncoding.base64().decode(antiSpoofingKeyString)
+        val antiSpoofingKey = base64().decode(antiSpoofingKeyString)
         simulator = FastPairSimulator(
             context, FastPairSimulator.Options.builder(modelId)
                 .setAdvertisingModelId(modelId)
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@
                 .setRemoveAllDevicesDuringPairing(true)
                 .build()
         )
-
-        // TODO(b/222070055): Workaround the FATAL EXCEPTION after the end of initial pairing.
-        simulator!!.setSuppressSubsequentPairingNotification(true)
     }
 
     fun getProviderSimulatorBleAddress() = simulator!!.bleAddress!!
 
+    fun getLatestReceivedAccountKey() =
+        simulator!!.accountKey?.let { base64().encode(it.toByteArray()) }
+
     /**
      * Called when we change our BLE advertisement.
      *
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/events/ProviderStatusEvents.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/events/ProviderStatusEvents.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2addd77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/provider/events/ProviderStatusEvents.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider.events
+
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.provider.controller.FastPairProviderSimulatorController
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.util.postSnippetEvent
+
+/** The Mobly snippet events to report to the Python side. */
+class ProviderStatusEvents(private val callbackId: String) :
+    FastPairProviderSimulatorController.EventListener {
+
+    /** Reports the first onServiceConnected of A2DP sink profile. */
+    override fun onA2DPSinkProfileConnected() {
+        postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onA2DPSinkProfileConnected") {}
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates the Bluetooth scan mode of the Fast Pair provider simulator has changed.
+     *
+     * @param mode the current scan mode in String mapping by [FastPairSimulator#scanModeToString].
+     */
+    override fun onScanModeChange(mode: String) {
+        postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onScanModeChange") { putString("mode", mode) }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates the advertising state of the Fast Pair provider simulator has changed.
+     *
+     * @param isAdvertising the current advertising state, true if advertising otherwise false.
+     */
+    override fun onAdvertisingChange(isAdvertising: Boolean) {
+        postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onAdvertisingChange") {
+            putBoolean("isAdvertising", isAdvertising)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/FastPairSeekerSnippet.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/FastPairSeekerSnippet.kt
index 617eac1..fd4f4b4 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/FastPairSeekerSnippet.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/FastPairSeekerSnippet.kt
@@ -23,8 +23,11 @@
 import android.nearby.ScanRequest
 import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.FAKE_TEST_ACCOUNT_NAME
 import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.data.FastPairTestDataManager
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.events.PairingCallbackEvents
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.events.ScanCallbackEvents
 import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.ui.CheckNearbyHalfSheetUiTest
 import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.ui.DismissNearbyHalfSheetUiTest
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.ui.PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest
 import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider
 import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.Snippet
 import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.rpc.AsyncRpc
@@ -39,12 +42,12 @@
     private lateinit var scanCallback: ScanCallback
 
     /**
-     * Starts scanning as a Fast Pair seeker to find Fast Pair provider devices.
+     * Starts scanning as a Fast Pair seeker to find provider devices.
      *
      * @param callbackId the callback ID corresponding to the {@link FastPairSeekerSnippet#startScan}
      * call that started the scanning.
      */
-    @AsyncRpc(description = "Starts scanning as Fast Pair seeker to find Fast Pair provider devices.")
+    @AsyncRpc(description = "Starts scanning as Fast Pair seeker to find provider devices.")
     fun startScan(callbackId: String) {
         val scanRequest = ScanRequest.Builder()
             .setScanMode(ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_LOW_LATENCY)
@@ -97,7 +100,10 @@
      * @param modelId a string of model id to be associated with.
      * @param json a string of FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata JSON object.
      */
-    @Rpc(description = "Puts a model id to FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata pair into test data cache.")
+    @Rpc(
+        description =
+        "Puts a model id to FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata pair into test data cache."
+    )
     fun putAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(modelId: String, json: String) {
         Log.i("Puts a model id to FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata pair into test data cache.")
         fastPairTestDataManager.sendAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(modelId, json)
@@ -110,7 +116,7 @@
     @Rpc(description = "Puts an array of FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata into test data cache.")
     fun putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json: String) {
         Log.i("Puts an array of FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata into test data cache.")
-        fastPairTestDataManager.sendAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json)
+        fastPairTestDataManager.sendAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonArray(json)
     }
 
     /** Dumps all FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata from the test data cache. */
@@ -138,11 +144,25 @@
         DismissNearbyHalfSheetUiTest().dismissHalfSheet()
     }
 
+    /** Starts pairing by interacting with half sheet UI.
+     *
+     * @param callbackId the callback ID corresponding to the
+     * {@link FastPairSeekerSnippet#startPairing} call that started the pairing.
+     */
+    @AsyncRpc(description = "Starts pairing by interacting with half sheet UI.")
+    fun startPairing(callbackId: String) {
+        Log.i("Starts pairing by interacting with half sheet UI.")
+
+        PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest().clickConnectButton()
+        fastPairTestDataManager.registerDataReceiveListener(PairingCallbackEvents(callbackId))
+    }
+
     /** Invokes when the snippet runner shutting down. */
     override fun shutdown() {
         super.shutdown()
 
         Log.i("Resets the Fast Pair test data cache.")
+        fastPairTestDataManager.unregisterDataReceiveListener()
         fastPairTestDataManager.sendResetCache()
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt
index 291aad8..239ac61 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt
@@ -19,12 +19,20 @@
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
-import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.*
+import android.content.IntentFilter
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_RESET_TEST_DATA_CACHE
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_SEND_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_SEND_ANTISPOOF_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_WRITE_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.DATA_JSON_STRING_KEY
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.DATA_MODEL_ID_STRING_KEY
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.FastPairTestDataCache
 import android.util.Log
 
 /** Manage local FastPairTestDataCache and send to/sync from the remote cache in data provider. */
 class FastPairTestDataManager(private val context: Context) : BroadcastReceiver() {
     val testDataCache = FastPairTestDataCache()
+    var listener: EventListener? = null
 
     /** Puts a model id to FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata pair into local and remote cache.
      *
@@ -41,17 +49,17 @@
         testDataCache.putAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(modelId, json)
     }
 
-    /** Puts account key device metadata to local and remote cache.
+    /** Puts account key device metadata array to local and remote cache.
      *
      * @param json a string of FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata JSON array.
      */
-    fun sendAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json: String) {
+    fun sendAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonArray(json: String) {
         Intent().also { intent ->
             intent.action = ACTION_SEND_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
             intent.putExtra(DATA_JSON_STRING_KEY, json)
             context.sendBroadcast(intent)
         }
-        testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json)
+        testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonArray(json)
     }
 
     /** Clears local and remote cache. */
@@ -73,12 +81,33 @@
             ACTION_WRITE_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA -> {
                 Log.d(TAG, "ACTION_WRITE_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA received!")
                 val json = intent.getStringExtra(DATA_JSON_STRING_KEY)!!
-                testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json)
+                testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonObject(json)
+                listener?.onManageFastPairAccountDevice(json)
             }
             else -> Log.d(TAG, "Unknown action received!")
         }
     }
 
+    fun registerDataReceiveListener(listener: EventListener) {
+        this.listener = listener
+        val bondStateFilter = IntentFilter(ACTION_WRITE_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA)
+        context.registerReceiver(this, bondStateFilter)
+    }
+
+    fun unregisterDataReceiveListener() {
+        this.listener = null
+        context.unregisterReceiver(this)
+    }
+
+    /** Interface for listening the data receive from the remote cache in data provider. */
+    interface EventListener {
+        /** Reports a FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata write into the cache.
+         *
+         * @param json the FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata as JSON object string.
+         */
+        fun onManageFastPairAccountDevice(json: String)
+    }
+
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "FastPairTestDataManager"
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/events/PairingCallbackEvents.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/events/PairingCallbackEvents.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19de1d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/events/PairingCallbackEvents.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.events
+
+import android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.data.FastPairTestDataManager
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.util.postSnippetEvent
+
+/** The Mobly snippet events to report to the Python side. */
+class PairingCallbackEvents(private val callbackId: String) :
+    FastPairTestDataManager.EventListener {
+
+    /** Reports a FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata write into the cache.
+     *
+     * @param json the FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata as JSON object string.
+     */
+    override fun onManageFastPairAccountDevice(json: String) {
+        postSnippetEvent(callbackId, "onManageAccountDevice") {
+            putString("accountDeviceJsonString", json)
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/ScanCallbackEvents.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/events/ScanCallbackEvents.kt
similarity index 95%
rename from nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/ScanCallbackEvents.kt
rename to nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/events/ScanCallbackEvents.kt
index 5385238..363355f 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/ScanCallbackEvents.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/events/ScanCallbackEvents.kt
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker
+package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.events
 
 import android.nearby.NearbyDevice
 import android.nearby.ScanCallback
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/ui/PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/ui/PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9028668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/src/android/nearby/multidevices/fastpair/seeker/ui/PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.ui
+
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.Until
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+/** An instrumented test to start pairing by interacting with Nearby half sheet UI.
+ *
+ * To run this test directly:
+ * am instrument -w -r \
+ * -e class android.nearby.multidevices.fastpair.seeker.ui.PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest \
+ * android.nearby.multidevices/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
+ */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class PairByNearbyHalfSheetUiTest {
+    private val device = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation())
+
+    @Test
+    fun clickConnectButton() {
+        val connectButton = NearbyHalfSheetUiMap.DevicePairingFragment.connectButton
+        device.findObject(connectButton).click()
+        device.wait(Until.gone(connectButton), CONNECT_BUTTON_TIMEOUT_MILLS)
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        const val CONNECT_BUTTON_TIMEOUT_MILLS = 3000L
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/shared/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/FastPairTestDataCache.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/shared/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/FastPairTestDataCache.kt
index 80ca855..4fb8832 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/shared/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/FastPairTestDataCache.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/shared/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/FastPairTestDataCache.kt
@@ -21,22 +21,28 @@
 import android.nearby.FastPairDeviceMetadata
 import android.nearby.FastPairDiscoveryItem
 import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding
-import com.google.gson.Gson
+import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder
 import com.google.gson.annotations.SerializedName
 
 /** Manage a cache of Fast Pair test data for testing. */
 class FastPairTestDataCache {
-    private val gson = Gson()
+    private val gson = GsonBuilder().disableHtmlEscaping().create()
     private val accountKeyDeviceMetadataList = mutableListOf<FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata>()
     private val antispoofKeyDeviceMetadataDataMap =
         mutableMapOf<String, FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataData>()
 
-    fun putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json: String) {
+    fun putAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonArray(json: String) {
         accountKeyDeviceMetadataList +=
             gson.fromJson(json, Array<FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadataData>::class.java)
                 .map { it.toFastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata() }
     }
 
+    fun putAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonObject(json: String) {
+        accountKeyDeviceMetadataList +=
+            gson.fromJson(json, FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadataData::class.java)
+                .toFastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata()
+    }
+
     fun putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(accountKeyDeviceMetadata: FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata) {
         accountKeyDeviceMetadataList += accountKeyDeviceMetadata
     }
@@ -71,13 +77,13 @@
         @SerializedName("account_key") val accountKey: String?,
         @SerializedName("sha256_account_key_public_address") val accountKeyPublicAddress: String?,
         @SerializedName("fast_pair_device_metadata") val deviceMeta: FastPairDeviceMetadataData?,
-        @SerializedName("fast_pair_discovery_item") val discoveryItem: FastPairDiscoveryItemData?,
+        @SerializedName("fast_pair_discovery_item") val discoveryItem: FastPairDiscoveryItemData?
     ) {
         constructor(meta: FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata) : this(
             accountKey = meta.deviceAccountKey?.base64Encode(),
             accountKeyPublicAddress = meta.sha256DeviceAccountKeyPublicAddress?.base64Encode(),
             deviceMeta = meta.fastPairDeviceMetadata?.let { FastPairDeviceMetadataData(it) },
-            discoveryItem = meta.fastPairDiscoveryItem?.let { FastPairDiscoveryItemData(it) },
+            discoveryItem = meta.fastPairDiscoveryItem?.let { FastPairDiscoveryItemData(it) }
         )
 
         fun toFastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(): FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata {
@@ -92,7 +98,7 @@
 
     data class FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataData(
         @SerializedName("anti_spoofing_public_key_str") val antispoofPublicKey: String?,
-        @SerializedName("fast_pair_device_metadata") val deviceMeta: FastPairDeviceMetadataData?,
+        @SerializedName("fast_pair_device_metadata") val deviceMeta: FastPairDeviceMetadataData?
     ) {
         fun toFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(): FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata {
             return FastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata.Builder()
@@ -103,31 +109,21 @@
     }
 
     data class FastPairDeviceMetadataData(
-        @SerializedName("assistant_setup_half_sheet") val assistantSetupHalfSheet: String?,
-        @SerializedName("assistant_setup_notification") val assistantSetupNotification: String?,
         @SerializedName("ble_tx_power") val bleTxPower: Int,
-        @SerializedName("confirm_pin_description") val confirmPinDescription: String?,
-        @SerializedName("confirm_pin_title") val confirmPinTitle: String?,
         @SerializedName("connect_success_companion_app_installed") val compAppInstalled: String?,
         @SerializedName("connect_success_companion_app_not_installed") val comAppNotIns: String?,
         @SerializedName("device_type") val deviceType: Int,
         @SerializedName("download_companion_app_description") val downloadComApp: String?,
         @SerializedName("fail_connect_go_to_settings_description") val failConnectDes: String?,
-        @SerializedName("fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description") val accDes: String?,
         @SerializedName("image_url") val imageUrl: String?,
         @SerializedName("initial_notification_description") val initNotification: String?,
         @SerializedName("initial_notification_description_no_account") val initNoAccount: String?,
         @SerializedName("initial_pairing_description") val initialPairingDescription: String?,
         @SerializedName("intent_uri") val intentUri: String?,
-        @SerializedName("locale") val locale: String?,
         @SerializedName("name") val name: String?,
         @SerializedName("open_companion_app_description") val openCompanionAppDescription: String?,
         @SerializedName("retroactive_pairing_description") val retroactivePairingDes: String?,
         @SerializedName("subsequent_pairing_description") val subsequentPairingDescription: String?,
-        @SerializedName("sync_contacts_description") val syncContactsDescription: String?,
-        @SerializedName("sync_contacts_title") val syncContactsTitle: String?,
-        @SerializedName("sync_sms_description") val syncSmsDescription: String?,
-        @SerializedName("sync_sms_title") val syncSmsTitle: String?,
         @SerializedName("trigger_distance") val triggerDistance: Double,
         @SerializedName("case_url") val trueWirelessImageUrlCase: String?,
         @SerializedName("left_bud_url") val trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud: String?,
@@ -135,34 +131,24 @@
         @SerializedName("unable_to_connect_description") val unableToConnectDescription: String?,
         @SerializedName("unable_to_connect_title") val unableToConnectTitle: String?,
         @SerializedName("update_companion_app_description") val updateCompAppDes: String?,
-        @SerializedName("wait_launch_companion_app_description") val waitLaunchCompApp: String?,
+        @SerializedName("wait_launch_companion_app_description") val waitLaunchCompApp: String?
     ) {
         constructor(meta: FastPairDeviceMetadata) : this(
-            assistantSetupHalfSheet = meta.assistantSetupHalfSheet,
-            assistantSetupNotification = meta.assistantSetupNotification,
             bleTxPower = meta.bleTxPower,
-            confirmPinDescription = meta.confirmPinDescription,
-            confirmPinTitle = meta.confirmPinTitle,
             compAppInstalled = meta.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled,
             comAppNotIns = meta.connectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled,
             deviceType = meta.deviceType,
             downloadComApp = meta.downloadCompanionAppDescription,
             failConnectDes = meta.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription,
-            accDes = meta.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription,
             imageUrl = meta.imageUrl,
             initNotification = meta.initialNotificationDescription,
             initNoAccount = meta.initialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount,
             initialPairingDescription = meta.initialPairingDescription,
             intentUri = meta.intentUri,
-            locale = meta.locale,
             name = meta.name,
             openCompanionAppDescription = meta.openCompanionAppDescription,
             retroactivePairingDes = meta.retroactivePairingDescription,
             subsequentPairingDescription = meta.subsequentPairingDescription,
-            syncContactsDescription = meta.syncContactsDescription,
-            syncContactsTitle = meta.syncContactsTitle,
-            syncSmsDescription = meta.syncSmsDescription,
-            syncSmsTitle = meta.syncSmsTitle,
             triggerDistance = meta.triggerDistance.toDouble(),
             trueWirelessImageUrlCase = meta.trueWirelessImageUrlCase,
             trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud = meta.trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud,
@@ -170,36 +156,26 @@
             unableToConnectDescription = meta.unableToConnectDescription,
             unableToConnectTitle = meta.unableToConnectTitle,
             updateCompAppDes = meta.updateCompanionAppDescription,
-            waitLaunchCompApp = meta.waitLaunchCompanionAppDescription,
+            waitLaunchCompApp = meta.waitLaunchCompanionAppDescription
         )
 
         fun toFastPairDeviceMetadata(): FastPairDeviceMetadata {
             return FastPairDeviceMetadata.Builder()
-                .setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(assistantSetupHalfSheet)
-                .setAssistantSetupNotification(assistantSetupNotification)
                 .setBleTxPower(bleTxPower)
-                .setConfirmPinDescription(confirmPinDescription)
-                .setConfirmPinTitle(confirmPinTitle)
                 .setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(compAppInstalled)
                 .setConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled(comAppNotIns)
                 .setDeviceType(deviceType)
                 .setDownloadCompanionAppDescription(downloadComApp)
                 .setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(failConnectDes)
-                .setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(accDes)
                 .setImageUrl(imageUrl)
                 .setInitialNotificationDescription(initNotification)
                 .setInitialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount(initNoAccount)
                 .setInitialPairingDescription(initialPairingDescription)
                 .setIntentUri(intentUri)
-                .setLocale(locale)
                 .setName(name)
                 .setOpenCompanionAppDescription(openCompanionAppDescription)
                 .setRetroactivePairingDescription(retroactivePairingDes)
                 .setSubsequentPairingDescription(subsequentPairingDescription)
-                .setSyncContactsDescription(syncContactsDescription)
-                .setSyncContactsTitle(syncContactsTitle)
-                .setSyncSmsDescription(syncSmsDescription)
-                .setSyncSmsTitle(syncSmsTitle)
                 .setTriggerDistance(triggerDistance.toFloat())
                 .setTrueWirelessImageUrlCase(trueWirelessImageUrlCase)
                 .setTrueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud(trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud)
@@ -216,24 +192,15 @@
         @SerializedName("action_url") val actionUrl: String?,
         @SerializedName("action_url_type") val actionUrlType: Int,
         @SerializedName("app_name") val appName: String?,
-        @SerializedName("attachment_type") val attachmentType: Int,
         @SerializedName("authentication_public_key_secp256r1") val authenticationPublicKey: String?,
-        @SerializedName("ble_record_bytes") val bleRecordBytes: String?,
-        @SerializedName("debug_category") val debugCategory: Int,
-        @SerializedName("debug_message") val debugMessage: String?,
         @SerializedName("description") val description: String?,
         @SerializedName("device_name") val deviceName: String?,
         @SerializedName("display_url") val displayUrl: String?,
-        @SerializedName("entity_id") val entityId: String?,
-        @SerializedName("feature_graphic_url") val featureGraphicUrl: String?,
         @SerializedName("first_observation_timestamp_millis") val firstObservationMs: Long,
-        @SerializedName("group_id") val groupId: String?,
         @SerializedName("icon_fife_url") val iconFfeUrl: String?,
         @SerializedName("icon_png") val iconPng: String?,
         @SerializedName("id") val id: String?,
         @SerializedName("last_observation_timestamp_millis") val lastObservationMs: Long,
-        @SerializedName("last_user_experience") val lastUserExperience: Int,
-        @SerializedName("lost_millis") val lostMillis: Long,
         @SerializedName("mac_address") val macAddress: String?,
         @SerializedName("package_name") val packageName: String?,
         @SerializedName("pending_app_install_timestamp_millis") val pendingAppInstallMs: Long,
@@ -241,31 +208,21 @@
         @SerializedName("state") val state: Int,
         @SerializedName("title") val title: String?,
         @SerializedName("trigger_id") val triggerId: String?,
-        @SerializedName("tx_power") val txPower: Int,
-        @SerializedName("type") val type: Int,
+        @SerializedName("tx_power") val txPower: Int
     ) {
         constructor(item: FastPairDiscoveryItem) : this(
             actionUrl = item.actionUrl,
             actionUrlType = item.actionUrlType,
             appName = item.appName,
-            attachmentType = item.attachmentType,
             authenticationPublicKey = item.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1?.base64Encode(),
-            bleRecordBytes = item.bleRecordBytes?.base64Encode(),
-            debugCategory = item.debugCategory,
-            debugMessage = item.debugMessage,
             description = item.description,
             deviceName = item.deviceName,
             displayUrl = item.displayUrl,
-            entityId = item.entityId,
-            featureGraphicUrl = item.featureGraphicUrl,
             firstObservationMs = item.firstObservationTimestampMillis,
-            groupId = item.groupId,
             iconFfeUrl = item.iconFfeUrl,
             iconPng = item.iconPng?.base64Encode(),
             id = item.id,
             lastObservationMs = item.lastObservationTimestampMillis,
-            lastUserExperience = item.lastUserExperience,
-            lostMillis = item.lostMillis,
             macAddress = item.macAddress,
             packageName = item.packageName,
             pendingAppInstallMs = item.pendingAppInstallTimestampMillis,
@@ -273,8 +230,7 @@
             state = item.state,
             title = item.title,
             triggerId = item.triggerId,
-            txPower = item.txPower,
-            type = item.type,
+            txPower = item.txPower
         )
 
         fun toFastPairDiscoveryItem(): FastPairDiscoveryItem {
@@ -282,24 +238,15 @@
                 .setActionUrl(actionUrl)
                 .setActionUrlType(actionUrlType)
                 .setAppName(appName)
-                .setAttachmentType(attachmentType)
                 .setAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256r1(authenticationPublicKey?.base64Decode())
-                .setBleRecordBytes(bleRecordBytes?.base64Decode())
-                .setDebugCategory(debugCategory)
-                .setDebugMessage(debugMessage)
                 .setDescription(description)
                 .setDeviceName(deviceName)
                 .setDisplayUrl(displayUrl)
-                .setEntityId(entityId)
-                .setFeatureGraphicUrl(featureGraphicUrl)
                 .setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(firstObservationMs)
-                .setGroupId(groupId)
                 .setIconFfeUrl(iconFfeUrl)
                 .setIconPng(iconPng?.base64Decode())
                 .setId(id)
                 .setLastObservationTimestampMillis(lastObservationMs)
-                .setLastUserExperience(lastUserExperience)
-                .setLostMillis(lostMillis)
                 .setMacAddress(macAddress)
                 .setPackageName(packageName)
                 .setPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis(pendingAppInstallMs)
@@ -308,7 +255,6 @@
                 .setTitle(title)
                 .setTriggerId(triggerId)
                 .setTxPower(txPower)
-                .setType(type)
                 .build()
         }
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt
index ffc02a0..e924da1 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/data/FastPairTestDataManager.kt
@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@
 import android.content.Context
 import android.content.Intent
 import android.nearby.FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata
-import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.*
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_RESET_TEST_DATA_CACHE
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_SEND_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_SEND_ANTISPOOF_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_WRITE_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.DATA_JSON_STRING_KEY
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.DATA_MODEL_ID_STRING_KEY
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.FastPairTestDataCache
 import android.util.Log
 
 /** Manage local FastPairTestDataCache and receive/update the remote cache in test snippet. */
@@ -30,8 +36,11 @@
     /** Writes a FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata into local and remote cache.
      *
      * @param accountKeyDeviceMetadata the FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata to write.
+     * @return a json object string of the accountKeyDeviceMetadata.
      */
-    fun writeAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(accountKeyDeviceMetadata: FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata) {
+    fun writeAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(
+        accountKeyDeviceMetadata: FastPairAccountKeyDeviceMetadata
+    ): String {
         testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(accountKeyDeviceMetadata)
 
         val json =
@@ -41,6 +50,7 @@
             intent.putExtra(DATA_JSON_STRING_KEY, json)
             context.sendBroadcast(intent)
         }
+        return json
     }
 
     /**
@@ -62,7 +72,7 @@
             ACTION_SEND_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA -> {
                 Log.d(TAG, "ACTION_SEND_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA received!")
                 val json = intent.getStringExtra(DATA_JSON_STRING_KEY)!!
-                testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(json)
+                testDataCache.putAccountKeyDeviceMetadataJsonArray(json)
             }
             ACTION_RESET_TEST_DATA_CACHE -> {
                 Log.d(TAG, "ACTION_RESET_TEST_DATA_CACHE received!")
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/dataprovider/FastPairTestDataProviderService.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/dataprovider/FastPairTestDataProviderService.kt
index cec0607..aec1379 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/dataprovider/FastPairTestDataProviderService.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_service/fastpair_seeker_data_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/seeker/dataprovider/FastPairTestDataProviderService.kt
@@ -20,7 +20,10 @@
 import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.nearby.FastPairDataProviderService
 import android.nearby.FastPairEligibleAccount
-import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.*
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_RESET_TEST_DATA_CACHE
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_SEND_ACCOUNT_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.ACTION_SEND_ANTISPOOF_KEY_DEVICE_METADATA
+import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.FAKE_TEST_ACCOUNT_NAME
 import android.nearby.fastpair.seeker.data.FastPairTestDataManager
 import android.util.Log
 
@@ -58,7 +61,9 @@
         val fastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata =
             testDataManager.testDataCache.getAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(requestedModelId)
         if (fastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata != null) {
-            callback.onFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataReceived(fastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata)
+            callback.onFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadataReceived(
+                fastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata
+            )
         } else {
             Log.d(TAG, "No metadata available for $requestedModelId!")
             callback.onError(ERROR_CODE_BAD_REQUEST, "No metadata available for $requestedModelId")
@@ -91,7 +96,8 @@
     }
 
     override fun onManageFastPairAccount(
-        request: FastPairManageAccountRequest, callback: FastPairManageActionCallback
+        request: FastPairManageAccountRequest,
+        callback: FastPairManageActionCallback
     ) {
         val requestedAccount = request.account
         val requestType = request.requestType
@@ -101,22 +107,22 @@
     }
 
     override fun onManageFastPairAccountDevice(
-        request: FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequest, callback: FastPairManageActionCallback
+        request: FastPairManageAccountDeviceRequest,
+        callback: FastPairManageActionCallback
     ) {
         val requestedAccount = request.account
         val requestType = request.requestType
         val requestTypeString = if (requestType == MANAGE_REQUEST_ADD) "Add" else "Remove"
-        val requestedBleAddress = request.bleAddress
         val requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadata = request.accountKeyDeviceMetadata
         Log.d(
             TAG,
             "onManageFastPairAccountDevice(requestedAccount: $requestedAccount, " +
                     "requestType: $requestTypeString,"
         )
-        Log.d(TAG, "requestedBleAddress: $requestedBleAddress,")
-        Log.d(TAG, "requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadata: $requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadata)")
 
-        testDataManager.writeAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadata)
+        val requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadataInJson =
+            testDataManager.writeAccountKeyDeviceMetadata(requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadata)
+        Log.d(TAG, "requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadata: $requestedAccountKeyDeviceMetadataInJson)")
 
         callback.onSuccess()
     }
@@ -127,7 +133,7 @@
             FastPairEligibleAccount.Builder()
                 .setAccount(Account(FAKE_TEST_ACCOUNT_NAME, "FakeTestAccount"))
                 .setOptIn(true)
-                .build(),
+                .build()
         )
 
         private fun ByteArray.bytesToStringLowerCase(): String =
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/Android.bp
index 920834a..e01c436 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,16 @@
         "src/**/*.java",
         "src/**/*.kt",
     ],
-    sdk_version: "test_current",
+    sdk_version: "core_platform",
+    libs: [
+        // order matters: classes in framework-bluetooth are resolved before framework, meaning
+        // @hide APIs in framework-bluetooth are resolved before @SystemApi stubs in framework
+        "framework-bluetooth.impl",
+        "framework",
+
+        // if sdk_version="" this gets automatically included, but here we need to add manually.
+        "framework-res",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "NearbyFastPairProviderLiteProtos",
         "androidx.test.core",
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/Android.bp b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/Android.bp
index f3eed51..87d352f 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/Android.bp
@@ -16,9 +16,20 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+// Build and install NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorApp to your phone:
+// m NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorApp
+// adb root
+// adb remount && adb reboot (make first time remount work)
+//
+// adb root
+// adb remount
+// adb push ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/system/app/NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorApp /system/app/
+// adb reboot
 android_app {
     name: "NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorApp",
     sdk_version: "test_current",
+    // Sign with "platform" certificate for accessing Bluetooth @SystemAPI
+    certificate: "platform",
     static_libs: ["NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorLib"],
     optimize: {
         enabled: true,
@@ -30,16 +41,16 @@
 android_library {
     name: "NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorLib",
     sdk_version: "test_current",
-        srcs: [
-            "src/**/*.java",
-            "src/**/*.kt",
-        ],
-        static_libs: [
-            "NearbyFastPairProviderLib",
-            "NearbyFastPairProviderLiteProtos",
-            "NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorLiteProtos",
-            "androidx.annotation_annotation",
-            "error_prone_annotations",
-            "fast-pair-lite-protos",
-        ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/**/*.java",
+        "src/**/*.kt",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "NearbyFastPairProviderLib",
+        "NearbyFastPairProviderLiteProtos",
+        "NearbyFastPairProviderSimulatorLiteProtos",
+        "androidx.annotation_annotation",
+        "error_prone_annotations",
+        "fast-pair-lite-protos",
+    ],
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/proguard.flags b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/proguard.flags
index 28680b3..0827c60 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/proguard.flags
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/simulator_app/proguard.flags
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-# Keep simulator reflection callback.
--keep class android.nearby.fastpair.provider.** {
+# Keep AdvertisingSetCallback#onOwnAddressRead callback.
+-keep class * extends android.bluetooth.le.AdvertisingSetCallback {
      *;
 }
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/FastPairSimulator.java b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/FastPairSimulator.java
index 232e84b..0d5563e 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/FastPairSimulator.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/FastPairSimulator.java
@@ -107,8 +107,6 @@
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.Ltv;
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.MessageStreamHmacEncoder;
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.NamingEncoder;
-import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.Reflect;
-import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.ReflectionException;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Ascii;
 import com.google.common.primitives.Bytes;
@@ -185,15 +183,6 @@
 
     private static final long ADVERTISING_REFRESH_DELAY_1_MIN = TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1);
 
-    /** The user will be prompted to accept or deny the incoming pairing request */
-    public static final int PAIRING_VARIANT_CONSENT = 3;
-
-    /**
-     * The user will be prompted to enter the passkey displayed on remote device. This is used for
-     * Bluetooth 2.1 pairing.
-     */
-    public static final int PAIRING_VARIANT_DISPLAY_PASSKEY = 4;
-
     /**
      * The size of account key filter in bytes is (1.2*n + 3), n represents the size of account key,
      * see https://developers.google.com/nearby/fast-pair/spec#advertising_when_not_discoverable.
@@ -299,7 +288,7 @@
                         // the passkey later over GATT.
                         mLocalPasskey = key;
                         checkPasskey();
-                    } else if (variant == PAIRING_VARIANT_DISPLAY_PASSKEY) {
+                    } else if (variant == BluetoothDevice.PAIRING_VARIANT_DISPLAY_PASSKEY) {
                         if (mPasskeyEventCallback != null) {
                             mPasskeyEventCallback.onPasskeyRequested(
                                     FastPairSimulator.this::enterPassKey);
@@ -307,7 +296,7 @@
                             mLogger.log("passkeyEventCallback is not set!");
                             enterPassKey(key);
                         }
-                    } else if (variant == PAIRING_VARIANT_CONSENT) {
+                    } else if (variant == BluetoothDevice.PAIRING_VARIANT_CONSENT) {
                         setPasskeyConfirmation(true);
 
                     } else if (variant == BluetoothDevice.PAIRING_VARIANT_PIN) {
@@ -1969,14 +1958,7 @@
 
     public void enterPassKey(int passkey) {
         mLogger.log("enterPassKey called with passkey %d.", passkey);
-        try {
-            boolean result =
-                    (Boolean) Reflect.on(mPairingDevice).withMethod("setPasskey", int.class).get(
-                            passkey);
-            mLogger.log("enterPassKey called with result %b", result);
-        } catch (ReflectionException e) {
-            mLogger.log("enterPassKey meet Exception %s.", e.getMessage());
-        }
+        mPairingDevice.setPairingConfirmation(true);
     }
 
     private void checkPasskey() {
@@ -2290,19 +2272,11 @@
     }
 
     public void disconnect(BluetoothProfile profile, BluetoothDevice device) {
-        try {
-            Reflect.on(profile).withMethod("disconnect", BluetoothDevice.class).invoke(device);
-        } catch (ReflectionException e) {
-            mLogger.log(e, "Error disconnecting device=%s from profile=%s", device, profile);
-        }
+        device.disconnect();
     }
 
     public void removeBond(BluetoothDevice device) {
-        try {
-            Reflect.on(device).withMethod("removeBond").invoke();
-        } catch (ReflectionException e) {
-            mLogger.log(e, "Error removing bond for device=%s", device);
-        }
+        device.removeBond();
     }
 
     public void resetAccountKeys() {
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/OreoFastPairAdvertiser.java b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/OreoFastPairAdvertiser.java
index bb77c11..bc0cdfe 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/OreoFastPairAdvertiser.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/OreoFastPairAdvertiser.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
 
-import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
 import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseData;
 import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertiseSettings;
@@ -27,21 +26,17 @@
 import android.bluetooth.le.AdvertisingSetParameters;
 import android.bluetooth.le.BluetoothLeAdvertiser;
 import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils.Logger;
-import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
 import android.os.ParcelUuid;
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
 import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.Constants.FastPairService;
-import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.Reflect;
-import com.android.server.nearby.common.bluetooth.fastpair.ReflectionException;
 
 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
 import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.Locale;
 
 /** Fast Pair advertiser taking advantage of new Android Oreo advertising features. */
-@TargetApi(VERSION_CODES.O)
 public final class OreoFastPairAdvertiser implements FastPairAdvertiser {
     private static final String TAG = "OreoFastPairAdvertiser";
     private final Logger mLogger = new Logger(TAG);
@@ -63,13 +58,7 @@
                     mLogger.log("Advertising succeeded, advertising at %s dBm", txPower);
                     simulator.setIsAdvertising(true);
                     mAdvertisingSet = set;
-
-                    try {
-                        // Requires custom Android build, see callback below.
-                        Reflect.on(set).withMethod("getOwnAddress").invoke();
-                    } catch (ReflectionException e) {
-                        mLogger.log(e, "Error calling getOwnAddress for AdvertisingSet");
-                    }
+                    mAdvertisingSet.getOwnAddress();
                 } else {
                     mLogger.log(
                             new IllegalStateException(),
@@ -88,7 +77,8 @@
                 }
             }
 
-            // Called via reflection with AdvertisingSet.getOwnAddress().
+            // Callback for AdvertisingSet.getOwnAddress().
+            @Override
             public void onOwnAddressRead(
                     AdvertisingSet set, int addressType, String address) {
                 if (!address.equals(simulator.getBleAddress())) {
@@ -108,12 +98,7 @@
     public void startAdvertising(@Nullable byte[] serviceData) {
         // To be informed that BLE address is rotated, we need to polling query it asynchronously.
         if (mAdvertisingSet != null) {
-            try {
-                // Requires custom Android build, see callback: onOwnAddressRead.
-                Reflect.on(mAdvertisingSet).withMethod("getOwnAddress").invoke();
-            } catch (ReflectionException ignored) {
-                // Ignore it due to user already knows it when setting advertisingSet.
-            }
+            mAdvertisingSet.getOwnAddress();
         }
 
         if (mSimulator.isDestroyed()) {
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/bluetooth/BluetoothController.kt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/bluetooth/BluetoothController.kt
index 6a3e59e..0cc0c92 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/bluetooth/BluetoothController.kt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/bluetooth/BluetoothController.kt
@@ -26,15 +26,13 @@
 import android.content.IntentFilter
 import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.FastPairSimulator
 import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils.Logger
-import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils.Reflect
-import android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils.ReflectionException
 import android.os.SystemClock
 import android.provider.Settings
 
 /** Controls the local Bluetooth adapter for Fast Pair testing. */
 class BluetoothController(
     private val context: Context,
-    private val listener: EventListener,
+    private val listener: EventListener
 ) : BroadcastReceiver() {
     private val mLogger = Logger(TAG)
     private val bluetoothAdapter: BluetoothAdapter =
@@ -67,23 +65,10 @@
      * ```
      */
     fun setIoCapability(ioCapabilityClassic: Int, ioCapabilityBLE: Int) {
-        try {
-            Reflect.on(bluetoothAdapter)
-                .withMethod("setIoCapability", Int::class.javaPrimitiveType)[
-                    ioCapabilityClassic]
-        } catch (e: ReflectionException) {
-            mLogger.log(e, "Error setIoCapability to %s: %s", ioCapabilityClassic)
-        }
-        try {
-            Reflect.on(bluetoothAdapter)
-                .withMethod("setLeIoCapability", Int::class.javaPrimitiveType)[
-                    ioCapabilityBLE]
-        } catch (e: ReflectionException) {
-            mLogger.log(e, "Error setLeIoCapability to %s: %s", ioCapabilityBLE)
-        }
+        bluetoothAdapter.ioCapability = ioCapabilityClassic
+        bluetoothAdapter.leIoCapability = ioCapabilityBLE
 
         // Toggling airplane mode on/off to restart Bluetooth stack and reset the BLE.
-        // Since it also increases reliability, we will do so even if ReflectionException is caught.
         try {
             Settings.Global.putInt(
                 context.contentResolver,
@@ -165,7 +150,7 @@
 
                 override fun onServiceDisconnected(profile: Int) {}
             },
-            BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_A2DP_SINK
+            BluetoothProfile.A2DP_SINK
         )
     }
 
@@ -204,7 +189,8 @@
                         else -> remoteDevice
                     }
                 mLogger.log(
-                    "ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED, the bound state of the remote device (%s) change to %s.",
+                    "ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED, the bound state of " +
+                            "the remote device (%s) change to %s.",
                     remoteDevice?.remoteDeviceToString(),
                     bondState.bondStateToString()
                 )
@@ -284,9 +270,6 @@
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "BluetoothController"
 
-        /** Hidden SystemApi field in [BluetoothProfile] interface. */
-        private const val BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_A2DP_SINK = 11
-
         private const val TURN_AIRPLANE_MODE_OFF = 0
         private const val TURN_AIRPLANE_MODE_ON = 1
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/Reflect.java b/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/Reflect.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ae5310..0000000
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/Reflect.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils;
-
-import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
-import java.lang.reflect.Method;
-
-/**
- * Utilities for calling methods using reflection. The main benefit of using this helper is to avoid
- * complications around exception handling when calling methods reflectively. It's not safe to use
- * Java 8's multicatch on such exceptions, because the java compiler converts multicatch into
- * ReflectiveOperationException in some instances, which doesn't work on older sdk versions.
- * Instead, use these utilities and catch ReflectionException.
- *
- * <p>Example usage:
- *
- * <pre>{@code
- * try {
- *   Reflect.on(btAdapter)
- *       .withMethod("setScanMode", int.class)
- *       .invoke(BluetoothAdapter.SCAN_MODE_CONNECTABLE_DISCOVERABLE)
- * } catch (ReflectionException e) { }
- * }</pre>
- */
-public final class Reflect {
-    private final Object mTargetObject;
-
-    private Reflect(Object targetObject) {
-        this.mTargetObject = targetObject;
-    }
-
-    /** Creates an instance of this helper to invoke methods on the given target object. */
-    public static Reflect on(Object targetObject) {
-        return new Reflect(targetObject);
-    }
-
-    /** Finds a method with the given name and parameter types. */
-    public ReflectionMethod withMethod(String methodName, Class<?>... paramTypes)
-            throws ReflectionException {
-        try {
-            return new ReflectionMethod(mTargetObject.getClass().getMethod(methodName, paramTypes));
-        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
-            throw new ReflectionException(e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /** Represents an invokable method found reflectively. */
-    public final class ReflectionMethod {
-        private final Method mMethod;
-
-        private ReflectionMethod(Method method) {
-            this.mMethod = method;
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Invokes this instance method with the given parameters. The called method does not return
-         * a value.
-         */
-        public void invoke(Object... parameters) throws ReflectionException {
-            try {
-                mMethod.invoke(mTargetObject, parameters);
-            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
-                throw new ReflectionException(e);
-            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
-                throw new ReflectionException(e);
-            }
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Invokes this instance method with the given parameters. The called method returns a non
-         * null
-         * value.
-         */
-        public Object get(Object... parameters) throws ReflectionException {
-            Object value;
-            try {
-                value = mMethod.invoke(mTargetObject, parameters);
-            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
-                throw new ReflectionException(e);
-            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
-                throw new ReflectionException(e);
-            }
-            if (value == null) {
-                throw new ReflectionException(new NullPointerException());
-            }
-            return value;
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/initial_pairing_test.py b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/initial_pairing_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a49045
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/initial_pairing_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+"""CTS-V Nearby Mainline Fast Pair end-to-end test case: initial pairing test."""
+
+from test_helper import constants
+from test_helper import fast_pair_base_test
+
+# The model ID to simulate on provider side.
+PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_MODEL_ID = constants.DEFAULT_MODEL_ID
+# The public key to simulate as registered headsets.
+PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_ANTI_SPOOFING_KEY = constants.DEFAULT_ANTI_SPOOFING_KEY
+# The anti-spoof key device metadata JSON file for data provider at seeker side.
+PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_KDM_JSON_FILE = constants.DEFAULT_KDM_JSON_FILE
+
+# Time in seconds for events waiting.
+SETUP_TIMEOUT_SEC = constants.SETUP_TIMEOUT_SEC
+BECOME_DISCOVERABLE_TIMEOUT_SEC = constants.BECOME_DISCOVERABLE_TIMEOUT_SEC
+START_ADVERTISING_TIMEOUT_SEC = constants.START_ADVERTISING_TIMEOUT_SEC
+HALF_SHEET_POPUP_TIMEOUT_SEC = constants.HALF_SHEET_POPUP_TIMEOUT_SEC
+MANAGE_ACCOUNT_DEVICE_TIMEOUT_SEC = constants.AVERAGE_PAIRING_TIMEOUT_SEC * 2
+
+
+class InitialPairingTest(fast_pair_base_test.FastPairBaseTest):
+    """Fast Pair initial pairing test."""
+
+    def setup_test(self) -> None:
+        super().setup_test()
+        self._provider.start_model_id_advertising(PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_MODEL_ID,
+                                                  PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_ANTI_SPOOFING_KEY)
+        self._provider.wait_for_discoverable_mode(BECOME_DISCOVERABLE_TIMEOUT_SEC)
+        self._provider.wait_for_advertising_start(START_ADVERTISING_TIMEOUT_SEC)
+        self._seeker.put_anti_spoof_key_device_metadata(PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_MODEL_ID,
+                                                        PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_KDM_JSON_FILE)
+        self._seeker.set_fast_pair_scan_enabled(True)
+
+    # TODO(b/214015364): Remove Bluetooth bound on both sides ("Forget device").
+    def teardown_test(self) -> None:
+        self._seeker.set_fast_pair_scan_enabled(False)
+        self._provider.teardown_provider_simulator()
+        self._seeker.dismiss_halfsheet()
+        super().teardown_test()
+
+    def test_seeker_initial_pair_provider(self) -> None:
+        self._seeker.wait_and_assert_halfsheet_showed(
+            timeout_seconds=HALF_SHEET_POPUP_TIMEOUT_SEC,
+            expected_model_id=PROVIDER_SIMULATOR_MODEL_ID)
+        self._seeker.start_pairing()
+        self._seeker.wait_and_assert_account_device(
+            get_account_key_from_provider=self._provider.get_latest_received_account_key,
+            timeout_seconds=MANAGE_ACCOUNT_DEVICE_TIMEOUT_SEC)
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/suite_main.py b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/suite_main.py
index 406a4f0..4f5d48c 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/suite_main.py
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/suite_main.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 from mobly import suite_runner
 
+import initial_pairing_test
 import seeker_discover_provider_test
 import seeker_show_halfsheet_test
 
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@
 _TEST_CLASSES_LIST = [
     seeker_discover_provider_test.SeekerDiscoverProviderTest,
     seeker_show_halfsheet_test.SeekerShowHalfSheetTest,
+    initial_pairing_test.InitialPairingTest,
 ]
 
 
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_account_devicemeta_json.txt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_account_devicemeta_json.txt
index 6be58df..d3deb40 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_account_devicemeta_json.txt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_account_devicemeta_json.txt
@@ -19,20 +19,10 @@
       "subsequent_pairing_description": "Connect %s to this phone",
       "retroactive_pairing_description": "Save device to %s for faster pairing to your other devices",
       "wait_launch_companion_app_description": "This will take a few moments",
-      "fail_connect_go_to_settings_description": "Try manually pairing to the device by going to Settings",
-      "confirm_pin_title": "",
-      "confirm_pin_description": "",
-      "sync_contacts_title": "",
-      "sync_contacts_description": "",
-      "sync_sms_title": "",
-      "sync_sms_description": "",
-      "assistant_setup_half_sheet": "Get hands-free help on the go from Google Assistant",
-      "assistant_setup_notification": "Tap to set up your Google Assistant",
-      "fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description": "Select connect to pair your %s with this device"
+      "fail_connect_go_to_settings_description": "Try manually pairing to the device by going to Settings"
     },
     "fast_pair_discovery_item": {
       "id": "",
-      "type": 6,
       "mac_address": "",
       "action_url": "intent:#Intent;action=com.google.android.gms.nearby.discovery%3AACTION_MAGIC_PAIR;package=com.google.android.gms;component=com.google.android.gms\/.nearby.discovery.service.DiscoveryService;S.com.google.android.gms.nearby.discovery%3AEXTRA_COMPANION_APP=com.google.android.apps.wearables.maestro.companion;end",
       "device_name": "",
@@ -47,19 +37,10 @@
       "pending_app_install_timestamp_millis": 0,
       "tx_power": 0,
       "app_name": "",
-      "group_id": "",
-      "attachment_type": 0,
       "package_name": "",
-      "feature_graphic_url": "",
       "trigger_id": "",
       "icon_png": "",
       "icon_fife_url": "https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/2PffmZiopo2AjT8sshX0Se3jV-91cp4yOCIay2bBvZqKoKGVy5B4uyzdHsde6UrUSGaoCqV-h4edd5ZljA4oSGc",
-      "debug_message": "",
-      "debug_category": 0,
-      "lost_millis": 0,
-      "last_user_experience": 0,
-      "ble_record_bytes": "",
-      "entity_id": "",
       "authentication_public_key_secp256r1": "z+grhW8lWVA34JUQhXOxMrk1WqVy+VpEDd2K+01ZJvS6KdV0OUg7FRMzq+ITuOqKO\/2TIRKEAEfMKdyk2Ob1Vw=="
     }
   }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt
index c03d000..3611b03 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/pixelbuds-a_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
     "left_bud_url": "https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/O8SVJ5E7CXUkpkym7ibZbp6wypuO7HaTFcslT_FjmEzJX4KHoIY_kzLTdK2kwJXiDBgg8cC__sG-JJ5aVnQtFjQ",
     "right_bud_url": "https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/X_FsRmEKH_fgKzvopyrlyWJAdczRel42Tih7p9-e-U48gBTaggGVQx70K27TzlqIaqYVuaNpTnGoUsKIgiy4WA",
     "case_url": "https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/mNZ7CGplQSpZhoY79jXDQU4B65eY2f0SndnYZLk1PSm8zKTYeRU7REmrLL_pptD6HpVI2F_oQ6xhhtZKOvB8EQ",
-    "locale": "en-US",
     "initial_notification_description": "Tap to pair. Earbuds will be tied to %s",
     "initial_notification_description_no_account": "Tap to pair with this device",
     "open_companion_app_description": "Tap to finish setup",
@@ -24,15 +23,6 @@
     "subsequent_pairing_description": "Connect %s to this phone",
     "retroactive_pairing_description": "Save device to %s for faster pairing to your other devices",
     "wait_launch_companion_app_description": "This will take a few moments",
-    "fail_connect_go_to_settings_description": "Try manually pairing to the device by going to Settings",
-    "confirm_pin_title": "",
-    "confirm_pin_description": "",
-    "sync_contacts_title": "",
-    "sync_contacts_description": "",
-    "sync_sms_title": "",
-    "sync_sms_description": "",
-    "assistant_setup_half_sheet": "Get hands-free help on the go from Google Assistant",
-    "assistant_setup_notification": "Tap to set up your Google Assistant",
-    "fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description": "Select connect to pair your %s with this device"
+    "fail_connect_go_to_settings_description": "Try manually pairing to the device by going to Settings"
   }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_account_devicemeta_json.txt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_account_devicemeta_json.txt
index 392c443..ed60860 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_account_devicemeta_json.txt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_account_devicemeta_json.txt
@@ -3,17 +3,12 @@
     "account_key": "BPy5AaSyMfrFvMNgr6f7GA==",
     "sha256_account_key_public_address": "jNGRz+Ni6ZuLd8hVF3lmGoJnF5byXBUyVi9CmnrF1so=",
     "fast_pair_device_metadata": {
-      "assistant_setup_half_sheet": "Get hands-free help on the go from Google Assistant",
-      "assistant_setup_notification": "Tap to set up your Google Assistant",
       "ble_tx_power": 0,
       "case_url": "",
-      "confirm_pin_description": "",
-      "confirm_pin_title": "",
       "connect_success_companion_app_installed": "Your device is ready to be set up",
       "connect_success_companion_app_not_installed": "Download the device app on Google Play to see all available features",
       "device_type": 0,
       "fail_connect_go_to_settings_description": "Try manually pairing to the device by going to Settings",
-      "fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description": "Select connect to pair your %s with this device",
       "image_url": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/2PffmZiopo2AjT8sshX0Se3jV-91cp4yOCIay2bBvZqKoKGVy5B4uyzdHsde6UrUSGaoCqV-h4edd5ZljA4oSGc",
       "initial_notification_description": "Tap to pair. Earbuds will be tied to %s",
       "initial_notification_description_no_account": "Tap to pair with this device",
@@ -23,10 +18,6 @@
       "retroactive_pairing_description": "Save device to %s for faster pairing to your other devices",
       "right_bud_url": "",
       "subsequent_pairing_description": "Connect %s to this phone",
-      "sync_contacts_description": "",
-      "sync_contacts_title": "",
-      "sync_sms_description": "",
-      "sync_sms_title": "",
       "trigger_distance": 0,
       "wait_launch_companion_app_description": "This will take a few moments"
     },
@@ -34,24 +25,15 @@
       "action_url": "intent:#Intent;action=com.google.android.gms.nearby.discovery%3AACTION_MAGIC_PAIR;package=com.google.android.gms;component=com.google.android.gms/.nearby.discovery.service.DiscoveryService;S.com.google.android.gms.nearby.discovery%3AEXTRA_COMPANION_APP=com.google.android.apps.wearables.maestro.companion;end",
       "action_url_type": 2,
       "app_name": "",
-      "attachment_type": 0,
       "authentication_public_key_secp256r1": "z+grhW8lWVA34JUQhXOxMrk1WqVy+VpEDd2K+01ZJvS6KdV0OUg7FRMzq+ITuOqKO/2TIRKEAEfMKdyk2Ob1Vw==",
-      "ble_record_bytes": "",
-      "debug_category": 0,
-      "debug_message": "",
       "description": "Tap to pair with this device",
       "device_name": "",
       "display_url": "",
-      "entity_id": "",
-      "feature_graphic_url": "",
       "first_observation_timestamp_millis": 0,
-      "group_id": "",
       "icon_fife_url": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/2PffmZiopo2AjT8sshX0Se3jV-91cp4yOCIay2bBvZqKoKGVy5B4uyzdHsde6UrUSGaoCqV-h4edd5ZljA4oSGc",
       "icon_png": "",
       "id": "",
       "last_observation_timestamp_millis": 0,
-      "last_user_experience": 0,
-      "lost_millis": 0,
       "mac_address": "",
       "package_name": "",
       "pending_app_install_timestamp_millis": 0,
@@ -59,8 +41,7 @@
       "state": 1,
       "title": "Pixel Buds A-Series",
       "trigger_id": "",
-      "tx_power": 0,
-      "type": 6
+      "tx_power": 0
     }
   }
 ]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt
index 7cb29f4..fc9706a 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_data/fastpair/simulator_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt
@@ -1,34 +1,24 @@
 {
   "anti_spoofing_public_key_str": "sjp\/AOS7+VnTCaueeWorjdeJ8Nc32EOmpe\/QRhzY9+cMNELU1QA3jzgvUXdWW73nl6+EN01eXtLBu2Fw9CGmfA==",
   "fast_pair_device_metadata": {
-    "assistant_setup_half_sheet": "Get hands-free help on the go from Google Assistant",
-    "assistant_setup_notification": "Tap to set up your Google Assistant",
     "ble_tx_power": -10,
     "case_url": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/mNZ7CGplQSpZhoY79jXDQU4B65eY2f0SndnYZLk1PSm8zKTYeRU7REmrLL_pptD6HpVI2F_oQ6xhhtZKOvB8EQ",
-    "confirm_pin_description": "",
-    "confirm_pin_title": "",
     "connect_success_companion_app_installed": "Your device is ready to be set up",
     "connect_success_companion_app_not_installed": "Download the device app on Google Play to see all available features",
     "device_type": 7,
     "download_companion_app_description": "Tap to download device app on Google Play and see all features",
     "fail_connect_go_to_settings_description": "Try manually pairing to the device by going to Settings",
-    "fast_pair_tv_connect_device_no_account_description": "Select connect to pair your %s with this device",
     "image_url": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/THpAzISZGa5F86cMsBcTPhRWefBPc5dorBxWdOPCGvbFg6ZMHUjFuE-4kbLuoLoIMHf3Fd8jUvvcxnjp_Q",
     "initial_notification_description": "Tap to pair. Earbuds will be tied to %s",
     "initial_notification_description_no_account": "Tap to pair with this device",
     "initial_pairing_description": "%s will appear on devices linked with %s",
     "intent_uri": "intent:#Intent;action=com.google.android.gms.nearby.discovery%3AACTION_MAGIC_PAIR;package=com.google.android.gms;component=com.google.android.gms/.nearby.discovery.service.DiscoveryService;S.com.google.android.gms.nearby.discovery%3AEXTRA_COMPANION_APP=com.google.android.testapp;end",
     "left_bud_url": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/O8SVJ5E7CXUkpkym7ibZbp6wypuO7HaTFcslT_FjmEzJX4KHoIY_kzLTdK2kwJXiDBgg8cC__sG-JJ5aVnQtFjQ",
-    "locale": "en-US",
     "name": "Fast Pair Provider Simulator",
     "open_companion_app_description": "Tap to finish setup",
     "retroactive_pairing_description": "Save device to %s for faster pairing to your other devices",
     "right_bud_url": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/X_FsRmEKH_fgKzvopyrlyWJAdczRel42Tih7p9-e-U48gBTaggGVQx70K27TzlqIaqYVuaNpTnGoUsKIgiy4WA",
     "subsequent_pairing_description": "Connect %s to this phone",
-    "sync_contacts_description": "",
-    "sync_contacts_title": "",
-    "sync_sms_description": "",
-    "sync_sms_title": "",
     "trigger_distance": 0.6000000238418579,
     "unable_to_connect_description": "Try manually pairing to the device",
     "unable_to_connect_title": "Unable to connect",
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/constants.py b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/constants.py
index 646b428..342be8f 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/constants.py
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/constants.py
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@
 # Default anti-spoof Key Device Metadata JSON file for data provider at seeker side.
 DEFAULT_KDM_JSON_FILE = 'simulator_antispoofkey_devicemeta_json.txt'
 
-# Time in seconds for events waiting.
+# Time in seconds for events waiting according to Fast Pair certification guidelines:
+# https://developers.google.com/nearby/fast-pair/certification-guideline
 SETUP_TIMEOUT_SEC = 5
 BECOME_DISCOVERABLE_TIMEOUT_SEC = 10
 START_ADVERTISING_TIMEOUT_SEC = 5
-SCAN_TIMEOUT_SEC = 30
-HALF_SHEET_POPUP_TIMEOUT_SEC = 30
+SCAN_TIMEOUT_SEC = 5
+HALF_SHEET_POPUP_TIMEOUT_SEC = 5
+AVERAGE_PAIRING_TIMEOUT_SEC = 12
 
 # The phone to simulate Fast Pair provider (like headphone) needs changes in Android system:
 # 1. System permission check removal
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_provider_simulator.py b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_provider_simulator.py
index 8a98112..d6484fb 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_provider_simulator.py
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_provider_simulator.py
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 from mobly.controllers import android_device
 from mobly.controllers.android_device_lib import snippet_event
 import retry
+from typing import Optional
 
 from test_helper import event_helper
 
@@ -179,3 +180,11 @@
             on_received=_on_advertising_mode_change_event_received,
             on_waiting=_on_advertising_mode_change_event_waiting,
             on_missed=_on_advertising_mode_change_event_missed)
+
+    def get_latest_received_account_key(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Gets the latest account key received on the provider side.
+
+        Returns:
+          The account key received at provider side.
+        """
+        return self._ad.fp.getLatestReceivedAccountKey()
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_seeker.py b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_seeker.py
index cfdb966..64fc2f2 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_seeker.py
+++ b/nearby/tests/multidevices/host/test_helper/fast_pair_seeker.py
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
 
 """Fast Pair seeker role."""
 
+import json
+from typing import Callable, Optional
+
 from mobly import asserts
 from mobly.controllers import android_device
 from mobly.controllers.android_device_lib import snippet_event
@@ -26,10 +29,12 @@
 
 # Events reported from the seeker snippet.
 ON_PROVIDER_FOUND_EVENT = 'onDiscovered'
+ON_MANAGE_ACCOUNT_DEVICE_EVENT = 'onManageAccountDevice'
 
 # Abbreviations for common use type.
 AndroidDevice = android_device.AndroidDevice
 JsonObject = utils.JsonObject
+ProviderAccountKeyCallable = Callable[[], Optional[str]]
 SnippetEvent = snippet_event.SnippetEvent
 wait_for_event = event_helper.wait_callback_event
 
@@ -41,6 +46,7 @@
         self._ad = ad
         self._ad.debug_tag = 'MainlineFastPairSeeker'
         self._scan_result_callback = None
+        self._pairing_result_callback = None
 
     def load_snippet(self) -> None:
         """Starts the seeker snippet and connects.
@@ -58,18 +64,6 @@
         """Stops the Fast Pair seeker scanning."""
         self._ad.fp.stopScan()
 
-    def start_pair(self, model_id: str, address: str) -> None:
-        """Starts the Fast Pair seeker pairing.
-
-        Args:
-          model_id: A 3-byte hex string for seeker side to recognize the provider
-            device (ex: 0x00000C).
-          address: The BLE mac address of the Fast Pair provider.
-        """
-        self._ad.log.info('Before calling startPairing')
-        self._ad.fp.startPairing(model_id, address)
-        self._ad.log.info('After calling startPairing')
-
     def wait_and_assert_provider_found(self, timeout_seconds: int,
                                        expected_model_id: str,
                                        expected_ble_mac_address: str) -> None:
@@ -137,8 +131,8 @@
 
         Args:
           timeout_seconds: The number of seconds to wait before giving up.
-          expected_model_id: The expected model ID of the remote Fast Pair provider
-            device.
+          expected_model_id: A 3-byte hex string for seeker side to recognize
+            the remote provider device (ex: 0x00000c).
         """
         self._ad.log.info('Waits and asserts the half sheet showed for model id "%s".',
                           expected_model_id)
@@ -147,3 +141,46 @@
     def dismiss_halfsheet(self) -> None:
         """Dismisses the half sheet UI if showed."""
         self._ad.fp.dismissHalfSheet()
+
+    def start_pairing(self) -> None:
+        """Starts pairing the provider via "Connect" button on half sheet UI."""
+        self._pairing_result_callback = self._ad.fp.startPairing()
+
+    def wait_and_assert_account_device(
+            self, timeout_seconds: int,
+            get_account_key_from_provider: ProviderAccountKeyCallable) -> None:
+        """Waits and asserts the onHalfSheetShowed event from the seeker.
+
+        Args:
+          timeout_seconds: The number of seconds to wait before giving up.
+          get_account_key_from_provider: The callable to get expected account key from the provider
+            side.
+        """
+
+        def _on_manage_account_device_event_received(manage_account_device_event: SnippetEvent,
+                                                     elapsed_time: int) -> bool:
+            account_key_json_str = manage_account_device_event.data['accountDeviceJsonString']
+            account_key_from_seeker = json.loads(account_key_json_str)['account_key']
+            account_key_from_provider = get_account_key_from_provider()
+            self._ad.log.info('Seeker add an account device with account key "%s" in %d seconds.',
+                              account_key_from_seeker, elapsed_time)
+            self._ad.log.info('The latest provider side account key is "%s".',
+                              account_key_from_provider)
+            return account_key_from_seeker == account_key_from_provider
+
+        def _on_manage_account_device_event_waiting(elapsed_time: int) -> None:
+            self._ad.log.info(
+                'Still waiting "%s" event callback from seeker side '
+                'after %d seconds...', ON_MANAGE_ACCOUNT_DEVICE_EVENT, elapsed_time)
+
+        def _on_manage_account_device_event_missed() -> None:
+            asserts.fail(f'Timed out after {timeout_seconds} seconds waiting for '
+                         f'the specific "{ON_MANAGE_ACCOUNT_DEVICE_EVENT}" event.')
+
+        wait_for_event(
+            callback_event_handler=self._pairing_result_callback,
+            event_name=ON_MANAGE_ACCOUNT_DEVICE_EVENT,
+            timeout_seconds=timeout_seconds,
+            on_received=_on_manage_account_device_event_received,
+            on_waiting=_on_manage_account_device_event_waiting,
+            on_missed=_on_manage_account_device_event_missed)
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/android/nearby/ScanRequestTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/android/nearby/ScanRequestTest.java
index 020f6d6..a45d8bb 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/android/nearby/ScanRequestTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/android/nearby/ScanRequestTest.java
@@ -18,10 +18,8 @@
 
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_BALANCED;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_LOW_POWER;
-import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR;
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_PRESENCE;
-import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@
     public void testSetWorkSource() {
         WorkSource workSource = getWorkSource();
         ScanRequest request = new ScanRequest.Builder()
-                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE)
+                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
                 .setWorkSource(workSource)
                 .build();
 
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testSetWorkSource_nullValue() {
         ScanRequest request = new ScanRequest.Builder()
-                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_EXPOSURE_NOTIFICATION)
+                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
                 .setWorkSource(null)
                 .build();
 
@@ -106,14 +104,14 @@
     public void testToString() {
         WorkSource workSource = getWorkSource();
         ScanRequest request = new ScanRequest.Builder()
-                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE)
+                .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR)
                 .setScanMode(SCAN_MODE_BALANCED)
                 .setBleEnabled(true)
                 .setWorkSource(workSource)
                 .build();
 
         assertThat(request.toString()).isEqualTo(
-                "Request[scanType=2, scanMode=SCAN_MODE_BALANCED, "
+                "Request[scanType=1, scanMode=SCAN_MODE_BALANCED, "
                         + "enableBle=true, workSource=WorkSource{1001 android.nearby.tests}, "
                         + "scanFilters=[]]");
     }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtilsTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtilsTest.java
index 2926015..ebe72b3 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtilsTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/common/ble/util/RangingUtilsTest.java
@@ -32,17 +32,14 @@
     public void distanceFromRssi_getCorrectValue() {
         // Distance expected to be 1.0 meters based on an RSSI/TxPower of -41dBm
         // Using params: int rssi (dBm), int calibratedTxPower (dBm)
-        double distance = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssi(-41, -41);
+        double distance = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(-82, -41);
         assertThat(distance).isWithin(DELTA).of(1.0);
 
-        double distance2 = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssi(-70, -50);
+        double distance2 = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(-111, -50);
         assertThat(distance2).isWithin(DELTA).of(10.0);
 
-        // testing that the double values are not casted to integers
-        double distance3 = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssi(-67, -77);
-        assertThat(distance3).isWithin(DELTA).of(0.31622776601683794);
-
-        double distance4 = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssi(-50, -70);
+        //rssi txpower
+        double distance4 = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(-50, -29);
         assertThat(distance4).isWithin(DELTA).of(0.1);
     }
 
@@ -50,8 +47,17 @@
     public void testRssiFromDistance() {
         // RSSI expected at 1 meter based on the calibrated tx field of -41dBm
         // Using params: distance (m), int calibratedTxPower (dBm),
-        int rssi = RangingUtils.rssiFromDistance(1.0, -41);
+        int rssi = RangingUtils.rssiFromTargetDistance(1.0, -41);
 
-        assertThat(rssi).isEqualTo(-41);
+        assertThat(rssi).isEqualTo(-82);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testOutOfRange() {
+        double distance = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(-200, -41);
+        assertThat(distance).isWithin(DELTA).of(177.82794);
+
+        distance = RangingUtils.distanceFromRssiAndTxPower(200, -41);
+        assertThat(distance).isWithin(DELTA).of(0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandlerTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandlerTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..346a961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/FastPairAdvHandlerTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.nearby.fastpair;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.nearby.FastPairDevice;
+
+import com.android.server.nearby.common.locator.LocatorContextWrapper;
+import com.android.server.nearby.fastpair.halfsheet.FastPairHalfSheetManager;
+import com.android.server.nearby.fastpair.notification.FastPairNotificationManager;
+import com.android.server.nearby.provider.FastPairDataProvider;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import service.proto.Rpcs;
+
+public class FastPairAdvHandlerTest {
+    @Mock
+    private Context mContext;
+    @Mock
+    private FastPairDataProvider mFastPairDataProvider;
+    @Mock
+    private FastPairHalfSheetManager mFastPairHalfSheetManager;
+    @Mock
+    private FastPairNotificationManager mFastPairNotificationManager;
+    private static final String BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS = "AA:BB:CC:DD";
+    private static final int CLOSE_RSSI = -80;
+    private static final int FAR_AWAY_RSSI = -120;
+    private static final int TX_POWER = -70;
+    private static final byte[] INITIAL_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[]{0x01, 0x02, 0x03};
+
+    LocatorContextWrapper mLocatorContextWrapper;
+    FastPairAdvHandler mFastPairAdvHandler;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setup() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        mLocatorContextWrapper = new LocatorContextWrapper(mContext);
+        mLocatorContextWrapper.getLocator().overrideBindingForTest(
+                FastPairHalfSheetManager.class, mFastPairHalfSheetManager
+        );
+        mLocatorContextWrapper.getLocator().overrideBindingForTest(
+                FastPairNotificationManager.class, mFastPairNotificationManager
+        );
+        when(mFastPairDataProvider.loadFastPairAntispoofKeyDeviceMetadata(any()))
+                .thenReturn(Rpcs.GetObservedDeviceResponse.getDefaultInstance());
+        mFastPairAdvHandler = new FastPairAdvHandler(mLocatorContextWrapper, mFastPairDataProvider);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitialBroadcast() {
+        FastPairDevice fastPairDevice = new FastPairDevice.Builder()
+                .setData(INITIAL_BYTE_ARRAY)
+                .setBluetoothAddress(BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS)
+                .setRssi(CLOSE_RSSI)
+                .setTxPower(TX_POWER)
+                .build();
+
+        mFastPairAdvHandler.handleBroadcast(fastPairDevice);
+
+        verify(mFastPairHalfSheetManager).showHalfSheet(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInitialBroadcast_farAway_notShowHalfSheet() {
+        FastPairDevice fastPairDevice = new FastPairDevice.Builder()
+                .setData(INITIAL_BYTE_ARRAY)
+                .setBluetoothAddress(BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS)
+                .setRssi(FAR_AWAY_RSSI)
+                .setTxPower(TX_POWER)
+                .build();
+
+        mFastPairAdvHandler.handleBroadcast(fastPairDevice);
+
+        verify(mFastPairHalfSheetManager, never()).showHalfSheet(any());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubsequentBroadcast() {
+        byte[] fastPairRecordWithBloomFilter =
+                new byte[]{
+                        (byte) 0x02,
+                        (byte) 0x01,
+                        (byte) 0x02, // Flags
+                        (byte) 0x02,
+                        (byte) 0x0A,
+                        (byte) 0xEB, // Tx Power (-20)
+                        (byte) 0x0B,
+                        (byte) 0x16,
+                        (byte) 0x2C,
+                        (byte) 0xFE, // FastPair Service Data
+                        (byte) 0x00, // Flags (model ID length = 3)
+                        (byte) 0x40, // Account key hash flags (length = 4, type = 0)
+                        (byte) 0x11,
+                        (byte) 0x22,
+                        (byte) 0x33,
+                        (byte) 0x44, // Account key hash (0x11223344)
+                        (byte) 0x11, // Account key salt flags (length = 1, type = 1)
+                        (byte) 0x55, // Account key salt
+                };
+        FastPairDevice fastPairDevice = new FastPairDevice.Builder()
+                .setData(fastPairRecordWithBloomFilter)
+                .setBluetoothAddress(BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS)
+                .setRssi(CLOSE_RSSI)
+                .setTxPower(TX_POWER)
+                .build();
+
+        mFastPairAdvHandler.handleBroadcast(fastPairDevice);
+
+        verify(mFastPairHalfSheetManager, never()).showHalfSheet(any());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/testing/FakeDiscoveryItems.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/testing/FakeDiscoveryItems.java
index aa7e6f6..c406e47 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/testing/FakeDiscoveryItems.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/fastpair/testing/FakeDiscoveryItems.java
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
         item.setState(Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.State.STATE_ENABLED);
         item.setId(FAST_PAIR_ID);
         item.setDescription(DEFAULT_DESCRIPITON);
-        item.setType(Cache.NearbyType.NEARBY_DEVICE);
         item.setTriggerId(triggerId);
         item.setMacAddress(DEFAULT_MAC_ADDRESS);
         item.setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP);
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/metrics/NearbyMetricsTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/metrics/NearbyMetricsTest.java
index c4d1ee2..91962ce 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/metrics/NearbyMetricsTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/metrics/NearbyMetricsTest.java
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.server.nearby.metrics;
 
 import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_MODE_BALANCED;
-import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE;
+import static android.nearby.ScanRequest.SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR;
 
 import android.nearby.NearbyDeviceParcelable;
 import android.nearby.PublicCredential;
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
     private final ScanRequest.Builder mScanRequestBuilder =
             new ScanRequest.Builder()
                     .setScanMode(SCAN_MODE_BALANCED)
-                    .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE);
+                    .setScanType(SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR);
     private final ScanRequest mScanRequest = mScanRequestBuilder.setWorkSource(mWorkSource).build();
     private final ScanRequest mScanRequestWithEmptyWorkSource =
             mScanRequestBuilder.setWorkSource(mEmptyWorkSource).build();
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
                 SESSION_ID,
                 NearbyStatsLog
                         .NEARBY_DEVICE_SCAN_STATE_CHANGED__SCAN_STATE__NEARBY_SCAN_STATE_STARTED,
-                SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE,
+                SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR,
                 0,
                 0,
                 "",
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
                 SESSION_ID,
                 NearbyStatsLog
                         .NEARBY_DEVICE_SCAN_STATE_CHANGED__SCAN_STATE__NEARBY_SCAN_STATE_STARTED,
-                SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE,
+                SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR,
                 0,
                 0,
                 "",
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
                 SESSION_ID,
                 NearbyStatsLog
                         .NEARBY_DEVICE_SCAN_STATE_CHANGED__SCAN_STATE__NEARBY_SCAN_STATE_STOPPED,
-                SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE,
+                SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR,
                 0,
                 0,
                 "",
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
                 SESSION_ID,
                 NearbyStatsLog
                         .NEARBY_DEVICE_SCAN_STATE_CHANGED__SCAN_STATE__NEARBY_SCAN_STATE_STOPPED,
-                SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE,
+                SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR,
                 0,
                 0,
                 "",
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
                 SESSION_ID,
                 NearbyStatsLog
                         .NEARBY_DEVICE_SCAN_STATE_CHANGED__SCAN_STATE__NEARBY_SCAN_STATE_DISCOVERED,
-                SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE,
+                SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR,
                 SCAN_MEDIUM,
                 RSSI,
                 FAST_PAIR_MODEL_ID,
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
                 SESSION_ID,
                 NearbyStatsLog
                         .NEARBY_DEVICE_SCAN_STATE_CHANGED__SCAN_STATE__NEARBY_SCAN_STATE_DISCOVERED,
-                SCAN_TYPE_NEARBY_SHARE,
+                SCAN_TYPE_FAST_PAIR,
                 SCAN_MEDIUM,
                 RSSI,
                 FAST_PAIR_MODEL_ID,
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/UtilsTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/UtilsTest.java
index 205d5c2..eeea319 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/UtilsTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/provider/UtilsTest.java
@@ -310,13 +310,6 @@
     private static void ensureHappyPathAsExpected(FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel metadataParcel) {
         assertThat(metadataParcel).isNotNull();
 
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet).isEqualTo(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.assistantSetupNotification).isEqualTo(
-                ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
-
-
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.confirmPinDescription).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.confirmPinTitle).isEqualTo(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled).isEqualTo(
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled).isEqualTo(
@@ -326,8 +319,6 @@
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription).isEqualTo(
                 FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription).isEqualTo(
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.initialNotificationDescription).isEqualTo(
                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION);
@@ -341,10 +332,6 @@
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.subsequentPairingDescription).isEqualTo(
                 SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncContactsDescription).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncContactsTitle).isEqualTo(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncSmsDescription).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(metadataParcel.syncSmsTitle).isEqualTo(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
 
         assertThat(metadataParcel.trueWirelessImageUrlCase).isEqualTo(TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE);
         assertThat(metadataParcel.trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud).isEqualTo(
@@ -378,27 +365,18 @@
         assertThat(itemParcel.actionUrl).isEqualTo(ACTION_URL);
         assertThat(itemParcel.actionUrlType).isEqualTo(ACTION_URL_TYPE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.appName).isEqualTo(APP_NAME);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.attachmentType).isEqualTo(ATTACHMENT_TYPE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1)
                 .isEqualTo(AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.bleRecordBytes).isEqualTo(BLE_RECORD_BYTES);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.debugCategory).isEqualTo(DEBUG_CATEGORY);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.debugMessage).isEqualTo(DEBUG_MESSAGE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.description).isEqualTo(DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(itemParcel.deviceName).isEqualTo(DEVICE_NAME);
         assertThat(itemParcel.displayUrl).isEqualTo(DISPLAY_URL);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.entityId).isEqualTo(ENTITY_ID);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.featureGraphicUrl).isEqualTo(FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL);
         assertThat(itemParcel.firstObservationTimestampMillis)
                 .isEqualTo(FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.groupId).isEqualTo(GROUP_ID);
         assertThat(itemParcel.iconFifeUrl).isEqualTo(ICON_FIFE_URL);
         assertThat(itemParcel.iconPng).isEqualTo(ICON_PNG);
         assertThat(itemParcel.id).isEqualTo(ID);
         assertThat(itemParcel.lastObservationTimestampMillis)
                 .isEqualTo(LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.lastUserExperience).isEqualTo(LAST_USER_EXPERIENCE);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.lostMillis).isEqualTo(LOST_MILLIS);
         assertThat(itemParcel.macAddress).isEqualTo(MAC_ADDRESS);
         assertThat(itemParcel.packageName).isEqualTo(PACKAGE_NAME);
         assertThat(itemParcel.pendingAppInstallTimestampMillis)
@@ -408,7 +386,6 @@
         assertThat(itemParcel.title).isEqualTo(TITLE);
         assertThat(itemParcel.triggerId).isEqualTo(TRIGGER_ID);
         assertThat(itemParcel.txPower).isEqualTo(TX_POWER);
-        assertThat(itemParcel.type).isEqualTo(TYPE);
     }
 
     private static FastPairEligibleAccountParcel genHappyPathFastPairEligibleAccountParcel() {
@@ -461,19 +438,13 @@
     private static FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel genHappyPathFastPairDeviceMetadataParcel() {
         FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel parcel = new FastPairDeviceMetadataParcel();
 
-        parcel.assistantSetupHalfSheet = ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET;
-        parcel.assistantSetupNotification = ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION;
         parcel.bleTxPower = BLE_TX_POWER;
-        parcel.confirmPinDescription = CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.confirmPinTitle = CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE;
         parcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled = CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED;
         parcel.connectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled =
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_NOT_INSTALLED;
         parcel.deviceType = DEVICE_TYPE;
         parcel.downloadCompanionAppDescription = DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.failConnectGoToSettingsDescription = FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription =
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.image = IMAGE;
         parcel.imageUrl = IMAGE_URL;
         parcel.initialNotificationDescription = INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION;
@@ -481,15 +452,10 @@
                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT;
         parcel.initialPairingDescription = INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.intentUri = INTENT_URI;
-        parcel.locale = LOCALE;
         parcel.name = NAME;
         parcel.openCompanionAppDescription = OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.retroactivePairingDescription = RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.subsequentPairingDescription = SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.syncContactsDescription = SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION;
-        parcel.syncContactsTitle = SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE;
-        parcel.syncSmsDescription = SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION;
-        parcel.syncSmsTitle = SYNC_SMS_TITLE;
         parcel.triggerDistance = TRIGGER_DISTANCE;
         parcel.trueWirelessImageUrlCase = TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_CASE;
         parcel.trueWirelessImageUrlLeftBud = TRUE_WIRELESS_IMAGE_URL_LEFT_BUD;
@@ -508,30 +474,18 @@
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setActionUrl(ACTION_URL);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setActionUrlType(Cache.ResolvedUrlType.WEBPAGE);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setAppName(APP_NAME);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setAttachmentType(
-                Cache.DiscoveryAttachmentType.DISCOVERY_ATTACHMENT_TYPE_NORMAL);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setAuthenticationPublicKeySecp256R1(
                 ByteString.copyFrom(AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1));
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setBleRecordBytes(ByteString.copyFrom(BLE_RECORD_BYTES));
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDebugCategory(
-                Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.DebugMessageCategory.STATUS_VALID_NOTIFICATION);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDebugMessage(DEBUG_MESSAGE);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDescription(DESCRIPTION);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDeviceName(DEVICE_NAME);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setDisplayUrl(DISPLAY_URL);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setEntityId(ENTITY_ID);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setFeatureGraphicUrl(FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setFirstObservationTimestampMillis(
                 FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setGroupId(GROUP_ID);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setIconFifeUrl(ICON_FIFE_URL);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setIconPng(ByteString.copyFrom(ICON_PNG));
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setId(ID);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setLastObservationTimestampMillis(
                 LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setLastUserExperience(
-                Cache.StoredDiscoveryItem.ExperienceType.EXPERIENCE_GOOD);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setLostMillis(LOST_MILLIS);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setMacAddress(MAC_ADDRESS);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setPackageName(PACKAGE_NAME);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setPendingAppInstallTimestampMillis(
@@ -541,21 +495,14 @@
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setTitle(TITLE);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setTriggerId(TRIGGER_ID);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setTxPower(TX_POWER);
-        storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setType(Cache.NearbyType.NEARBY_PROXIMITY_BEACON);
 
         FastPairStrings.Builder stringsBuilder = FastPairStrings.newBuilder();
-        stringsBuilder.setAssistantHalfSheetDescription(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET);
-        stringsBuilder.setAssistantNotificationDescription(ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION);
-        stringsBuilder.setConfirmPinDescription(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION);
-        stringsBuilder.setConfirmPinTitle(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE);
         stringsBuilder.setPairingFinishedCompanionAppInstalled(
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED);
         stringsBuilder.setPairingFinishedCompanionAppNotInstalled(
                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_NOT_INSTALLED);
         stringsBuilder.setPairingFailDescription(
                 FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION);
-        stringsBuilder.setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
         stringsBuilder.setTapToPairWithAccount(
                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION);
         stringsBuilder.setTapToPairWithoutAccount(
@@ -563,10 +510,6 @@
         stringsBuilder.setInitialPairingDescription(INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         stringsBuilder.setRetroactivePairingDescription(RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
         stringsBuilder.setSubsequentPairingDescription(SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION);
-        stringsBuilder.setSyncContactsDescription(SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION);
-        stringsBuilder.setSyncContactsTitle(SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE);
-        stringsBuilder.setSyncSmsDescription(SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION);
-        stringsBuilder.setSyncSmsTitle(SYNC_SMS_TITLE);
         stringsBuilder.setWaitAppLaunchDescription(WAIT_LAUNCH_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         storedDiscoveryItemBuilder.setFastPairStrings(stringsBuilder.build());
 
@@ -606,24 +549,15 @@
         parcel.actionUrl = ACTION_URL;
         parcel.actionUrlType = ACTION_URL_TYPE;
         parcel.appName = APP_NAME;
-        parcel.attachmentType = ATTACHMENT_TYPE;
         parcel.authenticationPublicKeySecp256r1 = AUTHENTICATION_PUBLIC_KEY_SEC_P256R1;
-        parcel.bleRecordBytes = BLE_RECORD_BYTES;
-        parcel.debugCategory = DEBUG_CATEGORY;
-        parcel.debugMessage = DEBUG_MESSAGE;
         parcel.description = DESCRIPTION;
         parcel.deviceName = DEVICE_NAME;
         parcel.displayUrl = DISPLAY_URL;
-        parcel.entityId = ENTITY_ID;
-        parcel.featureGraphicUrl = FEATURE_GRAPHIC_URL;
         parcel.firstObservationTimestampMillis = FIRST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS;
-        parcel.groupId = GROUP_ID;
         parcel.iconFifeUrl = ICON_FIFE_URL;
         parcel.iconPng = ICON_PNG;
         parcel.id = ID;
         parcel.lastObservationTimestampMillis = LAST_OBSERVATION_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS;
-        parcel.lastUserExperience = LAST_USER_EXPERIENCE;
-        parcel.lostMillis = LOST_MILLIS;
         parcel.macAddress = MAC_ADDRESS;
         parcel.packageName = PACKAGE_NAME;
         parcel.pendingAppInstallTimestampMillis = PENDING_APP_INSTALL_TIMESTAMP_MILLIS;
@@ -632,7 +566,6 @@
         parcel.title = TITLE;
         parcel.triggerId = TRIGGER_ID;
         parcel.txPower = TX_POWER;
-        parcel.type = TYPE;
 
         return parcel;
     }
@@ -659,10 +592,6 @@
                 .setDevice(deviceBuilder.build())
                 .setImage(ByteString.copyFrom(IMAGE))
                 .setStrings(Rpcs.ObservedDeviceStrings.newBuilder()
-                        .setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(ASSISTANT_SETUP_HALFSHEET)
-                        .setAssistantSetupNotification(ASSISTANT_SETUP_NOTIFICATION)
-                        .setConfirmPinDescription(CONFIRM_PIN_DESCRIPTION)
-                        .setConfirmPinTitle(CONFIRM_PIN_TITLE)
                         .setConnectSuccessCompanionAppInstalled(
                                 CONNECT_SUCCESS_COMPANION_APP_INSTALLED)
                         .setConnectSuccessCompanionAppNotInstalled(
@@ -671,29 +600,18 @@
                                 DOWNLOAD_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION)
                         .setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(
                                 FAIL_CONNECT_GOTO_SETTINGS_DESCRIPTION)
-                        .setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                                FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION)
                         .setInitialNotificationDescription(
                                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION)
                         .setInitialNotificationDescriptionNoAccount(
                                 INITIAL_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION_NO_ACCOUNT)
                         .setInitialPairingDescription(
                                 INITIAL_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION)
-                        .setLocale(LOCALE)
                         .setOpenCompanionAppDescription(
                                 OPEN_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION)
                         .setRetroactivePairingDescription(
                                 RETRO_ACTIVE_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION)
                         .setSubsequentPairingDescription(
                                 SUBSEQUENT_PAIRING_DESCRIPTION)
-                        .setSyncContactsDescription(
-                                SYNC_CONTACT_DESCRPTION)
-                        .setSyncContactsTitle(
-                                SYNC_CONTACTS_TITLE)
-                        .setSyncSmsDescription(
-                                SYNC_SMS_DESCRIPTION)
-                        .setSyncSmsTitle(
-                                SYNC_SMS_TITLE)
                         .setUnableToConnectDescription(
                                 UNABLE_TO_CONNECT_DESCRIPTION)
                         .setUnableToConnectTitle(
diff --git a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtilsTest.java b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtilsTest.java
index 9152c07..f098600 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtilsTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/nearby/util/DataUtilsTest.java
@@ -92,12 +92,6 @@
                 .isEqualTo(MESSAGE_WAIT_LAUNCH_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION);
         assertThat(strings.getPairingFailDescription())
                 .isEqualTo(MESSAGE_FAIL_CONNECT_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(strings.getAssistantHalfSheetDescription())
-                .isEqualTo(MESSAGE_ASSISTANT_HALF_SHEET_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(strings.getAssistantNotificationDescription())
-                .isEqualTo(MESSAGE_ASSISTANT_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION);
-        assertThat(strings.getFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription())
-                .isEqualTo(MESSAGE_FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -124,10 +118,7 @@
                         + "subsequentPairingDescription=message 6, "
                         + "retroactivePairingDescription=message 7, "
                         + "waitAppLaunchDescription=message 8, "
-                        + "pairingFailDescription=message 9, "
-                        + "assistantHalfSheetDescription=message 11, "
-                        + "assistantNotificationDescription=message 12, "
-                        + "fastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription=message 10]");
+                        + "pairingFailDescription=message 9]");
     }
 
     private static GetObservedDeviceResponse createObservedDeviceResponse() {
@@ -168,13 +159,7 @@
                                 .setWaitLaunchCompanionAppDescription(
                                         MESSAGE_WAIT_LAUNCH_COMPANION_APP_DESCRIPTION)
                                 .setFailConnectGoToSettingsDescription(
-                                        MESSAGE_FAIL_CONNECT_DESCRIPTION)
-                                .setAssistantSetupHalfSheet(
-                                        MESSAGE_ASSISTANT_HALF_SHEET_DESCRIPTION)
-                                .setAssistantSetupNotification(
-                                        MESSAGE_ASSISTANT_NOTIFICATION_DESCRIPTION)
-                                .setFastPairTvConnectDeviceNoAccountDescription(
-                                        MESSAGE_FAST_PAIR_TV_CONNECT_DEVICE_NO_ACCOUNT_DESCRIPTION))
+                                        MESSAGE_FAIL_CONNECT_DESCRIPTION))
                 .build();
     }
 }
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
index 8851554..50dd995 100644
--- a/service-t/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+// Include build rules from Sources.bp
+build = ["Sources.bp"]
+
 // This builds T+ services depending on framework-connectivity-t
 // hidden symbols separately from the S+ services, to ensure that S+
 // services cannot accidentally depend on T+ hidden symbols from
diff --git a/service-t/Sources.bp b/service-t/Sources.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04866fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/Sources.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// NetworkStats related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-netstats-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/com/android/server/net/NetworkIdentity*.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStats*.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapKey.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapValue.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapValue.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// For test code only.
+filegroup {
+    name: "lib_networkStatsFactory_native",
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory.cpp",
+    ],
+    path: "jni",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-netstats-jni-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory.cpp",
+        "jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp",
+    ],
+    path: "jni",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Nsd related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-nsd-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/com/android/server/INativeDaemon*.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/NativeDaemon*.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/Nsd*.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// IpSec related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-ipsec-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//visibility:private",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Ethernet related libraries.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-ethernet-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        "src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java",
+        "src/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStore.java",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Connectivity-T common libraries.
+
+// TODO: remove this empty filegroup.
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-tiramisu-sources",
+    srcs: [],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: ["//frameworks/base/services/core"],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "services.connectivity-tiramisu-updatable-sources",
+    srcs: [
+        ":services.connectivity-ethernet-sources",
+        ":services.connectivity-ipsec-sources",
+        ":services.connectivity-netstats-sources",
+        ":services.connectivity-nsd-sources",
+    ],
+    path: "src",
+    visibility: [
+        "//packages/modules/Connectivity:__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libcom_android_net_module_util_jni",
+    min_sdk_version: "30",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "jni/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    stl: "libc++_static",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_bpfjni",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    apex_available: [
+        "//apex_available:platform",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory.cpp b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b6526f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetworkStats"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <jni.h>
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedPrimitiveArray.h>
+
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/misc.h>
+
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
+#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
+#include "netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h"
+
+using android::bpf::parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail;
+using android::bpf::stats_line;
+
+namespace android {
+
+static jclass gStringClass;
+
+static struct {
+    jfieldID size;
+    jfieldID capacity;
+    jfieldID iface;
+    jfieldID uid;
+    jfieldID set;
+    jfieldID tag;
+    jfieldID metered;
+    jfieldID roaming;
+    jfieldID defaultNetwork;
+    jfieldID rxBytes;
+    jfieldID rxPackets;
+    jfieldID txBytes;
+    jfieldID txPackets;
+    jfieldID operations;
+} gNetworkStatsClassInfo;
+
+static jobjectArray get_string_array(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jfieldID field, int size, bool grow)
+{
+    if (!grow) {
+        jobjectArray array = (jobjectArray)env->GetObjectField(obj, field);
+        if (array != NULL) {
+            return array;
+        }
+    }
+    return env->NewObjectArray(size, gStringClass, NULL);
+}
+
+static jintArray get_int_array(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jfieldID field, int size, bool grow)
+{
+    if (!grow) {
+        jintArray array = (jintArray)env->GetObjectField(obj, field);
+        if (array != NULL) {
+            return array;
+        }
+    }
+    return env->NewIntArray(size);
+}
+
+static jlongArray get_long_array(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj, jfieldID field, int size, bool grow)
+{
+    if (!grow) {
+        jlongArray array = (jlongArray)env->GetObjectField(obj, field);
+        if (array != NULL) {
+            return array;
+        }
+    }
+    return env->NewLongArray(size);
+}
+
+static int legacyReadNetworkStatsDetail(std::vector<stats_line>* lines,
+                                        const std::vector<std::string>& limitIfaces,
+                                        int limitTag, int limitUid, const char* path) {
+    FILE* fp = fopen(path, "re");
+    if (fp == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int lastIdx = 1;
+    int idx;
+    char buffer[384];
+    while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp) != NULL) {
+        stats_line s;
+        int64_t rawTag;
+        char* pos = buffer;
+        char* endPos;
+        // First field is the index.
+        idx = (int)strtol(pos, &endPos, 10);
+        //ALOGI("Index #%d: %s", idx, buffer);
+        if (pos == endPos) {
+            // Skip lines that don't start with in index.  In particular,
+            // this will skip the initial header line.
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (idx != lastIdx + 1) {
+            ALOGE("inconsistent idx=%d after lastIdx=%d: %s", idx, lastIdx, buffer);
+            fclose(fp);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        lastIdx = idx;
+        pos = endPos;
+        // Skip whitespace.
+        while (*pos == ' ') {
+            pos++;
+        }
+        // Next field is iface.
+        int ifaceIdx = 0;
+        while (*pos != ' ' && *pos != 0 && ifaceIdx < (int)(sizeof(s.iface)-1)) {
+            s.iface[ifaceIdx] = *pos;
+            ifaceIdx++;
+            pos++;
+        }
+        if (*pos != ' ') {
+            ALOGE("bad iface: %s", buffer);
+            fclose(fp);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        s.iface[ifaceIdx] = 0;
+        if (limitIfaces.size() > 0) {
+            // Is this an iface the caller is interested in?
+            int i = 0;
+            while (i < (int)limitIfaces.size()) {
+                if (limitIfaces[i] == s.iface) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                i++;
+            }
+            if (i >= (int)limitIfaces.size()) {
+                // Nothing matched; skip this line.
+                //ALOGI("skipping due to iface: %s", buffer);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Ignore whitespace
+        while (*pos == ' ') pos++;
+
+        // Find end of tag field
+        endPos = pos;
+        while (*endPos != ' ') endPos++;
+
+        // Three digit field is always 0x0, otherwise parse
+        if (endPos - pos == 3) {
+            rawTag = 0;
+        } else {
+            if (sscanf(pos, "%" PRIx64, &rawTag) != 1) {
+                ALOGE("bad tag: %s", pos);
+                fclose(fp);
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        s.tag = rawTag >> 32;
+        if (limitTag != -1 && s.tag != static_cast<uint32_t>(limitTag)) {
+            //ALOGI("skipping due to tag: %s", buffer);
+            continue;
+        }
+        pos = endPos;
+
+        // Ignore whitespace
+        while (*pos == ' ') pos++;
+
+        // Parse remaining fields.
+        if (sscanf(pos, "%u %u %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64 " %" PRIu64,
+                &s.uid, &s.set, &s.rxBytes, &s.rxPackets,
+                &s.txBytes, &s.txPackets) == 6) {
+            if (limitUid != -1 && static_cast<uint32_t>(limitUid) != s.uid) {
+                //ALOGI("skipping due to uid: %s", buffer);
+                continue;
+            }
+            lines->push_back(s);
+        } else {
+            //ALOGI("skipping due to bad remaining fields: %s", pos);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (fclose(fp) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to close netstats file");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int statsLinesToNetworkStats(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jobject stats,
+                            std::vector<stats_line>& lines) {
+    int size = lines.size();
+
+    bool grow = size > env->GetIntField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.capacity);
+
+    ScopedLocalRef<jobjectArray> iface(env, get_string_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.iface, size, grow));
+    if (iface.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedIntArrayRW uid(env, get_int_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.uid, size, grow));
+    if (uid.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedIntArrayRW set(env, get_int_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.set, size, grow));
+    if (set.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedIntArrayRW tag(env, get_int_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.tag, size, grow));
+    if (tag.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedIntArrayRW metered(env, get_int_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.metered, size, grow));
+    if (metered.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedIntArrayRW roaming(env, get_int_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.roaming, size, grow));
+    if (roaming.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedIntArrayRW defaultNetwork(env, get_int_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.defaultNetwork, size, grow));
+    if (defaultNetwork.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedLongArrayRW rxBytes(env, get_long_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.rxBytes, size, grow));
+    if (rxBytes.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedLongArrayRW rxPackets(env, get_long_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.rxPackets, size, grow));
+    if (rxPackets.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedLongArrayRW txBytes(env, get_long_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.txBytes, size, grow));
+    if (txBytes.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedLongArrayRW txPackets(env, get_long_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.txPackets, size, grow));
+    if (txPackets.get() == NULL) return -1;
+    ScopedLongArrayRW operations(env, get_long_array(env, stats,
+            gNetworkStatsClassInfo.operations, size, grow));
+    if (operations.get() == NULL) return -1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        ScopedLocalRef<jstring> ifaceString(env, env->NewStringUTF(lines[i].iface));
+        env->SetObjectArrayElement(iface.get(), i, ifaceString.get());
+
+        uid[i] = lines[i].uid;
+        set[i] = lines[i].set;
+        tag[i] = lines[i].tag;
+        // Metered, roaming and defaultNetwork are populated in Java-land.
+        rxBytes[i] = lines[i].rxBytes;
+        rxPackets[i] = lines[i].rxPackets;
+        txBytes[i] = lines[i].txBytes;
+        txPackets[i] = lines[i].txPackets;
+    }
+
+    env->SetIntField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.size, size);
+    if (grow) {
+        env->SetIntField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.capacity, size);
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.iface, iface.get());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.uid, uid.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.set, set.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.tag, tag.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.metered, metered.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.roaming, roaming.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.defaultNetwork,
+                defaultNetwork.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.rxBytes, rxBytes.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.rxPackets, rxPackets.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.txBytes, txBytes.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.txPackets, txPackets.getJavaArray());
+        env->SetObjectField(stats, gNetworkStatsClassInfo.operations, operations.getJavaArray());
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int readNetworkStatsDetail(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jobject stats, jstring path,
+                                  jint limitUid, jobjectArray limitIfacesObj, jint limitTag,
+                                  jboolean useBpfStats) {
+
+    std::vector<std::string> limitIfaces;
+    if (limitIfacesObj != NULL && env->GetArrayLength(limitIfacesObj) > 0) {
+        int num = env->GetArrayLength(limitIfacesObj);
+        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+            jstring string = (jstring)env->GetObjectArrayElement(limitIfacesObj, i);
+            ScopedUtfChars string8(env, string);
+            if (string8.c_str() != NULL) {
+                limitIfaces.push_back(std::string(string8.c_str()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+
+
+    if (useBpfStats) {
+        if (parseBpfNetworkStatsDetail(&lines, limitIfaces, limitTag, limitUid) < 0)
+            return -1;
+    } else {
+        ScopedUtfChars path8(env, path);
+        if (path8.c_str() == NULL) {
+            ALOGE("the qtaguid legacy path is invalid: %s", path8.c_str());
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (legacyReadNetworkStatsDetail(&lines, limitIfaces, limitTag,
+                                         limitUid, path8.c_str()) < 0)
+            return -1;
+    }
+
+    return statsLinesToNetworkStats(env, clazz, stats, lines);
+}
+
+static int readNetworkStatsDev(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jobject stats) {
+    std::vector<stats_line> lines;
+
+    if (parseBpfNetworkStatsDev(&lines) < 0)
+            return -1;
+
+    return statsLinesToNetworkStats(env, clazz, stats, lines);
+}
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+        { "nativeReadNetworkStatsDetail",
+                "(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;Ljava/lang/String;I[Ljava/lang/String;IZ)I",
+                (void*) readNetworkStatsDetail },
+        { "nativeReadNetworkStatsDev", "(Landroid/net/NetworkStats;)I",
+                (void*) readNetworkStatsDev },
+};
+
+int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsFactory(JNIEnv* env) {
+    int err = jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory", gMethods,
+            NELEM(gMethods));
+    gStringClass = env->FindClass("java/lang/String");
+    gStringClass = static_cast<jclass>(env->NewGlobalRef(gStringClass));
+
+    jclass clazz = env->FindClass("android/net/NetworkStats");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.size = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "size", "I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.capacity = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "capacity", "I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.iface = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "iface", "[Ljava/lang/String;");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.uid = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "uid", "[I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.set = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "set", "[I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.tag = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "tag", "[I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.metered = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "metered", "[I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.roaming = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "roaming", "[I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.defaultNetwork = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "defaultNetwork", "[I");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.rxBytes = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "rxBytes", "[J");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.rxPackets = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "rxPackets", "[J");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.txBytes = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "txBytes", "[J");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.txPackets = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "txPackets", "[J");
+    gNetworkStatsClassInfo.operations = env->GetFieldID(clazz, "operations", "[J");
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39cbaf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/jni/com_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetworkStatsNative"
+
+#include <cutils/qtaguid.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <jni.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/misc.h>
+
+#include "bpf/BpfUtils.h"
+#include "netdbpf/BpfNetworkStats.h"
+
+using android::bpf::bpfGetUidStats;
+using android::bpf::bpfGetIfaceStats;
+
+namespace android {
+
+// NOTE: keep these in sync with TrafficStats.java
+static const uint64_t UNKNOWN = -1;
+
+enum StatsType {
+    RX_BYTES = 0,
+    RX_PACKETS = 1,
+    TX_BYTES = 2,
+    TX_PACKETS = 3,
+    TCP_RX_PACKETS = 4,
+    TCP_TX_PACKETS = 5
+};
+
+static uint64_t getStatsType(Stats* stats, StatsType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RX_BYTES:
+            return stats->rxBytes;
+        case RX_PACKETS:
+            return stats->rxPackets;
+        case TX_BYTES:
+            return stats->txBytes;
+        case TX_PACKETS:
+            return stats->txPackets;
+        case TCP_RX_PACKETS:
+            return stats->tcpRxPackets;
+        case TCP_TX_PACKETS:
+            return stats->tcpTxPackets;
+        default:
+            return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+}
+
+static jlong getTotalStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint type) {
+    Stats stats = {};
+
+    if (bpfGetIfaceStats(NULL, &stats) == 0) {
+        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+    } else {
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+}
+
+static jlong getIfaceStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jstring iface, jint type) {
+    ScopedUtfChars iface8(env, iface);
+    if (iface8.c_str() == NULL) {
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    Stats stats = {};
+
+    if (bpfGetIfaceStats(iface8.c_str(), &stats) == 0) {
+        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+    } else {
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+}
+
+static jlong getUidStat(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint uid, jint type) {
+    Stats stats = {};
+
+    if (bpfGetUidStats(uid, &stats) == 0) {
+        return getStatsType(&stats, (StatsType) type);
+    } else {
+        return UNKNOWN;
+    }
+}
+
+static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
+        {"nativeGetTotalStat", "(I)J", (void*)getTotalStat},
+        {"nativeGetIfaceStat", "(Ljava/lang/String;I)J", (void*)getIfaceStat},
+        {"nativeGetUidStat", "(II)J", (void*)getUidStat},
+};
+
+int register_android_server_net_NetworkStatsService(JNIEnv* env) {
+    return jniRegisterNativeMethods(env, "com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService", gMethods,
+                                    NELEM(gMethods));
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/service-t/jni/onload.cpp b/service-t/jni/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bca4697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/jni/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(JNIEnv* env, char const* class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM* vm, void*) {
+    JNIEnv *env;
+    if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+        ALOGE("GetEnv failed");
+        return JNI_ERR;
+    }
+
+    if (register_com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap(env,
+            "com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap") < 0) return JNI_ERR;
+
+    return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+};
+
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cf9dcd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+interface INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks {
+
+    void onDaemonConnected();
+    boolean onCheckHoldWakeLock(int code);
+    boolean onEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked);
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bc40ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/IpSecService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1878 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNSPEC;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EINVAL;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.IIpSecService;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
+import android.net.IpSecConfig;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecSpiResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTransform;
+import android.net.IpSecTransformResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
+import android.net.IpSecUdpEncapResponse;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Range;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BinderUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A service to manage multiple clients that want to access the IpSec API. The service is
+ * responsible for maintaining a list of clients and managing the resources (and related quotas)
+ * that each of them own.
+ *
+ * <p>Synchronization in IpSecService is done on all entrypoints due to potential race conditions at
+ * the kernel/xfrm level. Further, this allows the simplifying assumption to be made that only one
+ * thread is ever running at a time.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class IpSecService extends IIpSecService.Stub {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpSecService";
+    private static final boolean DBG = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
+    private static final int[] ADDRESS_FAMILIES =
+            new int[] {OsConstants.AF_INET, OsConstants.AF_INET6};
+
+    private static final int NETD_FETCH_TIMEOUT_MS = 5000; // ms
+    private static final InetAddress INADDR_ANY;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting static final int MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS = 10;
+
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+
+    static {
+        try {
+            INADDR_ANY = InetAddress.getByAddress(new byte[] {0, 0, 0, 0});
+        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static final int FREE_PORT_MIN = 1024; // ports 1-1023 are reserved
+    static final int PORT_MAX = 0xFFFF; // ports are an unsigned 16-bit integer
+
+    /* Binder context for this service */
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    /**
+     * The next non-repeating global ID for tracking resources between users, this service, and
+     * kernel data structures. Accessing this variable is not thread safe, so it is only read or
+     * modified within blocks synchronized on IpSecService.this. We want to avoid -1
+     * (INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) and 0 (we probably forgot to initialize it).
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("IpSecService.this")
+    private int mNextResourceId = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of IpSecService, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Get a reference to INetd.
+         */
+        public INetd getNetdInstance(Context context) throws RemoteException {
+            final INetd netd = INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder)
+                    context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
+            if (netd == null) {
+                throw new RemoteException("Failed to Get Netd Instance");
+            }
+            return netd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    final UidFdTagger mUidFdTagger;
+
+    /**
+     * Interface for user-reference and kernel-resource cleanup.
+     *
+     * <p>This interface must be implemented for a resource to be reference counted.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public interface IResource {
+        /**
+         * Invalidates a IResource object, ensuring it is invalid for the purposes of allocating new
+         * objects dependent on it.
+         *
+         * <p>Implementations of this method are expected to remove references to the IResource
+         * object from the IpSecService's tracking arrays. The removal from the arrays ensures that
+         * the resource is considered invalid for user access or allocation or use in other
+         * resources.
+         *
+         * <p>References to the IResource object may be held by other RefcountedResource objects,
+         * and as such, the underlying resources and quota may not be cleaned up.
+         */
+        void invalidate() throws RemoteException;
+
+        /**
+         * Releases underlying resources and related quotas.
+         *
+         * <p>Implementations of this method are expected to remove all system resources that are
+         * tracked by the IResource object. Due to other RefcountedResource objects potentially
+         * having references to the IResource object, freeUnderlyingResources may not always be
+         * called from releaseIfUnreferencedRecursively().
+         */
+        void freeUnderlyingResources() throws RemoteException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RefcountedResource manages references and dependencies in an exclusively acyclic graph.
+     *
+     * <p>RefcountedResource implements both explicit and implicit resource management. Creating a
+     * RefcountedResource object creates an explicit reference that must be freed by calling
+     * userRelease(). Additionally, adding this object as a child of another RefcountedResource
+     * object will add an implicit reference.
+     *
+     * <p>Resources are cleaned up when all references, both implicit and explicit, are released
+     * (ie, when userRelease() is called and when all parents have called releaseReference() on this
+     * object.)
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public class RefcountedResource<T extends IResource> implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        private final T mResource;
+        private final List<RefcountedResource> mChildren;
+        int mRefCount = 1; // starts at 1 for user's reference.
+        IBinder mBinder;
+
+        RefcountedResource(T resource, IBinder binder, RefcountedResource... children) {
+            synchronized (IpSecService.this) {
+                this.mResource = resource;
+                this.mChildren = new ArrayList<>(children.length);
+                this.mBinder = binder;
+
+                for (RefcountedResource child : children) {
+                    mChildren.add(child);
+                    child.mRefCount++;
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    mBinder.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    binderDied();
+                    e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * If the Binder object dies, this function is called to free the system resources that are
+         * being tracked by this record and to subsequently release this record for garbage
+         * collection
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            synchronized (IpSecService.this) {
+                try {
+                    userRelease();
+                } catch (Exception e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Failed to release resource: " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public T getResource() {
+            return mResource;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Unlinks from binder and performs IpSecService resource cleanup (removes from resource
+         * arrays)
+         *
+         * <p>If this method has been previously called, the RefcountedResource's binder field will
+         * be null, and the method will return without performing the cleanup a second time.
+         *
+         * <p>Note that calling this function does not imply that kernel resources will be freed at
+         * this time, or that the related quota will be returned. Such actions will only be
+         * performed upon the reference count reaching zero.
+         */
+        @GuardedBy("IpSecService.this")
+        public void userRelease() throws RemoteException {
+            // Prevent users from putting reference counts into a bad state by calling
+            // userRelease() multiple times.
+            if (mBinder == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mBinder.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+            mBinder = null;
+
+            mResource.invalidate();
+
+            releaseReference();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Removes a reference to this resource. If the resultant reference count is zero, the
+         * underlying resources are freed, and references to all child resources are also dropped
+         * recursively (resulting in them freeing their resources and children, etcetera)
+         *
+         * <p>This method also sets the reference count to an invalid value (-1) to signify that it
+         * has been fully released. Any subsequent calls to this method will result in an
+         * IllegalStateException being thrown due to resource already having been previously
+         * released
+         */
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        @GuardedBy("IpSecService.this")
+        public void releaseReference() throws RemoteException {
+            mRefCount--;
+
+            if (mRefCount > 0) {
+                return;
+            } else if (mRefCount < 0) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                        "Invalid operation - resource has already been released.");
+            }
+
+            // Cleanup own resources
+            mResource.freeUnderlyingResources();
+
+            // Cleanup child resources as needed
+            for (RefcountedResource<? extends IResource> child : mChildren) {
+                child.releaseReference();
+            }
+
+            // Enforce that resource cleanup can only be called once
+            // By decrementing the refcount (from 0 to -1), the next call will throw an
+            // IllegalStateException - it has already been released fully.
+            mRefCount--;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                    .append("{mResource=")
+                    .append(mResource)
+                    .append(", mRefCount=")
+                    .append(mRefCount)
+                    .append(", mChildren=")
+                    .append(mChildren)
+                    .append("}")
+                    .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Very simple counting class that looks much like a counting semaphore
+     *
+     * <p>This class is not thread-safe, and expects that that users of this class will ensure
+     * synchronization and thread safety by holding the IpSecService.this instance lock.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static class ResourceTracker {
+        private final int mMax;
+        int mCurrent;
+
+        ResourceTracker(int max) {
+            mMax = max;
+            mCurrent = 0;
+        }
+
+        boolean isAvailable() {
+            return (mCurrent < mMax);
+        }
+
+        void take() {
+            if (!isAvailable()) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Too many resources allocated!");
+            }
+            mCurrent++;
+        }
+
+        void give() {
+            if (mCurrent <= 0) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "We've released this resource too many times");
+            }
+            mCurrent--;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                    .append("{mCurrent=")
+                    .append(mCurrent)
+                    .append(", mMax=")
+                    .append(mMax)
+                    .append("}")
+                    .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final class UserRecord {
+        /* Maximum number of each type of resource that a single UID may possess */
+
+        // Up to 4 active VPNs/IWLAN with potential soft handover.
+        public static final int MAX_NUM_TUNNEL_INTERFACES = 8;
+        public static final int MAX_NUM_ENCAP_SOCKETS = 16;
+
+        // SPIs and Transforms are both cheap, and are 1:1 correlated.
+        public static final int MAX_NUM_TRANSFORMS = 64;
+        public static final int MAX_NUM_SPIS = 64;
+
+        /**
+         * Store each of the OwnedResource types in an (thinly wrapped) sparse array for indexing
+         * and explicit (user) reference management.
+         *
+         * <p>These are stored in separate arrays to improve debuggability and dump output clarity.
+         *
+         * <p>Resources are removed from this array when the user releases their explicit reference
+         * by calling one of the releaseResource() methods.
+         */
+        final RefcountedResourceArray<SpiRecord> mSpiRecords =
+                new RefcountedResourceArray<>(SpiRecord.class.getSimpleName());
+        final RefcountedResourceArray<TransformRecord> mTransformRecords =
+                new RefcountedResourceArray<>(TransformRecord.class.getSimpleName());
+        final RefcountedResourceArray<EncapSocketRecord> mEncapSocketRecords =
+                new RefcountedResourceArray<>(EncapSocketRecord.class.getSimpleName());
+        final RefcountedResourceArray<TunnelInterfaceRecord> mTunnelInterfaceRecords =
+                new RefcountedResourceArray<>(TunnelInterfaceRecord.class.getSimpleName());
+
+        /**
+         * Trackers for quotas for each of the OwnedResource types.
+         *
+         * <p>These trackers are separate from the resource arrays, since they are incremented and
+         * decremented at different points in time. Specifically, quota is only returned upon final
+         * resource deallocation (after all explicit and implicit references are released). Note
+         * that it is possible that calls to releaseResource() will not return the used quota if
+         * there are other resources that depend on (are parents of) the resource being released.
+         */
+        final ResourceTracker mSpiQuotaTracker = new ResourceTracker(MAX_NUM_SPIS);
+        final ResourceTracker mTransformQuotaTracker = new ResourceTracker(MAX_NUM_TRANSFORMS);
+        final ResourceTracker mSocketQuotaTracker = new ResourceTracker(MAX_NUM_ENCAP_SOCKETS);
+        final ResourceTracker mTunnelQuotaTracker = new ResourceTracker(MAX_NUM_TUNNEL_INTERFACES);
+
+        void removeSpiRecord(int resourceId) {
+            mSpiRecords.remove(resourceId);
+        }
+
+        void removeTransformRecord(int resourceId) {
+            mTransformRecords.remove(resourceId);
+        }
+
+        void removeTunnelInterfaceRecord(int resourceId) {
+            mTunnelInterfaceRecords.remove(resourceId);
+        }
+
+        void removeEncapSocketRecord(int resourceId) {
+            mEncapSocketRecords.remove(resourceId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                    .append("{mSpiQuotaTracker=")
+                    .append(mSpiQuotaTracker)
+                    .append(", mTransformQuotaTracker=")
+                    .append(mTransformQuotaTracker)
+                    .append(", mSocketQuotaTracker=")
+                    .append(mSocketQuotaTracker)
+                    .append(", mTunnelQuotaTracker=")
+                    .append(mTunnelQuotaTracker)
+                    .append(", mSpiRecords=")
+                    .append(mSpiRecords)
+                    .append(", mTransformRecords=")
+                    .append(mTransformRecords)
+                    .append(", mEncapSocketRecords=")
+                    .append(mEncapSocketRecords)
+                    .append(", mTunnelInterfaceRecords=")
+                    .append(mTunnelInterfaceRecords)
+                    .append("}")
+                    .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This class is not thread-safe, and expects that that users of this class will ensure
+     * synchronization and thread safety by holding the IpSecService.this instance lock.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final class UserResourceTracker {
+        private final SparseArray<UserRecord> mUserRecords = new SparseArray<>();
+
+        /** Lazy-initialization/getter that populates or retrieves the UserRecord as needed */
+        public UserRecord getUserRecord(int uid) {
+            checkCallerUid(uid);
+
+            UserRecord r = mUserRecords.get(uid);
+            if (r == null) {
+                r = new UserRecord();
+                mUserRecords.put(uid, r);
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+
+        /** Safety method; guards against access of other user's UserRecords */
+        private void checkCallerUid(int uid) {
+            if (uid != Binder.getCallingUid() && Process.SYSTEM_UID != Binder.getCallingUid()) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Attempted access of unowned resources");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return mUserRecords.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting final UserResourceTracker mUserResourceTracker = new UserResourceTracker();
+
+    /**
+     * The OwnedResourceRecord class provides a facility to cleanly and reliably track system
+     * resources. It relies on a provided resourceId that should uniquely identify the kernel
+     * resource. To use this class, the user should implement the invalidate() and
+     * freeUnderlyingResources() methods that are responsible for cleaning up IpSecService resource
+     * tracking arrays and kernel resources, respectively.
+     *
+     * <p>This class associates kernel resources with the UID that owns and controls them.
+     */
+    private abstract class OwnedResourceRecord implements IResource {
+        final int mPid;
+        final int mUid;
+        protected final int mResourceId;
+
+        OwnedResourceRecord(int resourceId) {
+            super();
+            if (resourceId == INVALID_RESOURCE_ID) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Resource ID must not be INVALID_RESOURCE_ID");
+            }
+            mResourceId = resourceId;
+            mPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+            mUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+
+            getResourceTracker().take();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public abstract void invalidate() throws RemoteException;
+
+        /** Convenience method; retrieves the user resource record for the stored UID. */
+        protected UserRecord getUserRecord() {
+            return mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(mUid);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public abstract void freeUnderlyingResources() throws RemoteException;
+
+        /** Get the resource tracker for this resource */
+        protected abstract ResourceTracker getResourceTracker();
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                    .append("{mResourceId=")
+                    .append(mResourceId)
+                    .append(", pid=")
+                    .append(mPid)
+                    .append(", uid=")
+                    .append(mUid)
+                    .append("}")
+                    .toString();
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Thin wrapper over SparseArray to ensure resources exist, and simplify generic typing.
+     *
+     * <p>RefcountedResourceArray prevents null insertions, and throws an IllegalArgumentException
+     * if a key is not found during a retrieval process.
+     */
+    static class RefcountedResourceArray<T extends IResource> {
+        SparseArray<RefcountedResource<T>> mArray = new SparseArray<>();
+        private final String mTypeName;
+
+        RefcountedResourceArray(String typeName) {
+            this.mTypeName = typeName;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Accessor method to get inner resource object.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if no resource with provided key is found.
+         */
+        T getResourceOrThrow(int key) {
+            return getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(key).getResource();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Accessor method to get reference counting wrapper.
+         *
+         * @throws IllegalArgumentException if no resource with provided key is found.
+         */
+        RefcountedResource<T> getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(int key) {
+            RefcountedResource<T> resource = mArray.get(key);
+            if (resource == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        String.format("No such %s found for given id: %d", mTypeName, key));
+            }
+
+            return resource;
+        }
+
+        void put(int key, RefcountedResource<T> obj) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(obj, "Null resources cannot be added");
+            mArray.put(key, obj);
+        }
+
+        void remove(int key) {
+            mArray.remove(key);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return mArray.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks an SA in the kernel, and manages cleanup paths. Once a TransformRecord is
+     * created, the SpiRecord that originally tracked the SAs will reliquish the
+     * responsibility of freeing the underlying SA to this class via the mOwnedByTransform flag.
+     */
+    private final class TransformRecord extends OwnedResourceRecord {
+        private final IpSecConfig mConfig;
+        private final SpiRecord mSpi;
+        private final EncapSocketRecord mSocket;
+
+        TransformRecord(
+                int resourceId, IpSecConfig config, SpiRecord spi, EncapSocketRecord socket) {
+            super(resourceId);
+            mConfig = config;
+            mSpi = spi;
+            mSocket = socket;
+
+            spi.setOwnedByTransform();
+        }
+
+        public IpSecConfig getConfig() {
+            return mConfig;
+        }
+
+        public SpiRecord getSpiRecord() {
+            return mSpi;
+        }
+
+        public EncapSocketRecord getSocketRecord() {
+            return mSocket;
+        }
+
+        /** always guarded by IpSecService#this */
+        @Override
+        public void freeUnderlyingResources() {
+            int spi = mSpi.getSpi();
+            try {
+                mNetd.ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                        mUid,
+                        mConfig.getSourceAddress(),
+                        mConfig.getDestinationAddress(),
+                        spi,
+                        mConfig.getMarkValue(),
+                        mConfig.getMarkMask(),
+                        mConfig.getXfrmInterfaceId());
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to delete SA with ID: " + mResourceId, e);
+            }
+
+            getResourceTracker().give();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void invalidate() throws RemoteException {
+            getUserRecord().removeTransformRecord(mResourceId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ResourceTracker getResourceTracker() {
+            return getUserRecord().mTransformQuotaTracker;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+            strBuilder
+                    .append("{super=")
+                    .append(super.toString())
+                    .append(", mSocket=")
+                    .append(mSocket)
+                    .append(", mSpi.mResourceId=")
+                    .append(mSpi.mResourceId)
+                    .append(", mConfig=")
+                    .append(mConfig)
+                    .append("}");
+            return strBuilder.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks a single SA in the kernel, and manages cleanup paths. Once used in a Transform, the
+     * responsibility for cleaning up underlying resources will be passed to the TransformRecord
+     * object
+     */
+    private final class SpiRecord extends OwnedResourceRecord {
+        private final String mSourceAddress;
+        private final String mDestinationAddress;
+        private int mSpi;
+
+        private boolean mOwnedByTransform = false;
+
+        SpiRecord(int resourceId, String sourceAddress,
+                String destinationAddress, int spi) {
+            super(resourceId);
+            mSourceAddress = sourceAddress;
+            mDestinationAddress = destinationAddress;
+            mSpi = spi;
+        }
+
+        /** always guarded by IpSecService#this */
+        @Override
+        public void freeUnderlyingResources() {
+            try {
+                if (!mOwnedByTransform) {
+                    mNetd.ipSecDeleteSecurityAssociation(
+                            mUid, mSourceAddress, mDestinationAddress, mSpi, 0 /* mark */,
+                            0 /* mask */, 0 /* if_id */);
+                }
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException | RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to delete SPI reservation with ID: " + mResourceId, e);
+            }
+
+            mSpi = IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX;
+
+            getResourceTracker().give();
+        }
+
+        public int getSpi() {
+            return mSpi;
+        }
+
+        public String getDestinationAddress() {
+            return mDestinationAddress;
+        }
+
+        public void setOwnedByTransform() {
+            if (mOwnedByTransform) {
+                // Programming error
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot own an SPI twice!");
+            }
+
+            mOwnedByTransform = true;
+        }
+
+        public boolean getOwnedByTransform() {
+            return mOwnedByTransform;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void invalidate() throws RemoteException {
+            getUserRecord().removeSpiRecord(mResourceId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ResourceTracker getResourceTracker() {
+            return getUserRecord().mSpiQuotaTracker;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+            strBuilder
+                    .append("{super=")
+                    .append(super.toString())
+                    .append(", mSpi=")
+                    .append(mSpi)
+                    .append(", mSourceAddress=")
+                    .append(mSourceAddress)
+                    .append(", mDestinationAddress=")
+                    .append(mDestinationAddress)
+                    .append(", mOwnedByTransform=")
+                    .append(mOwnedByTransform)
+                    .append("}");
+            return strBuilder.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final SparseBooleanArray mTunnelNetIds = new SparseBooleanArray();
+    final Range<Integer> mNetIdRange = ConnectivityManager.getIpSecNetIdRange();
+    private int mNextTunnelNetId = mNetIdRange.getLower();
+
+    /**
+     * Reserves a netId within the range of netIds allocated for IPsec tunnel interfaces
+     *
+     * <p>This method should only be called from Binder threads. Do not call this from within the
+     * system server as it will crash the system on failure.
+     *
+     * @return an integer key within the netId range, if successful
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if unsuccessful (all netId are currently reserved)
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    int reserveNetId() {
+        final int range = mNetIdRange.getUpper() - mNetIdRange.getLower() + 1;
+        synchronized (mTunnelNetIds) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < range; i++) {
+                final int netId = mNextTunnelNetId;
+                if (++mNextTunnelNetId > mNetIdRange.getUpper()) {
+                    mNextTunnelNetId = mNetIdRange.getLower();
+                }
+                if (!mTunnelNetIds.get(netId)) {
+                    mTunnelNetIds.put(netId, true);
+                    return netId;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        throw new IllegalStateException("No free netIds to allocate");
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void releaseNetId(int netId) {
+        synchronized (mTunnelNetIds) {
+            mTunnelNetIds.delete(netId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks an tunnel interface, and manages cleanup paths.
+     *
+     * <p>This class is not thread-safe, and expects that that users of this class will ensure
+     * synchronization and thread safety by holding the IpSecService.this instance lock
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final class TunnelInterfaceRecord extends OwnedResourceRecord {
+        private final String mInterfaceName;
+
+        // outer addresses
+        private final String mLocalAddress;
+        private final String mRemoteAddress;
+
+        private final int mIkey;
+        private final int mOkey;
+
+        private final int mIfId;
+
+        private Network mUnderlyingNetwork;
+
+        TunnelInterfaceRecord(
+                int resourceId,
+                String interfaceName,
+                Network underlyingNetwork,
+                String localAddr,
+                String remoteAddr,
+                int ikey,
+                int okey,
+                int intfId) {
+            super(resourceId);
+
+            mInterfaceName = interfaceName;
+            mUnderlyingNetwork = underlyingNetwork;
+            mLocalAddress = localAddr;
+            mRemoteAddress = remoteAddr;
+            mIkey = ikey;
+            mOkey = okey;
+            mIfId = intfId;
+        }
+
+        /** always guarded by IpSecService#this */
+        @Override
+        public void freeUnderlyingResources() {
+            // Calls to netd
+            //       Teardown VTI
+            //       Delete global policies
+            try {
+                mNetd.ipSecRemoveTunnelInterface(mInterfaceName);
+
+                for (int selAddrFamily : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
+                    mNetd.ipSecDeleteSecurityPolicy(
+                            mUid,
+                            selAddrFamily,
+                            IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT,
+                            mOkey,
+                            0xffffffff,
+                            mIfId);
+                    mNetd.ipSecDeleteSecurityPolicy(
+                            mUid,
+                            selAddrFamily,
+                            IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN,
+                            mIkey,
+                            0xffffffff,
+                            mIfId);
+                }
+            } catch (ServiceSpecificException | RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(
+                        TAG,
+                        "Failed to delete VTI with interface name: "
+                                + mInterfaceName
+                                + " and id: "
+                                + mResourceId, e);
+            }
+
+            getResourceTracker().give();
+            releaseNetId(mIkey);
+            releaseNetId(mOkey);
+        }
+
+        @GuardedBy("IpSecService.this")
+        public void setUnderlyingNetwork(Network underlyingNetwork) {
+            // When #applyTunnelModeTransform is called, this new underlying network will be used to
+            // update the output mark of the input transform.
+            mUnderlyingNetwork = underlyingNetwork;
+        }
+
+        @GuardedBy("IpSecService.this")
+        public Network getUnderlyingNetwork() {
+            return mUnderlyingNetwork;
+        }
+
+        public String getInterfaceName() {
+            return mInterfaceName;
+        }
+
+        /** Returns the local, outer address for the tunnelInterface */
+        public String getLocalAddress() {
+            return mLocalAddress;
+        }
+
+        /** Returns the remote, outer address for the tunnelInterface */
+        public String getRemoteAddress() {
+            return mRemoteAddress;
+        }
+
+        public int getIkey() {
+            return mIkey;
+        }
+
+        public int getOkey() {
+            return mOkey;
+        }
+
+        public int getIfId() {
+            return mIfId;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ResourceTracker getResourceTracker() {
+            return getUserRecord().mTunnelQuotaTracker;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void invalidate() {
+            getUserRecord().removeTunnelInterfaceRecord(mResourceId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                    .append("{super=")
+                    .append(super.toString())
+                    .append(", mInterfaceName=")
+                    .append(mInterfaceName)
+                    .append(", mUnderlyingNetwork=")
+                    .append(mUnderlyingNetwork)
+                    .append(", mLocalAddress=")
+                    .append(mLocalAddress)
+                    .append(", mRemoteAddress=")
+                    .append(mRemoteAddress)
+                    .append(", mIkey=")
+                    .append(mIkey)
+                    .append(", mOkey=")
+                    .append(mOkey)
+                    .append("}")
+                    .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks a UDP encap socket, and manages cleanup paths
+     *
+     * <p>While this class does not manage non-kernel resources, race conditions around socket
+     * binding require that the service creates the encap socket, binds it and applies the socket
+     * policy before handing it to a user.
+     */
+    private final class EncapSocketRecord extends OwnedResourceRecord {
+        private FileDescriptor mSocket;
+        private final int mPort;
+
+        EncapSocketRecord(int resourceId, FileDescriptor socket, int port) {
+            super(resourceId);
+            mSocket = socket;
+            mPort = port;
+        }
+
+        /** always guarded by IpSecService#this */
+        @Override
+        public void freeUnderlyingResources() {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Closing port " + mPort);
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(mSocket);
+            mSocket = null;
+
+            getResourceTracker().give();
+        }
+
+        public int getPort() {
+            return mPort;
+        }
+
+        public FileDescriptor getFileDescriptor() {
+            return mSocket;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected ResourceTracker getResourceTracker() {
+            return getUserRecord().mSocketQuotaTracker;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void invalidate() {
+            getUserRecord().removeEncapSocketRecord(mResourceId);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return new StringBuilder()
+                    .append("{super=")
+                    .append(super.toString())
+                    .append(", mSocket=")
+                    .append(mSocket)
+                    .append(", mPort=")
+                    .append(mPort)
+                    .append("}")
+                    .toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new IpSecService instance
+     *
+     * @param context Binder context for this service
+     */
+    public IpSecService(Context context) {
+        this(context, new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private AppOpsManager getAppOpsManager() {
+        AppOpsManager appOps = (AppOpsManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE);
+        if (appOps == null) throw new RuntimeException("System Server couldn't get AppOps");
+        return appOps;
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IpSecService(Context context, Dependencies deps) {
+        this(
+                context,
+                deps,
+                (fd, uid) -> {
+                    try {
+                        TrafficStats.setThreadStatsUid(uid);
+                        TrafficStats.tagFileDescriptor(fd);
+                    } finally {
+                        TrafficStats.clearThreadStatsUid();
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public IpSecService(Context context, Dependencies deps, UidFdTagger uidFdTagger) {
+        mContext = context;
+        mDeps = Objects.requireNonNull(deps, "Missing dependencies.");
+        mUidFdTagger = uidFdTagger;
+        try {
+            mNetd = mDeps.getNetdInstance(mContext);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks that the provided InetAddress is valid for use in an IPsec SA. The address must not be
+     * a wildcard address and must be in a numeric form such as 1.2.3.4 or 2001::1.
+     */
+    private static void checkInetAddress(String inetAddress) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(inetAddress)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unspecified address");
+        }
+
+        InetAddress checkAddr = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(inetAddress);
+
+        if (checkAddr.isAnyLocalAddress()) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Inappropriate wildcard address: " + inetAddress);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks the user-provided direction field and throws an IllegalArgumentException if it is not
+     * DIRECTION_IN or DIRECTION_OUT
+     */
+    private void checkDirection(int direction) {
+        switch (direction) {
+            case IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT:
+            case IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN:
+                return;
+            case IpSecManager.DIRECTION_FWD:
+                // Only NETWORK_STACK or MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK allowed to use forward policies
+                PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+                return;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid Direction: " + direction);
+    }
+
+    /** Get a new SPI and maintain the reservation in the system server */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized IpSecSpiResponse allocateSecurityParameterIndex(
+            String destinationAddress, int requestedSpi, IBinder binder) throws RemoteException {
+        checkInetAddress(destinationAddress);
+        // RFC 4303 Section 2.1 - 0=local, 1-255=reserved.
+        if (requestedSpi > 0 && requestedSpi < 256) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("ESP SPI must not be in the range of 0-255.");
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(binder, "Null Binder passed to allocateSecurityParameterIndex");
+
+        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(callingUid);
+        final int resourceId = mNextResourceId++;
+
+        int spi = IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX;
+        try {
+            if (!userRecord.mSpiQuotaTracker.isAvailable()) {
+                return new IpSecSpiResponse(
+                        IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE, INVALID_RESOURCE_ID, spi);
+            }
+
+            spi = mNetd.ipSecAllocateSpi(callingUid, "", destinationAddress, requestedSpi);
+            Log.d(TAG, "Allocated SPI " + spi);
+            userRecord.mSpiRecords.put(
+                    resourceId,
+                    new RefcountedResource<SpiRecord>(
+                            new SpiRecord(resourceId, "",
+                            destinationAddress, spi), binder));
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            if (e.errorCode == OsConstants.ENOENT) {
+                return new IpSecSpiResponse(
+                        IpSecManager.Status.SPI_UNAVAILABLE, INVALID_RESOURCE_ID, spi);
+            }
+            throw e;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+        return new IpSecSpiResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, resourceId, spi);
+    }
+
+    /* This method should only be called from Binder threads. Do not call this from
+     * within the system server as it will crash the system on failure.
+     */
+    private void releaseResource(RefcountedResourceArray resArray, int resourceId)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        resArray.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(resourceId).userRelease();
+    }
+
+    /** Release a previously allocated SPI that has been registered with the system server */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void releaseSecurityParameterIndex(int resourceId) throws RemoteException {
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        releaseResource(userRecord.mSpiRecords, resourceId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This function finds and forcibly binds to a random system port, ensuring that the port cannot
+     * be unbound.
+     *
+     * <p>A socket cannot be un-bound from a port if it was bound to that port by number. To select
+     * a random open port and then bind by number, this function creates a temp socket, binds to a
+     * random port (specifying 0), gets that port number, and then uses is to bind the user's UDP
+     * Encapsulation Socket forcibly, so that it cannot be un-bound by the user with the returned
+     * FileHandle.
+     *
+     * <p>The loop in this function handles the inherent race window between un-binding to a port
+     * and re-binding, during which the system could *technically* hand that port out to someone
+     * else.
+     */
+    private int bindToRandomPort(FileDescriptor sockFd) throws IOException {
+        for (int i = MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS; i > 0; i--) {
+            try {
+                FileDescriptor probeSocket = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+                Os.bind(probeSocket, INADDR_ANY, 0);
+                int port = ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(probeSocket)).getPort();
+                Os.close(probeSocket);
+                Log.v(TAG, "Binding to port " + port);
+                Os.bind(sockFd, INADDR_ANY, port);
+                return port;
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                // Someone miraculously claimed the port just after we closed probeSocket.
+                if (e.errno == OsConstants.EADDRINUSE) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                throw e.rethrowAsIOException();
+            }
+        }
+        throw new IOException("Failed " + MAX_PORT_BIND_ATTEMPTS + " attempts to bind to a port");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Functional interface to do traffic tagging of given sockets to UIDs.
+     *
+     * <p>Specifically used by openUdpEncapsulationSocket to ensure data usage on the UDP encap
+     * sockets are billed to the UID that the UDP encap socket was created on behalf of.
+     *
+     * <p>Separate class so that the socket tagging logic can be mocked; TrafficStats uses static
+     * methods that cannot be easily mocked/tested.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public interface UidFdTagger {
+        /**
+         * Sets socket tag to assign all traffic to the provided UID.
+         *
+         * <p>Since the socket is created on behalf of an unprivileged application, all traffic
+         * should be accounted to the UID of the unprivileged application.
+         */
+        void tag(FileDescriptor fd, int uid) throws IOException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open a socket via the system server and bind it to the specified port (random if port=0).
+     * This will return a PFD to the user that represent a bound UDP socket. The system server will
+     * cache the socket and a record of its owner so that it can and must be freed when no longer
+     * needed.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized IpSecUdpEncapResponse openUdpEncapsulationSocket(int port, IBinder binder)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        if (port != 0 && (port < FREE_PORT_MIN || port > PORT_MAX)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Specified port number must be a valid non-reserved UDP port");
+        }
+        Objects.requireNonNull(binder, "Null Binder passed to openUdpEncapsulationSocket");
+
+        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(callingUid);
+        final int resourceId = mNextResourceId++;
+
+        ParcelFileDescriptor pFd = null;
+        try {
+            if (!userRecord.mSocketQuotaTracker.isAvailable()) {
+                return new IpSecUdpEncapResponse(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE);
+            }
+
+            FileDescriptor sockFd = null;
+            try {
+                sockFd = Os.socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+                pFd = ParcelFileDescriptor.dup(sockFd);
+            } finally {
+                IoUtils.closeQuietly(sockFd);
+            }
+
+            mUidFdTagger.tag(pFd.getFileDescriptor(), callingUid);
+            // This code is common to both the unspecified and specified port cases
+            Os.setsockoptInt(
+                    pFd.getFileDescriptor(),
+                    OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP,
+                    OsConstants.UDP_ENCAP,
+                    OsConstants.UDP_ENCAP_ESPINUDP);
+
+            mNetd.ipSecSetEncapSocketOwner(pFd, callingUid);
+            if (port != 0) {
+                Log.v(TAG, "Binding to port " + port);
+                Os.bind(pFd.getFileDescriptor(), INADDR_ANY, port);
+            } else {
+                port = bindToRandomPort(pFd.getFileDescriptor());
+            }
+
+            userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.put(
+                    resourceId,
+                    new RefcountedResource<EncapSocketRecord>(
+                            new EncapSocketRecord(resourceId, pFd.getFileDescriptor(), port),
+                            binder));
+            return new IpSecUdpEncapResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, resourceId, port,
+                    pFd.getFileDescriptor());
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            try {
+                if (pFd != null) {
+                    pFd.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                // Nothing can be done at this point
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to close pFd.");
+            }
+        }
+        // If we make it to here, then something has gone wrong and we couldn't open a socket.
+        // The only reasonable condition that would cause that is resource unavailable.
+        return new IpSecUdpEncapResponse(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE);
+    }
+
+    /** close a socket that has been been allocated by and registered with the system server */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void closeUdpEncapsulationSocket(int resourceId) throws RemoteException {
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        releaseResource(userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords, resourceId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a tunnel interface for use in IPSec tunnel mode. The system server will cache the
+     * tunnel interface and a record of its owner so that it can and must be freed when no longer
+     * needed.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse createTunnelInterface(
+            String localAddr, String remoteAddr, Network underlyingNetwork, IBinder binder,
+            String callingPackage) {
+        enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(binder, "Null Binder passed to createTunnelInterface");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(underlyingNetwork, "No underlying network was specified");
+        checkInetAddress(localAddr);
+        checkInetAddress(remoteAddr);
+
+        // TODO: Check that underlying network exists, and IP addresses not assigned to a different
+        //       network (b/72316676).
+
+        int callerUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(callerUid);
+        if (!userRecord.mTunnelQuotaTracker.isAvailable()) {
+            return new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE);
+        }
+
+        final int resourceId = mNextResourceId++;
+        final int ikey = reserveNetId();
+        final int okey = reserveNetId();
+        String intfName = String.format("%s%d", INetd.IPSEC_INTERFACE_PREFIX, resourceId);
+
+        try {
+            // Calls to netd:
+            //       Create VTI
+            //       Add inbound/outbound global policies
+            //              (use reqid = 0)
+            mNetd.ipSecAddTunnelInterface(intfName, localAddr, remoteAddr, ikey, okey, resourceId);
+
+            BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(() -> {
+                NetdUtils.setInterfaceUp(mNetd, intfName);
+            });
+
+            for (int selAddrFamily : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
+                // Always send down correct local/remote addresses for template.
+                mNetd.ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(
+                        callerUid,
+                        selAddrFamily,
+                        IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT,
+                        localAddr,
+                        remoteAddr,
+                        0,
+                        okey,
+                        0xffffffff,
+                        resourceId);
+                mNetd.ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(
+                        callerUid,
+                        selAddrFamily,
+                        IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN,
+                        remoteAddr,
+                        localAddr,
+                        0,
+                        ikey,
+                        0xffffffff,
+                        resourceId);
+
+                // Add a forwarding policy on the tunnel interface. In order to support forwarding
+                // the IpSecTunnelInterface must have a forwarding policy matching the incoming SA.
+                //
+                // Unless a IpSecTransform is also applied against this interface in DIRECTION_FWD,
+                // forwarding will be blocked by default (as would be the case if this policy was
+                // absent).
+                //
+                // This is necessary only on the tunnel interface, and not any the interface to
+                // which traffic will be forwarded to.
+                mNetd.ipSecAddSecurityPolicy(
+                        callerUid,
+                        selAddrFamily,
+                        IpSecManager.DIRECTION_FWD,
+                        remoteAddr,
+                        localAddr,
+                        0,
+                        ikey,
+                        0xffffffff,
+                        resourceId);
+            }
+
+            userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.put(
+                    resourceId,
+                    new RefcountedResource<TunnelInterfaceRecord>(
+                            new TunnelInterfaceRecord(
+                                    resourceId,
+                                    intfName,
+                                    underlyingNetwork,
+                                    localAddr,
+                                    remoteAddr,
+                                    ikey,
+                                    okey,
+                                    resourceId),
+                            binder));
+            return new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, resourceId, intfName);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // Release keys if we got an error.
+            releaseNetId(ikey);
+            releaseNetId(okey);
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            // Release keys if we got an error.
+            releaseNetId(ikey);
+            releaseNetId(okey);
+            throw t;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new local address to the tunnel interface. This allows packets to be sent and received
+     * from multiple local IP addresses over the same tunnel.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void addAddressToTunnelInterface(
+            int tunnelResourceId, LinkAddress localAddr, String callingPackage) {
+        enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+
+        // Get tunnelInterface record; if no such interface is found, will throw
+        // IllegalArgumentException
+        TunnelInterfaceRecord tunnelInterfaceInfo =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getResourceOrThrow(tunnelResourceId);
+
+        try {
+            // We can assume general validity of the IP address, since we get them as a
+            // LinkAddress, which does some validation.
+            mNetd.interfaceAddAddress(
+                    tunnelInterfaceInfo.mInterfaceName,
+                    localAddr.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
+                    localAddr.getPrefixLength());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a new local address from the tunnel interface. After removal, the address will no
+     * longer be available to send from, or receive on.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void removeAddressFromTunnelInterface(
+            int tunnelResourceId, LinkAddress localAddr, String callingPackage) {
+        enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        // Get tunnelInterface record; if no such interface is found, will throw
+        // IllegalArgumentException
+        TunnelInterfaceRecord tunnelInterfaceInfo =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getResourceOrThrow(tunnelResourceId);
+
+        try {
+            // We can assume general validity of the IP address, since we get them as a
+            // LinkAddress, which does some validation.
+            mNetd.interfaceDelAddress(
+                            tunnelInterfaceInfo.mInterfaceName,
+                            localAddr.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
+                            localAddr.getPrefixLength());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Set TunnelInterface to use a specific underlying network. */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
+            int tunnelResourceId, Network underlyingNetwork, String callingPackage) {
+        enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(underlyingNetwork, "No underlying network was specified");
+
+        final UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+
+        // Get tunnelInterface record; if no such interface is found, will throw
+        // IllegalArgumentException. userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords is never null
+        final TunnelInterfaceRecord tunnelInterfaceInfo =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getResourceOrThrow(tunnelResourceId);
+
+        final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager =
+                mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        final LinkProperties lp = connectivityManager.getLinkProperties(underlyingNetwork);
+        if (tunnelInterfaceInfo.getInterfaceName().equals(lp.getInterfaceName())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Underlying network cannot be the network being exposed by this tunnel");
+        }
+
+        // It is meaningless to check if the network exists or is valid because the network might
+        // disconnect at any time after it passes the check.
+
+        tunnelInterfaceInfo.setUnderlyingNetwork(underlyingNetwork);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a TunnelInterface that has been been allocated by and registered with the system
+     * server
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void deleteTunnelInterface(
+            int resourceId, String callingPackage) throws RemoteException {
+        enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        releaseResource(userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords, resourceId);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    void validateAlgorithms(IpSecConfig config) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = config.getAuthentication();
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = config.getEncryption();
+        IpSecAlgorithm aead = config.getAuthenticatedEncryption();
+
+        // Validate the algorithm set
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                aead != null || crypt != null || auth != null,
+                "No Encryption or Authentication algorithms specified");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                auth == null || auth.isAuthentication(),
+                "Unsupported algorithm for Authentication");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                crypt == null || crypt.isEncryption(), "Unsupported algorithm for Encryption");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                aead == null || aead.isAead(),
+                "Unsupported algorithm for Authenticated Encryption");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                aead == null || (auth == null && crypt == null),
+                "Authenticated Encryption is mutually exclusive with other Authentication "
+                        + "or Encryption algorithms");
+    }
+
+    private int getFamily(String inetAddress) {
+        int family = AF_UNSPEC;
+        InetAddress checkAddress = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(inetAddress);
+        if (checkAddress instanceof Inet4Address) {
+            family = AF_INET;
+        } else if (checkAddress instanceof Inet6Address) {
+            family = AF_INET6;
+        }
+        return family;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks an IpSecConfig parcel to ensure that the contents are valid and throws an
+     * IllegalArgumentException if they are not.
+     */
+    private void checkIpSecConfig(IpSecConfig config) {
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+
+        switch (config.getEncapType()) {
+            case IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE:
+                break;
+            case IpSecTransform.ENCAP_ESPINUDP:
+            case IpSecTransform.ENCAP_ESPINUDP_NON_IKE:
+                // Retrieve encap socket record; will throw IllegalArgumentException if not found
+                userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.getResourceOrThrow(
+                        config.getEncapSocketResourceId());
+
+                int port = config.getEncapRemotePort();
+                if (port <= 0 || port > 0xFFFF) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid remote UDP port: " + port);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid Encap Type: " + config.getEncapType());
+        }
+
+        validateAlgorithms(config);
+
+        // Retrieve SPI record; will throw IllegalArgumentException if not found
+        SpiRecord s = userRecord.mSpiRecords.getResourceOrThrow(config.getSpiResourceId());
+
+        // Check to ensure that SPI has not already been used.
+        if (s.getOwnedByTransform()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("SPI already in use; cannot be used in new Transforms");
+        }
+
+        // If no remote address is supplied, then use one from the SPI.
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(config.getDestinationAddress())) {
+            config.setDestinationAddress(s.getDestinationAddress());
+        }
+
+        // All remote addresses must match
+        if (!config.getDestinationAddress().equals(s.getDestinationAddress())) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Mismatched remote addresseses.");
+        }
+
+        // This check is technically redundant due to the chain of custody between the SPI and
+        // the IpSecConfig, but in the future if the dest is allowed to be set explicitly in
+        // the transform, this will prevent us from messing up.
+        checkInetAddress(config.getDestinationAddress());
+
+        // Require a valid source address for all transforms.
+        checkInetAddress(config.getSourceAddress());
+
+        // Check to ensure source and destination have the same address family.
+        String sourceAddress = config.getSourceAddress();
+        String destinationAddress = config.getDestinationAddress();
+        int sourceFamily = getFamily(sourceAddress);
+        int destinationFamily = getFamily(destinationAddress);
+        if (sourceFamily != destinationFamily) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Source address ("
+                            + sourceAddress
+                            + ") and destination address ("
+                            + destinationAddress
+                            + ") have different address families.");
+        }
+
+        // Throw an error if UDP Encapsulation is not used in IPv4.
+        if (config.getEncapType() != IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE && sourceFamily != AF_INET) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "UDP Encapsulation is not supported for this address family");
+        }
+
+        switch (config.getMode()) {
+            case IpSecTransform.MODE_TRANSPORT:
+                break;
+            case IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL:
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Invalid IpSecTransform.mode: " + config.getMode());
+        }
+
+        config.setMarkValue(0);
+        config.setMarkMask(0);
+    }
+
+    private static final String TUNNEL_OP = AppOpsManager.OPSTR_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS;
+
+    private void enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(String callingPackage) {
+        if (!mContext.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS)) {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
+                    "IPsec Tunnel Mode requires PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS");
+        }
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callingPackage, "Null calling package cannot create IpSec tunnels");
+
+        // OP_MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS will return MODE_ERRORED by default, including for the system
+        // server. If the appop is not granted, require that the caller has the MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS
+        // permission or is the System Server.
+        if (AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED == getAppOpsManager().noteOpNoThrow(
+                TUNNEL_OP, Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackage)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_IPSEC_TUNNELS, "IpSecService");
+    }
+
+    private void createOrUpdateTransform(
+            IpSecConfig c, int resourceId, SpiRecord spiRecord, EncapSocketRecord socketRecord)
+            throws RemoteException {
+
+        int encapType = c.getEncapType(), encapLocalPort = 0, encapRemotePort = 0;
+        if (encapType != IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE) {
+            encapLocalPort = socketRecord.getPort();
+            encapRemotePort = c.getEncapRemotePort();
+        }
+
+        IpSecAlgorithm auth = c.getAuthentication();
+        IpSecAlgorithm crypt = c.getEncryption();
+        IpSecAlgorithm authCrypt = c.getAuthenticatedEncryption();
+
+        String cryptName;
+        if (crypt == null) {
+            cryptName = (authCrypt == null) ? IpSecAlgorithm.CRYPT_NULL : "";
+        } else {
+            cryptName = crypt.getName();
+        }
+
+        mNetd.ipSecAddSecurityAssociation(
+                Binder.getCallingUid(),
+                c.getMode(),
+                c.getSourceAddress(),
+                c.getDestinationAddress(),
+                (c.getNetwork() != null) ? c.getNetwork().getNetId() : 0,
+                spiRecord.getSpi(),
+                c.getMarkValue(),
+                c.getMarkMask(),
+                (auth != null) ? auth.getName() : "",
+                (auth != null) ? auth.getKey() : new byte[] {},
+                (auth != null) ? auth.getTruncationLengthBits() : 0,
+                cryptName,
+                (crypt != null) ? crypt.getKey() : new byte[] {},
+                (crypt != null) ? crypt.getTruncationLengthBits() : 0,
+                (authCrypt != null) ? authCrypt.getName() : "",
+                (authCrypt != null) ? authCrypt.getKey() : new byte[] {},
+                (authCrypt != null) ? authCrypt.getTruncationLengthBits() : 0,
+                encapType,
+                encapLocalPort,
+                encapRemotePort,
+                c.getXfrmInterfaceId());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a IPsec transform, which represents a single security association in the kernel. The
+     * transform will be cached by the system server and must be freed when no longer needed. It is
+     * possible to free one, deleting the SA from underneath sockets that are using it, which will
+     * result in all of those sockets becoming unable to send or receive data.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized IpSecTransformResponse createTransform(
+            IpSecConfig c, IBinder binder, String callingPackage) throws RemoteException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(c);
+        if (c.getMode() == IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL) {
+            enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+        }
+        checkIpSecConfig(c);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(binder, "Null Binder passed to createTransform");
+        final int resourceId = mNextResourceId++;
+
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        List<RefcountedResource> dependencies = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        if (!userRecord.mTransformQuotaTracker.isAvailable()) {
+            return new IpSecTransformResponse(IpSecManager.Status.RESOURCE_UNAVAILABLE);
+        }
+
+        EncapSocketRecord socketRecord = null;
+        if (c.getEncapType() != IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE) {
+            RefcountedResource<EncapSocketRecord> refcountedSocketRecord =
+                    userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(
+                            c.getEncapSocketResourceId());
+            dependencies.add(refcountedSocketRecord);
+            socketRecord = refcountedSocketRecord.getResource();
+        }
+
+        RefcountedResource<SpiRecord> refcountedSpiRecord =
+                userRecord.mSpiRecords.getRefcountedResourceOrThrow(c.getSpiResourceId());
+        dependencies.add(refcountedSpiRecord);
+        SpiRecord spiRecord = refcountedSpiRecord.getResource();
+
+        createOrUpdateTransform(c, resourceId, spiRecord, socketRecord);
+
+        // SA was created successfully, time to construct a record and lock it away
+        userRecord.mTransformRecords.put(
+                resourceId,
+                new RefcountedResource<TransformRecord>(
+                        new TransformRecord(resourceId, c, spiRecord, socketRecord),
+                        binder,
+                        dependencies.toArray(new RefcountedResource[dependencies.size()])));
+        return new IpSecTransformResponse(IpSecManager.Status.OK, resourceId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Delete a transport mode transform that was previously allocated by + registered with the
+     * system server. If this is called on an inactive (or non-existent) transform, it will not
+     * return an error. It's safe to de-allocate transforms that may have already been deleted for
+     * other reasons.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void deleteTransform(int resourceId) throws RemoteException {
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(Binder.getCallingUid());
+        releaseResource(userRecord.mTransformRecords, resourceId);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an active transport mode transform to a socket, which will apply the IPsec security
+     * association as a correspondent policy to the provided socket
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void applyTransportModeTransform(
+            ParcelFileDescriptor socket, int direction, int resourceId) throws RemoteException {
+        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(callingUid);
+        checkDirection(direction);
+        // Get transform record; if no transform is found, will throw IllegalArgumentException
+        TransformRecord info = userRecord.mTransformRecords.getResourceOrThrow(resourceId);
+
+        // TODO: make this a function.
+        if (info.mPid != getCallingPid() || info.mUid != callingUid) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Only the owner of an IpSec Transform may apply it!");
+        }
+
+        // Get config and check that to-be-applied transform has the correct mode
+        IpSecConfig c = info.getConfig();
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                c.getMode() == IpSecTransform.MODE_TRANSPORT,
+                "Transform mode was not Transport mode; cannot be applied to a socket");
+
+        mNetd.ipSecApplyTransportModeTransform(
+                socket,
+                callingUid,
+                direction,
+                c.getSourceAddress(),
+                c.getDestinationAddress(),
+                info.getSpiRecord().getSpi());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove transport mode transforms from a socket, applying the default (empty) policy. This
+     * ensures that NO IPsec policy is applied to the socket (would be the equivalent of applying a
+     * policy that performs no IPsec). Today the resourceId parameter is passed but not used:
+     * reserved for future improved input validation.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void removeTransportModeTransforms(ParcelFileDescriptor socket)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        mNetd.ipSecRemoveTransportModeTransform(socket);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply an active tunnel mode transform to a TunnelInterface, which will apply the IPsec
+     * security association as a correspondent policy to the provided interface
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void applyTunnelModeTransform(
+            int tunnelResourceId, int direction,
+            int transformResourceId, String callingPackage) throws RemoteException {
+        enforceTunnelFeatureAndPermissions(callingPackage);
+        checkDirection(direction);
+
+        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        UserRecord userRecord = mUserResourceTracker.getUserRecord(callingUid);
+
+        // Get transform record; if no transform is found, will throw IllegalArgumentException
+        TransformRecord transformInfo =
+                userRecord.mTransformRecords.getResourceOrThrow(transformResourceId);
+
+        // Get tunnelInterface record; if no such interface is found, will throw
+        // IllegalArgumentException
+        TunnelInterfaceRecord tunnelInterfaceInfo =
+                userRecord.mTunnelInterfaceRecords.getResourceOrThrow(tunnelResourceId);
+
+        // Get config and check that to-be-applied transform has the correct mode
+        IpSecConfig c = transformInfo.getConfig();
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(
+                c.getMode() == IpSecTransform.MODE_TUNNEL,
+                "Transform mode was not Tunnel mode; cannot be applied to a tunnel interface");
+
+        EncapSocketRecord socketRecord = null;
+        if (c.getEncapType() != IpSecTransform.ENCAP_NONE) {
+            socketRecord =
+                    userRecord.mEncapSocketRecords.getResourceOrThrow(c.getEncapSocketResourceId());
+        }
+        SpiRecord spiRecord = transformInfo.getSpiRecord();
+
+        int mark =
+                (direction == IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT)
+                        ? tunnelInterfaceInfo.getOkey()
+                        : tunnelInterfaceInfo.getIkey(); // Ikey also used for FWD policies
+
+        try {
+            // Default to using the invalid SPI of 0 for inbound SAs. This allows policies to skip
+            // SPI matching as part of the template resolution.
+            int spi = IpSecManager.INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX;
+            c.setXfrmInterfaceId(tunnelInterfaceInfo.getIfId());
+
+            // TODO: enable this when UPDSA supports updating marks. Adding kernel support upstream
+            //     (and backporting) would allow us to narrow the mark space, and ensure that the SA
+            //     and SPs have matching marks (as VTI are meant to be built).
+            // Currently update does nothing with marks. Leave empty (defaulting to 0) to ensure the
+            //     config matches the actual allocated resources in the kernel.
+            // All SAs will have zero marks (from creation time), and any policy that matches the
+            //     same src/dst could match these SAs. Non-IpSecService governed processes that
+            //     establish floating policies with the same src/dst may result in undefined
+            //     behavior. This is generally limited to vendor code due to the permissions
+            //     (CAP_NET_ADMIN) required.
+            //
+            // c.setMarkValue(mark);
+            // c.setMarkMask(0xffffffff);
+
+            if (direction == IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT) {
+                // Set output mark via underlying network (output only)
+                c.setNetwork(tunnelInterfaceInfo.getUnderlyingNetwork());
+
+                // Set outbound SPI only. We want inbound to use any valid SA (old, new) on rekeys,
+                // but want to guarantee outbound packets are sent over the new SA.
+                spi = spiRecord.getSpi();
+            }
+
+            // Always update the policy with the relevant XFRM_IF_ID
+            for (int selAddrFamily : ADDRESS_FAMILIES) {
+                mNetd.ipSecUpdateSecurityPolicy(
+                        callingUid,
+                        selAddrFamily,
+                        direction,
+                        transformInfo.getConfig().getSourceAddress(),
+                        transformInfo.getConfig().getDestinationAddress(),
+                        spi, // If outbound, also add SPI to the policy.
+                        mark, // Must always set policy mark; ikey/okey for VTIs
+                        0xffffffff,
+                        c.getXfrmInterfaceId());
+            }
+
+            // Update SA with tunnel mark (ikey or okey based on direction)
+            createOrUpdateTransform(c, transformResourceId, spiRecord, socketRecord);
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            if (e.errorCode == EINVAL) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
+            } else {
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected synchronized void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(DUMP, TAG);
+
+        pw.println("IpSecService dump:");
+        pw.println();
+
+        pw.println("mUserResourceTracker:");
+        pw.println(mUserResourceTracker);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec8d779
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnector.java
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.net.LocalSocket;
+import android.net.LocalSocketAddress;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.util.LocalLog;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedList;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Generic connector class for interfacing with a native daemon which uses the
+ * {@code libsysutils} FrameworkListener protocol.
+ */
+final class NativeDaemonConnector implements Runnable, Handler.Callback {
+    private final static boolean VDBG = false;
+
+    private final String TAG;
+
+    private String mSocket;
+    private OutputStream mOutputStream;
+    private LocalLog mLocalLog;
+
+    private volatile boolean mDebug = false;
+    private volatile Object mWarnIfHeld;
+
+    private final ResponseQueue mResponseQueue;
+
+    private final PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
+
+    private final Looper mLooper;
+
+    private INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks mCallbacks;
+    private Handler mCallbackHandler;
+
+    private AtomicInteger mSequenceNumber;
+
+    private static final long DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 1 * 60 * 1000; /* 1 minute */
+    private static final long WARN_EXECUTE_DELAY_MS = 500; /* .5 sec */
+
+    /** Lock held whenever communicating with native daemon. */
+    private final Object mDaemonLock = new Object();
+
+    private final int BUFFER_SIZE = 4096;
+
+    NativeDaemonConnector(INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks callbacks, String socket,
+            int responseQueueSize, String logTag, int maxLogSize, PowerManager.WakeLock wl) {
+        mCallbacks = callbacks;
+        mSocket = socket;
+        mResponseQueue = new ResponseQueue(responseQueueSize);
+        mWakeLock = wl;
+        if (mWakeLock != null) {
+            mWakeLock.setReferenceCounted(true);
+        }
+        mSequenceNumber = new AtomicInteger(0);
+        TAG = logTag != null ? logTag : "NativeDaemonConnector";
+        mLocalLog = new LocalLog(maxLogSize);
+        final HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        thread.start();
+        mLooper = thread.getLooper();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable Set debugging mode, which causes messages to also be written to both
+     * {@link Log} in addition to internal log.
+     */
+    public void setDebug(boolean debug) {
+        mDebug = debug;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Like SystemClock.uptimeMillis, except truncated to an int so it will fit in a message arg.
+     * Inaccurate across 49.7 days of uptime, but only used for debugging.
+     */
+    private int uptimeMillisInt() {
+        return (int) SystemClock.uptimeMillis() & Integer.MAX_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Yell loudly if someone tries making future {@link #execute(Command)}
+     * calls while holding a lock on the given object.
+     */
+    public void setWarnIfHeld(Object warnIfHeld) {
+        if (mWarnIfHeld != null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("warnIfHeld is already set.");
+        }
+        mWarnIfHeld = Objects.requireNonNull(warnIfHeld);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        mCallbackHandler = new Handler(mLooper, this);
+
+        while (true) {
+            try {
+                listenToSocket();
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                loge("Error in NativeDaemonConnector: " + e);
+                SystemClock.sleep(5000);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
+        final String event = (String) msg.obj;
+        final int start = uptimeMillisInt();
+        final int sent = msg.arg1;
+        try {
+            if (!mCallbacks.onEvent(msg.what, event, NativeDaemonEvent.unescapeArgs(event))) {
+                log(String.format("Unhandled event '%s'", event));
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            loge("Error handling '" + event + "': " + e);
+        } finally {
+            if (mCallbacks.onCheckHoldWakeLock(msg.what) && mWakeLock != null) {
+                mWakeLock.release();
+            }
+            final int end = uptimeMillisInt();
+            if (start > sent && start - sent > WARN_EXECUTE_DELAY_MS) {
+                loge(String.format("NDC event {%s} processed too late: %dms", event, start - sent));
+            }
+            if (end > start && end - start > WARN_EXECUTE_DELAY_MS) {
+                loge(String.format("NDC event {%s} took too long: %dms", event, end - start));
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    private LocalSocketAddress determineSocketAddress() {
+        // If we're testing, set up a socket in a namespace that's accessible to test code.
+        // In order to ensure that unprivileged apps aren't able to impersonate native daemons on
+        // production devices, even if said native daemons ill-advisedly pick a socket name that
+        // starts with __test__, only allow this on debug builds.
+        if (mSocket.startsWith("__test__") && Build.isDebuggable()) {
+            return new LocalSocketAddress(mSocket);
+        } else {
+            return new LocalSocketAddress(mSocket, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void listenToSocket() throws IOException {
+        LocalSocket socket = null;
+
+        try {
+            socket = new LocalSocket();
+            LocalSocketAddress address = determineSocketAddress();
+
+            socket.connect(address);
+
+            InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
+            synchronized (mDaemonLock) {
+                mOutputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
+            }
+
+            mCallbacks.onDaemonConnected();
+
+            FileDescriptor[] fdList = null;
+            byte[] buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
+            int start = 0;
+
+            while (true) {
+                int count = inputStream.read(buffer, start, BUFFER_SIZE - start);
+                if (count < 0) {
+                    loge("got " + count + " reading with start = " + start);
+                    break;
+                }
+                fdList = socket.getAncillaryFileDescriptors();
+
+                // Add our starting point to the count and reset the start.
+                count += start;
+                start = 0;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    if (buffer[i] == 0) {
+                        // Note - do not log this raw message since it may contain
+                        // sensitive data
+                        final String rawEvent = new String(
+                                buffer, start, i - start, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+
+                        boolean releaseWl = false;
+                        try {
+                            final NativeDaemonEvent event =
+                                    NativeDaemonEvent.parseRawEvent(rawEvent, fdList);
+
+                            log("RCV <- {" + event + "}");
+
+                            if (event.isClassUnsolicited()) {
+                                // TODO: migrate to sending NativeDaemonEvent instances
+                                if (mCallbacks.onCheckHoldWakeLock(event.getCode())
+                                        && mWakeLock != null) {
+                                    mWakeLock.acquire();
+                                    releaseWl = true;
+                                }
+                                Message msg = mCallbackHandler.obtainMessage(
+                                        event.getCode(), uptimeMillisInt(), 0, event.getRawEvent());
+                                if (mCallbackHandler.sendMessage(msg)) {
+                                    releaseWl = false;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                mResponseQueue.add(event.getCmdNumber(), event);
+                            }
+                        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                            log("Problem parsing message " + e);
+                        } finally {
+                            if (releaseWl) {
+                                mWakeLock.release();
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        start = i + 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (start == 0) {
+                    log("RCV incomplete");
+                }
+
+                // We should end at the amount we read. If not, compact then
+                // buffer and read again.
+                if (start != count) {
+                    final int remaining = BUFFER_SIZE - start;
+                    System.arraycopy(buffer, start, buffer, 0, remaining);
+                    start = remaining;
+                } else {
+                    start = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            loge("Communications error: " + ex);
+            throw ex;
+        } finally {
+            synchronized (mDaemonLock) {
+                if (mOutputStream != null) {
+                    try {
+                        loge("closing stream for " + mSocket);
+                        mOutputStream.close();
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                        loge("Failed closing output stream: " + e);
+                    }
+                    mOutputStream = null;
+                }
+            }
+
+            try {
+                if (socket != null) {
+                    socket.close();
+                }
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                loge("Failed closing socket: " + ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper around argument that indicates it's sensitive and shouldn't be
+     * logged.
+     */
+    public static class SensitiveArg {
+        private final Object mArg;
+
+        public SensitiveArg(Object arg) {
+            mArg = arg;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return String.valueOf(mArg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make command for daemon, escaping arguments as needed.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static void makeCommand(StringBuilder rawBuilder, StringBuilder logBuilder, int sequenceNumber,
+            String cmd, Object... args) {
+        if (cmd.indexOf('\0') >= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected command: " + cmd);
+        }
+        if (cmd.indexOf(' ') >= 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Arguments must be separate from command");
+        }
+
+        rawBuilder.append(sequenceNumber).append(' ').append(cmd);
+        logBuilder.append(sequenceNumber).append(' ').append(cmd);
+        for (Object arg : args) {
+            final String argString = String.valueOf(arg);
+            if (argString.indexOf('\0') >= 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected argument: " + arg);
+            }
+
+            rawBuilder.append(' ');
+            logBuilder.append(' ');
+
+            appendEscaped(rawBuilder, argString);
+            if (arg instanceof SensitiveArg) {
+                logBuilder.append("[scrubbed]");
+            } else {
+                appendEscaped(logBuilder, argString);
+            }
+        }
+
+        rawBuilder.append('\0');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method that waits until all asychronous notifications sent by the native daemon have
+     * been processed. This method must not be called on the notification thread or an
+     * exception will be thrown.
+     */
+    public void waitForCallbacks() {
+        if (Thread.currentThread() == mLooper.getThread()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Must not call this method on callback thread");
+        }
+
+        final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        mCallbackHandler.post(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                latch.countDown();
+            }
+        });
+        try {
+            latch.await();
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Interrupted while waiting for unsolicited response handling", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Issue the given command to the native daemon and return a single expected
+     * response.
+     *
+     * @throws NativeDaemonConnectorException when problem communicating with
+     *             native daemon, or if the response matches
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassClientError()} or
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassServerError()}.
+     */
+    public NativeDaemonEvent execute(Command cmd) throws NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        return execute(cmd.mCmd, cmd.mArguments.toArray());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Issue the given command to the native daemon and return a single expected
+     * response. Any arguments must be separated from base command so they can
+     * be properly escaped.
+     *
+     * @throws NativeDaemonConnectorException when problem communicating with
+     *             native daemon, or if the response matches
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassClientError()} or
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassServerError()}.
+     */
+    public NativeDaemonEvent execute(String cmd, Object... args)
+            throws NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        return execute(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, cmd, args);
+    }
+
+    public NativeDaemonEvent execute(long timeoutMs, String cmd, Object... args)
+            throws NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        final NativeDaemonEvent[] events = executeForList(timeoutMs, cmd, args);
+        if (events.length != 1) {
+            throw new NativeDaemonConnectorException(
+                    "Expected exactly one response, but received " + events.length);
+        }
+        return events[0];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Issue the given command to the native daemon and return any
+     * {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassContinue()} responses, including the
+     * final terminal response.
+     *
+     * @throws NativeDaemonConnectorException when problem communicating with
+     *             native daemon, or if the response matches
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassClientError()} or
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassServerError()}.
+     */
+    public NativeDaemonEvent[] executeForList(Command cmd) throws NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        return executeForList(cmd.mCmd, cmd.mArguments.toArray());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Issue the given command to the native daemon and return any
+     * {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassContinue()} responses, including the
+     * final terminal response. Any arguments must be separated from base
+     * command so they can be properly escaped.
+     *
+     * @throws NativeDaemonConnectorException when problem communicating with
+     *             native daemon, or if the response matches
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassClientError()} or
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassServerError()}.
+     */
+    public NativeDaemonEvent[] executeForList(String cmd, Object... args)
+            throws NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        return executeForList(DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, cmd, args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Issue the given command to the native daemon and return any {@linke
+     * NativeDaemonEvent@isClassContinue()} responses, including the final
+     * terminal response. Note that the timeout does not count time in deep
+     * sleep. Any arguments must be separated from base command so they can be
+     * properly escaped.
+     *
+     * @throws NativeDaemonConnectorException when problem communicating with
+     *             native daemon, or if the response matches
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassClientError()} or
+     *             {@link NativeDaemonEvent#isClassServerError()}.
+     */
+    public NativeDaemonEvent[] executeForList(long timeoutMs, String cmd, Object... args)
+            throws NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        if (mWarnIfHeld != null && Thread.holdsLock(mWarnIfHeld)) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Calling thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is holding 0x"
+                    + Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(mWarnIfHeld)), new Throwable());
+        }
+
+        final long startTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+
+        final ArrayList<NativeDaemonEvent> events = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        final StringBuilder rawBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        final StringBuilder logBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        final int sequenceNumber = mSequenceNumber.incrementAndGet();
+
+        makeCommand(rawBuilder, logBuilder, sequenceNumber, cmd, args);
+
+        final String rawCmd = rawBuilder.toString();
+        final String logCmd = logBuilder.toString();
+
+        log("SND -> {" + logCmd + "}");
+
+        synchronized (mDaemonLock) {
+            if (mOutputStream == null) {
+                throw new NativeDaemonConnectorException("missing output stream");
+            } else {
+                try {
+                    mOutputStream.write(rawCmd.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    throw new NativeDaemonConnectorException("problem sending command", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        NativeDaemonEvent event = null;
+        do {
+            event = mResponseQueue.remove(sequenceNumber, timeoutMs, logCmd);
+            if (event == null) {
+                loge("timed-out waiting for response to " + logCmd);
+                throw new NativeDaemonTimeoutException(logCmd, event);
+            }
+            if (VDBG) log("RMV <- {" + event + "}");
+            events.add(event);
+        } while (event.isClassContinue());
+
+        final long endTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        if (endTime - startTime > WARN_EXECUTE_DELAY_MS) {
+            loge("NDC Command {" + logCmd + "} took too long (" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms)");
+        }
+
+        if (event.isClassClientError()) {
+            throw new NativeDaemonArgumentException(logCmd, event);
+        }
+        if (event.isClassServerError()) {
+            throw new NativeDaemonFailureException(logCmd, event);
+        }
+
+        return events.toArray(new NativeDaemonEvent[events.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Append the given argument to {@link StringBuilder}, escaping as needed,
+     * and surrounding with quotes when it contains spaces.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static void appendEscaped(StringBuilder builder, String arg) {
+        final boolean hasSpaces = arg.indexOf(' ') >= 0;
+        if (hasSpaces) {
+            builder.append('"');
+        }
+
+        final int length = arg.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            final char c = arg.charAt(i);
+
+            if (c == '"') {
+                builder.append("\\\"");
+            } else if (c == '\\') {
+                builder.append("\\\\");
+            } else {
+                builder.append(c);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hasSpaces) {
+            builder.append('"');
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class NativeDaemonArgumentException extends NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        public NativeDaemonArgumentException(String command, NativeDaemonEvent event) {
+            super(command, event);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public IllegalArgumentException rethrowAsParcelableException() {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException(getMessage(), this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class NativeDaemonFailureException extends NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+        public NativeDaemonFailureException(String command, NativeDaemonEvent event) {
+            super(command, event);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Command builder that handles argument list building. Any arguments must
+     * be separated from base command so they can be properly escaped.
+     */
+    public static class Command {
+        private String mCmd;
+        private ArrayList<Object> mArguments = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        public Command(String cmd, Object... args) {
+            mCmd = cmd;
+            for (Object arg : args) {
+                appendArg(arg);
+            }
+        }
+
+        public Command appendArg(Object arg) {
+            mArguments.add(arg);
+            return this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+        mLocalLog.dump(fd, pw, args);
+        pw.println();
+        mResponseQueue.dump(fd, pw, args);
+    }
+
+    private void log(String logstring) {
+        if (mDebug) Log.d(TAG, logstring);
+        mLocalLog.log(logstring);
+    }
+
+    private void loge(String logstring) {
+        Log.e(TAG, logstring);
+        mLocalLog.log(logstring);
+    }
+
+    private static class ResponseQueue {
+
+        private static class PendingCmd {
+            public final int cmdNum;
+            public final String logCmd;
+
+            public BlockingQueue<NativeDaemonEvent> responses =
+                    new ArrayBlockingQueue<NativeDaemonEvent>(10);
+
+            // The availableResponseCount member is used to track when we can remove this
+            // instance from the ResponseQueue.
+            // This is used under the protection of a sync of the mPendingCmds object.
+            // A positive value means we've had more writers retreive this object while
+            // a negative value means we've had more readers.  When we've had an equal number
+            // (it goes to zero) we can remove this object from the mPendingCmds list.
+            // Note that we may have more responses for this command (and more readers
+            // coming), but that would result in a new PendingCmd instance being created
+            // and added with the same cmdNum.
+            // Also note that when this goes to zero it just means a parity of readers and
+            // writers have retrieved this object - not that they are done using it.  The
+            // responses queue may well have more responses yet to be read or may get more
+            // responses added to it.  But all those readers/writers have retreived and
+            // hold references to this instance already so it can be removed from
+            // mPendingCmds queue.
+            public int availableResponseCount;
+
+            public PendingCmd(int cmdNum, String logCmd) {
+                this.cmdNum = cmdNum;
+                this.logCmd = logCmd;
+            }
+        }
+
+        private final LinkedList<PendingCmd> mPendingCmds;
+        private int mMaxCount;
+
+        ResponseQueue(int maxCount) {
+            mPendingCmds = new LinkedList<PendingCmd>();
+            mMaxCount = maxCount;
+        }
+
+        public void add(int cmdNum, NativeDaemonEvent response) {
+            PendingCmd found = null;
+            synchronized (mPendingCmds) {
+                for (PendingCmd pendingCmd : mPendingCmds) {
+                    if (pendingCmd.cmdNum == cmdNum) {
+                        found = pendingCmd;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (found == null) {
+                    // didn't find it - make sure our queue isn't too big before adding
+                    while (mPendingCmds.size() >= mMaxCount) {
+                        Log.e("NativeDaemonConnector.ResponseQueue",
+                                "more buffered than allowed: " + mPendingCmds.size() +
+                                " >= " + mMaxCount);
+                        // let any waiter timeout waiting for this
+                        PendingCmd pendingCmd = mPendingCmds.remove();
+                        Log.e("NativeDaemonConnector.ResponseQueue",
+                                "Removing request: " + pendingCmd.logCmd + " (" +
+                                pendingCmd.cmdNum + ")");
+                    }
+                    found = new PendingCmd(cmdNum, null);
+                    mPendingCmds.add(found);
+                }
+                found.availableResponseCount++;
+                // if a matching remove call has already retrieved this we can remove this
+                // instance from our list
+                if (found.availableResponseCount == 0) mPendingCmds.remove(found);
+            }
+            try {
+                found.responses.put(response);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) { }
+        }
+
+        // note that the timeout does not count time in deep sleep.  If you don't want
+        // the device to sleep, hold a wakelock
+        public NativeDaemonEvent remove(int cmdNum, long timeoutMs, String logCmd) {
+            PendingCmd found = null;
+            synchronized (mPendingCmds) {
+                for (PendingCmd pendingCmd : mPendingCmds) {
+                    if (pendingCmd.cmdNum == cmdNum) {
+                        found = pendingCmd;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (found == null) {
+                    found = new PendingCmd(cmdNum, logCmd);
+                    mPendingCmds.add(found);
+                }
+                found.availableResponseCount--;
+                // if a matching add call has already retrieved this we can remove this
+                // instance from our list
+                if (found.availableResponseCount == 0) mPendingCmds.remove(found);
+            }
+            NativeDaemonEvent result = null;
+            try {
+                result = found.responses.poll(timeoutMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
+            if (result == null) {
+                Log.e("NativeDaemonConnector.ResponseQueue", "Timeout waiting for response");
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+            pw.println("Pending requests:");
+            synchronized (mPendingCmds) {
+                for (PendingCmd pendingCmd : mPendingCmds) {
+                    pw.println("  Cmd " + pendingCmd.cmdNum + " - " + pendingCmd.logCmd);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnectorException.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnectorException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d8881c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnectorException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.os.Parcel;
+
+/**
+ * An exception that indicates there was an error with a
+ * {@link NativeDaemonConnector} operation.
+ */
+public class NativeDaemonConnectorException extends Exception {
+    private String mCmd;
+    private NativeDaemonEvent mEvent;
+
+    public NativeDaemonConnectorException(String detailMessage) {
+        super(detailMessage);
+    }
+
+    public NativeDaemonConnectorException(String detailMessage, Throwable throwable) {
+        super(detailMessage, throwable);
+    }
+
+    public NativeDaemonConnectorException(String cmd, NativeDaemonEvent event) {
+        super("command '" + cmd + "' failed with '" + event + "'");
+        mCmd = cmd;
+        mEvent = event;
+    }
+
+    public int getCode() {
+        return mEvent != null ? mEvent.getCode() : -1;
+    }
+
+    public String getCmd() {
+        return mCmd;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rethrow as a {@link RuntimeException} subclass that is handled by
+     * {@link Parcel#writeException(Exception)}.
+     */
+    public IllegalArgumentException rethrowAsParcelableException() {
+        throw new IllegalStateException(getMessage(), this);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonEvent.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonEvent.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5683694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonEvent.java
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * Parsed event from native side of {@link NativeDaemonConnector}.
+ */
+public class NativeDaemonEvent {
+
+    // TODO: keep class ranges in sync with ResponseCode.h
+    // TODO: swap client and server error ranges to roughly mirror HTTP spec
+
+    private final int mCmdNumber;
+    private final int mCode;
+    private final String mMessage;
+    private final String mRawEvent;
+    private final String mLogMessage;
+    private String[] mParsed;
+    private FileDescriptor[] mFdList;
+
+    private NativeDaemonEvent(int cmdNumber, int code, String message,
+                              String rawEvent, String logMessage, FileDescriptor[] fdList) {
+        mCmdNumber = cmdNumber;
+        mCode = code;
+        mMessage = message;
+        mRawEvent = rawEvent;
+        mLogMessage = logMessage;
+        mParsed = null;
+        mFdList = fdList;
+    }
+
+    static public final String SENSITIVE_MARKER = "{{sensitive}}";
+
+    public int getCmdNumber() {
+        return mCmdNumber;
+    }
+
+    public int getCode() {
+        return mCode;
+    }
+
+    public String getMessage() {
+        return mMessage;
+    }
+
+    public FileDescriptor[] getFileDescriptors() {
+        return mFdList;
+    }
+
+    @Deprecated
+    public String getRawEvent() {
+        return mRawEvent;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return mLogMessage;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if event represents a partial response which is continued in
+     * additional subsequent events.
+     */
+    public boolean isClassContinue() {
+        return mCode >= 100 && mCode < 200;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if event represents a command success.
+     */
+    public boolean isClassOk() {
+        return mCode >= 200 && mCode < 300;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if event represents a remote native daemon error.
+     */
+    public boolean isClassServerError() {
+        return mCode >= 400 && mCode < 500;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if event represents a command syntax or argument error.
+     */
+    public boolean isClassClientError() {
+        return mCode >= 500 && mCode < 600;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Test if event represents an unsolicited event from native daemon.
+     */
+    public boolean isClassUnsolicited() {
+        return isClassUnsolicited(mCode);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isClassUnsolicited(int code) {
+        return code >= 600 && code < 700;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify this event matches the given code.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException if {@link #getCode()} doesn't match.
+     */
+    public void checkCode(int code) {
+        if (mCode != code) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Expected " + code + " but was: " + this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse the given raw event into {@link NativeDaemonEvent} instance.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException when line doesn't match format expected
+     *             from native side.
+     */
+    public static NativeDaemonEvent parseRawEvent(String rawEvent, FileDescriptor[] fdList) {
+        final String[] parsed = rawEvent.split(" ");
+        if (parsed.length < 2) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Insufficient arguments");
+        }
+
+        int skiplength = 0;
+
+        final int code;
+        try {
+            code = Integer.parseInt(parsed[0]);
+            skiplength = parsed[0].length() + 1;
+        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("problem parsing code", e);
+        }
+
+        int cmdNumber = -1;
+        if (isClassUnsolicited(code) == false) {
+            if (parsed.length < 3) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Insufficient arguemnts");
+            }
+            try {
+                cmdNumber = Integer.parseInt(parsed[1]);
+                skiplength += parsed[1].length() + 1;
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("problem parsing cmdNumber", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        String logMessage = rawEvent;
+        if (parsed.length > 2 && parsed[2].equals(SENSITIVE_MARKER)) {
+            skiplength += parsed[2].length() + 1;
+            logMessage = parsed[0] + " " + parsed[1] + " {}";
+        }
+
+        final String message = rawEvent.substring(skiplength);
+
+        return new NativeDaemonEvent(cmdNumber, code, message, rawEvent, logMessage, fdList);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter the given {@link NativeDaemonEvent} list, returning
+     * {@link #getMessage()} for any events matching the requested code.
+     */
+    public static String[] filterMessageList(NativeDaemonEvent[] events, int matchCode) {
+        final ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (NativeDaemonEvent event : events) {
+            if (event.getCode() == matchCode) {
+                result.add(event.getMessage());
+            }
+        }
+        return result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the Nth field of the event.
+     *
+     * This ignores and code or cmdNum, the first return value is given for N=0.
+     * Also understands "\"quoted\" multiword responses" and tries them as a single field
+     */
+    public String getField(int n) {
+        if (mParsed == null) {
+            mParsed = unescapeArgs(mRawEvent);
+        }
+        n += 2; // skip code and command#
+        if (n > mParsed.length) return null;
+            return mParsed[n];
+        }
+
+    public static String[] unescapeArgs(String rawEvent) {
+        final boolean DEBUG_ROUTINE = false;
+        final String LOGTAG = "unescapeArgs";
+        final ArrayList<String> parsed = new ArrayList<String>();
+        final int length = rawEvent.length();
+        int current = 0;
+        int wordEnd = -1;
+        boolean quoted = false;
+
+        if (DEBUG_ROUTINE) Log.e(LOGTAG, "parsing '" + rawEvent + "'");
+        if (rawEvent.charAt(current) == '\"') {
+            quoted = true;
+            current++;
+        }
+        while (current < length) {
+            // find the end of the word
+            char terminator = quoted ? '\"' : ' ';
+            wordEnd = current;
+            while (wordEnd < length && rawEvent.charAt(wordEnd) != terminator) {
+                if (rawEvent.charAt(wordEnd) == '\\') {
+                    // skip the escaped char
+                    ++wordEnd;
+                }
+                ++wordEnd;
+            }
+            if (wordEnd > length) wordEnd = length;
+            String word = rawEvent.substring(current, wordEnd);
+            current += word.length();
+            if (!quoted) {
+                word = word.trim();
+            } else {
+                current++;  // skip the trailing quote
+            }
+            // unescape stuff within the word
+            word = word.replace("\\\\", "\\");
+            word = word.replace("\\\"", "\"");
+
+            if (DEBUG_ROUTINE) Log.e(LOGTAG, "found '" + word + "'");
+            parsed.add(word);
+
+            // find the beginning of the next word - either of these options
+            int nextSpace = rawEvent.indexOf(' ', current);
+            int nextQuote = rawEvent.indexOf(" \"", current);
+            if (DEBUG_ROUTINE) {
+                Log.e(LOGTAG, "nextSpace=" + nextSpace + ", nextQuote=" + nextQuote);
+            }
+            if (nextQuote > -1 && nextQuote <= nextSpace) {
+                quoted = true;
+                current = nextQuote + 2;
+            } else {
+                quoted = false;
+                if (nextSpace > -1) {
+                    current = nextSpace + 1;
+                }
+            } // else we just start the next word after the current and read til the end
+            if (DEBUG_ROUTINE) {
+                Log.e(LOGTAG, "next loop - current=" + current
+                        + ", length=" + length + ", quoted=" + quoted);
+            }
+        }
+        return parsed.toArray(new String[parsed.size()]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonTimeoutException.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonTimeoutException.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658f7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NativeDaemonTimeoutException.java
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+/**
+ * An exception that indicates there was a timeout with a
+ * {@link NativeDaemonConnector} operation.
+ */
+public class NativeDaemonTimeoutException extends NativeDaemonConnectorException {
+    public NativeDaemonTimeoutException(String command, NativeDaemonEvent event) {
+        super(command, event);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ddf6d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,1146 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdManagerCallback;
+import android.net.nsd.INsdServiceConnector;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager;
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.util.Base64;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.State;
+import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsSdTxtRecord;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.NetworkInterface;
+import java.net.SocketException;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+
+/**
+ * Network Service Discovery Service handles remote service discovery operation requests by
+ * implementing the INsdManager interface.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NsdService extends INsdManager.Stub {
+    private static final String TAG = "NsdService";
+    private static final String MDNS_TAG = "mDnsConnector";
+
+    private static final boolean DBG = true;
+    private static final long CLEANUP_DELAY_MS = 10000;
+    private static final int IFACE_IDX_ANY = 0;
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final NsdStateMachine mNsdStateMachine;
+    private final DaemonConnection mDaemon;
+    private final NativeCallbackReceiver mDaemonCallback;
+
+    /**
+     * Clients receiving asynchronous messages
+     */
+    private final HashMap<NsdServiceConnector, ClientInfo> mClients = new HashMap<>();
+
+    /* A map from unique id to client info */
+    private final SparseArray<ClientInfo> mIdToClientInfoMap= new SparseArray<>();
+
+    private final long mCleanupDelayMs;
+
+    private static final int INVALID_ID = 0;
+    private int mUniqueId = 1;
+    // The count of the connected legacy clients.
+    private int mLegacyClientCount = 0;
+
+    private class NsdStateMachine extends StateMachine {
+
+        private final DefaultState mDefaultState = new DefaultState();
+        private final DisabledState mDisabledState = new DisabledState();
+        private final EnabledState mEnabledState = new EnabledState();
+
+        @Override
+        protected String getWhatToString(int what) {
+            return NsdManager.nameOf(what);
+        }
+
+        private void maybeStartDaemon() {
+            mDaemon.maybeStart();
+            maybeScheduleStop();
+        }
+
+        private boolean isAnyRequestActive() {
+            return mIdToClientInfoMap.size() != 0;
+        }
+
+        private void scheduleStop() {
+            sendMessageDelayed(NsdManager.DAEMON_CLEANUP, mCleanupDelayMs);
+        }
+        private void maybeScheduleStop() {
+            // The native daemon should stay alive and can't be cleanup
+            // if any legacy client connected.
+            if (!isAnyRequestActive() && mLegacyClientCount == 0) {
+                scheduleStop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void cancelStop() {
+            this.removeMessages(NsdManager.DAEMON_CLEANUP);
+        }
+
+        NsdStateMachine(String name, Handler handler) {
+            super(name, handler);
+            addState(mDefaultState);
+                addState(mDisabledState, mDefaultState);
+                addState(mEnabledState, mDefaultState);
+            State initialState = mEnabledState;
+            setInitialState(initialState);
+            setLogRecSize(25);
+        }
+
+        class DefaultState extends State {
+            @Override
+            public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+                final ClientInfo cInfo;
+                final int clientId = msg.arg2;
+                switch (msg.what) {
+                    case NsdManager.REGISTER_CLIENT:
+                        final Pair<NsdServiceConnector, INsdManagerCallback> arg =
+                                (Pair<NsdServiceConnector, INsdManagerCallback>) msg.obj;
+                        final INsdManagerCallback cb = arg.second;
+                        try {
+                            cb.asBinder().linkToDeath(arg.first, 0);
+                            cInfo = new ClientInfo(cb);
+                            mClients.put(arg.first, cInfo);
+                        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                            Log.w(TAG, "Client " + clientId + " has already died");
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.UNREGISTER_CLIENT:
+                        final NsdServiceConnector connector = (NsdServiceConnector) msg.obj;
+                        cInfo = mClients.remove(connector);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cInfo.expungeAllRequests();
+                            if (cInfo.isLegacy()) {
+                                mLegacyClientCount -= 1;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        maybeScheduleStop();
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES:
+                        cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                       break;
+                    case NsdManager.STOP_DISCOVERY:
+                        cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cInfo.onStopDiscoveryFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE:
+                        cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE:
+                        cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cInfo.onUnregisterServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
+                        cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.DAEMON_CLEANUP:
+                        mDaemon.maybeStop();
+                        break;
+                    // This event should be only sent by the legacy (target SDK < S) clients.
+                    // Mark the sending client as legacy.
+                    case NsdManager.DAEMON_STARTUP:
+                        cInfo = getClientInfoForReply(msg);
+                        if (cInfo != null) {
+                            cancelStop();
+                            cInfo.setLegacy();
+                            mLegacyClientCount += 1;
+                            maybeStartDaemon();
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT:
+                    default:
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Unhandled " + msg);
+                        return NOT_HANDLED;
+                }
+                return HANDLED;
+            }
+
+            private ClientInfo getClientInfoForReply(Message msg) {
+                final ListenerArgs args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                return mClients.get(args.connector);
+            }
+        }
+
+        class DisabledState extends State {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                sendNsdStateChangeBroadcast(false);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+                switch (msg.what) {
+                    case NsdManager.ENABLE:
+                        transitionTo(mEnabledState);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return NOT_HANDLED;
+                }
+                return HANDLED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        class EnabledState extends State {
+            @Override
+            public void enter() {
+                sendNsdStateChangeBroadcast(true);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void exit() {
+                // TODO: it is incorrect to stop the daemon without expunging all requests
+                // and sending error callbacks to clients.
+                scheduleStop();
+            }
+
+            private boolean requestLimitReached(ClientInfo clientInfo) {
+                if (clientInfo.mClientIds.size() >= ClientInfo.MAX_LIMIT) {
+                    if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Exceeded max outstanding requests " + clientInfo);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            private void storeRequestMap(int clientId, int globalId, ClientInfo clientInfo, int what) {
+                clientInfo.mClientIds.put(clientId, globalId);
+                clientInfo.mClientRequests.put(clientId, what);
+                mIdToClientInfoMap.put(globalId, clientInfo);
+                // Remove the cleanup event because here comes a new request.
+                cancelStop();
+            }
+
+            private void removeRequestMap(int clientId, int globalId, ClientInfo clientInfo) {
+                clientInfo.mClientIds.delete(clientId);
+                clientInfo.mClientRequests.delete(clientId);
+                mIdToClientInfoMap.remove(globalId);
+                maybeScheduleStop();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+                final ClientInfo clientInfo;
+                final int id;
+                final int clientId = msg.arg2;
+                final ListenerArgs args;
+                switch (msg.what) {
+                    case NsdManager.DISABLE:
+                        //TODO: cleanup clients
+                        transitionTo(mDisabledState);
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES:
+                        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Discover services");
+                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
+
+                        if (requestLimitReached(clientInfo)) {
+                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT);
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        maybeStartDaemon();
+                        id = getUniqueId();
+                        if (discoverServices(id, args.serviceInfo)) {
+                            if (DBG) {
+                                Log.d(TAG, "Discover " + msg.arg2 + " " + id
+                                        + args.serviceInfo.getServiceType());
+                            }
+                            storeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo, msg.what);
+                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesStarted(clientId, args.serviceInfo);
+                        } else {
+                            stopServiceDiscovery(id);
+                            clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(clientId,
+                                    NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.STOP_DISCOVERY:
+                        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Stop service discovery");
+                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
+
+                        try {
+                            id = clientInfo.mClientIds.get(clientId);
+                        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                            clientInfo.onStopDiscoveryFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
+                        if (stopServiceDiscovery(id)) {
+                            clientInfo.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(clientId);
+                        } else {
+                            clientInfo.onStopDiscoveryFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE:
+                        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Register service");
+                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
+                        if (requestLimitReached(clientInfo)) {
+                            clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_MAX_LIMIT);
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        maybeStartDaemon();
+                        id = getUniqueId();
+                        if (registerService(id, args.serviceInfo)) {
+                            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Register " + clientId + " " + id);
+                            storeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo, msg.what);
+                            // Return success after mDns reports success
+                        } else {
+                            unregisterService(id);
+                            clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE:
+                        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "unregister service");
+                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
+                        if (clientInfo == null) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Unknown connector in unregistration");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        id = clientInfo.mClientIds.get(clientId);
+                        removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
+                        if (unregisterService(id)) {
+                            clientInfo.onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(clientId);
+                        } else {
+                            clientInfo.onUnregisterServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
+                        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Resolve service");
+                        args = (ListenerArgs) msg.obj;
+                        clientInfo = mClients.get(args.connector);
+
+                        if (clientInfo.mResolvedService != null) {
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_ALREADY_ACTIVE);
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        maybeStartDaemon();
+                        id = getUniqueId();
+                        if (resolveService(id, args.serviceInfo)) {
+                            clientInfo.mResolvedService = new NsdServiceInfo();
+                            storeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo, msg.what);
+                        } else {
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT:
+                        NativeEvent event = (NativeEvent) msg.obj;
+                        if (!handleNativeEvent(event.code, event.raw, event.cooked)) {
+                            return NOT_HANDLED;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return NOT_HANDLED;
+                }
+                return HANDLED;
+            }
+
+            private boolean handleNativeEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked) {
+                NsdServiceInfo servInfo;
+                int id = Integer.parseInt(cooked[1]);
+                ClientInfo clientInfo = mIdToClientInfoMap.get(id);
+                if (clientInfo == null) {
+                    String name = NativeResponseCode.nameOf(code);
+                    Log.e(TAG, String.format("id %d for %s has no client mapping", id, name));
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                /* This goes in response as msg.arg2 */
+                int clientId = clientInfo.getClientId(id);
+                if (clientId < 0) {
+                    // This can happen because of race conditions. For example,
+                    // SERVICE_FOUND may race with STOP_SERVICE_DISCOVERY,
+                    // and we may get in this situation.
+                    String name = NativeResponseCode.nameOf(code);
+                    Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                            "Notification %s for listener id %d that is no longer active",
+                            name, id));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (DBG) {
+                    String name = NativeResponseCode.nameOf(code);
+                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("Native daemon message %s: %s", name, raw));
+                }
+                switch (code) {
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_FOUND:
+                        /* NNN uniqueId serviceName regType domain interfaceIdx netId */
+                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(cooked[2], cooked[3]);
+                        final int foundNetId;
+                        try {
+                            foundNetId = Integer.parseInt(cooked[6]);
+                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid network received from mdnsd: " + cooked[6]);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        if (foundNetId == 0L) {
+                            // Ignore services that do not have a Network: they are not usable
+                            // by apps, as they would need privileged permissions to use
+                            // interfaces that do not have an associated Network.
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        servInfo.setNetwork(new Network(foundNetId));
+                        clientInfo.onServiceFound(clientId, servInfo);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_LOST:
+                        /* NNN uniqueId serviceName regType domain interfaceIdx netId */
+                        final int lostNetId;
+                        try {
+                            lostNetId = Integer.parseInt(cooked[6]);
+                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid network received from mdnsd: " + cooked[6]);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(cooked[2], cooked[3]);
+                        // The network could be null if it was torn down when the service is lost
+                        // TODO: avoid returning null in that case, possibly by remembering found
+                        // services on the same interface index and their network at the time
+                        servInfo.setNetwork(lostNetId == 0 ? null : new Network(lostNetId));
+                        clientInfo.onServiceLost(clientId, servInfo);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED:
+                        /* NNN uniqueId errorCode */
+                        clientInfo.onDiscoverServicesFailed(
+                                clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_REGISTERED:
+                        /* NNN regId serviceName regType */
+                        servInfo = new NsdServiceInfo(cooked[2], null);
+                        clientInfo.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(clientId, servInfo);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED:
+                        /* NNN regId errorCode */
+                        clientInfo.onRegisterServiceFailed(
+                                clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_UPDATED:
+                        /* NNN regId */
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED:
+                        /* NNN regId errorCode */
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_RESOLVED:
+                        /* NNN resolveId fullName hostName port txtlen txtdata interfaceIdx */
+                        int index = 0;
+                        while (index < cooked[2].length() && cooked[2].charAt(index) != '.') {
+                            if (cooked[2].charAt(index) == '\\') {
+                                ++index;
+                            }
+                            ++index;
+                        }
+                        if (index >= cooked[2].length()) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Invalid service found " + raw);
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        String name = cooked[2].substring(0, index);
+                        String rest = cooked[2].substring(index);
+                        String type = rest.replace(".local.", "");
+
+                        name = unescape(name);
+
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setServiceName(name);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setServiceType(type);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setPort(Integer.parseInt(cooked[4]));
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService.setTxtRecords(cooked[6]);
+                        // Network will be added after SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS
+
+                        stopResolveService(id);
+                        removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
+
+                        int id2 = getUniqueId();
+                        if (getAddrInfo(id2, cooked[3], cooked[7] /* interfaceIdx */)) {
+                            storeRequestMap(clientId, id2, clientInfo, NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE);
+                        } else {
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                            clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED:
+                        /* NNN resolveId errorCode */
+                        stopResolveService(id);
+                        removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
+                        clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED:
+                        /* NNN resolveId errorCode */
+                        stopGetAddrInfo(id);
+                        removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
+                        clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        break;
+                    case NativeResponseCode.SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS:
+                        /* NNN resolveId hostname ttl addr interfaceIdx netId */
+                        Network network = null;
+                        try {
+                            final int netId = Integer.parseInt(cooked[6]);
+                            network = netId == 0L ? null : new Network(netId);
+                        } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid network in GET_ADDR_SUCCESS: " + cooked[6], e);
+                        }
+
+                        InetAddress serviceHost = null;
+                        try {
+                            serviceHost = InetAddress.getByName(cooked[4]);
+                        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
+                            Log.wtf(TAG, "Invalid host in GET_ADDR_SUCCESS", e);
+                        }
+
+                        // If the resolved service is on an interface without a network, consider it
+                        // as a failure: it would not be usable by apps as they would need
+                        // privileged permissions.
+                        if (network != null && serviceHost != null) {
+                            clientInfo.mResolvedService.setHost(serviceHost);
+                            clientInfo.mResolvedService.setNetwork(network);
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceSucceeded(
+                                    clientId, clientInfo.mResolvedService);
+                        } else {
+                            clientInfo.onResolveServiceFailed(
+                                    clientId, NsdManager.FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                        }
+                        stopGetAddrInfo(id);
+                        removeRequestMap(clientId, id, clientInfo);
+                        clientInfo.mResolvedService = null;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return false;
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+       }
+    }
+
+    private String unescape(String s) {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s.length());
+        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); ++i) {
+            char c = s.charAt(i);
+            if (c == '\\') {
+                if (++i >= s.length()) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected end of escape sequence in: " + s);
+                    break;
+                }
+                c = s.charAt(i);
+                if (c != '.' && c != '\\') {
+                    if (i + 2 >= s.length()) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected end of escape sequence in: " + s);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    c = (char) ((c-'0') * 100 + (s.charAt(i+1)-'0') * 10 + (s.charAt(i+2)-'0'));
+                    i += 2;
+                }
+            }
+            sb.append(c);
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NsdService(Context ctx, Handler handler, DaemonConnectionSupplier fn, long cleanupDelayMs) {
+        mCleanupDelayMs = cleanupDelayMs;
+        mContext = ctx;
+        mNsdStateMachine = new NsdStateMachine(TAG, handler);
+        mNsdStateMachine.start();
+        mDaemonCallback = new NativeCallbackReceiver();
+        mDaemon = fn.get(mDaemonCallback);
+    }
+
+    public static NsdService create(Context context) throws InterruptedException {
+        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        thread.start();
+        Handler handler = new Handler(thread.getLooper());
+        NsdService service =
+                new NsdService(context, handler, DaemonConnection::new, CLEANUP_DELAY_MS);
+        service.mDaemonCallback.awaitConnection();
+        return service;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public INsdServiceConnector connect(INsdManagerCallback cb) {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET, "NsdService");
+        final INsdServiceConnector connector = new NsdServiceConnector();
+        mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                NsdManager.REGISTER_CLIENT, new Pair<>(connector, cb)));
+        return connector;
+    }
+
+    private static class ListenerArgs {
+        public final NsdServiceConnector connector;
+        public final NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo;
+        ListenerArgs(NsdServiceConnector connector, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            this.connector = connector;
+            this.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NsdServiceConnector extends INsdServiceConnector.Stub
+            implements IBinder.DeathRecipient  {
+        @Override
+        public void registerService(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                    NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE, 0, listenerKey,
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, serviceInfo)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void unregisterService(int listenerKey) {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                    NsdManager.UNREGISTER_SERVICE, 0, listenerKey,
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void discoverServices(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                    NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES, 0, listenerKey,
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, serviceInfo)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopDiscovery(int listenerKey) {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                    NsdManager.STOP_DISCOVERY, 0, listenerKey, new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void resolveService(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                    NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE, 0, listenerKey,
+                    new ListenerArgs(this, serviceInfo)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startDaemon() {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(
+                    NsdManager.DAEMON_STARTUP, new ListenerArgs(this, null)));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(
+                    mNsdStateMachine.obtainMessage(NsdManager.UNREGISTER_CLIENT, this));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendNsdStateChangeBroadcast(boolean isEnabled) {
+        final Intent intent = new Intent(NsdManager.ACTION_NSD_STATE_CHANGED);
+        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY_BEFORE_BOOT);
+        int nsdState = isEnabled ? NsdManager.NSD_STATE_ENABLED : NsdManager.NSD_STATE_DISABLED;
+        intent.putExtra(NsdManager.EXTRA_NSD_STATE, nsdState);
+        mContext.sendStickyBroadcastAsUser(intent, UserHandle.ALL);
+    }
+
+    private int getUniqueId() {
+        if (++mUniqueId == INVALID_ID) return ++mUniqueId;
+        return mUniqueId;
+    }
+
+    /* These should be in sync with system/netd/server/ResponseCode.h */
+    static final class NativeResponseCode {
+        public static final int SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED    =   602;
+        public static final int SERVICE_FOUND               =   603;
+        public static final int SERVICE_LOST                =   604;
+
+        public static final int SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED =   605;
+        public static final int SERVICE_REGISTERED          =   606;
+
+        public static final int SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED   =   607;
+        public static final int SERVICE_RESOLVED            =   608;
+
+        public static final int SERVICE_UPDATED             =   609;
+        public static final int SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED       =   610;
+
+        public static final int SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED     =   611;
+        public static final int SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS    =   612;
+
+        private static final SparseArray<String> CODE_NAMES = new SparseArray<>();
+        static {
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED, "SERVICE_DISCOVERY_FAILED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_FOUND, "SERVICE_FOUND");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_LOST, "SERVICE_LOST");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED, "SERVICE_REGISTRATION_FAILED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_REGISTERED, "SERVICE_REGISTERED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED, "SERVICE_RESOLUTION_FAILED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_RESOLVED, "SERVICE_RESOLVED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_UPDATED, "SERVICE_UPDATED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED, "SERVICE_UPDATE_FAILED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED, "SERVICE_GET_ADDR_FAILED");
+            CODE_NAMES.put(SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS, "SERVICE_GET_ADDR_SUCCESS");
+        }
+
+        static String nameOf(int code) {
+            String name = CODE_NAMES.get(code);
+            if (name == null) {
+                return Integer.toString(code);
+            }
+            return name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class NativeEvent {
+        final int code;
+        final String raw;
+        final String[] cooked;
+
+        NativeEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked) {
+            this.code = code;
+            this.raw = raw;
+            this.cooked = cooked;
+        }
+    }
+
+    class NativeCallbackReceiver implements INativeDaemonConnectorCallbacks {
+        private final CountDownLatch connected = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        public void awaitConnection() throws InterruptedException {
+            connected.await();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDaemonConnected() {
+            connected.countDown();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean onCheckHoldWakeLock(int code) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean onEvent(int code, String raw, String[] cooked) {
+            // TODO: NDC translates a message to a callback, we could enhance NDC to
+            // directly interact with a state machine through messages
+            NativeEvent event = new NativeEvent(code, raw, cooked);
+            mNsdStateMachine.sendMessage(NsdManager.NATIVE_DAEMON_EVENT, event);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface DaemonConnectionSupplier {
+        DaemonConnection get(NativeCallbackReceiver callback);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class DaemonConnection {
+        final NativeDaemonConnector mNativeConnector;
+        boolean mIsStarted = false;
+
+        DaemonConnection(NativeCallbackReceiver callback) {
+            mNativeConnector = new NativeDaemonConnector(callback, "mdns", 10, MDNS_TAG, 25, null);
+            new Thread(mNativeConnector, MDNS_TAG).start();
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Executes the specified cmd on the daemon.
+         */
+        public boolean execute(Object... args) {
+            if (DBG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "mdnssd " + Arrays.toString(args));
+            }
+            try {
+                mNativeConnector.execute("mdnssd", args);
+            } catch (NativeDaemonConnectorException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to execute mdnssd " + Arrays.toString(args), e);
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Starts the daemon if it is not already started.
+         */
+        public void maybeStart() {
+            if (mIsStarted) {
+                return;
+            }
+            execute("start-service");
+            mIsStarted = true;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Stops the daemon if it is started.
+         */
+        public void maybeStop() {
+            if (!mIsStarted) {
+                return;
+            }
+            execute("stop-service");
+            mIsStarted = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean registerService(int regId, NsdServiceInfo service) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "registerService: " + regId + " " + service);
+        }
+        String name = service.getServiceName();
+        String type = service.getServiceType();
+        int port = service.getPort();
+        byte[] textRecord = service.getTxtRecord();
+        String record = Base64.encodeToString(textRecord, Base64.DEFAULT).replace("\n", "");
+        return mDaemon.execute("register", regId, name, type, port, record);
+    }
+
+    private boolean unregisterService(int regId) {
+        return mDaemon.execute("stop-register", regId);
+    }
+
+    private boolean updateService(int regId, DnsSdTxtRecord t) {
+        if (t == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return mDaemon.execute("update", regId, t.size(), t.getRawData());
+    }
+
+    private boolean discoverServices(int discoveryId, NsdServiceInfo serviceInfo) {
+        final Network network = serviceInfo.getNetwork();
+        final int discoverInterface = getNetworkInterfaceIndex(network);
+        if (network != null && discoverInterface == IFACE_IDX_ANY) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Interface to discover service on not found");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return mDaemon.execute("discover", discoveryId, serviceInfo.getServiceType(),
+                discoverInterface);
+    }
+
+    private boolean stopServiceDiscovery(int discoveryId) {
+        return mDaemon.execute("stop-discover", discoveryId);
+    }
+
+    private boolean resolveService(int resolveId, NsdServiceInfo service) {
+        final String name = service.getServiceName();
+        final String type = service.getServiceType();
+        final Network network = service.getNetwork();
+        final int resolveInterface = getNetworkInterfaceIndex(network);
+        if (network != null && resolveInterface == IFACE_IDX_ANY) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Interface to resolve service on not found");
+            return false;
+        }
+        return mDaemon.execute("resolve", resolveId, name, type, "local.", resolveInterface);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Guess the interface to use to resolve or discover a service on a specific network.
+     *
+     * This is an imperfect guess, as for example the network may be gone or not yet fully
+     * registered. This is fine as failing is correct if the network is gone, and a client
+     * attempting to resolve/discover on a network not yet setup would have a bad time anyway; also
+     * this is to support the legacy mdnsresponder implementation, which historically resolved
+     * services on an unspecified network.
+     */
+    private int getNetworkInterfaceIndex(Network network) {
+        if (network == null) return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+
+        final ConnectivityManager cm = mContext.getSystemService(ConnectivityManager.class);
+        if (cm == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "No ConnectivityManager for resolveService");
+            return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+        }
+        final LinkProperties lp = cm.getLinkProperties(network);
+        if (lp == null) return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+
+        // Only resolve on non-stacked interfaces
+        final NetworkInterface iface;
+        try {
+            iface = NetworkInterface.getByName(lp.getInterfaceName());
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error querying interface", e);
+            return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+        }
+
+        if (iface == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Interface not found: " + lp.getInterfaceName());
+            return IFACE_IDX_ANY;
+        }
+
+        return iface.getIndex();
+    }
+
+    private boolean stopResolveService(int resolveId) {
+        return mDaemon.execute("stop-resolve", resolveId);
+    }
+
+    private boolean getAddrInfo(int resolveId, String hostname, String interfaceIdx) {
+        // interfaceIdx is always obtained (as string) from the service resolved callback
+        return mDaemon.execute("getaddrinfo", resolveId, hostname, interfaceIdx);
+    }
+
+    private boolean stopGetAddrInfo(int resolveId) {
+        return mDaemon.execute("stop-getaddrinfo", resolveId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
+                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            pw.println("Permission Denial: can't dump " + TAG
+                    + " due to missing android.permission.DUMP permission");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (ClientInfo client : mClients.values()) {
+            pw.println("Client Info");
+            pw.println(client);
+        }
+
+        mNsdStateMachine.dump(fd, pw, args);
+    }
+
+    /* Information tracked per client */
+    private class ClientInfo {
+
+        private static final int MAX_LIMIT = 10;
+        private final INsdManagerCallback mCb;
+        /* Remembers a resolved service until getaddrinfo completes */
+        private NsdServiceInfo mResolvedService;
+
+        /* A map from client id to unique id sent to mDns */
+        private final SparseIntArray mClientIds = new SparseIntArray();
+
+        /* A map from client id to the type of the request we had received */
+        private final SparseIntArray mClientRequests = new SparseIntArray();
+
+        // The target SDK of this client < Build.VERSION_CODES.S
+        private boolean mIsLegacy = false;
+
+        private ClientInfo(INsdManagerCallback cb) {
+            mCb = cb;
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "New client");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+            sb.append("mResolvedService ").append(mResolvedService).append("\n");
+            sb.append("mIsLegacy ").append(mIsLegacy).append("\n");
+            for(int i = 0; i< mClientIds.size(); i++) {
+                int clientID = mClientIds.keyAt(i);
+                sb.append("clientId ").append(clientID).
+                    append(" mDnsId ").append(mClientIds.valueAt(i)).
+                    append(" type ").append(mClientRequests.get(clientID)).append("\n");
+            }
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        private boolean isLegacy() {
+            return mIsLegacy;
+        }
+
+        private void setLegacy() {
+            mIsLegacy = true;
+        }
+
+        // Remove any pending requests from the global map when we get rid of a client,
+        // and send cancellations to the daemon.
+        private void expungeAllRequests() {
+            int globalId, clientId, i;
+            // TODO: to keep handler responsive, do not clean all requests for that client at once.
+            for (i = 0; i < mClientIds.size(); i++) {
+                clientId = mClientIds.keyAt(i);
+                globalId = mClientIds.valueAt(i);
+                mIdToClientInfoMap.remove(globalId);
+                if (DBG) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Terminating client-ID " + clientId
+                            + " global-ID " + globalId + " type " + mClientRequests.get(clientId));
+                }
+                switch (mClientRequests.get(clientId)) {
+                    case NsdManager.DISCOVER_SERVICES:
+                        stopServiceDiscovery(globalId);
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.RESOLVE_SERVICE:
+                        stopResolveService(globalId);
+                        break;
+                    case NsdManager.REGISTER_SERVICE:
+                        unregisterService(globalId);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            mClientIds.clear();
+            mClientRequests.clear();
+        }
+
+        // mClientIds is a sparse array of listener id -> mDnsClient id.  For a given mDnsClient id,
+        // return the corresponding listener id.  mDnsClient id is also called a global id.
+        private int getClientId(final int globalId) {
+            int idx = mClientIds.indexOfValue(globalId);
+            if (idx < 0) {
+                return idx;
+            }
+            return mClientIds.keyAt(idx);
+        }
+
+        void onDiscoverServicesStarted(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onDiscoverServicesStarted(listenerKey, info);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onDiscoverServicesStarted", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onDiscoverServicesFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onDiscoverServicesFailed(listenerKey, error);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onDiscoverServicesFailed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onServiceFound(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onServiceFound(listenerKey, info);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onServiceFound(", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onServiceLost(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onServiceLost(listenerKey, info);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onServiceLost(", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onStopDiscoveryFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onStopDiscoveryFailed(listenerKey, error);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onStopDiscoveryFailed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onStopDiscoverySucceeded(int listenerKey) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onStopDiscoverySucceeded(listenerKey);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onStopDiscoverySucceeded", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onRegisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onRegisterServiceFailed(listenerKey, error);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onRegisterServiceFailed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onRegisterServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onRegisterServiceSucceeded(listenerKey, info);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onRegisterServiceSucceeded", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onUnregisterServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onUnregisterServiceFailed(listenerKey, error);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onUnregisterServiceFailed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onUnregisterServiceSucceeded(listenerKey);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onUnregisterServiceSucceeded", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onResolveServiceFailed(int listenerKey, int error) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onResolveServiceFailed(listenerKey, error);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onResolveServiceFailed", e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void onResolveServiceSucceeded(int listenerKey, NsdServiceInfo info) {
+            try {
+                mCb.onResolveServiceSucceeded(listenerKey, info);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Error calling onResolveServiceSucceeded", e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25c88eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.java
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+
+/**
+ * Monitor interface added (without removed) and right interface name and its index to bpf map.
+ */
+public class BpfInterfaceMapUpdater {
+    private static final String TAG = BpfInterfaceMapUpdater.class.getSimpleName();
+    // This is current path but may be changed soon.
+    private static final String IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_iface_index_name_map";
+    private final IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> mBpfMap;
+    private final INetd mNetd;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler) {
+        this(ctx, handler, new Dependencies());
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(Context ctx, Handler handler, Dependencies deps) {
+        mDeps = deps;
+        mBpfMap = deps.getInterfaceMap();
+        mNetd = deps.getINetd(ctx);
+        mHandler = handler;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of BpfInerfaceMapUpdater, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /** Create BpfMap for updating interface and index mapping. */
+        public IBpfMap<U32, InterfaceMapValue> getInterfaceMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<>(IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                    U32.class, InterfaceMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create interface map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Get InterfaceParams for giving interface name. */
+        public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifaceName) {
+            return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifaceName);
+        }
+
+        /** Get INetd binder object. */
+        public INetd getINetd(Context ctx) {
+            return INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) ctx.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start listening interface update event.
+     * Query current interface names before listening.
+     */
+    public void start() {
+        mHandler.post(() -> {
+            if (mBpfMap == null) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to start: Null bpf map");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            try {
+                // TODO: use a NetlinkMonitor and listen for RTM_NEWLINK messages instead.
+                mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(new InterfaceChangeObserver());
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to register netd UnsolicitedEventListener, " + e);
+            }
+
+            final String[] ifaces;
+            try {
+                // TODO: use a netlink dump to get the current interface list.
+                ifaces = mNetd.interfaceGetList();
+            } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Unable to query interface names by netd, " + e);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (String ifaceName : ifaces) {
+                addInterface(ifaceName);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void addInterface(String ifaceName) {
+        final InterfaceParams iface = mDeps.getInterfaceParams(ifaceName);
+        if (iface == null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to get InterfaceParams for " + ifaceName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mBpfMap.updateEntry(new U32(iface.index), new InterfaceMapValue(ifaceName));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to update entry for " + ifaceName + ", " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class InterfaceChangeObserver extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onInterfaceAdded(String ifName) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> addInterface(ifName));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..443e5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Key for cookie tag map.
+ */
+public class CookieTagMapKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.S64)
+    public final long socketCookie;
+
+    public CookieTagMapKey(final long socketCookie) {
+        this.socketCookie = socketCookie;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapValue.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93b9195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/CookieTagMapValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Value for cookie tag map.
+ */
+public class CookieTagMapValue extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long uid;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long tag;
+
+    public CookieTagMapValue(final long uid, final long tag) {
+        this.uid = uid;
+        this.tag = tag;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35dc455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/DelayedDiskWrite.java
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * This class provides APIs to do a delayed data write to a given {@link OutputStream}.
+ */
+public class DelayedDiskWrite {
+    private static final String TAG = "DelayedDiskWrite";
+
+    private HandlerThread mDiskWriteHandlerThread;
+    private Handler mDiskWriteHandler;
+    /* Tracks multiple writes on the same thread */
+    private int mWriteSequence = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Used to do a delayed data write to a given {@link OutputStream}.
+     */
+    public interface Writer {
+        /**
+         * write data to a given {@link OutputStream}.
+         */
+        void onWriteCalled(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do a delayed data write to a given output stream opened from filePath.
+     */
+    public void write(final String filePath, final Writer w) {
+        write(filePath, w, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do a delayed data write to a given output stream opened from filePath.
+     */
+    public void write(final String filePath, final Writer w, final boolean open) {
+        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(filePath)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("empty file path");
+        }
+
+        /* Do a delayed write to disk on a separate handler thread */
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (++mWriteSequence == 1) {
+                mDiskWriteHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("DelayedDiskWriteThread");
+                mDiskWriteHandlerThread.start();
+                mDiskWriteHandler = new Handler(mDiskWriteHandlerThread.getLooper());
+            }
+        }
+
+        mDiskWriteHandler.post(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                doWrite(filePath, w, open);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void doWrite(String filePath, Writer w, boolean open) {
+        DataOutputStream out = null;
+        try {
+            if (open) {
+                out = new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(
+                        new FileOutputStream(filePath)));
+            }
+            w.onWriteCalled(out);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            loge("Error writing data file " + filePath);
+        } finally {
+            if (out != null) {
+                try {
+                    out.close();
+                } catch (Exception e) { }
+            }
+
+            // Quit if no more writes sent
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (--mWriteSequence == 0) {
+                    mDiskWriteHandler.getLooper().quit();
+                    mDiskWriteHandler = null;
+                    mDiskWriteHandlerThread = null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void loge(String s) {
+        Log.e(TAG, s);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42c0044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/InterfaceMapValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * The value of bpf interface index map which is used for NetworkStatsService.
+ */
+public class InterfaceMapValue extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.ByteArray, arraysize = 16)
+    public final byte[] interfaceName;
+
+    public InterfaceMapValue(String iface) {
+        final byte[] ifaceArray = iface.getBytes();
+        interfaceName = new byte[16];
+        // All array bytes after the interface name, if any, must be 0.
+        System.arraycopy(ifaceArray, 0, interfaceName, 0, ifaceArray.length);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStore.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStore.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a9a544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStore.java
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.StaticIpConfiguration;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ProxyUtils;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * This class provides an API to store and manage L3 network IP configuration.
+ */
+public class IpConfigStore {
+    private static final String TAG = "IpConfigStore";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
+    protected final DelayedDiskWrite mWriter;
+
+    /* IP and proxy configuration keys */
+    protected static final String ID_KEY = "id";
+    protected static final String IP_ASSIGNMENT_KEY = "ipAssignment";
+    protected static final String LINK_ADDRESS_KEY = "linkAddress";
+    protected static final String GATEWAY_KEY = "gateway";
+    protected static final String DNS_KEY = "dns";
+    protected static final String PROXY_SETTINGS_KEY = "proxySettings";
+    protected static final String PROXY_HOST_KEY = "proxyHost";
+    protected static final String PROXY_PORT_KEY = "proxyPort";
+    protected static final String PROXY_PAC_FILE = "proxyPac";
+    protected static final String EXCLUSION_LIST_KEY = "exclusionList";
+    protected static final String EOS = "eos";
+
+    protected static final int IPCONFIG_FILE_VERSION = 3;
+
+    public IpConfigStore(DelayedDiskWrite writer) {
+        mWriter = writer;
+    }
+
+    public IpConfigStore() {
+        this(new DelayedDiskWrite());
+    }
+
+    private static boolean writeConfig(DataOutputStream out, String configKey,
+            IpConfiguration config) throws IOException {
+        return writeConfig(out, configKey, config, IPCONFIG_FILE_VERSION);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Write the IP configuration with the given parameters to {@link DataOutputStream}.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static boolean writeConfig(DataOutputStream out, String configKey,
+                                IpConfiguration config, int version) throws IOException {
+        boolean written = false;
+
+        try {
+            switch (config.getIpAssignment()) {
+                case STATIC:
+                    out.writeUTF(IP_ASSIGNMENT_KEY);
+                    out.writeUTF(config.getIpAssignment().toString());
+                    StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration = config.getStaticIpConfiguration();
+                    if (staticIpConfiguration != null) {
+                        if (staticIpConfiguration.getIpAddress() != null) {
+                            LinkAddress ipAddress = staticIpConfiguration.getIpAddress();
+                            out.writeUTF(LINK_ADDRESS_KEY);
+                            out.writeUTF(ipAddress.getAddress().getHostAddress());
+                            out.writeInt(ipAddress.getPrefixLength());
+                        }
+                        if (staticIpConfiguration.getGateway() != null) {
+                            out.writeUTF(GATEWAY_KEY);
+                            out.writeInt(0);  // Default route.
+                            out.writeInt(1);  // Have a gateway.
+                            out.writeUTF(staticIpConfiguration.getGateway().getHostAddress());
+                        }
+                        for (InetAddress inetAddr : staticIpConfiguration.getDnsServers()) {
+                            out.writeUTF(DNS_KEY);
+                            out.writeUTF(inetAddr.getHostAddress());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    written = true;
+                    break;
+                case DHCP:
+                    out.writeUTF(IP_ASSIGNMENT_KEY);
+                    out.writeUTF(config.getIpAssignment().toString());
+                    written = true;
+                    break;
+                case UNASSIGNED:
+                /* Ignore */
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    loge("Ignore invalid ip assignment while writing");
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            switch (config.getProxySettings()) {
+                case STATIC:
+                    ProxyInfo proxyProperties = config.getHttpProxy();
+                    String exclusionList = ProxyUtils.exclusionListAsString(
+                            proxyProperties.getExclusionList());
+                    out.writeUTF(PROXY_SETTINGS_KEY);
+                    out.writeUTF(config.getProxySettings().toString());
+                    out.writeUTF(PROXY_HOST_KEY);
+                    out.writeUTF(proxyProperties.getHost());
+                    out.writeUTF(PROXY_PORT_KEY);
+                    out.writeInt(proxyProperties.getPort());
+                    if (exclusionList != null) {
+                        out.writeUTF(EXCLUSION_LIST_KEY);
+                        out.writeUTF(exclusionList);
+                    }
+                    written = true;
+                    break;
+                case PAC:
+                    ProxyInfo proxyPacProperties = config.getHttpProxy();
+                    out.writeUTF(PROXY_SETTINGS_KEY);
+                    out.writeUTF(config.getProxySettings().toString());
+                    out.writeUTF(PROXY_PAC_FILE);
+                    out.writeUTF(proxyPacProperties.getPacFileUrl().toString());
+                    written = true;
+                    break;
+                case NONE:
+                    out.writeUTF(PROXY_SETTINGS_KEY);
+                    out.writeUTF(config.getProxySettings().toString());
+                    written = true;
+                    break;
+                case UNASSIGNED:
+                    /* Ignore */
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    loge("Ignore invalid proxy settings while writing");
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            if (written) {
+                out.writeUTF(ID_KEY);
+                if (version < 3) {
+                    out.writeInt(Integer.valueOf(configKey));
+                } else {
+                    out.writeUTF(configKey);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            loge("Failure in writing " + config + e);
+        }
+        out.writeUTF(EOS);
+
+        return written;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @deprecated use {@link #writeIpConfigurations(String, ArrayMap)} instead.
+     * New method uses string as network identifier which could be interface name or MAC address or
+     * other token.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
+    public void writeIpAndProxyConfigurationsToFile(String filePath,
+                                              final SparseArray<IpConfiguration> networks) {
+        mWriter.write(filePath, out -> {
+            out.writeInt(IPCONFIG_FILE_VERSION);
+            for (int i = 0; i < networks.size(); i++) {
+                writeConfig(out, String.valueOf(networks.keyAt(i)), networks.valueAt(i));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  Write the IP configuration associated to the target networks to the destination path.
+     */
+    public void writeIpConfigurations(String filePath,
+                                      ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> networks) {
+        mWriter.write(filePath, out -> {
+            out.writeInt(IPCONFIG_FILE_VERSION);
+            for (int i = 0; i < networks.size(); i++) {
+                writeConfig(out, networks.keyAt(i), networks.valueAt(i));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Read the IP configuration from the destination path to {@link BufferedInputStream}.
+     */
+    public static ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> readIpConfigurations(String filePath) {
+        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream;
+        try {
+            bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath));
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // Return an empty array here because callers expect an empty array when the file is
+            // not present.
+            loge("Error opening configuration file: " + e);
+            return new ArrayMap<>(0);
+        }
+        return readIpConfigurations(bufferedInputStream);
+    }
+
+    /** @deprecated use {@link #readIpConfigurations(String)} */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static SparseArray<IpConfiguration> readIpAndProxyConfigurations(String filePath) {
+        BufferedInputStream bufferedInputStream;
+        try {
+            bufferedInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath));
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            // Return an empty array here because callers expect an empty array when the file is
+            // not present.
+            loge("Error opening configuration file: " + e);
+            return new SparseArray<>();
+        }
+        return readIpAndProxyConfigurations(bufferedInputStream);
+    }
+
+    /** @deprecated use {@link #readIpConfigurations(InputStream)} */
+    @Deprecated
+    public static SparseArray<IpConfiguration> readIpAndProxyConfigurations(
+            InputStream inputStream) {
+        ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> networks = readIpConfigurations(inputStream);
+        if (networks == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        SparseArray<IpConfiguration> networksById = new SparseArray<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < networks.size(); i++) {
+            int id = Integer.valueOf(networks.keyAt(i));
+            networksById.put(id, networks.valueAt(i));
+        }
+
+        return networksById;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns a map of network identity token and {@link IpConfiguration}. */
+    public static ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> readIpConfigurations(
+            InputStream inputStream) {
+        ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> networks = new ArrayMap<>();
+        DataInputStream in = null;
+        try {
+            in = new DataInputStream(inputStream);
+
+            int version = in.readInt();
+            if (version != 3 && version != 2 && version != 1) {
+                loge("Bad version on IP configuration file, ignore read");
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            while (true) {
+                String uniqueToken = null;
+                // Default is DHCP with no proxy
+                IpAssignment ipAssignment = IpAssignment.DHCP;
+                ProxySettings proxySettings = ProxySettings.NONE;
+                StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration = new StaticIpConfiguration();
+                LinkAddress linkAddress = null;
+                InetAddress gatewayAddress = null;
+                String proxyHost = null;
+                String pacFileUrl = null;
+                int proxyPort = -1;
+                String exclusionList = null;
+                String key;
+                final List<InetAddress> dnsServers = new ArrayList<>();
+
+                do {
+                    key = in.readUTF();
+                    try {
+                        if (key.equals(ID_KEY)) {
+                            if (version < 3) {
+                                int id = in.readInt();
+                                uniqueToken = String.valueOf(id);
+                            } else {
+                                uniqueToken = in.readUTF();
+                            }
+                        } else if (key.equals(IP_ASSIGNMENT_KEY)) {
+                            ipAssignment = IpAssignment.valueOf(in.readUTF());
+                        } else if (key.equals(LINK_ADDRESS_KEY)) {
+                            LinkAddress parsedLinkAddress =
+                                    new LinkAddress(
+                                            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readUTF()),
+                                            in.readInt());
+                            if (parsedLinkAddress.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address
+                                    && linkAddress == null) {
+                                linkAddress = parsedLinkAddress;
+                            } else {
+                                loge("Non-IPv4 or duplicate address: " + parsedLinkAddress);
+                            }
+                        } else if (key.equals(GATEWAY_KEY)) {
+                            LinkAddress dest = null;
+                            InetAddress gateway = null;
+                            if (version == 1) {
+                                // only supported default gateways - leave the dest/prefix empty
+                                gateway = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readUTF());
+                                if (gatewayAddress == null) {
+                                    gatewayAddress = gateway;
+                                } else {
+                                    loge("Duplicate gateway: " + gateway.getHostAddress());
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                if (in.readInt() == 1) {
+                                    dest =
+                                            new LinkAddress(
+                                                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readUTF()),
+                                                    in.readInt());
+                                }
+                                if (in.readInt() == 1) {
+                                    gateway = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readUTF());
+                                }
+                                // If the destination is a default IPv4 route, use the gateway
+                                // address unless already set. If there is no destination, assume
+                                // it is default route and use the gateway address in all cases.
+                                if (dest == null) {
+                                    gatewayAddress = gateway;
+                                } else if (dest.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address
+                                        && dest.getPrefixLength() == 0 && gatewayAddress == null) {
+                                    gatewayAddress = gateway;
+                                } else {
+                                    loge("Non-IPv4 default or duplicate route: "
+                                            + dest.getAddress());
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else if (key.equals(DNS_KEY)) {
+                            dnsServers.add(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(in.readUTF()));
+                        } else if (key.equals(PROXY_SETTINGS_KEY)) {
+                            proxySettings = ProxySettings.valueOf(in.readUTF());
+                        } else if (key.equals(PROXY_HOST_KEY)) {
+                            proxyHost = in.readUTF();
+                        } else if (key.equals(PROXY_PORT_KEY)) {
+                            proxyPort = in.readInt();
+                        } else if (key.equals(PROXY_PAC_FILE)) {
+                            pacFileUrl = in.readUTF();
+                        } else if (key.equals(EXCLUSION_LIST_KEY)) {
+                            exclusionList = in.readUTF();
+                        } else if (key.equals(EOS)) {
+                            break;
+                        } else {
+                            loge("Ignore unknown key " + key + "while reading");
+                        }
+                    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                        loge("Ignore invalid address while reading" + e);
+                    }
+                } while (true);
+
+                staticIpConfiguration = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder()
+                    .setIpAddress(linkAddress)
+                    .setGateway(gatewayAddress)
+                    .setDnsServers(dnsServers)
+                    .build();
+
+                if (uniqueToken != null) {
+                    IpConfiguration config = new IpConfiguration();
+                    networks.put(uniqueToken, config);
+
+                    switch (ipAssignment) {
+                        case STATIC:
+                            config.setStaticIpConfiguration(staticIpConfiguration);
+                            config.setIpAssignment(ipAssignment);
+                            break;
+                        case DHCP:
+                            config.setIpAssignment(ipAssignment);
+                            break;
+                        case UNASSIGNED:
+                            loge("BUG: Found UNASSIGNED IP on file, use DHCP");
+                            config.setIpAssignment(IpAssignment.DHCP);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            loge("Ignore invalid ip assignment while reading.");
+                            config.setIpAssignment(IpAssignment.UNASSIGNED);
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    switch (proxySettings) {
+                        case STATIC:
+                            ProxyInfo proxyInfo = ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy(proxyHost, proxyPort,
+                                    ProxyUtils.exclusionStringAsList(exclusionList));
+                            config.setProxySettings(proxySettings);
+                            config.setHttpProxy(proxyInfo);
+                            break;
+                        case PAC:
+                            ProxyInfo proxyPacProperties =
+                                    ProxyInfo.buildPacProxy(Uri.parse(pacFileUrl));
+                            config.setProxySettings(proxySettings);
+                            config.setHttpProxy(proxyPacProperties);
+                            break;
+                        case NONE:
+                            config.setProxySettings(proxySettings);
+                            break;
+                        case UNASSIGNED:
+                            loge("BUG: Found UNASSIGNED proxy on file, use NONE");
+                            config.setProxySettings(ProxySettings.NONE);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            loge("Ignore invalid proxy settings while reading");
+                            config.setProxySettings(ProxySettings.UNASSIGNED);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (DBG) log("Missing id while parsing configuration");
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (EOFException ignore) {
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            loge("Error parsing configuration: " + e);
+        } finally {
+            if (in != null) {
+                try {
+                    in.close();
+                } catch (Exception e) { }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return networks;
+    }
+
+    protected static void loge(String s) {
+        Log.e(TAG, s);
+    }
+
+    protected static void log(String s) {
+        Log.d(TAG, s);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b93f1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.INTERFACES_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.StrictMode;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.ProcFileReader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.server.BpfNetMaps;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.ProtocolException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Creates {@link NetworkStats} instances by parsing various {@code /proc/}
+ * files as needed.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class NetworkStatsFactory {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+    }
+
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsFactory";
+
+    private static final boolean USE_NATIVE_PARSING = true;
+    private static final boolean VALIDATE_NATIVE_STATS = false;
+
+    /** Path to {@code /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_all}. */
+    private final File mStatsXtIfaceAll;
+    /** Path to {@code /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_fmt}. */
+    private final File mStatsXtIfaceFmt;
+    /** Path to {@code /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/stats}. */
+    private final File mStatsXtUid;
+
+    private final boolean mUseBpfStats;
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+
+    private final BpfNetMaps mBpfNetMaps;
+
+    /**
+     * Guards persistent data access in this class
+     *
+     * <p>In order to prevent deadlocks, critical sections protected by this lock SHALL NOT call out
+     * to other code that will acquire other locks within the system server. See b/134244752.
+     */
+    private final Object mPersistentDataLock = new Object();
+
+    /** Set containing info about active VPNs and their underlying networks. */
+    private volatile UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] mUnderlyingNetworkInfos = new UnderlyingNetworkInfo[0];
+
+    // A persistent snapshot of cumulative stats since device start
+    @GuardedBy("mPersistentDataLock")
+    private NetworkStats mPersistSnapshot;
+
+    // The persistent snapshot of tun and 464xlat adjusted stats since device start
+    @GuardedBy("mPersistentDataLock")
+    private NetworkStats mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats;
+
+    /**
+     * (Stacked interface) -> (base interface) association for all connected ifaces since boot.
+     *
+     * Because counters must never roll backwards, once a given interface is stacked on top of an
+     * underlying interface, the stacked interface can never be stacked on top of
+     * another interface. */
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> mStackedIfaces
+            = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+
+    /** Informs the factory of a new stacked interface. */
+    public void noteStackedIface(String stackedIface, String baseIface) {
+        if (stackedIface != null && baseIface != null) {
+            mStackedIfaces.put(stackedIface, baseIface);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set active VPN information for data usage migration purposes
+     *
+     * <p>Traffic on TUN-based VPNs inherently all appear to be originated from the VPN providing
+     * app's UID. This method is used to support migration of VPN data usage, ensuring data is
+     * accurately billed to the real owner of the traffic.
+     *
+     * @param vpnArray The snapshot of the currently-running VPNs.
+     */
+    public void updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] vpnArray) {
+        mUnderlyingNetworkInfos = vpnArray.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a set of interfaces containing specified ifaces and stacked interfaces.
+     *
+     * <p>The added stacked interfaces are ifaces stacked on top of the specified ones, or ifaces
+     * on which the specified ones are stacked. Stacked interfaces are those noted with
+     * {@link #noteStackedIface(String, String)}, but only interfaces noted before this method
+     * is called are guaranteed to be included.
+     */
+    public String[] augmentWithStackedInterfaces(@Nullable String[] requiredIfaces) {
+        if (requiredIfaces == NetworkStats.INTERFACES_ALL) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        HashSet<String> relatedIfaces = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(requiredIfaces));
+        // ConcurrentHashMap's EntrySet iterators are "guaranteed to traverse
+        // elements as they existed upon construction exactly once, and may
+        // (but are not guaranteed to) reflect any modifications subsequent to construction".
+        // This is enough here.
+        for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : mStackedIfaces.entrySet()) {
+            if (relatedIfaces.contains(entry.getKey())) {
+                relatedIfaces.add(entry.getValue());
+            } else if (relatedIfaces.contains(entry.getValue())) {
+                relatedIfaces.add(entry.getKey());
+            }
+        }
+
+        String[] outArray = new String[relatedIfaces.size()];
+        return relatedIfaces.toArray(outArray);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies 464xlat adjustments with ifaces noted with {@link #noteStackedIface(String, String)}.
+     * @see NetworkStats#apply464xlatAdjustments(NetworkStats, NetworkStats, Map)
+     */
+    public void apply464xlatAdjustments(NetworkStats baseTraffic, NetworkStats stackedTraffic) {
+        NetworkStats.apply464xlatAdjustments(baseTraffic, stackedTraffic, mStackedIfaces);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx) {
+        this(ctx, new File("/proc/"), true);
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public NetworkStatsFactory(@NonNull Context ctx, File procRoot, boolean useBpfStats) {
+        mStatsXtIfaceAll = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_all");
+        mStatsXtIfaceFmt = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/iface_stat_fmt");
+        mStatsXtUid = new File(procRoot, "net/xt_qtaguid/stats");
+        mUseBpfStats = useBpfStats;
+        mBpfNetMaps = new BpfNetMaps();
+        synchronized (mPersistentDataLock) {
+            mPersistSnapshot = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), -1);
+            mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), -1);
+        }
+        mContext = ctx;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStats readBpfNetworkStatsDev() throws IOException {
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 6);
+        if (nativeReadNetworkStatsDev(stats) != 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to parse bpf iface stats");
+        }
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse and return interface-level summary {@link NetworkStats} measured
+     * using {@code /proc/net/dev} style hooks, which may include non IP layer
+     * traffic. Values monotonically increase since device boot, and may include
+     * details about inactive interfaces.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException when problem parsing stats.
+     */
+    public NetworkStats readNetworkStatsSummaryDev() throws IOException {
+
+        // Return xt_bpf stats if switched to bpf module.
+        if (mUseBpfStats)
+            return readBpfNetworkStatsDev();
+
+        final StrictMode.ThreadPolicy savedPolicy = StrictMode.allowThreadDiskReads();
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 6);
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+
+        ProcFileReader reader = null;
+        try {
+            reader = new ProcFileReader(new FileInputStream(mStatsXtIfaceAll));
+
+            while (reader.hasMoreData()) {
+                entry.iface = reader.nextString();
+                entry.uid = UID_ALL;
+                entry.set = SET_ALL;
+                entry.tag = TAG_NONE;
+
+                final boolean active = reader.nextInt() != 0;
+
+                // always include snapshot values
+                entry.rxBytes = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.rxPackets = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.txBytes = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.txPackets = reader.nextLong();
+
+                // fold in active numbers, but only when active
+                if (active) {
+                    entry.rxBytes += reader.nextLong();
+                    entry.rxPackets += reader.nextLong();
+                    entry.txBytes += reader.nextLong();
+                    entry.txPackets += reader.nextLong();
+                }
+
+                stats.insertEntry(entry);
+                reader.finishLine();
+            }
+        } catch (NullPointerException|NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw protocolExceptionWithCause("problem parsing stats", e);
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
+            StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(savedPolicy);
+        }
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse and return interface-level summary {@link NetworkStats}. Designed
+     * to return only IP layer traffic. Values monotonically increase since
+     * device boot, and may include details about inactive interfaces.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalStateException when problem parsing stats.
+     */
+    public NetworkStats readNetworkStatsSummaryXt() throws IOException {
+
+        // Return xt_bpf stats if qtaguid  module is replaced.
+        if (mUseBpfStats)
+            return readBpfNetworkStatsDev();
+
+        final StrictMode.ThreadPolicy savedPolicy = StrictMode.allowThreadDiskReads();
+
+        // return null when kernel doesn't support
+        if (!mStatsXtIfaceFmt.exists()) return null;
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 6);
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+
+        ProcFileReader reader = null;
+        try {
+            // open and consume header line
+            reader = new ProcFileReader(new FileInputStream(mStatsXtIfaceFmt));
+            reader.finishLine();
+
+            while (reader.hasMoreData()) {
+                entry.iface = reader.nextString();
+                entry.uid = UID_ALL;
+                entry.set = SET_ALL;
+                entry.tag = TAG_NONE;
+
+                entry.rxBytes = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.rxPackets = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.txBytes = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.txPackets = reader.nextLong();
+
+                stats.insertEntry(entry);
+                reader.finishLine();
+            }
+        } catch (NullPointerException|NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw protocolExceptionWithCause("problem parsing stats", e);
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
+            StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(savedPolicy);
+        }
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStats readNetworkStatsDetail() throws IOException {
+        return readNetworkStatsDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mPersistentDataLock")
+    private void requestSwapActiveStatsMapLocked() throws IOException {
+        try {
+            // Do a active map stats swap. Once the swap completes, this code
+            // can read and clean the inactive map without races.
+            mBpfNetMaps.swapActiveStatsMap();
+        } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            throw new IOException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads the detailed UID stats based on the provided parameters
+     *
+     * @param limitUid the UID to limit this query to
+     * @param limitIfaces the interfaces to limit this query to. Use {@link
+     *     NetworkStats.INTERFACES_ALL} to select all interfaces
+     * @param limitTag the tags to limit this query to
+     * @return the NetworkStats instance containing network statistics at the present time.
+     */
+    public NetworkStats readNetworkStatsDetail(
+            int limitUid, String[] limitIfaces, int limitTag) throws IOException {
+        // In order to prevent deadlocks, anything protected by this lock MUST NOT call out to other
+        // code that will acquire other locks within the system server. See b/134244752.
+        synchronized (mPersistentDataLock) {
+            // Take a reference. If this gets swapped out, we still have the old reference.
+            final UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] vpnArray = mUnderlyingNetworkInfos;
+            // Take a defensive copy. mPersistSnapshot is mutated in some cases below
+            final NetworkStats prev = mPersistSnapshot.clone();
+
+            if (USE_NATIVE_PARSING) {
+                final NetworkStats stats =
+                        new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 0 /* initialSize */);
+                if (mUseBpfStats) {
+                    requestSwapActiveStatsMapLocked();
+                    // Stats are always read from the inactive map, so they must be read after the
+                    // swap
+                    if (nativeReadNetworkStatsDetail(stats, mStatsXtUid.getAbsolutePath(), UID_ALL,
+                            INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL, mUseBpfStats) != 0) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to parse network stats");
+                    }
+
+                    // BPF stats are incremental; fold into mPersistSnapshot.
+                    mPersistSnapshot.setElapsedRealtime(stats.getElapsedRealtime());
+                    mPersistSnapshot.combineAllValues(stats);
+                } else {
+                    if (nativeReadNetworkStatsDetail(stats, mStatsXtUid.getAbsolutePath(), UID_ALL,
+                            INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL, mUseBpfStats) != 0) {
+                        throw new IOException("Failed to parse network stats");
+                    }
+                    if (VALIDATE_NATIVE_STATS) {
+                        final NetworkStats javaStats = javaReadNetworkStatsDetail(mStatsXtUid,
+                                UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+                        assertEquals(javaStats, stats);
+                    }
+
+                    mPersistSnapshot = stats;
+                }
+            } else {
+                mPersistSnapshot = javaReadNetworkStatsDetail(mStatsXtUid, UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL,
+                        TAG_ALL);
+            }
+
+            NetworkStats adjustedStats = adjustForTunAnd464Xlat(mPersistSnapshot, prev, vpnArray);
+
+            // Filter return values
+            adjustedStats.filter(limitUid, limitIfaces, limitTag);
+            return adjustedStats;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mPersistentDataLock")
+    private NetworkStats adjustForTunAnd464Xlat(NetworkStats uidDetailStats,
+            NetworkStats previousStats, UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] vpnArray) {
+        // Calculate delta from last snapshot
+        final NetworkStats delta = uidDetailStats.subtract(previousStats);
+
+        // Apply 464xlat adjustments before VPN adjustments. If VPNs are using v4 on a v6 only
+        // network, the overhead is their fault.
+        // No locking here: apply464xlatAdjustments behaves fine with an add-only
+        // ConcurrentHashMap.
+        delta.apply464xlatAdjustments(mStackedIfaces);
+
+        // Migrate data usage over a VPN to the TUN network.
+        for (UnderlyingNetworkInfo info : vpnArray) {
+            delta.migrateTun(info.getOwnerUid(), info.getInterface(),
+                    info.getUnderlyingInterfaces());
+            // Filter out debug entries as that may lead to over counting.
+            delta.filterDebugEntries();
+        }
+
+        // Update mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats with migrated delta.
+        mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats.combineAllValues(delta);
+        mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats.setElapsedRealtime(uidDetailStats.getElapsedRealtime());
+
+        return mTunAnd464xlatAdjustedStats.clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse and return {@link NetworkStats} with UID-level details. Values are
+     * expected to monotonically increase since device boot.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static NetworkStats javaReadNetworkStatsDetail(File detailPath, int limitUid,
+            String[] limitIfaces, int limitTag)
+            throws IOException {
+        final StrictMode.ThreadPolicy savedPolicy = StrictMode.allowThreadDiskReads();
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 24);
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = new NetworkStats.Entry();
+
+        int idx = 1;
+        int lastIdx = 1;
+
+        ProcFileReader reader = null;
+        try {
+            // open and consume header line
+            reader = new ProcFileReader(new FileInputStream(detailPath));
+            reader.finishLine();
+
+            while (reader.hasMoreData()) {
+                idx = reader.nextInt();
+                if (idx != lastIdx + 1) {
+                    throw new ProtocolException(
+                            "inconsistent idx=" + idx + " after lastIdx=" + lastIdx);
+                }
+                lastIdx = idx;
+
+                entry.iface = reader.nextString();
+                entry.tag = kernelToTag(reader.nextString());
+                entry.uid = reader.nextInt();
+                entry.set = reader.nextInt();
+                entry.rxBytes = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.rxPackets = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.txBytes = reader.nextLong();
+                entry.txPackets = reader.nextLong();
+
+                if ((limitIfaces == null || CollectionUtils.contains(limitIfaces, entry.iface))
+                        && (limitUid == UID_ALL || limitUid == entry.uid)
+                        && (limitTag == TAG_ALL || limitTag == entry.tag)) {
+                    stats.insertEntry(entry);
+                }
+
+                reader.finishLine();
+            }
+        } catch (NullPointerException|NumberFormatException e) {
+            throw protocolExceptionWithCause("problem parsing idx " + idx, e);
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(reader);
+            StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(savedPolicy);
+        }
+
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    public void assertEquals(NetworkStats expected, NetworkStats actual) {
+        if (expected.size() != actual.size()) {
+            throw new AssertionError(
+                    "Expected size " + expected.size() + ", actual size " + actual.size());
+        }
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry expectedRow = null;
+        NetworkStats.Entry actualRow = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < expected.size(); i++) {
+            expectedRow = expected.getValues(i, expectedRow);
+            actualRow = actual.getValues(i, actualRow);
+            if (!expectedRow.equals(actualRow)) {
+                throw new AssertionError(
+                        "Expected row " + i + ": " + expectedRow + ", actual row " + actualRow);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert {@code /proc/} tag format to {@link Integer}. Assumes incoming
+     * format like {@code 0x7fffffff00000000}.
+     */
+    public static int kernelToTag(String string) {
+        int length = string.length();
+        if (length > 10) {
+            return Long.decode(string.substring(0, length - 8)).intValue();
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse statistics from file into given {@link NetworkStats} object. Values
+     * are expected to monotonically increase since device boot.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static native int nativeReadNetworkStatsDetail(NetworkStats stats, String path,
+        int limitUid, String[] limitIfaces, int limitTag, boolean useBpfStats);
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static native int nativeReadNetworkStatsDev(NetworkStats stats);
+
+    private static ProtocolException protocolExceptionWithCause(String message, Throwable cause) {
+        ProtocolException pe = new ProtocolException(message);
+        pe.initCause(cause);
+        return pe;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdfc893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObservers.java
@@ -0,0 +1,451 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.MIN_THRESHOLD_BYTES;
+
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet;
+import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsAccess;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
+
+/**
+ * Manages observers of {@link NetworkStats}. Allows observers to be notified when
+ * data usage has been reported in {@link NetworkStatsService}. An observer can set
+ * a threshold of how much data it cares about to be notified.
+ */
+class NetworkStatsObservers {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsObservers";
+    private static final boolean LOGV = false;
+
+    private static final int MSG_REGISTER = 1;
+    private static final int MSG_UNREGISTER = 2;
+    private static final int MSG_UPDATE_STATS = 3;
+
+    // All access to this map must be done from the handler thread.
+    // indexed by DataUsageRequest#requestId
+    private final SparseArray<RequestInfo> mDataUsageRequests = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    // Sequence number of DataUsageRequests
+    private final AtomicInteger mNextDataUsageRequestId = new AtomicInteger();
+
+    // Lazily instantiated when an observer is registered.
+    private volatile Handler mHandler;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a wrapper that contains the caller context and a normalized request.
+     * The request should be returned to the caller app, and the wrapper should be sent to this
+     * object through #addObserver by the service handler.
+     *
+     * <p>It will register the observer asynchronously, so it is safe to call from any thread.
+     *
+     * @return the normalized request wrapped within {@link RequestInfo}.
+     */
+    public DataUsageRequest register(Context context, DataUsageRequest inputRequest,
+            IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+        DataUsageRequest request = buildRequest(context, inputRequest, callingUid);
+        RequestInfo requestInfo = buildRequestInfo(request, callback, callingUid,
+                accessLevel);
+
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Registering observer for " + request);
+        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_REGISTER, requestInfo));
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister a data usage observer.
+     *
+     * <p>It will unregister the observer asynchronously, so it is safe to call from any thread.
+     */
+    public void unregister(DataUsageRequest request, int callingUid) {
+        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UNREGISTER, callingUid, 0 /* ignore */,
+                request));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Updates data usage statistics of registered observers and notifies if limits are reached.
+     *
+     * <p>It will update stats asynchronously, so it is safe to call from any thread.
+     */
+    public void updateStats(NetworkStats xtSnapshot, NetworkStats uidSnapshot,
+                ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> activeIfaces,
+                ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> activeUidIfaces,
+                long currentTime) {
+        StatsContext statsContext = new StatsContext(xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, activeIfaces,
+                activeUidIfaces, currentTime);
+        getHandler().sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_UPDATE_STATS, statsContext));
+    }
+
+    private Handler getHandler() {
+        if (mHandler == null) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                if (mHandler == null) {
+                    if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Creating handler");
+                    mHandler = new Handler(getHandlerLooperLocked(), mHandlerCallback);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return mHandler;
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected Looper getHandlerLooperLocked() {
+        HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        handlerThread.start();
+        return handlerThread.getLooper();
+    }
+
+    private Handler.Callback mHandlerCallback = new Handler.Callback() {
+        @Override
+        public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case MSG_REGISTER: {
+                    handleRegister((RequestInfo) msg.obj);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                case MSG_UNREGISTER: {
+                    handleUnregister((DataUsageRequest) msg.obj, msg.arg1 /* callingUid */);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                case MSG_UPDATE_STATS: {
+                    handleUpdateStats((StatsContext) msg.obj);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a {@link RequestInfo} as an observer.
+     * Should only be called from the handler thread otherwise there will be a race condition
+     * on mDataUsageRequests.
+     */
+    private void handleRegister(RequestInfo requestInfo) {
+        mDataUsageRequests.put(requestInfo.mRequest.requestId, requestInfo);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a {@link DataUsageRequest} if the calling uid is authorized.
+     * Should only be called from the handler thread otherwise there will be a race condition
+     * on mDataUsageRequests.
+     */
+    private void handleUnregister(DataUsageRequest request, int callingUid) {
+        RequestInfo requestInfo;
+        requestInfo = mDataUsageRequests.get(request.requestId);
+        if (requestInfo == null) {
+            if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Trying to unregister unknown request " + request);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (Process.SYSTEM_UID != callingUid && requestInfo.mCallingUid != callingUid) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Caller uid " + callingUid + " is not owner of " + request);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "Unregistering " + request);
+        mDataUsageRequests.remove(request.requestId);
+        requestInfo.unlinkDeathRecipient();
+        requestInfo.callCallback(NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_RELEASED);
+    }
+
+    private void handleUpdateStats(StatsContext statsContext) {
+        if (mDataUsageRequests.size() == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < mDataUsageRequests.size(); i++) {
+            RequestInfo requestInfo = mDataUsageRequests.valueAt(i);
+            requestInfo.updateStats(statsContext);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private DataUsageRequest buildRequest(Context context, DataUsageRequest request,
+                int callingUid) {
+        // For non-NETWORK_STACK permission uid, cap the minimum threshold to a safe default to
+        // avoid too many callbacks.
+        final long thresholdInBytes = (context.checkPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, Process.myPid(), callingUid)
+                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED ? request.thresholdInBytes
+                : Math.max(MIN_THRESHOLD_BYTES, request.thresholdInBytes));
+        if (thresholdInBytes > request.thresholdInBytes) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Threshold was too low for " + request
+                    + ". Overriding to a safer default of " + thresholdInBytes + " bytes");
+        }
+        return new DataUsageRequest(mNextDataUsageRequestId.incrementAndGet(),
+                request.template, thresholdInBytes);
+    }
+
+    private RequestInfo buildRequestInfo(DataUsageRequest request, IUsageCallback callback,
+            int callingUid, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+        if (accessLevel <= NetworkStatsAccess.Level.USER) {
+            return new UserUsageRequestInfo(this, request, callback, callingUid,
+                    accessLevel);
+        } else {
+            // Safety check in case a new access level is added and we forgot to update this
+            if (accessLevel < NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICESUMMARY) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "accessLevel " + accessLevel + " is less than DEVICESUMMARY.");
+            }
+            return new NetworkUsageRequestInfo(this, request, callback, callingUid,
+                    accessLevel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tracks information relevant to a data usage observer.
+     * It will notice when the calling process dies so we can self-expire.
+     */
+    private abstract static class RequestInfo implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        private final NetworkStatsObservers mStatsObserver;
+        protected final DataUsageRequest mRequest;
+        private final IUsageCallback mCallback;
+        protected final int mCallingUid;
+        protected final @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int mAccessLevel;
+        protected NetworkStatsRecorder mRecorder;
+        protected NetworkStatsCollection mCollection;
+
+        RequestInfo(NetworkStatsObservers statsObserver, DataUsageRequest request,
+                IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid,
+                    @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+            mStatsObserver = statsObserver;
+            mRequest = request;
+            mCallback = callback;
+            mCallingUid = callingUid;
+            mAccessLevel = accessLevel;
+
+            try {
+                mCallback.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                binderDied();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            if (LOGV) {
+                Log.v(TAG, "RequestInfo binderDied(" + mRequest + ", " + mCallback + ")");
+            }
+            mStatsObserver.unregister(mRequest, Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+            callCallback(NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_RELEASED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "RequestInfo from uid:" + mCallingUid
+                    + " for " + mRequest + " accessLevel:" + mAccessLevel;
+        }
+
+        private void unlinkDeathRecipient() {
+            mCallback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Update stats given the samples and interface to identity mappings.
+         */
+        private void updateStats(StatsContext statsContext) {
+            if (mRecorder == null) {
+                // First run; establish baseline stats
+                resetRecorder();
+                recordSample(statsContext);
+                return;
+            }
+            recordSample(statsContext);
+
+            if (checkStats()) {
+                resetRecorder();
+                callCallback(NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void callCallback(int callbackType) {
+            try {
+                if (LOGV) {
+                    Log.v(TAG, "sending notification " + callbackTypeToName(callbackType)
+                            + " for " + mRequest);
+                }
+                switch (callbackType) {
+                    case NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED:
+                        mCallback.onThresholdReached(mRequest);
+                        break;
+                    case NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_RELEASED:
+                        mCallback.onCallbackReleased(mRequest);
+                        break;
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                // May occur naturally in the race of binder death.
+                Log.w(TAG, "RemoteException caught trying to send a callback msg for " + mRequest);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void resetRecorder() {
+            mRecorder = new NetworkStatsRecorder();
+            mCollection = mRecorder.getSinceBoot();
+        }
+
+        protected abstract boolean checkStats();
+
+        protected abstract void recordSample(StatsContext statsContext);
+
+        private String callbackTypeToName(int callbackType) {
+            switch (callbackType) {
+                case NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_LIMIT_REACHED:
+                    return "LIMIT_REACHED";
+                case NetworkStatsManager.CALLBACK_RELEASED:
+                    return "RELEASED";
+                default:
+                    return "UNKNOWN";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class NetworkUsageRequestInfo extends RequestInfo {
+        NetworkUsageRequestInfo(NetworkStatsObservers statsObserver, DataUsageRequest request,
+                IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid,
+                    @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+            super(statsObserver, request, callback, callingUid, accessLevel);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected boolean checkStats() {
+            long bytesSoFar = getTotalBytesForNetwork(mRequest.template);
+            if (LOGV) {
+                Log.v(TAG, bytesSoFar + " bytes so far since notification for "
+                        + mRequest.template);
+            }
+            if (bytesSoFar > mRequest.thresholdInBytes) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void recordSample(StatsContext statsContext) {
+            // Recorder does not need to be locked in this context since only the handler
+            // thread will update it. We pass a null VPN array because usage is aggregated by uid
+            // for this snapshot, so VPN traffic can't be reattributed to responsible apps.
+            mRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(statsContext.mXtSnapshot, statsContext.mActiveIfaces,
+                    statsContext.mCurrentTime);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Reads stats matching the given template. {@link NetworkStatsCollection} will aggregate
+         * over all buckets, which in this case should be only one since we built it big enough
+         * that it will outlive the caller. If it doesn't, then there will be multiple buckets.
+         */
+        private long getTotalBytesForNetwork(NetworkTemplate template) {
+            NetworkStats stats = mCollection.getSummary(template,
+                    Long.MIN_VALUE /* start */, Long.MAX_VALUE /* end */,
+                    mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+            return stats.getTotalBytes();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class UserUsageRequestInfo extends RequestInfo {
+        UserUsageRequestInfo(NetworkStatsObservers statsObserver, DataUsageRequest request,
+                    IUsageCallback callback, int callingUid,
+                    @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel) {
+            super(statsObserver, request, callback, callingUid, accessLevel);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected boolean checkStats() {
+            int[] uidsToMonitor = mCollection.getRelevantUids(mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < uidsToMonitor.length; i++) {
+                long bytesSoFar = getTotalBytesForNetworkUid(mRequest.template, uidsToMonitor[i]);
+                if (bytesSoFar > mRequest.thresholdInBytes) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void recordSample(StatsContext statsContext) {
+            // Recorder does not need to be locked in this context since only the handler
+            // thread will update it. We pass the VPN info so VPN traffic is reattributed to
+            // responsible apps.
+            mRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(statsContext.mUidSnapshot, statsContext.mActiveUidIfaces,
+                    statsContext.mCurrentTime);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Reads all stats matching the given template and uid. Ther history will likely only
+         * contain one bucket per ident since we build it big enough that it will outlive the
+         * caller lifetime.
+         */
+        private long getTotalBytesForNetworkUid(NetworkTemplate template, int uid) {
+            try {
+                NetworkStatsHistory history = mCollection.getHistory(template, null, uid,
+                        NetworkStats.SET_ALL, NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
+                        NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL,
+                        Long.MIN_VALUE /* start */, Long.MAX_VALUE /* end */,
+                        mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                return history.getTotalBytes();
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                if (LOGV) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "CallerUid " + mCallingUid + " may have lost access to uid "
+                            + uid);
+                }
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class StatsContext {
+        NetworkStats mXtSnapshot;
+        NetworkStats mUidSnapshot;
+        ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveIfaces;
+        ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveUidIfaces;
+        long mCurrentTime;
+
+        StatsContext(NetworkStats xtSnapshot, NetworkStats uidSnapshot,
+                ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> activeIfaces,
+                ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> activeUidIfaces,
+                long currentTime) {
+            mXtSnapshot = xtSnapshot;
+            mUidSnapshot = uidSnapshot;
+            mActiveIfaces = activeIfaces;
+            mActiveUidIfaces = activeUidIfaces;
+            mCurrentTime = currentTime;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f62765d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsRecorder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.KB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.YEAR_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.NonMonotonicObserver;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsAccess;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.DropBoxManager;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsRecorderProto;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Logic to record deltas between periodic {@link NetworkStats} snapshots into
+ * {@link NetworkStatsHistory} that belong to {@link NetworkStatsCollection}.
+ * Keeps pending changes in memory until they pass a specific threshold, in
+ * bytes. Uses {@link FileRotator} for persistence logic if present.
+ * <p>
+ * Not inherently thread safe.
+ */
+public class NetworkStatsRecorder {
+    private static final String TAG = "NetworkStatsRecorder";
+    private static final boolean LOGD = false;
+    private static final boolean LOGV = false;
+
+    private static final String TAG_NETSTATS_DUMP = "netstats_dump";
+
+    /** Dump before deleting in {@link #recoverFromWtf()}. */
+    private static final boolean DUMP_BEFORE_DELETE = true;
+
+    private final FileRotator mRotator;
+    private final NonMonotonicObserver<String> mObserver;
+    private final DropBoxManager mDropBox;
+    private final String mCookie;
+
+    private final long mBucketDuration;
+    private final boolean mOnlyTags;
+
+    private long mPersistThresholdBytes = 2 * MB_IN_BYTES;
+    private NetworkStats mLastSnapshot;
+
+    private final NetworkStatsCollection mPending;
+    private final NetworkStatsCollection mSinceBoot;
+
+    private final CombiningRewriter mPendingRewriter;
+
+    private WeakReference<NetworkStatsCollection> mComplete;
+
+    /**
+     * Non-persisted recorder, with only one bucket. Used by {@link NetworkStatsObservers}.
+     */
+    public NetworkStatsRecorder() {
+        mRotator = null;
+        mObserver = null;
+        mDropBox = null;
+        mCookie = null;
+
+        // set the bucket big enough to have all data in one bucket, but allow some
+        // slack to avoid overflow
+        mBucketDuration = YEAR_IN_MILLIS;
+        mOnlyTags = false;
+
+        mPending = null;
+        mSinceBoot = new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration);
+
+        mPendingRewriter = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Persisted recorder.
+     */
+    public NetworkStatsRecorder(FileRotator rotator, NonMonotonicObserver<String> observer,
+            DropBoxManager dropBox, String cookie, long bucketDuration, boolean onlyTags) {
+        mRotator = Objects.requireNonNull(rotator, "missing FileRotator");
+        mObserver = Objects.requireNonNull(observer, "missing NonMonotonicObserver");
+        mDropBox = Objects.requireNonNull(dropBox, "missing DropBoxManager");
+        mCookie = cookie;
+
+        mBucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+        mOnlyTags = onlyTags;
+
+        mPending = new NetworkStatsCollection(bucketDuration);
+        mSinceBoot = new NetworkStatsCollection(bucketDuration);
+
+        mPendingRewriter = new CombiningRewriter(mPending);
+    }
+
+    public void setPersistThreshold(long thresholdBytes) {
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "setPersistThreshold() with " + thresholdBytes);
+        mPersistThresholdBytes = NetworkStatsUtils.constrain(
+                thresholdBytes, 1 * KB_IN_BYTES, 100 * MB_IN_BYTES);
+    }
+
+    public void resetLocked() {
+        mLastSnapshot = null;
+        if (mPending != null) {
+            mPending.reset();
+        }
+        if (mSinceBoot != null) {
+            mSinceBoot.reset();
+        }
+        if (mComplete != null) {
+            mComplete.clear();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStats.Entry getTotalSinceBootLocked(NetworkTemplate template) {
+        return mSinceBoot.getSummary(template, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE, Binder.getCallingUid()).getTotal(null);
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStatsCollection getSinceBoot() {
+        return mSinceBoot;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load complete history represented by {@link FileRotator}. Caches
+     * internally as a {@link WeakReference}, and updated with future
+     * {@link #recordSnapshotLocked(NetworkStats, Map, long)} snapshots as long
+     * as reference is valid.
+     */
+    public NetworkStatsCollection getOrLoadCompleteLocked() {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
+        NetworkStatsCollection res = mComplete != null ? mComplete.get() : null;
+        if (res == null) {
+            res = loadLocked(Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            mComplete = new WeakReference<NetworkStatsCollection>(res);
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    public NetworkStatsCollection getOrLoadPartialLocked(long start, long end) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
+        NetworkStatsCollection res = mComplete != null ? mComplete.get() : null;
+        if (res == null) {
+            res = loadLocked(start, end);
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStatsCollection loadLocked(long start, long end) {
+        if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "loadLocked() reading from disk for " + mCookie);
+        final NetworkStatsCollection res = new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration);
+        try {
+            mRotator.readMatching(res, start, end);
+            res.recordCollection(mPending);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "problem completely reading network stats", e);
+            recoverFromWtf();
+        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "problem completely reading network stats", e);
+            recoverFromWtf();
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Record any delta that occurred since last {@link NetworkStats} snapshot, using the given
+     * {@link Map} to identify network interfaces. First snapshot is considered bootstrap, and is
+     * not counted as delta.
+     */
+    public void recordSnapshotLocked(NetworkStats snapshot,
+            Map<String, NetworkIdentitySet> ifaceIdent, long currentTimeMillis) {
+        final HashSet<String> unknownIfaces = new HashSet<>();
+
+        // skip recording when snapshot missing
+        if (snapshot == null) return;
+
+        // assume first snapshot is bootstrap and don't record
+        if (mLastSnapshot == null) {
+            mLastSnapshot = snapshot;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection complete = mComplete != null ? mComplete.get() : null;
+
+        final NetworkStats delta = NetworkStats.subtract(
+                snapshot, mLastSnapshot, mObserver, mCookie);
+        final long end = currentTimeMillis;
+        final long start = end - delta.getElapsedRealtime();
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < delta.size(); i++) {
+            entry = delta.getValues(i, entry);
+
+            // As a last-ditch check, report any negative values and
+            // clamp them so recording below doesn't croak.
+            if (entry.isNegative()) {
+                if (mObserver != null) {
+                    mObserver.foundNonMonotonic(delta, i, mCookie);
+                }
+                entry.rxBytes = Math.max(entry.rxBytes, 0);
+                entry.rxPackets = Math.max(entry.rxPackets, 0);
+                entry.txBytes = Math.max(entry.txBytes, 0);
+                entry.txPackets = Math.max(entry.txPackets, 0);
+                entry.operations = Math.max(entry.operations, 0);
+            }
+
+            final NetworkIdentitySet ident = ifaceIdent.get(entry.iface);
+            if (ident == null) {
+                unknownIfaces.add(entry.iface);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // skip when no delta occurred
+            if (entry.isEmpty()) continue;
+
+            // only record tag data when requested
+            if ((entry.tag == TAG_NONE) != mOnlyTags) {
+                if (mPending != null) {
+                    mPending.recordData(ident, entry.uid, entry.set, entry.tag, start, end, entry);
+                }
+
+                // also record against boot stats when present
+                if (mSinceBoot != null) {
+                    mSinceBoot.recordData(ident, entry.uid, entry.set, entry.tag, start, end, entry);
+                }
+
+                // also record against complete dataset when present
+                if (complete != null) {
+                    complete.recordData(ident, entry.uid, entry.set, entry.tag, start, end, entry);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        mLastSnapshot = snapshot;
+
+        if (LOGV && unknownIfaces.size() > 0) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "unknown interfaces " + unknownIfaces + ", ignoring those stats");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Consider persisting any pending deltas, if they are beyond
+     * {@link #mPersistThresholdBytes}.
+     */
+    public void maybePersistLocked(long currentTimeMillis) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
+        final long pendingBytes = mPending.getTotalBytes();
+        if (pendingBytes >= mPersistThresholdBytes) {
+            forcePersistLocked(currentTimeMillis);
+        } else {
+            mRotator.maybeRotate(currentTimeMillis);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Force persisting any pending deltas.
+     */
+    public void forcePersistLocked(long currentTimeMillis) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
+        if (mPending.isDirty()) {
+            if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "forcePersistLocked() writing for " + mCookie);
+            try {
+                mRotator.rewriteActive(mPendingRewriter, currentTimeMillis);
+                mRotator.maybeRotate(currentTimeMillis);
+                mPending.reset();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "problem persisting pending stats", e);
+                recoverFromWtf();
+            } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "problem persisting pending stats", e);
+                recoverFromWtf();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the given UID from all {@link FileRotator} history, migrating it
+     * to {@link TrafficStats#UID_REMOVED}.
+     */
+    public void removeUidsLocked(int[] uids) {
+        if (mRotator != null) {
+            try {
+                // Rewrite all persisted data to migrate UID stats
+                mRotator.rewriteAll(new RemoveUidRewriter(mBucketDuration, uids));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "problem removing UIDs " + Arrays.toString(uids), e);
+                recoverFromWtf();
+            } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "problem removing UIDs " + Arrays.toString(uids), e);
+                recoverFromWtf();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove any pending stats
+        if (mPending != null) {
+            mPending.removeUids(uids);
+        }
+        if (mSinceBoot != null) {
+            mSinceBoot.removeUids(uids);
+        }
+
+        // Clear UID from current stats snapshot
+        if (mLastSnapshot != null) {
+            mLastSnapshot.removeUids(uids);
+        }
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection complete = mComplete != null ? mComplete.get() : null;
+        if (complete != null) {
+            complete.removeUids(uids);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rewriter that will combine current {@link NetworkStatsCollection} values
+     * with anything read from disk, and write combined set to disk. Clears the
+     * original {@link NetworkStatsCollection} when finished writing.
+     */
+    private static class CombiningRewriter implements FileRotator.Rewriter {
+        private final NetworkStatsCollection mCollection;
+
+        public CombiningRewriter(NetworkStatsCollection collection) {
+            mCollection = Objects.requireNonNull(collection, "missing NetworkStatsCollection");
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void reset() {
+            // ignored
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void read(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            mCollection.read(in);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean shouldWrite() {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+            mCollection.write(out);
+            mCollection.reset();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Rewriter that will remove any {@link NetworkStatsHistory} attributed to
+     * the requested UID, only writing data back when modified.
+     */
+    public static class RemoveUidRewriter implements FileRotator.Rewriter {
+        private final NetworkStatsCollection mTemp;
+        private final int[] mUids;
+
+        public RemoveUidRewriter(long bucketDuration, int[] uids) {
+            mTemp = new NetworkStatsCollection(bucketDuration);
+            mUids = uids;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void reset() {
+            mTemp.reset();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void read(InputStream in) throws IOException {
+            mTemp.read(in);
+            mTemp.clearDirty();
+            mTemp.removeUids(mUids);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean shouldWrite() {
+            return mTemp.isDirty();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
+            mTemp.write(out);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void importLegacyNetworkLocked(File file) throws IOException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
+
+        // legacy file still exists; start empty to avoid double importing
+        mRotator.deleteAll();
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration);
+        collection.readLegacyNetwork(file);
+
+        final long startMillis = collection.getStartMillis();
+        final long endMillis = collection.getEndMillis();
+
+        if (!collection.isEmpty()) {
+            // process legacy data, creating active file at starting time, then
+            // using end time to possibly trigger rotation.
+            mRotator.rewriteActive(new CombiningRewriter(collection), startMillis);
+            mRotator.maybeRotate(endMillis);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void importLegacyUidLocked(File file) throws IOException {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mRotator, "missing FileRotator");
+
+        // legacy file still exists; start empty to avoid double importing
+        mRotator.deleteAll();
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection collection = new NetworkStatsCollection(mBucketDuration);
+        collection.readLegacyUid(file, mOnlyTags);
+
+        final long startMillis = collection.getStartMillis();
+        final long endMillis = collection.getEndMillis();
+
+        if (!collection.isEmpty()) {
+            // process legacy data, creating active file at starting time, then
+            // using end time to possibly trigger rotation.
+            mRotator.rewriteActive(new CombiningRewriter(collection), startMillis);
+            mRotator.maybeRotate(endMillis);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void dumpLocked(IndentingPrintWriter pw, boolean fullHistory) {
+        if (mPending != null) {
+            pw.print("Pending bytes: "); pw.println(mPending.getTotalBytes());
+        }
+        if (fullHistory) {
+            pw.println("Complete history:");
+            getOrLoadCompleteLocked().dump(pw);
+        } else {
+            pw.println("History since boot:");
+            mSinceBoot.dump(pw);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void dumpDebugLocked(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag) {
+        final long start = proto.start(tag);
+        if (mPending != null) {
+            proto.write(NetworkStatsRecorderProto.PENDING_TOTAL_BYTES,
+                    mPending.getTotalBytes());
+        }
+        getOrLoadCompleteLocked().dumpDebug(proto,
+                NetworkStatsRecorderProto.COMPLETE_HISTORY);
+        proto.end(start);
+    }
+
+    public void dumpCheckin(PrintWriter pw, long start, long end) {
+        // Only load and dump stats from the requested window
+        getOrLoadPartialLocked(start, end).dumpCheckin(pw, start, end);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recover from {@link FileRotator} failure by dumping state to
+     * {@link DropBoxManager} and deleting contents.
+     */
+    private void recoverFromWtf() {
+        if (DUMP_BEFORE_DELETE) {
+            final ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+            try {
+                mRotator.dumpAll(os);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                // ignore partial contents
+                os.reset();
+            } finally {
+                IoUtils.closeQuietly(os);
+            }
+            mDropBox.addData(TAG_NETSTATS_DUMP, os.toByteArray(), 0);
+        }
+
+        mRotator.deleteAll();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3794e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,2528 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.PREFIX_DEV;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_UID_REMOVED;
+import static android.content.Intent.ACTION_USER_REMOVED;
+import static android.content.Intent.EXTRA_UID;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.IFACE_VT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.INTERFACES_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.STATS_PER_IFACE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.STATS_PER_UID;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWildcard;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.KB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.MB_IN_BYTES;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UID_TETHERING;
+import static android.net.TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_UID_TAG;
+import static android.net.netstats.NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtils.PREFIX_XT;
+import static android.os.Trace.TRACE_TAG_NETWORK;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
+import static android.telephony.SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+import static android.text.format.DateUtils.SECOND_IN_MILLIS;
+
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.getDisplayTransport;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils.LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
+import android.net.INetd;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
+import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentity;
+import android.net.NetworkIdentitySet;
+import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
+import android.net.NetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NetworkStack;
+import android.net.NetworkStateSnapshot;
+import android.net.NetworkStats;
+import android.net.NetworkStats.NonMonotonicObserver;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsAccess;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsCollection;
+import android.net.NetworkStatsHistory;
+import android.net.NetworkTemplate;
+import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
+import android.net.TetheringManager;
+import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.UnderlyingNetworkInfo;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.net.netstats.IUsageCallback;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.INetworkStatsProviderCallback;
+import android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.DropBoxManager;
+import android.os.Environment;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.PowerManager;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.Trace;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.provider.Settings.Global;
+import android.service.NetworkInterfaceProto;
+import android.service.NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionPlan;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.text.format.DateUtils;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.EventLog;
+import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.FileRotator;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BestClock;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BinderUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
+import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStatsUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U32;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.U8;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.time.Clock;
+import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * Collect and persist detailed network statistics, and provide this data to
+ * other system services.
+ */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+public class NetworkStatsService extends INetworkStatsService.Stub {
+    static {
+        System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
+    }
+
+    static final String TAG = "NetworkStats";
+    static final boolean LOGD = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG);
+    static final boolean LOGV = Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.VERBOSE);
+
+    // Perform polling and persist all (FLAG_PERSIST_ALL).
+    private static final int MSG_PERFORM_POLL = 1;
+    // Perform polling, persist network, and register the global alert again.
+    private static final int MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT = 2;
+    private static final int MSG_NOTIFY_NETWORK_STATUS = 3;
+    // A message for broadcasting ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED in handler thread to prevent
+    // deadlock.
+    private static final int MSG_BROADCAST_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED = 4;
+
+    /** Flags to control detail level of poll event. */
+    private static final int FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK = 0x1;
+    private static final int FLAG_PERSIST_UID = 0x2;
+    private static final int FLAG_PERSIST_ALL = FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK | FLAG_PERSIST_UID;
+    private static final int FLAG_PERSIST_FORCE = 0x100;
+
+    /**
+     * When global alert quota is high, wait for this delay before processing each polling,
+     * and do not schedule further polls once there is already one queued.
+     * This avoids firing the global alert too often on devices with high transfer speeds and
+     * high quota.
+     */
+    private static final int DEFAULT_PERFORM_POLL_DELAY_MS = 1000;
+
+    private static final String TAG_NETSTATS_ERROR = "netstats_error";
+
+    /**
+     * EventLog tags used when logging into the event log. Note the values must be sync with
+     * frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/EventLogTags.logtags to get correct
+     * name translation.
+      */
+    private static final int LOG_TAG_NETSTATS_MOBILE_SAMPLE = 51100;
+    private static final int LOG_TAG_NETSTATS_WIFI_SAMPLE = 51101;
+
+    // TODO: Replace the hardcoded string and move it into ConnectivitySettingsManager.
+    private static final String NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED =
+            "netstats_combine_subtype_enabled";
+
+    // This is current path but may be changed soon.
+    private static final String UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_uid_counterset_map";
+    private static final String COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_cookie_tag_map";
+    private static final String APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_app_uid_stats_map";
+    private static final String STATS_MAP_A_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_stats_map_A";
+    private static final String STATS_MAP_B_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/map_netd_stats_map_B";
+
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
+    private final AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
+    private final Clock mClock;
+    private final NetworkStatsSettings mSettings;
+    private final NetworkStatsObservers mStatsObservers;
+
+    private final File mSystemDir;
+    private final File mBaseDir;
+
+    private final PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
+
+    private final ContentObserver mContentObserver;
+    private final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
+
+    protected INetd mNetd;
+    private final AlertObserver mAlertObserver = new AlertObserver();
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final String ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL =
+            "com.android.server.action.NETWORK_STATS_POLL";
+    public static final String ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED =
+            "com.android.server.action.NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED";
+
+    private PendingIntent mPollIntent;
+
+    /**
+     * Settings that can be changed externally.
+     */
+    public interface NetworkStatsSettings {
+        long getPollInterval();
+        long getPollDelay();
+        boolean getSampleEnabled();
+        boolean getAugmentEnabled();
+        /**
+         * When enabled, all mobile data is reported under {@link NetworkTemplate#NETWORK_TYPE_ALL}.
+         * When disabled, mobile data is broken down by a granular ratType representative of the
+         * actual ratType. {@see android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#getCollapsedRatType}.
+         * Enabling this decreases the level of detail but saves performance, disk space and
+         * amount of data logged.
+         */
+        boolean getCombineSubtypeEnabled();
+
+        class Config {
+            public final long bucketDuration;
+            public final long rotateAgeMillis;
+            public final long deleteAgeMillis;
+
+            public Config(long bucketDuration, long rotateAgeMillis, long deleteAgeMillis) {
+                this.bucketDuration = bucketDuration;
+                this.rotateAgeMillis = rotateAgeMillis;
+                this.deleteAgeMillis = deleteAgeMillis;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Config getDevConfig();
+        Config getXtConfig();
+        Config getUidConfig();
+        Config getUidTagConfig();
+
+        long getGlobalAlertBytes(long def);
+        long getDevPersistBytes(long def);
+        long getXtPersistBytes(long def);
+        long getUidPersistBytes(long def);
+        long getUidTagPersistBytes(long def);
+    }
+
+    private final Object mStatsLock = new Object();
+
+    /** Set of currently active ifaces. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private final ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    /** Set of currently active ifaces for UID stats. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private final ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> mActiveUidIfaces = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    /** Current default active iface. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private String mActiveIface;
+
+    /** Set of any ifaces associated with mobile networks since boot. */
+    private volatile String[] mMobileIfaces = new String[0];
+
+    /** Set of any ifaces associated with wifi networks since boot. */
+    private volatile String[] mWifiIfaces = new String[0];
+
+    /** Set of all ifaces currently used by traffic that does not explicitly specify a Network. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private Network[] mDefaultNetworks = new Network[0];
+
+    /** Last states of all networks sent from ConnectivityService. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private NetworkStateSnapshot[] mLastNetworkStateSnapshots = null;
+
+    private final DropBoxNonMonotonicObserver mNonMonotonicObserver =
+            new DropBoxNonMonotonicObserver();
+
+    private static final int MAX_STATS_PROVIDER_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS = 100;
+    private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl> mStatsProviderCbList =
+            new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+    /** Semaphore used to wait for stats provider to respond to request stats update. */
+    private final Semaphore mStatsProviderSem = new Semaphore(0, true);
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private NetworkStatsRecorder mDevRecorder;
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private NetworkStatsRecorder mXtRecorder;
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private NetworkStatsRecorder mUidRecorder;
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private NetworkStatsRecorder mUidTagRecorder;
+
+    /** Cached {@link #mXtRecorder} stats. */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private NetworkStatsCollection mXtStatsCached;
+
+    /**
+     * Current counter sets for each UID.
+     * TODO: maybe remove mActiveUidCounterSet and read UidCouneterSet value from mUidCounterSetMap
+     * directly ? But if mActiveUidCounterSet would be accessed very frequently, maybe keep
+     * mActiveUidCounterSet to avoid accessing kernel too frequently.
+     */
+    private SparseIntArray mActiveUidCounterSet = new SparseIntArray();
+    private final IBpfMap<U32, U8> mUidCounterSetMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> mCookieTagMap;
+    private final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapA;
+    private final IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mStatsMapB;
+    private final IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> mAppUidStatsMap;
+
+    /** Data layer operation counters for splicing into other structures. */
+    private NetworkStats mUidOperations = new NetworkStats(0L, 10);
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+
+    private volatile boolean mSystemReady;
+    private long mPersistThreshold = 2 * MB_IN_BYTES;
+    private long mGlobalAlertBytes;
+
+    private static final long POLL_RATE_LIMIT_MS = 15_000;
+
+    private long mLastStatsSessionPoll;
+
+    /** Map from UID to number of opened sessions */
+    @GuardedBy("mOpenSessionCallsPerUid")
+    private final SparseIntArray mOpenSessionCallsPerUid = new SparseIntArray();
+
+    private final static int DUMP_STATS_SESSION_COUNT = 20;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Dependencies mDeps;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final LocationPermissionChecker mLocationPermissionChecker;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfInterfaceMapUpdater mInterfaceMapUpdater;
+
+    private static @NonNull File getDefaultSystemDir() {
+        return new File(Environment.getDataDirectory(), "system");
+    }
+
+    private static @NonNull File getDefaultBaseDir() {
+        File baseDir = new File(getDefaultSystemDir(), "netstats");
+        baseDir.mkdirs();
+        return baseDir;
+    }
+
+    private static @NonNull Clock getDefaultClock() {
+        return new BestClock(ZoneOffset.UTC, SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock(),
+                Clock.systemUTC());
+    }
+
+    private final class NetworkStatsHandler extends Handler {
+        NetworkStatsHandler(@NonNull Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case MSG_PERFORM_POLL: {
+                    performPoll(FLAG_PERSIST_ALL);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case MSG_NOTIFY_NETWORK_STATUS: {
+                    // If no cached states, ignore.
+                    if (mLastNetworkStateSnapshots == null) break;
+                    // TODO (b/181642673): Protect mDefaultNetworks from concurrent accessing.
+                    handleNotifyNetworkStatus(
+                            mDefaultNetworks, mLastNetworkStateSnapshots, mActiveIface);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT: {
+                    performPoll(FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK);
+                    registerGlobalAlert();
+                    break;
+                }
+                case MSG_BROADCAST_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED: {
+                    final Intent updatedIntent = new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED);
+                    updatedIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY);
+                    mContext.sendBroadcastAsUser(updatedIntent, UserHandle.ALL,
+                            READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Creates a new NetworkStatsService */
+    public static NetworkStatsService create(Context context) {
+        AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) context.getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+        PowerManager powerManager = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
+        PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock =
+                powerManager.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
+        final INetd netd = INetd.Stub.asInterface(
+                (IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE));
+        final NetworkStatsService service = new NetworkStatsService(context,
+                INetd.Stub.asInterface((IBinder) context.getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)),
+                alarmManager, wakeLock, getDefaultClock(),
+                new DefaultNetworkStatsSettings(), new NetworkStatsFactory(context),
+                new NetworkStatsObservers(), getDefaultSystemDir(), getDefaultBaseDir(),
+                new Dependencies());
+
+        return service;
+    }
+
+    // This must not be called outside of tests, even within the same package, as this constructor
+    // does not register the local service. Use the create() helper above.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    NetworkStatsService(Context context, INetd netd, AlarmManager alarmManager,
+            PowerManager.WakeLock wakeLock, Clock clock, NetworkStatsSettings settings,
+            NetworkStatsFactory factory, NetworkStatsObservers statsObservers, File systemDir,
+            File baseDir, @NonNull Dependencies deps) {
+        mContext = Objects.requireNonNull(context, "missing Context");
+        mNetd = Objects.requireNonNull(netd, "missing Netd");
+        mAlarmManager = Objects.requireNonNull(alarmManager, "missing AlarmManager");
+        mClock = Objects.requireNonNull(clock, "missing Clock");
+        mSettings = Objects.requireNonNull(settings, "missing NetworkStatsSettings");
+        mWakeLock = Objects.requireNonNull(wakeLock, "missing WakeLock");
+        mStatsFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(factory, "missing factory");
+        mStatsObservers = Objects.requireNonNull(statsObservers, "missing NetworkStatsObservers");
+        mSystemDir = Objects.requireNonNull(systemDir, "missing systemDir");
+        mBaseDir = Objects.requireNonNull(baseDir, "missing baseDir");
+        mDeps = Objects.requireNonNull(deps, "missing Dependencies");
+
+        final HandlerThread handlerThread = mDeps.makeHandlerThread();
+        handlerThread.start();
+        mHandler = new NetworkStatsHandler(handlerThread.getLooper());
+        mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor = deps.makeSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext,
+                (command) -> mHandler.post(command) , this);
+        mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
+        mContentObserver = mDeps.makeContentObserver(mHandler, mSettings,
+                mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor);
+        mLocationPermissionChecker = mDeps.makeLocationPermissionChecker(mContext);
+        mInterfaceMapUpdater = mDeps.makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(mContext, mHandler);
+        mInterfaceMapUpdater.start();
+        mUidCounterSetMap = mDeps.getUidCounterSetMap();
+        mCookieTagMap = mDeps.getCookieTagMap();
+        mStatsMapA = mDeps.getStatsMapA();
+        mStatsMapB = mDeps.getStatsMapB();
+        mAppUidStatsMap = mDeps.getAppUidStatsMap();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dependencies of NetworkStatsService, for injection in tests.
+     */
+    // TODO: Move more stuff into dependencies object.
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class Dependencies {
+        /**
+         * Create a HandlerThread to use in NetworkStatsService.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
+            return new HandlerThread(TAG);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a {@link NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor}, can be used to monitor RAT change
+         * event in NetworkStatsService.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor makeSubscriptionsMonitor(@NonNull Context context,
+                @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull NetworkStatsService service) {
+            // TODO: Update RatType passively in NSS, instead of querying into the monitor
+            //  when notifyNetworkStatus.
+            return new NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor(context, executor,
+                    (subscriberId, type) -> service.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged());
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Create a ContentObserver instance which is used to observe settings changes,
+         * and dispatch onChange events on handler thread.
+         */
+        public @NonNull ContentObserver makeContentObserver(@NonNull Handler handler,
+                @NonNull NetworkStatsSettings settings,
+                @NonNull NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor monitor) {
+            return new ContentObserver(handler) {
+                @Override
+                public void onChange(boolean selfChange, @NonNull Uri uri) {
+                    if (!settings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled()) {
+                        monitor.start();
+                    } else {
+                        monitor.stop();
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @see LocationPermissionChecker
+         */
+        public LocationPermissionChecker makeLocationPermissionChecker(final Context context) {
+            return new LocationPermissionChecker(context);
+        }
+
+        /** Create BpfInterfaceMapUpdater to update bpf interface map. */
+        @NonNull
+        public BpfInterfaceMapUpdater makeBpfInterfaceMapUpdater(
+                @NonNull Context ctx, @NonNull Handler handler) {
+            return new BpfInterfaceMapUpdater(ctx, handler);
+        }
+
+        /** Get counter sets map for each UID. */
+        public IBpfMap<U32, U8> getUidCounterSetMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<U32, U8>(UID_COUNTERSET_MAP_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR,
+                        U32.class, U8.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open uid counter set map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Gets the cookie tag map */
+        public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getCookieTagMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH,
+                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open cookie tag map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Gets stats map A */
+        public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapA() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue>(STATS_MAP_A_PATH,
+                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, StatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open stats map A: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Gets stats map B */
+        public IBpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getStatsMapB() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<StatsMapKey, StatsMapValue>(STATS_MAP_B_PATH,
+                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, StatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open stats map B: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /** Gets the uid stats map */
+        public IBpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue> getAppUidStatsMap() {
+            try {
+                return new BpfMap<UidStatsMapKey, StatsMapValue>(APP_UID_STATS_MAP_PATH,
+                        BpfMap.BPF_F_RDWR, UidStatsMapKey.class, StatsMapValue.class);
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Cannot open app uid stats map: " + e);
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Observer that watches for {@link INetdUnsolicitedEventListener} alerts.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public class AlertObserver extends BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener {
+        @Override
+        public void onQuotaLimitReached(@NonNull String alertName, @NonNull String ifName) {
+            PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+
+            if (LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT.equals(alertName)) {
+                // kick off background poll to collect network stats unless there is already
+                // such a call pending; UID stats are handled during normal polling interval.
+                if (!mHandler.hasMessages(MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT)) {
+                    mHandler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(MSG_PERFORM_POLL_REGISTER_ALERT,
+                            mSettings.getPollDelay());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void systemReady() {
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            mSystemReady = true;
+
+            // create data recorders along with historical rotators
+            mDevRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_DEV, mSettings.getDevConfig(), false);
+            mXtRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_XT, mSettings.getXtConfig(), false);
+            mUidRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID, mSettings.getUidConfig(), false);
+            mUidTagRecorder = buildRecorder(PREFIX_UID_TAG, mSettings.getUidTagConfig(), true);
+
+            updatePersistThresholdsLocked();
+
+            // upgrade any legacy stats, migrating them to rotated files
+            maybeUpgradeLegacyStatsLocked();
+
+            // read historical network stats from disk, since policy service
+            // might need them right away.
+            mXtStatsCached = mXtRecorder.getOrLoadCompleteLocked();
+
+            // bootstrap initial stats to prevent double-counting later
+            bootstrapStatsLocked();
+        }
+
+        // watch for tethering changes
+        final TetheringManager tetheringManager = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+        tetheringManager.registerTetheringEventCallback(
+                (command) -> mHandler.post(command), mTetherListener);
+
+        // listen for periodic polling events
+        final IntentFilter pollFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mPollReceiver, pollFilter, READ_NETWORK_USAGE_HISTORY, mHandler);
+
+        // listen for uid removal to clean stats
+        final IntentFilter removedFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_UID_REMOVED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mRemovedReceiver, removedFilter, null, mHandler);
+
+        // listen for user changes to clean stats
+        final IntentFilter userFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_USER_REMOVED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mUserReceiver, userFilter, null, mHandler);
+
+        // persist stats during clean shutdown
+        final IntentFilter shutdownFilter = new IntentFilter(ACTION_SHUTDOWN);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mShutdownReceiver, shutdownFilter);
+
+        try {
+            mNetd.registerUnsolicitedEventListener(mAlertObserver);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Error registering event listener :", e);
+        }
+
+        //  schedule periodic pall alarm based on {@link NetworkStatsSettings#getPollInterval()}.
+        final PendingIntent pollIntent =
+                PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL),
+                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
+
+        final long currentRealtime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        mAlarmManager.setInexactRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, currentRealtime,
+                mSettings.getPollInterval(), pollIntent);
+
+        mContentResolver.registerContentObserver(Settings.Global
+                .getUriFor(NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED),
+                        false /* notifyForDescendants */, mContentObserver);
+
+        // Post a runnable on handler thread to call onChange(). It's for getting current value of
+        // NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED to decide start or stop monitoring RAT type changes.
+        mHandler.post(() -> mContentObserver.onChange(false, Settings.Global
+                .getUriFor(NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED)));
+
+        registerGlobalAlert();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStatsRecorder buildRecorder(
+            String prefix, NetworkStatsSettings.Config config, boolean includeTags) {
+        final DropBoxManager dropBox = (DropBoxManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                Context.DROPBOX_SERVICE);
+        return new NetworkStatsRecorder(new FileRotator(
+                mBaseDir, prefix, config.rotateAgeMillis, config.deleteAgeMillis),
+                mNonMonotonicObserver, dropBox, prefix, config.bucketDuration, includeTags);
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void shutdownLocked() {
+        final TetheringManager tetheringManager = mContext.getSystemService(TetheringManager.class);
+        tetheringManager.unregisterTetheringEventCallback(mTetherListener);
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mPollReceiver);
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mRemovedReceiver);
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mUserReceiver);
+        mContext.unregisterReceiver(mShutdownReceiver);
+
+        if (!mSettings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled()) {
+            mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.stop();
+        }
+
+        mContentResolver.unregisterContentObserver(mContentObserver);
+
+        final long currentTime = mClock.millis();
+
+        // persist any pending stats
+        mDevRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+        mXtRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+        mUidRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+        mUidTagRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+
+        mSystemReady = false;
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void maybeUpgradeLegacyStatsLocked() {
+        File file;
+        try {
+            file = new File(mSystemDir, "netstats.bin");
+            if (file.exists()) {
+                mDevRecorder.importLegacyNetworkLocked(file);
+                file.delete();
+            }
+
+            file = new File(mSystemDir, "netstats_xt.bin");
+            if (file.exists()) {
+                file.delete();
+            }
+
+            file = new File(mSystemDir, "netstats_uid.bin");
+            if (file.exists()) {
+                mUidRecorder.importLegacyUidLocked(file);
+                mUidTagRecorder.importLegacyUidLocked(file);
+                file.delete();
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "problem during legacy upgrade", e);
+        } catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "problem during legacy upgrade", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register for a global alert that is delivered through {@link AlertObserver}
+     * or {@link NetworkStatsProviderCallback#onAlertReached()} once a threshold amount of data has
+     * been transferred.
+     */
+    private void registerGlobalAlert() {
+        try {
+            mNetd.bandwidthSetGlobalAlert(mGlobalAlertBytes);
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "problem registering for global alert: " + e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // ignored; service lives in system_server
+        }
+        invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks((cb) -> cb.mProvider.onSetAlert(mGlobalAlertBytes));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public INetworkStatsSession openSession() {
+        return openSessionInternal(NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN, null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public INetworkStatsSession openSessionForUsageStats(int flags, String callingPackage) {
+        return openSessionInternal(flags, callingPackage);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRateLimitedForPoll(int callingUid) {
+        if (callingUid == android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final long lastCallTime;
+        final long now = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        synchronized (mOpenSessionCallsPerUid) {
+            int calls = mOpenSessionCallsPerUid.get(callingUid, 0);
+            mOpenSessionCallsPerUid.put(callingUid, calls + 1);
+            lastCallTime = mLastStatsSessionPoll;
+            mLastStatsSessionPoll = now;
+        }
+
+        return now - lastCallTime < POLL_RATE_LIMIT_MS;
+    }
+
+    private int restrictFlagsForCaller(int flags) {
+        // All non-privileged callers are not allowed to turn off POLL_ON_OPEN.
+        final boolean isPrivileged = PermissionUtils.checkAnyPermissionOf(mContext,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK);
+        if (!isPrivileged) {
+            flags |= NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN;
+        }
+        // Non-system uids are rate limited for POLL_ON_OPEN.
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        flags = isRateLimitedForPoll(callingUid)
+                ? flags & (~NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN)
+                : flags;
+        return flags;
+    }
+
+    private INetworkStatsSession openSessionInternal(final int flags, final String callingPackage) {
+        final int restrictedFlags = restrictFlagsForCaller(flags);
+        if ((restrictedFlags & (NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_ON_OPEN
+                | NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_POLL_FORCE)) != 0) {
+            final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                performPoll(FLAG_PERSIST_ALL);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return an IBinder which holds strong references to any loaded stats
+        // for its lifetime; when caller closes only weak references remain.
+
+        return new INetworkStatsSession.Stub() {
+            private final int mCallingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+            private final String mCallingPackage = callingPackage;
+            private final @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int mAccessLevel = checkAccessLevel(
+                    callingPackage);
+
+            private NetworkStatsCollection mUidComplete;
+            private NetworkStatsCollection mUidTagComplete;
+
+            private NetworkStatsCollection getUidComplete() {
+                synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+                    if (mUidComplete == null) {
+                        mUidComplete = mUidRecorder.getOrLoadCompleteLocked();
+                    }
+                    return mUidComplete;
+                }
+            }
+
+            private NetworkStatsCollection getUidTagComplete() {
+                synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+                    if (mUidTagComplete == null) {
+                        mUidTagComplete = mUidTagRecorder.getOrLoadCompleteLocked();
+                    }
+                    return mUidTagComplete;
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public int[] getRelevantUids() {
+                return getUidComplete().getRelevantUids(mAccessLevel);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStats getDeviceSummaryForNetwork(
+                    NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                return internalGetSummaryForNetwork(template, restrictedFlags, start, end,
+                        mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStats getSummaryForNetwork(
+                    NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                return internalGetSummaryForNetwork(template, restrictedFlags, start, end,
+                        mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Remove this after all callers are removed.
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryForNetwork(NetworkTemplate template, int fields) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                return internalGetHistoryForNetwork(template, restrictedFlags, fields,
+                        mAccessLevel, mCallingUid, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(NetworkTemplate template,
+                    int fields, long start, long end) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                // TODO(b/200768422): Redact returned history if the template is location
+                //  sensitive but the caller is not privileged.
+                return internalGetHistoryForNetwork(template, restrictedFlags, fields,
+                        mAccessLevel, mCallingUid, start, end);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStats getSummaryForAllUid(
+                    NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end, boolean includeTags) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                try {
+                    final NetworkStats stats = getUidComplete()
+                            .getSummary(template, start, end, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                    if (includeTags) {
+                        final NetworkStats tagStats = getUidTagComplete()
+                                .getSummary(template, start, end, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                        stats.combineAllValues(tagStats);
+                    }
+                    return stats;
+                } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStats getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(
+                    NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                try {
+                    final NetworkStats tagStats = getUidTagComplete()
+                            .getSummary(template, start, end, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                    return tagStats;
+                } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    throw e;
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryForUid(
+                    NetworkTemplate template, int uid, int set, int tag, int fields) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                // NOTE: We don't augment UID-level statistics
+                if (tag == TAG_NONE) {
+                    return getUidComplete().getHistory(template, null, uid, set, tag, fields,
+                            Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                } else {
+                    return getUidTagComplete().getHistory(template, null, uid, set, tag, fields,
+                            Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStatsHistory getHistoryIntervalForUid(
+                    NetworkTemplate template, int uid, int set, int tag, int fields,
+                    long start, long end) {
+                enforceTemplatePermissions(template, callingPackage);
+                // TODO(b/200768422): Redact returned history if the template is location
+                //  sensitive but the caller is not privileged.
+                // NOTE: We don't augment UID-level statistics
+                if (tag == TAG_NONE) {
+                    return getUidComplete().getHistory(template, null, uid, set, tag, fields,
+                            start, end, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                } else if (uid == Binder.getCallingUid()) {
+                    return getUidTagComplete().getHistory(template, null, uid, set, tag, fields,
+                            start, end, mAccessLevel, mCallingUid);
+                } else {
+                    throw new SecurityException("Calling package " + mCallingPackage
+                            + " cannot access tag information from a different uid");
+                }
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void close() {
+                mUidComplete = null;
+                mUidTagComplete = null;
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private void enforceTemplatePermissions(@NonNull NetworkTemplate template,
+            @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+        // For a template with wifi network keys, it is possible for a malicious
+        // client to track the user locations via querying data usage. Thus, enforce
+        // fine location permission check.
+        if (!template.getWifiNetworkKeys().isEmpty()) {
+            final boolean canAccessFineLocation = mLocationPermissionChecker
+                    .checkCallersLocationPermission(callingPackage,
+                    null /* featureId */,
+                            Binder.getCallingUid(),
+                            false /* coarseForTargetSdkLessThanQ */,
+                            null /* message */);
+            if (!canAccessFineLocation) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Access fine location is required when querying"
+                        + " with wifi network keys, make sure the app has the necessary"
+                        + "permissions and the location toggle is on.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int checkAccessLevel(String callingPackage) {
+        return NetworkStatsAccess.checkAccessLevel(
+                mContext, Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackage);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find the most relevant {@link SubscriptionPlan} for the given
+     * {@link NetworkTemplate} and flags. This is typically used to augment
+     * local measurement results to match a known anchor from the carrier.
+     */
+    private SubscriptionPlan resolveSubscriptionPlan(NetworkTemplate template, int flags) {
+        SubscriptionPlan plan = null;
+        if ((flags & NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN) != 0
+                && mSettings.getAugmentEnabled()) {
+            if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "Resolving plan for " + template);
+            final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                plan = mContext.getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class)
+                        .getSubscriptionPlan(template);
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+            }
+            if (LOGD) Log.d(TAG, "Resolved to plan " + plan);
+        }
+        return plan;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return network summary, splicing between DEV and XT stats when
+     * appropriate.
+     */
+    private NetworkStats internalGetSummaryForNetwork(NetworkTemplate template, int flags,
+            long start, long end, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel, int callingUid) {
+        // We've been using pure XT stats long enough that we no longer need to
+        // splice DEV and XT together.
+        final NetworkStatsHistory history = internalGetHistoryForNetwork(template, flags, FIELD_ALL,
+                accessLevel, callingUid, start, end);
+
+        final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final NetworkStatsHistory.Entry entry = history.getValues(start, end, now, null);
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(end - start, 1);
+        stats.insertEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(IFACE_ALL, UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE,
+                METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL, DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, entry.rxBytes, entry.rxPackets,
+                entry.txBytes, entry.txPackets, entry.operations));
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return network history, splicing between DEV and XT stats when
+     * appropriate.
+     */
+    private NetworkStatsHistory internalGetHistoryForNetwork(NetworkTemplate template,
+            int flags, int fields, @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel, int callingUid,
+            long start, long end) {
+        // We've been using pure XT stats long enough that we no longer need to
+        // splice DEV and XT together.
+        final SubscriptionPlan augmentPlan = resolveSubscriptionPlan(template, flags);
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            return mXtStatsCached.getHistory(template, augmentPlan,
+                    UID_ALL, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, fields, start, end, accessLevel, callingUid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long getNetworkTotalBytes(NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end) {
+        assertSystemReady();
+
+        return internalGetSummaryForNetwork(template,
+                NetworkStatsManager.FLAG_AUGMENT_WITH_SUBSCRIPTION_PLAN, start, end,
+                NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE, Binder.getCallingUid()).getTotalBytes();
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats getNetworkUidBytes(NetworkTemplate template, long start, long end) {
+        assertSystemReady();
+
+        final NetworkStatsCollection uidComplete;
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            uidComplete = mUidRecorder.getOrLoadCompleteLocked();
+        }
+        return uidComplete.getSummary(template, start, end, NetworkStatsAccess.Level.DEVICE,
+                android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkStats getDataLayerSnapshotForUid(int uid) throws RemoteException {
+        if (Binder.getCallingUid() != uid) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Snapshots only available for calling UID");
+            return new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 0);
+        }
+
+        // TODO: switch to data layer stats once kernel exports
+        // for now, read network layer stats and flatten across all ifaces.
+        // This function is used to query NeworkStats for calle's uid. The only caller method
+        // TrafficStats#getDataLayerSnapshotForUid alrady claim no special permission to query
+        // its own NetworkStats.
+        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        final NetworkStats networkLayer;
+        try {
+            networkLayer = readNetworkStatsUidDetail(uid, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+        }
+
+        // splice in operation counts
+        networkLayer.spliceOperationsFrom(mUidOperations);
+
+        final NetworkStats dataLayer = new NetworkStats(
+                networkLayer.getElapsedRealtime(), networkLayer.size());
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry = null;
+        for (int i = 0; i < networkLayer.size(); i++) {
+            entry = networkLayer.getValues(i, entry);
+            entry.iface = IFACE_ALL;
+            dataLayer.combineValues(entry);
+        }
+
+        return dataLayer;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public NetworkStats getUidStatsForTransport(int transport) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        try {
+            final String[] relevantIfaces =
+                    transport == TRANSPORT_WIFI ? mWifiIfaces : mMobileIfaces;
+            // TODO(b/215633405) : mMobileIfaces and mWifiIfaces already contain the stacked
+            // interfaces, so this is not useful, remove it.
+            final String[] ifacesToQuery =
+                    mStatsFactory.augmentWithStackedInterfaces(relevantIfaces);
+            return getNetworkStatsUidDetail(ifacesToQuery);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Error compiling UID stats", e);
+            return new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String[] getMobileIfaces() {
+        // TODO (b/192758557): Remove debug log.
+        if (CollectionUtils.contains(mMobileIfaces, null)) {
+            throw new NullPointerException(
+                    "null element in mMobileIfaces: " + Arrays.toString(mMobileIfaces));
+        }
+        return mMobileIfaces.clone();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void incrementOperationCount(int uid, int tag, int operationCount) {
+        if (Binder.getCallingUid() != uid) {
+            mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, TAG);
+        }
+
+        if (operationCount < 0) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("operation count can only be incremented");
+        }
+        if (tag == TAG_NONE) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("operation count must have specific tag");
+        }
+
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            final int set = mActiveUidCounterSet.get(uid, SET_DEFAULT);
+            mUidOperations.combineValues(
+                    mActiveIface, uid, set, tag, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, operationCount);
+            mUidOperations.combineValues(
+                    mActiveIface, uid, set, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, operationCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void setKernelCounterSet(int uid, int set) {
+        if (mUidCounterSetMap == null) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Fail to set UidCounterSet: Null bpf map");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (set == SET_DEFAULT) {
+            try {
+                mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+            } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                Log.w(TAG, "UidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(" + uid + ") failed with errno: " + e);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mUidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(new U32(uid), new U8((short) set));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "UidCounterSetMap.updateEntry(" + uid + ", " + set
+                    + ") failed with errno: " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void noteUidForeground(int uid, boolean uidForeground) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            final int set = uidForeground ? SET_FOREGROUND : SET_DEFAULT;
+            final int oldSet = mActiveUidCounterSet.get(uid, SET_DEFAULT);
+            if (oldSet != set) {
+                mActiveUidCounterSet.put(uid, set);
+                setKernelCounterSet(uid, set);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify {@code NetworkStatsService} about network status changed.
+     */
+    public void notifyNetworkStatus(
+            @NonNull Network[] defaultNetworks,
+            @NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot[] networkStates,
+            @Nullable String activeIface,
+            @NonNull UnderlyingNetworkInfo[] underlyingNetworkInfos) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            handleNotifyNetworkStatus(defaultNetworks, networkStates, activeIface);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+
+        // Update the VPN underlying interfaces only after the poll is made and tun data has been
+        // migrated. Otherwise the migration would use the new interfaces instead of the ones that
+        // were current when the polled data was transferred.
+        mStatsFactory.updateUnderlyingNetworkInfos(underlyingNetworkInfos);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void forceUpdate() {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            performPoll(FLAG_PERSIST_ALL);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Advise persistence threshold; may be overridden internally. */
+    public void advisePersistThreshold(long thresholdBytes) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        // clamp threshold into safe range
+        mPersistThreshold = NetworkStatsUtils.constrain(thresholdBytes,
+                128 * KB_IN_BYTES, 2 * MB_IN_BYTES);
+        if (LOGV) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "advisePersistThreshold() given " + thresholdBytes + ", clamped to "
+                    + mPersistThreshold);
+        }
+
+        final long oldGlobalAlertBytes = mGlobalAlertBytes;
+
+        // update and persist if beyond new thresholds
+        final long currentTime = mClock.millis();
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            if (!mSystemReady) return;
+
+            updatePersistThresholdsLocked();
+
+            mDevRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            mXtRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            mUidRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            mUidTagRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+        }
+
+        if (oldGlobalAlertBytes != mGlobalAlertBytes) {
+            registerGlobalAlert();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DataUsageRequest registerUsageCallback(@NonNull String callingPackage,
+                @NonNull DataUsageRequest request, @NonNull IUsageCallback callback) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callingPackage, "calling package is null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request, "DataUsageRequest is null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request.template, "NetworkTemplate is null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callback, "callback is null");
+
+        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel = checkAccessLevel(callingPackage);
+        DataUsageRequest normalizedRequest;
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            normalizedRequest = mStatsObservers.register(mContext,
+                    request, callback, callingUid, accessLevel);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+
+        // Create baseline stats
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_PERFORM_POLL));
+
+        return normalizedRequest;
+   }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterUsageRequest(DataUsageRequest request) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(request, "DataUsageRequest is null");
+
+        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            mStatsObservers.unregister(request, callingUid);
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getUidStats(int uid, int type) {
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        if (callingUid != android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID && callingUid != uid) {
+            return UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+        return nativeGetUidStat(uid, type);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getIfaceStats(@NonNull String iface, int type) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(iface);
+        long nativeIfaceStats = nativeGetIfaceStat(iface, type);
+        if (nativeIfaceStats == -1) {
+            return nativeIfaceStats;
+        } else {
+            // When tethering offload is in use, nativeIfaceStats does not contain usage from
+            // offload, add it back here. Note that the included statistics might be stale
+            // since polling newest stats from hardware might impact system health and not
+            // suitable for TrafficStats API use cases.
+            return nativeIfaceStats + getProviderIfaceStats(iface, type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getTotalStats(int type) {
+        long nativeTotalStats = nativeGetTotalStat(type);
+        if (nativeTotalStats == -1) {
+            return nativeTotalStats;
+        } else {
+            // Refer to comment in getIfaceStats
+            return nativeTotalStats + getProviderIfaceStats(IFACE_ALL, type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long getProviderIfaceStats(@Nullable String iface, int type) {
+        final NetworkStats providerSnapshot = getNetworkStatsFromProviders(STATS_PER_IFACE);
+        final HashSet<String> limitIfaces;
+        if (iface == IFACE_ALL) {
+            limitIfaces = null;
+        } else {
+            limitIfaces = new HashSet<>();
+            limitIfaces.add(iface);
+        }
+        final NetworkStats.Entry entry = providerSnapshot.getTotal(null, limitIfaces);
+        switch (type) {
+            case TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_BYTES:
+                return entry.rxBytes;
+            case TrafficStats.TYPE_RX_PACKETS:
+                return entry.rxPackets;
+            case TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_BYTES:
+                return entry.txBytes;
+            case TrafficStats.TYPE_TX_PACKETS:
+                return entry.txPackets;
+            default:
+                return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update {@link NetworkStatsRecorder} and {@link #mGlobalAlertBytes} to
+     * reflect current {@link #mPersistThreshold} value. Always defers to
+     * {@link Global} values when defined.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void updatePersistThresholdsLocked() {
+        mDevRecorder.setPersistThreshold(mSettings.getDevPersistBytes(mPersistThreshold));
+        mXtRecorder.setPersistThreshold(mSettings.getXtPersistBytes(mPersistThreshold));
+        mUidRecorder.setPersistThreshold(mSettings.getUidPersistBytes(mPersistThreshold));
+        mUidTagRecorder.setPersistThreshold(mSettings.getUidTagPersistBytes(mPersistThreshold));
+        mGlobalAlertBytes = mSettings.getGlobalAlertBytes(mPersistThreshold);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Listener that watches for {@link TetheringManager} to claim interface pairs.
+     */
+    private final TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback mTetherListener =
+            new TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback() {
+                @Override
+                public void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable Network network) {
+                    performPoll(FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK);
+                }
+            };
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver mPollReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            // on background handler thread, and verified UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS
+            // permission above.
+            performPoll(FLAG_PERSIST_ALL);
+
+            // verify that we're watching global alert
+            registerGlobalAlert();
+        }
+    };
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver mRemovedReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            // on background handler thread, and UID_REMOVED is protected
+            // broadcast.
+
+            final int uid = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_UID, -1);
+            if (uid == -1) return;
+
+            synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+                mWakeLock.acquire();
+                try {
+                    removeUidsLocked(uid);
+                } finally {
+                    mWakeLock.release();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver mUserReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            // On background handler thread, and USER_REMOVED is protected
+            // broadcast.
+
+            final UserHandle userHandle = intent.getParcelableExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER);
+            if (userHandle == null) return;
+
+            synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+                mWakeLock.acquire();
+                try {
+                    removeUserLocked(userHandle);
+                } finally {
+                    mWakeLock.release();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private BroadcastReceiver mShutdownReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            // SHUTDOWN is protected broadcast.
+            synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+                shutdownLocked();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Handle collapsed RAT type changed event.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public void handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged() {
+        // Protect service from frequently updating. Remove pending messages if any.
+        mHandler.removeMessages(MSG_NOTIFY_NETWORK_STATUS);
+        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_NOTIFY_NETWORK_STATUS), mSettings.getPollDelay());
+    }
+
+    private void handleNotifyNetworkStatus(
+            Network[] defaultNetworks,
+            NetworkStateSnapshot[] snapshots,
+            String activeIface) {
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            mWakeLock.acquire();
+            try {
+                mActiveIface = activeIface;
+                handleNotifyNetworkStatusLocked(defaultNetworks, snapshots);
+            } finally {
+                mWakeLock.release();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inspect all current {@link NetworkStateSnapshot}s to derive mapping from {@code iface} to
+     * {@link NetworkStatsHistory}. When multiple networks are active on a single {@code iface},
+     * they are combined under a single {@link NetworkIdentitySet}.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void handleNotifyNetworkStatusLocked(@NonNull Network[] defaultNetworks,
+            @NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot[] snapshots) {
+        if (!mSystemReady) return;
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "handleNotifyNetworkStatusLocked()");
+
+        // take one last stats snapshot before updating iface mapping. this
+        // isn't perfect, since the kernel may already be counting traffic from
+        // the updated network.
+
+        // poll, but only persist network stats to keep codepath fast. UID stats
+        // will be persisted during next alarm poll event.
+        performPollLocked(FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK);
+
+        // Rebuild active interfaces based on connected networks
+        mActiveIfaces.clear();
+        mActiveUidIfaces.clear();
+        // Update the list of default networks.
+        mDefaultNetworks = defaultNetworks;
+
+        mLastNetworkStateSnapshots = snapshots;
+
+        final boolean combineSubtypeEnabled = mSettings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled();
+        final ArraySet<String> mobileIfaces = new ArraySet<>();
+        final ArraySet<String> wifiIfaces = new ArraySet<>();
+        for (NetworkStateSnapshot snapshot : snapshots) {
+            final int displayTransport =
+                    getDisplayTransport(snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().getTransportTypes());
+            final boolean isMobile = (NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR == displayTransport);
+            final boolean isWifi = (NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI == displayTransport);
+            final boolean isDefault = CollectionUtils.contains(
+                    mDefaultNetworks, snapshot.getNetwork());
+            final int ratType = combineSubtypeEnabled ? NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL
+                    : getRatTypeForStateSnapshot(snapshot);
+            final NetworkIdentity ident = NetworkIdentity.buildNetworkIdentity(mContext, snapshot,
+                    isDefault, ratType);
+
+            // Traffic occurring on the base interface is always counted for
+            // both total usage and UID details.
+            final String baseIface = snapshot.getLinkProperties().getInterfaceName();
+            if (baseIface != null) {
+                findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveIfaces, baseIface).add(ident);
+                findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveUidIfaces, baseIface).add(ident);
+
+                // Build a separate virtual interface for VT (Video Telephony) data usage.
+                // Only do this when IMS is not metered, but VT is metered.
+                // If IMS is metered, then the IMS network usage has already included VT usage.
+                // VT is considered always metered in framework's layer. If VT is not metered
+                // per carrier's policy, modem will report 0 usage for VT calls.
+                if (snapshot.getNetworkCapabilities().hasCapability(
+                        NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_IMS) && !ident.isMetered()) {
+
+                    // Copy the identify from IMS one but mark it as metered.
+                    NetworkIdentity vtIdent = new NetworkIdentity.Builder()
+                            .setType(ident.getType())
+                            .setRatType(ident.getRatType())
+                            .setSubscriberId(ident.getSubscriberId())
+                            .setWifiNetworkKey(ident.getWifiNetworkKey())
+                            .setRoaming(ident.isRoaming()).setMetered(true)
+                            .setDefaultNetwork(true)
+                            .setOemManaged(ident.getOemManaged())
+                            .setSubId(ident.getSubId()).build();
+                    final String ifaceVt = IFACE_VT + getSubIdForMobile(snapshot);
+                    findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveIfaces, ifaceVt).add(vtIdent);
+                    findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveUidIfaces, ifaceVt).add(vtIdent);
+                }
+
+                if (isMobile) {
+                    mobileIfaces.add(baseIface);
+                }
+                if (isWifi) {
+                    wifiIfaces.add(baseIface);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Traffic occurring on stacked interfaces is usually clatd.
+            //
+            // UID stats are always counted on the stacked interface and never on the base
+            // interface, because the packets on the base interface do not actually match
+            // application sockets (they're not IPv4) and thus the app uid is not known.
+            // For receive this is obvious: packets must be translated from IPv6 to IPv4
+            // before the application socket can be found.
+            // For transmit: either they go through the clat daemon which by virtue of going
+            // through userspace strips the original socket association during the IPv4 to
+            // IPv6 translation process, or they are offloaded by eBPF, which doesn't:
+            // However, on an ebpf device the accounting is done in cgroup ebpf hooks,
+            // which don't trigger again post ebpf translation.
+            // (as such stats accounted to the clat uid are ignored)
+            //
+            // Interface stats are more complicated.
+            //
+            // eBPF offloaded 464xlat'ed packets never hit base interface ip6tables, and thus
+            // *all* statistics are collected by iptables on the stacked v4-* interface.
+            //
+            // Additionally for ingress all packets bound for the clat IPv6 address are dropped
+            // in ip6tables raw prerouting and thus even non-offloaded packets are only
+            // accounted for on the stacked interface.
+            //
+            // For egress, packets subject to eBPF offload never appear on the base interface
+            // and only appear on the stacked interface. Thus to ensure packets increment
+            // interface stats, we must collate data from stacked interfaces. For xt_qtaguid
+            // (or non eBPF offloaded) TX they would appear on both, however egress interface
+            // accounting is explicitly bypassed for traffic from the clat uid.
+            //
+            // TODO: This code might be combined to above code.
+            for (String iface : snapshot.getLinkProperties().getAllInterfaceNames()) {
+                // baseIface has been handled, so ignore it.
+                if (TextUtils.equals(baseIface, iface)) continue;
+                if (iface != null) {
+                    findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveIfaces, iface).add(ident);
+                    findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(mActiveUidIfaces, iface).add(ident);
+                    if (isMobile) {
+                        mobileIfaces.add(iface);
+                    }
+                    if (isWifi) {
+                        wifiIfaces.add(iface);
+                    }
+
+                    mStatsFactory.noteStackedIface(iface, baseIface);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        mMobileIfaces = mobileIfaces.toArray(new String[0]);
+        mWifiIfaces = wifiIfaces.toArray(new String[0]);
+        // TODO (b/192758557): Remove debug log.
+        if (CollectionUtils.contains(mMobileIfaces, null)) {
+            throw new NullPointerException(
+                    "null element in mMobileIfaces: " + Arrays.toString(mMobileIfaces));
+        }
+        if (CollectionUtils.contains(mWifiIfaces, null)) {
+            throw new NullPointerException(
+                    "null element in mWifiIfaces: " + Arrays.toString(mWifiIfaces));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int getSubIdForMobile(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot state) {
+        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Mobile state need capability TRANSPORT_CELLULAR");
+        }
+
+        final NetworkSpecifier spec = state.getNetworkCapabilities().getNetworkSpecifier();
+        if (spec instanceof TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) {
+             return ((TelephonyNetworkSpecifier) spec).getSubscriptionId();
+        } else {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "getSubIdForState invalid NetworkSpecifier");
+            return INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * For networks with {@code TRANSPORT_CELLULAR}, get ratType that was obtained through
+     * {@link PhoneStateListener}. Otherwise, return 0 given that other networks with different
+     * transport types do not actually fill this value.
+     */
+    private int getRatTypeForStateSnapshot(@NonNull NetworkStateSnapshot state) {
+        if (!state.getNetworkCapabilities().hasTransport(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(state.getSubscriberId());
+    }
+
+    private static <K> NetworkIdentitySet findOrCreateNetworkIdentitySet(
+            ArrayMap<K, NetworkIdentitySet> map, K key) {
+        NetworkIdentitySet ident = map.get(key);
+        if (ident == null) {
+            ident = new NetworkIdentitySet();
+            map.put(key, ident);
+        }
+        return ident;
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void recordSnapshotLocked(long currentTime) throws RemoteException {
+        // snapshot and record current counters; read UID stats first to
+        // avoid over counting dev stats.
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "snapshotUid");
+        final NetworkStats uidSnapshot = getNetworkStatsUidDetail(INTERFACES_ALL);
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "snapshotXt");
+        final NetworkStats xtSnapshot = readNetworkStatsSummaryXt();
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "snapshotDev");
+        final NetworkStats devSnapshot = readNetworkStatsSummaryDev();
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+
+        // Snapshot for dev/xt stats from all custom stats providers. Counts per-interface data
+        // from stats providers that isn't already counted by dev and XT stats.
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "snapshotStatsProvider");
+        final NetworkStats providersnapshot = getNetworkStatsFromProviders(STATS_PER_IFACE);
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+        xtSnapshot.combineAllValues(providersnapshot);
+        devSnapshot.combineAllValues(providersnapshot);
+
+        // For xt/dev, we pass a null VPN array because usage is aggregated by UID, so VPN traffic
+        // can't be reattributed to responsible apps.
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "recordDev");
+        mDevRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(devSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, currentTime);
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "recordXt");
+        mXtRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(xtSnapshot, mActiveIfaces, currentTime);
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+
+        // For per-UID stats, pass the VPN info so VPN traffic is reattributed to responsible apps.
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "recordUid");
+        mUidRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(uidSnapshot, mActiveUidIfaces, currentTime);
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "recordUidTag");
+        mUidTagRecorder.recordSnapshotLocked(uidSnapshot, mActiveUidIfaces, currentTime);
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+
+        // We need to make copies of member fields that are sent to the observer to avoid
+        // a race condition between the service handler thread and the observer's
+        mStatsObservers.updateStats(xtSnapshot, uidSnapshot, new ArrayMap<>(mActiveIfaces),
+                new ArrayMap<>(mActiveUidIfaces), currentTime);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Bootstrap initial stats snapshot, usually during {@link #systemReady()}
+     * so we have baseline values without double-counting.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void bootstrapStatsLocked() {
+        final long currentTime = mClock.millis();
+
+        try {
+            recordSnapshotLocked(currentTime);
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "problem reading network stats: " + e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // ignored; service lives in system_server
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void performPoll(int flags) {
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            mWakeLock.acquire();
+
+            try {
+                performPollLocked(flags);
+            } finally {
+                mWakeLock.release();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Periodic poll operation, reading current statistics and recording into
+     * {@link NetworkStatsHistory}.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void performPollLocked(int flags) {
+        if (!mSystemReady) return;
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "performPollLocked(flags=0x" + Integer.toHexString(flags) + ")");
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "performPollLocked");
+
+        final boolean persistNetwork = (flags & FLAG_PERSIST_NETWORK) != 0;
+        final boolean persistUid = (flags & FLAG_PERSIST_UID) != 0;
+        final boolean persistForce = (flags & FLAG_PERSIST_FORCE) != 0;
+
+        performPollFromProvidersLocked();
+
+        // TODO: consider marking "untrusted" times in historical stats
+        final long currentTime = mClock.millis();
+
+        try {
+            recordSnapshotLocked(currentTime);
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "problem reading network stats", e);
+            return;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // ignored; service lives in system_server
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // persist any pending data depending on requested flags
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "[persisting]");
+        if (persistForce) {
+            mDevRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            mXtRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            mUidRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            mUidTagRecorder.forcePersistLocked(currentTime);
+        } else {
+            if (persistNetwork) {
+                mDevRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+                mXtRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            }
+            if (persistUid) {
+                mUidRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+                mUidTagRecorder.maybePersistLocked(currentTime);
+            }
+        }
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+
+        if (mSettings.getSampleEnabled()) {
+            // sample stats after each full poll
+            performSampleLocked();
+        }
+
+        // finally, dispatch updated event to any listeners
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG_BROADCAST_NETWORK_STATS_UPDATED));
+
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void performPollFromProvidersLocked() {
+        // Request asynchronous stats update from all providers for next poll. And wait a bit of
+        // time to allow providers report-in given that normally binder call should be fast. Note
+        // that size of list might be changed because addition/removing at the same time. For
+        // addition, the stats of the missed provider can only be collected in next poll;
+        // for removal, wait might take up to MAX_STATS_PROVIDER_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS
+        // once that happened.
+        // TODO: request with a valid token.
+        Trace.traceBegin(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK, "provider.requestStatsUpdate");
+        final int registeredCallbackCount = mStatsProviderCbList.size();
+        mStatsProviderSem.drainPermits();
+        invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks(
+                (cb) -> cb.mProvider.onRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */));
+        try {
+            mStatsProviderSem.tryAcquire(registeredCallbackCount,
+                    MAX_STATS_PROVIDER_POLL_WAIT_TIME_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+            // Strictly speaking it's possible a provider happened to deliver between the timeout
+            // and the log, and that doesn't matter too much as this is just a debug log.
+            Log.d(TAG, "requestStatsUpdate - providers responded "
+                    + mStatsProviderSem.availablePermits()
+                    + "/" + registeredCallbackCount + " : " + e);
+        }
+        Trace.traceEnd(TRACE_TAG_NETWORK);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sample recent statistics summary into {@link EventLog}.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void performSampleLocked() {
+        // TODO: migrate trustedtime fixes to separate binary log events
+        final long currentTime = mClock.millis();
+
+        NetworkTemplate template;
+        NetworkStats.Entry devTotal;
+        NetworkStats.Entry xtTotal;
+        NetworkStats.Entry uidTotal;
+
+        // collect mobile sample
+        template = buildTemplateMobileWildcard();
+        devTotal = mDevRecorder.getTotalSinceBootLocked(template);
+        xtTotal = mXtRecorder.getTotalSinceBootLocked(template);
+        uidTotal = mUidRecorder.getTotalSinceBootLocked(template);
+
+        EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_TAG_NETSTATS_MOBILE_SAMPLE,
+                devTotal.rxBytes, devTotal.rxPackets, devTotal.txBytes, devTotal.txPackets,
+                xtTotal.rxBytes, xtTotal.rxPackets, xtTotal.txBytes, xtTotal.txPackets,
+                uidTotal.rxBytes, uidTotal.rxPackets, uidTotal.txBytes, uidTotal.txPackets,
+                currentTime);
+
+        // collect wifi sample
+        template = buildTemplateWifiWildcard();
+        devTotal = mDevRecorder.getTotalSinceBootLocked(template);
+        xtTotal = mXtRecorder.getTotalSinceBootLocked(template);
+        uidTotal = mUidRecorder.getTotalSinceBootLocked(template);
+
+        EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_TAG_NETSTATS_WIFI_SAMPLE,
+                devTotal.rxBytes, devTotal.rxPackets, devTotal.txBytes, devTotal.txPackets,
+                xtTotal.rxBytes, xtTotal.rxPackets, xtTotal.txBytes, xtTotal.txPackets,
+                uidTotal.rxBytes, uidTotal.rxPackets, uidTotal.txBytes, uidTotal.txPackets,
+                currentTime);
+    }
+
+    // deleteKernelTagData can ignore ENOENT; otherwise we should log an error
+    private void logErrorIfNotErrNoent(final ErrnoException e, final String msg) {
+        if (e.errno != ENOENT) Log.e(TAG, msg, e);
+    }
+
+    private <K extends StatsMapKey, V extends StatsMapValue> void deleteStatsMapTagData(
+            IBpfMap<K, V> statsMap, int uid) {
+        try {
+            statsMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
+                if (key.uid == uid) {
+                    try {
+                        statsMap.deleteEntry(key);
+                    } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                        logErrorIfNotErrNoent(e, "Failed to delete data(uid = " + key.uid + ")");
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "FAILED to delete tag data from stats map", e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes uid tag data from CookieTagMap, StatsMapA, StatsMapB, and UidStatsMap
+     * @param uid
+     */
+    private void deleteKernelTagData(int uid) {
+        try {
+            mCookieTagMap.forEach((key, value) -> {
+                // If SkDestroyListener deletes the socket tag while this code is running,
+                // forEach will either restart iteration from the beginning or return null,
+                // depending on when the deletion happens.
+                // If it returns null, continue iteration to delete the data and in fact it would
+                // just iterate from first key because BpfMap#getNextKey would return first key
+                // if the current key is not exist.
+                if (value != null && value.uid == uid) {
+                    try {
+                        mCookieTagMap.deleteEntry(key);
+                    } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+                        logErrorIfNotErrNoent(e, "Failed to delete data(cookie = " + key + ")");
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to delete tag data from cookie tag map", e);
+        }
+
+        deleteStatsMapTagData(mStatsMapA, uid);
+        deleteStatsMapTagData(mStatsMapB, uid);
+
+        try {
+            mUidCounterSetMap.deleteEntry(new U32(uid));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            logErrorIfNotErrNoent(e, "Failed to delete tag data from uid counter set map");
+        }
+
+        try {
+            mAppUidStatsMap.deleteEntry(new UidStatsMapKey(uid));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            logErrorIfNotErrNoent(e, "Failed to delete tag data from app uid stats map");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clean up {@link #mUidRecorder} after UID is removed.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void removeUidsLocked(int... uids) {
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "removeUidsLocked() for UIDs " + Arrays.toString(uids));
+
+        // Perform one last poll before removing
+        performPollLocked(FLAG_PERSIST_ALL);
+
+        mUidRecorder.removeUidsLocked(uids);
+        mUidTagRecorder.removeUidsLocked(uids);
+
+        // Clear kernel stats associated with UID
+        for (int uid : uids) {
+            deleteKernelTagData(uid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Clean up {@link #mUidRecorder} after user is removed.
+     */
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void removeUserLocked(@NonNull UserHandle userHandle) {
+        if (LOGV) Log.v(TAG, "removeUserLocked() for UserHandle=" + userHandle);
+
+        // Build list of UIDs that we should clean up
+        final ArrayList<Integer> uids = new ArrayList<>();
+        final List<ApplicationInfo> apps = mContext.getPackageManager().getInstalledApplications(
+                PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER
+                | PackageManager.MATCH_DISABLED_COMPONENTS);
+        for (ApplicationInfo app : apps) {
+            final int uid = userHandle.getUid(app.uid);
+            uids.add(uid);
+        }
+
+        removeUidsLocked(CollectionUtils.toIntArray(uids));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the warning and limit to all registered custom network stats providers.
+     * Note that invocation of any interface will be sent to all providers.
+     */
+    public void setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync(
+            @NonNull String iface, long warning, long limit) {
+        PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission(mContext);
+        if (LOGV) {
+            Log.v(TAG, "setStatsProviderWarningAndLimitAsync("
+                    + iface + "," + warning + "," + limit + ")");
+        }
+        invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks((cb) -> cb.mProvider.onSetWarningAndLimit(iface,
+                warning, limit));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter rawWriter, String[] args) {
+        if (!PermissionUtils.checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, rawWriter)) return;
+
+        long duration = DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
+        final HashSet<String> argSet = new HashSet<String>();
+        for (String arg : args) {
+            argSet.add(arg);
+
+            if (arg.startsWith("--duration=")) {
+                try {
+                    duration = Long.parseLong(arg.substring(11));
+                } catch (NumberFormatException ignored) {
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // usage: dumpsys netstats --full --uid --tag --poll --checkin
+        final boolean poll = argSet.contains("--poll") || argSet.contains("poll");
+        final boolean checkin = argSet.contains("--checkin");
+        final boolean fullHistory = argSet.contains("--full") || argSet.contains("full");
+        final boolean includeUid = argSet.contains("--uid") || argSet.contains("detail");
+        final boolean includeTag = argSet.contains("--tag") || argSet.contains("detail");
+
+        final IndentingPrintWriter pw = new IndentingPrintWriter(rawWriter, "  ");
+
+        synchronized (mStatsLock) {
+            if (args.length > 0 && "--proto".equals(args[0])) {
+                // In this case ignore all other arguments.
+                dumpProtoLocked(fd);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (poll) {
+                performPollLocked(FLAG_PERSIST_ALL | FLAG_PERSIST_FORCE);
+                pw.println("Forced poll");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (checkin) {
+                final long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                final long start = end - duration;
+
+                pw.print("v1,");
+                pw.print(start / SECOND_IN_MILLIS); pw.print(',');
+                pw.print(end / SECOND_IN_MILLIS); pw.println();
+
+                pw.println("xt");
+                mXtRecorder.dumpCheckin(rawWriter, start, end);
+
+                if (includeUid) {
+                    pw.println("uid");
+                    mUidRecorder.dumpCheckin(rawWriter, start, end);
+                }
+                if (includeTag) {
+                    pw.println("tag");
+                    mUidTagRecorder.dumpCheckin(rawWriter, start, end);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            pw.println("Configs:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            pw.print(NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED, mSettings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled());
+            pw.println();
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println("Active interfaces:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            for (int i = 0; i < mActiveIfaces.size(); i++) {
+                pw.print("iface", mActiveIfaces.keyAt(i));
+                pw.print("ident", mActiveIfaces.valueAt(i));
+                pw.println();
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println("Active UID interfaces:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            for (int i = 0; i < mActiveUidIfaces.size(); i++) {
+                pw.print("iface", mActiveUidIfaces.keyAt(i));
+                pw.print("ident", mActiveUidIfaces.valueAt(i));
+                pw.println();
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            // Get the top openSession callers
+            final SparseIntArray calls;
+            synchronized (mOpenSessionCallsPerUid) {
+                calls = mOpenSessionCallsPerUid.clone();
+            }
+
+            final int N = calls.size();
+            final long[] values = new long[N];
+            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
+                values[j] = ((long) calls.valueAt(j) << 32) | calls.keyAt(j);
+            }
+            Arrays.sort(values);
+
+            pw.println("Top openSession callers (uid=count):");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            final int end = Math.max(0, N - DUMP_STATS_SESSION_COUNT);
+            for (int j = N - 1; j >= end; j--) {
+                final int uid = (int) (values[j] & 0xffffffff);
+                final int count = (int) (values[j] >> 32);
+                pw.print(uid); pw.print("="); pw.println(count);
+            }
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+            pw.println();
+
+            pw.println("Stats Providers:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks((cb) -> {
+                pw.println(cb.mTag + " Xt:");
+                pw.increaseIndent();
+                pw.print(cb.getCachedStats(STATS_PER_IFACE).toString());
+                pw.decreaseIndent();
+                if (includeUid) {
+                    pw.println(cb.mTag + " Uid:");
+                    pw.increaseIndent();
+                    pw.print(cb.getCachedStats(STATS_PER_UID).toString());
+                    pw.decreaseIndent();
+                }
+            });
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println("Dev stats:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mDevRecorder.dumpLocked(pw, fullHistory);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            pw.println("Xt stats:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+            mXtRecorder.dumpLocked(pw, fullHistory);
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
+
+            if (includeUid) {
+                pw.println("UID stats:");
+                pw.increaseIndent();
+                mUidRecorder.dumpLocked(pw, fullHistory);
+                pw.decreaseIndent();
+            }
+
+            if (includeTag) {
+                pw.println("UID tag stats:");
+                pw.increaseIndent();
+                mUidTagRecorder.dumpLocked(pw, fullHistory);
+                pw.decreaseIndent();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("mStatsLock")
+    private void dumpProtoLocked(FileDescriptor fd) {
+        final ProtoOutputStream proto = new ProtoOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(fd));
+
+        // TODO Right now it writes all history.  Should it limit to the "since-boot" log?
+
+        dumpInterfaces(proto, NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto.ACTIVE_INTERFACES,
+                mActiveIfaces);
+        dumpInterfaces(proto, NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto.ACTIVE_UID_INTERFACES,
+                mActiveUidIfaces);
+        mDevRecorder.dumpDebugLocked(proto, NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto.DEV_STATS);
+        mXtRecorder.dumpDebugLocked(proto, NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto.XT_STATS);
+        mUidRecorder.dumpDebugLocked(proto, NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto.UID_STATS);
+        mUidTagRecorder.dumpDebugLocked(proto,
+                NetworkStatsServiceDumpProto.UID_TAG_STATS);
+
+        proto.flush();
+    }
+
+    private static void dumpInterfaces(ProtoOutputStream proto, long tag,
+            ArrayMap<String, NetworkIdentitySet> ifaces) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < ifaces.size(); i++) {
+            final long start = proto.start(tag);
+
+            proto.write(NetworkInterfaceProto.INTERFACE, ifaces.keyAt(i));
+            ifaces.valueAt(i).dumpDebug(proto, NetworkInterfaceProto.IDENTITIES);
+
+            proto.end(start);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats readNetworkStatsSummaryDev() {
+        try {
+            return mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryDev();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats readNetworkStatsSummaryXt() {
+        try {
+            return mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsSummaryXt();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private NetworkStats readNetworkStatsUidDetail(int uid, String[] ifaces, int tag) {
+        try {
+            return mStatsFactory.readNetworkStatsDetail(uid, ifaces, tag);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return snapshot of current UID statistics, including any
+     * {@link TrafficStats#UID_TETHERING}, video calling data usage, and {@link #mUidOperations}
+     * values.
+     *
+     * @param ifaces A list of interfaces the stats should be restricted to, or
+     *               {@link NetworkStats#INTERFACES_ALL}.
+     */
+    private NetworkStats getNetworkStatsUidDetail(String[] ifaces)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        final NetworkStats uidSnapshot = readNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL,  ifaces, TAG_ALL);
+
+        // fold tethering stats and operations into uid snapshot
+        final NetworkStats tetherSnapshot = getNetworkStatsTethering(STATS_PER_UID);
+        tetherSnapshot.filter(UID_ALL, ifaces, TAG_ALL);
+        mStatsFactory.apply464xlatAdjustments(uidSnapshot, tetherSnapshot);
+        uidSnapshot.combineAllValues(tetherSnapshot);
+
+        // get a stale copy of uid stats snapshot provided by providers.
+        final NetworkStats providerStats = getNetworkStatsFromProviders(STATS_PER_UID);
+        providerStats.filter(UID_ALL, ifaces, TAG_ALL);
+        mStatsFactory.apply464xlatAdjustments(uidSnapshot, providerStats);
+        uidSnapshot.combineAllValues(providerStats);
+
+        uidSnapshot.combineAllValues(mUidOperations);
+
+        return uidSnapshot;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return snapshot of current non-offloaded tethering statistics. Will return empty
+     * {@link NetworkStats} if any problems are encountered, or queried by {@code STATS_PER_IFACE}
+     * since it is already included by {@link #nativeGetIfaceStat}.
+     * See {@code OffloadTetheringStatsProvider} for offloaded tethering stats.
+     */
+    // TODO: Remove this by implementing {@link NetworkStatsProvider} for non-offloaded
+    //  tethering stats.
+    private @NonNull NetworkStats getNetworkStatsTethering(int how) throws RemoteException {
+         // We only need to return per-UID stats. Per-device stats are already counted by
+        // interface counters.
+        if (how != STATS_PER_UID) {
+            return new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 0);
+        }
+
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(), 1);
+        try {
+            final TetherStatsParcel[] tetherStatsParcels = mNetd.tetherGetStats();
+            for (TetherStatsParcel tetherStats : tetherStatsParcels) {
+                try {
+                    stats.combineValues(new NetworkStats.Entry(tetherStats.iface, UID_TETHERING,
+                            SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, tetherStats.rxBytes, tetherStats.rxPackets,
+                            tetherStats.txBytes, tetherStats.txPackets, 0L));
+                } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                    throw new IllegalStateException("invalid tethering stats " + e);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "problem reading network stats", e);
+        }
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: It is copied from ConnectivityService, consider refactor these check permission
+    //  functions to a proper util.
+    private boolean checkAnyPermissionOf(String... permissions) {
+        for (String permission : permissions) {
+            if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) == PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    private void enforceAnyPermissionOf(String... permissions) {
+        if (!checkAnyPermissionOf(permissions)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Requires one of the following permissions: "
+                    + String.join(", ", permissions) + ".");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a custom provider of {@link android.net.NetworkStats} to combine the network
+     * statistics that cannot be seen by the kernel to system. To unregister, invoke the
+     * {@code unregister()} of the returned callback.
+     *
+     * @param tag a human readable identifier of the custom network stats provider.
+     * @param provider the {@link INetworkStatsProvider} binder corresponding to the
+     *                 {@link NetworkStatsProvider} to be registered.
+     *
+     * @return a {@link INetworkStatsProviderCallback} binder
+     *         interface, which can be used to report events to the system.
+     */
+    public @NonNull INetworkStatsProviderCallback registerNetworkStatsProvider(
+            @NonNull String tag, @NonNull INetworkStatsProvider provider) {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER,
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+        Objects.requireNonNull(provider, "provider is null");
+        Objects.requireNonNull(tag, "tag is null");
+        final NetworkPolicyManager netPolicyManager = mContext
+                .getSystemService(NetworkPolicyManager.class);
+        try {
+            NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl callback = new NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl(
+                    tag, provider, mStatsProviderSem, mAlertObserver,
+                    mStatsProviderCbList, netPolicyManager);
+            mStatsProviderCbList.add(callback);
+            Log.d(TAG, "registerNetworkStatsProvider from " + callback.mTag + " uid/pid="
+                    + getCallingUid() + "/" + getCallingPid());
+            return callback;
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "registerNetworkStatsProvider failed", e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    // Collect stats from local cache of providers.
+    private @NonNull NetworkStats getNetworkStatsFromProviders(int how) {
+        final NetworkStats ret = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+        invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks((cb) -> ret.combineAllValues(cb.getCachedStats(how)));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    @FunctionalInterface
+    private interface ThrowingConsumer<S, T extends Throwable> {
+        void accept(S s) throws T;
+    }
+
+    private void invokeForAllStatsProviderCallbacks(
+            @NonNull ThrowingConsumer<NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl, RemoteException> task) {
+        for (final NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl cb : mStatsProviderCbList) {
+            try {
+                task.accept(cb);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "Fail to broadcast to provider: " + cb.mTag, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl extends INetworkStatsProviderCallback.Stub
+            implements IBinder.DeathRecipient {
+        @NonNull final String mTag;
+
+        @NonNull final INetworkStatsProvider mProvider;
+        @NonNull private final Semaphore mSemaphore;
+        @NonNull final AlertObserver mAlertObserver;
+        @NonNull final CopyOnWriteArrayList<NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl> mStatsProviderCbList;
+        @NonNull final NetworkPolicyManager mNetworkPolicyManager;
+
+        @NonNull private final Object mProviderStatsLock = new Object();
+
+        @GuardedBy("mProviderStatsLock")
+        // Track STATS_PER_IFACE and STATS_PER_UID separately.
+        private final NetworkStats mIfaceStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+        @GuardedBy("mProviderStatsLock")
+        private final NetworkStats mUidStats = new NetworkStats(0L, 0);
+
+        NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl(
+                @NonNull String tag, @NonNull INetworkStatsProvider provider,
+                @NonNull Semaphore semaphore,
+                @NonNull AlertObserver alertObserver,
+                @NonNull CopyOnWriteArrayList<NetworkStatsProviderCallbackImpl> cbList,
+                @NonNull NetworkPolicyManager networkPolicyManager)
+                throws RemoteException {
+            mTag = tag;
+            mProvider = provider;
+            mProvider.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            mSemaphore = semaphore;
+            mAlertObserver = alertObserver;
+            mStatsProviderCbList = cbList;
+            mNetworkPolicyManager = networkPolicyManager;
+        }
+
+        @NonNull
+        public NetworkStats getCachedStats(int how) {
+            synchronized (mProviderStatsLock) {
+                NetworkStats stats;
+                switch (how) {
+                    case STATS_PER_IFACE:
+                        stats = mIfaceStats;
+                        break;
+                    case STATS_PER_UID:
+                        stats = mUidStats;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid type: " + how);
+                }
+                // Callers might be able to mutate the returned object. Return a defensive copy
+                // instead of local reference.
+                return stats.clone();
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyStatsUpdated(int token, @Nullable NetworkStats ifaceStats,
+                @Nullable NetworkStats uidStats) {
+            // TODO: 1. Use token to map ifaces to correct NetworkIdentity.
+            //       2. Store the difference and store it directly to the recorder.
+            synchronized (mProviderStatsLock) {
+                if (ifaceStats != null) mIfaceStats.combineAllValues(ifaceStats);
+                if (uidStats != null) mUidStats.combineAllValues(uidStats);
+            }
+            mSemaphore.release();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyAlertReached() throws RemoteException {
+            // This binder object can only have been obtained by a process that holds
+            // NETWORK_STATS_PROVIDER. Thus, no additional permission check is required.
+            BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(() ->
+                    mAlertObserver.onQuotaLimitReached(LIMIT_GLOBAL_ALERT, null /* unused */));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyWarningReached() {
+            Log.d(TAG, mTag + ": notifyWarningReached");
+            BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(() ->
+                    mNetworkPolicyManager.notifyStatsProviderWarningReached());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void notifyLimitReached() {
+            Log.d(TAG, mTag + ": notifyLimitReached");
+            BinderUtils.withCleanCallingIdentity(() ->
+                    mNetworkPolicyManager.notifyStatsProviderLimitReached());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            Log.d(TAG, mTag + ": binderDied");
+            mStatsProviderCbList.remove(this);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void unregister() {
+            Log.d(TAG, mTag + ": unregister");
+            mStatsProviderCbList.remove(this);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    private void assertSystemReady() {
+        if (!mSystemReady) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("System not ready");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class DropBoxNonMonotonicObserver implements NonMonotonicObserver<String> {
+        @Override
+        public void foundNonMonotonic(NetworkStats left, int leftIndex, NetworkStats right,
+                int rightIndex, String cookie) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Found non-monotonic values; saving to dropbox");
+
+            // record error for debugging
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.append("found non-monotonic " + cookie + " values at left[" + leftIndex
+                    + "] - right[" + rightIndex + "]\n");
+            builder.append("left=").append(left).append('\n');
+            builder.append("right=").append(right).append('\n');
+
+            mContext.getSystemService(DropBoxManager.class).addText(TAG_NETSTATS_ERROR,
+                    builder.toString());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void foundNonMonotonic(
+                NetworkStats stats, int statsIndex, String cookie) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Found non-monotonic values; saving to dropbox");
+
+            final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+            builder.append("Found non-monotonic " + cookie + " values at [" + statsIndex + "]\n");
+            builder.append("stats=").append(stats).append('\n');
+
+            mContext.getSystemService(DropBoxManager.class).addText(TAG_NETSTATS_ERROR,
+                    builder.toString());
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Default external settings that read from
+     * {@link android.provider.Settings.Global}.
+     */
+    private static class DefaultNetworkStatsSettings implements NetworkStatsSettings {
+        DefaultNetworkStatsSettings() {}
+
+        @Override
+        public long getPollInterval() {
+            return 30 * MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public long getPollDelay() {
+            return DEFAULT_PERFORM_POLL_DELAY_MS;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public long getGlobalAlertBytes(long def) {
+            return def;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public boolean getSampleEnabled() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public boolean getAugmentEnabled() {
+            return true;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public boolean getCombineSubtypeEnabled() {
+            return false;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public Config getDevConfig() {
+            return new Config(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 15 * DAY_IN_MILLIS, 90 * DAY_IN_MILLIS);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public Config getXtConfig() {
+            return getDevConfig();
+        }
+        @Override
+        public Config getUidConfig() {
+            return new Config(2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 15 * DAY_IN_MILLIS, 90 * DAY_IN_MILLIS);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public Config getUidTagConfig() {
+            return new Config(2 * HOUR_IN_MILLIS, 5 * DAY_IN_MILLIS, 15 * DAY_IN_MILLIS);
+        }
+        @Override
+        public long getDevPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return def;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public long getXtPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return def;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public long getUidPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return def;
+        }
+        @Override
+        public long getUidTagPersistBytes(long def) {
+            return def;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static native long nativeGetTotalStat(int type);
+    private static native long nativeGetIfaceStat(String iface, int type);
+    private static native long nativeGetUidStat(int uid, int type);
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ccd20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA;
+import static android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager.getCollapsedRatType;
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo.OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_ADVANCED;
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo.OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA;
+import static android.telephony.TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyCallback;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyDisplayInfo;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.Pair;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Helper class that watches for events that are triggered per subscription.
+ */
+@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
+public class NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor extends
+        SubscriptionManager.OnSubscriptionsChangedListener {
+
+    /**
+     * Interface that this monitor uses to delegate event handling to NetworkStatsService.
+     */
+    public interface Delegate {
+        /**
+         * Notify that the collapsed RAT type has been changed for any subscription. The method
+         * will also be triggered for any existing sub when start and stop monitoring.
+         *
+         * @param subscriberId IMSI of the subscription.
+         * @param collapsedRatType collapsed RAT type.
+         *                     @see android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager#getCollapsedRatType(int).
+         */
+        void onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(@NonNull String subscriberId, int collapsedRatType);
+    }
+    private final Delegate mDelegate;
+
+    /**
+     * Receivers that watches for {@link TelephonyDisplayInfo} changes for each subscription, to
+     * monitor the transitioning between Radio Access Technology(RAT) types for each sub.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private final CopyOnWriteArrayList<RatTypeListener> mRatListeners =
+            new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    @NonNull
+    private final TelephonyManager mTeleManager;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private final Executor mExecutor;
+
+    NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor(@NonNull Context context,
+            @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull Delegate delegate) {
+        super();
+        mSubscriptionManager = (SubscriptionManager) context.getSystemService(
+                Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE);
+        mTeleManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
+        mExecutor = executor;
+        mDelegate = delegate;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onSubscriptionsChanged() {
+        // Collect active subId list, hidden subId such as opportunistic subscriptions are
+        // also needed to track CBRS.
+        final List<Integer> newSubs = getActiveSubIdList(mSubscriptionManager);
+
+        // IMSI is needed for every newly added sub. Listener stores subscriberId into it to
+        // prevent binder call to telephony when querying RAT. Keep listener registration with empty
+        // IMSI is meaningless since the RAT type changed is ambiguous for multi-SIM if reported
+        // with empty IMSI. So filter the subs w/o a valid IMSI to prevent such registration.
+        final List<Pair<Integer, String>> filteredNewSubs = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (final int subId : newSubs) {
+            final String subscriberId =
+                    mTeleManager.createForSubscriptionId(subId).getSubscriberId();
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(subscriberId)) {
+                filteredNewSubs.add(new Pair(subId, subscriberId));
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (final Pair<Integer, String> sub : filteredNewSubs) {
+            // Fully match listener with subId and IMSI, since in some rare cases, IMSI might be
+            // suddenly change regardless of subId, such as switch IMSI feature in modem side.
+            // If that happens, register new listener with new IMSI and remove old one later.
+            if (CollectionUtils.any(mRatListeners, it -> it.equalsKey(sub.first, sub.second))) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            final RatTypeListener listener = new RatTypeListener(this, sub.first, sub.second);
+            mRatListeners.add(listener);
+
+            // Register listener to the telephony manager that associated with specific sub.
+            mTeleManager.createForSubscriptionId(sub.first)
+                    .registerTelephonyCallback(mExecutor, listener);
+            Log.d(NetworkStatsService.TAG, "RAT type listener registered for sub " + sub.first);
+        }
+
+        for (final RatTypeListener listener : new ArrayList<>(mRatListeners)) {
+            // If there is no subId and IMSI matched the listener, removes it.
+            if (!CollectionUtils.any(filteredNewSubs,
+                    it -> listener.equalsKey(it.first, it.second))) {
+                handleRemoveRatTypeListener(listener);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private List<Integer> getActiveSubIdList(@NonNull SubscriptionManager subscriptionManager) {
+        final ArrayList<Integer> ret = new ArrayList<>();
+        final int[] ids = subscriptionManager.getCompleteActiveSubscriptionIdList();
+        for (int id : ids) ret.add(id);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a collapsed RatType for the given subscriberId.
+     *
+     * @param subscriberId the target subscriberId
+     * @return collapsed RatType for the given subscriberId
+     */
+    public int getRatTypeForSubscriberId(@NonNull String subscriberId) {
+        final int index = CollectionUtils.indexOf(mRatListeners,
+                it -> TextUtils.equals(subscriberId, it.mSubscriberId));
+        return index != -1 ? mRatListeners.get(index).mLastCollapsedRatType
+                : TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start monitoring events that triggered per subscription.
+     */
+    public void start() {
+        mSubscriptionManager.addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mExecutor, this);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister subscription changes and all listeners for each subscription.
+     */
+    public void stop() {
+        mSubscriptionManager.removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(this);
+
+        for (final RatTypeListener listener : new ArrayList<>(mRatListeners)) {
+            handleRemoveRatTypeListener(listener);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleRemoveRatTypeListener(@NonNull RatTypeListener listener) {
+        mTeleManager.createForSubscriptionId(listener.mSubId)
+                .unregisterTelephonyCallback(listener);
+        Log.d(NetworkStatsService.TAG, "RAT type listener unregistered for sub " + listener.mSubId);
+        mRatListeners.remove(listener);
+
+        // Removal of subscriptions doesn't generate RAT changed event, fire it for every
+        // RatTypeListener.
+        mDelegate.onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(
+                listener.mSubscriberId, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    static class RatTypeListener extends TelephonyCallback
+            implements TelephonyCallback.DisplayInfoListener {
+        // Unique id for the subscription. See {@link SubscriptionInfo#getSubscriptionId}.
+        @NonNull
+        private final int mSubId;
+
+        // IMSI to identifying the corresponding network from {@link NetworkState}.
+        // See {@link TelephonyManager#getSubscriberId}.
+        @NonNull
+        private final String mSubscriberId;
+
+        private volatile int mLastCollapsedRatType = TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        @NonNull
+        private final NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mMonitor;
+
+        RatTypeListener(@NonNull NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor monitor, int subId,
+                @NonNull String subscriberId) {
+            mSubId = subId;
+            mSubscriberId = subscriberId;
+            mMonitor = monitor;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onDisplayInfoChanged(TelephonyDisplayInfo displayInfo) {
+            // In 5G SA (Stand Alone) mode, the primary cell itself will be 5G hence telephony
+            // would report RAT = 5G_NR.
+            // However, in 5G NSA (Non Stand Alone) mode, the primary cell is still LTE and
+            // network allocates a secondary 5G cell so telephony reports RAT = LTE along with
+            // NR state as connected. In such case, attributes the data usage to NR.
+            // See b/160727498.
+            final boolean is5GNsa = displayInfo.getNetworkType() == NETWORK_TYPE_LTE
+                    && (displayInfo.getOverrideNetworkType() == OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_NSA
+                    || displayInfo.getOverrideNetworkType() == OVERRIDE_NETWORK_TYPE_NR_ADVANCED);
+
+            final int networkType =
+                    (is5GNsa ? NETWORK_TYPE_5G_NSA : displayInfo.getNetworkType());
+            final int collapsedRatType = getCollapsedRatType(networkType);
+            if (collapsedRatType == mLastCollapsedRatType) return;
+
+            if (NetworkStatsService.LOGD) {
+                Log.d(NetworkStatsService.TAG, "subtype changed for sub(" + mSubId + "): "
+                        + mLastCollapsedRatType + " -> " + collapsedRatType);
+            }
+            mLastCollapsedRatType = collapsedRatType;
+            mMonitor.mDelegate.onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(mSubscriberId, mLastCollapsedRatType);
+        }
+
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public int getSubId() {
+            return mSubId;
+        }
+
+        boolean equalsKey(int subId, @NonNull String subscriberId) {
+            return mSubId == subId && TextUtils.equals(mSubscriberId, subscriberId);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea8d836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapKey.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Key for both stats maps.
+ */
+public class StatsMapKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long uid;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long tag;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long counterSet;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long ifaceIndex;
+
+    public StatsMapKey(final long uid, final long tag, final long counterSet,
+            final long ifaceIndex) {
+        this.uid = uid;
+        this.tag = tag;
+        this.counterSet = counterSet;
+        this.ifaceIndex = ifaceIndex;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapValue.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48f26ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/StatsMapValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
+
+/**
+ * Value used for both stats maps and uid stats map.
+ */
+public class StatsMapValue extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxPackets;
+
+    @Field(order = 1, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long rxBytes;
+
+    @Field(order = 2, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txPackets;
+
+    @Field(order = 3, type = Type.U63)
+    public final long txBytes;
+
+    public StatsMapValue(final long rxPackets, final long rxBytes, final long txPackets,
+            final long txBytes) {
+        this.rxPackets = rxPackets;
+        this.rxBytes = rxBytes;
+        this.txPackets = txPackets;
+        this.txBytes = txBytes;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/ReflectionException.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
similarity index 62%
copy from nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/ReflectionException.java
copy to service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
index 959fd11..2849f94 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/multidevices/clients/test_support/fastpair_provider/src/android/nearby/fastpair/provider/utils/ReflectionException.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/UidStatsMapKey.java
@@ -14,14 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.nearby.fastpair.provider.utils;
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Field;
+import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.Type;
 
 /**
- * An exception thrown during a reflection operation. Like ReflectiveOperationException, except
- * compatible on older API versions.
+ * Key for uid stats map.
  */
-public final class ReflectionException extends Exception {
-    public ReflectionException(Throwable cause) {
-        super(cause.getMessage(), cause);
+public class UidStatsMapKey extends Struct {
+    @Field(order = 0, type = Type.U32)
+    public final long uid;
+
+    public UidStatsMapKey(final long uid) {
+        this.uid = uid;
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index ab5f5d3..0528f29 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_LOCKDOWN_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.BLOCKED_REASON_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
@@ -2235,6 +2238,13 @@
                 callingAttributionTag);
     }
 
+    private void redactUnderlyingNetworksForCapabilities(NetworkCapabilities nc, int pid, int uid) {
+        if (nc.getUnderlyingNetworks() != null
+                && !checkNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission(pid, uid)) {
+            nc.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
+        }
+    }
+
     @VisibleForTesting
     NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilitiesRestrictedForCallerPermissions(
             NetworkCapabilities nc, int callerPid, int callerUid) {
@@ -2247,8 +2257,6 @@
         if (!checkSettingsPermission(callerPid, callerUid)) {
             newNc.setUids(null);
             newNc.setSSID(null);
-            // TODO: Processes holding NETWORK_FACTORY should be able to see the underlying networks
-            newNc.setUnderlyingNetworks(null);
         }
         if (newNc.getNetworkSpecifier() != null) {
             newNc.setNetworkSpecifier(newNc.getNetworkSpecifier().redact());
@@ -2262,6 +2270,7 @@
             newNc.setAllowedUids(new ArraySet<>());
             newNc.setSubscriptionIds(Collections.emptySet());
         }
+        redactUnderlyingNetworksForCapabilities(newNc, callerPid, callerUid);
 
         return newNc;
     }
@@ -2874,6 +2883,15 @@
                 NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
+    private boolean checkNetworkFactoryOrSettingsPermission(int pid, int uid) {
+        return PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY, pid, uid)
+                || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, pid, uid)
+                || PERMISSION_GRANTED == mContext.checkPermission(
+                NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, pid, uid);
+    }
+
     private boolean checkSettingsPermission() {
         return checkAnyPermissionOf(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
@@ -11218,17 +11236,43 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void updateFirewallRule(final int chain, final int uid, final boolean allow) {
+    public void setUidFirewallRule(final int chain, final int uid, final int rule) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
 
+        // There are only two type of firewall rule: FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW or FIREWALL_RULE_DENY
+        int firewallRule = getFirewallRuleType(chain, rule);
+
+        if (firewallRule != FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW && firewallRule != FIREWALL_RULE_DENY) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("setUidFirewallRule with invalid rule: " + rule);
+        }
+
         try {
-            mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(chain, uid,
-                    allow ? INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW : INetd.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);
+            mBpfNetMaps.setUidRule(chain, uid, firewallRule);
         } catch (ServiceSpecificException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException(e);
         }
     }
 
+    private int getFirewallRuleType(int chain, int rule) {
+        final int defaultRule;
+        switch (chain) {
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_STANDBY:
+                defaultRule = FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
+                break;
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_DOZABLE:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_POWERSAVE:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_RESTRICTED:
+            case ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_CHAIN_LOW_POWER_STANDBY:
+                defaultRule = FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported firewall chain: " + chain);
+        }
+        if (rule == FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT) rule = defaultRule;
+
+        return rule;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void setFirewallChainEnabled(final int chain, final boolean enable) {
         enforceNetworkStackOrSettingsPermission();
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
index 43cfc8f..53b276e 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/DscpPolicyTracker.java
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
-import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_DELETED;
-import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
-import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND;
-import static android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_SUCCESS;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@
         // the maximum number of policies then return INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES.
         final int existingIndex = mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.get(policy.getPolicyId(), -1);
         if (existingIndex == -1 && mPolicyIdToBpfMapIndex.size() >= MAX_POLICIES) {
-            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
+            return DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
         }
 
         // Currently all classifiers are supported, if any are removed return
-        // STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
-        // and for any other generic error STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED
+        // DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUESTED_CLASSIFIER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+        // and for any other generic error DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_REQUEST_DECLINED
 
         int addIndex = 0;
         // If a policy with a matching ID exists, replace it, otherwise use the next free
@@ -154,24 +154,25 @@
             }
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to insert policy into map: ", e);
-            return STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
+            return DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES;
         }
 
-        return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+        return DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS;
     }
 
     /**
      * Add the provided DSCP policy to the bpf map. Attach bpf program dscp_policy to iface
      * if not already attached. Response will be sent back to nai with status.
      *
-     * STATUS_SUCCESS - if policy was added successfully
-     * STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES - if max policies were already set
+     * DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS - if policy was added successfully
+     * DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES - if max policies were already set
      */
     public void addDscpPolicy(NetworkAgentInfo nai, DscpPolicy policy) {
         if (!mAttachedIfaces.contains(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
             if (!attachProgram(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Unable to attach program");
-                sendStatus(nai, policy.getPolicyId(), STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES);
+                sendStatus(nai, policy.getPolicyId(),
+                        DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_PROCESSING_RESOURCES);
                 return;
             }
         }
@@ -181,11 +182,11 @@
     }
 
     private void removePolicyFromMap(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int policyId, int index) {
-        int status = STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND;
+        int status = DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND;
         try {
             mBpfDscpIpv4Policies.replaceEntry(new Struct.U32(index), DscpPolicyValue.NONE);
             mBpfDscpIpv6Policies.replaceEntry(new Struct.U32(index), DscpPolicyValue.NONE);
-            status = STATUS_DELETED;
+            status = DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED;
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to delete policy from map: ", e);
         }
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@
     public void removeDscpPolicy(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int policyId) {
         if (!mAttachedIfaces.contains(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
             // Nothing to remove since program is not attached. Send update back for policy id.
-            sendStatus(nai, policyId, STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND);
+            sendStatus(nai, policyId, DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_POLICY_NOT_FOUND);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -222,7 +223,7 @@
         if (!mAttachedIfaces.contains(nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName())) {
             // Nothing to remove since program is not attached. Send update for policy
             // id 0. The status update must contain a policy ID, and 0 is an invalid id.
-            sendStatus(nai, 0, STATUS_SUCCESS);
+            sendStatus(nai, 0, DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS);
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
index 799f46b..b13ba93 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkScore;
 import android.net.NetworkScore.KeepConnectedReason;
+import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
@@ -46,6 +47,8 @@
  * they are handling a score that had the CS-managed bits set.
  */
 public class FullScore {
+    private static final String TAG = FullScore.class.getSimpleName();
+
     // This will be removed soon. Do *NOT* depend on it for any new code that is not part of
     // a migration.
     private final int mLegacyInt;
@@ -126,7 +129,15 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     static @NonNull String policyNameOf(final int policy) {
         final String name = sMessageNames.get(policy);
-        if (name == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown policy: " + policy);
+        if (name == null) {
+            // Don't throw here because name might be null due to proguard stripping out the
+            // POLICY_* constants, potentially causing a crash only on user builds because proguard
+            // does not run on userdebug builds.
+            // TODO: make MessageUtils safer by not returning the array and instead storing it
+            // internally and providing a getter (that does not throw) for individual values.
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "Unknown policy: " + policy);
+            return Integer.toString(policy);
+        }
         return name.substring("POLICY_".length());
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
index ea98289..9cd8418 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/DscpPolicyTest.kt
@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@
 import android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS
 import android.content.Context
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager
-import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
 import android.net.DscpPolicy
-import android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_DELETED
-import android.net.DscpPolicy.STATUS_SUCCESS
 import android.net.InetAddresses
 import android.net.IpPrefix
 import android.net.LinkAddress
 import android.net.LinkProperties
 import android.net.NetworkAgent
+import android.net.NetworkAgent.DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED
+import android.net.NetworkAgent.DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
@@ -45,26 +44,18 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager
 import android.net.RouteInfo
-import android.net.util.SocketUtils
-import android.os.Build
 import android.os.HandlerThread
-import android.os.Looper
 import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.system.Os
-import android.system.OsConstants
 import android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET
-import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IP
 import android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP
 import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM
 import android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_NONBLOCK
-import android.util.Log
 import android.util.Range
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel
 import com.android.testutils.CompatUtil
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
-import com.android.testutils.OffsetFilter
 import com.android.testutils.assertParcelingIsLossless
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.SC_V2
@@ -74,26 +65,18 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import org.junit.After
-import org.junit.AfterClass
 import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
 import org.junit.Before
-import org.junit.BeforeClass
 import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import java.net.Inet4Address
-import java.net.Inet6Address
-import java.net.InetAddress
-import java.net.InetSocketAddress
-import java.net.ServerSocket
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.nio.ByteOrder
-import java.util.UUID
 import java.util.regex.Pattern
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
 import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
-import kotlin.concurrent.thread
 import kotlin.test.fail
 
 private const val MAX_PACKET_LENGTH = 1500
@@ -149,7 +132,7 @@
         runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS) {
             val tnm = realContext.getSystemService(TestNetworkManager::class.java)
 
-            iface = tnm.createTunInterface( Array(1){ LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32) } )
+            iface = tnm.createTunInterface(Array(1) { LinkAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS, 32) })
             assertNotNull(iface)
         }
 
@@ -191,7 +174,7 @@
 
     private fun createConnectedNetworkAgent(
         context: Context = realContext,
-        specifier: String? = iface.getInterfaceName(),
+        specifier: String? = iface.getInterfaceName()
     ): Pair<TestableNetworkAgent, TestableNetworkCallback> {
         val callback = TestableNetworkCallback()
         // Ensure this NetworkAgent is never unneeded by filing a request with its specifier.
@@ -233,10 +216,10 @@
     }
 
     fun checkDscpValue(
-        agent : TestableNetworkAgent,
-        callback : TestableNetworkCallback,
-        dscpValue : Int = 0,
-        dstPort : Int = 0,
+        agent: TestableNetworkAgent,
+        callback: TestableNetworkCallback,
+        dscpValue: Int = 0,
+        dstPort: Int = 0
     ) {
         val testString = "test string"
         val testPacket = ByteBuffer.wrap(testString.toByteArray(Charsets.UTF_8))
@@ -263,9 +246,9 @@
 
             val ipAddr = ByteArray(4)
             buffer.get(ipAddr)
-            val srcIp = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipAddr);
+            val srcIp = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipAddr)
             buffer.get(ipAddr)
-            val dstIp = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipAddr);
+            val dstIp = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipAddr)
             val packetSrcPort = buffer.getShort().toInt()
             val packetDstPort = buffer.getShort().toInt()
 
@@ -280,15 +263,15 @@
     }
 
     fun doRemovePolicyTest(
-        agent : TestableNetworkAgent,
-        callback : TestableNetworkCallback,
-        policyId : Int
+        agent: TestableNetworkAgent,
+        callback: TestableNetworkCallback,
+        policyId: Int
     ) {
         val portNumber = 1111 * policyId
         agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(policyId)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(policyId, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = portNumber)
         }
     }
@@ -300,7 +283,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
         }
 
         checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 4444)
@@ -308,7 +291,7 @@
         agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(1)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
         }
 
         val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 4)
@@ -317,7 +300,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
         }
 
         checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 4, dstPort = 5555)
@@ -325,7 +308,7 @@
         agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(1)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
         }
     }
 
@@ -337,7 +320,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
         }
 
@@ -345,7 +328,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
         }
 
@@ -353,7 +336,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
         }
 
@@ -365,12 +348,12 @@
 
     @Test
     fun testRemoveDscpPolicy_RemoveImmediatelyAfterAdd(): Unit =
-            createConnectedNetworkAgent().let{ (agent, callback) ->
+            createConnectedNetworkAgent().let { (agent, callback) ->
         val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(1111, 1111)).build()
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
         }
         doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 1)
@@ -379,7 +362,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
         }
         doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 2)
@@ -388,7 +371,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
         }
         doRemovePolicyTest(agent, callback, 3)
@@ -402,7 +385,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
         }
 
@@ -410,7 +393,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
         }
 
@@ -418,7 +401,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
         }
 
@@ -433,7 +416,7 @@
                 (agent, callback) ->
         agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(3)
         // Is there something to add in TestableNetworkCallback to NOT expect a callback?
-        // Or should we send STATUS_DELETED in any case or a different STATUS?
+        // Or should we send DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED in any case or a different STATUS?
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -443,7 +426,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 1111)
         }
 
@@ -452,7 +435,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 2222)
         }
 
@@ -461,24 +444,24 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy3)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 3333)
         }
 
         agent.sendRemoveAllDscpPolicies()
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 1111)
         }
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(2, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 2222)
         }
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(3, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 3333)
         }
     }
@@ -490,7 +473,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dscpValue = 1, dstPort = 4444)
         }
 
@@ -501,7 +484,7 @@
         agent.sendAddDscpPolicy(policy2)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_SUCCESS, it.status)
 
             // Sending packet with old policy should fail
             checkDscpValue(agent, callback, dstPort = 4444)
@@ -511,7 +494,7 @@
         agent.sendRemoveDscpPolicy(1)
         agent.expectCallback<OnDscpPolicyStatusUpdated>().let {
             assertEquals(1, it.policyId)
-            assertEquals(STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
+            assertEquals(DSCP_POLICY_STATUS_DELETED, it.status)
         }
     }
 
@@ -520,14 +503,14 @@
                 (agent, callback) ->
         // Check that policy with partial parameters is lossless.
         val policy = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(4444, 4444)).build()
-        assertParcelingIsLossless(policy);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(policy)
 
         // Check that policy with all parameters is lossless.
         val policy2 = DscpPolicy.Builder(1, 1).setDestinationPortRange(Range(4444, 4444))
                 .setSourceAddress(LOCAL_IPV4_ADDRESS)
                 .setDestinationAddress(TEST_TARGET_IPV4_ADDR)
                 .setProtocol(IPPROTO_UDP).build()
-        assertParcelingIsLossless(policy2);
+        assertParcelingIsLossless(policy2)
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
index 6e9f0cd..9fa146f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/Ikev2VpnTest.java
@@ -17,15 +17,16 @@
 package android.net.cts;
 
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils.TestNetworkCallback;
 
 import static com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil.runWithShellPermissionIdentity;
+import static com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallbackKt.anyNetwork;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@@ -40,7 +41,6 @@
 import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
 import android.net.IpSecAlgorithm;
 import android.net.Network;
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.ProxyInfo;
 import android.net.TestNetworkInterface;
@@ -53,8 +53,14 @@
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.Ikev2VpnProfileShimImpl;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.Ikev2VpnProfileShim;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
 
 import org.bouncycastle.x509.X509V1CertificateGenerator;
 import org.junit.After;
@@ -167,6 +173,7 @@
     private static final VpnManager sVpnMgr =
             (VpnManager) sContext.getSystemService(Context.VPN_MANAGEMENT_SERVICE);
     private static final CtsNetUtils mCtsNetUtils = new CtsNetUtils(sContext);
+    private static final long TIMEOUT_MS = 15_000;
 
     private final X509Certificate mServerRootCa;
     private final CertificateAndKey mUserCertKey;
@@ -197,31 +204,32 @@
         }, Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS);
     }
 
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(
-            Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks) throws Exception {
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(@NonNull Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder,
+            boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
+            boolean requiresValidation) throws Exception {
         if (isRestrictedToTestNetworks) {
             builder.restrictToTestNetworks();
         }
 
-        return builder.setBypassable(true)
+        builder.setBypassable(true)
                 .setAllowedAlgorithms(TEST_ALLOWED_ALGORITHMS)
                 .setProxy(TEST_PROXY_INFO)
                 .setMaxMtu(TEST_MTU)
-                .setMetered(false)
-                .build();
+                .setMetered(false);
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
+            Ikev2VpnProfileBuilderShimImpl.newInstance().setRequiresInternetValidation(
+                    builder, requiresValidation);
+        }
+        return builder.build();
     }
 
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
-            throws Exception {
-        return buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
-    }
-
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(
-            String remote, boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks) throws Exception {
+    private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(@NonNull String remote,
+            boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks, boolean requiresValidation) throws Exception {
         final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
                 new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(remote, TEST_IDENTITY).setAuthPsk(TEST_PSK);
 
-        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
+                requiresValidation);
     }
 
     private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileUsernamePassword(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
@@ -230,7 +238,8 @@
                 new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6, TEST_IDENTITY)
                         .setAuthUsernamePassword(TEST_USER, TEST_PASSWORD, mServerRootCa);
 
-        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
+                false /* requiresValidation */);
     }
 
     private Ikev2VpnProfile buildIkev2VpnProfileDigitalSignature(boolean isRestrictedToTestNetworks)
@@ -240,7 +249,8 @@
                         .setAuthDigitalSignature(
                                 mUserCertKey.cert, mUserCertKey.key, mServerRootCa);
 
-        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
+        return buildIkev2VpnProfileCommon(builder, isRestrictedToTestNetworks,
+                false /* requiresValidation */);
     }
 
     private void checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(@NonNull Ikev2VpnProfile profile) throws Exception {
@@ -254,12 +264,11 @@
         assertFalse(profile.isRestrictedToTestNetworks());
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk() throws Exception {
+    public void doTestBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(final boolean requiresValidation) throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mCtsNetUtils.hasIpsecTunnelsFeature());
 
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
-                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6,
+                false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */, requiresValidation);
 
         checkBasicIkev2VpnProfile(profile);
         assertArrayEquals(TEST_PSK, profile.getPresharedKey());
@@ -270,6 +279,22 @@
         assertNull(profile.getServerRootCaCert());
         assertNull(profile.getRsaPrivateKey());
         assertNull(profile.getUserCert());
+        final Ikev2VpnProfileShim<Ikev2VpnProfile> shim = Ikev2VpnProfileShimImpl.newInstance();
+        if (TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
+            assertEquals(requiresValidation, shim.isInternetValidationRequired(profile));
+        } else {
+            try {
+                shim.isInternetValidationRequired(profile);
+                fail("Only supported from API level 33");
+            } catch (UnsupportedApiLevelException expected) {
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk() throws Exception {
+        doTestBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(true /* requiresValidation */);
+        doTestBuildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* requiresValidation */);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -316,8 +341,8 @@
         setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_VPN, hasActivateVpn);
         setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, hasActivatePlatformVpn);
 
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
-                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6,
+                false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */, false /* requiresValidation */);
         final Intent intent = sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile);
         assertEquals(expectIntent, intent != null);
     }
@@ -360,8 +385,8 @@
 
         setAppop(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
 
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
-                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6,
+                false /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */, false /* requiresValidation */);
         assertNull(sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
 
         // Verify that deleting the profile works (even without the appop)
@@ -394,7 +419,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(IkeTunUtils tunUtils, boolean testIpv6)
+    private void checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(@NonNull IkeTunUtils tunUtils,
+            boolean testIpv6, boolean requiresValidation)
             throws Exception {
         String serverAddr = testIpv6 ? TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V6 : TEST_SERVER_ADDR_V4;
         String initResp = testIpv6 ? SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V6 : SUCCESSFUL_IKE_INIT_RESP_V4;
@@ -404,10 +430,15 @@
         // Requires MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS to provision a test-mode profile.
         mCtsNetUtils.setAppopPrivileged(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, true);
 
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile =
-                buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(serverAddr, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
+        final Ikev2VpnProfile profile = buildIkev2VpnProfilePsk(serverAddr,
+                true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */, requiresValidation);
         assertNull(sVpnMgr.provisionVpnProfile(profile));
 
+        final TestableNetworkCallback cb = new TestableNetworkCallback(TIMEOUT_MS);
+        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN).build();
+        sCM.registerNetworkCallback(nr, cb);
+
         sVpnMgr.startProvisionedVpnProfile();
 
         // Inject IKE negotiation
@@ -418,35 +449,49 @@
                 HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(authResp));
 
         // Verify the VPN network came up
-        final NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
-                .clearCapabilities().addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN).build();
+        final Network vpnNetwork = cb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.AVAILABLE, anyNetwork())
+                .getNetwork();
 
-        final TestNetworkCallback cb = new TestNetworkCallback();
-        sCM.requestNetwork(nr, cb);
-        cb.waitForAvailable();
-        final Network vpnNetwork = cb.currentNetwork;
-        assertNotNull(vpnNetwork);
+        cb.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetwork, TIMEOUT_MS, caps -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                && Process.myUid() == caps.getOwnerUid());
+        cb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LINK_PROPERTIES_CHANGED, vpnNetwork);
+        cb.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.BLOCKED_STATUS, vpnNetwork);
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities caps = sCM.getNetworkCapabilities(vpnNetwork);
-        assertTrue(caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
-        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
-        assertEquals(Process.myUid(), caps.getOwnerUid());
+        // A VPN that requires validation is initially not validated, while one that doesn't
+        // immediately validate automatically. Because this VPN can't actually access Internet,
+        // the VPN only validates if it doesn't require validation. If the VPN requires validation
+        // but unexpectedly sends this callback, expecting LOST below will fail because the next
+        // callback will be the validated capabilities instead.
+        // In S and below, |requiresValidation| is ignored, so this callback is always sent
+        // regardless of its value.
+        if (!requiresValidation || !TestUtils.shouldTestTApis()) {
+            cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    entry -> ((CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged) entry).getCaps()
+                            .hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        }
 
         sVpnMgr.stopProvisionedVpnProfile();
-        cb.waitForLost();
-        assertEquals(vpnNetwork, cb.lastLostNetwork);
+        // Using expectCallback may cause the test to be flaky since test may receive other
+        // callbacks such as linkproperties change.
+        cb.eventuallyExpect(CallbackEntry.LOST, TIMEOUT_MS,
+                lost -> vpnNetwork.equals(lost.getNetwork()));
     }
 
     private class VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest implements TestNetworkRunnable.Test {
         private final boolean mTestIpv6Only;
+        private final boolean mRequiresValidation;
 
         /**
          * Constructs the test
          *
          * @param testIpv6Only if true, builds a IPv6-only test; otherwise builds a IPv4-only test
+         * @param requiresValidation whether this VPN should request platform validation
          */
-        VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(boolean testIpv6Only) {
+        VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(boolean testIpv6Only, boolean requiresValidation) {
             mTestIpv6Only = testIpv6Only;
+            mRequiresValidation = requiresValidation;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -454,7 +499,8 @@
                 throws Exception {
             final IkeTunUtils tunUtils = new IkeTunUtils(testIface.getFileDescriptor());
 
-            checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(tunUtils, mTestIpv6Only);
+            checkStartStopVpnProfileBuildsNetworks(
+                    tunUtils, mTestIpv6Only, mRequiresValidation);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -478,7 +524,10 @@
 
         // Requires shell permission to update appops.
         runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
-                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(false)));
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(false, false)));
+
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(false, true)));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -487,7 +536,9 @@
 
         // Requires shell permission to update appops.
         runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
-                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(true)));
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(true, false)));
+        runWithShellPermissionIdentity(
+                new TestNetworkRunnable(new VerifyStartStopVpnProfileTest(true, true)));
     }
 
     private static class CertificateAndKey {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
index f007b83..0504973 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkAgentTest.kt
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
 import android.os.HandlerThread
 import android.os.Message
 import android.os.SystemClock
+import android.platform.test.annotations.AppModeFull
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
 import android.telephony.data.EpsBearerQosSessionAttributes
 import android.util.DebugUtils.valueToString
@@ -106,7 +107,6 @@
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
 import org.junit.After
-import org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse
 import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
@@ -946,11 +946,9 @@
         return Pair(agent, qosTestSocket!!)
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps don't have permission to bind sockets.")
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackRegisterWithUnregister() {
-        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
-        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
 
         val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
@@ -975,11 +973,9 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps don't have permission to bind sockets.")
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackOnQosSession() {
-        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
-        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
         Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
@@ -1023,11 +1019,9 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps don't have permission to bind sockets.")
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackOnError() {
-        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
-        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         val qosCallback = TestableQosCallback()
         Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
@@ -1064,11 +1058,9 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps don't have permission to bind sockets.")
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackIdsAreMappedCorrectly() {
-        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
-        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         val qosCallback1 = TestableQosCallback()
         val qosCallback2 = TestableQosCallback()
@@ -1107,11 +1099,9 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps don't have permission to bind sockets.")
     @Test
     fun testQosCallbackWhenNetworkReleased() {
-        // Instant apps can't bind sockets to localhost
-        // TODO: use @AppModeFull when supported by DevSdkIgnoreRunner
-        assumeFalse(realContext.packageManager.isInstantApp())
         val (agent, socket) = setupForQosCallbackTesting()
         Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor().let { executor ->
             try {
@@ -1151,6 +1141,7 @@
         )
     }
 
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Instant apps don't have permission to bind sockets.")
     @Test
     fun testUnregisterAfterReplacement() {
         // Keeps an eye on all test networks.
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java
index c1100b1..001aa01 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/TestUtils.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net.cts;
 
+import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
+
 import android.os.Build;
 
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
@@ -33,4 +35,13 @@
     public static boolean shouldTestSApis() {
         return SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() && ConstantsShim.VERSION > Build.VERSION_CODES.R;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to test T+ APIs. This requires a) that the test be running on an S+ device, and
+     * b) that the code be compiled against shims new enough to access these APIs.
+     */
+    public static boolean shouldTestTApis() {
+        // TODO: replace SC_V2 with Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2 when it's available in mainline branch.
+        return SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && ConstantsShim.VERSION > SC_V2;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 365c0cf..2763f5a 100644
--- a/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -343,6 +343,10 @@
         return mNetworkAgent;
     }
 
+    public NetworkAgentConfig getNetworkAgentConfig() {
+        return mNetworkAgentConfig;
+    }
+
     public NetworkCapabilities getNetworkCapabilities() {
         return mNetworkCapabilities;
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 025b28c..4c76803 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.ArrayTrackRecord;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
+import com.android.networkstack.apishim.NetworkAgentConfigShimImpl;
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo;
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.NetworkRequestInfo;
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTest.ConnectivityServiceDependencies.ReportedInterfaces;
@@ -1373,6 +1374,10 @@
             return (mMockNetworkAgent == null) ? null : mMockNetworkAgent.getNetwork();
         }
 
+        public NetworkAgentConfig getNetworkAgentConfig() {
+            return null == mMockNetworkAgent ? null : mMockNetworkAgent.getNetworkAgentConfig();
+        }
+
         @Override
         public int getActiveVpnType() {
             return mVpnType;
@@ -2936,6 +2941,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testRequiresValidation() {
         assertTrue(NetworkMonitorUtils.isValidationRequired(
+                NetworkAgentConfigShimImpl.newInstance(null),
                 mCm.getDefaultRequest().networkCapabilities));
     }
 
@@ -7933,6 +7939,7 @@
         // VPN networks do not satisfy the default request and are automatically validated
         // by NetworkMonitor
         assertFalse(NetworkMonitorUtils.isValidationRequired(
+                NetworkAgentConfigShimImpl.newInstance(mMockVpn.getNetworkAgentConfig()),
                 mMockVpn.getAgent().getNetworkCapabilities()));
         mMockVpn.getAgent().setNetworkValid(false /* isStrictMode */);
 
@@ -8083,6 +8090,7 @@
         assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET));
 
         assertFalse(NetworkMonitorUtils.isValidationRequired(
+                NetworkAgentConfigShimImpl.newInstance(mMockVpn.getNetworkAgentConfig()),
                 mMockVpn.getAgent().getNetworkCapabilities()));
         assertTrue(NetworkMonitorUtils.isPrivateDnsValidationRequired(
                 mMockVpn.getAgent().getNetworkCapabilities()));
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnectorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnectorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2253a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/NativeDaemonConnectorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server;
+
+import static com.android.server.NativeDaemonConnector.appendEscaped;
+import static com.android.server.NativeDaemonConnector.makeCommand;
+
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.MediumTest;
+
+import com.android.server.NativeDaemonConnector.SensitiveArg;
+
+/**
+ * Tests for {@link NativeDaemonConnector}.
+ */
+@MediumTest
+public class NativeDaemonConnectorTest extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = "NativeDaemonConnectorTest";
+
+    public void testArgumentNormal() throws Exception {
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "");
+        assertEquals("", builder.toString());
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "foo");
+        assertEquals("foo", builder.toString());
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "foo\"bar");
+        assertEquals("foo\\\"bar", builder.toString());
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "foo\\bar\\\"baz");
+        assertEquals("foo\\\\bar\\\\\\\"baz", builder.toString());
+    }
+
+    public void testArgumentWithSpaces() throws Exception {
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "foo bar");
+        assertEquals("\"foo bar\"", builder.toString());
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "foo\"bar\\baz foo");
+        assertEquals("\"foo\\\"bar\\\\baz foo\"", builder.toString());
+    }
+
+    public void testArgumentWithUtf() throws Exception {
+        final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        builder.setLength(0);
+        appendEscaped(builder, "caf\u00E9 c\u00F6ffee");
+        assertEquals("\"caf\u00E9 c\u00F6ffee\"", builder.toString());
+    }
+
+    public void testSensitiveArgs() throws Exception {
+        final StringBuilder rawBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+        final StringBuilder logBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+
+        rawBuilder.setLength(0);
+        logBuilder.setLength(0);
+        makeCommand(rawBuilder, logBuilder, 1, "foo", "bar", "baz");
+        assertEquals("1 foo bar baz\0", rawBuilder.toString());
+        assertEquals("1 foo bar baz", logBuilder.toString());
+
+        rawBuilder.setLength(0);
+        logBuilder.setLength(0);
+        makeCommand(rawBuilder, logBuilder, 1, "foo", new SensitiveArg("bar"), "baz");
+        assertEquals("1 foo bar baz\0", rawBuilder.toString());
+        assertEquals("1 foo [scrubbed] baz", logBuilder.toString());
+
+        rawBuilder.setLength(0);
+        logBuilder.setLength(0);
+        makeCommand(rawBuilder, logBuilder, 1, "foo", new SensitiveArg("foo bar"), "baz baz",
+                new SensitiveArg("wat"));
+        assertEquals("1 foo \"foo bar\" \"baz baz\" wat\0", rawBuilder.toString());
+        assertEquals("1 foo [scrubbed] \"baz baz\" [scrubbed]", logBuilder.toString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index e7f6245..c03a9cd 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.os.Build
 import android.text.TextUtils
 import android.util.ArraySet
+import android.util.Log
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_ACCEPT_UNVALIDATED
@@ -32,11 +33,12 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.FullScore.POLICY_IS_VPN
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Before
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import kotlin.reflect.full.staticProperties
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
-import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import kotlin.test.assertFalse
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 
@@ -63,6 +65,23 @@
         return mixInScore(nc, nac, validated, false /* yieldToBadWifi */, destroyed)
     }
 
+    private val TAG = this::class.simpleName
+
+    private var wtfHandler: Log.TerribleFailureHandler? = null
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        // policyNameOf will call Log.wtf if passed an invalid policy.
+        wtfHandler = Log.setWtfHandler() { tagString, what, system ->
+            Log.d(TAG, "WTF captured, ignoring: $tagString $what")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        Log.setWtfHandler(wtfHandler)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testGetLegacyInt() {
         val ns = FullScore(50, 0L /* policy */, KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
@@ -101,10 +120,9 @@
             assertFalse(foundNames.contains(name))
             foundNames.add(name)
         }
-        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
-            FullScore.policyNameOf(MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY + 1)
-        }
         assertEquals("IS_UNMETERED", FullScore.policyNameOf(POLICY_IS_UNMETERED))
+        val invalidPolicy = MAX_CS_MANAGED_POLICY + 1
+        assertEquals(Integer.toString(invalidPolicy), FullScore.policyNameOf(invalidPolicy))
     }
 
     fun getAllPolicies() = Regex("POLICY_.*").let { nameRegex ->
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStoreTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStoreTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9a5309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/IpConfigStoreTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration.IpAssignment;
+import android.net.IpConfiguration.ProxySettings;
+import android.net.LinkAddress;
+import android.net.ProxyInfo;
+import android.net.StaticIpConfiguration;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link IpConfigStore}
+ */
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+public class IpConfigStoreTest {
+    private static final int KEY_CONFIG = 17;
+    private static final String IFACE_1 = "eth0";
+    private static final String IFACE_2 = "eth1";
+    private static final String IP_ADDR_1 = "192.168.1.10/24";
+    private static final String IP_ADDR_2 = "192.168.1.20/24";
+    private static final String DNS_IP_ADDR_1 = "1.2.3.4";
+    private static final String DNS_IP_ADDR_2 = "5.6.7.8";
+
+    @Test
+    public void backwardCompatibility2to3() throws IOException {
+        ByteArrayOutputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+        DataOutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(byteStream);
+
+        final IpConfiguration expectedConfig =
+                newIpConfiguration(IpAssignment.DHCP, ProxySettings.NONE, null, null);
+
+        // Emulate writing to old format.
+        writeDhcpConfigV2(outputStream, KEY_CONFIG, expectedConfig);
+
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteStream.toByteArray());
+        ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> configurations = IpConfigStore.readIpConfigurations(in);
+
+        assertNotNull(configurations);
+        assertEquals(1, configurations.size());
+        IpConfiguration actualConfig = configurations.get(String.valueOf(KEY_CONFIG));
+        assertNotNull(actualConfig);
+        assertEquals(expectedConfig, actualConfig);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void staticIpMultiNetworks() throws Exception {
+        final ArrayList<InetAddress> dnsServers = new ArrayList<>();
+        dnsServers.add(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(DNS_IP_ADDR_1));
+        dnsServers.add(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(DNS_IP_ADDR_2));
+        final StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration1 = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setIpAddress(new LinkAddress(IP_ADDR_1))
+                .setDnsServers(dnsServers).build();
+        final StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfiguration2 = new StaticIpConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setIpAddress(new LinkAddress(IP_ADDR_2))
+                .setDnsServers(dnsServers).build();
+
+        ProxyInfo proxyInfo =
+                ProxyInfo.buildDirectProxy("10.10.10.10", 88, Arrays.asList("host1", "host2"));
+
+        IpConfiguration expectedConfig1 = newIpConfiguration(IpAssignment.STATIC,
+                ProxySettings.STATIC, staticIpConfiguration1, proxyInfo);
+        IpConfiguration expectedConfig2 = newIpConfiguration(IpAssignment.STATIC,
+                ProxySettings.STATIC, staticIpConfiguration2, proxyInfo);
+
+        ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> expectedNetworks = new ArrayMap<>();
+        expectedNetworks.put(IFACE_1, expectedConfig1);
+        expectedNetworks.put(IFACE_2, expectedConfig2);
+
+        MockedDelayedDiskWrite writer = new MockedDelayedDiskWrite();
+        IpConfigStore store = new IpConfigStore(writer);
+        store.writeIpConfigurations("file/path/not/used/", expectedNetworks);
+
+        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(writer.mByteStream.toByteArray());
+        ArrayMap<String, IpConfiguration> actualNetworks = IpConfigStore.readIpConfigurations(in);
+        assertNotNull(actualNetworks);
+        assertEquals(2, actualNetworks.size());
+        assertEquals(expectedNetworks.get(IFACE_1), actualNetworks.get(IFACE_1));
+        assertEquals(expectedNetworks.get(IFACE_2), actualNetworks.get(IFACE_2));
+    }
+
+    private IpConfiguration newIpConfiguration(IpAssignment ipAssignment,
+            ProxySettings proxySettings, StaticIpConfiguration staticIpConfig, ProxyInfo info) {
+        final IpConfiguration config = new IpConfiguration();
+        config.setIpAssignment(ipAssignment);
+        config.setProxySettings(proxySettings);
+        config.setStaticIpConfiguration(staticIpConfig);
+        config.setHttpProxy(info);
+        return config;
+    }
+
+    // This is simplified snapshot of code that was used to store values in V2 format (key as int).
+    private static void writeDhcpConfigV2(DataOutputStream out, int configKey,
+            IpConfiguration config) throws IOException {
+        out.writeInt(2);  // VERSION 2
+        switch (config.getIpAssignment()) {
+            case DHCP:
+                out.writeUTF("ipAssignment");
+                out.writeUTF(config.getIpAssignment().toString());
+                break;
+            default:
+                fail("Not supported in test environment");
+        }
+
+        out.writeUTF("id");
+        out.writeInt(configKey);
+        out.writeUTF("eos");
+    }
+
+    /** Synchronously writes into given byte steam */
+    private static class MockedDelayedDiskWrite extends DelayedDiskWrite {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream mByteStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
+
+        @Override
+        public void write(String filePath, Writer w) {
+            DataOutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(mByteStream);
+
+            try {
+                w.onWriteCalled(outputStream);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                fail();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}