Merge "Revert "Prepare for @RequiresApi class retention"" into main
diff --git a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
index b24e3ac..9e4e4a1 100644
--- a/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
+++ b/OWNERS_core_networking_xts
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 lorenzo@google.com
 satk@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
 
-# For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master, or flaky test fixes.
+# For cherry-picks of CLs that are already merged in aosp/master, flaky test
+# fixes, or no-op refactors.
 jchalard@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
-# In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for APF firmware tests
-# (to verify correct behaviour of the wifi APF interpreter)
+# In addition to cherry-picks, flaky test fixes and no-op refactors, also for
+# APF firmware tests (to verify correct behaviour of the wifi APF interpreter)
 maze@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
-# In addition to cherry-picks and flaky test fixes, also for incremental changes on NsdManager tests
-# to increase coverage for existing behavior, and testing of bug fixes in NsdManager
+# In addition to cherry-picks, flaky test fixes and no-op refactors, also for
+# NsdManager tests
 reminv@google.com #{LAST_RESORT_SUGGESTION}
diff --git a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
index 304a6ed..8ed5ac0 100644
--- a/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/apex/Android.bp
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
     ],
     prebuilts: [
         "current_sdkinfo",
-        "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
+        "netbpfload.33rc",
         "netbpfload.35rc",
         "ot-daemon.init.34rc",
     ],
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
index 9fa073b..39a7540 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     permitted_packages: ["android.net"],
     lint: {
         strict_updatability_linting: true,
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
     },
     aconfig_declarations: [
         "com.android.net.flags-aconfig",
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
index a287b42..cccafd5 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     field public static final int TETHERING_INVALID = -1; // 0xffffffff
     field public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_virtual") public static final int TETHERING_VIRTUAL = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3; // 0x3
     field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/lint-baseline.xml b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed5fbb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TETHERING_VIRTUAL` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.tetheringRequestVirtual())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_VIRTUAL) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="    public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;"
+        errorLine2="                                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java"
+            line="211"
+            column="50"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
index 7b769d4..2963f87 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@
     public static class Flags {
         static final String TETHERING_REQUEST_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG =
                 "com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_with_soft_ap_config";
+        static final String TETHERING_REQUEST_VIRTUAL =
+                "com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_virtual";
     }
 
     private static final String TAG = TetheringManager.class.getSimpleName();
@@ -195,10 +197,18 @@
     public static final int TETHERING_WIGIG = 6;
 
     /**
+     * VIRTUAL tethering type.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.TETHERING_REQUEST_VIRTUAL)
+    @SystemApi
+    public static final int TETHERING_VIRTUAL = 7;
+
+    /**
      * The int value of last tethering type.
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_WIGIG;
+    public static final int MAX_TETHERING_TYPE = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
diff --git a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml
index c970dd7..ff2a505 100644
--- a/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml
+++ b/Tethering/res/values-mcc310-mnc004-eu/strings.xml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_title" msgid="3584617491053416666">"Konexioa partekatzeko aukerak ez du Interneteko konexiorik"</string>
     <string name="no_upstream_notification_message" msgid="5626323795587558017">"Ezin dira konektatu gailuak"</string>
-    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="868677179945695858">"Desaktibatu konexioa partekatzeko aukera"</string>
+    <string name="no_upstream_notification_disable_button" msgid="868677179945695858">"Desaktibatu konexioa partekatzea"</string>
     <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_title" msgid="2870229486619751829">"Wifi-gunea edo konexioa partekatzeko aukera aktibatuta dago"</string>
     <string name="upstream_roaming_notification_message" msgid="5229740963392849544">"Baliteke tarifa gehigarriak ordaindu behar izatea ibiltaritza erabili bitartean"</string>
 </resources>
diff --git a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
index 9e0c970..fe5a0c6 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/android/net/ip/IpServer.java
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.intToInet4AddressHTH;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration.USE_SYNC_SM;
-import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.UpstreamNetworkState.isVcnInterface;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils.asIpPrefix;
 import static com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.TetheringMessageBase.BASE_IPSERVER;
 
@@ -75,19 +74,15 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetdUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.InterfaceController;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6DownstreamRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.PrefixUtils;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachineShim;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
@@ -189,12 +184,6 @@
             return new DadProxy(handler, ifParams);
         }
 
-        /** Create an IpNeighborMonitor to be used by this IpServer */
-        public IpNeighborMonitor getIpNeighborMonitor(Handler handler, SharedLog log,
-                IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer consumer) {
-            return new IpNeighborMonitor(handler, log, consumer);
-        }
-
         /** Create a RouterAdvertisementDaemon instance to be used by IpServer.*/
         public RouterAdvertisementDaemon getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(InterfaceParams ifParams) {
             return new RouterAdvertisementDaemon(ifParams);
@@ -234,13 +223,11 @@
     public static final int CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED   = BASE_IPSERVER + 9;
     // new IPv6 tethering parameters need to be processed
     public static final int CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE          = BASE_IPSERVER + 10;
-    // new neighbor cache entry on our interface
-    public static final int CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT              = BASE_IPSERVER + 11;
     // request from DHCP server that it wants to have a new prefix
-    public static final int CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST          = BASE_IPSERVER + 12;
+    public static final int CMD_NEW_PREFIX_REQUEST          = BASE_IPSERVER + 11;
     // request from PrivateAddressCoordinator to restart tethering.
-    public static final int CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT      = BASE_IPSERVER + 13;
-    public static final int CMD_SERVICE_FAILED_TO_START     = BASE_IPSERVER + 14;
+    public static final int CMD_NOTIFY_PREFIX_CONFLICT      = BASE_IPSERVER + 12;
+    public static final int CMD_SERVICE_FAILED_TO_START     = BASE_IPSERVER + 13;
 
     private final State mInitialState;
     private final State mLocalHotspotState;
@@ -301,18 +288,9 @@
     private List<TetheredClient> mDhcpLeases = Collections.emptyList();
 
     private int mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex = 0;
-    private boolean mUpstreamSupportsBpf = false;
     @NonNull
     private Set<IpPrefix> mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes = Collections.emptySet();
 
-    private class MyNeighborEventConsumer implements IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer {
-        public void accept(NeighborEvent e) {
-            sendMessage(CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT, e);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private final IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
-
     private LinkAddress mIpv4Address;
 
     private final TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
@@ -346,15 +324,6 @@
         mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         mServingMode = STATE_AVAILABLE;
 
-        mIpNeighborMonitor = mDeps.getIpNeighborMonitor(getHandler(), mLog,
-                new MyNeighborEventConsumer());
-
-        // IP neighbor monitor monitors the neighbor events for adding/removing IPv6 downstream rule
-        // per client. If BPF offload is not supported, don't start listening for neighbor events.
-        if (mBpfCoordinator.isUsingBpfOffload() && !mIpNeighborMonitor.start()) {
-            mLog.e("Failed to create IpNeighborMonitor on " + mIfaceName);
-        }
-
         mInitialState = new InitialState();
         mLocalHotspotState = new LocalHotspotState();
         mTetheredState = new TetheredState();
@@ -410,6 +379,22 @@
         return mIpv4Address;
     }
 
+    /** The IPv6 upstream interface index */
+    public int getIpv6UpstreamIfindex() {
+        return mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex;
+    }
+
+    /** The IPv6 upstream interface prefixes */
+    @NonNull
+    public Set<IpPrefix> getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes);
+    }
+
+    /** The interface parameters which IpServer is using */
+    public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams() {
+        return mInterfaceParams;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Get the latest list of DHCP leases that was reported. Must be called on the IpServer looper
      * thread.
@@ -813,14 +798,15 @@
         setRaParams(params);
 
         // Not support BPF on virtual upstream interface
-        final boolean upstreamSupportsBpf = upstreamIface != null && !isVcnInterface(upstreamIface);
         final Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes = params != null ? params.prefixes : Set.of();
-        updateIpv6ForwardingRules(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes,
-                upstreamIfIndex, upstreamPrefixes, upstreamSupportsBpf);
+        // mBpfCoordinator#updateIpv6UpstreamInterface must be called before updating
+        // mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex and mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes because BpfCoordinator will call
+        // IpServer#getIpv6UpstreamIfindex and IpServer#getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes to retrieve current
+        // upstream interface index and prefixes when handling upstream changes.
+        mBpfCoordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(this, upstreamIfIndex, upstreamPrefixes);
         mLastIPv6LinkProperties = v6only;
         mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex = upstreamIfIndex;
         mLastIPv6UpstreamPrefixes = upstreamPrefixes;
-        mUpstreamSupportsBpf = upstreamSupportsBpf;
         if (mDadProxy != null) {
             mDadProxy.setUpstreamIface(upstreamIfaceParams);
         }
@@ -964,77 +950,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private int getInterfaceIndexForRule(int ifindex, boolean supportsBpf) {
-        return supportsBpf ? ifindex : NO_UPSTREAM;
-    }
-
-    // Handles updates to IPv6 forwarding rules if the upstream or its prefixes change.
-    private void updateIpv6ForwardingRules(int prevUpstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull Set<IpPrefix> prevUpstreamPrefixes, int upstreamIfindex,
-            @NonNull Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes, boolean upstreamSupportsBpf) {
-        // If the upstream interface has changed, remove all rules and re-add them with the new
-        // upstream interface. If upstream is a virtual network, treated as no upstream.
-        if (prevUpstreamIfindex != upstreamIfindex
-                || !prevUpstreamPrefixes.equals(upstreamPrefixes)) {
-            mBpfCoordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(this, this.mInterfaceParams,
-                    getInterfaceIndexForRule(upstreamIfindex, upstreamSupportsBpf),
-                    upstreamPrefixes);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Handles updates to IPv6 downstream rules if a neighbor event is received.
-    private void addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(NeighborEvent e) {
-        // mInterfaceParams must be non-null or the event would not have arrived.
-        if (e == null) return;
-        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet6Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
-                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // When deleting rules, we still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's ignored.
-        // Do this here instead of in the Ipv6DownstreamRule constructor to ensure that we
-        // never add rules with a null MAC, only delete them.
-        MacAddress dstMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
-        Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = new Ipv6DownstreamRule(
-                getInterfaceIndexForRule(mLastIPv6UpstreamIfindex, mUpstreamSupportsBpf),
-                mInterfaceParams.index, (Inet6Address) e.ip, mInterfaceParams.macAddr, dstMac);
-        if (e.isValid()) {
-            mBpfCoordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(this, rule);
-        } else {
-            mBpfCoordinator.removeIpv6DownstreamRule(this, rule);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // TODO: consider moving into BpfCoordinator.
-    private void updateClientInfoIpv4(NeighborEvent e) {
-        if (e == null) return;
-        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet4Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
-                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        // When deleting clients, IpServer still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's
-        // ignored. Do this here instead of in the ClientInfo constructor to ensure that
-        // IpServer never add clients with a null MAC, only delete them.
-        final MacAddress clientMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
-        final ClientInfo clientInfo = new ClientInfo(mInterfaceParams.index,
-                mInterfaceParams.macAddr, (Inet4Address) e.ip, clientMac);
-        if (e.isValid()) {
-            mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientAdd(this, clientInfo);
-        } else {
-            mBpfCoordinator.tetherOffloadClientRemove(this, clientInfo);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void handleNeighborEvent(NeighborEvent e) {
-        if (mInterfaceParams != null
-                && mInterfaceParams.index == e.ifindex
-                && mInterfaceParams.hasMacAddress) {
-            addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(e);
-            updateClientInfoIpv4(e);
-        }
-    }
-
     private byte getHopLimit(String upstreamIface, int adjustTTL) {
         try {
             int upstreamHopLimit = Integer.parseUnsignedInt(
@@ -1069,7 +984,6 @@
         switch (what) {
             // Suppress some CMD_* to avoid log flooding.
             case CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE:
-            case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
                 break;
             default:
                 mLog.log(state.getName() + " got "
@@ -1141,14 +1055,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void startConntrackMonitoring() {
-        mBpfCoordinator.startMonitoring(this);
-    }
-
-    private void stopConntrackMonitoring() {
-        mBpfCoordinator.stopMonitoring(this);
-    }
-
     abstract class BaseServingState extends State {
         private final int mDesiredInterfaceState;
 
@@ -1158,7 +1064,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void enter() {
-            startConntrackMonitoring();
+            mBpfCoordinator.addIpServer(IpServer.this);
 
             startServingInterface();
 
@@ -1226,7 +1132,7 @@
             }
 
             stopIPv4();
-            stopConntrackMonitoring();
+            mBpfCoordinator.removeIpServer(IpServer.this);
 
             resetLinkProperties();
 
@@ -1397,8 +1303,8 @@
 
             for (String ifname : mUpstreamIfaceSet.ifnames) cleanupUpstreamInterface(ifname);
             mUpstreamIfaceSet = null;
-            mBpfCoordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                    IpServer.this, IpServer.this.mInterfaceParams, NO_UPSTREAM, Set.of());
+            mBpfCoordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(IpServer.this, NO_UPSTREAM,
+                    Collections.emptySet());
         }
 
         private void cleanupUpstreamInterface(String upstreamIface) {
@@ -1473,9 +1379,6 @@
                         }
                     }
                     break;
-                case CMD_NEIGHBOR_EVENT:
-                    handleNeighborEvent((NeighborEvent) message.obj);
-                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -1515,9 +1418,6 @@
     class UnavailableState extends State {
         @Override
         public void enter() {
-            // TODO: move mIpNeighborMonitor.stop() to TetheredState#exit, and trigger a neighbours
-            //       dump after starting mIpNeighborMonitor.
-            mIpNeighborMonitor.stop();
             mLastError = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
             sendInterfaceState(STATE_UNAVAILABLE);
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 00d9152..5c853f4 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.TetherStatsValue;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.ConntrackMonitor;
 import com.android.net.module.util.ip.ConntrackMonitor.ConntrackEventConsumer;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEvent;
+import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor.NeighborEventConsumer;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.ConntrackMessage;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkConstants;
 import com.android.net.module.util.netlink.NetlinkUtils;
@@ -181,6 +184,10 @@
     private final BpfCoordinatorShim mBpfCoordinatorShim;
     @NonNull
     private final BpfConntrackEventConsumer mBpfConntrackEventConsumer;
+    @NonNull
+    private final IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
+    @NonNull
+    private final BpfNeighborEventConsumer mBpfNeighborEventConsumer;
 
     // True if BPF offload is supported, false otherwise. The BPF offload could be disabled by
     // a runtime resource overlay package or device configuration. This flag is only initialized
@@ -189,14 +196,6 @@
     // to make it simpler. See also TetheringConfiguration.
     private final boolean mIsBpfEnabled;
 
-    // Tracks whether BPF tethering is started or not. This is set by tethering before it
-    // starts the first IpServer and is cleared by tethering shortly before the last IpServer
-    // is stopped. Note that rule updates (especially deletions, but sometimes additions as
-    // well) may arrive when this is false. If they do, they must be communicated to netd.
-    // Changes in data limits may also arrive when this is false, and if they do, they must
-    // also be communicated to netd.
-    private boolean mPollingStarted = false;
-
     // Tracking remaining alert quota. Unlike limit quota is subject to interface, the alert
     // quota is interface independent and global for tether offload.
     private long mRemainingAlertQuota = QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
@@ -279,9 +278,6 @@
     private final HashMap<IpServer, HashMap<Inet4Address, ClientInfo>>
             mTetherClients = new HashMap<>();
 
-    // Set for which downstream is monitoring the conntrack netlink message.
-    private final Set<IpServer> mMonitoringIpServers = new HashSet<>();
-
     // Map of upstream interface IPv4 address to interface index.
     // TODO: consider making the key to be unique because the upstream address is not unique. It
     // is okay for now because there have only one upstream generally.
@@ -303,16 +299,19 @@
     @Nullable
     private UpstreamInfo mIpv4UpstreamInfo = null;
 
+    // The IpServers that are currently served by BpfCoordinator.
+    private final ArraySet<IpServer> mServedIpServers = new ArraySet<>();
+
     // Runnable that used by scheduling next polling of stats.
     private final Runnable mScheduledPollingStats = () -> {
         updateForwardedStats();
-        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
+        schedulePollingStats();
     };
 
     // Runnable that used by scheduling next refreshing of conntrack timeout.
     private final Runnable mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate = () -> {
         refreshAllConntrackTimeouts();
-        maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
+        scheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
     };
 
     // TODO: add BpfMap<TetherDownstream64Key, TetherDownstream64Value> retrieving function.
@@ -338,6 +337,11 @@
             return new ConntrackMonitor(getHandler(), getSharedLog(), consumer);
         }
 
+        /** Get ip neighbor monitor */
+        @NonNull public IpNeighborMonitor getIpNeighborMonitor(NeighborEventConsumer consumer) {
+            return new IpNeighborMonitor(getHandler(), getSharedLog(), consumer);
+        }
+
         /** Get interface information for a given interface. */
         @NonNull public InterfaceParams getInterfaceParams(String ifName) {
             return InterfaceParams.getByName(ifName);
@@ -485,6 +489,9 @@
         mBpfConntrackEventConsumer = new BpfConntrackEventConsumer();
         mConntrackMonitor = mDeps.getConntrackMonitor(mBpfConntrackEventConsumer);
 
+        mBpfNeighborEventConsumer = new BpfNeighborEventConsumer();
+        mIpNeighborMonitor = mDeps.getIpNeighborMonitor(mBpfNeighborEventConsumer);
+
         BpfTetherStatsProvider provider = new BpfTetherStatsProvider();
         try {
             mDeps.getNetworkStatsManager().registerNetworkStatsProvider(
@@ -504,37 +511,25 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Start BPF tethering offload stats polling when the first upstream is started.
+     * Start BPF tethering offload stats and conntrack timeout polling.
      * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
-     * TODO: Perhaps check BPF support before starting.
-     * TODO: Start the stats polling only if there is any client on the downstream.
      */
-    public void startPolling() {
-        if (mPollingStarted) return;
+    private void startStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling() {
+        schedulePollingStats();
+        scheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
 
-        if (!isUsingBpf()) {
-            mLog.i("BPF is not using");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        mPollingStarted = true;
-        maybeSchedulePollingStats();
-        maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate();
-
-        mLog.i("Polling started");
+        mLog.i("Polling started.");
     }
 
     /**
-     * Stop BPF tethering offload stats polling.
+     * Stop BPF tethering offload stats and conntrack timeout polling.
      * The data limit cleanup and the tether stats maps cleanup are not implemented here.
      * These cleanups rely on all IpServers calling #removeIpv6DownstreamRule. After the
      * last rule is removed from the upstream, #removeIpv6DownstreamRule does the cleanup
      * functionality.
      * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void stopPolling() {
-        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
-
+    private void stopStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling() {
         // Stop scheduled polling conntrack timeout.
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate)) {
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate);
@@ -544,9 +539,8 @@
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats);
         }
         updateForwardedStats();
-        mPollingStarted = false;
 
-        mLog.i("Polling stopped");
+        mLog.i("Polling stopped.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -567,7 +561,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Start conntrack message monitoring.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      *
      * TODO: figure out a better logging for non-interesting conntrack message.
      * For example, the following logging is an IPCTNL_MSG_CT_GET message but looks scary.
@@ -587,45 +580,23 @@
      * +------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
      * See NetlinkMonitor#handlePacket, NetlinkMessage#parseNfMessage.
      */
-    public void startMonitoring(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+    private void startConntrackMonitoring() {
         // TODO: Wrap conntrackMonitor starting function into mBpfCoordinatorShim.
-        if (!isUsingBpf() || !mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
 
-        if (mMonitoringIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
-            Log.wtf(TAG, "The same downstream " + ipServer.interfaceName()
-                    + " should not start monitoring twice.");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (mMonitoringIpServers.isEmpty()) {
-            mConntrackMonitor.start();
-            mLog.i("Monitoring started");
-        }
-
-        mMonitoringIpServers.add(ipServer);
+        mConntrackMonitor.start();
+        mLog.i("Conntrack monitoring started.");
     }
 
     /**
      * Stop conntrack event monitoring.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void stopMonitoring(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+    private void stopConntrackMonitoring() {
         // TODO: Wrap conntrackMonitor stopping function into mBpfCoordinatorShim.
-        if (!isUsingBpf() || !mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
-
-        // Ignore stopping monitoring if the monitor has never started for a given IpServer.
-        if (!mMonitoringIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
-            mLog.e("Ignore stopping monitoring because monitoring has never started for "
-                    + ipServer.interfaceName());
-            return;
-        }
-
-        mMonitoringIpServers.remove(ipServer);
-
-        if (!mMonitoringIpServers.isEmpty()) return;
+        if (!mDeps.isAtLeastS()) return;
 
         mConntrackMonitor.stop();
-        mLog.i("Monitoring stopped");
+        mLog.i("Conntrack monitoring stopped.");
     }
 
     /**
@@ -688,9 +659,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Add IPv6 downstream rule.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void addIpv6DownstreamRule(
+    private void addIpv6DownstreamRule(
             @NonNull final IpServer ipServer, @NonNull final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule) {
         if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
 
@@ -706,9 +676,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Remove IPv6 downstream rule.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void removeIpv6DownstreamRule(
+    private void removeIpv6DownstreamRule(
             @NonNull final IpServer ipServer, @NonNull final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule) {
         if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
 
@@ -762,9 +731,8 @@
     /**
      * Delete all upstream and downstream rules for the passed-in IpServer, and if the new upstream
      * is nonzero, reapply them to the new upstream.
-     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
-    public void updateAllIpv6Rules(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer,
+    private void updateAllIpv6Rules(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer,
             final InterfaceParams interfaceParams, int newUpstreamIfindex,
             @NonNull final Set<IpPrefix> newUpstreamPrefixes) {
         if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
@@ -886,6 +854,141 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Register an IpServer (downstream).
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void addIpServer(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+        if (mServedIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "The same downstream " + ipServer.interfaceName()
+                    + " should not add twice.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Start monitoring and polling when the first IpServer is added.
+        if (mServedIpServers.isEmpty()) {
+            startStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling();
+            startConntrackMonitoring();
+            mIpNeighborMonitor.start();
+            mLog.i("Neighbor monitoring started.");
+        }
+        mServedIpServers.add(ipServer);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregister an IpServer (downstream).
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void removeIpServer(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+        if (!mServedIpServers.contains(ipServer)) {
+            mLog.e("Ignore removing because IpServer has never started for "
+                    + ipServer.interfaceName());
+            return;
+        }
+        mServedIpServers.remove(ipServer);
+
+        // Stop monitoring and polling when the last IpServer is removed.
+        if (mServedIpServers.isEmpty()) {
+            stopStatsAndConntrackTimeoutPolling();
+            stopConntrackMonitoring();
+            mIpNeighborMonitor.stop();
+            mLog.i("Neighbor monitoring stopped.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update upstream interface and its prefixes.
+     * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
+     */
+    public void updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(@NonNull final IpServer ipServer, int upstreamIfindex,
+            @NonNull Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes) {
+        if (!isUsingBpf()) return;
+
+        // If the upstream interface has changed, remove all rules and re-add them with the new
+        // upstream interface. If upstream is a virtual network, treated as no upstream.
+        final int prevUpstreamIfindex = ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamIfindex();
+        final InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        final Set<IpPrefix> prevUpstreamPrefixes = ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes();
+        if (prevUpstreamIfindex != upstreamIfindex
+                || !prevUpstreamPrefixes.equals(upstreamPrefixes)) {
+            final boolean upstreamSupportsBpf = checkUpstreamSupportsBpf(upstreamIfindex);
+            updateAllIpv6Rules(ipServer, interfaceParams,
+                    getInterfaceIndexForRule(upstreamIfindex, upstreamSupportsBpf),
+                    upstreamPrefixes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private boolean checkUpstreamSupportsBpf(int upstreamIfindex) {
+        final String iface = mInterfaceNames.get(upstreamIfindex);
+        return iface != null && !isVcnInterface(iface);
+    }
+
+    private int getInterfaceIndexForRule(int ifindex, boolean supportsBpf) {
+        return supportsBpf ? ifindex : NO_UPSTREAM;
+    }
+
+    // Handles updates to IPv6 downstream rules if a neighbor event is received.
+    private void addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(@NonNull IpServer ipServer, NeighborEvent e) {
+        // mInterfaceParams must be non-null or the event would not have arrived.
+        if (e == null) return;
+        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet6Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
+                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // When deleting rules, we still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's ignored.
+        // Do this here instead of in the Ipv6DownstreamRule constructor to ensure that we
+        // never add rules with a null MAC, only delete them.
+        final InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        if (interfaceParams == null || interfaceParams.macAddr == null) return;
+        final int lastIpv6UpstreamIfindex = ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamIfindex();
+        final boolean isUpstreamSupportsBpf = checkUpstreamSupportsBpf(lastIpv6UpstreamIfindex);
+        MacAddress dstMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+        Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = new Ipv6DownstreamRule(
+                getInterfaceIndexForRule(lastIpv6UpstreamIfindex, isUpstreamSupportsBpf),
+                interfaceParams.index, (Inet6Address) e.ip, interfaceParams.macAddr, dstMac);
+        if (e.isValid()) {
+            addIpv6DownstreamRule(ipServer, rule);
+        } else {
+            removeIpv6DownstreamRule(ipServer, rule);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void updateClientInfoIpv4(@NonNull IpServer ipServer, NeighborEvent e) {
+        if (e == null) return;
+        if (!(e.ip instanceof Inet4Address) || e.ip.isMulticastAddress()
+                || e.ip.isLoopbackAddress() || e.ip.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        if (interfaceParams == null) return;
+
+        // When deleting clients, IpServer still need to pass a non-null MAC, even though it's
+        // ignored. Do this here instead of in the ClientInfo constructor to ensure that
+        // IpServer never add clients with a null MAC, only delete them.
+        final MacAddress clientMac = e.isValid() ? e.macAddr : NULL_MAC_ADDRESS;
+        final ClientInfo clientInfo = new ClientInfo(interfaceParams.index,
+                interfaceParams.macAddr, (Inet4Address) e.ip, clientMac);
+        if (e.isValid()) {
+            tetherOffloadClientAdd(ipServer, clientInfo);
+        } else {
+            tetherOffloadClientRemove(ipServer, clientInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void handleNeighborEvent(@NonNull IpServer ipServer, NeighborEvent e) {
+        InterfaceParams interfaceParams = ipServer.getInterfaceParams();
+        if (interfaceParams != null
+                && interfaceParams.index == e.ifindex
+                && interfaceParams.hasMacAddress) {
+            addOrRemoveIpv6Downstream(ipServer, e);
+            updateClientInfoIpv4(ipServer, e);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Clear all forwarding IPv4 rules for a given client.
      * Note that this can be only called on handler thread.
      */
@@ -1136,7 +1239,7 @@
         // Note that EthernetTetheringTest#isTetherConfigBpfOffloadEnabled relies on
         // "mIsBpfEnabled" to check tethering config via dumpsys. Beware of the change if any.
         pw.println("mIsBpfEnabled: " + mIsBpfEnabled);
-        pw.println("Polling " + (mPollingStarted ? "started" : "not started"));
+        pw.println("Polling " + (mServedIpServers.isEmpty() ? "not started" : "started"));
         pw.println("Stats provider " + (mStatsProvider != null
                 ? "registered" : "not registered"));
         pw.println("Upstream quota: " + mInterfaceQuotas.toString());
@@ -2038,6 +2141,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    private class BpfNeighborEventConsumer implements NeighborEventConsumer {
+        public void accept(NeighborEvent e) {
+            for (IpServer ipServer : mServedIpServers) {
+                handleNeighborEvent(ipServer, e);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private boolean isBpfEnabled() {
         final TetheringConfiguration config = mDeps.getTetherConfig();
         return (config != null) ? config.isBpfOffloadEnabled() : true /* default value */;
@@ -2365,9 +2477,7 @@
         });
     }
 
-    private void maybeSchedulePollingStats() {
-        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
-
+    private void schedulePollingStats() {
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats)) {
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledPollingStats);
         }
@@ -2375,9 +2485,7 @@
         mHandler.postDelayed(mScheduledPollingStats, getPollingInterval());
     }
 
-    private void maybeScheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate() {
-        if (!mPollingStarted) return;
-
+    private void scheduleConntrackTimeoutUpdate() {
         if (mHandler.hasCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate)) {
             mHandler.removeCallbacks(mScheduledConntrackTimeoutUpdate);
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index d85d92f..0ff89d3 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIGIG;
@@ -278,6 +279,7 @@
     private TetheredInterfaceRequestShim mBluetoothIfaceRequest;
     private String mConfiguredEthernetIface;
     private String mConfiguredBluetoothIface;
+    private String mConfiguredVirtualIface;
     private EthernetCallback mEthernetCallback;
     private TetheredInterfaceCallbackShim mBluetoothCallback;
     private SettingsObserver mSettingsObserver;
@@ -719,6 +721,9 @@
             case TETHERING_ETHERNET:
                 result = setEthernetTethering(enable);
                 break;
+            case TETHERING_VIRTUAL:
+                result = setVirtualMachineTethering(enable);
+                break;
             default:
                 Log.w(TAG, "Invalid tether type.");
                 result = TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
@@ -972,6 +977,21 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private int setVirtualMachineTethering(final boolean enable) {
+        // TODO(340377643): Use bridge ifname when it's introduced, not fixed TAP ifname.
+        if (enable) {
+            mConfiguredVirtualIface = "avf_tap_fixed";
+            enableIpServing(
+                    TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
+                    mConfiguredVirtualIface,
+                    getRequestedState(TETHERING_VIRTUAL));
+        } else if (mConfiguredVirtualIface != null) {
+            ensureIpServerStopped(mConfiguredVirtualIface);
+            mConfiguredVirtualIface = null;
+        }
+        return TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
     void tether(String iface, int requestedState, final IIntResultListener listener) {
         mHandler.post(() -> {
             try {
@@ -2069,9 +2089,6 @@
                     chooseUpstreamType(true);
                     mTryCell = false;
                 }
-
-                // TODO: Check the upstream interface if it is managed by BPF offload.
-                mBpfCoordinator.startPolling();
             }
 
             @Override
@@ -2085,7 +2102,6 @@
                     reportUpstreamChanged(null);
                     mNotificationUpdater.onUpstreamCapabilitiesChanged(null);
                 }
-                mBpfCoordinator.stopPolling();
                 mTetheringMetrics.cleanup();
             }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java
index 078a35f..c236188 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShim.java
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.State;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
 
 import java.util.List;
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
index 120b871..3944a8a 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static android.Manifest.permission.CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
@@ -105,7 +102,7 @@
     // Used to check if any tethering interface is available. Choose 200ms to be request timeout
     // because the average interface requested time on cuttlefish@acloud is around 10ms.
     // See TetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface, isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable.
-    private static final int AVAILABLE_TETHER_IFACE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 200;
+    private static final int SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000;
     private static final int TETHER_REACHABILITY_ATTEMPTS = 20;
     protected static final long WAIT_RA_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
 
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@
     private boolean mRunTests;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
     private Handler mHandler;
-    private TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
+    protected TetheredInterfaceRequester mTetheredInterfaceRequester;
 
     // Late initialization in initTetheringTester().
     private TapPacketReader mUpstreamReader;
@@ -245,12 +242,14 @@
         maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(mTetheringEventCallback);
         mTetheringEventCallback = null;
 
-        runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> mTetheredInterfaceRequester.release());
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
     }
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        if (mTetheredInterfaceRequester != null) {
+            mTetheredInterfaceRequester.release();
+        }
         try {
             if (mRunTests) cleanUp();
         } finally {
@@ -263,33 +262,17 @@
         }
     }
 
-    protected static boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
-        // Before T, all ethernet interfaces could be used for server mode. Instead of
-        // waiting timeout, just checking whether the system currently has any
-        // ethernet interface is more reliable.
-        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
-            return runAsShell(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, () -> sEm.isAvailable());
-        }
-
+    protected boolean isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable() throws Exception {
         // If previous test case doesn't release tethering interface successfully, the other tests
         // after that test may be skipped as unexcepted.
         // TODO: figure out a better way to check default tethering interface existenion.
-        final TetheredInterfaceRequester requester = new TetheredInterfaceRequester();
-        try {
-            // Use short timeout (200ms) for requesting an existing interface, if any, because
-            // it should reurn faster than requesting a new tethering interface. Using default
-            // timeout (5000ms, TIMEOUT_MS) may make that total testing time is over 1 minute
-            // test module timeout on internal testing.
-            // TODO: if this becomes flaky, consider using default timeout (5000ms) and moving
-            // this check into #setUpOnce.
-            return requester.getInterface(AVAILABLE_TETHER_IFACE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MS) != null;
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            return false;
-        } finally {
-            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
-                requester.release();
-            });
-        }
+        // Use short timeout (200ms) for requesting an existing interface, if any, because
+        // it should reurn faster than requesting a new tethering interface. Using default
+        // timeout (5000ms, TIMEOUT_MS) may make that total testing time is over 1 minute
+        // test module timeout on internal testing.
+        // TODO: if this becomes flaky, consider using default timeout (5000ms) and moving
+        // this check into #setUpOnce.
+        return mTetheredInterfaceRequester.isPhysicalInterfaceAvailable(SHORT_TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 
     protected static void setIncludeTestInterfaces(boolean include) {
@@ -304,14 +287,6 @@
         });
     }
 
-    protected String getTetheredInterface() throws Exception {
-        return mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
-    }
-
-    protected CompletableFuture<String> requestTetheredInterface() throws Exception {
-        return mTetheredInterfaceRequester.requestInterface();
-    }
-
     protected static void waitForRouterAdvertisement(TapPacketReader reader, String iface,
             long timeoutMs) {
         final long deadline = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + timeoutMs;
@@ -605,6 +580,11 @@
         private TetheredInterfaceRequest mRequest;
         private final CompletableFuture<String> mFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
 
+        TetheredInterfaceRequester() {
+            mRequest = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
+                    sEm.requestTetheredInterface(c -> c.run() /* executor */, this));
+        }
+
         @Override
         public void onAvailable(String iface) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet interface available: " + iface);
@@ -616,28 +596,21 @@
             mFuture.completeExceptionally(new IllegalStateException("onUnavailable received"));
         }
 
-        public CompletableFuture<String> requestInterface() {
-            assertNull("BUG: more than one tethered interface request", mRequest);
-            Log.d(TAG, "Requesting tethered interface");
-            mRequest = runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () ->
-                    sEm.requestTetheredInterface(c -> c.run() /* executor */, this));
-            return mFuture;
-        }
-
-        public String getInterface(int timeout) throws Exception {
-            return requestInterface().get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+        public boolean isPhysicalInterfaceAvailable(int timeout) {
+            try {
+                final String iface = mFuture.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+                return !iface.startsWith("testtap");
+            } catch (Exception e) {
+                return false;
+            }
         }
 
         public String getInterface() throws Exception {
-            return getInterface(TIMEOUT_MS);
+            return mFuture.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         }
 
         public void release() {
-            if (mRequest != null) {
-                mFuture.obtrudeException(new IllegalStateException("Request already released"));
-                mRequest.release();
-                mRequest = null;
-            }
+            runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> mRequest.release());
         }
     }
 
@@ -658,7 +631,10 @@
         lp.setLinkAddresses(addresses);
         lp.setDnsServers(dnses);
 
-        return runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> initTestNetwork(sContext, lp, TIMEOUT_MS));
+        // TODO: initTestNetwork can take up to 15 seconds on a workstation. Investigate when and
+        // why this is the case. It is unclear whether a 30 second timeout is enough when running
+        // these tests in the much slower test infra.
+        return runAsShell(MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS, () -> initTestNetwork(sContext, lp, 30_000));
     }
 
     protected void sendDownloadPacketUdp(@NonNull final InetAddress srcIp,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index c54d1b4..5c258b2 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 import com.android.testutils.NetworkStackModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader;
 
-import org.junit.BeforeClass;
+import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
-import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@@ -151,33 +149,14 @@
             (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02, (byte) 0x03, (byte) 0x04  /* Address: 1.2.3.4 */
     };
 
-    /** Enable/disable tethering once before running the tests. */
-    @BeforeClass
-    public static void setUpOnce() throws Exception {
-        // The first test case may experience tethering restart with IP conflict handling.
-        // Tethering would cache the last upstreams so that the next enabled tethering avoids
-        // picking up the address that is in conflict with the upstreams. To protect subsequent
-        // tests, turn tethering on and off before running them.
-        MyTetheringEventCallback callback = null;
-        TestNetworkInterface testIface = null;
-        assumeTrue(sEm != null);
-        try {
-            // If the physical ethernet interface is available, do nothing.
-            if (isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable()) return;
-
-            testIface = createTestInterface();
-            setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
-
-            callback = enableEthernetTethering(testIface.getInterfaceName(), null);
-            callback.awaitUpstreamChanged(true /* throwTimeoutException */);
-        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "WARNNING " + e);
-        } finally {
-            maybeCloseTestInterface(testIface);
-            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(callback);
-
-            setIncludeTestInterfaces(false);
-        }
+    @After
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        // TODO: See b/318121782#comment4. Register an ethernet InterfaceStateListener, and wait for
+        // the callback to report client mode. This happens as soon as both
+        // TetheredInterfaceRequester and the tethering code itself have released the interface,
+        // i.e. after stopTethering() has completed.
+        Thread.sleep(3000);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -201,7 +180,7 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "Including test interfaces");
             setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
 
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -223,8 +202,6 @@
         // This test requires manipulating packets. Skip if there is a physical Ethernet connected.
         assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable());
 
-        CompletableFuture<String> futureIface = requestTetheredInterface();
-
         setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
 
         TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
@@ -234,7 +211,7 @@
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
 
-            final String iface = futureIface.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -264,7 +241,7 @@
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
 
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -338,7 +315,7 @@
         try {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
 
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
             assertEquals("TetheredInterfaceCallback for unexpected interface",
                     downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(), iface);
 
@@ -388,7 +365,7 @@
         MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
         try {
             // Get an interface to use.
-            final String iface = getTetheredInterface();
+            final String iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface();
 
             // Enable Ethernet tethering and check that it starts.
             tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, null /* any upstream */);
@@ -509,17 +486,23 @@
         // TODO: test BPF offload maps {rule, stats}.
     }
 
-    // Test network topology:
-    //
-    //         public network (rawip)                 private network
-    //                   |                 UE                |
-    // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
-    // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
-    // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
-    // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
-    // 8.8.8.8:443            <Upstream ip>:9876                  <TetheredDevice ip>:9876
-    //
-    private void runUdp4Test() throws Exception {
+
+    /**
+     * Basic IPv4 UDP tethering test. Verify that UDP tethered packets are transferred no matter
+     * using which data path.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void testTetherUdpV4() throws Exception {
+        // Test network topology:
+        //
+        //         public network (rawip)                 private network
+        //                   |                 UE                |
+        // +------------+    V    +------------+------------+    V    +------------+
+        // |   Sever    +---------+  Upstream  | Downstream +---------+   Client   |
+        // +------------+         +------------+------------+         +------------+
+        // remote ip              public ip                           private ip
+        // 8.8.8.8:443            <Upstream ip>:9876                  <TetheredDevice ip>:9876
+        //
         final TetheringTester tester = initTetheringTester(toList(TEST_IP4_ADDR),
                 toList(TEST_IP4_DNS));
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
@@ -541,15 +524,6 @@
         sendDownloadPacketUdp(remoteIp, tetheringUpstreamIp, tester, false /* is6To4 */);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Basic IPv4 UDP tethering test. Verify that UDP tethered packets are transferred no matter
-     * using which data path.
-     */
-    @Test
-    public void testTetherUdpV4() throws Exception {
-        runUdp4Test();
-    }
-
     // Test network topology:
     //
     //            public network (rawip)                 private network
@@ -599,7 +573,7 @@
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
 
         // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
-        // See the same reason in runUdp4Test().
+        // See the same reason in testTetherUdp4().
         probeV4TetheringConnectivity(tester, tethered, false /* is4To6 */);
 
         final ByteBuffer request = buildIcmpEchoPacketV4(tethered.macAddr /* srcMac */,
@@ -707,7 +681,7 @@
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
 
         // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
-        // See the same reason in runUdp4Test().
+        // See the same reason in testTetherUdp4().
         probeV4TetheringConnectivity(tester, tethered, false /* is4To6 */);
 
         // [1] Send DNS query.
@@ -751,7 +725,7 @@
         final TetheredDevice tethered = tester.createTetheredDevice(TEST_MAC, false /* hasIpv6 */);
 
         // TODO: remove the connectivity verification for upstream connected notification race.
-        // See the same reason in runUdp4Test().
+        // See the same reason in testTetherUdp4().
         probeV4TetheringConnectivity(tester, tethered, false /* is4To6 */);
 
         runTcpTest(tethered.macAddr /* uploadSrcMac */, tethered.routerMacAddr /* uploadDstMac */,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
index f8aa69f..47aebe8 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/privileged/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfMapTest.java
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@
     private static final int TEST_MAP_SIZE = 16;
     private static final String TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH =
             "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_tether_downstream6_map";
+    private static final String TETHER2_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_tether2_downstream6_map";
+    private static final String TETHER3_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH =
+            "/sys/fs/bpf/tethering/map_test_tether3_downstream6_map";
 
     private ArrayMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> mTestData;
 
@@ -108,8 +112,8 @@
 
     private BpfMap<TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value> openTestMap() throws Exception {
         return mShouldTestSingleWriterMap
-                ? new SingleWriterBpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, TetherDownstream6Key.class,
-                Tether6Value.class)
+                ? SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(TETHER2_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
+                        TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)
                 : new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, TetherDownstream6Key.class,
                         Tether6Value.class);
     }
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@
                 assertEquals(OsConstants.EPERM, expected.errno);
             }
         }
-        try (BpfMap writeOnlyMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_WRONLY,
+        try (BpfMap writeOnlyMap = new BpfMap<>(TETHER3_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH, BpfMap.BPF_F_WRONLY,
                 TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class)) {
             assertNotNull(writeOnlyMap);
             try {
@@ -506,12 +510,6 @@
     @Test
     public void testSingleWriterCacheEffectiveness() throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(mShouldTestSingleWriterMap);
-
-        // Ensure the map is not empty.
-        for (int i = 0; i < mTestData.size(); i++) {
-            mTestMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(i), mTestData.valueAt(i));
-        }
-
         // Benchmark parameters.
         final int timeoutMs = 5_000;  // Only hit if threads don't complete.
         final int benchmarkTimeMs = 2_000;
@@ -520,11 +518,17 @@
         // Only require 3x to reduce test flakiness.
         final int expectedSpeedup = 3;
 
-        final BpfMap cachedMap = new SingleWriterBpfMap(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
+        final BpfMap cachedMap = SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(TETHER2_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
                 TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
         final BpfMap uncachedMap = new BpfMap(TETHER_DOWNSTREAM6_FS_PATH,
                 TetherDownstream6Key.class, Tether6Value.class);
 
+        // Ensure the maps are not empty.
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTestData.size(); i++) {
+            cachedMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(i), mTestData.valueAt(i));
+            uncachedMap.insertEntry(mTestData.keyAt(i), mTestData.valueAt(i));
+        }
+
         final CompletableFuture<Integer> cachedResult = new CompletableFuture<>();
         final CompletableFuture<Integer> uncachedResult = new CompletableFuture<>();
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
index a7064e8..00eb3b1 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/android/net/ip/IpServerTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
@@ -94,7 +93,6 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
-import com.android.net.module.util.ip.IpNeighborMonitor;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.PrivateAddressCoordinator;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.TetheringConfiguration;
@@ -174,7 +172,6 @@
     @Mock private IDhcpServer mDhcpServer;
     @Mock private DadProxy mDadProxy;
     @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
-    @Mock private IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
     @Mock private IpServer.Dependencies mDependencies;
     @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator mAddressCoordinator;
     private final LateSdk<RoutingCoordinatorManager> mRoutingCoordinatorManager =
@@ -213,20 +210,17 @@
             mInterfaceConfiguration.prefixLength = BLUETOOTH_DHCP_PREFIX_LENGTH;
         }
 
-        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mDependencies).getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(), any());
-
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         when(mTetherConfig.useLegacyDhcpServer()).thenReturn(usingLegacyDhcp);
         when(mTetherConfig.getP2pLeasesSubnetPrefixLength()).thenReturn(P2P_SUBNET_PREFIX_LENGTH);
         when(mBpfCoordinator.isUsingBpfOffload()).thenReturn(usingBpfOffload);
         mIpServer = createIpServer(interfaceType);
-        verify(mIpNeighborMonitor).start();
         mIpServer.start();
 
         // Starting the state machine always puts us in a consistent state and notifies
         // the rest of the world that we've changed from an unknown to available state.
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        reset(mNetd, mCallback, mIpNeighborMonitor);
+        reset(mNetd, mCallback);
 
         when(mRaDaemon.start()).thenReturn(true);
     }
@@ -242,6 +236,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         initStateMachine(interfaceType, usingLegacyDhcp, usingBpfOffload);
         dispatchCommand(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).addIpServer(mIpServer);
         if (upstreamIface != null) {
             InterfaceParams interfaceParams = mDependencies.getInterfaceParams(upstreamIface);
             assertNotNull("missing upstream interface: " + upstreamIface, interfaceParams);
@@ -250,8 +245,12 @@
             lp.setLinkAddresses(upstreamAddresses);
             dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(upstreamIface, lp, 0);
             Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes = getTetherableIpv6Prefixes(lp.getLinkAddresses());
-            verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                    mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, interfaceParams.index, upstreamPrefixes);
+            // One is called when handling CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED and the other one is called
+            // when upstream's LinkProperties is updated (updateUpstreamIPv6LinkProperties)
+            verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(
+                    interfaceParams.index, upstreamIface);
+            verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                    mIpServer, interfaceParams.index, upstreamPrefixes);
         }
         reset(mNetd, mBpfCoordinator, mCallback, mAddressCoordinator);
         when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
@@ -314,8 +313,6 @@
 
     @Test
     public void startsOutAvailable() throws Exception {
-        when(mDependencies.getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor);
         mIpServer = createIpServer(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
         mIpServer.start();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -557,8 +554,8 @@
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).maybeDetachProgram(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         inOrder.verify(mNetd).tetherRemoveForward(IFACE_NAME, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         // When tethering stops, upstream interface is set to zero and thus clearing all upstream
         // rules. Downstream rules are needed to be cleared explicitly by calling
         // BpfCoordinator#clearAllIpv6Rules in TetheredState#exit.
@@ -570,7 +567,7 @@
                 argThat(cfg -> IFACE_NAME.equals(cfg.ifName)));
         inOrder.verify(mAddressCoordinator).releaseDownstream(any());
         inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).tetherOffloadClientClear(mIpServer);
-        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        inOrder.verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateInterfaceState(
                 mIpServer, STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
         inOrder.verify(mCallback).updateLinkProperties(
@@ -765,8 +762,8 @@
         lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
         lp.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // Upstream link addresses change result in updating the rules.
@@ -774,8 +771,8 @@
         lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
         lp2.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // When the upstream is lost, rules are removed.
@@ -784,53 +781,54 @@
         // - processMessage CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED for the upstream is lost.
         // - processMessage CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE for the IPv6 upstream is lost.
         // See dispatchTetherConnectionChanged.
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, times(2)).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // If the upstream is IPv4-only, no rules are added.
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator, never()).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // Rules are added again once upstream IPv6 connectivity is available.
         lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // If upstream IPv6 connectivity is lost, rules are removed.
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // When upstream IPv6 connectivity comes back, rules are added.
         lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
         dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
 
         // When the downstream interface goes down, rules are removed.
         mIpServer.stop();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mBpfCoordinator).clearAllIpv6Rules(mIpServer);
-        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, TEST_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(
+                mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
         reset(mBpfCoordinator);
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void stopNeighborMonitoringWhenInterfaceDown() throws Exception {
+    public void removeIpServerWhenInterfaceDown() throws Exception {
         initTetheredStateMachine(TETHERING_WIFI, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES,
                 false /* usingLegacyDhcp */, DEFAULT_USING_BPF_OFFLOAD);
 
         mIpServer.stop();
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
-        verify(mIpNeighborMonitor).stop();
+        verify(mBpfCoordinator).removeIpServer(mIpServer);
     }
 
     private LinkProperties buildIpv6OnlyLinkProperties(final String iface) {
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index 47ecf58..e54a7e0 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -25,8 +25,6 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_TETHERING;
-import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
-import static android.net.ip.IpServer.STATE_TETHERED;
 import static android.net.netstats.provider.NetworkStatsProvider.QUOTA_UNLIMITED;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_IPV6;
@@ -79,9 +77,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
@@ -100,11 +96,9 @@
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkStats;
-import android.net.RoutingCoordinatorManager;
 import android.net.TetherOffloadRuleParcel;
 import android.net.TetherStatsParcel;
 import android.net.ip.IpServer;
-import android.net.ip.RouterAdvertisementDaemon;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
@@ -119,12 +113,10 @@
 
 import com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants;
-import com.android.net.module.util.SdkUtil.LateSdk;
 import com.android.net.module.util.SharedLog;
 import com.android.net.module.util.Struct.S32;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.Tether4Key;
@@ -143,8 +135,6 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.ClientInfo;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6DownstreamRule;
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.BpfCoordinator.Ipv6UpstreamRule;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.metrics.TetheringMetrics;
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.InterfaceSet;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
@@ -209,11 +199,6 @@
     private static final MacAddress MAC_B = MacAddress.fromString("11:22:33:00:00:0b");
     private static final MacAddress MAC_NULL = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:00");
 
-    private static final LinkAddress UPSTREAM_ADDRESS = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:0:1234::168/64");
-    private static final LinkAddress UPSTREAM_ADDRESS2 = new LinkAddress("2001:db8:0:abcd::168/64");
-    private static final Set<LinkAddress> UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES = Set.of(UPSTREAM_ADDRESS);
-    private static final Set<LinkAddress> UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2 =
-            Set.of(UPSTREAM_ADDRESS, UPSTREAM_ADDRESS2);
     private static final IpPrefix UPSTREAM_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:0:1234::/64");
     private static final IpPrefix UPSTREAM_PREFIX2 = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:0:abcd::/64");
     private static final Set<IpPrefix> UPSTREAM_PREFIXES = Set.of(UPSTREAM_PREFIX);
@@ -449,13 +434,6 @@
     @Mock private TetheringConfiguration mTetherConfig;
     @Mock private ConntrackMonitor mConntrackMonitor;
     @Mock private IpNeighborMonitor mIpNeighborMonitor;
-    @Mock private RouterAdvertisementDaemon mRaDaemon;
-    @Mock private IpServer.Dependencies mIpServerDeps;
-    @Mock private IpServer.Callback mIpServerCallback;
-    @Mock private PrivateAddressCoordinator mAddressCoordinator;
-    private final LateSdk<RoutingCoordinatorManager> mRoutingCoordinatorManager =
-            new LateSdk<>(SdkLevel.isAtLeastS() ? mock(RoutingCoordinatorManager.class) : null);
-    @Mock private TetheringMetrics mTetheringMetrics;
 
     // Late init since methods must be called by the thread that created this object.
     private TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder mTetherStatsProviderCb;
@@ -573,24 +551,8 @@
     @Before public void setUp() {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(true /* default value */);
-
-        // Simulate the behavior of RoutingCoordinator
-        if (null != mRoutingCoordinatorManager.value) {
-            doAnswer(it -> {
-                final String fromIface = (String) it.getArguments()[0];
-                final String toIface = (String) it.getArguments()[1];
-                mNetd.tetherAddForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                mNetd.ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                return null;
-            }).when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.value).addInterfaceForward(any(), any());
-            doAnswer(it -> {
-                final String fromIface = (String) it.getArguments()[0];
-                final String toIface = (String) it.getArguments()[1];
-                mNetd.ipfwdRemoveInterfaceForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                mNetd.tetherRemoveForward(fromIface, toIface);
-                return null;
-            }).when(mRoutingCoordinatorManager.value).removeInterfaceForward(any(), any());
-        }
+        when(mIpServer.getInterfaceParams()).thenReturn(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
+        when(mIpServer2.getInterfaceParams()).thenReturn(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle() {
@@ -603,70 +565,39 @@
         when(mNetd.tetherOffloadGetStats()).thenReturn(new TetherStatsParcel[0]);
     }
 
-    @NonNull
-    private IpServer makeAndStartIpServer(String interfaceName, BpfCoordinator bpfCoordinator)
-            throws Exception {
-        final LinkAddress testAddress = new LinkAddress("192.168.42.5/24");
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getRouterAdvertisementDaemon(any())).thenReturn(mRaDaemon);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE)).thenReturn(
-                DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(UPSTREAM_IFACE2)).thenReturn(UPSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2);
-        when(mIpServerDeps.getInterfaceParams(IPSEC_IFACE)).thenReturn(IPSEC_IFACE_PARAMS);
-        when(mAddressCoordinator.requestDownstreamAddress(any(), anyInt(),
-                anyBoolean())).thenReturn(testAddress);
-        when(mRaDaemon.start()).thenReturn(true);
-        ArgumentCaptor<NeighborEventConsumer> neighborEventCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NeighborEventConsumer.class);
-        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mIpServerDeps).getIpNeighborMonitor(any(), any(),
-                neighborEventCaptor.capture());
-        final IpServer ipServer = new IpServer(
-                interfaceName, mHandler, TETHERING_WIFI, new SharedLog("test"), mNetd,
-                bpfCoordinator, mRoutingCoordinatorManager, mIpServerCallback, mTetherConfig,
-                mAddressCoordinator, mTetheringMetrics, mIpServerDeps);
-        ipServer.start();
-        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_REQUESTED, STATE_TETHERED);
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
-
-        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        lp.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, 0);
-
-        mNeighborEventConsumer = neighborEventCaptor.getValue();
-        return ipServer;
-    }
-
-    private void dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(IpServer ipServer, String upstreamIface,
-            LinkProperties v6lp, int ttlAdjustment) {
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, upstreamIface);
-        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_IPV6_TETHER_UPDATE, ttlAdjustment, 0, v6lp);
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
-    }
-
-    private void dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(IpServer ipServer, String upstreamIface) {
-        final InterfaceSet ifs = (upstreamIface != null) ? new InterfaceSet(upstreamIface) : null;
-        ipServer.sendMessage(IpServer.CMD_TETHER_CONNECTION_CHANGED, ifs);
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+    private void dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(BpfCoordinator bpfCoordinator, IpServer ipServer,
+            int upstreamIfindex, String upstreamIface, Set<IpPrefix> upstreamPrefixes) {
+        bpfCoordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(upstreamIfindex, upstreamIface);
+        bpfCoordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(ipServer, upstreamIfindex, upstreamPrefixes);
+        when(ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamIfindex()).thenReturn(upstreamIfindex);
+        when(ipServer.getIpv6UpstreamPrefixes()).thenReturn(upstreamPrefixes);
     }
 
     private void recvNewNeigh(int ifindex, InetAddress addr, short nudState, MacAddress mac) {
         mNeighborEventConsumer.accept(new NeighborEvent(0, RTM_NEWNEIGH, ifindex, addr,
                 nudState, mac));
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
     private void recvDelNeigh(int ifindex, InetAddress addr, short nudState, MacAddress mac) {
         mNeighborEventConsumer.accept(new NeighborEvent(0, RTM_DELNEIGH, ifindex, addr,
                 nudState, mac));
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
     }
 
     @NonNull
     private BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator() throws Exception {
+        return makeBpfCoordinator(true /* addDefaultIpServer */);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private BpfCoordinator makeBpfCoordinator(boolean addDefaultIpServer) throws Exception {
         // mStatsManager will be invoked twice if BpfCoordinator is created the second time.
         clearInvocations(mStatsManager);
+        ArgumentCaptor<NeighborEventConsumer> neighborCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NeighborEventConsumer.class);
+        doReturn(mIpNeighborMonitor).when(mDeps).getIpNeighborMonitor(neighborCaptor.capture());
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = new BpfCoordinator(mDeps);
+        mNeighborEventConsumer = neighborCaptor.getValue();
+        assertNotNull(mNeighborEventConsumer);
 
         mConsumer = coordinator.getBpfConntrackEventConsumerForTesting();
         mTetherClients = coordinator.getTetherClientsForTesting();
@@ -681,6 +612,10 @@
         mTetherStatsProviderCb = new TestableNetworkStatsProviderCbBinder();
         mTetherStatsProvider.setProviderCallbackBinder(mTetherStatsProviderCb);
 
+        if (addDefaultIpServer) {
+            coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
+        }
+
         return coordinator;
     }
 
@@ -1008,7 +943,6 @@
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         // InOrder is required because mBpfStatsMap may be accessed by both
         // BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadRuleAdd and BpfCoordinator#tetherOffloadGetAndClearStats.
@@ -1020,19 +954,18 @@
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule downstreamRule = buildTestDownstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
                 true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, upstreamRule);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, downstreamRule);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(inOrder, downstreamRule);
 
         // Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff to BPF.
         updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
                 buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, downstreamRule);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, upstreamRule);
         verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
@@ -1056,7 +989,6 @@
 
         doReturn(usingApiS).when(mDeps).isAtLeastS();
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
@@ -1092,7 +1024,6 @@
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         final String wlanIface = "wlan0";
         final Integer wlanIfIndex = 100;
@@ -1148,7 +1079,7 @@
         // [3] Stop coordinator.
         // Shutdown the coordinator and clear the invocation history, especially the
         // tetherOffloadGetStats() calls.
-        coordinator.stopPolling();
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         clearStatsInvocations();
 
         // Verify the polling update thread stopped.
@@ -1162,7 +1093,6 @@
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 100;
@@ -1350,7 +1280,6 @@
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final int mobileIfIndex = 100;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         // [1] Default limit.
         // Set the unlimited quota as default if the service has never applied a data limit for a
@@ -1358,8 +1287,8 @@
         final Ipv6UpstreamRule rule = buildTestUpstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfUpstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap, mBpfStatsMap);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
                 true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, rule);
@@ -1395,7 +1324,6 @@
 
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final int mobileIfIndex = 100;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         // Applying a data limit to the current upstream does not take any immediate action.
         // The data limit could be only set on an upstream which has rules.
@@ -1408,31 +1336,30 @@
         // Adding the first rule on current upstream immediately sends the quota to BPF.
         final Ipv6UpstreamRule ruleA = buildTestUpstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, mobileIfIndex, limit, true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleA);
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
 
         // Adding the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota to BPF.
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer2);
         final Ipv6UpstreamRule ruleB = buildTestUpstreamRule(
                 mobileIfIndex, DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIX, DOWNSTREAM_MAC2);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer2, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer2, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleB);
         verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
 
         // Removing the second rule on current upstream does not send the quota to BPF.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer2, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer2, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleB);
         verifyNeverTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder);
 
         // Removing the last rule on current upstream immediately sends the cleanup stuff to BPF.
         updateStatsEntryForTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(
                 buildTestTetherStatsParcel(mobileIfIndex, 0, 0, 0, 0));
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, NO_UPSTREAM, NO_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, ruleA);
         verifyTetherOffloadGetAndClearStats(inOrder, mobileIfIndex);
         inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
@@ -1448,8 +1375,6 @@
         final String mobileIface = "rmnet_data0";
         final Integer ethIfIndex = 100;
         final Integer mobileIfIndex = 101;
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(ethIfIndex, ethIface);
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(mobileIfIndex, mobileIface);
 
         final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map, mBpfLimitMap,
                 mBpfStatsMap);
@@ -1470,14 +1395,14 @@
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule ethernetRuleB = buildTestDownstreamRule(
                 ethIfIndex, NEIGH_B, MAC_B);
 
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, ethIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, ethIfIndex, ethIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyTetherOffloadSetInterfaceQuota(inOrder, ethIfIndex, QUOTA_UNLIMITED,
                 true /* isInit */);
         verifyAddUpstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetUpstreamRule);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, ethernetRuleA);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleA);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, ethernetRuleB);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_B, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_B);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleB);
 
         // [2] Update the existing rules from Ethernet to cellular.
@@ -1494,8 +1419,8 @@
 
         // Update the existing rules for upstream changes. The rules are removed and re-added one
         // by one for updating upstream interface index and prefixes by #tetherOffloadRuleUpdate.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, mobileIfIndex, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, mobileIfIndex, mobileIface, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleA);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetRuleB);
         verifyRemoveUpstreamRule(inOrder, ethernetUpstreamRule);
@@ -1532,7 +1457,6 @@
         // #makeBpfCoordinator for testing.
         // See #testBpfDisabledbyNoBpfDownstream6Map.
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         // The tether stats polling task should not be scheduled.
         mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
@@ -1549,7 +1473,7 @@
         final InetAddress neigh = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
         final MacAddress mac = MacAddress.fromString("00:00:00:00:00:0a");
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule rule = buildTestDownstreamRule(ifIndex, neigh, mac);
-        coordinator.addIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, rule);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, neigh, NUD_REACHABLE, mac);
         verifyNeverAddDownstreamRule();
         LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6DownstreamRule> rules =
                 coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
@@ -1561,7 +1485,7 @@
         rules = new LinkedHashMap<Inet6Address, Ipv6DownstreamRule>();
         rules.put(rule.address, rule);
         coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().put(mIpServer, rules);
-        coordinator.removeIpv6DownstreamRule(mIpServer, rule);
+        recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, neigh, NUD_STALE, mac);
         verifyNeverRemoveDownstreamRule();
         rules = coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
         assertNotNull(rules);
@@ -1575,8 +1499,8 @@
         assertEquals(1, rules.size());
 
         // The rule can't be updated.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS,
-                rule.upstreamIfindex + 1 /* new */, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        coordinator.updateIpv6UpstreamInterface(mIpServer, rule.upstreamIfindex + 1 /* new */,
+                UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyNeverRemoveDownstreamRule();
         verifyNeverAddDownstreamRule();
         rules = coordinator.getIpv6DownstreamRulesForTesting().get(mIpServer);
@@ -1753,18 +1677,14 @@
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
 
         // [1] The default polling interval.
-        coordinator.startPolling();
         assertEquals(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
-        coordinator.stopPolling();
 
         // [2] Expect the invalid polling interval isn't applied. The valid range of interval is
         // DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS..max_long.
         for (final int interval
                 : new int[] {0, 100, DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS - 1}) {
             when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(interval);
-            coordinator.startPolling();
             assertEquals(DEFAULT_TETHER_OFFLOAD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
-            coordinator.stopPolling();
         }
 
         // [3] Set a specific polling interval which is larger than default value.
@@ -1772,7 +1692,6 @@
         // approximation is used to verify the scheduled time of the polling thread.
         final int pollingInterval = 100_000;
         when(mTetherConfig.getOffloadPollInterval()).thenReturn(pollingInterval);
-        coordinator.startPolling();
 
         // Expect the specific polling interval to be applied.
         assertEquals(pollingInterval, coordinator.getPollingInterval());
@@ -1800,19 +1719,19 @@
     public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoring() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
-        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator(false /* addDefaultIpServer */);
 
         // [1] Don't stop monitoring if it has never started.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
 
         // [2] Start monitoring.
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).start();
         clearInvocations(mConntrackMonitor);
 
         // [3] Stop monitoring.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).stop();
     }
 
@@ -1823,12 +1742,12 @@
     public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoring_R() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
-        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator(false /* addDefaultIpServer */);
 
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
 
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
     }
 
@@ -1837,23 +1756,23 @@
     public void testStartStopConntrackMonitoringWithTwoDownstreamIfaces() throws Exception {
         setupFunctioningNetdInterface();
 
-        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
+        final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator(false /* addDefaultIpServer */);
 
         // [1] Start monitoring at the first IpServer adding.
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).start();
         clearInvocations(mConntrackMonitor);
 
         // [2] Don't start monitoring at the second IpServer adding.
-        coordinator.startMonitoring(mIpServer2);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer2);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).start();
 
         // [3] Don't stop monitoring if any downstream interface exists.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer2);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer2);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor, never()).stop();
 
         // [4] Stop monitoring if no downstream exists.
-        coordinator.stopMonitoring(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
         verify(mConntrackMonitor).stop();
     }
 
@@ -2016,9 +1935,8 @@
     public void testAddDevMapRule6() throws Exception {
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
 
-        coordinator.maybeAddUpstreamToLookupTable(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
                 eq(new TetherDevValue(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)));
         verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
@@ -2027,8 +1945,9 @@
 
         // Adding the second downstream, only the second downstream ifindex is added to DevMap,
         // the existing upstream ifindex won't be added again.
-        coordinator.updateAllIpv6Rules(
-                mIpServer2, DOWNSTREAM_IFACE_PARAMS2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+        coordinator.addIpServer(mIpServer2);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verify(mBpfDevMap).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2)),
                 eq(new TetherDevValue(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX2)));
         verify(mBpfDevMap, never()).updateEntry(eq(new TetherDevKey(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX)),
@@ -2087,7 +2006,6 @@
                 .startMocking();
         try {
             final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-            coordinator.startPolling();
             bpfMap.insertEntry(tcpKey, tcpValue);
             bpfMap.insertEntry(udpKey, udpValue);
 
@@ -2116,7 +2034,7 @@
             ExtendedMockito.clearInvocations(staticMockMarker(NetlinkUtils.class));
 
             // [3] Don't refresh conntrack timeout if polling stopped.
-            coordinator.stopPolling();
+            coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
             mTestLooper.moveTimeForward(CONNTRACK_TIMEOUT_UPDATE_INTERVAL_MS);
             waitForIdle();
             ExtendedMockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions(staticMockMarker(NetlinkUtils.class));
@@ -2855,8 +2773,9 @@
         final int myIfindex = DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX;
         final int notMyIfindex = myIfindex - 1;
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
 
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
         verifyNoMoreInteractions(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
 
@@ -2905,10 +2824,8 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mNetd, mBpfDownstream6Map, mBpfUpstream6Map);
-        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
-        lp.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp, -1);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule ruleA2 = buildTestDownstreamRule(
                 UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
         final Ipv6DownstreamRule ruleB2 = buildTestDownstreamRule(
@@ -2922,11 +2839,9 @@
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(inOrder);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
-        // Upstream link addresses change result in updating the rules.
-        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties();
-        lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
-        lp2.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, -1);
+        // Upstream prefixes change result in updating the rules.
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ruleA2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(inOrder, ruleB2);
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
@@ -2936,7 +2851,7 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // When the upstream is lost, rules are removed.
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, null, null, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(inOrder, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleA2);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleB2);
@@ -2947,7 +2862,7 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // If the upstream is IPv4-only, no IPv6 rules are added to BPF map.
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
@@ -2957,8 +2872,8 @@
 
         // Rules can be added again once upstream IPv6 connectivity is available. The existing rules
         // with an upstream of NO_UPSTREAM are reapplied.
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, NEIGH_B, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_B);
@@ -2966,23 +2881,27 @@
 
         // If upstream IPv6 connectivity is lost, rules are removed.
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, null, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleB);
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
 
         // When upstream IPv6 connectivity comes back, upstream rules are added and downstream rules
         // are reapplied.
-        lp.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE, lp, -1);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         verifyAddDownstreamRule(ruleB);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // When the downstream interface goes down, rules are removed.
-        ipServer.stop();
-        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        // Simulate receiving CMD_INTERFACE_DOWN in the BaseServingState of IpServer.
+        reset(mIpNeighborMonitor);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(coordinator, mIpServer, NO_UPSTREAM, null, NO_PREFIXES);
+        coordinator.tetherOffloadClientClear(mIpServer);
+        coordinator.removeIpServer(mIpServer);
+
         verifyStopUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleA);
         verifyRemoveDownstreamRule(ruleB);
@@ -3004,7 +2923,8 @@
         // [1] Enable BPF offload.
         // A neighbor that is added or deleted causes the rule to be added or removed.
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
@@ -3019,10 +2939,8 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // Upstream IPv6 connectivity change causes upstream rules change.
-        LinkProperties lp2 = new LinkProperties();
-        lp2.setInterfaceName(UPSTREAM_IFACE2);
-        lp2.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES2);
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         verifyStartUpstreamIpv6Forwarding(null, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES2);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
@@ -3030,7 +2948,6 @@
         // A neighbor that is added or deleted doesn’t cause the rule to be added or removed.
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator2 = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer2 = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator2);
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
@@ -3043,7 +2960,8 @@
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
 
         // Upstream IPv6 connectivity change doesn't cause the rule to be added or removed.
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, lp2, 0);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer2, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX2, UPSTREAM_IFACE2, NO_PREFIXES);
         verifyNoUpstreamIpv6ForwardingChange(null);
         verifyNeverRemoveDownstreamRule();
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
@@ -3053,7 +2971,6 @@
     public void doesNotStartIpNeighborMonitorIfBpfOffloadDisabled() throws Exception {
         when(mTetherConfig.isBpfOffloadEnabled()).thenReturn(false);
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
 
         // IP neighbor monitor doesn't start if BPF offload is disabled.
         verify(mIpNeighborMonitor, never()).start();
@@ -3062,15 +2979,10 @@
     @Test
     public void testSkipVirtualNetworkInBpf() throws Exception {
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
-        final LinkProperties v6Only = new LinkProperties();
-        v6Only.setInterfaceName(IPSEC_IFACE);
-        v6Only.setLinkAddresses(UPSTREAM_ADDRESSES);
 
         resetNetdAndBpfMaps();
-        dispatchTetherConnectionChanged(ipServer, IPSEC_IFACE, v6Only, 0);
-        verify(mNetd).tetherAddForward(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, IPSEC_IFACE);
-        verify(mNetd).ipfwdAddInterfaceForward(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, IPSEC_IFACE);
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, IPSEC_IFINDEX, IPSEC_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
         verifyNeverAddUpstreamRule();
 
         recvNewNeigh(DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
@@ -3080,7 +2992,6 @@
     @Test
     public void addRemoveTetherClient() throws Exception {
         final BpfCoordinator coordinator = makeBpfCoordinator();
-        final IpServer ipServer = makeAndStartIpServer(DOWNSTREAM_IFACE, coordinator);
         final int myIfindex = DOWNSTREAM_IFINDEX;
         final int notMyIfindex = myIfindex - 1;
 
@@ -3089,33 +3000,36 @@
         final InetAddress neighLL = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("169.254.0.1");
         final InetAddress neighMC = InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("224.0.0.1");
 
+        dispatchIpv6UpstreamChanged(
+                coordinator, mIpServer, UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, UPSTREAM_IFACE, UPSTREAM_PREFIXES);
+
         // Events on other interfaces are ignored.
         recvNewNeigh(notMyIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(ipServer));
+        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(mIpServer));
 
         // Events on this interface are received and sent to BpfCoordinator.
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertClientInfoExists(ipServer,
+        assertClientInfoExists(mIpServer,
                 new ClientInfo(myIfindex, DOWNSTREAM_MAC, (Inet4Address) neighA, MAC_A));
 
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_B);
-        assertClientInfoExists(ipServer,
+        assertClientInfoExists(mIpServer,
                 new ClientInfo(myIfindex, DOWNSTREAM_MAC, (Inet4Address) neighB, MAC_B));
 
         // Link-local and multicast neighbors are ignored.
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighLL, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(ipServer, (Inet4Address) neighLL);
+        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(mIpServer, (Inet4Address) neighLL);
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighMC, NUD_REACHABLE, MAC_A);
-        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(ipServer, (Inet4Address) neighMC);
+        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(mIpServer, (Inet4Address) neighMC);
 
         // A neighbor that is no longer valid causes the client to be removed.
         // NUD_FAILED events do not have a MAC address.
         recvNewNeigh(myIfindex, neighA, NUD_FAILED, null);
-        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(ipServer, (Inet4Address) neighA);
+        assertClientInfoDoesNotExist(mIpServer, (Inet4Address) neighA);
 
         // A neighbor that is deleted causes the client to be removed.
         recvDelNeigh(myIfindex, neighB, NUD_STALE, MAC_B);
         // When last client information is deleted, IpServer will be removed from mTetherClients
-        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(ipServer));
+        assertNull(mTetherClients.get(mIpServer));
     }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt
index f8e98e3..2417385 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/StateMachineShimTest.kt
@@ -19,9 +19,10 @@
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.internal.util.State
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachineShim.AsyncStateMachine
 import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.StateMachineShim.Dependencies
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
diff --git a/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h b/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
index f3c7de5..1511ee5 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/bpf_net_helpers.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 // this returns 0 iff skb->sk is NULL
 static uint64_t (*bpf_get_socket_cookie)(struct __sk_buff* skb) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_cookie;
+static uint64_t (*bpf_get_sk_cookie)(struct bpf_sock* sk) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_cookie;
 
 static uint32_t (*bpf_get_socket_uid)(struct __sk_buff* skb) = (void*)BPF_FUNC_get_socket_uid;
 
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.c b/bpf_progs/netd.c
index c3acaad..b3cde45 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.c
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(ingress_discard_map, HASH, IngressDiscardKey, IngressDiscardValue,
                        INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_SIZE)
 
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(lock_array_test_map, ARRAY, uint32_t, bool, 1)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_RW_NETD(lock_hash_test_map, HASH, uint32_t, bool, 1)
+
 /* never actually used from ebpf */
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_NO_NETD(iface_index_name_map, HASH, uint32_t, IfaceValue, IFACE_INDEX_NAME_MAP_SIZE)
 
@@ -139,6 +142,11 @@
 #define DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog) \
     DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, KVER_NONE)
 
+#define DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, minKV)            \
+    DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, minKV,                        \
+                        KVER_INF, BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION, BPFLOADER_MAX_VER, MANDATORY,     \
+                        "fs_bpf_netd_readonly", "", LOAD_ON_ENG, LOAD_ON_USER, LOAD_ON_USERDEBUG)
+
 // programs that only need to be usable by the system server
 #define DEFINE_SYS_BPF_PROG(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog) \
     DEFINE_BPF_PROG_EXT(SECTION_NAME, prog_uid, prog_gid, the_prog, KVER_NONE, KVER_INF,  \
@@ -666,13 +674,86 @@
     return permissions ? *permissions : BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 }
 
-DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsock/inet/create", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet_socket_create,
+DEFINE_NETD_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsock/inet_create", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet_socket_create,
                           KVER_4_14)
 (struct bpf_sock* sk) {
     // A return value of 1 means allow, everything else means deny.
     return (get_app_permissions() & BPF_PERMISSION_INTERNET) ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("cgroupsockrelease/inet_release", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT,
+                            inet_socket_release, KVER_5_10)
+(struct bpf_sock* sk) {
+    uint64_t cookie = bpf_get_sk_cookie(sk);
+    if (cookie) bpf_cookie_tag_map_delete_elem(&cookie);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static __always_inline inline int check_localhost(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    // See include/uapi/linux/bpf.h:
+    //
+    // struct bpf_sock_addr {
+    //   __u32 user_family;	//     R: 4 byte
+    //   __u32 user_ip4;	// BE, R: 1,2,4-byte,   W: 4-byte
+    //   __u32 user_ip6[4];	// BE, R: 1,2,4,8-byte, W: 4,8-byte
+    //   __u32 user_port;	// BE, R: 1,2,4-byte,   W: 4-byte
+    //   __u32 family;		//     R: 4 byte
+    //   __u32 type;		//     R: 4 byte
+    //   __u32 protocol;	//     R: 4 byte
+    //   __u32 msg_src_ip4;	// BE, R: 1,2,4-byte,   W: 4-byte
+    //   __u32 msg_src_ip6[4];	// BE, R: 1,2,4,8-byte, W: 4,8-byte
+    //   __bpf_md_ptr(struct bpf_sock *, sk);
+    // };
+    return 1;
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect4/inet4_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet4_connect, KVER_4_14)
+(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    return check_localhost(ctx);
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("connect6/inet6_connect", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, inet6_connect, KVER_4_14)
+(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    return check_localhost(ctx);
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg4/udp4_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_recvmsg, KVER_4_14)
+(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    return check_localhost(ctx);
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("recvmsg6/udp6_recvmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_recvmsg, KVER_4_14)
+(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    return check_localhost(ctx);
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg4/udp4_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp4_sendmsg, KVER_4_14)
+(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    return check_localhost(ctx);
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("sendmsg6/udp6_sendmsg", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, udp6_sendmsg, KVER_4_14)
+(struct bpf_sock_addr *ctx) {
+    return check_localhost(ctx);
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("getsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, getsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
+(struct bpf_sockopt *ctx) {
+    // Tell kernel to return 'original' kernel reply (instead of the bpf modified buffer)
+    // This is important if the answer is larger than PAGE_SIZE (max size this bpf hook can provide)
+    ctx->optlen = 0;
+    return 1; // ALLOW
+}
+
+DEFINE_NETD_V_BPF_PROG_KVER("setsockopt/prog", AID_ROOT, AID_ROOT, setsockopt_prog, KVER_5_4)
+(struct bpf_sockopt *ctx) {
+    // Tell kernel to use/process original buffer provided by userspace.
+    // This is important if it is larger than PAGE_SIZE (max size this bpf hook can handle).
+    ctx->optlen = 0;
+    return 1; // ALLOW
+}
+
 LICENSE("Apache 2.0");
 CRITICAL("Connectivity and netd");
 DISABLE_BTF_ON_USER_BUILDS();
diff --git a/bpf_progs/netd.h b/bpf_progs/netd.h
index 8a56b4a..4877a4b 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/netd.h
+++ b/bpf_progs/netd.h
@@ -155,7 +155,16 @@
 ASSERT_STRING_EQUAL(XT_BPF_ALLOWLIST_PROG_PATH, BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_skfilter_allowlist_xtbpf");
 ASSERT_STRING_EQUAL(XT_BPF_DENYLIST_PROG_PATH,  BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_skfilter_denylist_xtbpf");
 
-#define CGROUP_SOCKET_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupsock_inet_create"
+#define CGROUP_INET_CREATE_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupsock_inet_create"
+#define CGROUP_INET_RELEASE_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_cgroupsockrelease_inet_release"
+#define CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_connect4_inet4_connect"
+#define CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_connect6_inet6_connect"
+#define CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_recvmsg4_udp4_recvmsg"
+#define CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_recvmsg6_udp6_recvmsg"
+#define CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_sendmsg4_udp4_sendmsg"
+#define CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_sendmsg6_udp6_sendmsg"
+#define CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_getsockopt_prog"
+#define CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH "prog_netd_setsockopt_prog"
 
 #define TC_BPF_INGRESS_ACCOUNT_PROG_NAME "prog_netd_schedact_ingress_account"
 #define TC_BPF_INGRESS_ACCOUNT_PROG_PATH BPF_NETD_PATH TC_BPF_INGRESS_ACCOUNT_PROG_NAME
@@ -261,5 +270,5 @@
 static inline bool is_system_uid(uint32_t uid) {
     // MIN_SYSTEM_UID is AID_ROOT == 0, so uint32_t is *always* >= 0
     // MAX_SYSTEM_UID is AID_NOBODY == 9999, while AID_APP_START == 10000
-    return (uid < AID_APP_START);
+    return ((uid % AID_USER_OFFSET) < AID_APP_START);
 }
diff --git a/bpf_progs/test.c b/bpf_progs/test.c
index fff3512..6a4471c 100644
--- a/bpf_progs/test.c
+++ b/bpf_progs/test.c
@@ -45,6 +45,10 @@
 // Used only by TetheringPrivilegedTests, not by production code.
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether_downstream6_map, HASH, TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value, 16,
                    TETHERING_GID)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether2_downstream6_map, HASH, TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value, 16,
+                   TETHERING_GID)
+DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(tether3_downstream6_map, HASH, TetherDownstream6Key, Tether6Value, 16,
+                   TETHERING_GID)
 // Used only by BpfBitmapTest, not by production code.
 DEFINE_BPF_MAP_GRW(bitmap, ARRAY, int, uint64_t, 2, TETHERING_GID)
 
diff --git a/common/flags.aconfig b/common/flags.aconfig
index 6c3e89d..b320b61 100644
--- a/common/flags.aconfig
+++ b/common/flags.aconfig
@@ -107,3 +107,19 @@
   description: "Flag for BLOCKED_REASON_NETWORK_RESTRICTED API"
   bug: "339559837"
 }
+
+flag {
+  name: "net_capability_not_bandwidth_constrained"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED API"
+  bug: "343823469"
+}
+
+flag {
+  name: "tethering_request_virtual"
+  is_exported: true
+  namespace: "android_core_networking"
+  description: "Flag for introducing TETHERING_VIRTUAL type"
+  bug: "340376953"
+}
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index bc919ac..f076f5b 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -201,6 +201,9 @@
         "com.android.net.thread.flags-aconfig",
         "nearby_flags",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
 
 // This rule is not used anymore(b/268440216).
diff --git a/framework-t/lint-baseline.xml b/framework-t/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e206ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/framework-t/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,1313 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `SERVICE_NAME` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (ThreadNetworkFlags.threadEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `registerServiceWrappers` with `@FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                ThreadNetworkManager.SERVICE_NAME,"
+        errorLine2="                                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java"
+            line="101"
+            column="38"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Class `ThreadNetworkManager` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (ThreadNetworkFlags.threadEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `registerServiceWrappers` with `@FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                ThreadNetworkManager.class,"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java"
+            line="102"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Method `ThreadNetworkManager()` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (ThreadNetworkFlags.threadEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `registerServiceWrappers` with `@FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                    return new ThreadNetworkManager(context, managerService);"
+        errorLine2="                           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/ConnectivityFrameworkInitializerTiramisu.java"
+            line="106"
+            column="28"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
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+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="@FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.net.flags.register_nsd_offload_engine_api&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/OffloadServiceInfo.java"
+            line="43"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
index 2f675a9..d8cccb2 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/nsd/NsdServiceInfo.java
@@ -180,8 +180,18 @@
         return new ArrayList<>(mHostAddresses);
     }
 
-    /** Set the host addresses */
+    /**
+     * Set the host addresses.
+     *
+     * <p>When registering hosts/services, there can only be one registration including address
+     * records for a given hostname.
+     *
+     * <p>For example, if a client registers a service with the hostname "MyHost" and the address
+     * records of 192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2, then other registrations for the hostname "MyHost"
+     * must not have any address record, otherwise there will be a conflict.
+     */
     public void setHostAddresses(@NonNull List<InetAddress> addresses) {
+        // TODO: b/284905335 - Notify the client when there is a conflict.
         mHostAddresses.clear();
         mHostAddresses.addAll(addresses);
     }
diff --git a/framework/api/current.txt b/framework/api/current.txt
index ef8415c..7bc0cf3 100644
--- a/framework/api/current.txt
+++ b/framework/api/current.txt
@@ -337,6 +337,7 @@
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MCX = 23; // 0x17
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMS = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_MMTEL = 33; // 0x21
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.net_capability_not_bandwidth_constrained") public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED = 37; // 0x25
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED = 20; // 0x14
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED = 11; // 0xb
     field public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED = 13; // 0xd
diff --git a/framework/lint-baseline.xml b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
index 2c0b15f..dddabef 100644
--- a/framework/lint-baseline.xml
+++ b/framework/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -375,4 +375,279 @@
             column="34"/>
     </issue>
 
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.basicBackgroundRestrictionsEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="115"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="137"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER,"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="146"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN"
+        errorLine2="            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsConstants.java"
+            line="147"
+            column="13"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.basicBackgroundRestrictionsEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_BACKGROUND:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="133"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="143"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="145"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getMatchByFirewallChain` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_ADMIN:"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="147"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.basicBackgroundRestrictionsEnabled())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BASIC_BACKGROUND_RESTRICTIONS_ENABLED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_APP_BACKGROUND;"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="293"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.blockedReasonOemDenyChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getUidNetworkingBlockedReasons` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            blockedReasons |= BLOCKED_REASON_OEM_DENY;"
+        errorLine2="                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java"
+            line="296"
+            column="31"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `addUidToMeteredNetworkAllowList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6191"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `removeUidFromMeteredNetworkAllowList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_ALLOW, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6214"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `addUidToMeteredNetworkDenyList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_DENY);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6243"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.meteredNetworkFirewallChains())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `removeUidFromMeteredNetworkDenyList` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.METERED_NETWORK_FIREWALL_CHAINS) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            mService.setUidFirewallRule(FIREWALL_CHAIN_METERED_DENY_USER, uid, FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW);"
+        errorLine2="                                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java"
+            line="6273"
+            column="41"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED;"
+        errorLine2="                                                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="767"
+            column="51"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            defaultCapabilities |= (1L &lt;&lt; NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);"
+        errorLine2="                                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="818"
+            column="43"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            (1L &lt;&lt; NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);"
+        errorLine2="                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="849"
+            column="20"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Method `getSubscriptionIds()` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.requestRestrictedWifi())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `restrictCapabilitiesForTestNetwork` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="        final Set&lt;Integer> originalSubIds = getSubscriptionIds();"
+        errorLine2="                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="1254"
+            column="45"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TRANSPORT_SATELLITE` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.supportTransportSatellite())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="    public static final int MAX_TRANSPORT = TRANSPORT_SATELLITE;"
+        errorLine2="                                            ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="1383"
+            column="45"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TRANSPORT_SATELLITE` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.supportTransportSatellite())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `specifierAcceptableForMultipleTransports` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                == (1 &lt;&lt; TRANSPORT_CELLULAR | 1 &lt;&lt; TRANSPORT_SATELLITE);"
+        errorLine2="                                                   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="1836"
+            column="52"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityLocalNetwork())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `capabilityNameOf` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK:        return &quot;LOCAL_NETWORK&quot;;"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="2637"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `capabilityNameOf` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED:    return &quot;NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED&quot;;"
+        errorLine2="                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java"
+            line="2638"
+            column="18"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `TRANSPORT_SATELLITE` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.supportTransportSatellite())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="        TRANSPORT_SATELLITE"
+        errorLine2="        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.java"
+            line="80"
+            column="9"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Field `NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.netCapabilityNotBandwidthConstrained())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `?` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
+            line="291"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="Method `getSubscriptionIds()` is a flagged API and should be inside an `if (Flags.requestRestrictedWifi())` check (or annotate the surrounding method `getSubscriptionIds` with `@FlaggedApi(Flags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI) to transfer requirement to caller`)"
+        errorLine1="        return networkCapabilities.getSubscriptionIds();"
+        errorLine2="               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java"
+            line="887"
+            column="16"/>
+    </issue>
+
 </issues>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
index 4099e2a..282a11e 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/BpfNetMapsUtils.java
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Pair;
@@ -330,9 +331,9 @@
     ) {
         throwIfPreT("isUidBlockedByFirewallChains is not available on pre-T devices");
 
-        // System uid is not blocked by firewall chains, see bpf_progs/netd.c
-        // TODO: use UserHandle.isCore() once it is accessible
-        if (uid < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
+        // System uids are not blocked by firewall chains, see bpf_progs/netd.c
+        // TODO: b/348513058 - use UserHandle.isCore() once it is accessible
+        if (UserHandle.getAppId(uid) < Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID) {
             return false;
         }
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 4eaf973..ffaf41f 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -71,23 +71,29 @@
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
+import android.util.LruCache;
 import android.util.Range;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 
 import libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
+import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -1231,6 +1237,19 @@
     @GuardedBy("mTetheringEventCallbacks")
     private TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
 
+    // Cache of the most recently used NetworkCallback classes (not instances) -> method flags.
+    // 100 is chosen kind arbitrarily as an unlikely number of different types of NetworkCallback
+    // overrides that a process may have, and should generally not be reached (for example, the
+    // system server services.jar has been observed with dexdump to have only 16 when this was
+    // added, and a very large system services app only had 18).
+    // If this number is exceeded, the code will still function correctly, but re-registering
+    // using a network callback class that was used before, but 100+ other classes have been used in
+    // the meantime, will be a bit slower (as slow as the first registration) because
+    // getDeclaredMethodsFlag must re-examine the callback class to determine what methods it
+    // overrides.
+    private static final LruCache<Class<? extends NetworkCallback>, Integer> sMethodFlagsCache =
+            new LruCache<>(100);
+
     private final Object mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeaturesLock = new Object();
     // mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures is lazy-loaded in this ConnectivityManager instance, but
     // fetched from ConnectivityService, where it is loaded in ConnectivityService startup, so it
@@ -3996,6 +4015,55 @@
      */
     public static class NetworkCallback {
         /**
+         * Bitmask of method flags with all flags set.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int DECLARED_METHODS_ALL = ~0;
+
+        /**
+         * Bitmask of method flags with no flag set.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        public static final int DECLARED_METHODS_NONE = 0;
+
+        // Tracks whether an instance was created via reflection without calling the constructor.
+        private final boolean mConstructorWasCalled;
+
+        /**
+         * Annotation for NetworkCallback methods to verify filtering is configured properly.
+         *
+         * This is only used in tests to ensure that tests fail when a new callback is added, or
+         * callbacks are modified, without updating
+         * {@link NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder#NETWORK_CB_METHODS} properly.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
+        @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        public @interface FilteredCallback {
+            /**
+             * The NetworkCallback.METHOD_* ID of this method.
+             */
+            int methodId();
+
+            /**
+             * The ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_* message that this method is directly called by.
+             *
+             * If this method is not called by any message, this should be
+             * {@link #CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY}.
+             */
+            int calledByCallbackId();
+
+            /**
+             * If this method may call other NetworkCallback methods, an array of methods it calls.
+             *
+             * Only direct calls (not transitive calls) should be included. The IDs must be
+             * NetworkCallback.METHOD_* IDs.
+             */
+            int[] mayCall() default {};
+        }
+
+        /**
          * No flags associated with this callback.
          * @hide
          */
@@ -4058,6 +4126,7 @@
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid flags");
             }
             mFlags = flags;
+            mConstructorWasCalled = true;
         }
 
         /**
@@ -4075,7 +4144,9 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONPRECHECK, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_PRECHECK)
         public void onPreCheck(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONPRECHECK = 1;
 
         /**
          * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
@@ -4090,6 +4161,11 @@
          * @param blocked Whether access to the {@link Network} is blocked due to system policy.
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_5ARGS,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                mayCall = { METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_4ARGS,
+                        METHOD_ONLOCALNETWORKINFOCHANGED,
+                        METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT })
         public final void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
                 @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
@@ -4102,6 +4178,7 @@
             if (null != localInfo) onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(network, localInfo);
             onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked);
         }
+        private static final int METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_5ARGS = 2;
 
         /**
          * Legacy variant of onAvailable that takes a boolean blocked reason.
@@ -4114,6 +4191,13 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_4ARGS,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY,
+                mayCall = { METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_1ARG,
+                        METHOD_ONNETWORKSUSPENDED,
+                        METHOD_ONCAPABILITIESCHANGED,
+                        METHOD_ONLINKPROPERTIESCHANGED
+                })
         public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
                 @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties,
@@ -4127,6 +4211,7 @@
             onLinkPropertiesChanged(network, linkProperties);
             // No call to onBlockedStatusChanged here. That is done by the caller.
         }
+        private static final int METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_4ARGS = 3;
 
         /**
          * Called when the framework connects and has declared a new network ready for use.
@@ -4157,7 +4242,10 @@
          *
          * @param network The {@link Network} of the satisfying network.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_1ARG,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY)
         public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONAVAILABLE_1ARG = 4;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network is about to be lost, typically because there are no outstanding
@@ -4176,7 +4264,9 @@
          *                    connected for graceful handover; note that the network may still
          *                    suffer a hard loss at any time.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLOSING, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_LOSING)
         public void onLosing(@NonNull Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLOSING = 5;
 
         /**
          * Called when a network disconnects or otherwise no longer satisfies this request or
@@ -4197,7 +4287,9 @@
          *
          * @param network The {@link Network} lost.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLOST, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_LOST)
         public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLOST = 6;
 
         /**
          * Called if no network is found within the timeout time specified in
@@ -4207,7 +4299,9 @@
          * {@link NetworkRequest} will have already been removed and released, as if
          * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} had been called.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONUNAVAILABLE, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_UNAVAIL)
         public void onUnavailable() {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONUNAVAILABLE = 7;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network corresponding to this request changes capabilities but still
@@ -4224,8 +4318,11 @@
          * @param networkCapabilities The new {@link NetworkCapabilities} for this
          *                            network.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONCAPABILITIESCHANGED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED)
         public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONCAPABILITIESCHANGED = 8;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network corresponding to this request changes {@link LinkProperties}.
@@ -4240,8 +4337,11 @@
          * @param network The {@link Network} whose link properties have changed.
          * @param linkProperties The new {@link LinkProperties} for this network.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLINKPROPERTIESCHANGED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED)
         public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLINKPROPERTIESCHANGED = 9;
 
         /**
          * Called when there is a change in the {@link LocalNetworkInfo} for this network.
@@ -4253,8 +4353,11 @@
          * @param localNetworkInfo the new {@link LocalNetworkInfo} for this network.
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONLOCALNETWORKINFOCHANGED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED)
         public void onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(@NonNull Network network,
                 @NonNull LocalNetworkInfo localNetworkInfo) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONLOCALNETWORKINFOCHANGED = 10;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request suspends data
@@ -4273,7 +4376,10 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONNETWORKSUSPENDED,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_SUSPENDED)
         public void onNetworkSuspended(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONNETWORKSUSPENDED = 11;
 
         /**
          * Called when the network the framework connected to for this request
@@ -4287,7 +4393,9 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONNETWORKRESUMED, calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_RESUMED)
         public void onNetworkResumed(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONNETWORKRESUMED = 12;
 
         /**
          * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked.
@@ -4300,7 +4408,10 @@
          * @param network The {@link Network} whose blocked status has changed.
          * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_BOOL,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY)
         public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, boolean blocked) {}
+        private static final int METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_BOOL = 13;
 
         /**
          * Called when access to the specified network is blocked or unblocked, or the reason for
@@ -4318,10 +4429,14 @@
          * @param blocked The blocked status of this {@link Network}.
          * @hide
          */
+        @FilteredCallback(methodId = METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT,
+                calledByCallbackId = CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED,
+                mayCall = { METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_BOOL })
         @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
         public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, @BlockedReason int blocked) {
             onBlockedStatusChanged(network, blocked != 0);
         }
+        private static final int METHOD_ONBLOCKEDSTATUSCHANGED_INT = 14;
 
         private NetworkRequest networkRequest;
         private final int mFlags;
@@ -4349,6 +4464,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static final int CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY     = 0;
     /** @hide */
     public static final int CALLBACK_PRECHECK                   = 1;
     /** @hide */
@@ -4374,9 +4490,11 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED = 12;
 
+
     /** @hide */
     public static String getCallbackName(int whichCallback) {
         switch (whichCallback) {
+            case CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY: return "CALLBACK_TRANSITIVE_CALLS_ONLY";
             case CALLBACK_PRECHECK:     return "CALLBACK_PRECHECK";
             case CALLBACK_AVAILABLE:    return "CALLBACK_AVAILABLE";
             case CALLBACK_LOSING:       return "CALLBACK_LOSING";
@@ -4394,6 +4512,68 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class NetworkCallbackMethod {
+        @NonNull
+        public final String mName;
+        @NonNull
+        public final Class<?>[] mParameterTypes;
+        // Bitmask of CALLBACK_* that may transitively call this method.
+        public final int mCallbacksCallingThisMethod;
+
+        public NetworkCallbackMethod(@NonNull String name, @NonNull Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
+                int callbacksCallingThisMethod) {
+            mName = name;
+            mParameterTypes = parameterTypes;
+            mCallbacksCallingThisMethod = callbacksCallingThisMethod;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Holder class for the list of NetworkCallbackMethod. This ensures the list is only created
+    // once on first usage, and not just on ConnectivityManager class initialization.
+    /** @hide */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static class NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder {
+        public static final NetworkCallbackMethod[] NETWORK_CB_METHODS =
+                new NetworkCallbackMethod[] {
+                        method("onPreCheck", 1 << CALLBACK_PRECHECK, Network.class),
+                        // Note the final overload of onAvailable is not included, since it cannot
+                        // match any overridden method.
+                        method("onAvailable", 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE, Network.class),
+                        method("onAvailable", 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, NetworkCapabilities.class,
+                                LinkProperties.class, boolean.class),
+                        method("onLosing", 1 << CALLBACK_LOSING, Network.class, int.class),
+                        method("onLost", 1 << CALLBACK_LOST, Network.class),
+                        method("onUnavailable", 1 << CALLBACK_UNAVAIL),
+                        method("onCapabilitiesChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, NetworkCapabilities.class),
+                        method("onLinkPropertiesChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, LinkProperties.class),
+                        method("onLocalNetworkInfoChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, LocalNetworkInfo.class),
+                        method("onNetworkSuspended",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_SUSPENDED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE, Network.class),
+                        method("onNetworkResumed",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_RESUMED, Network.class),
+                        method("onBlockedStatusChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, boolean.class),
+                        method("onBlockedStatusChanged",
+                                1 << CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED | 1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE,
+                                Network.class, int.class),
+                };
+
+        private static NetworkCallbackMethod method(
+                String name, int callbacksCallingThisMethod, Class<?>... args) {
+            return new NetworkCallbackMethod(name, args, callbacksCallingThisMethod);
+        }
+    }
+
     private static class CallbackHandler extends Handler {
         private static final String TAG = "ConnectivityManager.CallbackHandler";
         private static final boolean DBG = false;
@@ -4513,6 +4693,14 @@
         if (reqType != TRACK_DEFAULT && reqType != TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT && need == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("null NetworkCapabilities");
         }
+
+
+        final boolean useDeclaredMethods = isFeatureEnabled(
+                FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS);
+        // Set all bits if the feature is disabled
+        int declaredMethodsFlag = useDeclaredMethods
+                ? tryGetDeclaredMethodsFlag(callback)
+                : NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
         final NetworkRequest request;
         final String callingPackageName = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         try {
@@ -4529,11 +4717,12 @@
                 if (reqType == LISTEN) {
                     request = mService.listenForNetwork(
                             need, messenger, binder, callbackFlags, callingPackageName,
-                            getAttributionTag());
+                            getAttributionTag(), declaredMethodsFlag);
                 } else {
                     request = mService.requestNetwork(
                             asUid, need, reqType.ordinal(), messenger, timeoutMs, binder,
-                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName, getAttributionTag());
+                            legacyType, callbackFlags, callingPackageName, getAttributionTag(),
+                            declaredMethodsFlag);
                 }
                 if (request != null) {
                     sCallbacks.put(request, callback);
@@ -4548,6 +4737,108 @@
         return request;
     }
 
+    private int tryGetDeclaredMethodsFlag(@NonNull NetworkCallback cb) {
+        if (!cb.mConstructorWasCalled) {
+            // Do not use the optimization if the callback was created via reflection or mocking,
+            // as for example with dexmaker-mockito-inline methods will be instrumented without
+            // using subclasses. This does not catch all cases as it is still possible to call the
+            // constructor when creating mocks, but by default constructors are not called in that
+            // case.
+            return NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
+        try {
+            return getDeclaredMethodsFlag(cb.getClass());
+        } catch (LinkageError e) {
+            // This may happen if some methods reference inaccessible classes in their arguments
+            // (for example b/261807130).
+            Log.w(TAG, "Could not get methods from NetworkCallback class", e);
+            // Fall through
+        } catch (Throwable e) {
+            // Log.wtf would be best but this is in app process, so the TerribleFailureHandler may
+            // have unknown effects, possibly crashing the app (default behavior on eng builds or
+            // if the WTF_IS_FATAL setting is set).
+            Log.e(TAG, "Unexpected error while getting methods from NetworkCallback class", e);
+            // Fall through
+        }
+        return NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+    }
+
+    private static int getDeclaredMethodsFlag(@NonNull Class<? extends NetworkCallback> clazz) {
+        final Integer cachedFlags = sMethodFlagsCache.get(clazz);
+        // As this is not synchronized, it is possible that this method will calculate the
+        // flags for a given class multiple times, but that is fine. LruCache itself is thread-safe.
+        if (cachedFlags != null) {
+            return cachedFlags;
+        }
+
+        int flag = 0;
+        // This uses getMethods instead of getDeclaredMethods, to make sure that if A overrides B
+        // that overrides NetworkCallback, A.getMethods also returns methods declared by B.
+        for (Method classMethod : clazz.getMethods()) {
+            final Class<?> declaringClass = classMethod.getDeclaringClass();
+            if (declaringClass == NetworkCallback.class) {
+                // The callback is as defined by NetworkCallback and not overridden
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (declaringClass == Object.class) {
+                // Optimization: no need to try to match callbacks for methods declared by Object
+                continue;
+            }
+            flag |= getCallbackIdsCallingThisMethod(classMethod);
+        }
+
+        if (flag == 0) {
+            // dexmaker-mockito-inline (InlineDexmakerMockMaker), for example for mockito-extended,
+            // modifies bytecode of classes in-place to add hooks instead of creating subclasses,
+            // which would not be detected. When no method is found, fall back to enabling callbacks
+            // for all methods.
+            // This will not catch the case where both NetworkCallback bytecode is modified and a
+            // subclass of NetworkCallback that has some overridden methods are used. But this kind
+            // of bytecode injection is only possible in debuggable processes, with a JVMTI debug
+            // agent attached, so it should not cause real issues.
+            // There may be legitimate cases where an empty callback is filed with no method
+            // overridden, for example requestNetwork(requestForCell, new NetworkCallback()) which
+            // would ensure that one cell network stays up. But there is no way to differentiate
+            // such NetworkCallbacks from a mock that called the constructor, so this code will
+            // register the callback with DECLARED_METHODS_ALL and turn off the optimization in that
+            // case. Apps are not expected to do this often anyway since the usefulness is very
+            // limited.
+            flag = NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
+        sMethodFlagsCache.put(clazz, flag);
+        return flag;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find out which of the base methods in NetworkCallback will call this method.
+     *
+     * For example, in the case of onLinkPropertiesChanged, this will be
+     * (1 << CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED) | (1 << CALLBACK_AVAILABLE).
+     */
+    private static int getCallbackIdsCallingThisMethod(@NonNull Method method) {
+        for (NetworkCallbackMethod baseMethod : NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder.NETWORK_CB_METHODS) {
+            if (!baseMethod.mName.equals(method.getName())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            Class<?>[] methodParams = method.getParameterTypes();
+
+            // As per JLS 8.4.8.1., a method m1 must have a subsignature of method m2 to override
+            // it. And as per JLS 8.4.2, this means the erasure of the signature of m2 must be the
+            // same as the signature of m1. Since type erasure is done at compile time, with
+            // reflection the erased types are already observed, so the (erased) parameter types
+            // must be equal.
+            // So for example a method that is identical to a NetworkCallback method, except with
+            // one parameter being a subclass of the parameter in the original method, will never
+            // be called since it is not an override (the erasure of the arguments are not the same)
+            // Therefore, the method is an override only if methodParams is exactly equal to
+            // the base method's parameter types.
+            if (Arrays.equals(baseMethod.mParameterTypes, methodParams)) {
+                return baseMethod.mCallbacksCallingThisMethod;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     private boolean isFeatureEnabled(@ConnectivityManagerFeature long connectivityManagerFeature) {
         synchronized (mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeaturesLock) {
             if (mEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures == null) {
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index f9de8ed..988cc92 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -153,7 +153,8 @@
 
     NetworkRequest requestNetwork(int uid, in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities, int reqType,
             in Messenger messenger, int timeoutSec, in IBinder binder, int legacy,
-            int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
+            int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag,
+            int declaredMethodsFlag);
 
     NetworkRequest pendingRequestForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             in PendingIntent operation, String callingPackageName, String callingAttributionTag);
@@ -162,7 +163,7 @@
 
     NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             in Messenger messenger, in IBinder binder, int callbackFlags, String callingPackageName,
-            String callingAttributionTag);
+            String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlag);
 
     void pendingListenForNetwork(in NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             in PendingIntent operation, String callingPackageName,
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index a5a6723..6a14bde 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 import android.util.Range;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
@@ -135,6 +136,8 @@
                 "com.android.net.flags.request_restricted_wifi";
         static final String SUPPORT_TRANSPORT_SATELLITE =
                 "com.android.net.flags.support_transport_satellite";
+        static final String NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED =
+                "com.android.net.flags.net_capability_not_bandwidth_constrained";
     }
 
     /**
@@ -459,6 +462,7 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY,
             NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH,
             NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -741,7 +745,26 @@
     @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK)
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK = 36;
 
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
+    /**
+     * Indicates that this is not a bandwidth-constrained network.
+     *
+     * Starting from {@link Build.VERSION_CODES.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM}, this capability is by default
+     * set in {@link NetworkRequest}s and true for most networks.
+     *
+     * If a network lacks this capability, it is bandwidth-constrained. Bandwidth constrained
+     * networks cannot support high-bandwidth data transfers and applications that request and use
+     * them must ensure that they limit bandwidth usage to below the values returned by
+     * {@link #getLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps()} and {@link #getLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps()} and
+     * limit the frequency of their network usage. If applications perform high-bandwidth data
+     * transfers on constrained networks or perform network access too frequently, the system may
+     * block the app's access to the network. The system may take other measures to reduce network
+     * usage on constrained networks, such as disabling network access to apps that are not in the
+     * foreground.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED)
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED = 37;
+
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED;
 
     // Set all bits up to the MAX_NET_CAPABILITY-th bit
     private static final long ALL_VALID_CAPABILITIES = (2L << MAX_NET_CAPABILITY) - 1;
@@ -785,10 +808,17 @@
     /**
      * Capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
      */
-    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES =
-            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED) |
-            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED) |
-            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES;
+    static {
+        long defaultCapabilities =
+                (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                | (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED)
+                | (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            defaultCapabilities |= (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);
+        }
+        DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES = defaultCapabilities;
+    }
 
     /**
      * Capabilities that are managed by ConnectivityService.
@@ -815,7 +845,9 @@
             (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING) |
             (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED) |
             (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED) |
-            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED) |
+            (1L << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);
+
 
     /**
      * Extra allowed capabilities for test networks that do not have TRANSPORT_CELLULAR. Test
@@ -2603,6 +2635,7 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY:          return "PRIORITIZE_LATENCY";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH:        return "PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK:        return "LOCAL_NETWORK";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED:    return "NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index f7600b2..502ac6f 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
@@ -286,7 +287,8 @@
                 NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
                 NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
                 NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
-                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED);
+                NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
+                NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);
 
         private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
 
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
index 6b18629..f92cdbb 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilities.java
@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
+        // hashCode it is not implemented in R. Therefore it would be dangerous for
+        // NetworkStack to depend on it.
         return Objects.hash(apfVersionSupported, maximumApfProgramSize, apfPacketFormat);
     }
 
diff --git a/nearby/framework/Android.bp b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
index 4be102c..41a28a0 100644
--- a/nearby/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/nearby/framework/Android.bp
@@ -58,4 +58,7 @@
     visibility: [
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/tests:__subpackages__",
     ],
+    lint: {
+        baseline_filename: "lint-baseline.xml",
+    },
 }
diff --git a/nearby/framework/lint-baseline.xml b/nearby/framework/lint-baseline.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1081ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nearby/framework/lint-baseline.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<issues format="6" by="lint 8.4.0-alpha08" type="baseline" client="" dependencies="true" name="" variant="all" version="8.4.0-alpha08">
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="87"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="95"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="103"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="529"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="573"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+    <issue
+        id="FlaggedApi"
+        message="@FlaggedApi should specify an actual flag constant; raw strings are discouraged (and more importantly, **not enforced**)"
+        errorLine1="    @FlaggedApi(&quot;com.android.nearby.flags.powered_off_finding&quot;)"
+        errorLine2="                ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~">
+        <location
+            file="packages/modules/Connectivity/nearby/framework/java/android/nearby/NearbyManager.java"
+            line="605"
+            column="17"/>
+    </issue>
+
+</issues>
diff --git a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
index 576e806..1e36676 100644
--- a/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
+++ b/nearby/tests/cts/fastpair/src/android/nearby/cts/NearbyManagerTest.java
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 public class NearbyManagerTest {
 
-    @ClassRule static final EnableBluetoothRule sEnableBluetooth = new EnableBluetoothRule();
+    @ClassRule public static final EnableBluetoothRule sEnableBluetooth = new EnableBluetoothRule();
 
     private static final byte[] SALT = new byte[]{1, 2};
     private static final byte[] SECRET_ID = new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4};
diff --git a/netbpfload/Android.bp b/netbpfload/Android.bp
index f278695..908bb13 100644
--- a/netbpfload/Android.bp
+++ b/netbpfload/Android.bp
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@
 // For details of versioned rc files see:
 // https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/HEAD/init/README.md#versioned-rc-files-within-apexs
 prebuilt_etc {
-    name: "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
-    src: "netbpfload.mainline.rc",
+    name: "netbpfload.33rc",
+    src: "netbpfload.33rc",
     filename: "netbpfload.33rc",
     installable: false,
 }
diff --git a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index 80df552..0d4a5c4 100644
--- a/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 using base::StartsWith;
 using base::EndsWith;
 using std::string;
+using std::vector;
 
 static bool exists(const char* const path) {
     int v = access(path, F_OK);
@@ -224,11 +225,6 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static bool isGSI() {
-    // From //system/gsid/libgsi.cpp IsGsiRunning()
-    return !access("/metadata/gsi/dsu/booted", F_OK);
-}
-
 static bool hasGSM() {
     static string ph = base::GetProperty("gsm.current.phone-type", "");
     static bool gsm = (ph != "");
@@ -253,20 +249,72 @@
     return tv;
 }
 
+static bool isWear() {
+    static string wearSdkStr = base::GetProperty("ro.cw_build.wear_sdk.version", "");
+    static int wearSdkInt = base::GetIntProperty("ro.cw_build.wear_sdk.version", 0);
+    static string buildChars = base::GetProperty("ro.build.characteristics", "");
+    static vector<string> v = base::Tokenize(buildChars, ",");
+    static bool watch = (std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), "watch") != v.end());
+    static bool wear = (wearSdkInt > 0) || watch;
+    static bool logged = false;
+    if (!logged) {
+        logged = true;
+        ALOGI("isWear(ro.cw_build.wear_sdk.version=%d[%s] ro.build.characteristics='%s'): %s",
+              wearSdkInt, wearSdkStr.c_str(), buildChars.c_str(), wear ? "true" : "false");
+    }
+    return wear;
+}
+
 static int doLoad(char** argv, char * const envp[]) {
-    const int device_api_level = android_get_device_api_level();
-    const bool isAtLeastT = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
-    const bool isAtLeastU = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
-    const bool isAtLeastV = (device_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_V__);
+    const bool runningAsRoot = !getuid();  // true iff U QPR3 or V+
+
+    // Any released device will have codename REL instead of a 'real' codename.
+    // For safety: default to 'REL' so we default to unreleased=false on failure.
+    const bool unreleased = (base::GetProperty("ro.build.version.codename", "REL") != "REL");
+
+    // goog/main device_api_level is bumped *way* before aosp/main api level
+    // (the latter only gets bumped during the push of goog/main to aosp/main)
+    //
+    // Since we develop in AOSP, we want it to behave as if it was bumped too.
+    //
+    // Note that AOSP doesn't really have a good api level (for example during
+    // early V dev cycle, it would have *all* of T, some but not all of U, and some V).
+    // One could argue that for our purposes AOSP api level should be infinite or 10000.
+    //
+    // This could also cause api to be increased in goog/main or other branches,
+    // but I can't imagine a case where this would be a problem: the problem
+    // is rather a too low api level, rather than some ill defined high value.
+    // For example as I write this aosp is 34/U, and goog is 35/V,
+    // we want to treat both goog & aosp as 35/V, but it's harmless if we
+    // treat goog as 36 because that value isn't yet defined to mean anything,
+    // and we thus never compare against it.
+    //
+    // Also note that 'android_get_device_api_level()' is what the
+    //   //system/core/init/apex_init_util.cpp
+    // apex init .XXrc parsing code uses for XX filtering.
+    //
+    // That code has a hack to bump <35 to 35 (to force aosp/main to parse .35rc),
+    // but could (should?) perhaps be adjusted to match this.
+    const int effective_api_level = android_get_device_api_level() + (int)unreleased;
+    const bool isAtLeastT = (effective_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_T__);
+    const bool isAtLeastU = (effective_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_U__);
+    const bool isAtLeastV = (effective_api_level >= __ANDROID_API_V__);
 
     // last in U QPR2 beta1
     const bool has_platform_bpfloader_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/bpfloader.rc");
     // first in U QPR2 beta~2
     const bool has_platform_netbpfload_rc = exists("/system/etc/init/netbpfload.rc");
 
-    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad (%s) api:%d/%d kver:%07x (%s) rc:%d%d",
-          argv[0], android_get_application_target_sdk_version(), device_api_level,
-          kernelVersion(), describeArch(),
+    // Version of Network BpfLoader depends on the Android OS version
+    unsigned int bpfloader_ver = 42u;    // [42] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeastT) ++bpfloader_ver;     // [43] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeastU) ++bpfloader_ver;     // [44] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION
+    if (runningAsRoot) ++bpfloader_ver;  // [45] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_QPR3_VERSION
+    if (isAtLeastV) ++bpfloader_ver;     // [46] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION
+
+    ALOGI("NetBpfLoad v0.%u (%s) api:%d/%d kver:%07x (%s) uid:%d rc:%d%d",
+          bpfloader_ver, argv[0], android_get_device_api_level(), effective_api_level,
+          kernelVersion(), describeArch(), getuid(),
           has_platform_bpfloader_rc, has_platform_netbpfload_rc);
 
     if (!has_platform_bpfloader_rc && !has_platform_netbpfload_rc) {
@@ -341,7 +389,7 @@
 
 #undef REQUIRE
 
-        if (bad && !isGSI()) {
+        if (bad) {
             ALOGE("Unsupported kernel version (%07x).", kernelVersion());
         }
     }
@@ -371,7 +419,8 @@
          * and 32-bit userspace on 64-bit kernel bpf ringbuffer compatibility is broken.
          */
         ALOGE("64-bit userspace required on 6.2+ kernels.");
-        if (!isTV()) return 1;
+        // Stuff won't work reliably, but exempt TVs & Arm Wear devices
+        if (!isTV() && !(isWear() && isArm())) return 1;
     }
 
     // Ensure we can determine the Android build type.
@@ -381,7 +430,9 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastV) {
+    if (runningAsRoot) {
+        // Note: writing this proc file requires being root (always the case on V+)
+
         // Linux 5.16-rc1 changed the default to 2 (disabled but changeable),
         // but we need 0 (enabled)
         // (this writeFile is known to fail on at least 4.19, but always defaults to 0 on
@@ -391,6 +442,11 @@
     }
 
     if (isAtLeastU) {
+        // Note: writing these proc files requires CAP_NET_ADMIN
+        // and sepolicy which is only present on U+,
+        // on Android T and earlier versions they're written from the 'load_bpf_programs'
+        // trigger (ie. by init itself) instead.
+
         // Enable the eBPF JIT -- but do note that on 64-bit kernels it is likely
         // already force enabled by the kernel config option BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON.
         // (Note: this (open) will fail with ENOENT 'No such file or directory' if
@@ -420,12 +476,6 @@
     // Thus we need to manually create the /sys/fs/bpf/loader subdirectory.
     if (createSysFsBpfSubDir("loader")) return 1;
 
-    // Version of Network BpfLoader depends on the Android OS version
-    unsigned int bpfloader_ver = 42u;  // [42] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_VERSION
-    if (isAtLeastT) ++bpfloader_ver;   // [43] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION
-    if (isAtLeastU) ++bpfloader_ver;   // [44] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION
-    if (isAtLeastV) ++bpfloader_ver;   // [45] BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION
-
     // Load all ELF objects, create programs and maps, and pin them
     for (const auto& location : locations) {
         if (loadAllElfObjects(bpfloader_ver, location) != 0) {
@@ -448,17 +498,25 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (isAtLeastV) {
-        ALOGI("done, transferring control to platform bpfloader.");
+    // leave a flag that we're done
+    if (createSysFsBpfSubDir("netd_shared/mainline_done")) return 1;
 
-        const char * args[] = { platformBpfLoader, NULL, };
-        execve(args[0], (char**)args, envp);
-        ALOGE("FATAL: execve('%s'): %d[%s]", platformBpfLoader, errno, strerror(errno));
-        return 1;
+    // platform bpfloader will only succeed when run as root
+    if (!runningAsRoot) {
+        // unreachable on U QPR3+ which always runs netbpfload as root
+
+        ALOGI("mainline done, no need to transfer control to platform bpf loader.");
+        return 0;
     }
 
-    ALOGI("mainline done!");
-    return 0;
+    // unreachable before U QPR3
+    ALOGI("done, transferring control to platform bpfloader.");
+
+    // platform BpfLoader *needs* to run as root
+    const char * args[] = { platformBpfLoader, NULL, };
+    execve(args[0], (char**)args, envp);
+    ALOGE("FATAL: execve('%s'): %d[%s]", platformBpfLoader, errno, strerror(errno));
+    return 1;
 }
 
 }  // namespace bpf
diff --git a/netbpfload/loader.cpp b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
index 289b4d7..5141095 100644
--- a/netbpfload/loader.cpp
+++ b/netbpfload/loader.cpp
@@ -165,32 +165,34 @@
  * since they are less stable abi/api and may conflict with platform uses of bpf.
  */
 sectionType sectionNameTypes[] = {
-        {"bind4/",         BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND},
-        {"bind6/",         BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND},
-        {"cgroupskb/",     BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,       BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"cgroupsock/",    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"connect4/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT},
-        {"connect6/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT},
-        {"egress/",        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,       BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS},
-        {"getsockopt/",    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,   BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT},
-        {"ingress/",       BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,       BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS},
-        {"lwt_in/",        BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN,           BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"lwt_out/",       BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT,          BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"lwt_seg6local/", BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL,    BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"lwt_xmit/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT,         BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"postbind4/",     BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_CGROUP_INET4_POST_BIND},
-        {"postbind6/",     BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_CGROUP_INET6_POST_BIND},
-        {"recvmsg4/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG},
-        {"recvmsg6/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG},
-        {"schedact/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT,        BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"schedcls/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS,        BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"sendmsg4/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG},
-        {"sendmsg6/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG},
-        {"setsockopt/",    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,   BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT},
-        {"skfilter/",      BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,    BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
-        {"sockops/",       BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS,         BPF_CGROUP_SOCK_OPS},
-        {"sysctl",         BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,    BPF_CGROUP_SYSCTL},
-        {"xdp/",           BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,              BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"bind4/",             BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND},
+        {"bind6/",             BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND},
+        {"cgroupskb/",         BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,       BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"cgroupsock/",        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"cgroupsockcreate/",  BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE},
+        {"cgroupsockrelease/", BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE},
+        {"connect4/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT},
+        {"connect6/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT},
+        {"egress/",            BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,       BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS},
+        {"getsockopt/",        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,   BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT},
+        {"ingress/",           BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,       BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS},
+        {"lwt_in/",            BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN,           BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"lwt_out/",           BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT,          BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"lwt_seg6local/",     BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL,    BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"lwt_xmit/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT,         BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"postbind4/",         BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_CGROUP_INET4_POST_BIND},
+        {"postbind6/",         BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,      BPF_CGROUP_INET6_POST_BIND},
+        {"recvmsg4/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG},
+        {"recvmsg6/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG},
+        {"schedact/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT,        BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"schedcls/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS,        BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"sendmsg4/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG},
+        {"sendmsg6/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG},
+        {"setsockopt/",        BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCKOPT,   BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT},
+        {"skfilter/",          BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,    BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
+        {"sockops/",           BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS,         BPF_CGROUP_SOCK_OPS},
+        {"sysctl",             BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SYSCTL,    BPF_CGROUP_SYSCTL},
+        {"xdp/",               BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,              BPF_ATTACH_TYPE_UNSPEC},
 };
 
 typedef struct {
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..493731f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/netbpfload/netbpfload.33rc
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# This file takes effect only on T and U (on V netbpfload.35rc takes priority).
+#
+# The service is started from netd's libnetd_updatable shared library
+# on initial (boot time) startup of netd.
+#
+# However we never start this service on U QPR3.
+#
+# This is due to lack of a need: U QPR2 split the previously single
+# platform bpfloader into platform netbpfload -> platform bpfloader.
+# U QPR3 made the platform netbpfload unconditionally exec apex netbpfload,
+# so by the time U QPR3's netd runs, apex netbpfload is already done.
+
+service mdnsd_netbpfload /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
+    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
+    group system root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw
+    user system
+    file /dev/kmsg w
+    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
+    oneshot
+    reboot_on_failure reboot,netbpfload-failed
+    override
diff --git a/netbpfload/netbpfload.mainline.rc b/netbpfload/netbpfload.mainline.rc
deleted file mode 100644
index d38a503..0000000
--- a/netbpfload/netbpfload.mainline.rc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-service mdnsd_loadbpf /system/bin/bpfloader
-    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
-    group root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw system
-    user root
-    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
-    oneshot
-    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
-
-service bpfloader /apex/com.android.tethering/bin/netbpfload
-    capabilities CHOWN SYS_ADMIN NET_ADMIN
-    group system root graphics network_stack net_admin net_bw_acct net_bw_stats net_raw
-    user system
-    file /dev/kmsg w
-    rlimit memlock 1073741824 1073741824
-    oneshot
-    reboot_on_failure reboot,bpfloader-failed
-    override
diff --git a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
index 925ee50..4779b47 100644
--- a/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
+++ b/netd/BpfHandler.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 namespace net {
 
 using base::unique_fd;
+using base::WaitForProperty;
 using bpf::getSocketCookie;
 using bpf::retrieveProgram;
 using netdutils::Status;
@@ -109,8 +110,35 @@
     // TODO: delete the if statement once all devices should support cgroup
     // socket filter (ie. the minimum kernel version required is 4.14).
     if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 14, 0)) {
-        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(
-                attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_SOCKET_PROG_PATH, cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_INET_CREATE_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE));
+    }
+
+    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT4_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_CONNECT6_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG));
+        RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG_PROG_PATH,
+                                    cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT));
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT));
+        }
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
+            RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(attachProgramToCgroup(CGROUP_INET_RELEASE_PROG_PATH,
+                                        cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE));
+        }
     }
 
     if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0)) {
@@ -130,6 +158,24 @@
         if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND) <= 0) abort();
     }
 
+    if (modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV()) {
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+        if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG) <= 0) abort();
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0)) {
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT) <= 0) abort();
+        }
+
+        if (bpf::isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0)) {
+            if (bpf::queryProgram(cg_fd, BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE) <= 0) abort();
+        }
+    }
+
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
@@ -140,39 +186,50 @@
 BpfHandler::BpfHandler(uint32_t perUidLimit, uint32_t totalLimit)
     : mPerUidStatsEntriesLimit(perUidLimit), mTotalUidStatsEntriesLimit(totalLimit) {}
 
+static bool mainlineNetBpfLoadDone() {
+    return !access("/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared/mainline_done", F_OK);
+}
+
 // copied with minor changes from waitForProgsLoaded()
 // p/m/C's staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/WaitForProgsLoaded.h
 static inline void waitForNetProgsLoaded() {
     // infinite loop until success with 5/10/20/40/60/60/60... delay
     for (int delay = 5;; delay *= 2) {
         if (delay > 60) delay = 60;
-        if (base::WaitForProperty("init.svc.bpfloader", "stopped", std::chrono::seconds(delay))
-            && !access("/sys/fs/bpf/netd_shared", F_OK))
+        if (WaitForProperty("init.svc.mdnsd_netbpfload", "stopped", std::chrono::seconds(delay))
+            && mainlineNetBpfLoadDone())
             return;
-        ALOGW("Waited %ds for init.svc.bpfloader=stopped, still waiting...", delay);
+        ALOGW("Waited %ds for init.svc.mdnsd_netbpfload=stopped, still waiting...", delay);
     }
 }
 
 Status BpfHandler::init(const char* cg2_path) {
+    // Note: netd *can* be restarted, so this might get called a second time after boot is complete
+    // at which point we don't need to (and shouldn't) wait for (more importantly start) loading bpf
+
     if (base::GetProperty("bpf.progs_loaded", "") != "1") {
-        // Make sure BPF programs are loaded before doing anything
-        ALOGI("Waiting for BPF programs");
-
-        // TODO: use !modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() once api finalized
-        if (android_get_device_api_level() < __ANDROID_API_V__) {
-            waitForNetProgsLoaded();
-            ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
-
-            if (!base::SetProperty("ctl.start", "mdnsd_loadbpf")) {
-                ALOGE("Failed to set property ctl.start=mdnsd_loadbpf, see dmesg for reason.");
-                abort();
-            }
-
-            ALOGI("Waiting for remaining BPF programs");
-        }
-
+        // AOSP platform netd & mainline don't need this (at least prior to U QPR3),
+        // but there could be platform provided (xt_)bpf programs that oem/vendor
+        // modified netd (which calls us during init) depends on...
+        ALOGI("Waiting for platform BPF programs");
         android::bpf::waitForProgsLoaded();
     }
+
+    if (!mainlineNetBpfLoadDone()) {
+        // We're on < U QPR3 & it's the first time netd is starting up (unless crashlooping)
+        //
+        // On U QPR3+ netbpfload is guaranteed to run before the platform bpfloader,
+        // so waitForProgsLoaded() implies mainlineNetBpfLoadDone().
+        if (!base::SetProperty("ctl.start", "mdnsd_netbpfload")) {
+            ALOGE("Failed to set property ctl.start=mdnsd_netbpfload, see dmesg for reason.");
+            abort();
+        }
+
+        ALOGI("Waiting for Networking BPF programs");
+        waitForNetProgsLoaded();
+        ALOGI("Networking BPF programs are loaded");
+    }
+
     ALOGI("BPF programs are loaded");
 
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(initPrograms(cg2_path));
@@ -181,7 +238,30 @@
     return netdutils::status::ok;
 }
 
+static void mapLockTest(void) {
+    // The maps must be R/W, and as yet unopened (or more specifically not yet lock'ed).
+    const char * const m1 = BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_lock_array_test_map";
+    const char * const m2 = BPF_NETD_PATH "map_netd_lock_hash_test_map";
+
+    unique_fd fd0(bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(m1)); if (!fd0.ok()) abort();  // grabs exclusive lock
+
+    unique_fd fd1(bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(m2)); if (!fd1.ok()) abort();  // no conflict with fd0
+    unique_fd fd2(bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(m2)); if ( fd2.ok()) abort();  // busy due to fd1
+    unique_fd fd3(bpf::mapRetrieveRO(m2));          if (!fd3.ok()) abort();  // no lock taken
+    unique_fd fd4(bpf::mapRetrieveRW(m2));          if ( fd4.ok()) abort();  // busy due to fd1
+    fd1.reset();  // releases exclusive lock
+    unique_fd fd5(bpf::mapRetrieveRO(m2));          if (!fd5.ok()) abort();  // no lock taken
+    unique_fd fd6(bpf::mapRetrieveRW(m2));          if (!fd6.ok()) abort();  // now ok
+    unique_fd fd7(bpf::mapRetrieveRO(m2));          if (!fd7.ok()) abort();  // no lock taken
+    unique_fd fd8(bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(m2)); if ( fd8.ok()) abort();  // busy due to fd6
+
+    fd0.reset();  // releases exclusive lock
+    unique_fd fd9(bpf::mapRetrieveWO(m1));          if (!fd9.ok()) abort();  // grabs exclusive lock
+}
+
 Status BpfHandler::initMaps() {
+    mapLockTest();
+
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapA.init(STATS_MAP_A_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mStatsMapB.init(STATS_MAP_B_PATH));
     RETURN_IF_NOT_OK(mConfigurationMap.init(CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH));
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
index f8b0d53..64624ae 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/NsdService.java
@@ -1923,13 +1923,13 @@
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_FORCE_DISABLE_MDNS_OFFLOAD))
                 .setIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.INCLUDE_INET_ADDRESS_RECORDS_IN_PROBING))
-                .setIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                .setIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_EXPIRED_SERVICES_REMOVAL))
                 .setIsLabelCountLimitEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_LIMIT_LABEL_COUNT))
-                .setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                .setIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_KNOWN_ANSWER_SUPPRESSION))
-                .setIsUnicastReplyEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
+                .setIsUnicastReplyEnabled(mDeps.isTetheringFeatureNotChickenedOut(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_UNICAST_REPLY_ENABLED))
                 .setIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled(mDeps.isFeatureEnabled(
                         mContext, MdnsFeatureFlags.NSD_AGGRESSIVE_QUERY_MODE))
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
index 42efcac..b870477 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsAdvertiser.java
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@
          * Get the ID of a conflicting registration due to host, or -1 if none.
          *
          * <p>If there's already another registration with the same hostname requested by another
-         * user, this is a conflict.
+         * UID, this is a conflict.
          *
          * <p>If there're two registrations both containing address records using the same hostname,
          * this is a conflict.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
index f4a08ba..c264f25 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsFeatureFlags.java
@@ -189,10 +189,10 @@
         public Builder() {
             mIsMdnsOffloadFeatureEnabled = false;
             mIncludeInetAddressRecordsInProbing = false;
-            mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = false;
+            mIsExpiredServicesRemovalEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
             mIsLabelCountLimitEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
-            mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = false;
-            mIsUnicastReplyEnabled = true;
+            mIsKnownAnswerSuppressionEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
+            mIsUnicastReplyEnabled = true; // Default enabled.
             mIsAggressiveQueryModeEnabled = false;
             mIsQueryWithKnownAnswerEnabled = false;
             mOverrideProvider = null;
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8f6859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.java
@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.ethernet;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback;
+import android.net.NetworkRequest;
+import android.net.NetworkScore;
+import android.net.ip.IIpClient;
+import android.net.ip.IpClientCallbacks;
+import android.net.ip.IpClientManager;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.State;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+/**
+ * EthernetInterfaceStateMachine manages the lifecycle of an ethernet-like network interface which
+ * includes managing a NetworkOffer, IpClient, and NetworkAgent as well as making the interface
+ * available as a tethering downstream.
+ *
+ * All methods exposed by this class *must* be called on the Handler thread provided in the
+ * constructor.
+ */
+class EthernetInterfaceStateMachine extends SyncStateMachine {
+    private static final String TAG = EthernetInterfaceStateMachine.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final int CMD_ON_LINK_UP          = 1;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN        = 2;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED   = 3;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_NETWORK_UNNEEDED = 4;
+    private static final int CMD_ON_IPCLIENT_CREATED = 5;
+
+    private class EthernetNetworkOfferCallback implements NetworkOfferCallback {
+        private final Set<Integer> mRequestIds = new ArraySet<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkNeeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            if (this != mNetworkOfferCallback) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            mRequestIds.add(request.requestId);
+            if (mRequestIds.size() == 1) {
+                processMessage(CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onNetworkUnneeded(@NonNull NetworkRequest request) {
+            if (this != mNetworkOfferCallback) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!mRequestIds.remove(request.requestId)) {
+                // This can only happen if onNetworkNeeded was not called for a request or if
+                // the requestId changed. Both should *never* happen.
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "onNetworkUnneeded called for unknown request");
+            }
+            if (mRequestIds.isEmpty()) {
+                processMessage(CMD_ON_NETWORK_UNNEEDED);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class EthernetIpClientCallback extends IpClientCallbacks {
+        private final ConditionVariable mOnQuitCv = new ConditionVariable(false);
+
+        private void safelyPostOnHandler(Runnable r) {
+            mHandler.post(() -> {
+                if (this != mIpClientCallback) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                r.run();
+            });
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onIpClientCreated(IIpClient ipClient) {
+            safelyPostOnHandler(() -> {
+                // TODO: add a SyncStateMachine#processMessage(cmd, obj) overload.
+                processMessage(CMD_ON_IPCLIENT_CREATED, 0, 0,
+                        mDependencies.makeIpClientManager(ipClient));
+            });
+        }
+
+        public void waitOnQuit() {
+            if (!mOnQuitCv.block(5_000 /* timeoutMs */)) {
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Timed out waiting on IpClient to shutdown.");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onQuit() {
+            mOnQuitCv.open();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable EthernetNetworkOfferCallback mNetworkOfferCallback;
+    private @Nullable EthernetIpClientCallback mIpClientCallback;
+    private @Nullable IpClientManager mIpClient;
+    private final String mIface;
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    private final Context mContext;
+    private final NetworkCapabilities mCapabilities;
+    private final NetworkProvider mNetworkProvider;
+    private final EthernetNetworkFactory.Dependencies mDependencies;
+    private boolean mLinkUp = false;
+
+    /** Interface is in tethering mode. */
+    private class TetheringState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_UP:
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN:
+                    // TODO: think about what to do here.
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Link is down */
+    private class LinkDownState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_UP:
+                    transitionTo(mStoppedState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN:
+                    // do nothing, already in the correct state.
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Parent states of all states that do not cause a NetworkOffer to be extended. */
+    private class NetworkOfferExtendedState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            if (mNetworkOfferCallback != null) {
+                // This should never happen. If it happens anyway, log and move on.
+                Log.wtf(TAG, "Previous NetworkOffer was never retracted");
+            }
+
+            mNetworkOfferCallback = new EthernetNetworkOfferCallback();
+            final NetworkScore defaultScore = new NetworkScore.Builder().build();
+            mNetworkProvider.registerNetworkOffer(defaultScore,
+                    new NetworkCapabilities(mCapabilities), cmd -> mHandler.post(cmd),
+                    mNetworkOfferCallback);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_UP:
+                    // do nothing, already in the correct state.
+                    return HANDLED;
+                case CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN:
+                    transitionTo(mLinkDownState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void exit() {
+            mNetworkProvider.unregisterNetworkOffer(mNetworkOfferCallback);
+            mNetworkOfferCallback = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Offer is extended but has not been requested.
+     *
+     * StoppedState's sole purpose is to react to a CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED and transition to
+     * StartedState when that happens. Note that StoppedState could be rolled into
+     * NetworkOfferExtendedState. However, keeping the states separate provides some additional
+     * protection by logging a Log.wtf if a CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED is received in an unexpected state
+     * (i.e. StartedState or RunningState). StoppedState is a child of NetworkOfferExtendedState.
+     */
+    private class StoppedState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_NETWORK_NEEDED:
+                    transitionTo(mStartedState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Network is needed, starts IpClient and manages its lifecycle */
+    private class StartedState extends State {
+        @Override
+        public void enter() {
+            mIpClientCallback = new EthernetIpClientCallback();
+            mDependencies.makeIpClient(mContext, mIface, mIpClientCallback);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean processMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case CMD_ON_NETWORK_UNNEEDED:
+                    transitionTo(mStoppedState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+                case CMD_ON_IPCLIENT_CREATED:
+                    mIpClient = (IpClientManager) msg.obj;
+                    transitionTo(mRunningState);
+                    return HANDLED;
+            }
+            return NOT_HANDLED;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void exit() {
+            if (mIpClient != null) {
+                mIpClient.shutdown();
+                // TODO: consider adding a StoppingState and making the shutdown operation
+                // asynchronous.
+                mIpClientCallback.waitOnQuit();
+            }
+            mIpClientCallback = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** IpClient is running, starts provisioning and registers NetworkAgent */
+    private class RunningState extends State {
+
+    }
+
+    private final TetheringState mTetheringState = new TetheringState();
+    private final LinkDownState mLinkDownState = new LinkDownState();
+    private final NetworkOfferExtendedState mOfferExtendedState = new NetworkOfferExtendedState();
+    private final StoppedState mStoppedState = new StoppedState();
+    private final StartedState mStartedState = new StartedState();
+    private final RunningState mRunningState = new RunningState();
+
+    public EthernetInterfaceStateMachine(String iface, Handler handler, Context context,
+            NetworkCapabilities capabilities, NetworkProvider provider,
+            EthernetNetworkFactory.Dependencies deps) {
+        super(TAG + "." + iface, handler.getLooper().getThread());
+
+        mIface = iface;
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mContext = context;
+        mCapabilities = capabilities;
+        mNetworkProvider = provider;
+        mDependencies = deps;
+
+        // Interface lifecycle:
+        //           [ LinkDownState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //             *link comes up*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [ StoppedState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //           *network is needed*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [ StartedState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //           *IpClient is created*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [ RunningState ]
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //  *interface is requested for tethering*
+        //                   |
+        //                   v
+        //            [TetheringState]
+        //
+        // Tethering mode is special as the interface is configured by Tethering, rather than the
+        // ethernet module.
+        final List<StateInfo> states = new ArrayList<>();
+        states.add(new StateInfo(mTetheringState, null));
+
+        // CHECKSTYLE:OFF IndentationCheck
+        // Initial state
+        states.add(new StateInfo(mLinkDownState, null));
+        states.add(new StateInfo(mOfferExtendedState, null));
+            states.add(new StateInfo(mStoppedState, mOfferExtendedState));
+            states.add(new StateInfo(mStartedState, mOfferExtendedState));
+                states.add(new StateInfo(mRunningState, mStartedState));
+        // CHECKSTYLE:ON IndentationCheck
+        addAllStates(states);
+
+        // TODO: set initial state to TetheringState if a tethering interface has been requested and
+        // this is the first interface to be added.
+        start(mLinkDownState);
+    }
+
+    public boolean updateLinkState(boolean up) {
+        if (mLinkUp == up) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: consider setting mLinkUp as part of processMessage().
+        mLinkUp = up;
+        if (!up) { // was up, goes down
+            processMessage(CMD_ON_LINK_DOWN);
+        } else { // was down, comes up
+            processMessage(CMD_ON_LINK_UP);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index 5323392..114cf2e 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -1544,7 +1544,11 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public INetworkStatsSession openSessionForUsageStats(int flags, String callingPackage) {
+    public INetworkStatsSession openSessionForUsageStats(
+            int flags, @NonNull String callingPackage) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(callingPackage);
+        PermissionUtils.enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(
+                mContext, Binder.getCallingUid(), callingPackage);
         return openSessionInternal(flags, callingPackage);
     }
 
@@ -2061,6 +2065,7 @@
 
         final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
         final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        PermissionUtils.enforcePackageNameMatchesUid(mContext, callingUid, callingPackage);
         @NetworkStatsAccess.Level int accessLevel = checkAccessLevel(callingPackage);
         DataUsageRequest normalizedRequest;
         final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
index 536ebda..f58efb0 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <string name="wifi_no_internet_detailed" msgid="1746921096565304090">"Für Optionen tippen"</string>
     <string name="mobile_no_internet" msgid="4087718456753201450">"Mobiles Netzwerk hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
     <string name="other_networks_no_internet" msgid="5693932964749676542">"Netzwerk hat keinen Internetzugriff"</string>
-    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Auf den privaten DNS-Server kann nicht zugegriffen werden"</string>
+    <string name="private_dns_broken_detailed" msgid="2677123850463207823">"Auf den Server des privaten DNS kann nicht zugegriffen werden"</string>
     <string name="network_partial_connectivity" msgid="5549503845834993258">"Schlechte Verbindung mit <xliff:g id="NETWORK_SSID">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
     <string name="network_partial_connectivity_detailed" msgid="4732435946300249845">"Tippen, um die Verbindung trotzdem herzustellen"</string>
     <string name="network_switch_metered" msgid="5016937523571166319">"Zu <xliff:g id="NETWORK_TYPE">%1$s</xliff:g> gewechselt"</string>
diff --git a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
index 4783f2b..02a9ce6 100644
--- a/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
+++ b/service/ServiceConnectivityResources/res/values/config_thread.xml
@@ -53,4 +53,10 @@
     UTF-8 bytes.
     -->
     <string translatable="false" name="config_thread_model_name">Thread Border Router</string>
+
+    <!-- Whether the Thread network will be managed by the Google Home ecosystem. When this value
+    is set, a TXT entry "vgh=0" or "vgh=1" will be added to the "_mehscop._udp" mDNS service
+    respectively (The TXT value is a string).
+    -->
+    <bool name="config_thread_managed_by_google_home">false</bool>
 </resources>
diff --git a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
index c07d050..c0082bb 100644
--- a/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
+++ b/service/jni/com_android_server_connectivity_ClatCoordinator.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,8 @@
       case VERIFY_BIN: return;
       case VERIFY_PROG:   fd = bpf::retrieveProgram(path); break;
       case VERIFY_MAP_RO: fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRO(path); break;
-      case VERIFY_MAP_RW: fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRW(path); break;
+      // lockless: we're just checking access rights and will immediately close the fd
+      case VERIFY_MAP_RW: fd = bpf::mapRetrieveLocklessRW(path); break;
     }
 
     if (fd < 0) ALOGF("bpf_obj_get '%s' failed, errno=%d", path, errno);
@@ -114,12 +115,7 @@
 
     V("/sys/fs/bpf", S_IFDIR|S_ISVTX|0777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf", DIR);
 
-    // TODO: use modules::sdklevel::IsAtLeastV() once api finalized
-    if (android_get_device_api_level() >= __ANDROID_API_V__) {
-        V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
-    } else {
-        V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, SYSTEM, SYSTEM, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
-    }
+    V("/sys/fs/bpf/net_shared", S_IFDIR|01777, ROOT, ROOT, "fs_bpf_net_shared", DIR);
 
     // pre-U we do not have selinux privs to getattr on bpf maps/progs
     // so while the below *should* be as listed, we have no way to actually verify
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index 874ac3f..44868b2d 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U32> getConfigurationMap() {
         try {
-            return new SingleWriterBpfMap<>(
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(
                     CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U32.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open netd configuration map", e);
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, UidOwnerValue> getUidOwnerMap() {
         try {
-            return new SingleWriterBpfMap<>(
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(
                     UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH, S32.class, UidOwnerValue.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid owner map", e);
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> getUidPermissionMap() {
         try {
-            return new SingleWriterBpfMap<>(
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(
                     UID_PERMISSION_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U8.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open uid permission map", e);
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<S32, U8> getDataSaverEnabledMap() {
         try {
-            return new SingleWriterBpfMap<>(
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(
                     DATA_SAVER_ENABLED_MAP_PATH, S32.class, U8.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open data saver enabled map", e);
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@
     @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private static IBpfMap<IngressDiscardKey, IngressDiscardValue> getIngressDiscardMap() {
         try {
-            return new SingleWriterBpfMap<>(INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH,
+            return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(INGRESS_DISCARD_MAP_PATH,
                     IngressDiscardKey.class, IngressDiscardValue.class);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot open ingress discard map", e);
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 2d74dec..2a3058c 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_ALLOW;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DEFAULT;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.FIREWALL_RULE_DENY;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
 import static android.net.ConnectivitySettingsManager.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE_OPPORTUNISTIC;
 import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_PRIVDNS;
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
@@ -111,11 +114,20 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BpfUtils.BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkMonitorUtils.isPrivateDnsValidationRequired;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceAnyPermissionOf;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils.enforceNetworkStackPermission;
@@ -126,12 +138,11 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING;
 
-import static java.util.Map.Entry;
-
 import android.Manifest;
 import android.annotation.CheckResult;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.app.ActivityManager;
@@ -280,8 +291,6 @@
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 import android.util.StatsEvent;
 
-import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
-
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
@@ -1779,7 +1788,7 @@
         mDefaultRequest = new NetworkRequestInfo(
                 Process.myUid(), defaultInternetRequest, null,
                 null /* binder */, NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO,
-                null /* attributionTags */);
+                null /* attributionTags */, DECLARED_METHODS_NONE);
         mNetworkRequests.put(defaultInternetRequest, mDefaultRequest);
         mDefaultNetworkRequests.add(mDefaultRequest);
         mNetworkRequestInfoLogs.log("REGISTER " + mDefaultRequest);
@@ -2166,7 +2175,7 @@
             handleRegisterNetworkRequest(new NetworkRequestInfo(
                     Process.myUid(), networkRequest, null /* messenger */, null /* binder */,
                     NetworkCallback.FLAG_INCLUDE_LOCATION_INFO,
-                    null /* attributionTags */));
+                    null /* attributionTags */, DECLARED_METHODS_NONE));
         } else {
             handleReleaseNetworkRequest(networkRequest, Process.SYSTEM_UID,
                     /* callOnUnavailable */ false);
@@ -3565,6 +3574,7 @@
         pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 
+    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
     private void dumpBpfProgramStatus(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         pw.println("Bpf Program Status:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
@@ -3573,12 +3583,37 @@
             pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET_INGRESS));
             pw.print("CGROUP_INET_EGRESS: ");
             pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET_EGRESS));
+
             pw.print("CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE: ");
             pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE));
+
             pw.print("CGROUP_INET4_BIND: ");
             pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND));
             pw.print("CGROUP_INET6_BIND: ");
             pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND));
+
+            pw.print("CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT));
+            pw.print("CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT));
+
+            pw.print("CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG));
+            pw.print("CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG));
+
+            pw.print("CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG));
+            pw.print("CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG));
+
+            pw.print("CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT));
+            pw.print("CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT));
+
+            pw.print("CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE: ");
+            pw.println(mDeps.getBpfProgramId(BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE));
         } catch (IOException e) {
             pw.println("  IOException");
         }
@@ -4228,8 +4263,19 @@
         pw.println();
         dumpDestroySockets(pw);
 
-        pw.println();
-        dumpBpfProgramStatus(pw);
+        if (mDeps.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // R: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/heads/android11-release/rootdir/init.rc
+            //   shows /dev/cg2_bpf
+            // S: https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/core/+/refs/heads/android12-release/rootdir/init.rc
+            //   does not
+            // Thus cgroups are mounted at /dev/cg2_bpf on R and not on /sys/fs/cgroup
+            // so the following won't work (on R) anyway.
+            // The /sys/fs/cgroup path is only actually enforced/required starting with U,
+            // but it is very likely to already be the case (though not guaranteed) on T.
+            // I'm not at all sure about S - let's just skip it to get rid of lint warnings.
+            pw.println();
+            dumpBpfProgramStatus(pw);
+        }
 
         if (null != mCarrierPrivilegeAuthenticator) {
             pw.println();
@@ -7531,6 +7577,8 @@
         // Preference order of this request.
         final int mPreferenceOrder;
 
+        final int mDeclaredMethodsFlags;
+
         // In order to preserve the mapping of NetworkRequest-to-callback when apps register
         // callbacks using a returned NetworkRequest, the original NetworkRequest needs to be
         // maintained for keying off of. This is only a concern when the original nri
@@ -7584,21 +7632,22 @@
             mCallbackFlags = NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
             mPreferenceOrder = preferenceOrder;
+            mDeclaredMethodsFlags = DECLARED_METHODS_NONE;
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest r, @Nullable final Messenger m,
                 @Nullable final IBinder binder,
                 @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
             this(asUid, Collections.singletonList(r), r, m, binder, callbackFlags,
-                    callingAttributionTag);
+                    callingAttributionTag, declaredMethodsFlags);
         }
 
         NetworkRequestInfo(int asUid, @NonNull final List<NetworkRequest> r,
                 @NonNull final NetworkRequest requestForCallback, @Nullable final Messenger m,
                 @Nullable final IBinder binder,
                 @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+                @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
             super();
             ensureAllNetworkRequestsHaveType(r);
             mRequests = initializeRequests(r);
@@ -7613,6 +7662,7 @@
             mCallbackFlags = callbackFlags;
             mCallingAttributionTag = callingAttributionTag;
             mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
+            mDeclaredMethodsFlags = declaredMethodsFlags;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
@@ -7653,6 +7703,7 @@
             mCallingAttributionTag = nri.mCallingAttributionTag;
             mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus = nri.mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
             mPreferenceOrder = PREFERENCE_ORDER_INVALID;
+            mDeclaredMethodsFlags = nri.mDeclaredMethodsFlags;
             linkDeathRecipient();
         }
 
@@ -7740,7 +7791,8 @@
                     + (mPendingIntent == null ? "" : " to trigger " + mPendingIntent)
                     + " callback flags: " + mCallbackFlags
                     + " order: " + mPreferenceOrder
-                    + " isUidTracked: " + mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus;
+                    + " isUidTracked: " + mUidTrackedForBlockedStatus
+                    + " declaredMethods: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(mDeclaredMethodsFlags);
         }
     }
 
@@ -7878,7 +7930,21 @@
     public NetworkRequest requestNetwork(int asUid, NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             int reqTypeInt, Messenger messenger, int timeoutMs, final IBinder binder,
             int legacyType, int callbackFlags, @NonNull String callingPackageName,
-            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlag) {
+        if (declaredMethodsFlag == 0) {
+            // This could happen if raw binder calls are used to call the previous overload of
+            // requestNetwork, as missing int arguments in a binder call end up as 0
+            // (Parcel.readInt returns 0 at the end of a parcel). Such raw calls this would be
+            // really unexpected bad behavior from the caller though.
+            // TODO: remove after verifying this does not happen. This could allow enabling the
+            // optimization for callbacks that do not override any method (right now they use
+            // DECLARED_METHODS_ALL), if it is OK to break NetworkCallbacks created using
+            // dexmaker-mockito-inline and either spy() or MockSettings.useConstructor (see
+            // comment in ConnectivityManager which sets the flag to DECLARED_METHODS_ALL).
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "requestNetwork called without declaredMethodsFlag from "
+                    + callingPackageName);
+            declaredMethodsFlag = DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
         if (legacyType != TYPE_NONE && !hasNetworkStackPermission()) {
             if (isTargetSdkAtleast(Build.VERSION_CODES.M, mDeps.getCallingUid(),
                     callingPackageName)) {
@@ -7970,7 +8036,7 @@
                 nextNetworkRequestId(), reqType);
         final NetworkRequestInfo nri = getNriToRegister(
                 asUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
-                callingAttributionTag);
+                callingAttributionTag, declaredMethodsFlag);
         if (DBG) log("requestNetwork for " + nri);
         trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_REQUEST, nri);
         if (timeoutMs > 0) {
@@ -7996,7 +8062,7 @@
     private NetworkRequestInfo getNriToRegister(final int asUid, @NonNull final NetworkRequest nr,
             @Nullable final Messenger msgr, @Nullable final IBinder binder,
             @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag) {
+            @Nullable String callingAttributionTag, int declaredMethodsFlags) {
         final List<NetworkRequest> requests;
         if (NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT == nr.type) {
             requests = copyDefaultNetworkRequestsForUid(
@@ -8005,7 +8071,8 @@
             requests = Collections.singletonList(nr);
         }
         return new NetworkRequestInfo(
-                asUid, requests, nr, msgr, binder, callbackFlags, callingAttributionTag);
+                asUid, requests, nr, msgr, binder, callbackFlags, callingAttributionTag,
+                declaredMethodsFlags);
     }
 
     private boolean shouldCheckCapabilitiesDeclaration(
@@ -8295,7 +8362,13 @@
     public NetworkRequest listenForNetwork(NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
             Messenger messenger, IBinder binder,
             @NetworkCallback.Flag int callbackFlags,
-            @NonNull String callingPackageName, @NonNull String callingAttributionTag) {
+            @NonNull String callingPackageName, @NonNull String callingAttributionTag,
+            int declaredMethodsFlag) {
+        if (declaredMethodsFlag == 0) {
+            Log.wtf(TAG, "listenForNetwork called without declaredMethodsFlag from "
+                    + callingPackageName);
+            declaredMethodsFlag = DECLARED_METHODS_ALL;
+        }
         final int callingUid = mDeps.getCallingUid();
         if (!hasWifiNetworkListenPermission(networkCapabilities)) {
             enforceAccessPermission();
@@ -8317,7 +8390,7 @@
                 NetworkRequest.Type.LISTEN);
         NetworkRequestInfo nri =
                 new NetworkRequestInfo(callingUid, networkRequest, messenger, binder, callbackFlags,
-                        callingAttributionTag);
+                        callingAttributionTag, declaredMethodsFlag);
         if (VDBG) log("listenForNetwork for " + nri);
 
         trackUidAndRegisterNetworkRequest(EVENT_REGISTER_NETWORK_LISTENER, nri);
@@ -9759,7 +9832,8 @@
             configBuilder.setUpstreamSelector(nr);
             final NetworkRequestInfo nri = new NetworkRequestInfo(
                     nai.creatorUid, nr, null /* messenger */, null /* binder */,
-                    0 /* callbackFlags */, null /* attributionTag */);
+                    0 /* callbackFlags */, null /* attributionTag */,
+                    DECLARED_METHODS_NONE);
             if (null != oldSatisfier) {
                 // Set the old satisfier in the new NRI so that the rematch will see any changes
                 nri.setSatisfier(oldSatisfier, nr);
@@ -10130,6 +10204,11 @@
             // are Type.LISTEN, but should not have NetworkCallbacks invoked.
             return;
         }
+        if (mUseDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksEnabled
+                && (nri.mDeclaredMethodsFlags & (1 << notificationType)) == 0) {
+            // No need to send the notification as the recipient method is not overridden
+            return;
+        }
         final Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
         // TODO b/177608132: make sure callbacks are indexed by NRIs and not NetworkRequest objects.
         // TODO: check if defensive copies of data is needed.
@@ -13294,11 +13373,12 @@
         requests.add(createDefaultInternetRequestForTransport(
                 TYPE_NONE, NetworkRequest.Type.TRACK_DEFAULT));
 
-        // request: restricted Satellite internet
+        // request: Satellite internet, satellite network could be restricted or constrained
         final NetworkCapabilities cap = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
                 .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
                 .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED)
                 .addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)
                 .build();
         requests.add(createNetworkRequest(NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST, cap));
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
index 843b7b3..4d39d7d 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -267,6 +267,7 @@
         nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED);
         nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED);
         nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+        nc.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED);
         nc.setNetworkSpecifier(new TestNetworkSpecifier(iface));
         nc.setAdministratorUids(administratorUids);
         if (!isMetered) {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
index d886182..b1c770b 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ClatCoordinator.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 import com.android.net.module.util.BpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.IBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
+import com.android.net.module.util.SingleWriterBpfMap;
 import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.ClatEgress4Key;
 import com.android.net.module.util.bpf.ClatEgress4Value;
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@
         @Nullable
         public IBpfMap<ClatIngress6Key, ClatIngress6Value> getBpfIngress6Map() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH,
+                return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(CLAT_INGRESS6_MAP_PATH,
                        ClatIngress6Key.class, ClatIngress6Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create ingress6 map: " + e);
@@ -268,7 +269,7 @@
         @Nullable
         public IBpfMap<ClatEgress4Key, ClatEgress4Value> getBpfEgress4Map() {
             try {
-                return new BpfMap<>(CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH,
+                return SingleWriterBpfMap.getSingleton(CLAT_EGRESS4_MAP_PATH,
                        ClatEgress4Key.class, ClatEgress4Value.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 Log.e(TAG, "Cannot create egress4 map: " + e);
@@ -280,6 +281,7 @@
         @Nullable
         public IBpfMap<CookieTagMapKey, CookieTagMapValue> getBpfCookieTagMap() {
             try {
+                // also read and written from other locations
                 return new BpfMap<>(COOKIE_TAG_MAP_PATH,
                        CookieTagMapKey.class, CookieTagMapValue.class);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
@@ -683,13 +685,25 @@
             throw new IOException("Failed to start clat ", e);
         } finally {
             if (tunFd != null) {
-                tunFd.close();
+                try {
+                    tunFd.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Fail to close tun file descriptor " + e);
+                }
             }
             if (readSock6 != null) {
-                readSock6.close();
+                try {
+                    readSock6.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Fail to close read socket " + e);
+                }
             }
             if (writeSock6 != null) {
-                writeSock6.close();
+                try {
+                    writeSock6.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "Fail to close write socket " + e);
+                }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
index 7707122..fd41ee6 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManager.java
@@ -170,9 +170,11 @@
                     && !TextUtils.isEmpty(nai.linkProperties.getCaptivePortalData()
                     .getVenueFriendlyName())) {
                 name = nai.linkProperties.getCaptivePortalData().getVenueFriendlyName();
+            } else if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(extraInfo)) {
+                name = extraInfo;
             } else {
-                name = TextUtils.isEmpty(extraInfo)
-                        ? WifiInfo.sanitizeSsid(nai.networkCapabilities.getSsid()) : extraInfo;
+                final String ssid = WifiInfo.sanitizeSsid(nai.networkCapabilities.getSsid());
+                name = ssid == null ? "" : ssid;
             }
             // Only notify for Internet-capable networks.
             if (!nai.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)) return;
diff --git a/staticlibs/Android.bp b/staticlibs/Android.bp
index decfff8..34ea9ab 100644
--- a/staticlibs/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/Android.bp
@@ -39,12 +39,13 @@
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/DeviceConfigUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/DomainUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/FdEventsReader.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/FeatureVersions.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkMonitorUtils.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketReader.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/SharedLog.java",
         "device/com/android/net/module/util/SocketUtils.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/FeatureVersions.java",
-        "device/com/android/net/module/util/HandlerUtils.java",
+        "device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java",
         // This library is used by system modules, for which the system health impact of Kotlin
         // has not yet been evaluated. Annotations may need jarjar'ing.
         // "src_devicecommon/**/*.kt",
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin",
     ],
     static_libs: [
+        "modules-utils-statemachine",
         "net-utils-framework-common",
     ],
     libs: [
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java
index da77ae8..0fbc25d 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfMap.java
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 package com.android.net.module.util;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EBUSY;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.EEXIST;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ENOENT;
 
@@ -52,6 +53,9 @@
     public static final int BPF_F_RDONLY = 1 << 3;
     public static final int BPF_F_WRONLY = 1 << 4;
 
+    // magic value for jni consumption, invalid from kernel point of view
+    public static final int BPF_F_RDWR_EXCLUSIVE = BPF_F_RDONLY | BPF_F_WRONLY;
+
     public static final int BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH = 1;
 
     private static final int BPF_F_NO_PREALLOC = 1;
@@ -69,6 +73,12 @@
     private static ConcurrentHashMap<Pair<String, Integer>, ParcelFileDescriptor> sFdCache =
             new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
+    private static ParcelFileDescriptor checkModeExclusivity(ParcelFileDescriptor fd, int mode)
+            throws ErrnoException {
+        if (mode == BPF_F_RDWR_EXCLUSIVE) throw new ErrnoException("cachedBpfFdGet", EBUSY);
+        return fd;
+    }
+
     private static ParcelFileDescriptor cachedBpfFdGet(String path, int mode,
                                                        int keySize, int valueSize)
             throws ErrnoException, NullPointerException {
@@ -79,12 +89,12 @@
         var key = Pair.create(path, (mode << 26) ^ (keySize << 16) ^ valueSize);
         // unlocked fetch is safe: map is concurrent read capable, and only inserted into
         ParcelFileDescriptor fd = sFdCache.get(key);
-        if (fd != null) return fd;
+        if (fd != null) return checkModeExclusivity(fd, mode);
         // ok, no cached fd present, need to grab a lock
         synchronized (BpfMap.class) {
             // need to redo the check
             fd = sFdCache.get(key);
-            if (fd != null) return fd;
+            if (fd != null) return checkModeExclusivity(fd, mode);
             // okay, we really haven't opened this before...
             fd = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeBpfFdGet(path, mode, keySize, valueSize));
             sFdCache.put(key, fd);
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java
index cdd6fd7..a41eeba 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/BpfUtils.java
@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@
     public static final int BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_CREATE = 2;
     public static final int BPF_CGROUP_INET4_BIND = 8;
     public static final int BPF_CGROUP_INET6_BIND = 9;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_INET4_CONNECT = 10;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_INET6_CONNECT = 11;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_SENDMSG = 14;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_SENDMSG = 15;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_UDP4_RECVMSG = 19;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_UDP6_RECVMSG = 20;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_GETSOCKOPT = 21;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_SETSOCKOPT = 22;
+    public static final int BPF_CGROUP_INET_SOCK_RELEASE = 34;
 
     // Note: This is only guaranteed to be accurate on U+ devices. It is likely to be accurate
     // on T+ devices as well, but this is not guaranteed.
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java
index 33e5bfa..a2dbd81 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilder.java
@@ -24,10 +24,13 @@
 import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.ipChecksum;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.tcpChecksum;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.IpUtils.udpChecksum;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPPROTO_FRAGMENT;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_LENGTH_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_LEN_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_LENGTH_OFFSET;
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.EthernetHeader;
+import com.android.net.module.util.structs.FragmentHeader;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv4Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.Ipv6Header;
 import com.android.net.module.util.structs.TcpHeader;
@@ -47,6 +51,10 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Random;
 
 /**
  * The class is used to build a packet.
@@ -210,6 +218,20 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void writeFragmentHeader(ByteBuffer buffer, short nextHeader, int offset,
+            boolean mFlag, int id) throws IOException {
+        if ((offset & 7) != 0) {
+            throw new IOException("Invalid offset value, must be multiple of 8");
+        }
+        final FragmentHeader fragmentHeader = new FragmentHeader(nextHeader,
+                offset | (mFlag ? 1 : 0), id);
+        try {
+            fragmentHeader.writeToByteBuffer(buffer);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | BufferOverflowException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Error writing to buffer: ", e);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Finalize the packet.
      *
@@ -219,9 +241,31 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     public ByteBuffer finalizePacket() throws IOException {
+        // If the packet is finalized with L2 mtu greater than or equal to its current size, it will
+        // either return a List of size 1 or throw an IOException if something goes wrong.
+        return finalizePacket(mBuffer.position()).get(0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finalizes the packet with specified link MTU.
+     *
+     * Call after writing L4 header (no payload) or L4 payload to the buffer used by the builder.
+     * L3 header length, L3 header checksum and L4 header checksum are calculated and written back
+     * after finalization.
+     *
+     * @param l2mtu the maximum size, in bytes, of each individual packet. If the packet size
+     *              exceeds the l2mtu, it will be fragmented into smaller packets.
+     * @return a list of packet(s), each containing a portion of the original L3 payload.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public List<ByteBuffer> finalizePacket(int l2mtu) throws IOException {
         // [1] Finalize IPv4 or IPv6 header.
         int ipHeaderOffset = INVALID_OFFSET;
         if (mIpv4HeaderOffset != INVALID_OFFSET) {
+            if (mBuffer.position() > l2mtu) {
+                throw new IOException("IPv4 fragmentation is not supported");
+            }
+
             ipHeaderOffset = mIpv4HeaderOffset;
 
             // Populate the IPv4 totalLength field.
@@ -243,12 +287,15 @@
         }
 
         // [2] Finalize TCP or UDP header.
+        final int ipPayloadOffset;
         if (mTcpHeaderOffset != INVALID_OFFSET) {
+            ipPayloadOffset = mTcpHeaderOffset;
             // Populate the TCP header checksum field.
             mBuffer.putShort(mTcpHeaderOffset + TCP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, tcpChecksum(mBuffer,
                     ipHeaderOffset /* ipOffset */, mTcpHeaderOffset /* transportOffset */,
                     mBuffer.position() - mTcpHeaderOffset /* transportLen */));
         } else if (mUdpHeaderOffset != INVALID_OFFSET) {
+            ipPayloadOffset = mUdpHeaderOffset;
             // Populate the UDP header length field.
             mBuffer.putShort(mUdpHeaderOffset + UDP_LENGTH_OFFSET,
                     (short) (mBuffer.position() - mUdpHeaderOffset));
@@ -257,11 +304,81 @@
             mBuffer.putShort(mUdpHeaderOffset + UDP_CHECKSUM_OFFSET, udpChecksum(mBuffer,
                     ipHeaderOffset /* ipOffset */, mUdpHeaderOffset /* transportOffset */));
         } else {
-            throw new IOException("Packet is missing neither TCP nor UDP header");
+            throw new IOException("Packet has neither TCP nor UDP header");
         }
 
-        mBuffer.flip();
-        return mBuffer;
+        if (mBuffer.position() <= l2mtu) {
+            mBuffer.flip();
+            return Arrays.asList(mBuffer);
+        }
+
+        // IPv6 Packet is fragmented into multiple smaller packets that would fit within the link
+        // MTU.
+        // Refer to https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2460
+        //
+        // original packet:
+        // +------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |    first     |    second    |      |   last   |
+        // |       Part       |   fragment   |   fragment   | .... | fragment |
+        // +------------------+--------------+--------------+--//--+----------+
+        //
+        // fragment packets:
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |Fragment|    first     |
+        // |       Part       | Header |   fragment   |
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        //
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |Fragment|    second    |
+        // |       Part       | Header |   fragment   |
+        // +------------------+--------+--------------+
+        //                       o
+        //                       o
+        //                       o
+        // +------------------+--------+----------+
+        // |  Unfragmentable  |Fragment|   last   |
+        // |       Part       | Header | fragment |
+        // +------------------+--------+----------+
+        final List<ByteBuffer> fragments = new ArrayList<>();
+        final int totalPayloadLen = mBuffer.position() - ipPayloadOffset;
+        final int perPacketPayloadLen = l2mtu - ipPayloadOffset - IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN;
+        final short protocol = (short) Byte.toUnsignedInt(
+                mBuffer.get(mIpv6HeaderOffset + IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET));
+        Random random = new Random();
+        final int id = random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        int startOffset = 0;
+        // Copy the packet content to a byte array.
+        byte[] packet = new byte[mBuffer.position()];
+        // The ByteBuffer#get(int index, byte[] dst) method is only available in API level 35 and
+        // above. Here, we use a more primitive approach: reposition the ByteBuffer to the beginning
+        // before copying, then return its position to the end afterward.
+        mBuffer.position(0);
+        mBuffer.get(packet);
+        mBuffer.position(packet.length);
+        while (startOffset < totalPayloadLen) {
+            int copyPayloadLen = Math.min(perPacketPayloadLen, totalPayloadLen - startOffset);
+            // The data portion must be broken into segments aligned with 8-octet boundaries.
+            // Therefore, the payload length should be a multiple of 8 bytes for all fragments
+            // except the last one.
+            // See https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc791 section 3.2
+            if (copyPayloadLen != totalPayloadLen - startOffset) {
+                copyPayloadLen &= ~7;
+            }
+            ByteBuffer fragment = ByteBuffer.allocate(ipPayloadOffset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN
+                    + copyPayloadLen);
+            fragment.put(packet, 0, ipPayloadOffset);
+            writeFragmentHeader(fragment, protocol, startOffset,
+                    startOffset + copyPayloadLen < totalPayloadLen, id);
+            fragment.put(packet, ipPayloadOffset + startOffset, copyPayloadLen);
+            fragment.putShort(mIpv6HeaderOffset + IPV6_LEN_OFFSET,
+                    (short) (IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN + copyPayloadLen));
+            fragment.put(mIpv6HeaderOffset + IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET, (byte) IPPROTO_FRAGMENT);
+            fragment.flip();
+            fragments.add(fragment);
+            startOffset += copyPayloadLen;
+        }
+
+        return fragments;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SingleWriterBpfMap.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SingleWriterBpfMap.java
index 3eb59d8..cd6bfec 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SingleWriterBpfMap.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SingleWriterBpfMap.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.util.Pair;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi;
@@ -61,14 +62,14 @@
     // our code can contain hundreds of items.
     private final HashMap<K, V> mCache = new HashMap<>();
 
-    protected SingleWriterBpfMap(@NonNull final String path, final int flag, final Class<K> key,
+    // This should only ever be called (hence private) once for a given 'path'.
+    // Java-wise what matters is the entire {path, key, value} triplet,
+    // but of course the kernel exclusive lock is just on the path (fd),
+    // and any BpfMap has (or should have...) well defined key/value types
+    // (or at least their sizes) so in practice it doesn't really matter.
+    private SingleWriterBpfMap(@NonNull final String path, final Class<K> key,
             final Class<V> value) throws ErrnoException, NullPointerException {
-        super(path, flag, key, value);
-
-        if (flag != BPF_F_RDWR) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                    "Using " + getClass().getName() + " for read-only maps does not make sense");
-        }
+        super(path, BPF_F_RDWR_EXCLUSIVE, key, value);
 
         // Populate cache with the current map contents.
         K currentKey = super.getFirstKey();
@@ -78,9 +79,22 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public SingleWriterBpfMap(@NonNull final String path, final Class<K> key,
-            final Class<V> value) throws ErrnoException, NullPointerException {
-        this(path, BPF_F_RDWR, key, value);
+    // This allows reuse of SingleWriterBpfMap objects for the same {path, keyClass, valueClass}.
+    // These are never destroyed, so once created the lock is (effectively) held till process death
+    // (even if fixed, there would still be a write-only fd cache in underlying BpfMap base class).
+    private static final HashMap<Pair<String, Pair<Class, Class>>, SingleWriterBpfMap>
+            singletonCache = new HashMap<>();
+
+    // This is the public 'factory method' that (creates if needed and) returns a singleton instance
+    // for a given map.  This holds an exclusive lock and has a permanent write-through cache.
+    // It will not be released until process death (or at least unload of the relevant class loader)
+    public synchronized static <KK extends Struct, VV extends Struct> SingleWriterBpfMap<KK,VV>
+            getSingleton(@NonNull final String path, final Class<KK> key, final Class<VV> value)
+            throws ErrnoException, NullPointerException {
+        var cacheKey = new Pair<>(path, new Pair<Class,Class>(key, value));
+        if (!singletonCache.containsKey(cacheKey))
+            singletonCache.put(cacheKey, new SingleWriterBpfMap(path, key, value));
+        return singletonCache.get(cacheKey);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachine.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java
similarity index 96%
rename from Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachine.java
rename to staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java
index a17eb26..da184d3 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachine.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachine.java
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util;
+package com.android.net.module.util;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -165,6 +165,11 @@
      * The message is processed sequentially, so calling this method recursively is not permitted.
      * In other words, using this method inside State#enter, State#exit, or State#processMessage
      * is incorrect and will result in an IllegalStateException.
+     *
+     * @param what is assigned to Message.what
+     * @param arg1 is assigned to Message.arg1
+     * @param arg2 is assigned to Message.arg2
+     * @param obj  is assigned to Message.obj
      */
     public final void processMessage(int what, int arg1, int arg2, @Nullable Object obj) {
         ensureCorrectThread();
@@ -189,6 +194,15 @@
         mCurrentlyProcessing = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Synchronously process a message and perform state transition.
+     *
+     * @param what is assigned to Message.what.
+     */
+    public final void processMessage(int what) {
+        processMessage(what, 0, 0, null);
+    }
+
     private void maybeProcessSelfMessageQueue() {
         while (!mSelfMsgQueue.isEmpty()) {
             currentStateProcessMessageThenPerformTransitions(mSelfMsgQueue.poll());
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
index 319d51a..a8c50d8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
@@ -129,7 +129,9 @@
     public static final int IPV6_PROTOCOL_OFFSET = 6;
     public static final int IPV6_SRC_ADDR_OFFSET = 8;
     public static final int IPV6_DST_ADDR_OFFSET = 24;
+    public static final int IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET = 4;
     public static final int IPV6_MIN_MTU = 1280;
+    public static final int IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN = 4;
     public static final int IPV6_FRAGMENT_HEADER_LEN = 8;
     public static final int RFC7421_PREFIX_LENGTH = 64;
     // getSockOpt() for v6 MTU
@@ -141,6 +143,8 @@
     public static final Inet6Address IPV6_ADDR_ALL_HOSTS_MULTICAST =
             (Inet6Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ff02::3");
 
+    public static final int IPPROTO_FRAGMENT = 44;
+
     /**
      * ICMP constants.
      *
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
index d716358..cd51004 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/BpfRingbuf.h
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
 
 
 inline base::Result<void> BpfRingbufBase::Init(const char* path) {
-  mRingFd.reset(mapRetrieveRW(path));
+  mRingFd.reset(mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(path));
   if (!mRingFd.ok()) {
     return android::base::ErrnoError()
            << "failed to retrieve ringbuffer at " << path;
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
index dc7925e..4ddec8b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_headers/include/bpf/bpf_helpers.h
@@ -39,11 +39,12 @@
 // Android U / 14 (api level 34) - various new program types added
 #define BPFLOADER_U_VERSION 38u
 
-// Android V / 15 (api level 35) - platform only
+// Android U QPR2 / 14 (api level 34) - platform only
 // (note: the platform bpfloader in V isn't really versioned at all,
 //  as there is no need as it can only load objects compiled at the
 //  same time as itself and the rest of the platform)
-#define BPFLOADER_PLATFORM_VERSION 41u
+#define BPFLOADER_U_QPR2_VERSION 41u
+#define BPFLOADER_PLATFORM_VERSION BPFLOADER_U_QPR2_VERSION
 
 // Android Mainline - this bpfloader should eventually go back to T (or even S)
 // Note: this value (and the following +1u's) are hardcoded in NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -55,8 +56,11 @@
 // Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android U
 #define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_T_VERSION + 1u)
 
+// Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android U QPR3
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_QPR3_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION + 1u)
+
 // Android Mainline BpfLoader when running on Android V
-#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_VERSION + 1u)
+#define BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_V_VERSION (BPFLOADER_MAINLINE_U_QPR3_VERSION + 1u)
 
 /* For mainline module use, you can #define BPFLOADER_{MIN/MAX}_VER
  * before #include "bpf_helpers.h" to change which bpfloaders will
@@ -133,6 +137,7 @@
 #define KVER_5_4  KVER(5, 4, 0)
 #define KVER_5_8  KVER(5, 8, 0)
 #define KVER_5_9  KVER(5, 9, 0)
+#define KVER_5_10 KVER(5, 10, 0)
 #define KVER_5_15 KVER(5, 15, 0)
 #define KVER_6_1  KVER(6, 1, 0)
 #define KVER_6_6  KVER(6, 6, 0)
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
index 2a0e8e0..73cef89 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpf_syscall_wrappers/include/BpfSyscallWrappers.h
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
 #include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
 
 #ifdef BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
   #define BPF_FD_TYPE int
@@ -128,16 +131,61 @@
                             });
 }
 
-inline int mapRetrieveRW(const char* pathname) {
+int bpfGetFdMapId(const BPF_FD_TYPE map_fd);
+
+inline int bpfLock(int fd, short type) {
+    if (fd < 0) return fd;  // pass any errors straight through
+#ifdef BPF_MAP_LOCKLESS_FOR_TEST
+    return fd;
+#endif
+#ifdef BPF_FD_JUST_USE_INT
+    int mapId = bpfGetFdMapId(fd);
+    int saved_errno = errno;
+#else
+    base::unique_fd ufd(fd);
+    int mapId = bpfGetFdMapId(ufd);
+    int saved_errno = errno;
+    (void)ufd.release();
+#endif
+    // 4.14+ required to fetch map id, but we don't want to call isAtLeastKernelVersion
+    if (mapId == -1 && saved_errno == EINVAL) return fd;
+    if (mapId <= 0) abort();  // should not be possible
+
+    // on __LP64__ (aka. 64-bit userspace) 'struct flock64' is the same as 'struct flock'
+    struct flock64 fl = {
+        .l_type = type,        // short: F_{RD,WR,UN}LCK
+        .l_whence = SEEK_SET,  // short: SEEK_{SET,CUR,END}
+        .l_start = mapId,      // off_t: start offset
+        .l_len = 1,            // off_t: number of bytes
+    };
+
+    // see: bionic/libc/bionic/fcntl.cpp: iff !__LP64__ this uses fcntl64
+    int ret = fcntl(fd, F_OFD_SETLK, &fl);
+    if (!ret) return fd;  // success
+    close(fd);
+    return ret;  // most likely -1 with errno == EAGAIN, due to already held lock
+}
+
+inline int mapRetrieveLocklessRW(const char* pathname) {
     return bpfFdGet(pathname, 0);
 }
 
+inline int mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(const char* pathname) {
+    return bpfLock(mapRetrieveLocklessRW(pathname), F_WRLCK);
+}
+
+inline int mapRetrieveRW(const char* pathname) {
+    return bpfLock(mapRetrieveLocklessRW(pathname), F_RDLCK);
+}
+
 inline int mapRetrieveRO(const char* pathname) {
     return bpfFdGet(pathname, BPF_F_RDONLY);
 }
 
+// WARNING: it's impossible to grab a shared (ie. read) lock on a write-only fd,
+// so we instead choose to grab an exclusive (ie. write) lock.
 inline int mapRetrieveWO(const char* pathname) {
-    return bpfFdGet(pathname, BPF_F_WRONLY);
+    return bpfLock(bpfFdGet(pathname, BPF_F_WRONLY), F_WRLCK);
 }
 
 inline int retrieveProgram(const char* pathname) {
diff --git a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
index b92f107..1923ceb 100644
--- a/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
+++ b/staticlibs/native/bpfmapjni/com_android_net_module_util_BpfMap.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,24 @@
         jstring path, jint mode, jint keySize, jint valueSize) {
     ScopedUtfChars pathname(env, path);
 
-    jint fd = bpf::bpfFdGet(pathname.c_str(), static_cast<unsigned>(mode));
+    jint fd = -1;
+    switch (mode) {
+      case 0:
+        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRW(pathname.c_str());
+        break;
+      case BPF_F_RDONLY:
+        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveRO(pathname.c_str());
+        break;
+      case BPF_F_WRONLY:
+        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveWO(pathname.c_str());
+        break;
+      case BPF_F_RDONLY|BPF_F_WRONLY:
+        fd = bpf::mapRetrieveExclusiveRW(pathname.c_str());
+        break;
+      default:
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        break;
+    }
 
     if (fd < 0) {
         jniThrowErrnoException(env, "nativeBpfFdGet", errno);
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java
index e40cd6b..886336c 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/PacketBuilderTest.java
@@ -21,9 +21,13 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV4;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ETHER_TYPE_IPV6;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_HEADER_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCPHDR_ACK;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.TCP_HEADER_MIN_LEN;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.UDP_HEADER_LEN;
@@ -54,6 +58,8 @@
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
@@ -489,10 +495,103 @@
                 (byte) 0xde, (byte) 0xad, (byte) 0xbe, (byte) 0xef
             };
 
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_NO_FRAG =
+            new byte[] {
+                // packet = Ether(src="11:22:33:44:55:66", dst="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", type='IPv6')/
+                //          IPv6(src="2001:db8::1", dst="2001:db8::2", tc=0x80, fl=0x515ca,
+                //          hlim=0x40)/UDP(sport=9876, dport=433)/
+                //          Raw([i%256 for i in range(0, 500)]);
+                // Ether header
+                (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0xdd,
+                (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22,
+                (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66,
+                (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xdd,
+                // IPv6 header
+                (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xca,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x40,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02,
+                // UDP header
+                (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x94, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xb1,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0xd3, (byte) 0x9e,
+                // Data
+                // 500 bytes of repeated 0x00~0xff
+            };
+
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG1 =
+            new byte[] {
+                // packet = Ether(src="11:22:33:44:55:66", dst="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", type='IPv6')/
+                //          IPv6(src="2001:db8::1", dst="2001:db8::2", tc=0x80, fl=0x515ca,
+                //          hlim=0x40)/UDP(sport=9876, dport=433)/
+                //          Raw([i%256 for i in range(0, 500)]);
+                // packets=fragment6(packet, 400);
+                // Ether header
+                (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0xdd,
+                (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22,
+                (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66,
+                (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xdd,
+                // IPv6 header
+                (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xca,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x58, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x40,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02,
+                // Fragement Header
+                (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                // UDP header
+                (byte) 0x26, (byte) 0x94, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xb1,
+                (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0xfc, (byte) 0xd3, (byte) 0x9e,
+                // Data
+                // 328 bytes of repeated 0x00~0xff, start:0x00 end:0x47
+            };
+
+    private static final byte[] TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG2 =
+            new byte[] {
+                // packet = Ether(src="11:22:33:44:55:66", dst="aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff", type='IPv6')/
+                //          IPv6(src="2001:db8::1", dst="2001:db8::2", tc=0x80, fl=0x515ca,
+                //          hlim=0x40)/UDP(sport=9876, dport=433)/
+                //          Raw([i%256 for i in range(0, 500)]);
+                // packets=fragment6(packet, 400);
+                // Ether header
+                (byte) 0xaa, (byte) 0xbb, (byte) 0xcc, (byte) 0xdd,
+                (byte) 0xee, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22,
+                (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66,
+                (byte) 0x86, (byte) 0xdd,
+                // IPv6 header
+                (byte) 0x68, (byte) 0x05, (byte) 0x15, (byte) 0xca,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0xb4, (byte) 0x2c, (byte) 0x40,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01,
+                (byte) 0x20, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x0d, (byte) 0xb8,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x02,
+                // Fragement Header
+                (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x50,
+                (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00,
+                // Data
+                // 172 bytes of repeated 0x00~0xff, start:0x48 end:0xf3
+            };
+
     /**
      * Build a packet which has ether header, IP header, TCP/UDP header and data.
      * The ethernet header and data are optional. Note that both source mac address and
-     * destination mac address are required for ethernet header.
+     * destination mac address are required for ethernet header. The packet will be fragmented into
+     * multiple smaller packets if the packet size exceeds L2 mtu.
      *
      * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      * |                Layer 2 header (EthernetHeader)                | (optional)
@@ -511,11 +610,12 @@
      * @param l4proto the layer 4 protocol. Only {@code IPPROTO_TCP} and {@code IPPROTO_UDP}
      *        currently supported.
      * @param payload the payload.
+     * @param l2mtu the Link MTU. It's the upper bound of each packet size. Zero means no limit.
      */
     @NonNull
-    private ByteBuffer buildPacket(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
+    private List<ByteBuffer> buildPackets(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
             @Nullable final MacAddress dstMac, final int l3proto, final int l4proto,
-            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload)
+            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload, int l2mtu)
             throws Exception {
         if (l3proto != IPPROTO_IP && l3proto != IPPROTO_IPV6) {
             fail("Unsupported layer 3 protocol " + l3proto);
@@ -562,7 +662,15 @@
             payload.clear();
         }
 
-        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket();
+        return packetBuilder.finalizePacket(l2mtu > 0 ? l2mtu : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private ByteBuffer buildPacket(@Nullable final MacAddress srcMac,
+            @Nullable final MacAddress dstMac, final int l3proto, final int l4proto,
+            @Nullable final ByteBuffer payload)
+            throws Exception {
+        return buildPackets(srcMac, dstMac, l3proto, l4proto, payload, 0).get(0);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -874,6 +982,66 @@
         assertArrayEquals(TEST_PACKET_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA, packet.array());
     }
 
+    private void checkIpv6PacketIgnoreFragmentId(byte[] expected, byte[] actual) {
+        final int offset = ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET;
+        assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOf(expected, offset), Arrays.copyOf(actual, offset));
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(expected, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN, expected.length),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(actual, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN, actual.length));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBuildPacketIPv6FragmentUdpData() throws Exception {
+        // A UDP packet with 500 bytes payload will be fragmented into two UDP packets each carrying
+        // 328 and 172 bytes of payload if the Link MTU is 400. Note that only the first packet
+        // contains the original UDP header.
+        final int payloadLen = 500;
+        final int payloadLen1 = 328;
+        final int payloadLen2 = 172;
+        final int l2mtu = 400;
+        final byte[] payload = new byte[payloadLen];
+        // Initialize the payload with repeated values from 0x00 to 0xff.
+        for (int i = 0; i < payload.length; i++) {
+            payload[i] = (byte) (i & 0xff);
+        }
+
+        // Verify original UDP packet.
+        final ByteBuffer packet = buildPacket(SRC_MAC, DST_MAC, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(payload));
+        final int headerLen = TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_NO_FRAG.length;
+        assertArrayEquals(TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_NO_FRAG,
+                Arrays.copyOf(packet.array(), headerLen));
+        assertArrayEquals(payload,
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packet.array(), headerLen, headerLen + payloadLen));
+
+        // Verify fragments of UDP packet.
+        final List<ByteBuffer> packets = buildPackets(SRC_MAC, DST_MAC, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_UDP,
+                ByteBuffer.wrap(payload), l2mtu);
+        assertEquals(2, packets.size());
+
+        // Verify first fragment.
+        int headerLen1 = TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG1.length;
+        // (1) Compare packet content up to the UDP header, excluding the fragment ID as it's a
+        // random value.
+        checkIpv6PacketIgnoreFragmentId(TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG1,
+                Arrays.copyOf(packets.get(0).array(), headerLen1));
+        // (2) Compare UDP payload.
+        assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOf(payload, payloadLen1),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(0).array(), headerLen1, headerLen1 + payloadLen1));
+
+        // Verify second fragment (similar to the first one).
+        int headerLen2 = TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG2.length;
+        checkIpv6PacketIgnoreFragmentId(TEST_PACKET_ETHERHDR_IPV6HDR_UDPHDR_DATA_FRAG2,
+                Arrays.copyOf(packets.get(1).array(), headerLen2));
+        assertArrayEquals(Arrays.copyOfRange(payload, payloadLen1, payloadLen1 + payloadLen2),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(1).array(), headerLen2, headerLen2 + payloadLen2));
+        // Verify that the fragment IDs in the first and second fragments are the same.
+        final int offset = ETHER_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_HEADER_LEN + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_OFFSET;
+        assertArrayEquals(
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(0).array(), offset, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN),
+                Arrays.copyOfRange(packets.get(1).array(), offset, offset + IPV6_FRAGMENT_ID_LEN));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testFinalizePacketWithoutIpv4Header() throws Exception {
         final ByteBuffer buffer = PacketBuilder.allocate(false /* hasEther */, IPPROTO_IP,
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
similarity index 98%
rename from Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
rename to staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
index 3a57fdd..d534054 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/SyncStateMachineTest.kt
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package com.android.networkstack.tethering.util
+package com.android.net.module.util
 
 import android.os.Message
 import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import com.android.internal.util.State
-import com.android.networkstack.tethering.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
+import com.android.net.module.util.SyncStateMachine.StateInfo
 import java.util.ArrayDeque
 import java.util.ArrayList
 import kotlin.test.assertFailsWith
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
 
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
 @SmallTest
-class SynStateMachineTest {
+class SyncStateMachineTest {
     private val mState1 = spy(object : TestState(MSG_1) {})
     private val mState2 = spy(object : TestState(MSG_2) {})
     private val mState3 = spy(object : TestState(MSG_3) {})
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java
index 4c3fde6..b5e3dff 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/StructNlAttrTest.java
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testGetValueAsIntger() {
+    public void testGetValueAsInteger() {
         final StructNlAttr attr1 = new StructNlAttr(IFA_FLAGS, TEST_ADDR_FLAGS);
         final Integer integer1 = attr1.getValueAsInteger();
         final int int1 = attr1.getValueAsInt(0x08 /* default value */);
-        assertEquals(integer1, new Integer(TEST_ADDR_FLAGS));
+        assertEquals(integer1, Integer.valueOf(TEST_ADDR_FLAGS));
         assertEquals(int1, TEST_ADDR_FLAGS);
 
         // Malformed attribute.
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
index df6067d..e634f0e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/app/connectivitychecker/src/com/android/testutils/connectivitypreparer/ConnectivityCheckTest.kt
@@ -34,17 +34,13 @@
     private val connectUtil by lazy { ConnectUtil(context) }
 
     @Test
-    fun testCheckConnectivity() {
-        checkWifiSetup()
-        checkTelephonySetup()
-    }
-
-    private fun checkWifiSetup() {
+    fun testCheckWifiSetup() {
         if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WIFI)) return
         connectUtil.ensureWifiValidated()
     }
 
-    private fun checkTelephonySetup() {
+    @Test
+    fun testCheckTelephonySetup() {
         if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY)) return
         val tm = context.getSystemService(TelephonyManager::class.java)
                 ?: fail("Could not get telephony service")
@@ -52,7 +48,7 @@
         val commonError = "Check the test bench. To run the tests anyway for quick & dirty local " +
                 "testing, you can use atest X -- " +
                 "--test-arg com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer" +
-                ":ignore-connectivity-check:true"
+                ":ignore-mobile-data-check:true"
         // Do not use assertEquals: it outputs "expected X, was Y", which looks like a test failure
         if (tm.simState == TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_ABSENT) {
             fail("The device has no SIM card inserted. $commonError")
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
similarity index 99%
rename from tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
rename to staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
index 93cec9c..8b88224 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/MdnsTestUtils.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/MdnsTestUtils.kt
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-package android.net.cts
+package com.android.testutils
 
 import android.net.DnsResolver
 import android.net.Network
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
index 6d03042..435fdd8 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
@@ -28,9 +28,11 @@
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK = "ConnectivityTestPreparer.apk"
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME = "com.android.testutils.connectivitypreparer"
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS = "$CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME.ConnectivityCheckTest"
+
 // As per the <instrumentation> defined in the checker manifest
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_RUNNER_NAME = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-private const val IGNORE_CONN_CHECK_OPTION = "ignore-connectivity-check"
+private const val IGNORE_WIFI_CHECK = "ignore-wifi-check"
+private const val IGNORE_MOBILE_DATA_CHECK = "ignore-mobile-data-check"
 
 // The default updater package names, which might be updating packages while the CTS
 // are running
@@ -41,14 +43,23 @@
  *
  * For quick and dirty local testing, the connectivity check can be disabled by running tests with
  * "atest -- \
- * --test-arg com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer:ignore-connectivity-check:true".
+ * --test-arg com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer:ignore-mobile-data-check:true". \
+ * --test-arg com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer:ignore-wifi-check:true".
  */
 open class ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer : BaseTargetPreparer() {
     private val installer = SuiteApkInstaller()
 
-    @Option(name = IGNORE_CONN_CHECK_OPTION,
-            description = "Disables the check for mobile data and wifi")
-    private var ignoreConnectivityCheck = false
+    @Option(
+        name = IGNORE_WIFI_CHECK,
+            description = "Disables the check for wifi"
+    )
+    private var ignoreWifiCheck = false
+    @Option(
+        name = IGNORE_MOBILE_DATA_CHECK,
+            description = "Disables the check for mobile data"
+    )
+    private var ignoreMobileDataCheck = false
+
     // The default value is never used, but false is a reasonable default
     private var originalTestChainEnabled = false
     private val originalUpdaterPkgsStatus = HashMap<String, Boolean>()
@@ -58,44 +69,62 @@
         disableGmsUpdate(testInfo)
         originalTestChainEnabled = getTestChainEnabled(testInfo)
         originalUpdaterPkgsStatus.putAll(getUpdaterPkgsStatus(testInfo))
-        setUpdaterNetworkingEnabled(testInfo, enableChain = true,
-                enablePkgs = UPDATER_PKGS.associateWith { false })
-        runPreparerApk(testInfo)
+        setUpdaterNetworkingEnabled(
+            testInfo,
+            enableChain = true,
+            enablePkgs = UPDATER_PKGS.associateWith { false }
+        )
+        runConnectivityCheckApk(testInfo)
         refreshTime(testInfo)
     }
 
-    private fun runPreparerApk(testInfo: TestInformation) {
+    private fun runConnectivityCheckApk(testInfo: TestInformation) {
         installer.setCleanApk(true)
         installer.addTestFileName(CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK)
         installer.setShouldGrantPermission(true)
         installer.setUp(testInfo)
 
+        val testMethods = mutableListOf<String>()
+        if (!ignoreWifiCheck) {
+            testMethods.add("testCheckWifiSetup")
+        }
+        if (!ignoreMobileDataCheck) {
+            testMethods.add("testCheckTelephonySetup")
+        }
+
+        testMethods.forEach {
+            runTestMethod(testInfo, it)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun runTestMethod(testInfo: TestInformation, method: String) {
         val runner = DefaultRemoteAndroidTestRunner(
-                CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME,
-                CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_RUNNER_NAME,
-                testInfo.device.iDevice)
+            CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME,
+            CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_RUNNER_NAME,
+            testInfo.device.iDevice
+        )
         runner.runOptions = "--no-hidden-api-checks"
+        runner.setMethodName(CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS, method)
 
         val receiver = CollectingTestListener()
         if (!testInfo.device.runInstrumentationTests(runner, receiver)) {
-            throw TargetSetupError("Device state check failed to complete",
-                    testInfo.device.deviceDescriptor)
+            throw TargetSetupError(
+                "Device state check failed to complete",
+                testInfo.device.deviceDescriptor
+            )
         }
 
         val runResult = receiver.currentRunResults
         if (runResult.isRunFailure) {
-            throw TargetSetupError("Failed to check device state before the test: " +
-                    runResult.runFailureMessage, testInfo.device.deviceDescriptor)
-        }
-
-        val ignoredTestClasses = mutableSetOf<String>()
-        if (ignoreConnectivityCheck) {
-            ignoredTestClasses.add(CONNECTIVITY_CHECK_CLASS)
+            throw TargetSetupError(
+                "Failed to check device state before the test: " +
+                    runResult.runFailureMessage,
+                testInfo.device.deviceDescriptor
+            )
         }
 
         val errorMsg = runResult.testResults.mapNotNull { (testDescription, testResult) ->
-            if (TestResult.TestStatus.FAILURE != testResult.status ||
-                    ignoredTestClasses.contains(testDescription.className)) {
+            if (TestResult.TestStatus.FAILURE != testResult.status) {
                 null
             } else {
                 "$testDescription: ${testResult.stackTrace}"
@@ -103,21 +132,27 @@
         }.joinToString("\n")
         if (errorMsg.isBlank()) return
 
-        throw TargetSetupError("Device setup checks failed. Check the test bench: \n$errorMsg",
-                testInfo.device.deviceDescriptor)
+        throw TargetSetupError(
+            "Device setup checks failed. Check the test bench: \n$errorMsg",
+            testInfo.device.deviceDescriptor
+        )
     }
 
     private fun disableGmsUpdate(testInfo: TestInformation) {
         // This will be a no-op on devices without root (su) or not using gservices, but that's OK.
-        testInfo.exec("su 0 am broadcast " +
+        testInfo.exec(
+            "su 0 am broadcast " +
                 "-a com.google.gservices.intent.action.GSERVICES_OVERRIDE " +
-                "-e finsky.play_services_auto_update_enabled false")
+                "-e finsky.play_services_auto_update_enabled false"
+        )
     }
 
     private fun clearGmsUpdateOverride(testInfo: TestInformation) {
-        testInfo.exec("su 0 am broadcast " +
+        testInfo.exec(
+            "su 0 am broadcast " +
                 "-a com.google.gservices.intent.action.GSERVICES_OVERRIDE " +
-                "--esn finsky.play_services_auto_update_enabled")
+                "--esn finsky.play_services_auto_update_enabled"
+        )
     }
 
     private fun setUpdaterNetworkingEnabled(
@@ -137,10 +172,10 @@
             testInfo.exec("cmd connectivity get-chain3-enabled").contains("chain:enabled")
 
     private fun getUpdaterPkgsStatus(testInfo: TestInformation) =
-            UPDATER_PKGS.associateWith { pkg ->
-                !testInfo.exec("cmd connectivity get-package-networking-enabled $pkg")
-                        .contains(":deny")
-            }
+        UPDATER_PKGS.associateWith { pkg ->
+            !testInfo.exec("cmd connectivity get-package-networking-enabled $pkg")
+                .contains(":deny")
+        }
 
     private fun refreshTime(testInfo: TestInformation,) {
         // Forces a synchronous time refresh using the network. Time is fetched synchronously but
@@ -153,9 +188,11 @@
     override fun tearDown(testInfo: TestInformation, e: Throwable?) {
         if (isTearDownDisabled) return
         installer.tearDown(testInfo, e)
-        setUpdaterNetworkingEnabled(testInfo,
-                enableChain = originalTestChainEnabled,
-                enablePkgs = originalUpdaterPkgsStatus)
+        setUpdaterNetworkingEnabled(
+            testInfo,
+            enableChain = originalTestChainEnabled,
+            enablePkgs = originalUpdaterPkgsStatus
+        )
         clearGmsUpdateOverride(testInfo)
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
index da633c0..00f67f4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractDefaultRestrictionsTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
-import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY;
 
 import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;
 
@@ -46,14 +46,15 @@
     public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
         super.tearDown();
 
+        stopApp();
         removePowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
         removePowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testFgsNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
-        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
+        SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionShortDelayMs);
         assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
 
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_FOREGROUND_SERVICE);
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testActivityNetworkAccess() throws Exception {
-        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
+        SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionShortDelayMs);
         assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
 
         launchComponentAndAssertNetworkAccess(TYPE_COMPONENT_ACTIVTIY);
@@ -70,23 +71,23 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inFullAllowlist() throws Exception {
-        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
+        SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionShortDelayMs);
         assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
 
         addPowerSaveModeWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
-        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
         assertNetworkAccess(true, null);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testBackgroundNetworkAccess_inExceptIdleAllowlist() throws Exception {
-        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-        SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
+        SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionShortDelayMs);
         assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
 
         addPowerSaveModeExceptIdleWhitelist(TEST_APP2_PKG);
-        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
+        assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
         assertNetworkAccess(true, null);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
index d0203c5..0f5f58c 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/AbstractRestrictBackgroundNetworkTestCase.java
@@ -96,7 +96,12 @@
     protected static final String TEST_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside";
     protected static final String TEST_APP2_PKG = "com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside.app2";
     // TODO(b/321797685): Configure it via device-config once it is available.
-    protected static final long PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS = TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5);
+    protected final long mProcessStateTransitionLongDelayMs =
+            useDifferentDelaysForBackgroundChain() ? TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(20)
+                    : TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5);
+    protected final long mProcessStateTransitionShortDelayMs =
+            useDifferentDelaysForBackgroundChain() ? TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(2)
+                    : TimeUnit.SECONDS.toMillis(5);
 
     private static final String TEST_APP2_ACTIVITY_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyActivity";
     private static final String TEST_APP2_SERVICE_CLASS = TEST_APP2_PKG + ".MyForegroundService";
@@ -241,6 +246,22 @@
         return Boolean.parseBoolean(output);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Check if the flag to use different delays for sensitive proc-states is enabled.
+     * This is a manual check because the feature flag infrastructure may not be available
+     * in all the branches that will get this code.
+     * TODO: b/322115994 - Use @RequiresFlagsEnabled with
+     * Flags.FLAG_USE_DIFFERENT_DELAYS_FOR_BACKGROUND_CHAIN once the tests are moved to cts.
+     */
+    private boolean useDifferentDelaysForBackgroundChain() {
+        if (!SdkLevel.isAtLeastV()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final String output = executeShellCommand("device_config get backstage_power"
+                + " com.android.server.net.use_different_delays_for_background_chain");
+        return Boolean.parseBoolean(output);
+    }
+
     protected int getUid(String packageName) throws Exception {
         return mContext.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName, 0);
     }
@@ -824,6 +845,10 @@
         assertDelayedShellCommand("dumpsys deviceidle get deep", enabled ? "IDLE" : "ACTIVE");
     }
 
+    protected void stopApp() {
+        executeSilentShellCommand("am stop-app " + TEST_APP2_PKG);
+    }
+
     protected void setAppIdle(boolean isIdle) throws Exception {
         setAppIdleNoAssert(isIdle);
         assertAppIdle(isIdle);
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
index 811190f..bfccce9 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/ConnOnActivityStartTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
     @After
     public final void tearDown() throws Exception {
         super.tearDown();
-        finishActivity();
+        stopApp();
         resetDeviceState();
     }
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
         assumeTrue("Feature not enabled", isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove());
         assertLaunchedActivityHasNetworkAccess("testStartActivity_default", () -> {
             assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionLongDelayMs);
             assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
         });
     }
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
index 7038d02..3934cfa 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkCallbackTest.java
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         setBatterySaverMode(false);
         unregisterNetworkCallback();
+        stopApp();
 
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT() && (mCtsNetUtils != null)) {
             mCtsNetUtils.restorePrivateDnsSetting();
@@ -387,7 +388,7 @@
 
             finishActivity();
             assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionLongDelayMs);
             assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
             mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
             assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, true /* metered */);
@@ -413,7 +414,7 @@
 
             finishActivity();
             assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionLongDelayMs);
             assertNetworkAccess(false, null);
             mTestNetworkCallback.expectBlockedStatusCallbackEventually(mNetwork, true);
             assertNetworkAccessBlockedByBpf(true, mUid, false /* metered */);
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
index 9b3fe9f..6c5f2ff 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside-network-policy/app/src/com/android/cts/netpolicy/hostside/NetworkPolicyManagerTest.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package com.android.cts.netpolicy.hostside;
 
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY;
 import static android.app.ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
         setRestrictBackground(false);
         setRestrictedNetworkingMode(false);
         unregisterNetworkCallback();
+        stopApp();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -248,8 +250,8 @@
         assumeTrue("Feature not enabled", isNetworkBlockedForTopSleepingAndAbove());
 
         try {
-            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY);
+            SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionShortDelayMs);
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED, true /* expectedResult */);
             assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED));
 
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@
 
             finishActivity();
             assertProcessStateBelow(PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING);
-            SystemClock.sleep(PROCESS_STATE_TRANSITION_DELAY_MS);
+            SystemClock.sleep(mProcessStateTransitionLongDelayMs);
             assertNetworkingBlockedStatusForUid(mUid, METERED, true /* expectedResult */);
             assertTrue(isUidNetworkingBlocked(mUid, NON_METERED));
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
index e88c105..e186c6b 100755
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/app/src/com/android/cts/net/hostside/VpnTest.java
@@ -971,8 +971,12 @@
         final TestableNetworkCallback otherUidCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         final TestableNetworkCallback myUidCallback = new TestableNetworkCallback();
         if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastS()) {
-            final int otherUid =
-                    UserHandle.of(5 /* userId */).getUid(Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
+            // Using the same appId with the test to make sure otherUid has the internet permission.
+            // This works because the UID permission map only stores the app ID and not the whole
+            // UID. If the otherUid does not have the internet permission, network access from
+            // otherUid could be considered blocked on V+.
+            final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(Process.myUid());
+            final int otherUid = UserHandle.of(5 /* userId */).getUid(appId);
             final Handler h = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
             runWithShellPermissionIdentity(() -> {
                 registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(systemDefaultCallback, h);
diff --git a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
index f0a87af..cea60f9 100644
--- a/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
+++ b/tests/cts/hostside/src/com/android/cts/net/HostsideVpnTests.java
@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@
 
 import android.platform.test.annotations.RequiresDevice;
 
-import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
-
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -37,13 +35,11 @@
         uninstallPackage(TEST_APP2_PKG, true);
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testChangeUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testChangeUnderlyingNetworks");
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testDefault() throws Exception {
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testDefault");
@@ -166,7 +162,6 @@
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testBlockIncomingPackets");
     }
 
-    @SkipPresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     @Test
     public void testSetVpnDefaultForUids() throws Exception {
         runDeviceTests(TEST_PKG, TEST_PKG + ".VpnTest", "testSetVpnDefaultForUids");
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
index 5f9b3ef..1d30d68 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/Android.bp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
     main: "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
     srcs: [
         "connectivity_multi_devices_test.py",
-        "tether_utils.py",
+        "utils/*.py",
     ],
     libs: [
         "mobly",
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
index 417db99..abd6fe2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/connectivity_multi_devices_test.py
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 from mobly import test_runner
 from mobly import utils
 from mobly.controllers import android_device
-import tether_utils
-from tether_utils import UpstreamType
+from utils import mdns_utils
+from utils import tether_utils
+from utils.tether_utils import UpstreamType
 
 CONNECTIVITY_MULTI_DEVICES_SNIPPET_PACKAGE = "com.google.snippet.connectivity"
 
@@ -34,6 +35,9 @@
     )
 
   def test_hotspot_upstream_wifi(self):
+    tether_utils.assume_hotspot_test_preconditions(
+        self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.WIFI
+    )
     try:
       # Connectivity of the client verified by asserting the validated capability.
       tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
@@ -45,6 +49,9 @@
       )
 
   def test_hotspot_upstream_cellular(self):
+    tether_utils.assume_hotspot_test_preconditions(
+        self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.CELLULAR
+    )
     try:
       # Connectivity of the client verified by asserting the validated capability.
       tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
@@ -55,6 +62,25 @@
           self.serverDevice, UpstreamType.CELLULAR
       )
 
+  def test_mdns_via_hotspot(self):
+    tether_utils.assume_hotspot_test_preconditions(
+        self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
+    )
+    try:
+      # Connectivity of the client verified by asserting the validated capability.
+      tether_utils.setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
+        self.serverDevice, self.clientDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
+      )
+      mdns_utils.register_mdns_service_and_discover_resolve(
+        self.clientDevice, self.serverDevice
+      )
+    finally:
+      mdns_utils.cleanup_mdns_service(
+        self.clientDevice, self.serverDevice
+      )
+      tether_utils.cleanup_tethering_for_upstream_type(
+        self.serverDevice, UpstreamType.NONE
+      )
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
   # Take test args
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
index 5940cbb..b0b32c2 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt",
+        "MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt",
     ],
     manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
index 9ed8146..967e581 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -27,7 +27,8 @@
          of a snippet class -->
     <meta-data
         android:name="mobly-snippets"
-        android:value="com.google.snippet.connectivity.ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet" />
+        android:value="com.google.snippet.connectivity.ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet,
+                       com.google.snippet.connectivity.MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet" />
   </application>
   <!-- Add an instrumentation tag so that the app can be launched through an
        instrument command. The runner `com.google.android.mobly.snippet.SnippetRunner`
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
index 8805edd..f4ad2c4 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@
         ctsNetUtils.expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(network)
     }
 
-    @Rpc(description = "Unrequest cellular connection.")
-    fun unrequestCellular() {
-        cbHelper.unrequestCell()
+    @Rpc(description = "Unregister all connections.")
+    fun unregisterAll() {
+        cbHelper.unregisterAll()
     }
 
     @Rpc(description = "Ensure any wifi is connected and is the default network.")
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b288df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.google.snippet.connectivity
+
+import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
+import android.net.nsd.NsdServiceInfo
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.Snippet
+import com.google.android.mobly.snippet.rpc.Rpc
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals
+
+private const val SERVICE_NAME = "MultiDevicesTest"
+private const val SERVICE_TYPE = "_multi_devices._tcp"
+private const val SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY = "key"
+private const val SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_VALUE = "value"
+private const val SERVICE_PORT = 12345
+private const val REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
+
+class MdnsMultiDevicesSnippet : Snippet {
+    private val context = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().getTargetContext()
+    private val nsdManager = context.getSystemService(NsdManager::class.java)!!
+    private val registrationRecord = NsdRegistrationRecord()
+    private val discoveryRecord = NsdDiscoveryRecord()
+    private val resolveRecord = NsdResolveRecord()
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Register a mDns service")
+    fun registerMDnsService() {
+        val info = NsdServiceInfo()
+        info.setServiceName(SERVICE_NAME)
+        info.setServiceType(SERVICE_TYPE)
+        info.setPort(SERVICE_PORT)
+        info.setAttribute(SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY, SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_VALUE)
+        nsdManager.registerService(info, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, registrationRecord)
+        registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceRegistered>(REGISTRATION_TIMEOUT_MS)
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Unregister a mDns service")
+    fun unregisterMDnsService() {
+        nsdManager.unregisterService(registrationRecord)
+        registrationRecord.expectCallback<ServiceUnregistered>()
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Ensure the discovery and resolution of the mDNS service")
+    // Suppress the warning, as the NsdManager#resolveService() method is deprecated.
+    @Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+    fun ensureMDnsServiceDiscoveryAndResolution() {
+        // Discover a mDns service that matches the test service
+        nsdManager.discoverServices(SERVICE_TYPE, NsdManager.PROTOCOL_DNS_SD, discoveryRecord)
+        val info = discoveryRecord.waitForServiceDiscovered(SERVICE_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE)
+        // Resolve the retrieved mDns service.
+        nsdManager.resolveService(info, resolveRecord)
+        val serviceResolved = resolveRecord.expectCallbackEventually<ServiceResolved>()
+        serviceResolved.serviceInfo.let {
+            assertEquals(SERVICE_NAME, it.serviceName)
+            assertEquals(".$SERVICE_TYPE", it.serviceType)
+            assertEquals(SERVICE_PORT, it.port)
+            assertEquals(1, it.attributes.size)
+            assertArrayEquals(
+                    SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_VALUE.encodeToByteArray(),
+                    it.attributes[SERVICE_ATTRIBUTES_KEY]
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Rpc(description = "Stop discovery")
+    fun stopMDnsServiceDiscovery() {
+        nsdManager.stopServiceDiscovery(discoveryRecord)
+        discoveryRecord.expectCallbackEventually<DiscoveryStopped>()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/utils/mdns_utils.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/utils/mdns_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec1fea0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/utils/mdns_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#  Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+#  limitations under the License.
+
+from mobly.controllers import android_device
+
+
+def register_mdns_service_and_discover_resolve(
+    advertising_device: android_device, discovery_device: android_device
+) -> None:
+  """Test mdns advertising, discovery and resolution
+
+  One device registers an mDNS service, and another device discovers and
+  resolves that service.
+  """
+  advertising = advertising_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+  discovery = discovery_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+
+  # Register a mDns service
+  advertising.registerMDnsService()
+
+  # Ensure the discovery and resolution of the mDNS service
+  discovery.ensureMDnsServiceDiscoveryAndResolution()
+
+
+def cleanup_mdns_service(
+    advertising_device: android_device, discovery_device: android_device
+) -> None:
+  # Unregister the mDns service
+  advertising_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet.unregisterMDnsService()
+  # Stop discovery
+  discovery_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet.stopMDnsServiceDiscovery()
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py b/tests/cts/multidevices/utils/tether_utils.py
similarity index 84%
rename from tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py
rename to tests/cts/multidevices/utils/tether_utils.py
index a2d703c..702b596 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/tether_utils.py
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/utils/tether_utils.py
@@ -11,18 +11,6 @@
 #  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 #  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 #  limitations under the License.
-#
-#  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-#  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-#  You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-#  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-#  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-#  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-#  limitations under the License.
 
 import base64
 import uuid
@@ -32,6 +20,7 @@
 
 
 class UpstreamType:
+  NONE = 0
   CELLULAR = 1
   WIFI = 2
 
@@ -46,6 +35,34 @@
   return base64.b64encode(uuid.uuid1().bytes).decode("utf-8").strip("=")
 
 
+def assume_hotspot_test_preconditions(
+    server_device: android_device,
+    client_device: android_device,
+    upstream_type: UpstreamType,
+) -> None:
+  server = server_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+  client = client_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
+
+  # Assert pre-conditions specific to each upstream type.
+  asserts.skip_if(not client.hasWifiFeature(), "Client requires Wifi feature")
+  asserts.skip_if(
+      not server.hasHotspotFeature(), "Server requires hotspot feature"
+  )
+  if upstream_type == UpstreamType.CELLULAR:
+    asserts.skip_if(
+        not server.hasTelephonyFeature(), "Server requires Telephony feature"
+    )
+  elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.WIFI:
+    asserts.skip_if(
+        not server.isStaApConcurrencySupported(),
+        "Server requires Wifi AP + STA concurrency",
+    )
+  elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.NONE:
+    pass
+  else:
+    raise ValueError(f"Invalid upstream type: {upstream_type}")
+
+
 def setup_hotspot_and_client_for_upstream_type(
     server_device: android_device,
     client_device: android_device,
@@ -60,22 +77,12 @@
   server = server_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
   client = client_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
 
-  # Assert pre-conditions specific to each upstream type.
-  asserts.skip_if(not client.hasWifiFeature(), "Client requires Wifi feature")
-  asserts.skip_if(
-      not server.hasHotspotFeature(), "Server requires hotspot feature"
-  )
   if upstream_type == UpstreamType.CELLULAR:
-    asserts.skip_if(
-        not server.hasTelephonyFeature(), "Server requires Telephony feature"
-    )
     server.requestCellularAndEnsureDefault()
   elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.WIFI:
-    asserts.skip_if(
-        not server.isStaApConcurrencySupported(),
-        "Server requires Wifi AP + STA concurrency",
-    )
     server.ensureWifiIsDefault()
+  elif upstream_type == UpstreamType.NONE:
+    pass
   else:
     raise ValueError(f"Invalid upstream type: {upstream_type}")
 
@@ -98,6 +105,6 @@
 ) -> None:
   server = server_device.connectivity_multi_devices_snippet
   if upstream_type == UpstreamType.CELLULAR:
-    server.unrequestCellular()
+    server.unregisterAll()
   # Teardown the hotspot.
   server.stopAllTethering()
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
index 38f26d8..077c3ef 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
+++ b/tests/cts/net/AndroidTestTemplate.xml
@@ -24,6 +24,11 @@
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="CaptivePortalLoginGoogle.apk+NetworkStackGoogle.apk" />
     <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="mainline-param" value="com.google.android.tethering.apex" />
     <option name="not-shardable" value="true" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.DynamicConfigPusher">
+        <option name="target" value="device" />
+        <option name="config-filename" value="{MODULE}" />
+        <option name="version" value="1.0" />
+    </target_preparer>
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller">
         <option name="cleanup-apks" value="true" />
         <option name="test-file-name" value="{MODULE}.apk" />
@@ -38,6 +43,7 @@
         <option name="runtime-hint" value="9m4s" />
         <option name="hidden-api-checks" value="false" />
         <option name="isolated-storage" value="false" />
+        <option name="instrumentation-arg" key="test-module-name" value="{MODULE}" />
         <!-- Test filter that allows test APKs to select which tests they want to run by annotating
              those tests with an annotation matching the name of the APK.
 
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/DynamicConfig.xml b/tests/cts/net/DynamicConfig.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af019c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/DynamicConfig.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<dynamicConfig>
+    <entry key="remote_config_required">
+        <value>false</value>
+    </entry>
+    <entry key="IP_ADDRESS_ECHO_URL">
+        <value>https://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text</value>
+    </entry>
+</dynamicConfig>
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
index 8e24fba..de4a3bf 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/Android.bp
@@ -3,6 +3,11 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
+filegroup {
+    name: "dns_async_test_default_map",
+    srcs: ["dns_async_test_default.map"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "dns_async_defaults",
 
@@ -20,6 +25,14 @@
     srcs: [
         "NativeDnsAsyncTest.cpp",
     ],
+    // This test runs on older platform versions, so many libraries (such as libbase and libc++)
+    // need to be linked statically. The test also needs to be linked with a version script to
+    // ensure that the statically-linked library isn't exported from the executable, where it
+    // would override the shared libraries that the platform itself uses.
+    // See http://b/333438055 for an example of what goes wrong when libc++ is partially exported
+    // from an executable.
+    version_script: ":dns_async_test_default_map",
+    stl: "libc++_static",
     shared_libs: [
         "libandroid",
         "liblog",
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/native/dns/dns_async_test_default.map b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/dns_async_test_default.map
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e342e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cts/net/native/dns/dns_async_test_default.map
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+{
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
index 0b6637d..f6cbeeb 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ApfIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.ICMP6_TYPE_OFFSET
 import android.net.apf.ApfConstants.IPV6_NEXT_HEADER_OFFSET
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker
+import android.net.apf.ApfCounterTracker.Counter.FILTER_AGE_16384THS
 import android.net.apf.ApfV4Generator
+import android.net.apf.ApfV4GeneratorBase
+import android.net.apf.ApfV6Generator
 import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator
 import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.MemorySlot
 import android.net.apf.BaseApfGenerator.Register.R0
@@ -73,7 +77,6 @@
 import com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage
 import com.google.common.truth.TruthJUnit.assume
 import java.io.FileDescriptor
-import java.lang.Thread
 import java.net.InetSocketAddress
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
@@ -361,7 +364,8 @@
     @SkipPresubmit(reason = "This test takes longer than 1 minute, do not run it on presubmit.")
     // APF integration is mostly broken before V, only run the full read / write test on V+.
     @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
-    @Test
+    // Increase timeout for test to 15 minutes to accommodate device with large APF RAM.
+    @Test(timeout = 15 * 60 * 1000)
     fun testReadWriteProgram() {
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
 
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    fun ApfV4Generator.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply() {
+    fun ApfV4GeneratorBase<*>.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply() {
         // If not IPv6 -> PASS
         addLoad16(R0, ETH_ETHERTYPE_OFFSET)
         addJumpIfR0NotEquals(ETH_P_IPV6.toLong(), BaseApfGenerator.PASS_LABEL)
@@ -419,7 +423,11 @@
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
 
         // clear any active APF filter
-        var gen = ApfV4Generator(4).addPass()
+        var gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        ).addPass()
         installProgram(gen.generate())
         readProgram() // wait for install completion
 
@@ -434,7 +442,11 @@
         assertThat(packetReader.expectPingReply()).isEqualTo(data)
 
         // Generate an APF program that drops the next ping
-        gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+        gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
 
         // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
         gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
@@ -468,7 +480,11 @@
         // Test v4 memory slots on both v4 and v6 interpreters.
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
         clearApfMemory()
-        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
 
         // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
         gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
@@ -523,7 +539,11 @@
         assume().that(getVsrApiLevel()).isAtLeast(34)
         assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(4)
         clearApfMemory()
-        val gen = ApfV4Generator(4)
+        val gen = ApfV4Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
 
         // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
         gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
@@ -553,6 +573,53 @@
         buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(readProgram(), counterRegion, 4 /* length */)
         val filterAgeSeconds = buffer.getInt()
         // Assert that filter age has increased, but not too much.
-        assertThat(filterAgeSeconds - filterAgeSecondsOrig).isEqualTo(5)
+        val timeDiff = filterAgeSeconds - filterAgeSecondsOrig
+        assertThat(timeDiff).isAnyOf(5, 6)
+    }
+
+    @VsrTest(requirements = ["VSR-5.3.12-002", "VSR-5.3.12-005"])
+    @Test
+    fun testFilterAge16384thsIncreasesBetweenPackets() {
+        assumeApfVersionSupportAtLeast(6000)
+        clearApfMemory()
+        val gen = ApfV6Generator(
+                caps.apfVersionSupported,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize,
+                caps.maximumApfProgramSize
+        )
+
+        // If not ICMPv6 Echo Reply -> PASS
+        gen.addPassIfNotIcmpv6EchoReply()
+
+        // Store all prefilled memory slots in counter region [500, 520)
+        gen.addLoadFromMemory(R0, MemorySlot.FILTER_AGE_16384THS)
+        gen.addStoreCounter(FILTER_AGE_16384THS, R0)
+
+        installProgram(gen.generate())
+        readProgram() // wait for install completion
+
+        val payloadSize = 56
+        val data = ByteArray(payloadSize).also { Random.nextBytes(it) }
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        var apfRam = readProgram()
+        val filterAge16384thSecondsOrig =
+                ApfCounterTracker.getCounterValue(apfRam, FILTER_AGE_16384THS)
+
+        Thread.sleep(5000)
+
+        packetReader.sendPing(data, payloadSize)
+        packetReader.expectPingReply()
+
+        apfRam = readProgram()
+        val filterAge16384thSeconds = ApfCounterTracker.getCounterValue(apfRam, FILTER_AGE_16384THS)
+        val timeDiff = (filterAge16384thSeconds - filterAge16384thSecondsOrig)
+        // Expect the HAL plus ping latency to be less than 800ms.
+        val timeDiffLowerBound = (4.99 * 16384).toInt()
+        val timeDiffUpperBound = (5.81 * 16384).toInt()
+        // Assert that filter age has increased, but not too much.
+        assertThat(timeDiff).isGreaterThan(timeDiffLowerBound)
+        assertThat(timeDiff).isLessThan(timeDiffUpperBound)
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index 633f2b6..21eb90f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
 import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.MessageQueue;
@@ -192,10 +193,11 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Range;
 
-import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.RequiresDevice;
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import com.android.compatibility.common.util.DynamicConfigDeviceSide;
 import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
@@ -213,7 +215,6 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceInfoUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.DumpTestUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
-import com.android.testutils.SkipMainlinePresubmit;
 import com.android.testutils.SkipPresubmit;
 import com.android.testutils.TestHttpServer;
 import com.android.testutils.TestNetworkTracker;
@@ -249,6 +250,7 @@
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
@@ -335,6 +337,11 @@
     private static final String TEST_HTTPS_URL_PATH = "/https_path";
     private static final String TEST_HTTP_URL_PATH = "/http_path";
     private static final String LOCALHOST_HOSTNAME = "localhost";
+    private static final String TEST_MODULE_NAME_OPTION = "test-module-name";
+    private static final String IP_ADDRESS_ECHO_URL_KEY = "IP_ADDRESS_ECHO_URL";
+    private static final List<String> ALLOWED_IP_ADDRESS_ECHO_URLS = Arrays.asList(
+            "https://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text",
+            "https://ipv6test.googleapis-cn.com/ip.js?fmt=text");
     // Re-connecting to the AP, obtaining an IP address, revalidating can take a long time
     private static final long WIFI_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000L;
 
@@ -855,7 +862,7 @@
      * Tests that connections can be opened on WiFi and cellphone networks,
      * and that they are made from different IP addresses.
      */
-    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager in instant app mode")
+    @AppModeFull(reason = "Cannot get WifiManager or access the SD card in instant app mode")
     @Test
     @RequiresDevice // Virtual devices use a single internet connection for all networks
     public void testOpenConnection() throws Exception {
@@ -865,7 +872,8 @@
         Network wifiNetwork = mCtsNetUtils.ensureWifiConnected();
         Network cellNetwork = networkCallbackRule.requestCell();
         // This server returns the requestor's IP address as the response body.
-        URL url = new URL("http://google-ipv6test.appspot.com/ip.js?fmt=text");
+        String ipAddressEchoUrl = getIpAddressEchoUrlFromConfig();
+        URL url = new URL(ipAddressEchoUrl);
         String wifiAddressString = httpGet(wifiNetwork, url);
         String cellAddressString = httpGet(cellNetwork, url);
 
@@ -882,6 +890,19 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Gets IP address echo url from dynamic config.
+     */
+    private static String getIpAddressEchoUrlFromConfig() throws Exception {
+        Bundle instrumentationArgs = InstrumentationRegistry.getArguments();
+        String testModuleName = instrumentationArgs.getString(TEST_MODULE_NAME_OPTION);
+        // Get the DynamicConfig.xml contents and extract the ipv6 test URL.
+        DynamicConfigDeviceSide dynamicConfig = new DynamicConfigDeviceSide(testModuleName);
+        String ipAddressEchoUrl = dynamicConfig.getValue(IP_ADDRESS_ECHO_URL_KEY);
+        assertContains(ALLOWED_IP_ADDRESS_ECHO_URLS, ipAddressEchoUrl);
+        return ipAddressEchoUrl;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Performs a HTTP GET to the specified URL on the specified Network, and returns
      * the response body decoded as UTF-8.
      */
@@ -1032,7 +1053,6 @@
 
     @AppModeFull(reason = "WRITE_SECURE_SETTINGS permission can't be granted to instant apps")
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
-    @SkipMainlinePresubmit(reason = "Out of SLO flakiness")
     public void testIsPrivateDnsBroken() throws InterruptedException {
         final String invalidPrivateDnsServer = "invalidhostname.example.com";
         final String goodPrivateDnsServer = "dns.google";
@@ -1237,13 +1257,14 @@
             final IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
             filter.addAction(broadcastAction);
 
+            final CompletableFuture<NetworkRequest> requestFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
             final CompletableFuture<Network> networkFuture = new CompletableFuture<>();
             final AtomicInteger receivedCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
             receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
                 @Override
                 public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                     final NetworkRequest request = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_REQUEST);
-                    assertPendingIntentRequestMatches(request, secondRequest, useListen);
+                    requestFuture.complete(request);
                     receivedCount.incrementAndGet();
                     networkFuture.complete(intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK));
                 }
@@ -1258,6 +1279,9 @@
             } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                 throw new AssertionError("PendingIntent not received for " + secondRequest, e);
             }
+            assertPendingIntentRequestMatches(
+                    requestFuture.get(NETWORK_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS),
+                    secondRequest, useListen);
 
             // Sleep for a small amount of time to try to check that only one callback is ever
             // received (so the first callback was really unregistered). This does not guarantee
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index 6fa2812..61ebd8f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -303,18 +303,6 @@
         fun expectOnAvailable(timeout: Long = TIMEOUT_MS): String {
             return available.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
         }
-
-        fun expectOnUnavailable() {
-            // Assert that the future fails with the IllegalStateException from the
-            // completeExceptionally() call inside onUnavailable.
-            assertFailsWith(IllegalStateException::class) {
-                try {
-                    available.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
-                } catch (e: ExecutionException) {
-                    throw e.cause!!
-                }
-            }
-        }
     }
 
     private class EthernetOutcomeReceiver :
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
index 5b53839..ff10e1a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkRequestTest.java
@@ -19,19 +19,19 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOTA;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.VANILLA_ICE_CREAM;
-
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
 import static junit.framework.Assert.fail;
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@
 import com.android.networkstack.apishim.common.UnsupportedApiLevelException;
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 
-import org.junit.Ignore;
 import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -512,30 +512,20 @@
         assertArrayEquals(netCapabilities, nr.getCapabilities());
     }
 
-    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(VANILLA_ICE_CREAM) @Ignore("b/338200742")
+    // Default capabilities and default forbidden capabilities must not be changed on U- because
+    // this could cause the system server crash when there is a module rollback (b/313030307)
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R) @IgnoreAfter(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
     public void testDefaultCapabilities() {
         final NetworkRequest defaultNR = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
-        assertTrue(defaultNR.hasForbiddenCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK));
-        assertFalse(defaultNR.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK));
+
+        assertEquals(4, defaultNR.getCapabilities().length);
+        assertTrue(defaultNR.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED));
+        assertTrue(defaultNR.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED));
         assertTrue(defaultNR.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN));
+        assertTrue(defaultNR.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED));
 
-        final NetworkCapabilities emptyNC =
-                NetworkCapabilities.Builder.withoutDefaultCapabilities().build();
-        assertFalse(defaultNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(emptyNC));
-
-        // defaultNC represent the capabilities of a network agent, so they must not contain
-        // forbidden capabilities by default.
-        final NetworkCapabilities defaultNC = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build();
-        assertArrayEquals(new int[0], defaultNC.getForbiddenCapabilities());
-        // A default NR can be satisfied by default NC.
-        assertTrue(defaultNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(defaultNC));
-
-        // Conversely, network requests have forbidden capabilities by default to manage
-        // backward compatibility, so test that these forbidden capabilities are in place.
-        // Starting in V, NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK is introduced but is not seen by
-        // default, thanks to a default forbidden capability in NetworkRequest.
-        defaultNC.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_LOCAL_NETWORK);
-        assertFalse(defaultNR.canBeSatisfiedBy(defaultNC));
+        assertEquals(0, defaultNR.getForbiddenCapabilities().length);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
index 1b1f367..284fcae 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.pollForQuery
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import java.util.Random
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@
 
         tryTest {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface()
-            val iface = tetheredInterface
+            val iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface()
             assertEquals(iface, downstreamIface?.interfaceName)
             val request = TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build()
@@ -115,7 +117,7 @@
 
         tryTest {
             downstreamIface = createTestInterface()
-            val iface = tetheredInterface
+            val iface = mTetheredInterfaceRequester.getInterface()
             assertEquals(iface, downstreamIface?.interfaceName)
 
             val localAddr = LinkAddress("192.0.2.3/28")
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
index 6394599..be80787 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerTest.kt
@@ -39,19 +39,6 @@
 import android.net.TestNetworkManager
 import android.net.TestNetworkSpecifier
 import android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStarted
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
-import android.net.cts.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
-import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
-import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
-import android.net.cts.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
-import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolutionStopped
-import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
-import android.net.cts.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.StopResolutionFailed
-import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdated
-import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdatedLost
-import android.net.cts.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.UnregisterCallbackSucceeded
 import android.net.cts.util.CtsNetUtils
 import android.net.nsd.DiscoveryRequest
 import android.net.nsd.NsdManager
@@ -92,9 +79,29 @@
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
 import com.android.testutils.DeviceConfigRule
 import com.android.testutils.NSResponder
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStarted
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.DiscoveryStopped
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceFound
+import com.android.testutils.NsdDiscoveryRecord.DiscoveryEvent.ServiceLost
+import com.android.testutils.NsdEvent
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.RegistrationFailed
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceRegistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdRegistrationRecord.RegistrationEvent.ServiceUnregistered
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ResolutionStopped
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.ServiceResolved
+import com.android.testutils.NsdResolveRecord.ResolveEvent.StopResolutionFailed
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdated
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.ServiceUpdatedLost
+import com.android.testutils.NsdServiceInfoCallbackRecord.ServiceInfoCallbackEvent.UnregisterCallbackSucceeded
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged
 import com.android.testutils.TapPacketReader
+import com.android.testutils.TestDnsPacket
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkAgent.CallbackEntry.OnNetworkCreated
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
@@ -102,6 +109,11 @@
 import com.android.testutils.assertEmpty
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk30
 import com.android.testutils.filters.CtsNetTestCasesMaxTargetSdk33
+import com.android.testutils.pollForAdvertisement
+import com.android.testutils.pollForMdnsPacket
+import com.android.testutils.pollForProbe
+import com.android.testutils.pollForQuery
+import com.android.testutils.pollForReply
 import com.android.testutils.runAsShell
 import com.android.testutils.tryTest
 import com.android.testutils.waitForIdle
diff --git a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
index 51a4eca..29f5cd2 100644
--- a/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
+++ b/tests/mts/bpf_existence_test.cpp
@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@
     TETHERING "map_offload_tether_upstream6_map",
     TETHERING "map_test_bitmap",
     TETHERING "map_test_tether_downstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "map_test_tether2_downstream6_map",
+    TETHERING "map_test_tether3_downstream6_map",
     TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_ether",
     TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream4_rawip",
     TETHERING "prog_offload_schedcls_tether_downstream6_ether",
@@ -141,6 +143,27 @@
     NETD "map_netd_packet_trace_ringbuf",
 };
 
+// Provided by *current* mainline module for V+ devices
+static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_PLUS = {
+    NETD "prog_netd_connect4_inet4_connect",
+    NETD "prog_netd_connect6_inet6_connect",
+    NETD "prog_netd_recvmsg4_udp4_recvmsg",
+    NETD "prog_netd_recvmsg6_udp6_recvmsg",
+    NETD "prog_netd_sendmsg4_udp4_sendmsg",
+    NETD "prog_netd_sendmsg6_udp6_sendmsg",
+};
+
+// Provided by *current* mainline module for V+ devices with 5.4+ kernels
+static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_4_PLUS = {
+    NETD "prog_netd_getsockopt_prog",
+    NETD "prog_netd_setsockopt_prog",
+};
+
+// Provided by *current* mainline module for U+ devices with 5.10+ kernels
+static const set<string> MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_10_PLUS = {
+    NETD "prog_netd_cgroupsockrelease_inet_release",
+};
+
 static void addAll(set<string>& a, const set<string>& b) {
     a.insert(b.begin(), b.end());
 }
@@ -188,6 +211,9 @@
 
     // V requires Linux Kernel 4.19+, but nothing (as yet) added or removed in V.
     if (IsAtLeastV()) ASSERT_TRUE(isAtLeastKernelVersion(4, 19, 0));
+    DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV(), MAINLINE_FOR_V_PLUS);
+    DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 4, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_4_PLUS);
+    DO_EXPECT(IsAtLeastV() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(5, 10, 0), MAINLINE_FOR_V_5_10_PLUS);
 
     for (const auto& file : mustExist) {
         EXPECT_EQ(0, access(file.c_str(), R_OK)) << file << " does not exist";
diff --git a/tests/native/utilities/firewall.h b/tests/native/utilities/firewall.h
index b3d69bf..a5cb0b9 100644
--- a/tests/native/utilities/firewall.h
+++ b/tests/native/utilities/firewall.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#define BPF_MAP_LOCKLESS_FOR_TEST
 #include <bpf/BpfMap.h>
 #include "netd.h"
 
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
index b71a46f..9a77c89 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/ConnectivityManagerTest.java
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.Process;
 
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
@@ -83,6 +85,7 @@
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
@@ -240,7 +243,7 @@
 
         // register callback
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(request);
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(request);
         manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, handler);
 
         // callback triggers
@@ -269,7 +272,7 @@
 
         // register callback
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(req1);
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(req1);
         manager.requestNetwork(req1, callback, handler);
 
         // callback triggers
@@ -287,7 +290,7 @@
 
         // callback can be registered again
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), captor.capture(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(req2);
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(req2);
         manager.requestNetwork(req2, callback, handler);
 
         // callback triggers
@@ -311,7 +314,7 @@
 
         when(mCtx.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(info);
         when(mService.requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(),
-                anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class))).thenReturn(request);
+                anyInt(), any(), nullable(String.class), anyInt())).thenReturn(request);
 
         Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
         manager.requestNetwork(request, callback, handler);
@@ -403,15 +406,15 @@
         manager.requestNetwork(request, callback);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(request.networkCapabilities),
                 eq(REQUEST.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         // Verify that register network callback does not calls requestNetwork at all.
         manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback);
         verify(mService, never()).requestNetwork(anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(),
-                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any());
+                anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt());
         verify(mService).listenForNetwork(eq(request.networkCapabilities), any(), any(), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         Handler handler = new Handler(ConnectivityThread.getInstanceLooper());
@@ -419,24 +422,24 @@
         manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(callback);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(null),
                 eq(TRACK_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallbackForUid(42, callback, handler);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(42), eq(null),
                 eq(TRACK_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
 
         manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, callback, handler);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(request.networkCapabilities),
                 eq(BACKGROUND_REQUEST.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
 
         manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(callback, handler);
         verify(mService).requestNetwork(eq(Process.INVALID_UID), eq(null),
                 eq(TRACK_SYSTEM_DEFAULT.ordinal()), any(), anyInt(), any(), eq(TYPE_NONE), anyInt(),
-                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag));
+                eq(testPkgName), eq(testAttributionTag), anyInt());
         reset(mService);
     }
 
@@ -516,16 +519,154 @@
                     + " attempts", ref.get());
     }
 
-    private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
-        doReturn(service).when(mCtx).getSystemService(name);
-        doReturn(name).when(mCtx).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWithMixedMethods_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
 
-        // If the test suite uses the inline mock maker library, such as for coverage tests,
-        // then the final version of getSystemService must also be mocked, as the real
-        // method will not be called by the test and null object is returned since no mock.
-        // Otherwise, mocking a final method will fail the test.
-        if (mCtx.getSystemService(clazz) == null) {
-            doReturn(service).when(mCtx).getSystemService(clazz);
-        }
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkCallback callback1 = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onPreCheck(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onCapabilitiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onLocalNetworkInfoChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull LocalNetworkInfo localNetworkInfo) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkResumed(@NonNull Network network) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onBlockedStatusChanged(@NonNull Network network, int blocked) {}
+        };
+        manager.requestNetwork(request, callback1);
+
+        final InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mService);
+        inOrder.verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_PRECHECK
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOCAL_NETWORK_INFO_CHANGED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_RESUMED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_BLK_CHANGED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_listenWithMixedMethods_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+
+        final NetworkCallback callback2 = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+            @Override
+            public void onLosing(@NonNull Network network, int maxMsToLive) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onUnavailable() {}
+            @Override
+            public void onLinkPropertiesChanged(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties) {}
+            @Override
+            public void onNetworkSuspended(@NonNull Network network) {}
+        };
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback2);
+        // Call a second time with the same callback to exercise caching
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, callback2);
+
+        verify(mService, times(2)).listenForNetwork(
+                any(), any(), any(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOSING
+                        // AVAILABLE calls IP_CHANGED and SUSPENDED so it gets added
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_UNAVAIL
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED
+                        | 1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_SUSPENDED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWithHiddenAvailableCallback_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+
+        final NetworkCallback hiddenOnAvailableCb = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {
+            // This overload is @hide but might still be used by (bad) apps
+            @Override
+            public void onAvailable(@NonNull Network network,
+                    @NonNull NetworkCapabilities networkCapabilities,
+                    @NonNull LinkProperties linkProperties, boolean blocked) {}
+        };
+        manager.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(hiddenOnAvailableCb);
+
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_AVAILABLE));
+    }
+
+    public static class NetworkCallbackWithOnLostOnly extends NetworkCallback {
+        @Override
+        public void onLost(@NonNull Network network) {}
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWithoutAvailableCallback_RegistrationFlagsMatch()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        final NetworkCallback noOnAvailableCb = new NetworkCallbackWithOnLostOnly();
+        manager.registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(noOnAvailableCb, handler);
+
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                eq(1 << ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_listenWithMock_OptimizationDisabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        manager.registerNetworkCallback(request, mock(NetworkCallbackWithOnLostOnly.class),
+                handler);
+
+        verify(mService).listenForNetwork(
+                any(), any(), any(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                // Mock that does not call the constructor -> do not use the optimization
+                eq(~0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDeclaredMethodsFlag_requestWitNoCallback_OptimizationDisabled()
+            throws Exception {
+        doReturn(ConnectivityManager.FEATURE_USE_DECLARED_METHODS_FOR_CALLBACKS)
+                .when(mService).getEnabledConnectivityManagerFeatures();
+        final ConnectivityManager manager = new ConnectivityManager(mCtx, mService);
+        final Handler handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
+
+        final NetworkRequest request = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
+        final NetworkCallback noCallbackAtAll = new ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback() {};
+        manager.requestBackgroundNetwork(request, noCallbackAtAll, handler);
+
+        verify(mService).requestNetwork(
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), any(), any(),
+                // No callbacks overridden -> do not use the optimization
+                eq(~0));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkCallbackFlagsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkCallbackFlagsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af06a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/NetworkCallbackFlagsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import java.lang.reflect.Method
+import java.lang.reflect.Modifier
+import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
+import kotlin.test.fail
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mockingDetails
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class NetworkCallbackFlagsTest {
+
+    // To avoid developers forgetting to update NETWORK_CB_METHODS when modifying NetworkCallbacks,
+    // or using wrong values, calculate it from annotations here and verify that it matches.
+    // This avoids the runtime cost of reflection, but still ensures that the list is correct.
+    @Test
+    fun testNetworkCallbackMethods_calculateFromAnnotations_matchesHardcodedList() {
+        val calculatedMethods = getNetworkCallbackMethodsFromAnnotations()
+        assertEquals(
+            calculatedMethods.toSet(),
+            NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder.NETWORK_CB_METHODS.map {
+                NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals(
+                    it.mName,
+                    it.mParameterTypes.toList(),
+                    callbacksCallingThisMethod = it.mCallbacksCallingThisMethod
+                )
+            }.toSet()
+        )
+    }
+
+    data class NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals(
+        val name: String,
+        val parameterTypes: List<Class<*>>,
+        val callbacksCallingThisMethod: Int
+    )
+
+    data class NetworkCallbackMethodBuilder(
+        val name: String,
+        val parameterTypes: List<Class<*>>,
+        val isFinal: Boolean,
+        val methodId: Int,
+        val mayCall: Set<Int>?,
+        var callbacksCallingThisMethod: Int
+    ) {
+        fun build() = NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals(
+            name,
+            parameterTypes,
+            callbacksCallingThisMethod
+        )
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build [NetworkCallbackMethodsHolder.NETWORK_CB_METHODS] from [NetworkCallback] annotations.
+     */
+    private fun getNetworkCallbackMethodsFromAnnotations(): List<NetworkCallbackMethodWithEquals> {
+        val parsedMethods = mutableListOf<NetworkCallbackMethodBuilder>()
+        val methods = NetworkCallback::class.java.declaredMethods
+        methods.forEach { method ->
+            val cb = method.getAnnotation(
+                NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java
+            ) ?: return@forEach
+            val callbacksCallingThisMethod = if (cb.calledByCallbackId == 0) {
+                0
+            } else {
+                1 shl cb.calledByCallbackId
+            }
+            parsedMethods.add(
+                NetworkCallbackMethodBuilder(
+                    method.name,
+                    method.parameterTypes.toList(),
+                    Modifier.isFinal(method.modifiers),
+                    cb.methodId,
+                    cb.mayCall.toSet(),
+                    callbacksCallingThisMethod
+                )
+            )
+        }
+
+        // Propagate callbacksCallingThisMethod for transitive calls
+        do {
+            var hadChange = false
+            parsedMethods.forEach { caller ->
+                parsedMethods.forEach { callee ->
+                    if (caller.mayCall?.contains(callee.methodId) == true) {
+                        // Callbacks that call the caller also cause calls to the callee. So
+                        // callbacksCallingThisMethod for the callee should include
+                        // callbacksCallingThisMethod from the caller.
+                        val newValue =
+                            caller.callbacksCallingThisMethod or callee.callbacksCallingThisMethod
+                        hadChange = hadChange || callee.callbacksCallingThisMethod != newValue
+                        callee.callbacksCallingThisMethod = newValue
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } while (hadChange)
+
+        // Final methods may affect the flags for transitive calls, but cannot be overridden, so do
+        // not need to be in the list (no overridden method in NetworkCallback will match them).
+        return parsedMethods.filter { !it.isFinal }.map { it.build() }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testMethodsAreAnnotated() {
+        val annotations = NetworkCallback::class.java.declaredMethods.mapNotNull { method ->
+            if (!Modifier.isPublic(method.modifiers) && !Modifier.isProtected(method.modifiers)) {
+                return@mapNotNull null
+            }
+            val annotation = method.getAnnotation(NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java)
+            assertNotNull(annotation, "$method is missing the @FilteredCallback annotation")
+            return@mapNotNull annotation
+        }
+
+        annotations.groupingBy { it.methodId }.eachCount().forEach { (methodId, cnt) ->
+            assertEquals(1, cnt, "Method ID $methodId is used more than once in @FilteredCallback")
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testObviousCalleesAreInAnnotation() {
+        NetworkCallback::class.java.declaredMethods.forEach { method ->
+            val annotation = method.getAnnotation(NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java)
+                ?: return@forEach
+            val missingFlags = getObviousCallees(method).toMutableSet().apply {
+                removeAll(annotation.mayCall.toSet())
+            }
+            val msg = "@FilteredCallback on $method is missing flags " +
+                    "$missingFlags in mayCall. There may be other " +
+                    "calls that are not detected if they are done conditionally."
+            assertEquals(emptySet(), missingFlags, msg)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Invoke the specified NetworkCallback method with mock arguments, return a set of transitively
+     * called methods.
+     *
+     * This provides an idea of which methods are transitively called by the specified method. It's
+     * not perfect as some callees could be called or not depending on the exact values of the mock
+     * arguments that are passed in (for example, onAvailable calls onNetworkSuspended only if the
+     * capabilities lack the NOT_SUSPENDED capability), but it should catch obvious forgotten calls.
+     */
+    private fun getObviousCallees(method: Method): Set<Int> {
+        // Create a mock NetworkCallback that mocks all methods except the one specified by the
+        // caller.
+        val mockCallback = mock(NetworkCallback::class.java)
+
+        if (!Modifier.isFinal(method.modifiers) ||
+            // The mock class will be NetworkCallback (not a subclass) if using mockito-inline,
+            // which mocks final methods too
+            mockCallback.javaClass == NetworkCallback::class.java) {
+            doCallRealMethod().`when`(mockCallback).let { mockObj ->
+                val anyArgs = method.parameterTypes.map { any(it) }
+                method.invoke(mockObj, *anyArgs.toTypedArray())
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Invoke the target method with mock parameters
+        val mockParameters = method.parameterTypes.map { getMockFor(method, it) }
+        method.invoke(mockCallback, *mockParameters.toTypedArray())
+
+        // Aggregate callees
+        val mockingDetails = mockingDetails(mockCallback)
+        return mockingDetails.invocations.mapNotNull { inv ->
+            if (inv.method == method) {
+                null
+            } else {
+                inv.method.getAnnotation(NetworkCallback.FilteredCallback::class.java)?.methodId
+            }
+        }.toSet()
+    }
+
+    private fun getMockFor(method: Method, c: Class<*>): Any {
+        if (!c.isPrimitive && !Modifier.isFinal(c.modifiers)) {
+            return mock(c)
+        }
+        return when (c) {
+            NetworkCapabilities::class.java -> NetworkCapabilities()
+            LinkProperties::class.java -> LinkProperties()
+            LocalNetworkInfo::class.java -> LocalNetworkInfo(null)
+            Boolean::class.java -> false
+            Int::class.java -> 0
+            else -> fail("No mock set for parameter type $c used in $method")
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index cbc060a..859c54a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -87,7 +87,9 @@
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
 import android.net.UidOwnerValue;
 import android.os.Build;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.ServiceSpecificException;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
@@ -1249,6 +1251,32 @@
         );
     }
 
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testIsUidNetworkingBlockedForCoreUids() throws Exception {
+        final long allowlistMatch = BACKGROUND_MATCH;    // Enable any allowlist match.
+        mConfigurationMap.updateEntry(UID_RULES_CONFIGURATION_KEY, new U32(allowlistMatch));
+
+        // Verify that a normal uid that is not on this chain is indeed blocked.
+        assertTrue(BpfNetMapsUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked(TEST_UID, false, mConfigurationMap,
+                mUidOwnerMap, mDataSaverEnabledMap));
+
+        final int[] coreAids = new int[] {
+                Process.ROOT_UID,
+                Process.SYSTEM_UID,
+                Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID - 10,
+                Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID - 1,
+        };
+        // Core appIds are not on the chain but should still be allowed on any user.
+        for (int userId = 0; userId < 20; userId++) {
+            for (final int aid : coreAids) {
+                final int uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, aid);
+                assertFalse(BpfNetMapsUtils.isUidNetworkingBlocked(uid, false, mConfigurationMap,
+                        mUidOwnerMap, mDataSaverEnabledMap));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private void doTestIsUidRestrictedOnMeteredNetworks(
             final long enabledMatches,
             final long uidRules,
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 8526a9a..be7f2a3 100755
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -2871,7 +2871,7 @@
         };
         final NetworkRequest request = mService.listenForNetwork(caps, messenger, binder,
                 NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE, mContext.getOpPackageName(),
-                mContext.getAttributionTag());
+                mContext.getAttributionTag(), ~0 /* declaredMethodsFlag */);
         mService.releaseNetworkRequest(request);
         deathRecipient.get().binderDied();
         // Wait for the release message to be processed.
@@ -5407,7 +5407,7 @@
             mService.requestNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, networkCapabilities,
                     NetworkRequest.Type.REQUEST.ordinal(), null, 0, null,
                     ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI, NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE,
-                    mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag());
+                    mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag(), ~0 /* declaredMethodsFlag */);
         });
 
         final NetworkRequest.Builder builder =
@@ -13655,7 +13655,8 @@
                     IllegalArgumentException.class,
                     () -> mService.requestNetwork(Process.INVALID_UID, nc, reqTypeInt, null, 0,
                             null, ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE, NetworkCallback.FLAG_NONE,
-                            mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag())
+                            mContext.getPackageName(), getAttributionTag(),
+                            ~0 /* declaredMethodsFlag */)
             );
         }
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
index 7121ed4..727db58 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkNotificationManagerTest.java
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
     private static final NetworkCapabilities CELL_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
     private static final NetworkCapabilities WIFI_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
     private static final NetworkCapabilities VPN_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
+    private static final NetworkCapabilities BT_CAPABILITIES = new NetworkCapabilities();
     static {
         CELL_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         CELL_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
@@ -128,6 +129,9 @@
         VPN_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN);
         VPN_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
         VPN_CAPABILITIES.removeCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+
+        BT_CAPABILITIES.addTransportType(NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_BLUETOOTH);
+        BT_CAPABILITIES.addCapability(NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -159,7 +163,9 @@
     @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mWifiNai;
     @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mCellNai;
     @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mVpnNai;
+    @Mock NetworkAgentInfo mBluetoothNai;
     @Mock NetworkInfo mNetworkInfo;
+    @Mock NetworkInfo mEmptyNetworkInfo;
     ArgumentCaptor<Notification> mCaptor;
 
     NetworkNotificationManager mManager;
@@ -174,6 +180,8 @@
         mCellNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
         mVpnNai.networkCapabilities = VPN_CAPABILITIES;
         mVpnNai.networkInfo = mNetworkInfo;
+        mBluetoothNai.networkCapabilities = BT_CAPABILITIES;
+        mBluetoothNai.networkInfo = mEmptyNetworkInfo;
         mDisplayMetrics.density = 2.275f;
         doReturn(true).when(mVpnNai).isVPN();
         doReturn(mResources).when(mCtx).getResources();
@@ -542,10 +550,11 @@
                 R.string.wifi_no_internet_detailed);
     }
 
-    private void runTelephonySignInNotificationTest(String testTitle, String testContents) {
+    private void runSignInNotificationTest(NetworkAgentInfo nai, String testTitle,
+            String testContents) {
         final int id = 101;
         final String tag = NetworkNotificationManager.tagFor(id);
-        mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, mCellNai, null, null, false);
+        mManager.showNotification(id, SIGN_IN, nai, null, null, false);
 
         final ArgumentCaptor<Notification> noteCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Notification.class);
         verify(mNotificationManager).notify(eq(tag), eq(SIGN_IN.eventId), noteCaptor.capture());
@@ -565,7 +574,7 @@
         doReturn(testContents).when(mResources).getString(
                 R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed, TEST_OPERATOR_NAME);
 
-        runTelephonySignInNotificationTest(testTitle, testContents);
+        runSignInNotificationTest(mCellNai, testTitle, testContents);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -579,6 +588,21 @@
         doReturn(testContents).when(mResources).getString(
                 R.string.mobile_network_available_no_internet_detailed_unknown_carrier);
 
-        runTelephonySignInNotificationTest(testTitle, testContents);
+        runSignInNotificationTest(mCellNai, testTitle, testContents);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testBluetoothSignInNotification_EmptyNotificationContents() {
+        final String testTitle = "Test title";
+        final String testContents = "Test contents";
+        doReturn(testTitle).when(mResources).getString(
+                R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
+        doReturn(testContents).when(mResources).getString(
+                eq(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed), any());
+
+        runSignInNotificationTest(mBluetoothNai, testTitle, testContents);
+        // The details should be queried with an empty string argument. In practice the notification
+        // contents may just be an empty string, since the default translation just outputs the arg.
+        verify(mResources).getString(eq(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed), eq(""));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf990b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.connectivityservice
+
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_LOST
+import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback.DECLARED_METHODS_ALL
+import android.net.LinkAddress
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED
+import android.net.NetworkRequest
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.packBits
+import com.android.server.CSTest
+import com.android.server.ConnectivityService
+import com.android.server.defaultLp
+import com.android.server.defaultNc
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.any
+import org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer
+import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class CSDeclaredMethodsForCallbacksTest : CSTest() {
+    private val mockedCallbackFlags = AtomicInteger(DECLARED_METHODS_ALL)
+    private lateinit var wrappedService: ConnectivityService
+
+    private val instrumentedCm by lazy { ConnectivityManager(context, wrappedService) }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUpWrappedService() {
+        // Mock the callback flags set by ConnectivityManager when calling ConnectivityService, to
+        // simulate methods not being overridden
+        wrappedService = spy(service)
+        doAnswer { inv ->
+            service.requestNetwork(
+                inv.getArgument(0),
+                inv.getArgument(1),
+                inv.getArgument(2),
+                inv.getArgument(3),
+                inv.getArgument(4),
+                inv.getArgument(5),
+                inv.getArgument(6),
+                inv.getArgument(7),
+                inv.getArgument(8),
+                inv.getArgument(9),
+                mockedCallbackFlags.get())
+        }.`when`(wrappedService).requestNetwork(
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt(),
+            anyInt(),
+            any(),
+            any(),
+            anyInt()
+        )
+        doAnswer { inv ->
+            service.listenForNetwork(
+                inv.getArgument(0),
+                inv.getArgument(1),
+                inv.getArgument(2),
+                inv.getArgument(3),
+                inv.getArgument(4),
+                inv.getArgument(5),
+                mockedCallbackFlags.get()
+            )
+        }.`when`(wrappedService)
+            .listenForNetwork(any(), any(), any(), anyInt(), any(), any(), anyInt())
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCallbacksAreFiltered() {
+        val requestCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val listenCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        mockedCallbackFlags.withFlags(CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED, CALLBACK_LOST) {
+            instrumentedCm.requestNetwork(NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), requestCb)
+        }
+        mockedCallbackFlags.withFlags(CALLBACK_CAP_CHANGED) {
+            instrumentedCm.registerNetworkCallback(NetworkRequest.Builder().build(), listenCb)
+        }
+
+        with(Agent()) {
+            connect()
+            sendLinkProperties(defaultLp().apply {
+                addLinkAddress(LinkAddress("fe80:db8::123/64"))
+            })
+            sendNetworkCapabilities(defaultNc().apply {
+                addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
+            })
+            disconnect()
+        }
+        waitForIdle()
+
+        // Only callbacks for the corresponding flags are called
+        requestCb.expect<CallbackEntry.LinkPropertiesChanged>()
+        requestCb.expect<CallbackEntry.Lost>()
+        requestCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0L)
+
+        listenCb.expect<CallbackEntry.CapabilitiesChanged>()
+        listenCb.assertNoCallback(timeoutMs = 0L)
+    }
+}
+
+private fun AtomicInteger.withFlags(vararg flags: Int, action: () -> Unit) {
+    tryTest {
+        set(packBits(flags).toInt())
+        action()
+    } cleanup {
+        set(DECLARED_METHODS_ALL)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt
index 45de4a7..88c2738 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivityservice/CSSatelliteNetworkTest.kt
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 import android.net.NativeNetworkType
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED
@@ -41,10 +42,13 @@
 import android.util.ArraySet
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils
 import com.android.server.ConnectivityService.PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback
 import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
 import org.junit.Assert
+import org.junit.Rule
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
@@ -62,6 +66,9 @@
 @RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
 @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
 class CSSatelliteNetworkTest : CSTest() {
+    @get:Rule
+    val ignoreRule = DevSdkIgnoreRule()
+
     /**
      * Test createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids returns correct
      * NetworkRequestInfo.
@@ -80,54 +87,81 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Test that SATELLITE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UIDS changes will send correct net id and uid ranges
-     * to netd.
+     * Test that satellite network satisfies satellite fallback per-app default network request and
+     * send correct net id and uid ranges to netd.
      */
-    @Test
-    fun testSatelliteNetworkPreferredUidsChanged() {
+    private fun doTestSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(restricted: Boolean) {
         val netdInOrder = inOrder(netd)
 
-        val satelliteAgent = createSatelliteAgent("satellite0")
+        val satelliteAgent = createSatelliteAgent("satellite0", restricted)
         satelliteAgent.connect()
 
         val satelliteNetId = satelliteAgent.network.netId
+        val permission = if (restricted) {INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM} else {INetd.PERMISSION_NONE}
         netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkCreate(
-            nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(satelliteNetId, INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM))
+            nativeNetworkConfigPhysical(satelliteNetId, permission))
 
         val uid1 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
         val uid2 = PRIMARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID2)
         val uid3 = SECONDARY_USER_HANDLE.getUid(TEST_PACKAGE_UID)
 
-        // Initial satellite network preferred uids status.
-        setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(setOf())
+        // Initial satellite network fallback uids status.
+        updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(setOf())
         netdInOrder.verify(netd, never()).networkAddUidRangesParcel(any())
         netdInOrder.verify(netd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any())
 
-        // Set SATELLITE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UIDS setting and verify that net id and uid ranges
-        // send to netd
+        // Update satellite network fallback uids and verify that net id and uid ranges send to netd
         var uids = mutableSetOf(uid1, uid2, uid3)
         val uidRanges1 = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids))
         val config1 = NativeUidRangeConfig(
             satelliteNetId, uidRanges1,
             PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
         )
-        setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids)
+        updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(uids)
         netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config1)
         netdInOrder.verify(netd, never()).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(any())
 
-        // Set SATELLITE_NETWORK_PREFERENCE_UIDS setting again and verify that old rules are removed
-        // and new rules are added.
+        // Update satellite network fallback uids and verify that net id and uid ranges send to netd
         uids = mutableSetOf(uid1)
         val uidRanges2: Array<UidRangeParcel?> = toUidRangeStableParcels(uidRangesForUids(uids))
         val config2 = NativeUidRangeConfig(
             satelliteNetId, uidRanges2,
             PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK
         )
-        setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids)
+        updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(uids)
         netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkRemoveUidRangesParcel(config1)
         netdInOrder.verify(netd).networkAddUidRangesParcel(config2)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids_restricted() {
+        doTestSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(restricted = true)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun testSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids_nonRestricted() {
+        doTestSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(restricted = false)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestSatelliteNeverBecomeDefaultNetwork(restricted: Boolean) {
+        val agent = createSatelliteAgent("satellite0", restricted)
+        agent.connect()
+        val defaultCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        cm.registerDefaultNetworkCallback(defaultCb)
+        // Satellite network must not become the default network
+        defaultCb.assertNoCallback()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSatelliteNeverBecomeDefaultNetwork_restricted() {
+        doTestSatelliteNeverBecomeDefaultNetwork(restricted = true)
+    }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.UPSIDE_DOWN_CAKE)
+    fun testSatelliteNeverBecomeDefaultNetwork_notRestricted() {
+        doTestSatelliteNeverBecomeDefaultNetwork(restricted = false)
+    }
+
     private fun assertCreateMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids: Set<Int>) {
         val nris: Set<ConnectivityService.NetworkRequestInfo> =
             service.createMultiLayerNrisFromSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(uids)
@@ -140,7 +174,7 @@
         assertEquals(PREFERENCE_ORDER_SATELLITE_FALLBACK, nri.mPreferenceOrder)
     }
 
-    private fun setAndUpdateSatelliteNetworkPreferredUids(uids: Set<Int>) {
+    private fun updateSatelliteNetworkFallbackUids(uids: Set<Int>) {
         visibleOnHandlerThread(csHandler) {
             deps.satelliteNetworkFallbackUidUpdate!!.accept(uids)
         }
@@ -150,9 +184,9 @@
         NativeNetworkConfig(netId, NativeNetworkType.PHYSICAL, permission,
             false /* secure */, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE, false /* excludeLocalRoutes */)
 
-    private fun createSatelliteAgent(name: String): CSAgentWrapper {
+    private fun createSatelliteAgent(name: String, restricted: Boolean = true): CSAgentWrapper {
         return Agent(score = keepScore(), lp = lp(name),
-            nc = satelliteNc()
+            nc = satelliteNc(restricted)
         )
     }
 
@@ -176,7 +210,7 @@
         return uidRangesForUids(*CollectionUtils.toIntArray(uids))
     }
 
-    private fun satelliteNc() =
+    private fun satelliteNc(restricted: Boolean) =
             NetworkCapabilities.Builder().apply {
                 addTransportType(TRANSPORT_SATELLITE)
 
@@ -184,7 +218,10 @@
                 addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
                 addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
                 addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VCN_MANAGED)
-                removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                if (restricted) {
+                    removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
+                }
+                removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_BANDWIDTH_CONSTRAINED)
             }.build()
 
     private fun lp(iface: String) = LinkProperties().apply {
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8b2f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/ethernet/EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+// ktlint does not allow annotating function argument literals inline. Disable the specific rule
+// since this negatively affects readability.
+@file:Suppress("ktlint:standard:comment-wrapping")
+
+package com.android.server.ethernet
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities
+import android.net.NetworkProvider
+import android.net.NetworkProvider.NetworkOfferCallback
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.test.TestLooper
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any
+import org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq
+import org.mockito.Mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
+
+private const val IFACE = "eth0"
+private val CAPS = NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build()
+
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class EthernetInterfaceStateMachineTest {
+    private lateinit var looper: TestLooper
+    private lateinit var handler: Handler
+    private lateinit var ifaceState: EthernetInterfaceStateMachine
+
+    @Mock private lateinit var context: Context
+    @Mock private lateinit var provider: NetworkProvider
+    @Mock private lateinit var deps: EthernetNetworkFactory.Dependencies
+
+    // There seems to be no (obvious) way to force execution of @Before and @Test annotation on the
+    // same thread. Since SyncStateMachine requires all interactions to be called from the same
+    // thread that is provided at construction time (in this case, the thread that TestLooper() is
+    // called on), setUp() must be called directly from the @Test method.
+    // TODO: find a way to fix this in the test runner.
+    fun setUp() {
+        looper = TestLooper()
+        handler = Handler(looper.looper)
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)
+
+        ifaceState = EthernetInterfaceStateMachine(IFACE, handler, context, CAPS, provider, deps)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpdateLinkState_networkOfferRegisteredAndRetracted() {
+        setUp()
+
+        ifaceState.updateLinkState(/* up= */ true)
+
+        // link comes up: validate the NetworkOffer is registered and capture callback object.
+        val inOrder = inOrder(provider)
+        val networkOfferCb = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkOfferCallback::class.java).also {
+            inOrder.verify(provider).registerNetworkOffer(any(), any(), any(), it.capture())
+        }.value
+
+        ifaceState.updateLinkState(/* up */ false)
+
+        // link goes down: validate the NetworkOffer is retracted
+        inOrder.verify(provider).unregisterNetworkOffer(eq(networkOfferCb))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index c997b01..7e0a225 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.WEEK_IN_MILLIS;
 
+import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.doThrow;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.POLL_REASON_RAT_CHANGED;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsEventLogger.PollEvent.pollReasonNameOf;
 import static com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL;
@@ -102,6 +103,7 @@
 import android.app.AlarmManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.database.ContentObserver;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
@@ -132,6 +134,7 @@
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
@@ -256,6 +259,7 @@
     private static @Mock WifiInfo sWifiInfo;
     private @Mock INetd mNetd;
     private @Mock TetheringManager mTetheringManager;
+    private @Mock PackageManager mPm;
     private @Mock NetworkStatsFactory mStatsFactory;
     @NonNull
     private final TestNetworkStatsSettings mSettings =
@@ -327,6 +331,16 @@
         }
 
         @Override
+        public PackageManager getPackageManager() {
+            return mPm;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Context createContextAsUser(UserHandle user, int flags) {
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        @Override
         public Object getSystemService(String name) {
             if (Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTelephonyManager;
             if (Context.TETHERING_SERVICE.equals(name)) return mTetheringManager;
@@ -447,6 +461,9 @@
                 any(), tetheringEventCbCaptor.capture());
         mTetheringEventCallback = tetheringEventCbCaptor.getValue();
 
+        doReturn(Process.myUid()).when(mPm)
+                .getPackageUid(eq(mServiceContext.getPackageName()), anyInt());
+
         mUsageCallback = new TestableUsageCallback(mUsageCallbackBinder);
     }
 
@@ -1714,7 +1731,7 @@
 
         // Register and verify request and that binder was called
         DataUsageRequest request = mService.registerUsageCallback(
-                mServiceContext.getOpPackageName(), inputRequest, mUsageCallback);
+                mServiceContext.getPackageName(), inputRequest, mUsageCallback);
         assertTrue(request.requestId > 0);
         assertTrue(Objects.equals(sTemplateWifi, request.template));
         long minThresholdInBytes = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2 MB
@@ -3005,6 +3022,38 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testEnforcePackageNameMatchesUid() throws Exception {
+        final String testMyPackageName = "test.package.myname";
+        final String testRedPackageName = "test.package.red";
+        final String testInvalidPackageName = "test.package.notfound";
+
+        doReturn(UID_RED).when(mPm).getPackageUid(eq(testRedPackageName), anyInt());
+        doReturn(Process.myUid()).when(mPm).getPackageUid(eq(testMyPackageName), anyInt());
+        doThrow(new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException()).when(mPm)
+                .getPackageUid(eq(testInvalidPackageName), anyInt());
+
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mService.openSessionForUsageStats(0 /* flags */, testRedPackageName));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mService.openSessionForUsageStats(0 /* flags */, testInvalidPackageName));
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () ->
+                mService.openSessionForUsageStats(0 /* flags */, null));
+        // Verify package name belongs to ourselves does not throw.
+        mService.openSessionForUsageStats(0 /* flags */, testMyPackageName);
+
+        long thresholdInBytes = 10 * 1024 * 1024;  // 10 MB
+        DataUsageRequest request = new DataUsageRequest(
+                2 /* requestId */, sTemplateImsi1, thresholdInBytes);
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mService.registerUsageCallback(testRedPackageName, request, mUsageCallback));
+        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
+                mService.registerUsageCallback(testInvalidPackageName, request, mUsageCallback));
+        assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () ->
+                mService.registerUsageCallback(null, request, mUsageCallback));
+        mService.registerUsageCallback(testMyPackageName, request, mUsageCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testDumpSkDestroyListenerLogs() throws ErrnoException {
         doAnswer((invocation) -> {
             final IndentingPrintWriter ipw = (IndentingPrintWriter) invocation.getArgument(0);
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IConfigurationReceiver.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IConfigurationReceiver.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc4545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IConfigurationReceiver.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
+
+/** Receives the result of a Thread Configuration change. @hide */
+oneway interface IConfigurationReceiver {
+    void onConfigurationChanged(in ThreadConfiguration configuration);
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
index c5ca557..f50de74 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/IThreadNetworkController.aidl
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.ChannelMaxPower;
 import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
-import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
+import android.net.thread.IConfigurationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IScheduleMigrationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IStateCallback;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 
 /**
 * Interface for communicating with ThreadNetworkControllerService.
@@ -46,4 +48,7 @@
     void createRandomizedDataset(String networkName, IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver receiver);
 
     void setEnabled(boolean enabled, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void setConfiguration(in ThreadConfiguration config, in IOperationReceiver receiver);
+    void registerConfigurationCallback(in IConfigurationReceiver receiver);
+    void unregisterConfigurationCallback(in IConfigurationReceiver receiver);
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java
index 520acbd..cecb4e9 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestamp.java
@@ -65,11 +65,32 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     public static OperationalDatasetTimestamp fromInstant(@NonNull Instant instant) {
+        return OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(instant, true /* isAuthoritativeSource */);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new {@link OperationalDatasetTimestamp} object from an {@link Instant}.
+     *
+     * <p>The {@code seconds} is set to {@code instant.getEpochSecond()}, {@code ticks} is set to
+     * {@link instant#getNano()} based on frequency of 32768 Hz, and {@code isAuthoritativeSource}
+     * is set to {@code isAuthoritativeSource}.
+     *
+     * <p>Note that this conversion can lose precision and a value returned by {@link #toInstant}
+     * may not equal exactly the {@code instant}.
+     *
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code instant.getEpochSecond()} is larger than {@code
+     *     0xffffffffffffL}
+     * @see toInstant
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public static OperationalDatasetTimestamp fromInstant(
+            @NonNull Instant instant, boolean isAuthoritativeSource) {
         int ticks = getRoundedTicks(instant.getNano());
         long seconds = instant.getEpochSecond() + ticks / TICKS_UPPER_BOUND;
         // the rounded ticks can be 0x8000 if instant.getNano() >= 999984742
         ticks = ticks % TICKS_UPPER_BOUND;
-        return new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(seconds, ticks, true /* isAuthoritativeSource */);
+        return new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(seconds, ticks, isAuthoritativeSource);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.aidl b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9473411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.thread;
+
+parcelable ThreadConfiguration;
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e09b3a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadConfiguration.java
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package android.net.thread;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Parcel;
+import android.os.Parcelable;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * Data interface for Thread device configuration.
+ *
+ * <p>An example usage of creating a {@link ThreadConfiguration} that turns on NAT64 feature based
+ * on an existing {@link ThreadConfiguration}:
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * ThreadConfiguration config =
+ *     new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(existingConfig).setNat64Enabled(true).build();
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#setConfiguration
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#registerConfigurationCallback
+ * @see ThreadNetworkController#unregisterConfigurationCallback
+ * @hide
+ */
+// @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+// @SystemApi
+public final class ThreadConfiguration implements Parcelable {
+    private final boolean mNat64Enabled;
+    private final boolean mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+
+    private ThreadConfiguration(Builder builder) {
+        this(builder.mNat64Enabled, builder.mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+    }
+
+    private ThreadConfiguration(boolean nat64Enabled, boolean dhcp6PdEnabled) {
+        this.mNat64Enabled = nat64Enabled;
+        this.mDhcp6PdEnabled = dhcp6PdEnabled;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if NAT64 is enabled. */
+    public boolean isNat64Enabled() {
+        return mNat64Enabled;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns {@code true} if DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation is enabled. */
+    public boolean isDhcp6PdEnabled() {
+        return mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object other) {
+        if (this == other) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (!(other instanceof ThreadConfiguration)) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            ThreadConfiguration otherConfig = (ThreadConfiguration) other;
+            return mNat64Enabled == otherConfig.mNat64Enabled
+                    && mDhcp6PdEnabled == otherConfig.mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+        return Objects.hash(mNat64Enabled, mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append('{');
+        sb.append("Nat64Enabled=").append(mNat64Enabled);
+        sb.append(", Dhcp6PdEnabled=").append(mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+        sb.append('}');
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int describeContents() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
+        dest.writeBoolean(mNat64Enabled);
+        dest.writeBoolean(mDhcp6PdEnabled);
+    }
+
+    public static final @NonNull Creator<ThreadConfiguration> CREATOR =
+            new Creator<>() {
+                @Override
+                public ThreadConfiguration createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
+                    ThreadConfiguration.Builder builder = new ThreadConfiguration.Builder();
+                    builder.setNat64Enabled(in.readBoolean());
+                    builder.setDhcp6PdEnabled(in.readBoolean());
+                    return builder.build();
+                }
+
+                @Override
+                public ThreadConfiguration[] newArray(int size) {
+                    return new ThreadConfiguration[size];
+                }
+            };
+
+    /** The builder for creating {@link ThreadConfiguration} objects. */
+    public static final class Builder {
+        private boolean mNat64Enabled = false;
+        private boolean mDhcp6PdEnabled = false;
+
+        /** Creates a new {@link Builder} object with all features disabled. */
+        public Builder() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a new {@link Builder} object from a {@link ThreadConfiguration} object.
+         *
+         * @param config the Border Router configurations to be copied
+         */
+        public Builder(@NonNull ThreadConfiguration config) {
+            Objects.requireNonNull(config);
+
+            mNat64Enabled = config.mNat64Enabled;
+            mDhcp6PdEnabled = config.mDhcp6PdEnabled;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables NAT64 for the device.
+         *
+         * <p>Enabling this feature will allow Thread devices to connect to the internet/cloud over
+         * IPv4.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setNat64Enabled(boolean enabled) {
+            this.mNat64Enabled = enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Enables or disables Prefix Delegation for the device.
+         *
+         * <p>Enabling this feature will allow Thread devices to connect to the internet/cloud over
+         * IPv6.
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setDhcp6PdEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+            this.mDhcp6PdEnabled = enabled;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /** Creates a new {@link ThreadConfiguration} object. */
+        @NonNull
+        public ThreadConfiguration build() {
+            return new ThreadConfiguration(this);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
index 8d6b40a..30b3d6a 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkController.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 /**
  * Provides the primary APIs for controlling all aspects of a Thread network.
@@ -124,6 +125,12 @@
     private final Map<OperationalDatasetCallback, OperationalDatasetCallbackProxy>
             mOpDatasetCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();
 
+    private final Object mConfigurationCallbackMapLock = new Object();
+
+    @GuardedBy("mConfigurationCallbackMapLock")
+    private final Map<Consumer<ThreadConfiguration>, ConfigurationCallbackProxy>
+            mConfigurationCallbackMap = new HashMap<>();
+
     /** @hide */
     public ThreadNetworkController(@NonNull IThreadNetworkController controllerService) {
         requireNonNull(controllerService, "controllerService cannot be null");
@@ -579,6 +586,97 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Configures the Thread features for this device.
+     *
+     * <p>This method sets the {@link ThreadConfiguration} for this device. On success, the {@link
+     * OutcomeReceiver#onResult} will be called, and the {@code configuration} will be applied and
+     * persisted to the device; the configuration changes can be observed by {@link
+     * #registerConfigurationCallback}. On failure, {@link OutcomeReceiver#onError} of {@code
+     * receiver} will be invoked with a specific error.
+     *
+     * @param configuration the configuration to set
+     * @param executor the executor to execute {@code receiver}
+     * @param receiver the receiver to receive result of this operation
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void setConfiguration(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull OutcomeReceiver<Void, ThreadNetworkException> receiver) {
+        requireNonNull(configuration, "Configuration cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(receiver, "receiver cannot be null");
+        try {
+            mControllerService.setConfiguration(
+                    configuration, new OperationReceiverProxy(executor, receiver));
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a callback to be called when the configuration is changed.
+     *
+     * <p>Upon return of this method, {@code callback} will be invoked immediately with the new
+     * {@link ThreadConfiguration}.
+     *
+     * @param executor the executor to execute the {@code callback}
+     * @param callback the callback to receive Thread configuration changes
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} has already been registered
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void registerConfigurationCallback(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> callback) {
+        requireNonNull(executor, "executor cannot be null");
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mConfigurationCallbackMapLock) {
+            if (mConfigurationCallbackMap.containsKey(callback)) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback has already been registered");
+            }
+            ConfigurationCallbackProxy callbackProxy =
+                    new ConfigurationCallbackProxy(executor, callback);
+            mConfigurationCallbackMap.put(callback, callbackProxy);
+            try {
+                mControllerService.registerConfigurationCallback(callbackProxy);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                mConfigurationCallbackMap.remove(callback);
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unregisters the configuration callback.
+     *
+     * @param callback the callback which has been registered with {@link
+     *     #registerConfigurationCallback}
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code callback} hasn't been registered
+     * @hide
+     */
+    // @FlaggedApi(ThreadNetworkFlags.FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED)
+    // @RequiresPermission(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED)
+    public void unregisterConfigurationCallback(@NonNull Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> callback) {
+        requireNonNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (mConfigurationCallbackMapLock) {
+            ConfigurationCallbackProxy callbackProxy = mConfigurationCallbackMap.get(callback);
+            if (callbackProxy == null) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("callback hasn't been registered");
+            }
+            try {
+                mControllerService.unregisterConfigurationCallback(callbackProxy);
+                mConfigurationCallbackMap.remove(callbackProxy.mConfigurationConsumer);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Sets to use a specified test network as the upstream.
      *
      * @param testNetworkInterfaceName The name of the test network interface. When it's null,
@@ -764,4 +862,26 @@
             propagateError(mExecutor, mResultReceiver, errorCode, errorMessage);
         }
     }
+
+    private static final class ConfigurationCallbackProxy extends IConfigurationReceiver.Stub {
+        final Executor mExecutor;
+        final Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> mConfigurationConsumer;
+
+        ConfigurationCallbackProxy(
+                @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+                Consumer<ThreadConfiguration> ConfigurationConsumer) {
+            this.mExecutor = executor;
+            this.mConfigurationConsumer = ConfigurationConsumer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onConfigurationChanged(ThreadConfiguration configuration) {
+            final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+            try {
+                mExecutor.execute(() -> mConfigurationConsumer.accept(configuration));
+            } finally {
+                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java
index e6ab988..691bbf5 100644
--- a/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java
+++ b/thread/framework/java/android/net/thread/ThreadNetworkFlags.java
@@ -27,5 +27,9 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final String FLAG_THREAD_ENABLED = "com.android.net.thread.flags.thread_enabled";
 
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final String FLAG_CONFIGURATION_ENABLED =
+            "com.android.net.thread.flags.configuration_enabled";
+
     private ThreadNetworkFlags() {}
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
index be54cbc..e72c9ee 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/InfraInterfaceController.java
@@ -16,14 +16,30 @@
 
 package com.android.server.thread;
 
-import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_IPV6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_RAW;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_CHECKSUM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_RECVPKTINFO;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS;
 
+import android.net.util.SocketUtils;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
 /** Controller for the infrastructure network interface. */
 public class InfraInterfaceController {
     private static final String TAG = "InfraIfController";
 
+    private static final int ENABLE = 1;
+    private static final int IPV6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET = 2;
+    private static final int HOP_LIMIT = 255;
+
     static {
         System.loadLibrary("service-thread-jni");
     }
@@ -37,8 +53,21 @@
      * @throws IOException when fails to create the socket.
      */
     public ParcelFileDescriptor createIcmp6Socket(String infraInterfaceName) throws IOException {
-        return ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeCreateIcmp6Socket(infraInterfaceName));
+        ParcelFileDescriptor parcelFd =
+                ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(nativeCreateFilteredIcmp6Socket());
+        FileDescriptor fd = parcelFd.getFileDescriptor();
+        try {
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, IPV6_CHECKSUM_OFFSET);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, ENABLE);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, ENABLE);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, HOP_LIMIT);
+            Os.setsockoptInt(fd, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, HOP_LIMIT);
+            SocketUtils.bindSocketToInterface(fd, infraInterfaceName);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            throw new IOException("Failed to setsockopt for the ICMPv6 socket", e);
+        }
+        return parcelFd;
     }
 
-    private static native int nativeCreateIcmp6Socket(String interfaceName) throws IOException;
+    private static native int nativeCreateFilteredIcmp6Socket() throws IOException;
 }
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java
index d0cb9b8..1447ff8 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisher.java
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -615,9 +614,8 @@
             }
             List<DnsTxtAttribute> txtList = new ArrayList<>();
             for (Map.Entry<String, byte[]> entry : serviceInfo.getAttributes().entrySet()) {
-                DnsTxtAttribute attribute = new DnsTxtAttribute();
-                attribute.name = entry.getKey();
-                attribute.value = Arrays.copyOf(entry.getValue(), entry.getValue().length);
+                DnsTxtAttribute attribute =
+                        new DnsTxtAttribute(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().clone());
                 txtList.add(attribute);
             }
             // TODO: b/329018320 - Use the serviceInfo.getExpirationTime to derive TTL.
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index 737ec41..2f60d9a 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@
 import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.OT_STATE_ENABLED;
 import static com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon.TUN_IF_NAME;
 
+import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
+
 import android.Manifest.permission;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -89,12 +91,14 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset.SecurityPolicy;
 import android.net.thread.ChannelMaxPower;
 import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.IConfigurationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationalDatasetCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IStateCallback;
 import android.net.thread.IThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.OperationalDatasetTimestamp;
 import android.net.thread.PendingOperationalDataset;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkController.DeviceRole;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
@@ -117,6 +121,7 @@
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.BackboneRouterState;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.BorderRouterConfigurationParcel;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IChannelMasksReceiver;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemon;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.IOtDaemonCallback;
@@ -130,7 +135,6 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet6Address;
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.security.SecureRandom;
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
@@ -187,6 +191,8 @@
     private final OtDaemonCallbackProxy mOtDaemonCallbackProxy = new OtDaemonCallbackProxy();
     private final ConnectivityResources mResources;
     private final Supplier<String> mCountryCodeSupplier;
+    private final Map<IConfigurationReceiver, IBinder.DeathRecipient> mConfigurationReceivers =
+            new HashMap<>();
 
     // This should not be directly used for calling IOtDaemon APIs because ot-daemon may die and
     // {@code mOtDaemon} will be set to {@code null}. Instead, use {@code getOtDaemon()}
@@ -338,9 +344,11 @@
         final String modelName = resources.getString(R.string.config_thread_model_name);
         final String vendorName = resources.getString(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name);
         final String vendorOui = resources.getString(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui);
+        final boolean managedByGoogle =
+                resources.getBoolean(R.bool.config_thread_managed_by_google_home);
 
         if (!modelName.isEmpty()) {
-            if (modelName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length > MAX_MODEL_NAME_UTF8_BYTES) {
+            if (modelName.getBytes(UTF_8).length > MAX_MODEL_NAME_UTF8_BYTES) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(
                         "Model name is longer than "
                                 + MAX_MODEL_NAME_UTF8_BYTES
@@ -350,7 +358,7 @@
         }
 
         if (!vendorName.isEmpty()) {
-            if (vendorName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8).length > MAX_VENDOR_NAME_UTF8_BYTES) {
+            if (vendorName.getBytes(UTF_8).length > MAX_VENDOR_NAME_UTF8_BYTES) {
                 throw new IllegalStateException(
                         "Vendor name is longer than "
                                 + MAX_VENDOR_NAME_UTF8_BYTES
@@ -367,9 +375,21 @@
         meshcopTxts.modelName = modelName;
         meshcopTxts.vendorName = vendorName;
         meshcopTxts.vendorOui = HexEncoding.decode(vendorOui.replace("-", "").replace(":", ""));
+        meshcopTxts.nonStandardTxtEntries = List.of(makeManagedByGoogleTxtAttr(managedByGoogle));
+
         return meshcopTxts;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Creates a DNS-SD TXT entry for indicating whether Thread on this device is managed by Google.
+     *
+     * @return TXT entry "vgh=1" if {@code managedByGoogle} is {@code true}; otherwise, "vgh=0"
+     */
+    private static DnsTxtAttribute makeManagedByGoogleTxtAttr(boolean managedByGoogle) {
+        final byte[] value = (managedByGoogle ? "1" : "0").getBytes(UTF_8);
+        return new DnsTxtAttribute("vgh", value);
+    }
+
     private void onOtDaemonDied() {
         checkOnHandlerThread();
         Log.w(TAG, "OT daemon is dead, clean up...");
@@ -502,17 +522,86 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void setConfiguration(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration, @NonNull IOperationReceiver receiver) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(PERMISSION_THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> setConfigurationInternal(configuration, receiver));
+    }
+
+    private void setConfigurationInternal(
+            @NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration,
+            @NonNull IOperationReceiver operationReceiver) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+
+        Log.i(TAG, "Set Thread configuration: " + configuration);
+
+        final boolean changed = mPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+        try {
+            operationReceiver.onSuccess();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // do nothing if the client is dead
+        }
+        if (changed) {
+            for (IConfigurationReceiver configReceiver : mConfigurationReceivers.keySet()) {
+                try {
+                    configReceiver.onConfigurationChanged(configuration);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    // do nothing if the client is dead
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void registerConfigurationCallback(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> registerConfigurationCallbackInternal(callback));
+    }
+
+    private void registerConfigurationCallbackInternal(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (mConfigurationReceivers.containsKey(callback)) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Registering the same IConfigurationReceiver twice");
+        }
+        IBinder.DeathRecipient deathRecipient =
+                () -> mHandler.post(() -> unregisterConfigurationCallbackInternal(callback));
+        try {
+            callback.asBinder().linkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mConfigurationReceivers.put(callback, deathRecipient);
+        try {
+            callback.onConfigurationChanged(mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            // do nothing if the client is dead
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void unregisterConfigurationCallback(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        enforceAllPermissionsGranted(permission.THREAD_NETWORK_PRIVILEGED);
+        mHandler.post(() -> unregisterConfigurationCallbackInternal(callback));
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterConfigurationCallbackInternal(@NonNull IConfigurationReceiver callback) {
+        checkOnHandlerThread();
+        if (!mConfigurationReceivers.containsKey(callback)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        callback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mConfigurationReceivers.remove(callback), 0);
+    }
+
     private void registerUserRestrictionsReceiver() {
         mContext.registerReceiver(
                 new BroadcastReceiver() {
                     @Override
                     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-                        onUserRestrictionsChanged(isThreadUserRestricted());
+                        mHandler.post(() -> onUserRestrictionsChanged(isThreadUserRestricted()));
                     }
                 },
-                new IntentFilter(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED),
-                null /* broadcastPermission */,
-                mHandler);
+                new IntentFilter(UserManager.ACTION_USER_RESTRICTIONS_CHANGED));
     }
 
     private void onUserRestrictionsChanged(boolean newUserRestrictedState) {
@@ -564,12 +653,10 @@
                 new BroadcastReceiver() {
                     @Override
                     public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
-                        onAirplaneModeChanged(isAirplaneModeOn());
+                        mHandler.post(() -> onAirplaneModeChanged(isAirplaneModeOn()));
                     }
                 },
-                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED),
-                null /* broadcastPermission */,
-                mHandler);
+                new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED));
     }
 
     private void onAirplaneModeChanged(boolean newAirplaneModeOn) {
@@ -868,9 +955,7 @@
         final byte[] securityFlags = new byte[] {(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xf8};
 
         return new ActiveOperationalDataset.Builder()
-                .setActiveTimestamp(
-                        new OperationalDatasetTimestamp(
-                                now.getEpochSecond() & 0xffffffffffffL, 0, authoritative))
+                .setActiveTimestamp(OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(now, authoritative))
                 .setExtendedPanId(newRandomBytes(random, LENGTH_EXTENDED_PAN_ID))
                 .setPanId(panId)
                 .setNetworkName(networkName)
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
index f18aac9..747cc96 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettings.java
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils.TETHERING_MODULE_NAME;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.content.ApexEnvironment;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -74,6 +76,16 @@
     /** Stores the Thread country code, null if no country code is stored. */
     public static final Key<String> THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE = new Key<>("thread_country_code", null);
 
+    /** Stores the Thread NAT64 feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled. */
+    private static final Key<Boolean> CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED =
+            new Key<>("config_nat64_enabled", false);
+
+    /**
+     * Stores the Thread DHCPv6-PD feature toggle state, true for enabled and false for disabled.
+     */
+    private static final Key<Boolean> CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED =
+            new Key<>("config_dhcp6_pd_enabled", false);
+
     /******** Thread persistent setting keys ***************/
 
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
@@ -175,6 +187,30 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Store a {@link ThreadConfiguration} to the persistent settings.
+     *
+     * @param configuration {@link ThreadConfiguration} to be stored.
+     * @return {@code true} if the configuration was changed, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    public boolean putConfiguration(@NonNull ThreadConfiguration configuration) {
+        if (getConfiguration().equals(configuration)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        putObject(CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED.key, configuration.isNat64Enabled());
+        putObject(CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED.key, configuration.isDhcp6PdEnabled());
+        writeToStoreFile();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /** Retrieve the {@link ThreadConfiguration} from the persistent settings. */
+    public ThreadConfiguration getConfiguration() {
+        return new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                .setNat64Enabled(get(CONFIG_NAT64_ENABLED))
+                .setDhcp6PdEnabled(get(CONFIG_DHCP6_PD_ENABLED))
+                .build();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Base class to store string key and its default value.
      *
      * @param <T> Type of the value.
diff --git a/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
index 5d24eab..1f260f2 100644
--- a/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
+++ b/thread/service/jni/com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController.cpp
@@ -42,15 +42,8 @@
 
 namespace android {
 static jint
-com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createIcmp6Socket(JNIEnv *env, jobject clazz,
-                                                                     jstring interfaceName) {
-  ScopedUtfChars ifName(env, interfaceName);
-
-  struct icmp6_filter filter;
-  constexpr int kEnable = 1;
-  constexpr int kIpv6ChecksumOffset = 2;
-  constexpr int kHopLimit = 255;
-
+com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createFilteredIcmp6Socket(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                                             jobject clazz) {
   // Initializes the ICMPv6 socket.
   int sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6);
   if (sock == -1) {
@@ -59,6 +52,7 @@
     return -1;
   }
 
+  struct icmp6_filter filter;
   // Only accept Router Advertisements, Router Solicitations and Neighbor
   // Advertisements.
   ICMP6_FILTER_SETBLOCKALL(&filter);
@@ -73,53 +67,6 @@
     return -1;
   }
 
-  // We want a source address and interface index.
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &kEnable, sizeof(kEnable)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_RECVPKTINFO (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, &kIpv6ChecksumOffset,
-                 sizeof(kIpv6ChecksumOffset)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_CHECKSUM (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  // We need to be able to reject RAs arriving from off-link.
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT, &kEnable, sizeof(kEnable)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &kHopLimit, sizeof(kHopLimit)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS, &kHopLimit, sizeof(kHopLimit)) != 0) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException",
-                         "failed to create the setsockopt IPV6_MULTICAST_HOPS (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, ifName.c_str(), strlen(ifName.c_str()))) {
-    jniThrowExceptionFmt(env, "java/io/IOException", "failed to setsockopt SO_BINDTODEVICE (%s)",
-                         strerror(errno));
-    close(sock);
-    return -1;
-  }
-
   return sock;
 }
 
@@ -129,8 +76,8 @@
 
 static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
     /* name, signature, funcPtr */
-    {"nativeCreateIcmp6Socket", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I",
-     (void *)com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createIcmp6Socket},
+    {"nativeCreateFilteredIcmp6Socket", "()I",
+     (void *)com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController_createFilteredIcmp6Socket},
 };
 
 int register_com_android_server_thread_InfraInterfaceController(JNIEnv *env) {
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp b/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp
index 8cdf38d..c1cf0a0 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 android_test {
     name: "CtsThreadNetworkTestCases",
+    defaults: ["cts_defaults"],
     min_sdk_version: "33",
     sdk_version: "test_current",
     manifest: "AndroidManifest.xml",
diff --git a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
index 11c4819..41f34ff 100644
--- a/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/cts/src/android/net/thread/cts/ThreadNetworkControllerTest.java
@@ -859,6 +859,7 @@
         assertThat(txtMap.get("rv")).isNotNull();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("tv")).isNotNull();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")).isNotNull();
+        assertThat(new String(txtMap.get("vgh"))).isIn(List.of("0", "1"));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -885,6 +886,7 @@
         assertThat(txtMap.get("tv")).isNotNull();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("sb")).isNotNull();
         assertThat(txtMap.get("id").length).isEqualTo(16);
+        assertThat(new String(txtMap.get("vgh"))).isIn(List.of("0", "1"));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
index d24059a..c0a8eea 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/FullThreadDevice.java
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.SERVICE_DISCOVERY_TIMEOUT;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.waitFor;
+
 import static com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding.base16;
+
 import static java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.SECONDS;
 
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
@@ -26,7 +28,9 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.HandlerThread;
+
 import com.google.errorprone.annotations.FormatMethod;
+
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.IOException;
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
index 2244a89..11c78e3 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/android/net/thread/OperationalDatasetTimestampTest.java
@@ -41,6 +41,19 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void fromInstant_authoritativeIsSetAsSpecified() {
+        Instant instant = Instant.now();
+
+        OperationalDatasetTimestamp timestampAuthoritativeFalse =
+                OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(instant, false);
+        OperationalDatasetTimestamp timestampAuthoritativeTrue =
+                OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromInstant(instant, true);
+
+        assertThat(timestampAuthoritativeFalse.isAuthoritativeSource()).isEqualTo(false);
+        assertThat(timestampAuthoritativeTrue.isAuthoritativeSource()).isEqualTo(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void fromTlvValue_goodValue_success() {
         OperationalDatasetTimestamp timestamp =
                 OperationalDatasetTimestamp.fromTlvValue(base16().decode("FFEEDDCCBBAA9989"));
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
index 3cae84f..b32986d 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/NsdPublisherTest.java
@@ -22,14 +22,15 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsInAnyOrder;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.hamcrest.MockitoHamcrest.argThat;
 
 import android.net.DnsResolver;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.test.TestLooper;
 
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdDiscoverServiceCallback;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.INsdResolveHostCallback;
@@ -49,22 +53,27 @@
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentMatcher;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link NsdPublisher}. */
+@SmallTest
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 public final class NsdPublisherTest {
+    private static final DnsTxtAttribute TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1 =
+            new DnsTxtAttribute("key1", new byte[] {0x01, 0x02});
+    private static final DnsTxtAttribute TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2 =
+            new DnsTxtAttribute("key2", new byte[] {0x03});
+
     @Mock private NsdManager mMockNsdManager;
     @Mock private DnsResolver mMockDnsResolver;
 
@@ -87,19 +96,15 @@
     public void registerService_nsdManagerSucceeds_serviceRegistrationSucceeds() throws Exception {
         prepareTest();
 
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
-
         mNsdPublisher.registerService(
                 null,
                 "MyService",
                 "_test._tcp",
                 List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
                 12345,
-                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                List.of(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2),
                 mRegistrationReceiver,
                 16 /* listenerId */);
-
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
         ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
@@ -126,11 +131,10 @@
         assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getSubtypes()).isEqualTo(Set.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"));
         assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
         assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().size()).isEqualTo(2);
-        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key1"))
-                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
-        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key2"))
-                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
-
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1.name))
+                .isEqualTo(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1.value);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2.name))
+                .isEqualTo(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2.value);
         verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess();
     }
 
@@ -138,19 +142,15 @@
     public void registerService_nsdManagerFails_serviceRegistrationFails() throws Exception {
         prepareTest();
 
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
-
         mNsdPublisher.registerService(
                 null,
                 "MyService",
                 "_test._tcp",
                 List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
                 12345,
-                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                List.of(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2),
                 mRegistrationReceiver,
                 16 /* listenerId */);
-
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
         ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
@@ -177,21 +177,16 @@
         assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getSubtypes()).isEqualTo(Set.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"));
         assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getPort()).isEqualTo(12345);
         assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().size()).isEqualTo(2);
-        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key1"))
-                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
-        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get("key2"))
-                .isEqualTo(new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
-
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1.name))
+                .isEqualTo(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1.value);
+        assertThat(actualServiceInfo.getAttributes().get(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2.name))
+                .isEqualTo(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2.value);
         verify(mRegistrationReceiver, times(1)).onError(FAILURE_INTERNAL_ERROR);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void registerService_nsdManagerThrows_serviceRegistrationFails() throws Exception {
         prepareTest();
-
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
-
         doThrow(new IllegalArgumentException("NsdManager fails"))
                 .when(mMockNsdManager)
                 .registerService(any(), anyInt(), any(Executor.class), any());
@@ -202,7 +197,7 @@
                 "_test._tcp",
                 List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
                 12345,
-                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                List.of(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2),
                 mRegistrationReceiver,
                 16 /* listenerId */);
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -215,16 +210,13 @@
             throws Exception {
         prepareTest();
 
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
-
         mNsdPublisher.registerService(
                 null,
                 "MyService",
                 "_test._tcp",
                 List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
                 12345,
-                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                List.of(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2),
                 mRegistrationReceiver,
                 16 /* listenerId */);
 
@@ -260,16 +252,13 @@
     public void unregisterService_nsdManagerFails_serviceUnregistrationFails() throws Exception {
         prepareTest();
 
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
-
         mNsdPublisher.registerService(
                 null,
                 "MyService",
                 "_test._tcp",
                 List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
                 12345,
-                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                List.of(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2),
                 mRegistrationReceiver,
                 16 /* listenerId */);
 
@@ -587,8 +576,8 @@
                 List.of(
                         InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::1"),
                         InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("2001::2")));
-        serviceInfo.setAttribute("key1", new byte[] {(byte) 0x01, (byte) 0x02});
-        serviceInfo.setAttribute("key2", new byte[] {(byte) 0x03});
+        serviceInfo.setAttribute(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1.name, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1.value);
+        serviceInfo.setAttribute(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2.name, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2.value);
         serviceInfoCallbackArgumentCaptor.getValue().onServiceUpdated(serviceInfo);
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
 
@@ -599,11 +588,8 @@
                         eq("_test._tcp"),
                         eq(12345),
                         eq(List.of("2001::1", "2001::2")),
-                        argThat(
-                                new TxtMatcher(
-                                        List.of(
-                                                makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02)),
-                                                makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03))))),
+                        (List<DnsTxtAttribute>)
+                                argThat(containsInAnyOrder(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2)),
                         anyInt());
     }
 
@@ -725,10 +711,6 @@
     @Test
     public void reset_unregisterAll() {
         prepareTest();
-
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt1 = makeTxtAttribute("key1", List.of(0x01, 0x02));
-        DnsTxtAttribute txt2 = makeTxtAttribute("key2", List.of(0x03));
-
         ArgumentCaptor<NsdServiceInfo> actualServiceInfoCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NsdServiceInfo.class);
         ArgumentCaptor<NsdManager.RegistrationListener> actualRegistrationListenerCaptor =
@@ -740,7 +722,7 @@
                 "_test._tcp",
                 List.of("_subtype1", "_subtype2"),
                 12345,
-                List.of(txt1, txt2),
+                List.of(TEST_TXT_ENTRY_1, TEST_TXT_ENTRY_2),
                 mRegistrationReceiver,
                 16 /* listenerId */);
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -814,19 +796,6 @@
         verify(spyNsdPublisher, times(1)).reset();
     }
 
-    private static DnsTxtAttribute makeTxtAttribute(String name, List<Integer> value) {
-        DnsTxtAttribute txtAttribute = new DnsTxtAttribute();
-
-        txtAttribute.name = name;
-        txtAttribute.value = new byte[value.size()];
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
-            txtAttribute.value[i] = value.get(i).byteValue();
-        }
-
-        return txtAttribute;
-    }
-
     private static List<InetAddress> makeAddresses(String... addressStrings) {
         List<InetAddress> addresses = new ArrayList<>();
 
@@ -836,30 +805,6 @@
         return addresses;
     }
 
-    private static class TxtMatcher implements ArgumentMatcher<List<DnsTxtAttribute>> {
-        private final List<DnsTxtAttribute> mAttributes;
-
-        TxtMatcher(List<DnsTxtAttribute> attributes) {
-            mAttributes = attributes;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean matches(List<DnsTxtAttribute> argument) {
-            if (argument.size() != mAttributes.size()) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            for (int i = 0; i < argument.size(); ++i) {
-                if (!Objects.equals(argument.get(i).name, mAttributes.get(i).name)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                if (!Arrays.equals(argument.get(i).value, mAttributes.get(i).value)) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
     // @Before and @Test run in different threads. NsdPublisher requires the jobs are run on the
     // thread looper, so TestLooper needs to be created inside each test case to install the
     // correct looper.
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
index 8f60783..6e2369f 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerServiceTest.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import android.net.thread.ActiveOperationalDataset;
 import android.net.thread.IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver;
 import android.net.thread.IOperationReceiver;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.net.thread.ThreadNetworkException;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@
 import com.android.connectivity.resources.R;
 import com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityResources;
+import com.android.server.thread.openthread.DnsTxtAttribute;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.MeshcopTxtAttributes;
 import com.android.server.thread.openthread.testing.FakeOtDaemon;
 
@@ -94,8 +96,11 @@
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.mockito.MockitoSession;
 
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.time.DateTimeException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
@@ -145,6 +150,7 @@
     private static final byte[] TEST_VENDOR_OUI_BYTES = new byte[] {(byte) 0xAC, (byte) 0xDE, 0x48};
     private static final String TEST_VENDOR_NAME = "test vendor";
     private static final String TEST_MODEL_NAME = "test model";
+    private static final boolean TEST_VGH_VALUE = false;
 
     @Mock private ConnectivityManager mMockConnectivityManager;
     @Mock private NetworkAgent mMockNetworkAgent;
@@ -197,6 +203,8 @@
                 .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_OUI);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_managed_by_google_home)))
+                .thenReturn(TEST_VGH_VALUE);
 
         final AtomicFile storageFile = new AtomicFile(tempFolder.newFile("thread_settings.xml"));
         mPersistentSettings = new ThreadPersistentSettings(storageFile, mConnectivityResources);
@@ -232,13 +240,15 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void initialize_vendorAndModelNameInResourcesAreSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
+    public void initialize_resourceOverlayValuesAreSetToOtDaemon() throws Exception {
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_vendor_oui)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_VENDOR_OUI);
         when(mResources.getString(eq(R.string.config_thread_model_name)))
                 .thenReturn(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_managed_by_google_home)))
+                .thenReturn(true);
 
         mService.initialize();
         mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
@@ -247,6 +257,20 @@
         assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorName).isEqualTo(TEST_VENDOR_NAME);
         assertThat(meshcopTxts.vendorOui).isEqualTo(TEST_VENDOR_OUI_BYTES);
         assertThat(meshcopTxts.modelName).isEqualTo(TEST_MODEL_NAME);
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.nonStandardTxtEntries)
+                .containsExactly(new DnsTxtAttribute("vgh", "1".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getMeshcopTxtAttributes_managedByGoogleIsFalse_vghIsZero() {
+        when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_managed_by_google_home)))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+
+        MeshcopTxtAttributes meshcopTxts =
+                ThreadNetworkControllerService.getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources);
+
+        assertThat(meshcopTxts.nonStandardTxtEntries)
+                .containsExactly(new DnsTxtAttribute("vgh", "0".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -518,9 +542,7 @@
                 .when(mContext)
                 .registerReceiver(
                         any(BroadcastReceiver.class),
-                        argThat(actualIntentFilter -> actualIntentFilter.hasAction(action)),
-                        any(),
-                        any());
+                        argThat(actualIntentFilter -> actualIntentFilter.hasAction(action)));
 
         return receiverRef;
     }
@@ -564,6 +586,55 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_zeroNanoseconds_returnsZeroTicks() throws Exception {
+        Instant now = Instant.ofEpochSecond(0, 0);
+        Clock clock = Clock.fixed(now, ZoneId.systemDefault());
+        MockitoSession session =
+                ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession().mockStatic(SystemClock.class).startMocking();
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                ExtendedMockito.mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+
+        try {
+            ExtendedMockito.when(SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock()).thenReturn(clock);
+            mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+            mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } finally {
+            session.finishMocking();
+        }
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getActiveTimestamp().getTicks()).isEqualTo(0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void createRandomizedDataset_maxNanoseconds_returnsMaxTicks() throws Exception {
+        // The nanoseconds to ticks conversion is rounded in the current implementation.
+        // 32767.5 / 32768 * 1000000000 = 999984741.2109375, using 999984741 to
+        // produce the maximum ticks.
+        Instant now = Instant.ofEpochSecond(0, 999984741);
+        Clock clock = Clock.fixed(now, ZoneId.systemDefault());
+        MockitoSession session =
+                ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession().mockStatic(SystemClock.class).startMocking();
+        final IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver mockReceiver =
+                ExtendedMockito.mock(IActiveOperationalDatasetReceiver.class);
+
+        try {
+            ExtendedMockito.when(SystemClock.currentNetworkTimeClock()).thenReturn(clock);
+            mService.createRandomizedDataset(DEFAULT_NETWORK_NAME, mockReceiver);
+            mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+        } finally {
+            session.finishMocking();
+        }
+
+        verify(mockReceiver, never()).onError(anyInt(), anyString());
+        verify(mockReceiver, times(1)).onSuccess(mActiveDatasetCaptor.capture());
+        ActiveOperationalDataset activeDataset = mActiveDatasetCaptor.getValue();
+        assertThat(activeDataset.getActiveTimestamp().getTicks()).isEqualTo(32767);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void createRandomizedDataset_hasNetworkTimeClock_datasetActiveTimestampIsAuthoritative()
             throws Exception {
         MockitoSession session =
@@ -687,4 +758,35 @@
         inOrder.verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).setInterfaceUp(false);
         inOrder.verify(mMockTunIfController, times(1)).setInterfaceUp(true);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setConfiguration_configurationUpdated() throws Exception {
+        mService.initialize();
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver1 = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver2 = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        final IOperationReceiver mockReceiver3 = mock(IOperationReceiver.class);
+        ThreadConfiguration config1 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(false)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(false)
+                        .build();
+        ThreadConfiguration config2 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(true)
+                        .build();
+        ThreadConfiguration config3 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder(config2).build(); // Same as config2
+
+        mService.setConfiguration(config1, mockReceiver1);
+        mService.setConfiguration(config2, mockReceiver2);
+        mService.setConfiguration(config3, mockReceiver3);
+        mTestLooper.dispatchAll();
+
+        assertThat(mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(config3);
+        InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mockReceiver1, mockReceiver2, mockReceiver3);
+        inOrder.verify(mockReceiver1).onSuccess();
+        inOrder.verify(mockReceiver2).onSuccess();
+        inOrder.verify(mockReceiver3).onSuccess();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
index 7d2fe91..c932ac8 100644
--- a/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/unit/src/com/android/server/thread/ThreadPersistentSettingsTest.java
@@ -21,16 +21,12 @@
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.validateMockitoUsage;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.content.res.Resources;
+import android.net.thread.ThreadConfiguration;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.util.AtomicFile;
 
@@ -42,13 +38,14 @@
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
 import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
-import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link ThreadPersistentSettings}. */
@@ -57,12 +54,15 @@
 public class ThreadPersistentSettingsTest {
     private static final String TEST_COUNTRY_CODE = "CN";
 
-    @Mock private AtomicFile mAtomicFile;
     @Mock Resources mResources;
     @Mock ConnectivityResources mConnectivityResources;
 
+    private AtomicFile mAtomicFile;
     private ThreadPersistentSettings mThreadPersistentSettings;
 
+    @Rule(order = 0)
+    public final TemporaryFolder mTemporaryFolder = new TemporaryFolder();
+
     @Before
     public void setUp() throws Exception {
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
@@ -70,8 +70,7 @@
         when(mConnectivityResources.get()).thenReturn(mResources);
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(true);
 
-        FileOutputStream fos = mock(FileOutputStream.class);
-        when(mAtomicFile.startWrite()).thenReturn(fos);
+        mAtomicFile = createAtomicFile();
         mThreadPersistentSettings =
                 new ThreadPersistentSettings(mAtomicFile, mConnectivityResources);
     }
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@
     @Test
     public void initialize_readsFromFile() throws Exception {
         byte[] data = createXmlForParsing(THREAD_ENABLED.key, false);
-        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(data);
+        setupAtomicFileForRead(data);
 
         mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
 
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@
     @Test
     public void initialize_ThreadDisabledInResources_returnsThreadDisabled() throws Exception {
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(false);
-        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(new byte[0]);
+        setupAtomicFileForRead(new byte[0]);
 
         mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
 
@@ -107,7 +106,7 @@
             throws Exception {
         when(mResources.getBoolean(eq(R.bool.config_thread_default_enabled))).thenReturn(false);
         byte[] data = createXmlForParsing(THREAD_ENABLED.key, true);
-        setupAtomicFileMockForRead(data);
+        setupAtomicFileForRead(data);
 
         mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
 
@@ -119,9 +118,6 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_ENABLED.key, true);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isTrue();
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -129,9 +125,8 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_ENABLED.key, false);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_ENABLED)).isFalse();
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -139,10 +134,8 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
-
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isEqualTo(TEST_COUNTRY_CODE);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -150,10 +143,63 @@
         mThreadPersistentSettings.put(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE.key, null);
 
         assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isNull();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.get(THREAD_COUNTRY_CODE)).isNull();
+    }
 
-        // Confirm that file writes have been triggered.
-        verify(mAtomicFile).startWrite();
-        verify(mAtomicFile).finishWrite(any());
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_sameValues_returnsFalse() {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(true)
+                        .build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration)).isFalse();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_differentValues_returnsTrue() {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration1 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(false)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(false)
+                        .build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration1);
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration2 =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder()
+                        .setNat64Enabled(true)
+                        .setDhcp6PdEnabled(true)
+                        .build();
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration2)).isTrue();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_nat64Enabled_valuesUpdatedAndPersisted() throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setNat64Enabled(true).build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void putConfiguration_dhcp6PdEnabled_valuesUpdatedAndPersisted() throws Exception {
+        ThreadConfiguration configuration =
+                new ThreadConfiguration.Builder().setDhcp6PdEnabled(true).build();
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.putConfiguration(configuration);
+
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+        mThreadPersistentSettings.initialize();
+        assertThat(mThreadPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()).isEqualTo(configuration);
+    }
+
+    private AtomicFile createAtomicFile() throws Exception {
+        return new AtomicFile(mTemporaryFolder.newFile());
     }
 
     private byte[] createXmlForParsing(String key, Boolean value) throws Exception {
@@ -164,19 +210,9 @@
         return outputStream.toByteArray();
     }
 
-    private void setupAtomicFileMockForRead(byte[] dataToRead) throws Exception {
-        FileInputStream is = mock(FileInputStream.class);
-        when(mAtomicFile.openRead()).thenReturn(is);
-        when(is.available()).thenReturn(dataToRead.length).thenReturn(0);
-        doAnswer(
-                        invocation -> {
-                            byte[] data = invocation.getArgument(0);
-                            int pos = invocation.getArgument(1);
-                            if (pos == dataToRead.length) return 0; // read complete.
-                            System.arraycopy(dataToRead, 0, data, 0, dataToRead.length);
-                            return dataToRead.length;
-                        })
-                .when(is)
-                .read(any(), anyInt(), anyInt());
+    private void setupAtomicFileForRead(byte[] dataToRead) throws Exception {
+        try (FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(mAtomicFile.getBaseFile())) {
+            outputStream.write(dataToRead);
+        }
     }
 }