diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
index 9086d49..704f31d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.java
@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@
          */
         private long mReportTimestamp;
 
-        /** The detection method used to identify the suspected data stall */
+        /** A bitmask of the detection methods used to identify the suspected data stall */
         @DetectionMethod private final int mDetectionMethod;
 
         /** LinkProperties available on the Network at the reported timestamp */
@@ -499,9 +499,9 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Returns the detection method used to identify this suspected data stall.
+         * Returns the bitmask of detection methods used to identify this suspected data stall.
          *
-         * @return The detection method used to identify the suspected data stall
+         * @return The bitmask of detection methods used to identify the suspected data stall
          */
         public int getDetectionMethod() {
             return mDetectionMethod;
@@ -711,6 +711,13 @@
      * not currently registered. If a ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback instance is registered with
      * multiple NetworkRequests, an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * callbacks in {@link ConnectivityManager}. Registering a callback with this method will count
+     * toward this limit. If this limit is exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting
+     * this issue and to conserve resources, make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     *
      * @param request The NetworkRequest that will be used to match with Networks for which
      *     callbacks will be fired
      * @param e The Executor to be used for running the callback method invocations
@@ -718,6 +725,7 @@
      *     System
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the same callback instance is registered with multiple
      *     NetworkRequests
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     public void registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
             @NonNull NetworkRequest request,
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index ad07e7c..9c994eb 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
@@ -2270,27 +2271,6 @@
                 throwException);
     }
 
-    /** {@hide} */
-    public static final void enforceTetherChangePermission(Context context, String callingPkg,
-            String callingAttributionTag) {
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(context, "Context cannot be null");
-        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callingPkg, "callingPkg cannot be null");
-
-        if (context.getResources().getStringArray(
-                com.android.internal.R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app).length == 2) {
-            // Have a provisioning app - must only let system apps (which check this app)
-            // turn on tethering
-            context.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
-                    android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, "ConnectivityService");
-        } else {
-            int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
-            // If callingPkg's uid is not same as Binder.getCallingUid(),
-            // AppOpsService throws SecurityException.
-            checkAndNoteWriteSettingsOperation(context, uid, callingPkg,
-                    callingAttributionTag, true /* throwException */);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Check if the package is a allowed to write settings. This also accounts that such an access
      * happened.
@@ -3854,13 +3834,22 @@
      * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
      * {@link android.provider.Settings.System#canWrite}.</p>
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #registerNetworkCallback} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
      *                        the callback must not be shared - it uniquely specifies this request.
      *                        The callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code request} contains invalid network capabilities.
      * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
-     * @throws RuntimeException if request limit per UID is exceeded.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
             @NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
@@ -3874,8 +3863,8 @@
      * but runs all the callbacks on the passed Handler.
      *
      * <p>This method has the same permission requirements as
-     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} and throws the same exceptions in
-     * the same conditions.
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, is subject to the same limitations,
+     * and throws the same exceptions in the same conditions.
      *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
@@ -3906,8 +3895,8 @@
      * for that purpose. Calling this method will attempt to bring up the requested network.
      *
      * <p>This method has the same permission requirements as
-     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)} and throws the same exceptions in
-     * the same conditions.
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, is subject to the same limitations,
+     * and throws the same exceptions in the same conditions.
      *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
@@ -3933,8 +3922,8 @@
      * on the passed Handler.
      *
      * <p>This method has the same permission requirements as
-     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback, int)} and throws the same exceptions
-     * in the same conditions.
+     * {@link #requestNetwork(NetworkRequest, NetworkCallback)}, is subject to the same limitations,
+     * and throws the same exceptions in the same conditions.
      *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} to be utilized for this request. Note
@@ -4003,6 +3992,15 @@
      * is unknown prior to bringing up the network so the framework does not
      * know how to go about satisfying a request with these capabilities.
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #registerNetworkCallback} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(PendingIntent)}
+     * or {@link #releaseNetworkRequest(PendingIntent)}.
+     *
      * <p>This method requires the caller to hold either the
      * {@link android.Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE} permission
      * or the ability to modify system settings as determined by
@@ -4014,7 +4012,7 @@
      *                  comes from {@link PendingIntent#getBroadcast}. Cannot be null.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code request} contains invalid network capabilities.
      * @throws SecurityException if missing the appropriate permissions.
-     * @throws RuntimeException if request limit per UID is exceeded.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     public void requestNetwork(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
             @NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
@@ -4071,10 +4069,20 @@
      * either the application exits or {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is
      * called.
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as suitable
      *                        networks change state.
      *                        The callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
     public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
@@ -4088,10 +4096,21 @@
      * either the application exits or {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is
      * called.
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
+     *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as suitable
      *                        networks change state.
      * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
     public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
@@ -4125,10 +4144,21 @@
      * <p>
      * The request may be released normally by calling
      * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(android.app.PendingIntent)}.
+     *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(PendingIntent)}
+     * or {@link #releaseNetworkRequest(PendingIntent)}.
+     *
      * @param request {@link NetworkRequest} describing this request.
      * @param operation Action to perform when the network is available (corresponds
      *                  to the {@link NetworkCallback#onAvailable} call.  Typically
      *                  comes from {@link PendingIntent#getBroadcast}. Cannot be null.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
     public void registerNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkRequest request,
@@ -4150,9 +4180,19 @@
      * will continue to be called until either the application exits or
      * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is called.
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as the
      *                        system default network changes.
      *                        The callback is invoked on the default internal Handler.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
     public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback) {
@@ -4164,9 +4204,19 @@
      * will continue to be called until either the application exits or
      * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)} is called.
      *
+     * <p>To avoid performance issues due to apps leaking callbacks, the system will limit the
+     * number of outstanding requests to 100 per app (identified by their UID), shared with
+     * all variants of this method, of {@link #requestNetwork} as well as
+     * {@link ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager#registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback}.
+     * Requesting a network with this method will count toward this limit. If this limit is
+     * exceeded, an exception will be thrown. To avoid hitting this issue and to conserve resources,
+     * make sure to unregister the callbacks with
+     * {@link #unregisterNetworkCallback(NetworkCallback)}.
+     *
      * @param networkCallback The {@link NetworkCallback} that the system will call as the
      *                        system default network changes.
      * @param handler {@link Handler} to specify the thread upon which the callback will be invoked.
+     * @throws RuntimeException if the app already has too many callbacks registered.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
     public void registerDefaultNetworkCallback(@NonNull NetworkCallback networkCallback,
@@ -4258,7 +4308,6 @@
      *                  Cannot be null.
      */
     public void unregisterNetworkCallback(@NonNull PendingIntent operation) {
-        checkPendingIntentNotNull(operation);
         releaseNetworkRequest(operation);
     }
 
@@ -4735,4 +4784,28 @@
             Log.d(TAG, "StackLog:" + sb.toString());
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Simulates a Data Stall for the specified Network.
+     *
+     * <p>The caller must be the owner of the specified Network.
+     *
+     * @param detectionMethod The detection method used to identify the Data Stall.
+     * @param timestampMillis The timestamp at which the stall 'occurred', in milliseconds.
+     * @param network The Network for which a Data Stall is being simluated.
+     * @param extras The PersistableBundle of extras included in the Data Stall notification.
+     * @throws SecurityException if the caller is not the owner of the given network.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @TestApi
+    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+            android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK})
+    public void simulateDataStall(int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis,
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        try {
+            mService.simulateDataStall(detectionMethod, timestampMillis, network, extras);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java b/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
index 0b1a845..3f7660f 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@
     @interface DnsError {}
     /**
      * Indicates that there was an error parsing the response the query.
-     * The cause of this error is available via getCause() and is a ParseException.
+     * The cause of this error is available via getCause() and is a {@link ParseException}.
      */
     public static final int ERROR_PARSE = 0;
     /**
@@ -290,8 +292,15 @@
             }
             try {
                 mAllAnswers.addAll(new DnsAddressAnswer(answer).getAddresses());
-            } catch (ParseException e) {
-                mDnsException = new DnsException(ERROR_PARSE, e);
+            } catch (DnsPacket.ParseException e) {
+                // Convert the com.android.net.module.util.DnsPacket.ParseException to an
+                // android.net.ParseException. This is the type that was used in Q and is implied
+                // by the public documentation of ERROR_PARSE.
+                //
+                // DnsPacket cannot throw android.net.ParseException directly because it's @hide.
+                ParseException pe = new ParseException(e.reason, e.getCause());
+                pe.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace());
+                mDnsException = new DnsException(ERROR_PARSE, pe);
             }
             maybeReportAnswer();
         }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index b0f79bc..d7f178c 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.net.ConnectionInfo;
+import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
 import android.net.IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
 
 import com.android.internal.net.LegacyVpnInfo;
@@ -228,4 +230,7 @@
     void unregisterConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(in IConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback callback);
 
     IBinder startOrGetTestNetworkService();
+
+    void simulateDataStall(int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis, in Network network,
+                in PersistableBundle extras);
 }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
index 65e772c..482d2d2 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgent.java
@@ -357,6 +357,7 @@
         final NetworkInfo ni = new NetworkInfo(config.legacyType, config.legacyType,
                 config.legacyTypeName, "");
         ni.setIsAvailable(true);
+        ni.setExtraInfo(config.getLegacyExtraInfo());
         return ni;
     }
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
index fee868a..fe1268d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfig.java
@@ -185,6 +185,26 @@
         return legacyTypeName;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * The legacy extra info of the agent. The extra info should only be :
+     * <ul>
+     *   <li>For cellular agents, the APN name.</li>
+     *   <li>For ethernet agents, the interface name.</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    private String mLegacyExtraInfo = "";
+
+    /**
+     * The legacy extra info of the agent.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    public String getLegacyExtraInfo() {
+        return mLegacyExtraInfo;
+    }
+
     /** @hide */
     public NetworkAgentConfig() {
     }
@@ -201,6 +221,7 @@
             skip464xlat = nac.skip464xlat;
             legacyType = nac.legacyType;
             legacyTypeName = nac.legacyTypeName;
+            mLegacyExtraInfo = nac.mLegacyExtraInfo;
         }
     }
 
@@ -309,6 +330,18 @@
         }
 
         /**
+         * Sets the legacy extra info of the agent.
+         * @param legacyExtraInfo the legacy extra info.
+         * @return this builder, to facilitate chaining.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @NonNull
+        public Builder setLegacyExtraInfo(@NonNull String legacyExtraInfo) {
+            mConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = legacyExtraInfo;
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Returns the constructed {@link NetworkAgentConfig} object.
          */
         @NonNull
@@ -330,14 +363,15 @@
                 && skip464xlat == that.skip464xlat
                 && legacyType == that.legacyType
                 && Objects.equals(subscriberId, that.subscriberId)
-                && Objects.equals(legacyTypeName, that.legacyTypeName);
+                && Objects.equals(legacyTypeName, that.legacyTypeName)
+                && Objects.equals(mLegacyExtraInfo, that.mLegacyExtraInfo);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(allowBypass, explicitlySelected, acceptUnvalidated,
                 acceptPartialConnectivity, provisioningNotificationDisabled, subscriberId,
-                skip464xlat, legacyType, legacyTypeName);
+                skip464xlat, legacyType, legacyTypeName, mLegacyExtraInfo);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -353,6 +387,7 @@
                 + ", legacyType = " + legacyType
                 + ", hasShownBroken = " + hasShownBroken
                 + ", legacyTypeName = '" + legacyTypeName + '\''
+                + ", legacyExtraInfo = '" + mLegacyExtraInfo + '\''
                 + "}";
     }
 
@@ -372,6 +407,7 @@
         out.writeInt(skip464xlat ? 1 : 0);
         out.writeInt(legacyType);
         out.writeString(legacyTypeName);
+        out.writeString(mLegacyExtraInfo);
     }
 
     public static final @NonNull Creator<NetworkAgentConfig> CREATOR =
@@ -388,6 +424,7 @@
             networkAgentConfig.skip464xlat = in.readInt() != 0;
             networkAgentConfig.legacyType = in.readInt();
             networkAgentConfig.legacyTypeName = in.readString();
+            networkAgentConfig.mLegacyExtraInfo = in.readString();
             return networkAgentConfig;
         }
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index fea3245..ec87091 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -169,6 +169,7 @@
             NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID,
             NET_CAPABILITY_MCX,
             NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+            NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
     })
     public @interface NetCapability { }
 
@@ -336,8 +337,16 @@
     @SystemApi
     public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY = 24;
 
+    /**
+     * This capability will be set for networks that are generally metered, but are currently
+     * unmetered, e.g., because the user is in a particular area. This capability can be changed at
+     * any time. When it is removed, applications are responsible for stopping any data transfer
+     * that should not occur on a metered network.
+     */
+    public static final int NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED = 25;
+
     private static final int MIN_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_MMS;
-    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+    private static final int MAX_NET_CAPABILITY = NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
@@ -353,7 +362,8 @@
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
-            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED));
 
     /**
      * Network capabilities that are not allowed in NetworkRequests. This exists because the
@@ -424,6 +434,7 @@
      */
     private static final long TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES =
             (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+            | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
             | (1 << NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
@@ -666,16 +677,28 @@
      * restrictions.
      * @hide
      */
-    public void restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork() {
+    public void restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork(int creatorUid) {
         final long originalCapabilities = mNetworkCapabilities;
+        final long originalTransportTypes = mTransportTypes;
         final NetworkSpecifier originalSpecifier = mNetworkSpecifier;
         final int originalSignalStrength = mSignalStrength;
+        final int originalOwnerUid = getOwnerUid();
+        final int[] originalAdministratorUids = getAdministratorUids();
         clearAll();
-        // Reset the transports to only contain TRANSPORT_TEST.
-        mTransportTypes = (1 << TRANSPORT_TEST);
+        mTransportTypes = (originalTransportTypes & TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS)
+                | (1 << TRANSPORT_TEST);
         mNetworkCapabilities = originalCapabilities & TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES;
         mNetworkSpecifier = originalSpecifier;
         mSignalStrength = originalSignalStrength;
+
+        // Only retain the owner and administrator UIDs if they match the app registering the remote
+        // caller that registered the network.
+        if (originalOwnerUid == creatorUid) {
+            setOwnerUid(creatorUid);
+        }
+        if (ArrayUtils.contains(originalAdministratorUids, creatorUid)) {
+            setAdministratorUids(new int[] {creatorUid});
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -765,6 +788,13 @@
     };
 
     /**
+     * Allowed transports on a test network, in addition to TRANSPORT_TEST.
+     */
+    private static final int TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS = 1 << TRANSPORT_TEST
+            // Test ethernet networks can be created with EthernetManager#setIncludeTestInterfaces
+            | 1 << TRANSPORT_ETHERNET;
+
+    /**
      * Adds the given transport type to this {@code NetworkCapability} instance.
      * Multiple transports may be applied.  Note that when searching
      * for a network to satisfy a request, any listed in the request will satisfy the request.
@@ -870,9 +900,17 @@
      * <p>For NetworkCapability instances being sent from ConnectivityService, this value MUST be
      * reset to Process.INVALID_UID unless all the following conditions are met:
      *
+     * <p>The caller is the network owner, AND one of the following sets of requirements is met:
+     *
      * <ol>
-     *   <li>The destination app is the network owner
-     *   <li>The destination app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
+     *   <li>The described Network is a VPN
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * <p>OR:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The calling app is the network owner
+     *   <li>The calling app has the ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission granted
      *   <li>The user's location toggle is on
      * </ol>
      *
@@ -898,7 +936,16 @@
     /**
      * Retrieves the UID of the app that owns this network.
      *
-     * <p>For user privacy reasons, this field will only be populated if:
+     * <p>For user privacy reasons, this field will only be populated if the following conditions
+     * are met:
+     *
+     * <p>The caller is the network owner, AND one of the following sets of requirements is met:
+     *
+     * <ol>
+     *   <li>The described Network is a VPN
+     * </ol>
+     *
+     * <p>OR:
      *
      * <ol>
      *   <li>The calling app is the network owner
@@ -906,8 +953,8 @@
      *   <li>The user's location toggle is on
      * </ol>
      *
-     * Instances of NetworkCapabilities sent to apps without the appropriate permissions will
-     * have this field cleared out.
+     * Instances of NetworkCapabilities sent to apps without the appropriate permissions will have
+     * this field cleared out.
      */
     public int getOwnerUid() {
         return mOwnerUid;
@@ -1866,6 +1913,7 @@
             case NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID:             return "OEM_PAID";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_MCX:                  return "MCX";
             case NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY: return "PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY";
+            case NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED:    return "TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED";
             default:                                  return Integer.toString(capability);
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
index b1e9c35..261a163 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkRequest.java
@@ -468,8 +468,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns true iff. the capabilities requested in this NetworkRequest are satisfied by the
-     * provided {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
+     * Returns true if and only if the capabilities requested in this NetworkRequest are satisfied
+     * by the provided {@link NetworkCapabilities}.
      *
      * @param nc Capabilities that should satisfy this NetworkRequest. null capabilities do not
      *           satisfy any request.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index 779f7bc..0b92b95 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -155,6 +155,14 @@
     public static native Network getDnsNetwork() throws ErrnoException;
 
     /**
+     * Allow/Disallow creating AF_INET/AF_INET6 sockets and DNS lookups for current process.
+     *
+     * @param allowNetworking whether to allow or disallow creating AF_INET/AF_INET6 sockets
+     *                        and DNS lookups.
+     */
+    public static native void setAllowNetworkingForProcess(boolean allowNetworking);
+
+    /**
      * Get the tcp repair window associated with the {@code fd}.
      *
      * @param fd the tcp socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
index e550f85..9876076 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
-import android.util.Pair;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
@@ -554,15 +553,45 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * A helper class that contains the destination and the gateway in a {@code RouteInfo},
-     * used by {@link ConnectivityService#updateRoutes} or
+     * A helper class that contains the destination, the gateway and the interface in a
+     * {@code RouteInfo}, used by {@link ConnectivityService#updateRoutes} or
      * {@link LinkProperties#addRoute} to calculate the list to be updated.
+     * {@code RouteInfo} objects with different interfaces are treated as different routes because
+     * *usually* on Android different interfaces use different routing tables, and moving a route
+     * to a new routing table never constitutes an update, but is always a remove and an add.
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public static class RouteKey extends Pair<IpPrefix, InetAddress> {
-        RouteKey(@NonNull IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway) {
-            super(destination, gateway);
+    public static class RouteKey {
+        @NonNull private final IpPrefix mDestination;
+        @Nullable private final InetAddress mGateway;
+        @Nullable private final String mInterface;
+
+        RouteKey(@NonNull IpPrefix destination, @Nullable InetAddress gateway,
+                @Nullable String iface) {
+            mDestination = destination;
+            mGateway = gateway;
+            mInterface = iface;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean equals(Object o) {
+            if (!(o instanceof RouteKey)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            RouteKey p = (RouteKey) o;
+            // No need to do anything special for scoped addresses. Inet6Address#equals does not
+            // consider the scope ID, but the netd route IPCs (e.g., INetd#networkAddRouteParcel)
+            // and the kernel ignore scoped addresses both in the prefix and in the nexthop and only
+            // look at RTA_OIF.
+            return Objects.equals(p.mDestination, mDestination)
+                    && Objects.equals(p.mGateway, mGateway)
+                    && Objects.equals(p.mInterface, mInterface);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int hashCode() {
+            return Objects.hash(mDestination, mGateway, mInterface);
         }
     }
 
@@ -574,7 +603,7 @@
      */
     @NonNull
     public RouteKey getRouteKey() {
-        return new RouteKey(mDestination, mGateway);
+        return new RouteKey(mDestination, mGateway, mInterface);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp b/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
index ba7fe7f..e56809f 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@
 #include <netinet/ip.h>
 #include <netinet/udp.h>
 
+#include <DnsProxydProtocol.h> // NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS
 #include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <utils/misc.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIPlatformHelp.h>
 #include <nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/misc.h>
 
 #include "NetdClient.h"
 #include "core_jni_helpers.h"
@@ -225,6 +226,11 @@
             class_Network, ctor, dnsNetId & ~NETID_USE_LOCAL_NAMESERVERS, privateDnsBypass);
 }
 
+static void android_net_utils_setAllowNetworkingForProcess(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz,
+                                                           jboolean hasConnectivity) {
+    setAllowNetworkingForProcess(hasConnectivity == JNI_TRUE);
+}
+
 static jobject android_net_utils_getTcpRepairWindow(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
     if (javaFd == NULL) {
         jniThrowNullPointerException(env, NULL);
@@ -265,6 +271,7 @@
 /*
  * JNI registration.
  */
+// clang-format off
 static const JNINativeMethod gNetworkUtilMethods[] = {
     /* name, signature, funcPtr */
     { "bindProcessToNetwork", "(I)Z", (void*) android_net_utils_bindProcessToNetwork },
@@ -281,7 +288,9 @@
     { "resNetworkResult", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)Landroid/net/DnsResolver$DnsResponse;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkResult },
     { "resNetworkCancel", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkCancel },
     { "getDnsNetwork", "()Landroid/net/Network;", (void*) android_net_utils_getDnsNetwork },
+    { "setAllowNetworkingForProcess", "(Z)V", (void *)android_net_utils_setAllowNetworkingForProcess },
 };
+// clang-format on
 
 int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env)
 {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 58e06e0..e1bcb0c 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -1374,10 +1375,9 @@
         if (nri == null || net == null || !LOGD_BLOCKED_NETWORKINFO) {
             return;
         }
-        String action = blocked ? "BLOCKED" : "UNBLOCKED";
-        log(String.format("Blocked status changed to %s for %d(%d) on netId %d", blocked,
-                nri.mUid, nri.request.requestId, net.netId));
-        mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.log(action + " " + nri.mUid);
+        final String action = blocked ? "BLOCKED" : "UNBLOCKED";
+        mNetworkInfoBlockingLogs.log(String.format(
+                "%s %d(%d) on netId %d", action, nri.mUid, nri.request.requestId, net.netId));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1699,6 +1699,12 @@
             return newNc;
         }
 
+        // Allow VPNs to see ownership of their own VPN networks - not location sensitive.
+        if (nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)) {
+            // Owner UIDs already checked above. No need to re-check.
+            return newNc;
+        }
+
         Binder.withCleanCallingIdentity(
                 () -> {
                     if (!mLocationPermissionChecker.checkLocationPermission(
@@ -2474,10 +2480,12 @@
         final List<NetworkDiagnostics> netDiags = new ArrayList<NetworkDiagnostics>();
         final long DIAG_TIME_MS = 5000;
         for (NetworkAgentInfo nai : networksSortedById()) {
+            PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(nai.network);
             // Start gathering diagnostic information.
             netDiags.add(new NetworkDiagnostics(
                     nai.network,
                     new LinkProperties(nai.linkProperties),  // Must be a copy.
+                    privateDnsCfg,
                     DIAG_TIME_MS));
         }
 
@@ -2732,7 +2740,7 @@
                         // the Messenger, but if this ever changes, not making a defensive copy
                         // here will give attack vectors to clients using this code path.
                         networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
-                        networkCapabilities.restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork();
+                        networkCapabilities.restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork(nai.creatorUid);
                     }
                     updateCapabilities(nai.getCurrentScore(), nai, networkCapabilities);
                     break;
@@ -3062,7 +3070,11 @@
             // Only the system server can register notifications with package "android"
             final long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
             try {
-                pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, intent, 0);
+                pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
+                        mContext,
+                        0 /* requestCode */,
+                        intent,
+                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
             } finally {
                 Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
             }
@@ -3079,30 +3091,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void notifyDataStallSuspected(DataStallReportParcelable p) {
-            final Message msg = mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
-                    ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_DATA_STALL_SUSPECTED,
-                    p.detectionMethod, mNetId, p.timestampMillis);
-
-            final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
-            switch (p.detectionMethod) {
-                case DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS:
-                    extras.putInt(KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS, p.dnsConsecutiveTimeouts);
-                    break;
-                case DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS:
-                    extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE, p.tcpPacketFailRate);
-                    extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS,
-                            p.tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis);
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    log("Unknown data stall detection method, ignoring: " + p.detectionMethod);
-                    return;
-            }
-            msg.setData(new Bundle(extras));
-
-            // NetworkStateTrackerHandler currently doesn't take any actions based on data
-            // stalls so send the message directly to ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler and avoid
-            // the cost of going through two handlers.
-            mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(msg);
+            ConnectivityService.this.notifyDataStallSuspected(p, mNetId);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -3116,6 +3105,37 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void notifyDataStallSuspected(DataStallReportParcelable p, int netId) {
+        log("Data stall detected with methods: " + p.detectionMethod);
+
+        final PersistableBundle extras = new PersistableBundle();
+        int detectionMethod = 0;
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS)) {
+            extras.putInt(KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS, p.dnsConsecutiveTimeouts);
+            detectionMethod |= DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS;
+        }
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS)) {
+            extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE, p.tcpPacketFailRate);
+            extras.putInt(KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS,
+                    p.tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis);
+            detectionMethod |= DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS;
+        }
+
+        final Message msg = mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.obtainMessage(
+                ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_DATA_STALL_SUSPECTED, detectionMethod, netId,
+                p.timestampMillis);
+        msg.setData(new Bundle(extras));
+
+        // NetworkStateTrackerHandler currently doesn't take any actions based on data
+        // stalls so send the message directly to ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler and avoid
+        // the cost of going through two handlers.
+        mConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.sendMessage(msg);
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasDataStallDetectionMethod(DataStallReportParcelable p, int detectionMethod) {
+        return (p.detectionMethod & detectionMethod) != 0;
+    }
+
     private boolean networkRequiresPrivateDnsValidation(NetworkAgentInfo nai) {
         return isPrivateDnsValidationRequired(nai.networkCapabilities);
     }
@@ -3910,6 +3930,15 @@
         pw.decreaseIndent();
     }
 
+    // TODO: This method is copied from TetheringNotificationUpdater. Should have a utility class to
+    // unify the method.
+    private static @NonNull String getSettingsPackageName(@NonNull final PackageManager pm) {
+        final Intent settingsIntent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_SETTINGS);
+        final ComponentName settingsComponent = settingsIntent.resolveActivity(pm);
+        return settingsComponent != null
+                ? settingsComponent.getPackageName() : "com.android.settings";
+    }
+
     private void showNetworkNotification(NetworkAgentInfo nai, NotificationType type) {
         final String action;
         final boolean highPriority;
@@ -3944,12 +3973,20 @@
         if (type != NotificationType.PRIVATE_DNS_BROKEN) {
             intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("netId", Integer.toString(nai.network.netId), null));
             intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
-            intent.setClassName("com.android.settings",
-                    "com.android.settings.wifi.WifiNoInternetDialog");
+            // Some OEMs have their own Settings package. Thus, need to get the current using
+            // Settings package name instead of just use default name "com.android.settings".
+            final String settingsPkgName = getSettingsPackageName(mContext.getPackageManager());
+            intent.setClassName(settingsPkgName,
+                    settingsPkgName + ".wifi.WifiNoInternetDialog");
         }
 
         PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivityAsUser(
-                mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT, null, UserHandle.CURRENT);
+                mContext,
+                0 /* requestCode */,
+                intent,
+                PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE,
+                null /* options */,
+                UserHandle.CURRENT);
 
         mNotifier.showNotification(nai.network.netId, type, nai, null, pendingIntent, highPriority);
     }
@@ -4278,9 +4315,11 @@
         enforceInternetPermission();
         final int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
         final int connectivityInfo = encodeBool(hasConnectivity);
-        mHandler.sendMessage(
-                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REVALIDATE_NETWORK, uid, connectivityInfo, network));
 
+        // Handle ConnectivityDiagnostics event before attempting to revalidate the network. This
+        // forces an ordering of ConnectivityDiagnostics events in the case where hasConnectivity
+        // does not match the known connectivity of the network - this causes NetworkMonitor to
+        // revalidate the network and generate a ConnectivityDiagnostics ConnectivityReport event.
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai;
         if (network == null) {
             nai = getDefaultNetwork();
@@ -4293,6 +4332,9 @@
                             ConnectivityDiagnosticsHandler.EVENT_NETWORK_CONNECTIVITY_REPORTED,
                             connectivityInfo, 0, nai));
         }
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(
+                mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_REVALIDATE_NETWORK, uid, connectivityInfo, network));
     }
 
     private void handleReportNetworkConnectivity(
@@ -5099,14 +5141,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid) {
-        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(packageName) || uid < 0) {
-            Slog.wtf(TAG, "Invalid package in onPackageAdded: " + packageName + " | " + uid);
-            return;
-        }
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
-    }
-
     private void onPackageReplaced(String packageName, int uid) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(packageName) || uid < 0) {
             Slog.wtf(TAG, "Invalid package in onPackageReplaced: " + packageName + " | " + uid);
@@ -5132,7 +5166,6 @@
             Slog.wtf(TAG, "Invalid package in onPackageRemoved: " + packageName + " | " + uid);
             return;
         }
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(uid);
 
         final int userId = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
         synchronized (mVpns) {
@@ -5182,8 +5215,6 @@
                 onUserRemoved(userId);
             } else if (Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED.equals(action)) {
                 onUserUnlocked(userId);
-            } else if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED.equals(action)) {
-                onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
             } else if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED.equals(action)) {
                 onPackageReplaced(packageName, uid);
             } else if (Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED.equals(action)) {
@@ -5855,7 +5886,7 @@
             // the call to mixInCapabilities below anyway, but sanitizing here means the NAI never
             // sees capabilities that may be malicious, which might prevent mistakes in the future.
             networkCapabilities = new NetworkCapabilities(networkCapabilities);
-            networkCapabilities.restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork();
+            networkCapabilities.restrictCapabilitesForTestNetwork(Binder.getCallingUid());
         } else {
             enforceNetworkFactoryPermission();
         }
@@ -5868,7 +5899,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(messenger, new AsyncChannel(),
                 new Network(mNetIdManager.reserveNetId()), new NetworkInfo(networkInfo), lp, nc,
                 currentScore, mContext, mTrackerHandler, new NetworkAgentConfig(networkAgentConfig),
-                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS, providerId);
+                this, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS, providerId, Binder.getCallingUid());
 
         // Make sure the LinkProperties and NetworkCapabilities reflect what the agent info says.
         nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(mixInCapabilities(nai, nc));
@@ -5969,7 +6000,8 @@
             // Start or stop DNS64 detection and 464xlat according to network state.
             networkAgent.clatd.update();
             notifyIfacesChangedForNetworkStats();
-            networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(newLp);
+            networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyLinkPropertiesChanged(
+                    new LinkProperties(newLp, true /* parcelSensitiveFields */));
             if (networkAgent.everConnected) {
                 notifyNetworkCallbacks(networkAgent, ConnectivityManager.CALLBACK_IP_CHANGED);
             }
@@ -6414,7 +6446,7 @@
             final boolean shouldFilter = requiresVpnIsolation(nai, newNc, nai.linkProperties);
             final String iface = nai.linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
             // For VPN uid interface filtering, old ranges need to be removed before new ranges can
-            // be added, due to the range being expanded and stored as invidiual UIDs. For example
+            // be added, due to the range being expanded and stored as individual UIDs. For example
             // the UIDs might be updated from [0, 99999] to ([0, 10012], [10014, 99999]) which means
             // prevRanges = [0, 99999] while newRanges = [0, 10012], [10014, 99999]. If prevRanges
             // were added first and then newRanges got removed later, there would be only one uid
@@ -7123,6 +7155,14 @@
             networkAgent.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND);
 
             if (!createNativeNetwork(networkAgent)) return;
+            if (networkAgent.isVPN()) {
+                // Initialize the VPN capabilities to their starting values according to the
+                // underlying networks. This will avoid a spurious callback to
+                // onCapabilitiesUpdated being sent in updateAllVpnCapabilities below as
+                // the VPN would switch from its default, blank capabilities to those
+                // that reflect the capabilities of its underlying networks.
+                updateAllVpnsCapabilities();
+            }
             networkAgent.created = true;
         }
 
@@ -7149,7 +7189,9 @@
                 networkAgent.networkMonitor().setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
             }
             networkAgent.networkMonitor().notifyNetworkConnected(
-                    networkAgent.linkProperties, networkAgent.networkCapabilities);
+                    new LinkProperties(networkAgent.linkProperties,
+                            true /* parcelSensitiveFields */),
+                    networkAgent.networkCapabilities);
             scheduleUnvalidatedPrompt(networkAgent);
 
             // Whether a particular NetworkRequest listen should cause signal strength thresholds to
@@ -8147,4 +8189,41 @@
                         0,
                         callback));
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void simulateDataStall(int detectionMethod, long timestampMillis,
+            @NonNull Network network, @NonNull PersistableBundle extras) {
+        enforceAnyPermissionOf(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS,
+                android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK);
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = getNetworkCapabilitiesInternal(network);
+        if (!nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_TEST)) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Data Stall simluation is only possible for test networks");
+        }
+
+        final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network);
+        if (nai == null || nai.creatorUid != Binder.getCallingUid()) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Data Stall simulation is only possible for network "
+                + "creators");
+        }
+
+        // Instead of passing the data stall directly to the ConnectivityDiagnostics handler, treat
+        // this as a Data Stall received directly from NetworkMonitor. This requires wrapping the
+        // Data Stall information as a DataStallReportParcelable and passing to
+        // #notifyDataStallSuspected. This ensures that unknown Data Stall detection methods are
+        // still passed to ConnectivityDiagnostics (with new detection methods masked).
+        final DataStallReportParcelable p = new DataStallReportParcelable();
+        p.timestampMillis = timestampMillis;
+        p.detectionMethod = detectionMethod;
+
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_DNS_EVENTS)) {
+            p.dnsConsecutiveTimeouts = extras.getInt(KEY_DNS_CONSECUTIVE_TIMEOUTS);
+        }
+        if (hasDataStallDetectionMethod(p, DETECTION_METHOD_TCP_METRICS)) {
+            p.tcpPacketFailRate = extras.getInt(KEY_TCP_PACKET_FAIL_RATE);
+            p.tcpMetricsCollectionPeriodMillis = extras.getInt(
+                    KEY_TCP_METRICS_COLLECTION_PERIOD_MILLIS);
+        }
+
+        notifyDataStallSuspected(p, network.netId);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
index 0ea7346..d6bd5a1 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TestNetworkService.java
@@ -317,39 +317,34 @@
                     "Cannot create network for non ipsec, non-testtun interface");
         }
 
-        // Setup needs to be done with NETWORK_STACK privileges.
-        int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
-        Binder.withCleanCallingIdentity(
-                () -> {
-                    try {
-                        mNMS.setInterfaceUp(iface);
+        try {
+            // This requires NETWORK_STACK privileges.
+            Binder.withCleanCallingIdentity(() -> mNMS.setInterfaceUp(iface));
 
-                        // Synchronize all accesses to mTestNetworkTracker to prevent the case
-                        // where:
-                        // 1. TestNetworkAgent successfully binds to death of binder
-                        // 2. Before it is added to the mTestNetworkTracker, binder dies,
-                        // binderDied() is called (on a different thread)
-                        // 3. This thread is pre-empted, put() is called after remove()
-                        synchronized (mTestNetworkTracker) {
-                            TestNetworkAgent agent =
-                                    registerTestNetworkAgent(
-                                            mHandler.getLooper(),
-                                            mContext,
-                                            iface,
-                                            lp,
-                                            isMetered,
-                                            callingUid,
-                                            administratorUids,
-                                            binder);
+            // Synchronize all accesses to mTestNetworkTracker to prevent the case where:
+            // 1. TestNetworkAgent successfully binds to death of binder
+            // 2. Before it is added to the mTestNetworkTracker, binder dies, binderDied() is called
+            // (on a different thread)
+            // 3. This thread is pre-empted, put() is called after remove()
+            synchronized (mTestNetworkTracker) {
+                TestNetworkAgent agent =
+                        registerTestNetworkAgent(
+                                mHandler.getLooper(),
+                                mContext,
+                                iface,
+                                lp,
+                                isMetered,
+                                Binder.getCallingUid(),
+                                administratorUids,
+                                binder);
 
-                            mTestNetworkTracker.put(agent.getNetwork().netId, agent);
-                        }
-                    } catch (SocketException e) {
-                        throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
-                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
-                        throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-                    }
-                });
+                mTestNetworkTracker.put(agent.getNetwork().netId, agent);
+            }
+        } catch (SocketException e) {
+            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
     }
 
     /** Teardown a test network */
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
index 506c8e3..cf6a7f6 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManager.java
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 
@@ -64,7 +65,9 @@
  * Encapsulate the management of DNS settings for networks.
  *
  * This class it NOT designed for concurrent access. Furthermore, all non-static
- * methods MUST be called from ConnectivityService's thread.
+ * methods MUST be called from ConnectivityService's thread. However, an exceptional
+ * case is getPrivateDnsConfig(Network) which is exclusively for
+ * ConnectivityService#dumpNetworkDiagnostics() on a random binder thread.
  *
  * [ Private DNS ]
  * The code handling Private DNS is spread across several components, but this
@@ -236,8 +239,8 @@
     private final ContentResolver mContentResolver;
     private final IDnsResolver mDnsResolver;
     private final MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
-    // TODO: Replace these Maps with SparseArrays.
-    private final Map<Integer, PrivateDnsConfig> mPrivateDnsMap;
+    private final ConcurrentHashMap<Integer, PrivateDnsConfig> mPrivateDnsMap;
+    // TODO: Replace the Map with SparseArrays.
     private final Map<Integer, PrivateDnsValidationStatuses> mPrivateDnsValidationMap;
     private final Map<Integer, LinkProperties> mLinkPropertiesMap;
     private final Map<Integer, int[]> mTransportsMap;
@@ -247,15 +250,13 @@
     private int mSuccessThreshold;
     private int mMinSamples;
     private int mMaxSamples;
-    private String mPrivateDnsMode;
-    private String mPrivateDnsSpecifier;
 
     public DnsManager(Context ctx, IDnsResolver dnsResolver, MockableSystemProperties sp) {
         mContext = ctx;
         mContentResolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
         mDnsResolver = dnsResolver;
         mSystemProperties = sp;
-        mPrivateDnsMap = new HashMap<>();
+        mPrivateDnsMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
         mPrivateDnsValidationMap = new HashMap<>();
         mLinkPropertiesMap = new HashMap<>();
         mTransportsMap = new HashMap<>();
@@ -275,6 +276,12 @@
         mLinkPropertiesMap.remove(network.netId);
     }
 
+    // This is exclusively called by ConnectivityService#dumpNetworkDiagnostics() which
+    // is not on the ConnectivityService handler thread.
+    public PrivateDnsConfig getPrivateDnsConfig(@NonNull Network network) {
+        return mPrivateDnsMap.getOrDefault(network.netId, PRIVATE_DNS_OFF);
+    }
+
     public PrivateDnsConfig updatePrivateDns(Network network, PrivateDnsConfig cfg) {
         Slog.w(TAG, "updatePrivateDns(" + network + ", " + cfg + ")");
         return (cfg != null)
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
index 34d0bed..3091a71 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Nat464Xlat.java
@@ -198,6 +198,9 @@
         if (mPrefixDiscoveryRunning && !isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded()) {
             stopPrefixDiscovery();
         }
+        if (!mPrefixDiscoveryRunning) {
+            setPrefix64(mNat64PrefixInUse);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -221,6 +224,10 @@
         mIface = null;
         mBaseIface = null;
 
+        if (!mPrefixDiscoveryRunning) {
+            setPrefix64(null);
+        }
+
         if (isPrefixDiscoveryNeeded()) {
             if (!mPrefixDiscoveryRunning) {
                 startPrefixDiscovery();
@@ -308,6 +315,16 @@
         return requiresClat(mNetwork) && mNat64PrefixFromRa == null;
     }
 
+    private void setPrefix64(IpPrefix prefix) {
+        final String prefixString = (prefix != null) ? prefix.toString() : "";
+        try {
+            mDnsResolver.setPrefix64(getNetId(), prefixString);
+        } catch (RemoteException | ServiceSpecificException e) {
+            Slog.e(TAG, "Error setting NAT64 prefix on netId " + getNetId() + " to "
+                    + prefix + ": " + e);
+        }
+    }
+
     private void maybeHandleNat64PrefixChange() {
         final IpPrefix newPrefix = selectNat64Prefix();
         if (!Objects.equals(mNat64PrefixInUse, newPrefix)) {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 2d1f553..a9f62d9 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -168,6 +168,9 @@
     // Obtained by ConnectivityService and merged into NetworkAgent-provided information.
     public CaptivePortalData captivePortalData;
 
+    // The UID of the remote entity that created this Network.
+    public final int creatorUid;
+
     // Networks are lingered when they become unneeded as a result of their NetworkRequests being
     // satisfied by a higher-scoring network. so as to allow communication to wrap up before the
     // network is taken down.  This usually only happens to the default network. Lingering ends with
@@ -268,7 +271,8 @@
     public NetworkAgentInfo(Messenger messenger, AsyncChannel ac, Network net, NetworkInfo info,
             LinkProperties lp, NetworkCapabilities nc, int score, Context context,
             Handler handler, NetworkAgentConfig config, ConnectivityService connService, INetd netd,
-            IDnsResolver dnsResolver, INetworkManagementService nms, int factorySerialNumber) {
+            IDnsResolver dnsResolver, INetworkManagementService nms, int factorySerialNumber,
+            int creatorUid) {
         this.messenger = messenger;
         asyncChannel = ac;
         network = net;
@@ -282,6 +286,7 @@
         mHandler = handler;
         networkAgentConfig = config;
         this.factorySerialNumber = factorySerialNumber;
+        this.creatorUid = creatorUid;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
index a1a8e35..49c16ad 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkDiagnostics.java
@@ -18,12 +18,15 @@
 
 import static android.system.OsConstants.*;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.TrafficStats;
+import android.net.shared.PrivateDnsConfig;
 import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
@@ -38,6 +41,8 @@
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
 import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
+import java.io.DataOutputStream;
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
@@ -52,6 +57,7 @@
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
@@ -59,6 +65,12 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
+import javax.net.ssl.SNIHostName;
+import javax.net.ssl.SNIServerName;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
+import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
+
 /**
  * NetworkDiagnostics
  *
@@ -100,6 +112,7 @@
 
     private final Network mNetwork;
     private final LinkProperties mLinkProperties;
+    private final PrivateDnsConfig mPrivateDnsCfg;
     private final Integer mInterfaceIndex;
 
     private final long mTimeoutMs;
@@ -163,12 +176,15 @@
     private final Map<Pair<InetAddress, InetAddress>, Measurement> mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks =
             new HashMap<>();
     private final Map<InetAddress, Measurement> mDnsUdpChecks = new HashMap<>();
+    private final Map<InetAddress, Measurement> mDnsTlsChecks = new HashMap<>();
     private final String mDescription;
 
 
-    public NetworkDiagnostics(Network network, LinkProperties lp, long timeoutMs) {
+    public NetworkDiagnostics(Network network, LinkProperties lp,
+            @NonNull PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg, long timeoutMs) {
         mNetwork = network;
         mLinkProperties = lp;
+        mPrivateDnsCfg = privateDnsCfg;
         mInterfaceIndex = getInterfaceIndex(mLinkProperties.getInterfaceName());
         mTimeoutMs = timeoutMs;
         mStartTime = now();
@@ -199,8 +215,22 @@
             }
         }
         for (InetAddress nameserver : mLinkProperties.getDnsServers()) {
-                prepareIcmpMeasurement(nameserver);
-                prepareDnsMeasurement(nameserver);
+            prepareIcmpMeasurement(nameserver);
+            prepareDnsMeasurement(nameserver);
+
+            // Unlike the DnsResolver which doesn't do certificate validation in opportunistic mode,
+            // DoT probes to the DNS servers will fail if certificate validation fails.
+            prepareDnsTlsMeasurement(null /* hostname */, nameserver);
+        }
+
+        for (InetAddress tlsNameserver : mPrivateDnsCfg.ips) {
+            // Reachability check is necessary since when resolving the strict mode hostname,
+            // NetworkMonitor always queries for both A and AAAA records, even if the network
+            // is IPv4-only or IPv6-only.
+            if (mLinkProperties.isReachable(tlsNameserver)) {
+                // If there are IPs, there must have been a name that resolved to them.
+                prepareDnsTlsMeasurement(mPrivateDnsCfg.hostname, tlsNameserver);
+            }
         }
 
         mCountDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(totalMeasurementCount());
@@ -222,6 +252,15 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static String socketAddressToString(@NonNull SocketAddress sockAddr) {
+        // The default toString() implementation is not the prettiest.
+        InetSocketAddress inetSockAddr = (InetSocketAddress) sockAddr;
+        InetAddress localAddr = inetSockAddr.getAddress();
+        return String.format(
+                (localAddr instanceof Inet6Address ? "[%s]:%d" : "%s:%d"),
+                localAddr.getHostAddress(), inetSockAddr.getPort());
+    }
+
     private void prepareIcmpMeasurement(InetAddress target) {
         if (!mIcmpChecks.containsKey(target)) {
             Measurement measurement = new Measurement();
@@ -252,8 +291,19 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void prepareDnsTlsMeasurement(@Nullable String hostname, @NonNull InetAddress target) {
+        // This might overwrite an existing entry in mDnsTlsChecks, because |target| can be an IP
+        // address configured by the network as well as an IP address learned by resolving the
+        // strict mode DNS hostname. If the entry is overwritten, the overwritten measurement
+        // thread will not execute.
+        Measurement measurement = new Measurement();
+        measurement.thread = new Thread(new DnsTlsCheck(hostname, target, measurement));
+        mDnsTlsChecks.put(target, measurement);
+    }
+
     private int totalMeasurementCount() {
-        return mIcmpChecks.size() + mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.size() + mDnsUdpChecks.size();
+        return mIcmpChecks.size() + mExplicitSourceIcmpChecks.size() + mDnsUdpChecks.size()
+                + mDnsTlsChecks.size();
     }
 
     private void startMeasurements() {
@@ -266,6 +316,9 @@
         for (Measurement measurement : mDnsUdpChecks.values()) {
             measurement.thread.start();
         }
+        for (Measurement measurement : mDnsTlsChecks.values()) {
+            measurement.thread.start();
+        }
     }
 
     public void waitForMeasurements() {
@@ -297,6 +350,11 @@
                 measurements.add(entry.getValue());
             }
         }
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mDnsTlsChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet4Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
 
         // IPv6 measurements second.
         for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mIcmpChecks.entrySet()) {
@@ -315,6 +373,11 @@
                 measurements.add(entry.getValue());
             }
         }
+        for (Map.Entry<InetAddress, Measurement> entry : mDnsTlsChecks.entrySet()) {
+            if (entry.getKey() instanceof Inet6Address) {
+                measurements.add(entry.getValue());
+            }
+        }
 
         return measurements;
     }
@@ -387,6 +450,8 @@
             try {
                 mFileDescriptor = Os.socket(mAddressFamily, sockType, protocol);
             } finally {
+                // TODO: The tag should remain set until all traffic is sent and received.
+                // Consider tagging the socket after the measurement thread is started.
                 TrafficStats.setThreadStatsTag(oldTag);
             }
             // Setting SNDTIMEO is purely for defensive purposes.
@@ -403,13 +468,12 @@
             mSocketAddress = Os.getsockname(mFileDescriptor);
         }
 
-        protected String getSocketAddressString() {
-            // The default toString() implementation is not the prettiest.
-            InetSocketAddress inetSockAddr = (InetSocketAddress) mSocketAddress;
-            InetAddress localAddr = inetSockAddr.getAddress();
-            return String.format(
-                    (localAddr instanceof Inet6Address ? "[%s]:%d" : "%s:%d"),
-                    localAddr.getHostAddress(), inetSockAddr.getPort());
+        protected boolean ensureMeasurementNecessary() {
+            if (mMeasurement.finishTime == 0) return false;
+
+            // Countdown latch was not decremented when the measurement failed during setup.
+            mCountDownLatch.countDown();
+            return true;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -448,13 +512,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void run() {
-            // Check if this measurement has already failed during setup.
-            if (mMeasurement.finishTime > 0) {
-                // If the measurement failed during construction it didn't
-                // decrement the countdown latch; do so here.
-                mCountDownLatch.countDown();
-                return;
-            }
+            if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
 
             try {
                 setupSocket(SOCK_DGRAM, mProtocol, TIMEOUT_SEND, TIMEOUT_RECV, 0);
@@ -462,7 +520,7 @@
                 mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
                 return;
             }
-            mMeasurement.description += " src{" + getSocketAddressString() + "}";
+            mMeasurement.description += " src{" + socketAddressToString(mSocketAddress) + "}";
 
             // Build a trivial ICMP packet.
             final byte[] icmpPacket = {
@@ -507,10 +565,10 @@
         private static final int RR_TYPE_AAAA = 28;
         private static final int PACKET_BUFSIZE = 512;
 
-        private final Random mRandom = new Random();
+        protected final Random mRandom = new Random();
 
         // Should be static, but the compiler mocks our puny, human attempts at reason.
-        private String responseCodeStr(int rcode) {
+        protected String responseCodeStr(int rcode) {
             try {
                 return DnsResponseCode.values()[rcode].toString();
             } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
@@ -518,7 +576,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private final int mQueryType;
+        protected final int mQueryType;
 
         public DnsUdpCheck(InetAddress target, Measurement measurement) {
             super(target, measurement);
@@ -535,13 +593,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void run() {
-            // Check if this measurement has already failed during setup.
-            if (mMeasurement.finishTime > 0) {
-                // If the measurement failed during construction it didn't
-                // decrement the countdown latch; do so here.
-                mCountDownLatch.countDown();
-                return;
-            }
+            if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
 
             try {
                 setupSocket(SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP, TIMEOUT_SEND, TIMEOUT_RECV,
@@ -550,12 +602,10 @@
                 mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
                 return;
             }
-            mMeasurement.description += " src{" + getSocketAddressString() + "}";
 
             // This needs to be fixed length so it can be dropped into the pre-canned packet.
             final String sixRandomDigits = String.valueOf(mRandom.nextInt(900000) + 100000);
-            mMeasurement.description += " qtype{" + mQueryType + "}"
-                    + " qname{" + sixRandomDigits + "-android-ds.metric.gstatic.com}";
+            appendDnsToMeasurementDescription(sixRandomDigits, mSocketAddress);
 
             // Build a trivial DNS packet.
             final byte[] dnsPacket = getDnsQueryPacket(sixRandomDigits);
@@ -592,7 +642,7 @@
             close();
         }
 
-        private byte[] getDnsQueryPacket(String sixRandomDigits) {
+        protected byte[] getDnsQueryPacket(String sixRandomDigits) {
             byte[] rnd = sixRandomDigits.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
             return new byte[] {
                 (byte) mRandom.nextInt(), (byte) mRandom.nextInt(),  // [0-1]   query ID
@@ -611,5 +661,97 @@
                 0, 1  // QCLASS, set to 1 = IN (Internet)
             };
         }
+
+        protected void appendDnsToMeasurementDescription(
+                String sixRandomDigits, SocketAddress sockAddr) {
+            mMeasurement.description += " src{" + socketAddressToString(sockAddr) + "}"
+                    + " qtype{" + mQueryType + "}"
+                    + " qname{" + sixRandomDigits + "-android-ds.metric.gstatic.com}";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Have it inherited from SimpleSocketCheck, and separate common DNS helpers out of
+    // DnsUdpCheck.
+    private class DnsTlsCheck extends DnsUdpCheck {
+        private static final int TCP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2500;
+        private static final int TCP_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
+        private static final int DNS_TLS_PORT = 853;
+        private static final int DNS_HEADER_SIZE = 12;
+
+        private final String mHostname;
+
+        public DnsTlsCheck(@Nullable String hostname, @NonNull InetAddress target,
+                @NonNull Measurement measurement) {
+            super(target, measurement);
+
+            mHostname = hostname;
+            mMeasurement.description = "DNS TLS dst{" + mTarget.getHostAddress() + "} hostname{"
+                    + TextUtils.emptyIfNull(mHostname) + "}";
+        }
+
+        private SSLSocket setupSSLSocket() throws IOException {
+            // A TrustManager will be created and initialized with a KeyStore containing system
+            // CaCerts. During SSL handshake, it will be used to validate the certificates from
+            // the server.
+            SSLSocket sslSocket = (SSLSocket) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault().createSocket();
+            sslSocket.setSoTimeout(TCP_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mHostname)) {
+                // Set SNI.
+                final List<SNIServerName> names =
+                        Collections.singletonList(new SNIHostName(mHostname));
+                SSLParameters params = sslSocket.getSSLParameters();
+                params.setServerNames(names);
+                sslSocket.setSSLParameters(params);
+            }
+
+            mNetwork.bindSocket(sslSocket);
+            return sslSocket;
+        }
+
+        private void sendDoTProbe(@Nullable SSLSocket sslSocket) throws IOException {
+            final String sixRandomDigits = String.valueOf(mRandom.nextInt(900000) + 100000);
+            final byte[] dnsPacket = getDnsQueryPacket(sixRandomDigits);
+
+            mMeasurement.startTime = now();
+            sslSocket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(mTarget, DNS_TLS_PORT), TCP_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+            // Synchronous call waiting for the TLS handshake complete.
+            sslSocket.startHandshake();
+            appendDnsToMeasurementDescription(sixRandomDigits, sslSocket.getLocalSocketAddress());
+
+            final DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream(sslSocket.getOutputStream());
+            output.writeShort(dnsPacket.length);
+            output.write(dnsPacket, 0, dnsPacket.length);
+
+            final DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(sslSocket.getInputStream());
+            final int replyLength = Short.toUnsignedInt(input.readShort());
+            final byte[] reply = new byte[replyLength];
+            int bytesRead = 0;
+            while (bytesRead < replyLength) {
+                bytesRead += input.read(reply, bytesRead, replyLength - bytesRead);
+            }
+
+            if (bytesRead > DNS_HEADER_SIZE && bytesRead == replyLength) {
+                mMeasurement.recordSuccess("1/1 " + responseCodeStr((int) (reply[3]) & 0x0f));
+            } else {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure("1/1 Read " + bytesRead + " bytes while expected to be "
+                        + replyLength + " bytes");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            if (ensureMeasurementNecessary()) return;
+
+            // No need to restore the tag, since this thread is only used for this measurement.
+            TrafficStats.getAndSetThreadStatsTag(TrafficStatsConstants.TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE);
+
+            try (SSLSocket sslSocket = setupSSLSocket()) {
+                sendDoTProbe(sslSocket);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                mMeasurement.recordFailure(e.toString());
+            }
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index f0b7150..c5aa8d5 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-public class PermissionMonitor {
+public class PermissionMonitor implements PackageManagerInternal.PackageListObserver {
     private static final String TAG = "PermissionMonitor";
     private static final boolean DBG = true;
     protected static final Boolean SYSTEM = Boolean.TRUE;
@@ -102,44 +102,6 @@
     @GuardedBy("this")
     private final Set<Integer> mAllApps = new HashSet<>();
 
-    private class PackageListObserver implements PackageManagerInternal.PackageListObserver {
-
-        private int getPermissionForUid(int uid) {
-            int permission = 0;
-            // Check all the packages for this UID. The UID has the permission if any of the
-            // packages in it has the permission.
-            String[] packages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
-            if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
-                for (String name : packages) {
-                    final PackageInfo app = getPackageInfo(name);
-                    if (app != null && app.requestedPermissions != null) {
-                        permission |= getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
-                              app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                // The last package of this uid is removed from device. Clean the package up.
-                permission = INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
-            }
-            return permission;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid) {
-            sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onPackageChanged(@NonNull String packageName, int uid) {
-            sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int uid) {
-            sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
-        }
-    }
-
     public PermissionMonitor(Context context, INetd netd) {
         mPackageManager = context.getPackageManager();
         mUserManager = (UserManager) context.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
@@ -153,7 +115,7 @@
 
         PackageManagerInternal pmi = LocalServices.getService(PackageManagerInternal.class);
         if (pmi != null) {
-            pmi.getPackageList(new PackageListObserver());
+            pmi.getPackageList(this);
         } else {
             loge("failed to get the PackageManagerInternal service");
         }
@@ -363,15 +325,38 @@
         return currentPermission;
     }
 
+    private int getPermissionForUid(final int uid) {
+        int permission = INetd.PERMISSION_NONE;
+        // Check all the packages for this UID. The UID has the permission if any of the
+        // packages in it has the permission.
+        final String[] packages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
+        if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
+            for (String name : packages) {
+                final PackageInfo app = getPackageInfo(name);
+                if (app != null && app.requestedPermissions != null) {
+                    permission |= getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
+                            app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The last package of this uid is removed from device. Clean the package up.
+            permission = INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
+        }
+        return permission;
+    }
+
     /**
-     * Called when a package is added. See {link #ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED}.
+     * Called when a package is added.
      *
      * @param packageName The name of the new package.
      * @param uid The uid of the new package.
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public synchronized void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid) {
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void onPackageAdded(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
+        sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
+
         // If multiple packages share a UID (cf: android:sharedUserId) and ask for different
         // permissions, don't downgrade (i.e., if it's already SYSTEM, leave it as is).
         final Boolean permission = highestPermissionForUid(mApps.get(uid), packageName);
@@ -398,13 +383,17 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Called when a package is removed. See {link #ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED}.
+     * Called when a package is removed.
      *
+     * @param packageName The name of the removed package or null.
      * @param uid containing the integer uid previously assigned to the package.
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public synchronized void onPackageRemoved(int uid) {
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void onPackageRemoved(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
+        sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
+
         // If the newly-removed package falls within some VPN's uid range, update Netd with it.
         // This needs to happen before the mApps update below, since removeBypassingUids() depends
         // on mApps to check if the package can bypass VPN.
@@ -449,6 +438,19 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Called when a package is changed.
+     *
+     * @param packageName The name of the changed package.
+     * @param uid The uid of the changed package.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Override
+    public synchronized void onPackageChanged(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
+        sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
+    }
+
     private static int getNetdPermissionMask(String[] requestedPermissions,
                                              int[] requestedPermissionsFlags) {
         int permissions = 0;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
index 0fc9be3..6eba62e 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_THROW;
+import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
 
 import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
@@ -1282,4 +1284,20 @@
         assertTrue(lp.hasIpv6UnreachableDefaultRoute());
         assertFalse(lp.hasIpv4UnreachableDefaultRoute());
     }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRouteAddWithSameKey() throws Exception {
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan0");
+        final IpPrefix v6 = new IpPrefix("64:ff9b::/96");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v6, address("fe80::1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNICAST, 1280));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v6, address("fe80::1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNICAST, 1500));
+        assertEquals(1, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        final IpPrefix v4 = new IpPrefix("192.0.2.128/25");
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v4, address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0", RTN_UNICAST, 1460));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(v4, address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0", RTN_THROW, 1460));
+        assertEquals(2, lp.getRoutes().size());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
index de65ba2..a4d8353 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkAgentConfigTest.kt
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
             setPartialConnectivityAcceptable(false)
             setUnvalidatedConnectivityAcceptable(true)
         }.build()
-        assertParcelSane(config, 9)
+        assertParcelSane(config, 10)
     }
 
     @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
index 8204b49..60cac0b 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@
     private static final int INVALID_ROUTE_TYPE = -1;
 
     private InetAddress Address(String addr) {
-        return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr);
     }
 
     private IpPrefix Prefix(String prefix) {
@@ -391,4 +392,43 @@
         r = new RouteInfo(Prefix("0.0.0.0/0"), Address("0.0.0.0"), "wlan0");
         assertEquals(0, r.getMtu());
     }
+
+    @Test @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q)
+    public void testRouteKey() {
+        RouteInfo.RouteKey k1, k2;
+        // Only prefix, null gateway and null interface
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/128"), null).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/128"), null).getRouteKey();
+        assertEquals(k1, k2);
+        assertEquals(k1.hashCode(), k2.hashCode());
+
+        // With prefix, gateway and interface. Type and MTU does not affect RouteKey equality
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0",
+                RTN_UNREACHABLE, 1450).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), Address("192.0.2.1"), "wlan0",
+                RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST, 1400).getRouteKey();
+        assertEquals(k1, k2);
+        assertEquals(k1.hashCode(), k2.hashCode());
+
+        // Different scope IDs are ignored by the kernel, so we consider them equal here too.
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/64"), Address("fe80::1%1"), "wlan0").getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("2001:db8::/64"), Address("fe80::1%2"), "wlan0").getRouteKey();
+        assertEquals(k1, k2);
+        assertEquals(k1.hashCode(), k2.hashCode());
+
+        // Different prefix
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.2.0/24"), null).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("192.0.3.0/24"), null).getRouteKey();
+        assertNotEquals(k1, k2);
+
+        // Different gateway
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::1"), null).getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), Address("2001:db8::2"), null).getRouteKey();
+        assertNotEquals(k1, k2);
+
+        // Different interface
+        k1 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), null, "tun0").getRouteKey();
+        k2 = new RouteInfo(Prefix("ff02::1/128"), null, "tun1").getRouteKey();
+        assertNotEquals(k1, k2);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml b/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
index 09c0e48..f5a4234 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/tests/net/integration/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -16,50 +16,55 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 -->
+
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-          package="com.android.server.net.integrationtests">
+     package="com.android.server.net.integrationtests">
 
     <!-- For ConnectivityService registerReceiverAsUser (receiving broadcasts) -->
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL"/>
     <!-- PermissionMonitor sets network permissions for each user -->
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_USERS"/>
     <!-- ConnectivityService sends notifications to BatteryStats -->
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS"/>
     <!-- Reading network status -->
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_STACK" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.OBSERVE_NETWORK_POLICY" />
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_FACTORY"/>
+    <!-- Obtain LinkProperties callbacks with sensitive fields -->
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NETWORK_STACK"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.OBSERVE_NETWORK_POLICY"/>
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE"/>
     <!-- Reading DeviceConfig flags -->
-    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG" />
+    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_DEVICE_CONFIG"/>
     <application android:debuggable="true">
-        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
+        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner"/>
 
         <!-- This manifest is merged with the base manifest of the real NetworkStack app.
-             Remove the NetworkStackService from the base (real) manifest, and replace with a test
-             service that responds to the same intent -->
+                         Remove the NetworkStackService from the base (real) manifest, and replace with a test
+                         service that responds to the same intent -->
         <service android:name=".TestNetworkStackService"
-                 android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack">
+             android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
+             android:exported="true">
             <intent-filter>
                 <action android:name="android.net.INetworkStackConnector.Test"/>
             </intent-filter>
         </service>
         <service android:name=".NetworkStackInstrumentationService"
-                 android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack">
+             android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
+             android:exported="true">
             <intent-filter>
                 <action android:name=".INetworkStackInstrumentation"/>
             </intent-filter>
         </service>
         <service android:name="com.android.server.connectivity.ipmemorystore.RegularMaintenanceJobService"
-                 android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
-                 android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"/>
+             android:process="com.android.server.net.integrationtests.testnetworkstack"
+             android:permission="android.permission.BIND_JOB_SERVICE"/>
 
     </application>
 
     <instrumentation android:name="androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
-                     android:targetPackage="com.android.server.net.integrationtests"
-                     android:label="Frameworks Net Integration Tests" />
+         android:targetPackage="com.android.server.net.integrationtests"
+         android:label="Frameworks Net Integration Tests"/>
 
 </manifest>
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
index c4801aa..bc069e1 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
+++ b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/ConnectivityServiceIntegrationTest.kt
@@ -28,10 +28,13 @@
 import android.net.INetworkPolicyManager
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService
 import android.net.LinkProperties
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET
+import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR
 import android.net.NetworkRequest
 import android.net.TestNetworkStackClient
+import android.net.Uri
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog
 import android.os.ConditionVariable
 import android.os.IBinder
@@ -64,6 +67,8 @@
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations
 import org.mockito.Spy
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
 import kotlin.test.assertTrue
 import kotlin.test.fail
 
@@ -110,6 +115,10 @@
         private val bindingCondition = ConditionVariable(false)
 
         private val realContext get() = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation().context
+        private val httpProbeUrl get() =
+            realContext.getResources().getString(R.string.config_captive_portal_http_url)
+        private val httpsProbeUrl get() =
+            realContext.getResources().getString(R.string.config_captive_portal_https_url)
 
         private class InstrumentationServiceConnection : ServiceConnection {
             override fun onServiceConnected(name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) {
@@ -188,12 +197,8 @@
         val testCallback = TestableNetworkCallback()
 
         cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, testCallback)
-        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(
-                "http://test.android.com",
-                responseCode = 204, contentLength = 42, redirectUrl = null))
-        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(
-                "https://secure.test.android.com",
-                responseCode = 204, contentLength = 42, redirectUrl = null))
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(httpProbeUrl, responseCode = 204))
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(httpsProbeUrl, responseCode = 204))
 
         val na = NetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, LinkProperties(), context)
         networkStackClient.verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
@@ -204,4 +209,52 @@
         testCallback.expectAvailableThenValidatedCallbacks(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
         assertEquals(2, nsInstrumentation.getRequestUrls().size)
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCapportApi() {
+        val request = NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .clearCapabilities()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build()
+        val testCb = TestableNetworkCallback()
+        val apiUrl = "https://capport.android.com"
+
+        cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, testCb)
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(
+                apiUrl,
+                """
+                    |{
+                    |  "captive": true,
+                    |  "user-portal-url": "https://login.capport.android.com",
+                    |  "venue-info-url": "https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"
+                    |}
+                """.trimMargin()))
+
+        // Tests will fail if a non-mocked query is received: mock the HTTPS probe, but not the
+        // HTTP probe as it should not be sent.
+        // Even if the HTTPS probe succeeds, a portal should be detected as the API takes precedence
+        // in that case.
+        nsInstrumentation.addHttpResponse(HttpResponse(httpsProbeUrl, responseCode = 204))
+
+        val lp = LinkProperties()
+        lp.captivePortalApiUrl = Uri.parse(apiUrl)
+        val na = NetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR, lp, context)
+        networkStackClient.verifyNetworkMonitorCreated(na.network, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        na.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+        na.connect()
+
+        testCb.expectAvailableCallbacks(na.network, validated = false, tmt = TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+
+        val capportData = testCb.expectLinkPropertiesThat(na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+            it.captivePortalData != null
+        }.lp.captivePortalData
+        assertNotNull(capportData)
+        assertTrue(capportData.isCaptive)
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://login.capport.android.com"), capportData.userPortalUrl)
+        assertEquals(Uri.parse("https://venueinfo.capport.android.com"), capportData.venueInfoUrl)
+
+        val nc = testCb.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL, na, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED))
+    }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt
index 45073d8..e206313 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt
+++ b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/HttpResponse.kt
@@ -22,16 +22,21 @@
 data class HttpResponse(
     val requestUrl: String,
     val responseCode: Int,
-    val contentLength: Long,
-    val redirectUrl: String?
+    val content: String = "",
+    val redirectUrl: String? = null
 ) : Parcelable {
-    constructor(p: Parcel): this(p.readString(), p.readInt(), p.readLong(), p.readString())
+    constructor(p: Parcel): this(p.readString(), p.readInt(), p.readString(), p.readString())
+    constructor(requestUrl: String, contentBody: String): this(
+            requestUrl,
+            responseCode = 200,
+            content = contentBody,
+            redirectUrl = null)
 
     override fun writeToParcel(dest: Parcel, flags: Int) {
         with(dest) {
             writeString(requestUrl)
             writeInt(responseCode)
-            writeLong(contentLength)
+            writeString(content)
             writeString(redirectUrl)
         }
     }
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
index 4827d29..e807952 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
+++ b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/NetworkStackInstrumentationService.kt
@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@
          *
          * <p>For any subsequent HTTP/HTTPS query, the first response with a matching URL will be
          * used to mock the query response.
+         *
+         * <p>All requests that are expected to be sent must have a mock response: if an unexpected
+         * request is seen, the test will fail.
          */
         override fun addHttpResponse(response: HttpResponse) {
             httpResponses.getValue(response.requestUrl).add(response)
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
index eec3cdb..a44ad1e 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
+++ b/tests/net/integration/src/com/android/server/net/integrationtests/TestNetworkStackService.kt
@@ -33,9 +33,11 @@
 import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
 import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
 import org.mockito.Mockito.spy
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection
 import java.net.URL
 import java.net.URLConnection
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets
 
 private const val TEST_NETID = 42
 
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@
         doReturn(mock(IBinder::class.java)).`when`(it).getSystemService(Context.NETD_SERVICE)
     }
 
-    private class TestPermissionChecker : NetworkStackConnector.PermissionChecker() {
+    private class TestPermissionChecker : NetworkStackService.PermissionChecker() {
         override fun enforceNetworkStackCallingPermission() = Unit
     }
 
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@
         override fun sendNetworkConditionsBroadcast(context: Context, broadcast: Intent) = Unit
     }
 
-    private inner class TestNetworkStackConnector(context: Context) :
-            NetworkStackConnector(context, TestPermissionChecker()) {
+    private inner class TestNetworkStackConnector(context: Context) : NetworkStackConnector(
+            context, TestPermissionChecker(), NetworkStackService.Dependencies()) {
 
         private val network = Network(TEST_NETID)
         private val privateDnsBypassNetwork = TestNetwork(TEST_NETID)
@@ -71,11 +73,13 @@
         private inner class TestNetwork(netId: Int) : Network(netId) {
             override fun openConnection(url: URL): URLConnection {
                 val response = InstrumentationConnector.processRequest(url)
+                val responseBytes = response.content.toByteArray(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)
 
                 val connection = mock(HttpURLConnection::class.java)
                 doReturn(response.responseCode).`when`(connection).responseCode
-                doReturn(response.contentLength).`when`(connection).contentLengthLong
+                doReturn(responseBytes.size.toLong()).`when`(connection).contentLengthLong
                 doReturn(response.redirectUrl).`when`(connection).getHeaderField("location")
+                doReturn(ByteArrayInputStream(responseBytes)).`when`(connection).inputStream
                 return connection
             }
         }
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index a35fb40..0ffafd4 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -92,6 +92,9 @@
                 break;
             case TRANSPORT_VPN:
                 mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
+                // VPNs deduce the SUSPENDED capability from their underlying networks and there
+                // is no public API to let VPN services set it.
+                mNetworkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
                 mScore = ConnectivityConstants.VPN_DEFAULT_SCORE;
                 break;
             default:
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
index 442ac56..0b13800 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
 
     private static NetworkAttributes buildTestNetworkAttributes(String hint, int mtu) {
         return new NetworkAttributes.Builder()
-                .setGroupHint(hint)
+                .setCluster(hint)
                 .setMtu(mtu)
                 .build();
     }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
index 98f705f..735fa7c 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
@@ -909,8 +909,8 @@
                 13805 /* txPackets */,
                 0 /* operations */);
 
-        // Traffic measured for the root uid on the base interface if eBPF is in use.
-        final NetworkStats.Entry ebpfRootUidEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+        // Traffic measured for the root uid on the base interface.
+        final NetworkStats.Entry rootUidEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
                 baseIface, rootUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
                 163577 /* rxBytes */,
                 187 /* rxPackets */,
@@ -918,17 +918,6 @@
                 97 /* txPackets */,
                 0 /* operations */);
 
-        // Traffic measured for the root uid on the base interface if xt_qtaguid is in use.
-        // Incorrectly includes appEntry's bytes and packets, plus IPv4-IPv6 translation
-        // overhead (20 bytes per packet), in rx direction.
-        final NetworkStats.Entry xtRootUidEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
-                baseIface, rootUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
-                31113087 /* rxBytes */,
-                22588 /* rxPackets */,
-                17607 /* txBytes */,
-                97 /* txPackets */,
-                0 /* operations */);
-
         final NetworkStats.Entry otherEntry = new NetworkStats.Entry(
                 otherIface, appUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
                 2600  /* rxBytes */,
@@ -937,21 +926,14 @@
                 3 /* txPackets */,
                 0 /* operations */);
 
-        final NetworkStats statsXt = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
+        final NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
                 .insertEntry(appEntry)
-                .insertEntry(xtRootUidEntry)
+                .insertEntry(rootUidEntry)
                 .insertEntry(otherEntry);
 
-        final NetworkStats statsEbpf = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 3)
-                .insertEntry(appEntry)
-                .insertEntry(ebpfRootUidEntry)
-                .insertEntry(otherEntry);
+        stats.apply464xlatAdjustments(stackedIface);
 
-        statsXt.apply464xlatAdjustments(stackedIface, false);
-        statsEbpf.apply464xlatAdjustments(stackedIface, true);
-
-        assertEquals(3, statsXt.size());
-        assertEquals(3, statsEbpf.size());
+        assertEquals(3, stats.size());
         final NetworkStats.Entry expectedAppUid = new NetworkStats.Entry(
                 v4Iface, appUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
                 30949510,
@@ -966,12 +948,9 @@
                 17607,
                 97,
                 0);
-        assertEquals(expectedAppUid, statsXt.getValues(0, null));
-        assertEquals(expectedRootUid, statsXt.getValues(1, null));
-        assertEquals(otherEntry, statsXt.getValues(2, null));
-        assertEquals(expectedAppUid, statsEbpf.getValues(0, null));
-        assertEquals(expectedRootUid, statsEbpf.getValues(1, null));
-        assertEquals(otherEntry, statsEbpf.getValues(2, null));
+        assertEquals(expectedAppUid, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(expectedRootUid, stats.getValues(1, null));
+        assertEquals(otherEntry, stats.getValues(2, null));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -996,7 +975,7 @@
                 .insertEntry(secondEntry);
 
         // Empty map: no adjustment
-        stats.apply464xlatAdjustments(new ArrayMap<>(), false);
+        stats.apply464xlatAdjustments(new ArrayMap<>());
 
         assertEquals(2, stats.size());
         assertEquals(firstEntry, stats.getValues(0, null));
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
index 7748288..3158cc8 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkUtilsTest.java
@@ -16,10 +16,24 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_UNIX;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.EPERM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_STREAM;
+
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 
@@ -125,4 +139,50 @@
         assertEquals(BigInteger.valueOf(7l - 4 + 4 + 16 + 65536),
                 NetworkUtils.routedIPv6AddressCount(set));
     }
+
+    private static void expectSocketSuccess(String msg, int domain, int type) {
+        try {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(Os.socket(domain, type, 0));
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            fail(msg + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void expectSocketPemissionError(String msg, int domain, int type) {
+        try {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(Os.socket(domain, type, 0));
+            fail(msg);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            assertEquals(msg, e.errno, EPERM);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void expectHasNetworking() {
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a UNIX socket should not have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM);
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a AF_INET socket shouldn't have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM);
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a AF_INET6 socket shouldn't have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM);
+    }
+
+    private static void expectNoNetworking() {
+        expectSocketSuccess("Creating a UNIX socket should not have thrown ErrnoException",
+                AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM);
+        expectSocketPemissionError(
+                "Creating a AF_INET socket should have thrown ErrnoException(EPERM)",
+                AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM);
+        expectSocketPemissionError(
+                "Creating a AF_INET6 socket should have thrown ErrnoException(EPERM)",
+                AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetAllowNetworkingForProcess() {
+        expectHasNetworking();
+        NetworkUtils.setAllowNetworkingForProcess(false);
+        expectNoNetworking();
+        NetworkUtils.setAllowNetworkingForProcess(true);
+        expectHasNetworking();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
index 1a3ea60..02f5286 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/ipmemorystore/ParcelableTests.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
         builder.setAssignedV4Address((Inet4Address) Inet4Address.getByName("6.7.8.9"));
         builder.setAssignedV4AddressExpiry(System.currentTimeMillis() + 3_600_000);
-        builder.setGroupHint("groupHint");
+        builder.setCluster("groupHint");
         builder.setDnsAddresses(Arrays.asList(
                 InetAddress.getByName("ACA1:652B:0911:DE8F:1200:115E:913B:AA2A"),
                 InetAddress.getByName("6.7.8.9")));
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
index ceca6f0..e5daa71 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -33,7 +33,9 @@
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
 import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /** Unit tests for {@link VpnProfile}. */
 @SmallTest
@@ -41,6 +43,9 @@
 public class VpnProfileTest {
     private static final String DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY = "Test";
 
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE = 23;
+    private static final int ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS = 24;
+
     @Test
     public void testDefaults() throws Exception {
         final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
@@ -67,10 +72,11 @@
         assertFalse(p.isMetered);
         assertEquals(1360, p.maxMtu);
         assertFalse(p.areAuthParamsInline);
+        assertFalse(p.isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
     }
 
     private VpnProfile getSampleIkev2Profile(String key) {
-        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key);
+        final VpnProfile p = new VpnProfile(key, true /* isRestrictedToTestNetworks */);
 
         p.name = "foo";
         p.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IKEV2_IPSEC_USER_PASS;
@@ -116,7 +122,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testParcelUnparcel() {
-        assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 22);
+        assertParcelSane(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY), 23);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -159,14 +165,41 @@
         assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooManyValues));
     }
 
+    private String getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(int... missingIndices) {
+        // Sort to ensure when we remove, we can do it from greatest first.
+        Arrays.sort(missingIndices);
+
+        final String encoded = new String(getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY).encode());
+        final List<String> parts =
+                new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(encoded.split(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER)));
+
+        // Remove from back first to ensure indexing is consistent.
+        for (int i = missingIndices.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+            parts.remove(missingIndices[i]);
+        }
+
+        return String.join(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER, parts.toArray(new String[0]));
+    }
+
     @Test
     public void testEncodeDecodeInvalidNumberOfValues() {
-        final VpnProfile profile = getSampleIkev2Profile(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY);
-        final String encoded = new String(profile.encode());
-        final byte[] tooFewValues =
-                encoded.substring(0, encoded.lastIndexOf(VpnProfile.VALUE_DELIMITER)).getBytes();
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_AUTH_PARAMS_INLINE,
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS /* missingIndices */);
 
-        assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues));
+        assertNull(VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes()));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testEncodeDecodeMissingIsRestrictedToTestNetworks() {
+        final String tooFewValues =
+                getEncodedDecodedIkev2ProfileMissingValues(
+                        ENCODED_INDEX_RESTRICTED_TO_TEST_NETWORKS /* missingIndices */);
+
+        // Verify decoding without isRestrictedToTestNetworks defaults to false
+        final VpnProfile decoded = VpnProfile.decode(DUMMY_PROFILE_KEY, tooFewValues.getBytes());
+        assertFalse(decoded.isRestrictedToTestNetworks);
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index 656fe48..bc85374 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.RULE_REJECT_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkPolicyManager.RULE_REJECT_METERED;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
+import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 
 import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtilsKt.transportToLegacyType;
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.startsWith;
 import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
@@ -163,6 +165,8 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
 import android.net.Network;
+import android.net.NetworkAgent;
+import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkFactory;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
@@ -5394,8 +5398,6 @@
 
         // Even though the VPN is unvalidated, it becomes the default network for our app.
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(vpnNetworkAgent);
-        // TODO: this looks like a spurious callback.
-        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.NETWORK_CAPS_UPDATED, vpnNetworkAgent);
         callback.assertNoCallback();
 
         assertTrue(vpnNetworkAgent.getScore() > mEthernetNetworkAgent.getScore());
@@ -5425,6 +5427,47 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testVpnStartsWithUnderlyingCaps() throws Exception {
+        final int uid = Process.myUid();
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback vpnNetworkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest vpnNetworkRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN)
+                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                .build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(vpnNetworkRequest, vpnNetworkCallback);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Connect cell. It will become the default network, and in the absence of setting
+        // underlying networks explicitly it will become the sole underlying network for the vpn.
+        mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
+
+        final TestNetworkAgentWrapper vpnNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_VPN);
+        final ArraySet<UidRange> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
+        ranges.add(new UidRange(uid, uid));
+        mMockVpn.setNetworkAgent(vpnNetworkAgent);
+        mMockVpn.connect();
+        mMockVpn.setUids(ranges);
+        vpnNetworkAgent.connect(true /* validated */, false /* hasInternet */,
+                false /* isStrictMode */);
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectAvailableCallbacks(vpnNetworkAgent.getNetwork(),
+                false /* suspended */, false /* validated */, false /* blocked */, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), TIMEOUT_MS,
+                nc -> nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc = mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(vpnNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED));
+        assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testVpnSetUnderlyingNetworks() throws Exception {
         final int uid = Process.myUid();
 
@@ -5454,9 +5497,12 @@
         assertFalse(nc.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI));
         // For safety reasons a VPN without underlying networks is considered metered.
         assertFalse(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+        // A VPN without underlying networks is not suspended.
+        assertTrue(nc.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         // Connect cell and use it as an underlying network.
         mCellNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
         mCellNetworkAgent.connect(true);
 
         mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
@@ -5465,10 +5511,12 @@
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
                 (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         mWiFiNetworkAgent = new TestNetworkAgentWrapper(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
         mWiFiNetworkAgent.connect(true);
 
         mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
@@ -5477,7 +5525,8 @@
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
                 (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         // Don't disconnect, but note the VPN is not using wifi any more.
         mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
@@ -5486,16 +5535,36 @@
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
                 (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
-        // Use Wifi but not cell. Note the VPN is now unmetered.
+        // Remove NOT_SUSPENDED from the only network and observe VPN is now suspended.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.SUSPENDED, vpnNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Add NOT_SUSPENDED again and observe VPN is no longer suspended.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.RESUMED, vpnNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Use Wifi but not cell. Note the VPN is now unmetered and not suspended.
         mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
                 new Network[] { mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
 
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
                 (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && !caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         // Use both again.
         mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
@@ -5504,7 +5573,37 @@
         vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
                 (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
                 && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+
+        // Cell is suspended again. As WiFi is not, this should not cause a callback.
+        mCellNetworkAgent.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED);
+        vpnNetworkCallback.assertNoCallback();
+
+        // Stop using WiFi. The VPN is suspended again.
+        mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        // While the SUSPENDED callback should in theory be sent here, it is not. This is
+        // a bug in ConnectivityService, but as the SUSPENDED and RESUMED callbacks have never
+        // been public and are deprecated and slated for removal, there is no sense in spending
+        // resources fixing this bug now.
+
+        // Use both again.
+        mService.setUnderlyingNetworksForVpn(
+                new Network[] { mCellNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork() });
+
+        vpnNetworkCallback.expectCapabilitiesThat(vpnNetworkAgent,
+                (caps) -> caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_VPN)
+                && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR) && caps.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
+                && !caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
+                && caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
+        // As above, the RESUMED callback not being sent here is a bug, but not a bug that's
+        // worth anybody's time to fix.
 
         // Disconnect cell. Receive update without even removing the dead network from the
         // underlying networks – it's dead anyway. Not metered any more.
@@ -6226,6 +6325,7 @@
         int netId = network.getNetId();
         callback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mCellNetworkAgent);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, pref64FromRa.toString());
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
         callback.assertNoCallback();
         assertEquals(pref64FromRa, mCm.getLinkProperties(network).getNat64Prefix());
@@ -6235,6 +6335,7 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
         expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, null);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
 
         // If the RA prefix appears while DNS discovery is in progress, discovery is stopped and
@@ -6244,6 +6345,7 @@
         expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, pref64FromRa);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromRa.toString());
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, pref64FromRa.toString());
 
         // Withdraw the RA prefix so we can test the case where an RA prefix appears after DNS
         // discovery has succeeded.
@@ -6251,6 +6353,7 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
         expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, null);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
 
         mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(netId, true /* added */,
@@ -6258,13 +6361,40 @@
         expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, pref64FromDns);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromDns.toString());
 
-        // If the RA prefix reappears, clatd is restarted and prefix discovery is stopped.
+        // If an RA advertises the same prefix that was discovered by DNS, nothing happens: prefix
+        // discovery is not stopped, and there are no callbacks.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromDns);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // If the RA is later withdrawn, nothing happens again.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        callback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // If the RA prefix changes, clatd is restarted and prefix discovery is stopped.
         lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromRa);
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
         expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, pref64FromRa);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+
+        // Stopping prefix discovery results in a prefix removed notification.
+        mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(netId, false /* added */,
+                pref64FromDnsStr, 96);
+
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, pref64FromRa.toString());
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
 
         // If the RA prefix changes, clatd is restarted and prefix discovery is not started.
@@ -6272,7 +6402,9 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
         expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, newPref64FromRa);
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, newPref64FromRa.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, newPref64FromRa.toString());
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
 
@@ -6285,11 +6417,45 @@
         inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
         inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
 
         // The transition between no prefix and DNS prefix is tested in testStackedLinkProperties.
 
+        // If the same prefix is learned first by DNS and then by RA, and clat is later stopped,
+        // (e.g., because the network disconnects) setPrefix64(netid, "") is never called.
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(null);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, null);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).setPrefix64(netId, "");
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        mService.mNetdEventCallback.onNat64PrefixEvent(netId, true /* added */,
+                pref64FromDnsStr, 96);
+        expectNat64PrefixChange(callback, mCellNetworkAgent, pref64FromDns);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStart(iface, pref64FromDns.toString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), any());
+
+        lp.setNat64Prefix(pref64FromDns);
+        mCellNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
         callback.assertNoCallback();
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd, never()).clatdStart(eq(iface), anyString());
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).startPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
+        // When tearing down a network, clat state is only updated after CALLBACK_LOST is fired, but
+        // before CONNECTIVITY_ACTION is sent. Wait for CONNECTIVITY_ACTION before verifying that
+        // clat has been stopped, or the test will be flaky.
+        ConditionVariable cv = registerConnectivityBroadcast(1);
         mCellNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        callback.expectCallback(CallbackEntry.LOST, mCellNetworkAgent);
+        waitFor(cv);
+
+        inOrder.verify(mMockNetd).clatdStop(iface);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver).stopPrefix64Discovery(netId);
+        inOrder.verify(mMockDnsResolver, never()).setPrefix64(eq(netId), anyString());
+
         mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(callback);
     }
 
@@ -6645,6 +6811,30 @@
         assertEquals(wifiLp, mService.getActiveLinkProperties());
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testLegacyExtraInfoSentToNetworkMonitor() throws Exception {
+        class TestNetworkAgent extends NetworkAgent {
+            TestNetworkAgent(Context context, Looper looper, NetworkAgentConfig config) {
+                super(context, looper, "MockAgent", new NetworkCapabilities(),
+                        new LinkProperties(), 40 , config, null /* provider */);
+            }
+        }
+        final NetworkAgent naNoExtraInfo = new TestNetworkAgent(
+                mServiceContext, mCsHandlerThread.getLooper(), new NetworkAgentConfig());
+        naNoExtraInfo.register();
+        verify(mNetworkStack).makeNetworkMonitor(any(), isNull(String.class), any());
+        naNoExtraInfo.unregister();
+
+        reset(mNetworkStack);
+        final NetworkAgentConfig config =
+                new NetworkAgentConfig.Builder().setLegacyExtraInfo("legacyinfo").build();
+        final NetworkAgent naExtraInfo = new TestNetworkAgent(
+                mServiceContext, mCsHandlerThread.getLooper(), config);
+        naExtraInfo.register();
+        verify(mNetworkStack).makeNetworkMonitor(any(), eq("legacyinfo"), any());
+        naExtraInfo.unregister();
+    }
+
     private void setupLocationPermissions(
             int targetSdk, boolean locationToggle, String op, String perm) throws Exception {
         final ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
@@ -6953,7 +7143,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
                         null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
-                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
+                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID);
 
         mServiceContext.setPermission(
                 android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_GRANTED);
@@ -6969,7 +7159,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
                         null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
-                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
+                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID);
 
         mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
 
@@ -6985,7 +7175,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
                         null, null, null, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
-                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
+                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID);
 
         mServiceContext.setPermission(android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, PERMISSION_DENIED);
 
@@ -7002,7 +7192,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithoutUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
                         null, null, network, null, null, new NetworkCapabilities(), 0,
-                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0);
+                        mServiceContext, null, null, mService, null, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID);
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
@@ -7036,7 +7226,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
                         null, null, null, null, null, nc, 0, mServiceContext, null, null,
-                        mService, null, null, null, 0);
+                        mService, null, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID);
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
@@ -7058,7 +7248,7 @@
         final NetworkAgentInfo naiWithUid =
                 new NetworkAgentInfo(
                         null, null, null, null, null, nc, 0, mServiceContext, null, null,
-                        mService, null, null, null, 0);
+                        mService, null, null, null, 0, INVALID_UID);
 
         setupLocationPermissions(Build.VERSION_CODES.Q, true, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_FINE_LOCATION,
                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
index 42d4cf3..a10a3c8 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/LegacyTypeTrackerTest.kt
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+// Don't warn about deprecated types anywhere in this test, because LegacyTypeTracker's very reason
+// for existence is to power deprecated APIs. The annotation has to apply to the whole file because
+// otherwise warnings will be generated by the imports of deprecated constants like TYPE_xxx.
+@file:Suppress("DEPRECATION")
+
 package com.android.server
 
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_ETHERNET
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
index 0a603b8..508b5cd 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.MessageUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.test.FakeSettingsProvider;
 
+import libcore.net.InetAddressUtils;
+
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
@@ -103,7 +105,8 @@
             @NonNull ResolverOptionsParcel expected) {
         assertEquals(actual.hosts, expected.hosts);
         assertEquals(actual.tcMode, expected.tcMode);
-        assertFieldCountEquals(2, ResolverOptionsParcel.class);
+        assertEquals(actual.enforceDnsUid, expected.enforceDnsUid);
+        assertFieldCountEquals(3, ResolverOptionsParcel.class);
     }
 
     private void assertResolverParamsEquals(@NonNull ResolverParamsParcel actual,
@@ -379,4 +382,49 @@
             assertEquals(name, dnsTransTypes.get(i));
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testGetPrivateDnsConfigForNetwork() throws Exception {
+        final Network network = new Network(TEST_NETID);
+        final InetAddress dnsAddr = InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("3.3.3.3");
+        final InetAddress[] tlsAddrs = new InetAddress[]{
+            InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("6.6.6.6"),
+            InetAddressUtils.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8:66:66::1")
+        };
+        final String tlsName = "strictmode.com";
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.addDnsServer(dnsAddr);
+
+        // The PrivateDnsConfig map is empty, so the default PRIVATE_DNS_OFF is returned.
+        PrivateDnsConfig privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertFalse(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
+
+        // An entry with default PrivateDnsConfig is added to the PrivateDnsConfig map.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(network, mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig());
+        mDnsManager.noteDnsServersForNetwork(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsValidation(
+                new DnsManager.PrivateDnsValidationUpdate(TEST_NETID, dnsAddr, "", true));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertTrue(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
+
+        // The original entry is overwritten by a new PrivateDnsConfig.
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDns(network, new PrivateDnsConfig(tlsName, tlsAddrs));
+        mDnsManager.updatePrivateDnsStatus(TEST_NETID, lp);
+        privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertTrue(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals(tlsName, privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(tlsAddrs, privateDnsCfg.ips);
+
+        // The network is removed, so the PrivateDnsConfig map becomes empty again.
+        mDnsManager.removeNetwork(network);
+        privateDnsCfg = mDnsManager.getPrivateDnsConfig(network);
+        assertFalse(privateDnsCfg.useTls);
+        assertEquals("", privateDnsCfg.hostname);
+        assertEquals(new InetAddress[0], privateDnsCfg.ips);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
index 24a8717..aafa18a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/LingerMonitorTest.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo;
 import android.net.NetworkProvider;
+import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.text.format.DateUtils;
 
@@ -354,7 +355,7 @@
         caps.addTransportType(transport);
         NetworkAgentInfo nai = new NetworkAgentInfo(null, null, new Network(netId), info, null,
                 caps, 50, mCtx, null, null /* config */, mConnService, mNetd, mDnsResolver, mNMS,
-                NetworkProvider.ID_NONE);
+                NetworkProvider.ID_NONE, Binder.getCallingUid());
         nai.everValidated = true;
         return nai;
     }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index 76e3e2f..5eea0e8 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
 
-
 @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 @SmallTest
 public class PermissionMonitorTest {
@@ -117,7 +115,6 @@
     @Mock private PackageManagerInternal mMockPmi;
     @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
 
-    private PackageManagerInternal.PackageListObserver mObserver;
     private PermissionMonitor mPermissionMonitor;
 
     @Before
@@ -139,11 +136,7 @@
                   /* observer */ null));
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(anyInt())).thenReturn(/* empty app list */ null);
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<PackageManagerInternal.PackageListObserver> observerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(PackageManagerInternal.PackageListObserver.class);
-        verify(mMockPmi).getPackageList(observerCaptor.capture());
-        mObserver = observerCaptor.getValue();
+        verify(mMockPmi).getPackageList(mPermissionMonitor);
     }
 
     private boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(String partition, int targetSdkVersion, int uid,
@@ -450,13 +443,13 @@
                 new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         // Remove MOCK_UID1, expect no permission left for all user.
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_UID1);
-        removePackageForUsers(new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID1);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        removePackageForUsers(new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNoPermission(new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         // Remove SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, expect permission downgrade.
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(anyInt())).thenReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE2});
-        removePackageForUsers(new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_UID);
+        removePackageForUsers(new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID);
         mNetdMonitor.expectPermission(NETWORK, new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
                 new int[]{SYSTEM_UID});
 
@@ -465,7 +458,7 @@
 
         // Remove all packages, expect no permission left.
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(anyInt())).thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        removePackageForUsers(new int[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_UID);
+        removePackageForUsers(new int[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_UID);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNoPermission(new int[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
                 new int[]{SYSTEM_UID, MOCK_UID1});
 
@@ -501,7 +494,8 @@
         reset(mNetdService);
 
         // When MOCK_UID1 package is uninstalled and reinstalled, expect Netd to be updated
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(UserHandle.getUid(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_UID1));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(
+                MOCK_PACKAGE1, UserHandle.getUid(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_UID1));
         verify(mNetdService).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE1, UserHandle.getUid(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_UID1));
         verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"),
@@ -545,7 +539,8 @@
                 aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
 
         // Removed package should have its uid rules removed
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(UserHandle.getUid(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_UID1));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(
+                MOCK_PACKAGE1, UserHandle.getUid(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_UID1));
         verify(mNetdService).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
     }
 
@@ -559,9 +554,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void removePackageForUsers(int[] users, int uid) {
+    private void removePackageForUsers(int[] users, String packageName, int uid) {
         for (final int user : users) {
-            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(UserHandle.getUid(user, uid));
+            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(packageName, UserHandle.getUid(user, uid));
         }
     }
 
@@ -647,7 +642,7 @@
     private PackageInfo addPackage(String packageName, int uid, String[] permissions)
             throws Exception {
         PackageInfo packageInfo = setPackagePermissions(packageName, uid, permissions);
-        mObserver.onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, uid);
         return packageInfo;
     }
 
@@ -678,7 +673,7 @@
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE2), anyInt())).thenReturn(packageInfo2);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1))
               .thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_PACKAGE2});
-        mObserver.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET
                 | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
     }
@@ -692,7 +687,7 @@
                 | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        mObserver.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
     }
 
@@ -705,7 +700,7 @@
                 | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        mObserver.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, new String[] {INTERNET});
@@ -719,10 +714,7 @@
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, new String[] {});
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_NONE, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
-        // When updating a package, the broadcast receiver gets two broadcasts (a remove and then an
-        // add), but the observer sees only one callback (an update).
-        setPackagePermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, new String[] {INTERNET});
-        mObserver.onPackageChanged(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, new String[] {INTERNET});
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
     }
 
@@ -740,7 +732,7 @@
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{
                 MOCK_PACKAGE2});
 
-        mObserver.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 1994d1f..4ccf79a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
@@ -198,6 +199,8 @@
         when(mContext.getString(R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent))
                 .thenReturn(Resources.getSystem().getString(
                         R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent));
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
+                .thenReturn(true);
         when(mSystemServices.isCallerSystem()).thenReturn(true);
 
         // Used by {@link Notification.Builder}
@@ -606,6 +609,7 @@
                         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED)
                         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING)
                         .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED)
+                        .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED)
                         .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(20));
         setMockedNetworks(networks);
 
@@ -621,6 +625,7 @@
         assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         Vpn.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(
                 mConnectivityManager,
@@ -635,6 +640,7 @@
         assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
         assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+        assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         Vpn.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(
                 mConnectivityManager, new Network[] {wifi}, caps, false /* isAlwaysMetered */);
@@ -646,6 +652,7 @@
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         Vpn.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(
                 mConnectivityManager, new Network[] {wifi}, caps, true /* isAlwaysMetered */);
@@ -657,6 +664,7 @@
         assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
 
         Vpn.applyUnderlyingCapabilities(
                 mConnectivityManager,
@@ -671,6 +679,7 @@
         assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED));
         assertFalse(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_ROAMING));
         assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_CONGESTED));
+        assertTrue(caps.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_SUSPENDED));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -724,6 +733,20 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNoIpsecTunnels() throws Exception {
+        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
+                .thenReturn(false);
+        final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+
+        try {
+            checkProvisionVpnProfile(
+                    vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
+            fail("Expected exception due to missing feature");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testProvisionVpnProfilePreconsented() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpnAndSetupUidChecks(AppOpsManager.OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
index 4473492..e4996d9 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsFactoryTest.java
@@ -446,7 +446,7 @@
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 1000, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 30812L, 2310L);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10102, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 10022L, 3330L);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10060, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 9532772L, 254112L);
-        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 15229L, 0L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 0L);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 1000, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 6126L, 2013L);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10013, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 0L, 144L);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 10018, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, 5980263L, 167667L);
@@ -468,9 +468,7 @@
         long appRxBytesAfter = 439237478L;
         assertEquals("App traffic should be ~100MB", 110553449, appRxBytesAfter - appRxBytesBefore);
 
-        long rootRxBytesBefore = 1394011L;
-        long rootRxBytesAfter = 1398634L;
-        assertEquals("UID 0 traffic should be ~0", 4623, rootRxBytesAfter - rootRxBytesBefore);
+        long rootRxBytes = 330187296L;
 
         mFactory.noteStackedIface("v4-wlan0", "wlan0");
         NetworkStats stats;
@@ -478,12 +476,12 @@
         // Stats snapshot before the download
         stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_before);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10106, SET_FOREGROUND, 0x0, appRxBytesBefore, 5199872L);
-        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, rootRxBytesBefore, 0L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, rootRxBytes, 0L);
 
         // Stats snapshot after the download
         stats = parseDetailedStats(R.raw.xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after);
         assertStatsEntry(stats, "v4-wlan0", 10106, SET_FOREGROUND, 0x0, appRxBytesAfter, 7867488L);
-        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, rootRxBytesAfter, 0L);
+        assertStatsEntry(stats, "wlan0", 0, SET_DEFAULT, 0x0, rootRxBytes, 0L);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 1db90b7..1307a84 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.NETWORK_TYPE_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileAll;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateMobileWithRatType;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.buildTemplateWifiWildcard;
@@ -60,18 +61,19 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.AlarmManager;
 import android.app.usage.NetworkStatsManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
 import android.net.DataUsageRequest;
 import android.net.INetworkManagementEventObserver;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
@@ -95,8 +97,7 @@
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.PowerManager;
 import android.os.SimpleClock;
-import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
-import android.telephony.ServiceState;
+import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 
 import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
@@ -126,6 +127,7 @@
 import java.time.Clock;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
  * Tests for {@link NetworkStatsService}.
@@ -168,14 +170,15 @@
     private @Mock NetworkStatsSettings mSettings;
     private @Mock IBinder mBinder;
     private @Mock AlarmManager mAlarmManager;
-    private @Mock TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock
+    private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
     private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
 
     private NetworkStatsService mService;
     private INetworkStatsSession mSession;
     private INetworkManagementEventObserver mNetworkObserver;
-    @Nullable
-    private PhoneStateListener mPhoneStateListener;
+    private ContentObserver mContentObserver;
+    private Handler mHandler;
 
     private final Clock mClock = new SimpleClock(ZoneOffset.UTC) {
         @Override
@@ -203,8 +206,8 @@
         mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("HandlerThread");
         final NetworkStatsService.Dependencies deps = makeDependencies();
         mService = new NetworkStatsService(mServiceContext, mNetManager, mAlarmManager, wakeLock,
-                mClock, mTelephonyManager, mSettings,
-                mStatsFactory, new NetworkStatsObservers(), mStatsDir, getBaseDir(mStatsDir), deps);
+                mClock, mSettings, mStatsFactory, new NetworkStatsObservers(), mStatsDir,
+                getBaseDir(mStatsDir), deps);
 
         mElapsedRealtime = 0L;
 
@@ -215,6 +218,12 @@
         mService.systemReady();
         // Verify that system ready fetches realtime stats
         verify(mStatsFactory).readNetworkStatsDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL, TAG_ALL);
+        // Wait for posting onChange() event to handler thread and verify that when system ready,
+        // start monitoring data usage per RAT type because the settings value is mock as false
+        // by default in expectSettings().
+        waitForIdle();
+        verify(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor).start();
+        reset(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor);
 
         mSession = mService.openSession();
         assertNotNull("openSession() failed", mSession);
@@ -224,12 +233,6 @@
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkManagementEventObserver.class);
         verify(mNetManager).registerObserver(networkObserver.capture());
         mNetworkObserver = networkObserver.getValue();
-
-        // Capture the phone state listener that created by service.
-        final ArgumentCaptor<PhoneStateListener> phoneStateListenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(PhoneStateListener.class);
-        verify(mTelephonyManager).listen(phoneStateListenerCaptor.capture(), anyInt());
-        mPhoneStateListener = phoneStateListenerCaptor.getValue();
     }
 
     @NonNull
@@ -239,6 +242,22 @@
             public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
                 return mHandlerThread;
             }
+
+            @Override
+            public NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor makeSubscriptionsMonitor(
+                    @NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull Executor executor,
+                    @NonNull NetworkStatsService service) {
+
+                return mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public ContentObserver makeContentObserver(Handler handler,
+                    NetworkStatsSettings settings, NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor monitor) {
+                mHandler = handler;
+                return mContentObserver = super.makeContentObserver(handler, settings, monitor);
+            }
+
         };
     }
 
@@ -678,10 +697,9 @@
 
     // TODO: support per IMSI state
     private void setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(int ratType) {
-        final ServiceState mockSs = mock(ServiceState.class);
-        when(mockSs.getDataNetworkType()).thenReturn(ratType);
-        mPhoneStateListener.onServiceStateChanged(mockSs);
-
+        when(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(anyString()))
+                .thenReturn(ratType);
+        mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
         HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
     }
 
@@ -1193,6 +1211,99 @@
         provider.expectOnSetAlert(MB_IN_BYTES);
     }
 
+    private void setCombineSubtypeEnabled(boolean enable) {
+        when(mSettings.getCombineSubtypeEnabled()).thenReturn(enable);
+        mHandler.post(() -> mContentObserver.onChange(false, Settings.Global
+                    .getUriFor(Settings.Global.NETSTATS_COMBINE_SUBTYPE_ENABLED)));
+        waitForIdle();
+        if (enable) {
+            verify(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor).stop();
+        } else {
+            verify(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor).start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDynamicWatchForNetworkRatTypeChanges() throws Exception {
+        // Build 3G template, type unknown template to get stats while network type is unknown
+        // and type all template to get the sum of all network type stats.
+        final NetworkTemplate template3g =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        final NetworkTemplate templateUnknown =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        final NetworkTemplate templateAll =
+                buildTemplateMobileWithRatType(null, NETWORK_TYPE_ALL);
+        final NetworkState[] states = new NetworkState[]{buildMobile3gState(IMSI_1)};
+
+        expectNetworkStatsSummary(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+
+        // 3G network comes online.
+        setMobileRatTypeAndWaitForIdle(TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(NETWORKS_MOBILE, states, getActiveIface(states),
+                new VpnInfo[0]);
+
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Since CombineSubtypeEnabled is false by default in unit test, the generated traffic
+        // will be split by RAT type. Verify 3G templates gets stats, while template with unknown
+        // RAT type gets nothing, and template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL gets all stats.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateUnknown, UID_RED, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateAll, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+
+        // Stop monitoring data usage per RAT type changes NetworkStatsService records data
+        // to {@link TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN}.
+        setCombineSubtypeEnabled(true);
+
+        // Call handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged manually to simulate the callback fired
+        // when stopping monitor, this is needed by NetworkStatsService to trigger updateIfaces.
+        mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
+        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        // Append more traffic on existing snapshot.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        12L + 4L, 18L + 4L, 14L + 3L, 1L + 1L, 0L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        35L, 29L, 7L, 11L, 1L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify 3G counters do not increase, while template with unknown RAT type gets new
+        // traffic and template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL gets all stats.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 12L, 18L, 14L, 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateUnknown, UID_RED, 4L + 35L, 4L + 29L, 3L + 7L, 1L + 11L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(templateAll, UID_RED, 16L + 35L, 22L + 29L, 17L + 7L, 2L + 11L, 1);
+
+        // Start monitoring data usage per RAT type changes and NetworkStatsService records data
+        // by a granular subtype representative of the actual subtype
+        setCombineSubtypeEnabled(false);
+
+        mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
+        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        // Create some traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
+        // Append more traffic on existing snapshot.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 1)
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE,
+                        22L, 26L, 19L, 5L, 0L))
+                .addEntry(new NetworkStats.Entry(TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE,
+                        35L, 29L, 7L, 11L, 1L)));
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        // Verify traffic is split by RAT type, no increase on template with unknown RAT type
+        // and template with NETWORK_TYPE_ALL gets all stats.
+        assertUidTotal(template3g, UID_RED, 6L + 12L , 4L + 18L, 2L + 14L, 3L + 1L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(templateUnknown, UID_RED, 4L + 35L, 4L + 29L, 3L + 7L, 1L + 11L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(templateAll, UID_RED, 22L + 35L, 26L + 29L, 19L + 7L, 5L + 11L, 1);
+    }
+
     private static File getBaseDir(File statsDir) {
         File baseDir = new File(statsDir, "netstats");
         baseDir.mkdirs();
@@ -1405,6 +1516,10 @@
 
     private void forcePollAndWaitForIdle() {
         mServiceContext.sendBroadcast(new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_STATS_POLL));
+        waitForIdle();
+    }
+
+    private void waitForIdle() {
         HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c813269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.net;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.anyInt;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.eq;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.test.TestLooper;
+import android.telephony.PhoneStateListener;
+import android.telephony.ServiceState;
+import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
+import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.RatTypeListener;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitorTest {
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID1 = 3;
+    private static final int TEST_SUBID2 = 5;
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI1 = "466921234567890";
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI2 = "466920987654321";
+    private static final String TEST_IMSI3 = "466929999999999";
+
+    @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private PhoneStateListener mPhoneStateListener;
+    @Mock private SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
+    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
+    @Mock private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.Delegate mDelegate;
+    private final List<Integer> mTestSubList = new ArrayList<>();
+
+    private final Executor mExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    private NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor mMonitor;
+    private TestLooper mTestLooper = new TestLooper();
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
+
+        when(mTelephonyManager.createForSubscriptionId(anyInt())).thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
+
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE)))
+                .thenReturn(mSubscriptionManager);
+        when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE)))
+                .thenReturn(mTelephonyManager);
+
+        mMonitor = new NetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor(mContext, mTestLooper.getLooper(),
+                mExecutor, mDelegate);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartStop() {
+        // Verify that addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener() is never called before start().
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager, never())
+                .addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mExecutor, mMonitor);
+        mMonitor.start();
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager).addOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mExecutor, mMonitor);
+
+        // Verify that removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener() is never called before stop()
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager, never()).removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mMonitor);
+        mMonitor.stop();
+        verify(mSubscriptionManager).removeOnSubscriptionsChangedListener(mMonitor);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    private static int[] convertArrayListToIntArray(@NonNull List<Integer> arrayList) {
+        final int[] list = new int[arrayList.size()];
+        for (int i = 0; i < arrayList.size(); i++) {
+            list[i] = arrayList.get(i);
+        }
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    private void setRatTypeForSub(List<RatTypeListener> listeners,
+            int subId, int type) {
+        final ServiceState serviceState = mock(ServiceState.class);
+        when(serviceState.getDataNetworkType()).thenReturn(type);
+        final RatTypeListener match = CollectionUtils
+                .find(listeners, it -> it.getSubId() == subId);
+        if (match == null) {
+            fail("Could not find listener with subId: " + subId);
+        }
+        match.onServiceStateChanged(serviceState);
+    }
+
+    private void addTestSub(int subId, String subscriberId) {
+        // add SubId to TestSubList.
+        if (mTestSubList.contains(subId)) fail("The subscriber list already contains this ID");
+
+        mTestSubList.add(subId);
+
+        final int[] subList = convertArrayListToIntArray(mTestSubList);
+        when(mSubscriptionManager.getActiveAndHiddenSubscriptionIdList()).thenReturn(subList);
+        when(mTelephonyManager.getSubscriberId(subId)).thenReturn(subscriberId);
+        mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void removeTestSub(int subId) {
+        // Remove subId from TestSubList.
+        mTestSubList.removeIf(it -> it == subId);
+        final int[] subList = convertArrayListToIntArray(mTestSubList);
+        when(mSubscriptionManager.getActiveAndHiddenSubscriptionIdList()).thenReturn(subList);
+        mMonitor.onSubscriptionsChanged();
+    }
+
+    private void assertRatTypeChangedForSub(String subscriberId, int ratType) {
+        assertEquals(mMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(subscriberId), ratType);
+        final ArgumentCaptor<Integer> typeCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Integer.class);
+        // Verify callback with the subscriberId and the RAT type should be as expected.
+        // It will fail if get a callback with an unexpected RAT type.
+        verify(mDelegate).onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(eq(subscriberId), typeCaptor.capture());
+        final int type = typeCaptor.getValue();
+        assertEquals(ratType, type);
+    }
+
+    private void assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(String subscriberId, int ratType) {
+        assertEquals(mMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(subscriberId), ratType);
+        // Should never get callback with any RAT type.
+        verify(mDelegate, never()).onCollapsedRatTypeChanged(eq(subscriberId), anyInt());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSubChangedAndRatTypeChanged() {
+        final ArgumentCaptor<RatTypeListener> ratTypeListenerCaptor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(RatTypeListener.class);
+
+        mMonitor.start();
+        // Insert sim1, verify RAT type is NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN, and never get any callback
+        // before changing RAT type.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID1, TEST_IMSI1);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+
+        // Insert sim2.
+        addTestSub(TEST_SUBID2, TEST_IMSI2);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(2)).listen(ratTypeListenerCaptor.capture(),
+                eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_SERVICE_STATE));
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UMTS.
+        // Verify RAT type of sim1 after subscription gets onCollapsedRatTypeChanged() callback
+        // and others remain untouched.
+        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim2 to LTE.
+        // Verify RAT type of sim2 after subscription gets onCollapsedRatTypeChanged() callback
+        // and others remain untouched.
+        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID2,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Remove sim2 and verify that callbacks are fired and RAT type is correct for sim2.
+        // while the other two remain untouched.
+        removeTestSub(TEST_SUBID2);
+        verify(mTelephonyManager).listen(any(), eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI2, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeNotChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI3, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        // Set RAT type of sim1 to UNKNOWN. Then stop monitoring subscription changes
+        // and verify that the listener for sim1 is removed.
+        setRatTypeForSub(ratTypeListenerCaptor.getAllValues(), TEST_SUBID1,
+                TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+        reset(mDelegate);
+
+        mMonitor.stop();
+        verify(mTelephonyManager, times(2)).listen(any(), eq(PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_NONE));
+        assertRatTypeChangedForSub(TEST_IMSI1, TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat b/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat
index 6cd7499..f04b32f 100644
--- a/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat
+++ b/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 7 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 1 1448660 1041 31192 753 1448660 1041 0 0 0 0 31192 753 0 0 0 0
 8 v4-wlan0 0x0 10102 0 9702 16 2870 23 9702 16 0 0 0 0 2870 23 0 0 0 0
 9 v4-wlan0 0x0 10102 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-10 wlan0 0x0 0 0 11058671 7892 0 0 11043898 7811 13117 61 1656 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
+10 wlan0 0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 11 wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 12 wlan0 0x0 1000 0 6126 13 2013 16 5934 11 192 2 0 0 1821 14 192 2 0 0
 13 wlan0 0x0 1000 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
@@ -41,5 +41,3 @@
 41 dummy0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 42 lo 0x0 0 0 1288 16 1288 16 0 0 532 8 756 8 0 0 532 8 756 8
 43 lo 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-44 wlan0 0x0 1029 0 0 0 312046 5113 0 0 0 0 0 0 306544 5046 3230 38 2272 29
-45 wlan0 0x0 1029 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after b/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after
index 9f86153..12d98ca 100644
--- a/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after
+++ b/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_100mb_download_after
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 9 v4-wlan0 0x0 10057 1 728 7 392 7 0 0 728 7 0 0 0 0 392 7 0 0
 10 v4-wlan0 0x0 10106 0 2232 18 2232 18 0 0 2232 18 0 0 0 0 2232 18 0 0
 11 v4-wlan0 0x0 10106 1 432952718 314238 5442288 121260 432950238 314218 2480 20 0 0 5433900 121029 8388 231 0 0
-12 wlan0 0x0 0 0 440746376 329772 0 0 439660007 315369 232001 1276 854368 13127 0 0 0 0 0 0
+12 wlan0 0x0 0 0 330187296 250652 0 0 329106990 236273 226202 1255 854104 13124 0 0 0 0 0 0
 13 wlan0 0x0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 14 wlan0 0x0 1000 0 77113 272 56151 575 77113 272 0 0 0 0 19191 190 36960 385 0 0
 15 wlan0 0x0 1000 1 20227 80 8356 72 18539 74 1688 6 0 0 7562 66 794 6 0 0
diff --git a/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple b/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple
index b37fae6..a1d6d41 100644
--- a/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple
+++ b/tests/net/res/raw/xt_qtaguid_with_clat_simple
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 idx iface acct_tag_hex uid_tag_int cnt_set rx_bytes rx_packets tx_bytes tx_packets rx_tcp_bytes rx_tcp_packets rx_udp_bytes rx_udp_packets rx_other_bytes rx_other_packets tx_tcp_bytes tx_tcp_packets tx_udp_bytes tx_udp_packets tx_other_bytes tx_other_packets
 2 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 0 42600 213 4100 41 42600 213 0 0 0 0 4100 41 0 0 0 0
 3 v4-wlan0 0x0 10060 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-4 wlan0 0x0 0 0 46860 213 0 0 46860 213 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-5 wlan0 0x0 1029 0 0 0 4920 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 4920 41 0 0 0 0
+4 wlan0 0x0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0