diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index 1e004e4..1e5b6d5 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
-import android.net.shared.Inet4AddressUtils;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.math.BigInteger;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java b/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
index f24a9bd..a973455 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.compat.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
-import android.net.shared.InetAddressUtils;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+import com.android.net.module.util.InetAddressUtils;
 
 import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index e1bcb0c..ecb935e 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -220,6 +220,8 @@
 
 import com.google.android.collect.Lists;
 
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
 import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
 import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
 
@@ -4955,7 +4957,7 @@
                 Slog.w(TAG, "User " + userId + " has no Vpn configuration");
                 return null;
             }
-            return vpn.getLockdownWhitelist();
+            return vpn.getLockdownAllowlist();
         }
     }
 
@@ -7504,18 +7506,34 @@
     public void startNattKeepaliveWithFd(Network network, FileDescriptor fd, int resourceId,
             int intervalSeconds, ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb, String srcAddr,
             String dstAddr) {
-        mKeepaliveTracker.startNattKeepalive(
-                getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, resourceId,
-                intervalSeconds, cb,
-                srcAddr, dstAddr, NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT);
+        try {
+            mKeepaliveTracker.startNattKeepalive(
+                    getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, resourceId,
+                    intervalSeconds, cb,
+                    srcAddr, dstAddr, NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT);
+        } finally {
+            // FileDescriptors coming from AIDL calls must be manually closed to prevent leaks.
+            // startNattKeepalive calls Os.dup(fd) before returning, so we can close immediately.
+            if (fd != null && Binder.getCallingPid() != Process.myPid()) {
+                IoUtils.closeQuietly(fd);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
     public void startTcpKeepalive(Network network, FileDescriptor fd, int intervalSeconds,
             ISocketKeepaliveCallback cb) {
-        enforceKeepalivePermission();
-        mKeepaliveTracker.startTcpKeepalive(
-                getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, intervalSeconds, cb);
+        try {
+            enforceKeepalivePermission();
+            mKeepaliveTracker.startTcpKeepalive(
+                    getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, intervalSeconds, cb);
+        } finally {
+            // FileDescriptors coming from AIDL calls must be manually closed to prevent leaks.
+            // startTcpKeepalive calls Os.dup(fd) before returning, so we can close immediately.
+            if (fd != null && Binder.getCallingPid() != Process.myPid()) {
+                IoUtils.closeQuietly(fd);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index 7202f0f..a75a80a 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -21,23 +21,14 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.INTERNET;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER;
-import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
-import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK;
-import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_NONE;
-import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM;
-import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
-import static android.net.INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
 import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
-import static com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils.convertToIntArray;
-
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.Nullable;
-import android.app.ActivityManager;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
@@ -60,6 +51,7 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
 import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
 import com.android.server.LocalServices;
 import com.android.server.SystemConfig;
@@ -73,6 +65,7 @@
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.Set;
 
+
 /**
  * A utility class to inform Netd of UID permisisons.
  * Does a mass update at boot and then monitors for app install/remove.
@@ -121,13 +114,6 @@
         public int getDeviceFirstSdkInt() {
             return Build.VERSION.FIRST_SDK_INT;
         }
-
-        /**
-         * Check whether given uid has specific permission.
-         */
-        public int uidPermission(@NonNull final String permission, final int uid) {
-            return ActivityManager.checkUidPermission(permission, uid);
-        }
     }
 
     public PermissionMonitor(@NonNull final Context context, @NonNull final INetd netd) {
@@ -170,9 +156,8 @@
             }
             mAllApps.add(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
 
-            final boolean isNetwork = hasPermission(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, uid);
-            final boolean hasRestrictedPermission = hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(uid)
-                    || isCarryoverPackage(app.applicationInfo);
+            boolean isNetwork = hasNetworkPermission(app);
+            boolean hasRestrictedPermission = hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(app);
 
             if (isNetwork || hasRestrictedPermission) {
                 Boolean permission = mApps.get(uid);
@@ -184,7 +169,8 @@
             }
 
             //TODO: unify the management of the permissions into one codepath.
-            final int otherNetdPerms = getNetdPermissionMask(uid);
+            int otherNetdPerms = getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
+                    app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
             netdPermsUids.put(uid, netdPermsUids.get(uid) | otherNetdPerms);
         }
 
@@ -200,12 +186,13 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < systemPermission.size(); i++) {
             ArraySet<String> perms = systemPermission.valueAt(i);
             int uid = systemPermission.keyAt(i);
-            int netdPermission = PERMISSION_NONE;
+            int netdPermission = 0;
             // Get the uids of native services that have UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS or INTERNET permission.
             if (perms != null) {
                 netdPermission |= perms.contains(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)
-                        ? PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS : 0;
-                netdPermission |= perms.contains(INTERNET) ? PERMISSION_INTERNET : 0;
+                        ? INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS : 0;
+                netdPermission |= perms.contains(INTERNET)
+                        ? INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET : 0;
             }
             netdPermsUids.put(uid, netdPermsUids.get(uid) | netdPermission);
         }
@@ -220,34 +207,48 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean hasPermission(@NonNull final String permission, final int uid) {
-        return mDeps.uidPermission(permission, uid) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+    boolean hasPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app, @NonNull final String permission) {
+        if (app.requestedPermissions == null || app.requestedPermissionsFlags == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final int index = ArrayUtils.indexOf(app.requestedPermissions, permission);
+        if (index < 0 || index >= app.requestedPermissionsFlags.length) return false;
+        return (app.requestedPermissionsFlags[index] & REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED) != 0;
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    // TODO : remove this check in the future(b/162295056). All apps should just request the
-    // appropriate permission for their use case since android Q.
-    boolean isCarryoverPackage(@Nullable final ApplicationInfo appInfo) {
-        if (appInfo == null) return false;
-        return (appInfo.targetSdkVersion < VERSION_Q && isVendorApp(appInfo))
-                // Backward compatibility for b/114245686, on devices that launched before Q daemons
-                // and apps running as the system UID are exempted from this check.
-                || (appInfo.uid == SYSTEM_UID && mDeps.getDeviceFirstSdkInt() < VERSION_Q);
+    boolean hasNetworkPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app) {
+        return hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(final int uid) {
-        return hasPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, uid)
-                || hasPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK, uid)
-                || hasPermission(NETWORK_STACK, uid);
+    boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(@NonNull final PackageInfo app) {
+        // TODO : remove this check in the future(b/31479477). All apps should just
+        // request the appropriate permission for their use case since android Q.
+        if (app.applicationInfo != null) {
+            // Backward compatibility for b/114245686, on devices that launched before Q daemons
+            // and apps running as the system UID are exempted from this check.
+            if (app.applicationInfo.uid == SYSTEM_UID && mDeps.getDeviceFirstSdkInt() < VERSION_Q) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (app.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion < VERSION_Q
+                    && isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return hasPermission(app, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK)
+                || hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK)
+                || hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
     }
 
     /** Returns whether the given uid has using background network permission. */
     public synchronized boolean hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(final int uid) {
         // Apps with any of the CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL or
         // CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS permission has the permission to use background
-        // networks. mApps contains the result of checks for both CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE permission
-        // and hasRestrictedNetworkPermission. If uid is in the mApps list that means uid has one of
+        // networks. mApps contains the result of checks for both hasNetworkPermission and
+        // hasRestrictedNetworkPermission. If uid is in the mApps list that means uid has one of
         // permissions at least.
         return mApps.containsKey(uid);
     }
@@ -272,11 +273,11 @@
         }
         try {
             if (add) {
-                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForUser(PERMISSION_NETWORK, convertToIntArray(network));
-                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForUser(PERMISSION_SYSTEM, convertToIntArray(system));
+                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForUser(INetd.PERMISSION_NETWORK, toIntArray(network));
+                mNetd.networkSetPermissionForUser(INetd.PERMISSION_SYSTEM, toIntArray(system));
             } else {
-                mNetd.networkClearPermissionForUser(convertToIntArray(network));
-                mNetd.networkClearPermissionForUser(convertToIntArray(system));
+                mNetd.networkClearPermissionForUser(toIntArray(network));
+                mNetd.networkClearPermissionForUser(toIntArray(system));
             }
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             loge("Exception when updating permissions: " + e);
@@ -322,15 +323,14 @@
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
-    protected Boolean highestPermissionForUid(Boolean currentPermission, String name, int uid) {
+    protected Boolean highestPermissionForUid(Boolean currentPermission, String name) {
         if (currentPermission == SYSTEM) {
             return currentPermission;
         }
         try {
             final PackageInfo app = mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(name, GET_PERMISSIONS);
-            final boolean isNetwork = hasPermission(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, uid);
-            final boolean hasRestrictedPermission = hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(uid)
-                    || isCarryoverPackage(app.applicationInfo);
+            final boolean isNetwork = hasNetworkPermission(app);
+            final boolean hasRestrictedPermission = hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(app);
             if (isNetwork || hasRestrictedPermission) {
                 currentPermission = hasRestrictedPermission;
             }
@@ -342,14 +342,23 @@
     }
 
     private int getPermissionForUid(final int uid) {
+        int permission = INetd.PERMISSION_NONE;
         // Check all the packages for this UID. The UID has the permission if any of the
         // packages in it has the permission.
         final String[] packages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
-        if (packages == null || packages.length <= 0) {
+        if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
+            for (String name : packages) {
+                final PackageInfo app = getPackageInfo(name);
+                if (app != null && app.requestedPermissions != null) {
+                    permission |= getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
+                            app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
             // The last package of this uid is removed from device. Clean the package up.
-            return PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
+            permission = INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED;
         }
-        return getNetdPermissionMask(uid);
+        return permission;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -366,7 +375,7 @@
 
         // If multiple packages share a UID (cf: android:sharedUserId) and ask for different
         // permissions, don't downgrade (i.e., if it's already SYSTEM, leave it as is).
-        final Boolean permission = highestPermissionForUid(mApps.get(uid), packageName, uid);
+        final Boolean permission = highestPermissionForUid(mApps.get(uid), packageName);
         if (permission != mApps.get(uid)) {
             mApps.put(uid, permission);
 
@@ -422,7 +431,7 @@
         String[] packages = mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(uid);
         if (packages != null && packages.length > 0) {
             for (String name : packages) {
-                permission = highestPermissionForUid(permission, name, uid);
+                permission = highestPermissionForUid(permission, name);
                 if (permission == SYSTEM) {
                     // An app with this UID still has the SYSTEM permission.
                     // Therefore, this UID must already have the SYSTEM permission.
@@ -458,13 +467,19 @@
         sendPackagePermissionsForUid(uid, getPermissionForUid(uid));
     }
 
-    private int getNetdPermissionMask(final int uid) {
-        int permissions = PERMISSION_NONE;
-        if (hasPermission(INTERNET, uid)) {
-            permissions |= PERMISSION_INTERNET;
-        }
-        if (hasPermission(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, uid)) {
-            permissions |= PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+    private static int getNetdPermissionMask(String[] requestedPermissions,
+                                             int[] requestedPermissionsFlags) {
+        int permissions = 0;
+        if (requestedPermissions == null || requestedPermissionsFlags == null) return permissions;
+        for (int i = 0; i < requestedPermissions.length; i++) {
+            if (requestedPermissions[i].equals(INTERNET)
+                    && ((requestedPermissionsFlags[i] & REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED) != 0)) {
+                permissions |= INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
+            }
+            if (requestedPermissions[i].equals(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)
+                    && ((requestedPermissionsFlags[i] & REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED) != 0)) {
+                permissions |= INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS;
+            }
         }
         return permissions;
     }
@@ -633,19 +648,19 @@
         for (int i = 0; i < netdPermissionsAppIds.size(); i++) {
             int permissions = netdPermissionsAppIds.valueAt(i);
             switch(permissions) {
-                case (PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS):
+                case (INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS):
                     allPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
                     break;
-                case PERMISSION_INTERNET:
+                case INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET:
                     internetPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
                     break;
-                case PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS:
+                case INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS:
                     updateStatsPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
                     break;
-                case PERMISSION_NONE:
+                case INetd.PERMISSION_NONE:
                     noPermissionAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
                     break;
-                case PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED:
+                case INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED:
                     uninstalledAppIds.add(netdPermissionsAppIds.keyAt(i));
                 default:
                     Log.e(TAG, "unknown permission type: " + permissions + "for uid: "
@@ -656,24 +671,24 @@
             // TODO: add a lock inside netd to protect IPC trafficSetNetPermForUids()
             if (allPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
                 mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(
-                        PERMISSION_INTERNET | PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
-                        convertToIntArray(allPermissionAppIds));
+                        INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                        ArrayUtils.convertToIntArray(allPermissionAppIds));
             }
             if (internetPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
-                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_INTERNET,
-                        convertToIntArray(internetPermissionAppIds));
+                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET,
+                        ArrayUtils.convertToIntArray(internetPermissionAppIds));
             }
             if (updateStatsPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
-                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
-                        convertToIntArray(updateStatsPermissionAppIds));
+                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS,
+                        ArrayUtils.convertToIntArray(updateStatsPermissionAppIds));
             }
             if (noPermissionAppIds.size() != 0) {
-                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_NONE,
-                        convertToIntArray(noPermissionAppIds));
+                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(INetd.PERMISSION_NONE,
+                        ArrayUtils.convertToIntArray(noPermissionAppIds));
             }
             if (uninstalledAppIds.size() != 0) {
-                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED,
-                        convertToIntArray(uninstalledAppIds));
+                mNetd.trafficSetNetPermForUids(INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED,
+                        ArrayUtils.convertToIntArray(uninstalledAppIds));
             }
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Pass appId list of special permission failed." + e);
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java
index bd5533f..ab4726b 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/DhcpInfoTest.java
@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static android.net.shared.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTL;
-
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.parcelingRoundTrip;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.Inet4AddressUtils.inet4AddressToIntHTL;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
index 985e10d..9c0fc7c 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/IpPrefixTest.java
@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertEqualBothWays;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
index c74c112..60308e3 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkAddressTest.java
@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_SITE;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.RT_SCOPE_UNIVERSE;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertEqualBothWays;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
index 6eba62e..3c3076f 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/LinkPropertiesTest.java
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST;
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.parcelingRoundTrip;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index 3f8261d..e169312 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.UNRESTRICTED_CAPABILITIES;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
index 60cac0b..71689f9 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/RouteInfoTest.java
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 
 import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertEqualBothWays;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEqualBothWays;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertNotEqualEitherWay;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java
index 8480544..d50406f 100644
--- a/tests/net/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/common/java/android/net/apf/ApfCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net.apf;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt
index fa2b99c..165fd37 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt
+++ b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.kt
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License
  */
 
+@file:JvmName("ConnectivityServiceTestUtils")
+
 package com.android.server
 
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_BLUETOOTH
diff --git a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
index 0ffafd4..9f0b41f 100644
--- a/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
+++ b/tests/net/integration/util/com/android/server/NetworkAgentWrapper.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI_AWARE;
 
-import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtilsKt.transportToLegacyType;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.transportToLegacyType;
 
 import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityConstants;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtilsKt;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
 
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -265,6 +265,6 @@
     }
 
     public void waitForIdle(long timeoutMs) {
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, timeoutMs);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, timeoutMs);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
index 1d6c107..06e9405 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/ConnectivityDiagnosticsManagerTest.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityReport;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
index c9888b2..25e225e 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpSecConfigTest.java
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotSame;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.java
index cea8c57..835a83e 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/TcpKeepalivePacketDataTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelingIsLossless;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelingIsLossless;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
index 47afed4..2bce612 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/TelephonyNetworkSpecifierTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
index cf7587a..b0a9b8a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/nsd/NsdManagerTest.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.internal.util.AsyncChannel;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtilsKt;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 
     @After
     public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mServiceHandler, mTimeoutMs);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mServiceHandler, mTimeoutMs);
         mServiceHandler.chan.disconnect();
         mServiceHandler.stop();
         if (mManager != null) {
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
     }
 
     int verifyRequest(int expectedMessageType) {
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mServiceHandler, mTimeoutMs);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mServiceHandler, mTimeoutMs);
         verify(mServiceHandler, timeout(mTimeoutMs)).handleMessage(any());
         reset(mServiceHandler);
         Message received = mServiceHandler.getLastMessage();
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
index e5daa71..46597d1 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.internal.net;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtilsKt.assertParcelSane;
+import static com.android.testutils.ParcelUtils.assertParcelSane;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index e6346ea..285cbe5 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 
-import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtilsKt.transportToLegacyType;
-import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtilsKt.await;
-import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtilsKt.durationOf;
+import static com.android.server.ConnectivityServiceTestUtils.transportToLegacyType;
+import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.await;
+import static com.android.testutils.ConcurrentUtils.durationOf;
 import static com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils.ignoreExceptions;
-import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdleSerialExecutor;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertContainsExactly;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertEmpty;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertLength;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertRunsInAtMost;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.waitForIdleSerialExecutor;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsExactly;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertEmpty;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertLength;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertRunsInAtMost;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
@@ -242,7 +242,7 @@
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkPinner;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkPolicyManagerInternal;
 import com.android.testutils.ExceptionUtils;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtilsKt;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.RecorderCallback.CallbackEntry;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkCallback;
 
@@ -518,12 +518,12 @@
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle() {
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
         waitForIdle(mCellNetworkAgent, TIMEOUT_MS);
         waitForIdle(mWiFiNetworkAgent, TIMEOUT_MS);
         waitForIdle(mEthernetNetworkAgent, TIMEOUT_MS);
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(ConnectivityThread.get(), TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(ConnectivityThread.get(), TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle(TestNetworkAgentWrapper agent, long timeoutMs) {
@@ -614,8 +614,8 @@
             // Waits for the NetworkAgent to be registered, which includes the creation of the
             // NetworkMonitor.
             waitForIdle(TIMEOUT_MS);
-            HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-            HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(ConnectivityThread.get(), TIMEOUT_MS);
+            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+            HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(ConnectivityThread.get(), TIMEOUT_MS);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -7099,7 +7099,7 @@
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, wifiRequest, mContext.getPackageName());
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         verify(mIBinder).linkToDeath(any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo.class), anyInt());
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
@@ -7122,7 +7122,7 @@
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, wifiRequest, mContext.getPackageName());
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         verify(mIBinder).linkToDeath(any(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbackInfo.class), anyInt());
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).asBinder();
@@ -7133,7 +7133,7 @@
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, wifiRequest, mContext.getPackageName());
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         assertTrue(mService.mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallbacks.containsKey(mIBinder));
     }
@@ -7285,7 +7285,7 @@
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
                 .onConnectivityReportAvailable(argThat(report -> {
@@ -7305,7 +7305,7 @@
                 mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback, request, mContext.getPackageName());
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Connect the cell agent verify that it notifies TestNetworkCallback that it is available
         final TestNetworkCallback callback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -7322,7 +7322,7 @@
         setUpConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback();
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Verify onConnectivityReport fired
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onConnectivityReportAvailable(
@@ -7343,7 +7343,7 @@
         mCellNetworkAgent.notifyDataStallSuspected();
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Verify onDataStallSuspected fired
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback).onDataStallSuspected(
@@ -7364,7 +7364,7 @@
         mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, hasConnectivity);
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Verify onNetworkConnectivityReported fired
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
@@ -7374,7 +7374,7 @@
         mService.reportNetworkConnectivity(n, noConnectivity);
 
         // Block until all other events are done processing.
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mCsHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
 
         // Wait for onNetworkConnectivityReported to fire
         verify(mConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback)
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
index 508b5cd..753dbf8 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/DnsManagerTest.java
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_MODE;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.PRIVATE_DNS_SPECIFIER;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertContainsExactly;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertContainsStringsExactly;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertFieldCountEquals;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsExactly;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertContainsStringsExactly;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertFieldCountEquals;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
index aef9386..8ccea1a 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETADDRINFO;
 import static android.net.metrics.INetdEventListener.EVENT_GETHOSTBYNAME;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertStringContains;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertStringContains;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index 79343de..fdc6084 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -26,9 +26,10 @@
 import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_OEM;
 import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRODUCT;
 import static android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_VENDOR;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED;
+import static android.content.pm.PackageInfo.REQUESTED_PERMISSION_REQUIRED;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.MATCH_ANY_USER;
-import static android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.PermissionMonitor.NETWORK;
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@
     private static final int SYSTEM_UID1 = 1000;
     private static final int SYSTEM_UID2 = 1008;
     private static final int VPN_UID = 10002;
+    private static final String REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME = "android";
     private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE1 = "appName1";
     private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE2 = "appName2";
     private static final String SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 = "sysName1";
@@ -126,7 +128,6 @@
                         new UserInfo(MOCK_USER1, "", 0),
                         new UserInfo(MOCK_USER2, "", 0),
                 }));
-        doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mDeps).uidPermission(anyString(), anyInt());
 
         mPermissionMonitor = spy(new PermissionMonitor(mContext, mNetdService, mDeps));
 
@@ -139,15 +140,35 @@
         verify(mMockPmi).getPackageList(mPermissionMonitor);
     }
 
-    private boolean wouldBeCarryoverPackage(String partition, int targetSdkVersion, int uid) {
-        final PackageInfo packageInfo = buildPackageInfo(partition, uid, MOCK_USER1);
+    private boolean hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(String partition, int targetSdkVersion, int uid,
+            String... permissions) {
+        final PackageInfo packageInfo =
+                packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, partition);
         packageInfo.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = targetSdkVersion;
-        return mPermissionMonitor.isCarryoverPackage(packageInfo.applicationInfo);
+        packageInfo.applicationInfo.uid = uid;
+        return mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(packageInfo);
     }
 
-    private static PackageInfo packageInfoWithPartition(String partition) {
+    private static PackageInfo systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(String... permissions) {
+        return packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, PARTITION_SYSTEM);
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo vendorPackageInfoWithPermissions(String... permissions) {
+        return packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, PARTITION_VENDOR);
+    }
+
+    private static PackageInfo packageInfoWithPermissions(int permissionsFlags,
+            String[] permissions, String partition) {
+        int[] requestedPermissionsFlags = new int[permissions.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < permissions.length; i++) {
+            requestedPermissionsFlags[i] = permissionsFlags;
+        }
         final PackageInfo packageInfo = new PackageInfo();
+        packageInfo.requestedPermissions = permissions;
         packageInfo.applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
+        packageInfo.requestedPermissionsFlags = requestedPermissionsFlags;
         int privateFlags = 0;
         switch (partition) {
             case PARTITION_OEM:
@@ -164,145 +185,168 @@
         return packageInfo;
     }
 
-    private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(String partition, int uid, int userId) {
-        final PackageInfo pkgInfo = packageInfoWithPartition(partition);
+    private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(boolean hasSystemPermission, int uid, int userId) {
+        final PackageInfo pkgInfo;
+        if (hasSystemPermission) {
+            pkgInfo = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(
+                    CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+        } else {
+            pkgInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, new String[] {}, "");
+        }
         pkgInfo.applicationInfo.uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
         return pkgInfo;
     }
 
-    /** This will REMOVE all previously set permissions from given uid. */
-    private void removeAllPermissions(int uid) {
-        doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mDeps).uidPermission(anyString(), eq(uid));
-    }
-
-    /** Set up mocks so that given UID has the requested permissions. */
-    private void addPermissions(int uid, String... permissions) {
-        for (String permission : permissions) {
-            doReturn(PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
-                    .when(mDeps).uidPermission(eq(permission), eq(uid));
-        }
-    }
-
     @Test
     public void testHasPermission() {
-        addPermissions(MOCK_UID1);
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(NETWORK_STACK, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(
-                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL, MOCK_UID1));
+        PackageInfo app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
 
-        addPermissions(MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK);
-        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(NETWORK_STACK, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(
-                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MOCK_UID2));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(NETWORK_STACK, MOCK_UID2));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK);
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
 
-        addPermissions(MOCK_UID2, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(
-                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(
-                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, MOCK_UID2));
-        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL, MOCK_UID2));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        app = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_REQUIRED, new String[] {
+                CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL, NETWORK_STACK },
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        app.requestedPermissions = null;
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        app.requestedPermissionsFlags = null;
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasPermission(app, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testIsVendorApp() {
-        PackageInfo app = packageInfoWithPartition(PARTITION_SYSTEM);
+        PackageInfo app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
         assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
-        app = packageInfoWithPartition(PARTITION_OEM);
+        app = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED,
+                new String[] {}, PARTITION_OEM);
         assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
-        app = packageInfoWithPartition(PARTITION_PRODUCT);
+        app = packageInfoWithPermissions(REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED,
+                new String[] {}, PARTITION_PRODUCT);
         assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
-        app = packageInfoWithPartition(PARTITION_VENDOR);
+        app = vendorPackageInfoWithPermissions();
         assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.isVendorApp(app.applicationInfo));
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Remove all permissions from the uid then setup permissions to uid for checking restricted
-     * network permission.
-     */
-    private void assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(boolean hasPermission, int uid,
-            String... permissions) {
-        removeAllPermissions(uid);
-        addPermissions(uid, permissions);
-        assertEquals(hasPermission, mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(uid));
+    @Test
+    public void testHasNetworkPermission() {
+        PackageInfo app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        assertTrue(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(NETWORK_STACK);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
+        app = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasNetworkPermission(app));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermission() {
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(false, MOCK_UID1);
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(false, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(true, MOCK_UID1, NETWORK_STACK);
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(false, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(true, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(false, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_WIFI_STATE);
-        assertRestrictedNetworkPermission(true, MOCK_UID1, PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_WIFI_STATE));
 
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(MOCK_UID2));
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testIsCarryoverPackage() {
+    public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermissionSystemUid() {
         doReturn(VERSION_P).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
 
         doReturn(VERSION_Q).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertTrue(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_SYSTEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+    }
 
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_OEM, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_PRODUCT, VERSION_Q, SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_OEM, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
-        assertFalse(wouldBeCarryoverPackage(PARTITION_PRODUCT, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
+    @Test
+    public void testHasRestrictedNetworkPermissionVendorApp() {
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, NETWORK_STACK));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+        assertTrue(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_P, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_WIFI_STATE));
+
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL));
+        assertFalse(hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(
+                PARTITION_VENDOR, VERSION_Q, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE));
     }
 
     private void assertBackgroundPermission(boolean hasPermission, String name, int uid,
             String... permissions) throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(name), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, uid, MOCK_USER1));
-        addPermissions(uid, permissions);
+                .thenReturn(packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                        REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, PARTITION_SYSTEM));
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(name, uid);
         assertEquals(hasPermission, mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(uid));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testHasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission() throws Exception {
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(MOCK_UID1));
-        assertBackgroundPermission(false, "mock1", MOCK_UID1);
-        assertBackgroundPermission(false, "mock2", MOCK_UID1, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
-        assertBackgroundPermission(true, "mock3", MOCK_UID1, NETWORK_STACK);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(SYSTEM_UID));
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID, NETWORK_STACK);
 
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(MOCK_UID2));
-        assertBackgroundPermission(false, "mock4", MOCK_UID2);
-        assertBackgroundPermission(true, "mock5", MOCK_UID2,
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(MOCK_UID1));
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1,
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
 
-        doReturn(VERSION_Q).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
-        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(SYSTEM_UID));
-        assertBackgroundPermission(false, "system1", SYSTEM_UID);
-        assertBackgroundPermission(true, "system2", SYSTEM_UID, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
-        doReturn(VERSION_P).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
-        removeAllPermissions(SYSTEM_UID);
-        assertBackgroundPermission(true, "system3", SYSTEM_UID);
+        assertFalse(mPermissionMonitor.hasUseBackgroundNetworksPermission(MOCK_UID2));
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(false, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2,
+                CONNECTIVITY_INTERNAL);
+        assertBackgroundPermission(true, MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2, NETWORK_STACK);
     }
 
     private class NetdMonitor {
@@ -372,14 +416,13 @@
         // MOCK_UID1: MOCK_PACKAGE1 only has network permission.
         // SYSTEM_UID: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has system permission.
         // SYSTEM_UID: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 only has network permission.
-        doReturn(SYSTEM).when(mPermissionMonitor).highestPermissionForUid(eq(SYSTEM),
-                anyString(), anyInt());
+        doReturn(SYSTEM).when(mPermissionMonitor).highestPermissionForUid(eq(SYSTEM), anyString());
         doReturn(SYSTEM).when(mPermissionMonitor).highestPermissionForUid(any(),
-                eq(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1), anyInt());
+                eq(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1));
         doReturn(NETWORK).when(mPermissionMonitor).highestPermissionForUid(any(),
-                eq(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2), anyInt());
+                eq(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2));
         doReturn(NETWORK).when(mPermissionMonitor).highestPermissionForUid(any(),
-                eq(MOCK_PACKAGE1), anyInt());
+                eq(MOCK_PACKAGE1));
 
         // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect only have network permission.
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
@@ -430,15 +473,13 @@
     public void testUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates() throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
                 Arrays.asList(new PackageInfo[] {
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, SYSTEM_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, MOCK_UID2, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VPN_UID, MOCK_USER1)
+                        buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ true, SYSTEM_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, MOCK_UID2, MOCK_USER1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(/* SYSTEM */ false, VPN_UID, MOCK_USER1)
                 }));
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE1), eq(GET_PERMISSIONS))).thenReturn(
-                buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1));
-        addPermissions(SYSTEM_UID,
-                CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
+                buildPackageInfo(false, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1));
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
         // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID2 are under VPN.
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange1 = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
@@ -483,11 +524,11 @@
     public void testUidFilteringDuringPackageInstallAndUninstall() throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
                 Arrays.asList(new PackageInfo[] {
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, SYSTEM_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, VPN_UID, MOCK_USER1)
+                        buildPackageInfo(true, SYSTEM_UID1, MOCK_USER1),
+                        buildPackageInfo(false, VPN_UID, MOCK_USER1)
                 }));
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE1), eq(GET_PERMISSIONS))).thenReturn(
-                        buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1));
+                        buildPackageInfo(false, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1));
 
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
         final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER1));
@@ -592,10 +633,10 @@
 
     private PackageInfo setPackagePermissions(String packageName, int uid, String[] permissions)
             throws Exception {
-        final PackageInfo packageInfo = buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, uid, MOCK_USER1);
+        PackageInfo packageInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(
+                REQUESTED_PERMISSION_GRANTED, permissions, PARTITION_SYSTEM);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(packageName), anyInt())).thenReturn(packageInfo);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(eq(uid))).thenReturn(new String[]{packageName});
-        addPermissions(uid, permissions);
         return packageInfo;
     }
 
@@ -622,13 +663,14 @@
     public void testPackageInstallSharedUid() throws Exception {
         final NetdServiceMonitor mNetdServiceMonitor = new NetdServiceMonitor(mNetdService);
 
-        addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, new String[] {INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS});
+        PackageInfo packageInfo1 = addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1,
+                new String[] {INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS});
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET
                 | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         // Install another package with the same uid and no permissions should not cause the UID to
         // lose permissions.
-        final PackageInfo packageInfo2 = buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1);
+        PackageInfo packageInfo2 = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions();
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE2), anyInt())).thenReturn(packageInfo2);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1))
               .thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_PACKAGE2});
@@ -659,7 +701,6 @@
                 | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        removeAllPermissions(MOCK_UID1);
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
@@ -687,12 +728,10 @@
                 | INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
 
         // Mock another package with the same uid but different permissions.
-        final PackageInfo packageInfo2 = buildPackageInfo(PARTITION_SYSTEM, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_USER1);
+        PackageInfo packageInfo2 = systemPackageInfoWithPermissions(INTERNET);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackageInfo(eq(MOCK_PACKAGE2), anyInt())).thenReturn(packageInfo2);
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{
                 MOCK_PACKAGE2});
-        removeAllPermissions(MOCK_UID1);
-        addPermissions(MOCK_UID1, INTERNET);
 
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
@@ -704,6 +743,9 @@
         // necessary permission.
         final Context realContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
         final PermissionMonitor monitor = new PermissionMonitor(realContext, mNetdService);
-        assertTrue(monitor.hasPermission(CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS, SYSTEM_UID));
+        final PackageManager manager = realContext.getPackageManager();
+        final PackageInfo systemInfo = manager.getPackageInfo(REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME,
+                GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER);
+        assertTrue(monitor.hasPermission(systemInfo, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
index 4ccf79a..e8c4ee9 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
 import android.app.AppOpsManager;
 import android.app.NotificationManager;
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.IpSecManager;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
+import android.net.LocalSocket;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
@@ -74,6 +77,7 @@
 import android.net.VpnService;
 import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
 import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.ConditionVariable;
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Process;
@@ -101,13 +105,20 @@
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
 
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 /**
@@ -133,7 +144,8 @@
         managedProfileA.profileGroupId = primaryUser.id;
     }
 
-    static final String TEST_VPN_PKG = "com.dummy.vpn";
+    static final String EGRESS_IFACE = "wlan0";
+    static final String TEST_VPN_PKG = "com.testvpn.vpn";
     private static final String TEST_VPN_SERVER = "1.2.3.4";
     private static final String TEST_VPN_IDENTITY = "identity";
     private static final byte[] TEST_VPN_PSK = "psk".getBytes();
@@ -258,12 +270,12 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testUidWhiteAndBlacklist() throws Exception {
+    public void testUidAllowAndDenylist() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRange user = UidRange.createForUser(primaryUser.id);
         final String[] packages = {PKGS[0], PKGS[1], PKGS[2]};
 
-        // Whitelist
+        // Allowed list
         final Set<UidRange> allow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
                 Arrays.asList(packages), null);
         assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
@@ -271,7 +283,7 @@
             new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2])
         })), allow);
 
-        // Blacklist
+        // Denied list
         final Set<UidRange> disallow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(primaryUser.id,
                 null, Arrays.asList(packages));
         assertEquals(new ArraySet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
@@ -342,11 +354,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void testLockdownWhitelist() throws Exception {
+    public void testLockdownAllowlist() throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         final UidRange user = UidRange.createForUser(primaryUser.id);
 
-        // Set always-on with lockdown and whitelist app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
+        // Set always-on with lockdown and allow app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(true), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
@@ -356,7 +368,7 @@
         assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
 
-        // Change whitelisted app to PKGS[3].
+        // Change allowed app list to PKGS[3].
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
@@ -383,7 +395,7 @@
         assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[1], user.start + PKG_UIDS[2]);
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
 
-        // Remove the whitelist.
+        // Remove the list of allowed packages.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null, mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
                 new UidRange(user.start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, user.start + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
@@ -396,7 +408,7 @@
                 user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0]);
 
-        // Add the whitelist.
+        // Add the list of allowed packages.
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1]), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[] {
@@ -409,12 +421,12 @@
         assertBlocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[2], user.start + PKG_UIDS[3]);
         assertUnblocked(vpn, user.start + PKG_UIDS[0], user.start + PKG_UIDS[1]);
 
-        // Try whitelisting a package with a comma, should be rejected.
+        // Try allowing a package with a comma, should be rejected.
         assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d"), mKeyStore));
 
-        // Pass a non-existent packages in the whitelist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
-        // Whitelisted package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
+        // Pass a non-existent packages in the allowlist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
+        // allowed package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
         assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
                 PKGS[0], true, Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app"), mKeyStore));
         verify(mNetService).setAllowOnlyVpnForUids(eq(false), aryEq(new UidRange[]{
@@ -1012,31 +1024,190 @@
         // a subsequent CL.
     }
 
-    @Test
-    public void testStartLegacyVpn() throws Exception {
+    public Vpn startLegacyVpn(final VpnProfile vpnProfile) throws Exception {
         final Vpn vpn = createVpn(primaryUser.id);
         setMockedUsers(primaryUser);
 
         // Dummy egress interface
-        final String egressIface = "DUMMY0";
         final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.setInterfaceName(egressIface);
+        lp.setInterfaceName(EGRESS_IFACE);
 
         final RouteInfo defaultRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
-                        InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.0"), egressIface);
+                        InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.0"), EGRESS_IFACE);
         lp.addRoute(defaultRoute);
 
-        vpn.startLegacyVpn(mVpnProfile, mKeyStore, lp);
+        vpn.startLegacyVpn(vpnProfile, mKeyStore, lp);
+        return vpn;
+    }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testStartPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
+        startLegacyVpn(mVpnProfile);
         // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
-        // a subsequent CL.
+        // a subsequent patch.
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartRacoonNumericAddress() throws Exception {
+        startRacoon("1.2.3.4", "1.2.3.4");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartRacoonHostname() throws Exception {
+        startRacoon("hostname", "5.6.7.8"); // address returned by deps.resolve
+    }
+
+    public void startRacoon(final String serverAddr, final String expectedAddr)
+            throws Exception {
+        final ConditionVariable legacyRunnerReady = new ConditionVariable();
+        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile("testProfile" /* key */);
+        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK;
+        profile.name = "testProfileName";
+        profile.username = "userName";
+        profile.password = "thePassword";
+        profile.server = serverAddr;
+        profile.ipsecIdentifier = "id";
+        profile.ipsecSecret = "secret";
+        profile.l2tpSecret = "l2tpsecret";
+        when(mConnectivityManager.getAllNetworks())
+            .thenReturn(new Network[] { new Network(101) });
+        when(mConnectivityManager.registerNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(),
+                anyInt(), any(), anyInt())).thenAnswer(invocation -> {
+                    // The runner has registered an agent and is now ready.
+                    legacyRunnerReady.open();
+                    return new Network(102);
+                });
+        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(profile);
+        final TestDeps deps = (TestDeps) vpn.mDeps;
+        try {
+            // udppsk and 1701 are the values for TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK
+            assertArrayEquals(
+                    new String[] { EGRESS_IFACE, expectedAddr, "udppsk",
+                            profile.ipsecIdentifier, profile.ipsecSecret, "1701" },
+                    deps.racoonArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            // literal values are hardcoded in Vpn.java for mtpd args
+            assertArrayEquals(
+                    new String[] { EGRESS_IFACE, "l2tp", expectedAddr, "1701", profile.l2tpSecret,
+                            "name", profile.username, "password", profile.password,
+                            "linkname", "vpn", "refuse-eap", "nodefaultroute", "usepeerdns",
+                            "idle", "1800", "mtu", "1400", "mru", "1400" },
+                    deps.mtpdArgs.get(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+            // Now wait for the runner to be ready before testing for the route.
+            legacyRunnerReady.block(10_000);
+            // In this test the expected address is always v4 so /32
+            final RouteInfo expectedRoute = new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(expectedAddr + "/32"),
+                    RouteInfo.RTN_THROW);
+            assertTrue("Routes lack the expected throw route (" + expectedRoute + ") : "
+                    + vpn.mConfig.routes,
+                    vpn.mConfig.routes.contains(expectedRoute));
+        } finally {
+            // Now interrupt the thread, unblock the runner and clean up.
+            vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
+            deps.getStateFile().delete(); // set to delete on exit, but this deletes it earlier
+            vpn.mVpnRunner.join(10_000); // wait for up to 10s for the runner to die and cleanup
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class TestDeps extends Vpn.Dependencies {
+        public final CompletableFuture<String[]> racoonArgs = new CompletableFuture();
+        public final CompletableFuture<String[]> mtpdArgs = new CompletableFuture();
+        public final File mStateFile;
+
+        private final HashMap<String, Boolean> mRunningServices = new HashMap<>();
+
+        TestDeps() {
+            try {
+                mStateFile = File.createTempFile("vpnTest", ".tmp");
+                mStateFile.deleteOnExit();
+            } catch (final IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void startService(final String serviceName) {
+            mRunningServices.put(serviceName, true);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void stopService(final String serviceName) {
+            mRunningServices.put(serviceName, false);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isServiceRunning(final String serviceName) {
+            return mRunningServices.getOrDefault(serviceName, false);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean isServiceStopped(final String serviceName) {
+            return !isServiceRunning(serviceName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public File getStateFile() {
+            return mStateFile;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void sendArgumentsToDaemon(
+                final String daemon, final LocalSocket socket, final String[] arguments,
+                final Vpn.RetryScheduler interruptChecker) throws IOException {
+            if ("racoon".equals(daemon)) {
+                racoonArgs.complete(arguments);
+            } else if ("mtpd".equals(daemon)) {
+                writeStateFile(arguments);
+                mtpdArgs.complete(arguments);
+            } else {
+                throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported daemon : " + daemon);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private void writeStateFile(final String[] arguments) throws IOException {
+            mStateFile.delete();
+            mStateFile.createNewFile();
+            mStateFile.deleteOnExit();
+            final BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(
+                    new FileWriter(mStateFile, false /* append */));
+            writer.write(EGRESS_IFACE);
+            writer.write("\n");
+            // addresses
+            writer.write("10.0.0.1/24\n");
+            // routes
+            writer.write("192.168.6.0/24\n");
+            // dns servers
+            writer.write("192.168.6.1\n");
+            // search domains
+            writer.write("vpn.searchdomains.com\n");
+            // endpoint - intentionally empty
+            writer.write("\n");
+            writer.flush();
+            writer.close();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        @NonNull
+        public InetAddress resolve(final String endpoint) {
+            try {
+                // If a numeric IP address, return it.
+                return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress(endpoint);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Otherwise, return some token IP to test for.
+                return InetAddress.parseNumericAddress("5.6.7.8");
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public boolean checkInterfacePresent(final Vpn vpn, final String iface) {
+            return true;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Mock some methods of vpn object.
      */
     private Vpn createVpn(@UserIdInt int userId) {
-        return new Vpn(Looper.myLooper(), mContext, mNetService,
+        return new Vpn(Looper.myLooper(), mContext, new TestDeps(), mNetService,
                 userId, mKeyStore, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
index e83d2a9..fb0cfc0 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsCollectionTest.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.HOUR_IN_MILLIS;
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.MINUTE_IN_MILLIS;
 
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAssertsKt.assertThrows;
+import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
index a6f7a36..291efc7 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsObserversTest.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsServiceTest.LatchedHandler;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtilsKt;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 
 import org.junit.Before;
 import org.junit.Test;
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@
     }
 
     private void waitForObserverToIdle() {
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mObserverHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandler, WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mObserverHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandler, WAIT_TIMEOUT_MS);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index 1307a84..7abe189 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
 import com.android.internal.util.test.BroadcastInterceptingContext;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings;
 import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.NetworkStatsSettings.Config;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtilsKt;
+import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
 import com.android.testutils.TestableNetworkStatsProviderBinder;
 
 import libcore.io.IoUtils;
@@ -700,7 +700,7 @@
         when(mNetworkStatsSubscriptionsMonitor.getRatTypeForSubscriberId(anyString()))
                 .thenReturn(ratType);
         mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@
         long minThresholdInBytes = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2 MB
         assertEquals(minThresholdInBytes, request.thresholdInBytes);
 
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
 
         // Make sure that the caller binder gets connected
         verify(mBinder).linkToDeath(any(IBinder.DeathRecipient.class), anyInt());
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
 
         // Simulates alert quota of the provider has been reached.
         cb.notifyAlertReached();
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
 
         // Verifies that polling is triggered by alert reached.
         provider.expectOnRequestStatsUpdate(0 /* unused */);
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@
         // Call handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged manually to simulate the callback fired
         // when stopping monitor, this is needed by NetworkStatsService to trigger updateIfaces.
         mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
         // Create some traffic.
         incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
         // Append more traffic on existing snapshot.
@@ -1286,7 +1286,7 @@
         setCombineSubtypeEnabled(false);
 
         mService.handleOnCollapsedRatTypeChanged();
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
         // Create some traffic.
         incrementCurrentTime(MINUTE_IN_MILLIS);
         // Append more traffic on existing snapshot.
@@ -1520,7 +1520,7 @@
     }
 
     private void waitForIdle() {
-        HandlerUtilsKt.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
     }
 
     static class LatchedHandler extends Handler {