diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index 7c0fb91..0c883be 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
- * A utility class to inform Netd of UID permisisons.
+ * A utility class to inform Netd of UID permissions.
  * Does a mass update at boot and then monitors for app install/remove.
  *
  * @hide
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
     @GuardedBy("this")
     private final Set<UserHandle> mUsers = new HashSet<>();
 
-    // Keys are app uids. Values are true for SYSTEM permission and false for NETWORK permission.
+    // Keys are appIds. Values are true for SYSTEM permission and false for NETWORK permission.
     @GuardedBy("this")
     private final Map<Integer, Boolean> mApps = new HashMap<>();
 
@@ -237,31 +237,32 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        SparseIntArray netdPermsUids = new SparseIntArray();
+        final SparseIntArray netdPermsAppIds = new SparseIntArray();
 
         for (PackageInfo app : apps) {
             int uid = app.applicationInfo != null ? app.applicationInfo.uid : INVALID_UID;
             if (uid < 0) {
                 continue;
             }
-            mAllApps.add(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
+            final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+            mAllApps.add(appId);
 
-            boolean isNetwork = hasNetworkPermission(app);
+            boolean hasNetworkPermission = hasNetworkPermission(app);
             boolean hasRestrictedPermission = hasRestrictedNetworkPermission(app);
 
-            if (isNetwork || hasRestrictedPermission) {
-                Boolean permission = mApps.get(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
+            if (hasNetworkPermission || hasRestrictedPermission) {
+                final Boolean permission = mApps.get(appId);
                 // If multiple packages share a UID (cf: android:sharedUserId) and ask for different
                 // permissions, don't downgrade (i.e., if it's already SYSTEM, leave it as is).
                 if (permission == null || permission == NETWORK) {
-                    mApps.put(UserHandle.getAppId(uid), hasRestrictedPermission);
+                    mApps.put(appId, hasRestrictedPermission);
                 }
             }
 
             //TODO: unify the management of the permissions into one codepath.
             int otherNetdPerms = getNetdPermissionMask(app.requestedPermissions,
                     app.requestedPermissionsFlags);
-            netdPermsUids.put(uid, netdPermsUids.get(uid) | otherNetdPerms);
+            netdPermsAppIds.put(appId, netdPermsAppIds.get(appId) | otherNetdPerms);
         }
 
         mUsers.addAll(mUserManager.getUserHandles(true /* excludeDying */));
@@ -275,13 +276,13 @@
             final int[] hasPermissionUids =
                     mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(systemPermission);
             for (int j = 0; j < hasPermissionUids.length; j++) {
-                final int uid = hasPermissionUids[j];
-                netdPermsUids.put(uid, netdPermsUids.get(uid) | netdPermission);
+                final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(hasPermissionUids[j]);
+                netdPermsAppIds.put(appId, netdPermsAppIds.get(appId) | netdPermission);
             }
         }
         log("Users: " + mUsers.size() + ", Apps: " + mApps.size());
         update(mUsers, mApps, true);
-        sendPackagePermissionsToNetd(netdPermsUids);
+        sendPackagePermissionsToNetd(netdPermsAppIds);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -473,13 +474,11 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public synchronized void onPackageAdded(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
-        // TODO: Netd is using appId for checking traffic permission. Correct the methods that are
-        //  using appId instead of uid actually
-        sendPackagePermissionsForUid(UserHandle.getAppId(uid), getPermissionForUid(uid));
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+        sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(appId, getPermissionForUid(uid));
 
         // If multiple packages share a UID (cf: android:sharedUserId) and ask for different
         // permissions, don't downgrade (i.e., if it's already SYSTEM, leave it as is).
-        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
         final Boolean permission = highestPermissionForUid(mApps.get(appId), packageName);
         if (permission != mApps.get(appId)) {
             mApps.put(appId, permission);
@@ -528,9 +527,8 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public synchronized void onPackageRemoved(@NonNull final String packageName, final int uid) {
-        // TODO: Netd is using appId for checking traffic permission. Correct the methods that are
-        //  using appId instead of uid actually
-        sendPackagePermissionsForUid(UserHandle.getAppId(uid), getPermissionForUid(uid));
+        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
+        sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(appId, getPermissionForUid(uid));
 
         // If the newly-removed package falls within some VPN's uid range, update Netd with it.
         // This needs to happen before the mApps update below, since removeBypassingUids() depends
@@ -545,7 +543,7 @@
         }
         // If the package has been removed from all users on the device, clear it form mAllApps.
         if (mPackageManager.getNameForUid(uid) == null) {
-            mAllApps.remove(UserHandle.getAppId(uid));
+            mAllApps.remove(appId);
         }
 
         Map<Integer, Boolean> apps = new HashMap<>();
@@ -557,7 +555,6 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        final int appId = UserHandle.getAppId(uid);
         if (permission == mApps.get(appId)) {
             // The permissions of this UID have not changed. Nothing to do.
             return;
@@ -718,27 +715,25 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Called by PackageListObserver when a package is installed/uninstalled. Send the updated
-     * permission information to netd.
+     * Send the updated permission information to netd. Called upon package install/uninstall.
      *
-     * @param uid the app uid of the package installed
+     * @param appId the appId of the package installed
      * @param permissions the permissions the app requested and netd cares about.
      *
      * @hide
      */
     @VisibleForTesting
-    void sendPackagePermissionsForUid(int uid, int permissions) {
+    void sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(int appId, int permissions) {
         SparseIntArray netdPermissionsAppIds = new SparseIntArray();
-        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(uid, permissions);
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(appId, permissions);
         sendPackagePermissionsToNetd(netdPermissionsAppIds);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Called by packageManagerService to send IPC to netd. Grant or revoke the INTERNET
-     * and/or UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS permission of the uids in array.
+     * Grant or revoke the INTERNET and/or UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS permission of the appIds in array.
      *
-     * @param netdPermissionsAppIds integer pairs of uids and the permission granted to it. If the
-     * permission is 0, revoke all permissions of that uid.
+     * @param netdPermissionsAppIds integer pairs of appIds and the permission granted to it. If the
+     * permission is 0, revoke all permissions of that appId.
      *
      * @hide
      */
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index 31f65d7..b7b3e29 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.intThat;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
@@ -79,7 +80,6 @@
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.provider.Settings;
-import android.util.ArraySet;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
@@ -101,11 +101,8 @@
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 
 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
-import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
 
@@ -113,13 +110,19 @@
 @SmallTest
 @DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
 public class PermissionMonitorTest {
-    private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER1 = UserHandle.of(0);
-    private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER2 = UserHandle.of(1);
-    private static final int MOCK_UID1 = 10001;
-    private static final int MOCK_UID2 = 10086;
-    private static final int SYSTEM_UID1 = 1000;
-    private static final int SYSTEM_UID2 = 1008;
-    private static final int VPN_UID = 10002;
+    private static final int MOCK_USER_ID1 = 0;
+    private static final int MOCK_USER_ID2 = 1;
+    private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER1 = UserHandle.of(MOCK_USER_ID1);
+    private static final UserHandle MOCK_USER2 = UserHandle.of(MOCK_USER_ID2);
+    private static final int MOCK_APPID1 = 10001;
+    private static final int MOCK_APPID2 = 10086;
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APPID1 = 1100;
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APPID2 = 1108;
+    private static final int VPN_APPID = 10002;
+    private static final int MOCK_UID1 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID1);
+    private static final int MOCK_UID2 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_APPID2);
+    private static final int SYSTEM_APP_UID1 = MOCK_USER1.getUid(SYSTEM_APPID1);
+    private static final int VPN_UID = MOCK_USER1.getUid(VPN_APPID);
     private static final String REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME = "android";
     private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE1 = "appName1";
     private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE2 = "appName2";
@@ -149,8 +152,7 @@
         MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
         when(mContext.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPackageManager);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(eq(Context.USER_SERVICE))).thenReturn(mUserManager);
-        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(eq(true))).thenReturn(
-                Arrays.asList(new UserHandle[] { MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2 }));
+        when(mUserManager.getUserHandles(eq(true))).thenReturn(List.of(MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2));
         when(mContext.getSystemServiceName(SystemConfigManager.class))
                 .thenReturn(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE);
         when(mContext.getSystemService(Context.SYSTEM_CONFIG_SERVICE))
@@ -163,7 +165,7 @@
         final Context asUserCtx = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
         doReturn(UserHandle.ALL).when(asUserCtx).getUser();
         when(mContext.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.ALL), anyInt())).thenReturn(asUserCtx);
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(new ArraySet<>());
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
         // Set DEVICE_INITIAL_SDK_INT to Q that SYSTEM_UID won't have restricted network permission
         // by default.
         doReturn(VERSION_Q).when(mDeps).getDeviceFirstSdkInt();
@@ -460,22 +462,19 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testIsAppAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks() {
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(new ArraySet<>());
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of());
         assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID1));
         assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID2));
 
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID1 }));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(MOCK_UID1));
         assertTrue(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID1));
         assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID2));
 
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID2 }));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(MOCK_UID2));
         assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID1));
         assertTrue(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID2));
 
-        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { 123 }));
+        mPermissionMonitor.updateUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(Set.of(123));
         assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID1));
         assertFalse(wouldBeUidAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(MOCK_UID2));
     }
@@ -592,81 +591,87 @@
     @Test
     public void testUserAndPackageAddRemove() throws Exception {
         // MOCK_UID1: MOCK_PACKAGE1 only has network permission.
-        // SYSTEM_UID: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has system permission.
-        // SYSTEM_UID: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 only has network permission.
+        // SYSTEM_APP_UID1: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has system permission.
+        // SYSTEM_APP_UID1: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 only has network permission.
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
-        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID,
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID1,
                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS);
-        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_UID, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
+        buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APP_UID1,
+                CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
 
         // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect only have network permission.
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER1);
-        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_UID);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_UID);
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
-        // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, expect permission escalate.
-        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_UID);
+        // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, expect permission upgrade.
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER2);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
         // Remove SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect keep system permission.
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_USER1.getUid(SYSTEM_UID)))
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(SYSTEM_APP_UID1))
                 .thenReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE1});
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_USER2.getUid(SYSTEM_UID)))
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_USER2.getUid(SYSTEM_APPID1)))
                 .thenReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE1});
         removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APPID1);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
         // Add SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, expect keep system permission.
-        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_UID);
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2,
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
-        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                MOCK_UID1);
+                MOCK_APPID1);
 
-        // Remove MOCK_UID1, expect no permission left for all user.
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_UID1)))
+        // Remove MOCK_PACKAGE1, expect no permission left for all user.
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_USER2.getUid(MOCK_APPID1)))
                 .thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_USER2.getUid(MOCK_UID1)))
-                .thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID1);
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // Remove SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, expect permission downgrade.
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(anyInt())).thenReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE2});
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(
+                intThat(uid -> UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == SYSTEM_APPID1)))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{SYSTEM_PACKAGE2});
         removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APPID1);
         mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
-                SYSTEM_UID);
+                SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(MOCK_USER1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_UID);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, SYSTEM_APPID1);
 
         // Remove all packages, expect no permission left.
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(anyInt())).thenReturn(new String[]{});
-        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_UID);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(
-                new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_UID, MOCK_UID1);
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(
+                intThat(uid -> UserHandle.getAppId(uid) == SYSTEM_APPID1)))
+                .thenReturn(new String[]{});
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_APPID1,
+                MOCK_APPID1);
 
-        // Remove last user, expect no redundant clearPermission is invoked.
+        // Remove last user, expect no permission change.
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(MOCK_USER2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(
-                new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_UID, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, SYSTEM_APPID1,
+                MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testUidFilteringDuringVpnConnectDisconnectAndUidUpdates() throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                                 CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                         buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
                         buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2),
@@ -674,25 +679,22 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
         // Every app on user 0 except MOCK_UID2 are under VPN.
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange1 = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(new UidRange[] {
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange1 = Set.of(
                 new UidRange(0, MOCK_UID2 - 1),
-                new UidRange(MOCK_UID2 + 1, UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1)}));
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange2 = Collections.singleton(new UidRange(MOCK_UID2, MOCK_UID2));
+                new UidRange(MOCK_UID2 + 1, UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange2 = Set.of(new UidRange(MOCK_UID2, MOCK_UID2));
 
         // When VPN is connected, expect a rule to be set up for user app MOCK_UID1
         mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded("tun0", vpnRange1, VPN_UID);
-        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"),
-                aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
+        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID1}));
 
         reset(mNetdService);
 
         // When MOCK_UID1 package is uninstalled and reinstalled, expect Netd to be updated
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(
-                MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_UID1));
-        verify(mNetdService).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_UID1));
-        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"),
-                aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        verify(mNetdService).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID1}));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID1}));
 
         reset(mNetdService);
 
@@ -701,8 +703,7 @@
         mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesRemoved("tun0", vpnRange1, VPN_UID);
         verify(mNetdService).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
         mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded("tun0", vpnRange2, VPN_UID);
-        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"),
-                aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID2}));
+        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID2}));
 
         reset(mNetdService);
 
@@ -715,23 +716,21 @@
     @Test
     public void testUidFilteringDuringPackageInstallAndUninstall() throws Exception {
         when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(eq(GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER))).thenReturn(
-                List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
+                List.of(buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE1, SYSTEM_APP_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                                 NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS),
                         buildPackageInfo(SYSTEM_PACKAGE2, VPN_UID)));
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
 
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Collections.singleton(UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER1));
+        final Set<UidRange> vpnRange = Set.of(UidRange.createForUser(MOCK_USER1));
         mPermissionMonitor.onVpnUidRangesAdded("tun0", vpnRange, VPN_UID);
 
         // Newly-installed package should have uid rules added
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_UID1));
-        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"),
-                aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
+        verify(mNetdService).firewallAddUidInterfaceRules(eq("tun0"), aryEq(new int[]{MOCK_UID1}));
 
         // Removed package should have its uid rules removed
-        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(
-                MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_USER1.getUid(MOCK_UID1));
+        mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         verify(mNetdService).firewallRemoveUidInterfaceRules(aryEq(new int[] {MOCK_UID1}));
     }
 
@@ -739,108 +738,108 @@
     // Normal package add/remove operations will trigger multiple intent for uids corresponding to
     // each user. To simulate generic package operations, the onPackageAdded/Removed will need to be
     // called multiple times with the uid corresponding to each user.
-    private void addPackageForUsers(UserHandle[] users, String packageName, int uid) {
+    private void addPackageForUsers(UserHandle[] users, String packageName, int appId) {
         for (final UserHandle user : users) {
-            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, user.getUid(uid));
+            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageAdded(packageName, user.getUid(appId));
         }
     }
 
-    private void removePackageForUsers(UserHandle[] users, String packageName, int uid) {
+    private void removePackageForUsers(UserHandle[] users, String packageName, int appId) {
         for (final UserHandle user : users) {
-            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(packageName, user.getUid(uid));
+            mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(packageName, user.getUid(appId));
         }
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackagePermissionUpdate() throws Exception {
-        // MOCK_UID1: MOCK_PACKAGE1 only has internet permission.
-        // MOCK_UID2: MOCK_PACKAGE2 does not have any permission.
-        // SYSTEM_UID1: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has internet permission and update device stats permission.
-        // SYSTEM_UID2: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 has only update device stats permission.
+        // MOCK_APPID1: MOCK_PACKAGE1 only has internet permission.
+        // MOCK_APPID2: MOCK_PACKAGE2 does not have any permission.
+        // SYSTEM_APPID1: SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 has internet permission and update device stats permission
+        // SYSTEM_APPID2: SYSTEM_PACKAGE2 has only update device stats permission.
         SparseIntArray netdPermissionsAppIds = new SparseIntArray();
-        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(MOCK_UID1, PERMISSION_INTERNET);
-        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(MOCK_UID2, PERMISSION_NONE);
-        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(SYSTEM_UID1, PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL);
-        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(SYSTEM_UID2, PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(MOCK_APPID1, PERMISSION_INTERNET);
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(MOCK_APPID2, PERMISSION_NONE);
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(SYSTEM_APPID1, PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL);
+        netdPermissionsAppIds.put(SYSTEM_APPID2, PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
 
         // Send the permission information to netd, expect permission updated.
         mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsToNetd(netdPermissionsAppIds);
 
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, SYSTEM_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, SYSTEM_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, SYSTEM_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, SYSTEM_APPID2);
 
-        // Update permission of MOCK_UID1, expect new permission show up.
-        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForUid(MOCK_UID1, PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        // Update permission of MOCK_APPID1, expect new permission show up.
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(MOCK_APPID1, PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
-        // Change permissions of SYSTEM_UID2, expect new permission show up and old permission
+        // Change permissions of SYSTEM_APPID2, expect new permission show up and old permission
         // revoked.
-        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForUid(SYSTEM_UID2, PERMISSION_INTERNET);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, SYSTEM_UID2);
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(SYSTEM_APPID2, PERMISSION_INTERNET);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, SYSTEM_APPID2);
 
-        // Revoke permission from SYSTEM_UID1, expect no permission stored.
-        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForUid(SYSTEM_UID1, PERMISSION_NONE);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, SYSTEM_UID1);
+        // Revoke permission from SYSTEM_APPID1, expect no permission stored.
+        mPermissionMonitor.sendPackagePermissionsForAppId(SYSTEM_APPID1, PERMISSION_NONE);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, SYSTEM_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackageInstall() throws Exception {
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2, INTERNET);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID2);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackageInstallSharedUid() throws Exception {
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
-        // Install another package with the same uid and no permissions should not cause the UID to
-        // lose permissions.
+        // Install another package with the same uid and no permissions should not cause the app id
+        // to lose permissions.
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackageUninstallBasic() throws Exception {
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackageRemoveThenAdd() throws Exception {
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackageUpdate() throws Exception {
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testPackageUninstallWithMultiplePackages() throws Exception {
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // Install another package with the same uid but different permissions.
         addPackage(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET);
@@ -850,7 +849,7 @@
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(eq(MOCK_UID1)))
                 .thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE2});
         mPermissionMonitor.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -867,15 +866,15 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testUpdateUidPermissionsFromSystemConfig() throws Exception {
-        when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(anyInt())).thenReturn(new ArrayList<>());
+        when(mPackageManager.getInstalledPackages(anyInt())).thenReturn(List.of());
         when(mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(eq(INTERNET)))
                 .thenReturn(new int[]{ MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2 });
         when(mSystemConfigManager.getSystemPermissionUids(eq(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)))
                 .thenReturn(new int[]{ MOCK_UID2 });
 
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID2);
     }
 
     private BroadcastReceiver expectBroadcastReceiver(String... actions) {
@@ -905,15 +904,15 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, INTERNET,
                 UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
         receiver.onReceive(mContext, addedIntent);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // Verify receiving PACKAGE_REMOVED intent.
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(null);
+        when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{});
         final Intent removedIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED,
                 Uri.fromParts("package", MOCK_PACKAGE1, null /* fragment */));
         removedIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, MOCK_UID1);
         receiver.onReceive(mContext, removedIntent);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UNINSTALLED, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     private ContentObserver expectRegisterContentObserver(Uri expectedUri) {
@@ -936,24 +935,22 @@
 
         // MOCK_UID1 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID1
         // should have SYSTEM permission.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID1 }));
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID1));
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
 
         // MOCK_UID2 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID2
         // should have SYSTEM permission but MOCK_UID1 should revoke permission.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID2 }));
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID2));
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // No uid lists in setting, should revoke permission from all uids.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(new ArraySet<>());
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -966,25 +963,24 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1);
 
         // MOCK_PACKAGE1 have CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, MOCK_UID1 should have NETWORK permission.
-        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
+        addPackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // MOCK_UID1 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID1
         // should upgrade to SYSTEM permission.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID1 }));
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID1));
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // No app lists in setting, MOCK_UID1 should downgrade to NETWORK permission.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(new ArraySet<>());
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // MOCK_PACKAGE1 removed, should revoke permission from MOCK_UID1.
         when(mPackageManager.getPackagesForUid(MOCK_UID1)).thenReturn(new String[]{MOCK_PACKAGE2});
-        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
+        removePackageForUsers(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -999,37 +995,39 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2);
 
         // MOCK_UID1 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID1
-        // in MOCK_USER1 should have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_UID2 has no permissions.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID1 }));
+        // should have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_UID2 has no permissions.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID1));
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
 
         // Add user MOCK_USER2.
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserAdded(MOCK_USER2);
-        // MOCK_UID1 in both users should all have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_UID2 has no
+        // MOCK_APPID1 in both users should all have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_APPID2 has no
         // permissions in either user.
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID2);
 
-        // MOCK_UID2 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_UID2
-        // in both users should have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_UID1 has no permissions.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(
-                new ArraySet<>(new Integer[] { MOCK_UID2 }));
+        // MOCK_UID2 is listed in setting that allow to use restricted networks, MOCK_APPID2
+        // in both users should have SYSTEM permission and MOCK_APPID1 has no permissions in either
+        // user.
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of(MOCK_UID2));
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2},
+                MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1, MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // Remove user MOCK_USER1
         mPermissionMonitor.onUserRemoved(MOCK_USER1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
 
         // No uid lists in setting, should revoke permission from all uids.
-        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(new ArraySet<>());
+        when(mDeps.getUidsAllowedOnRestrictedNetworks(any())).thenReturn(Set.of());
         contentObserver.onChange(true /* selfChange */);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER2}, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1044,8 +1042,8 @@
                 List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
                         buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2)));
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_UID1, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID1, MOCK_APPID2);
 
         // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
         final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
@@ -1056,10 +1054,10 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID2, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                 UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
         receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_APPID2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1083,10 +1081,10 @@
         externalIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST,
                 new String[] { MOCK_PACKAGE1 , MOCK_PACKAGE2});
         receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID2);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_UID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID2);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_APPID2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1102,8 +1100,8 @@
                 List.of(buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1),
                         buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1)));
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNoNetworkPerm(new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_NONE, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
         final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
@@ -1111,8 +1109,8 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE);
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS);
         receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -1130,8 +1128,8 @@
                         buildPackageInfo(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                                 INTERNET)));
         mPermissionMonitor.startMonitoring();
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(NETWORK, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_INTERNET, MOCK_APPID1);
 
         // Verify receiving EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE intent and update permission to netd.
         final Intent externalIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
@@ -1141,7 +1139,7 @@
         buildAndMockPackageInfoWithPermissions(MOCK_PACKAGE2, MOCK_UID1, CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE,
                 INTERNET);
         receiver.onReceive(mContext, externalIntent);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_UID1);
-        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_UID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectNetworkPerm(SYSTEM, new UserHandle[]{MOCK_USER1}, MOCK_APPID1);
+        mNetdMonitor.expectTrafficPerm(PERMISSION_TRAFFIC_ALL, MOCK_APPID1);
     }
 }