diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
index 74ba209..ebc9d26 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinator.java
@@ -1473,6 +1473,15 @@
             // to Objects.hash() to avoid autoboxing overhead.
             return Objects.hash(upstreamIfindex, downstreamIfindex, address, srcMac, dstMac);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "upstreamIfindex: " + upstreamIfindex
+                    + ", downstreamIfindex: " + downstreamIfindex
+                    + ", address: " + address.getHostAddress()
+                    + ", srcMac: " + srcMac
+                    + ", dstMac: " + dstMac;
+        }
     }
 
     /** Tethering client information class. */
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java
index d8e631e..2c6054d 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetrics.java
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@
                     .setUserType(userTypeToEnum(callerPkg))
                     .setUpstreamType(UpstreamType.UT_UNKNOWN)
                     .setErrorCode(ErrorCode.EC_NO_ERROR)
+                    .setUpstreamEvents(UpstreamEvents.newBuilder())
+                    .setDurationMillis(0)
                     .build();
         mBuilderMap.put(downstreamType, statsBuilder);
     }
@@ -110,7 +112,8 @@
                 reported.getErrorCode().getNumber(),
                 reported.getDownstreamType().getNumber(),
                 reported.getUpstreamType().getNumber(),
-                reported.getUserType().getNumber());
+                reported.getUserType().getNumber(),
+                null, 0);
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Write errorCode: " + reported.getErrorCode().getNumber()
                     + ", downstreamType: " + reported.getDownstreamType().getNumber()
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/stats.proto b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/stats.proto
index 46a47af..27f2126 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/stats.proto
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/stats.proto
@@ -21,12 +21,38 @@
 
 import "frameworks/proto_logging/stats/enums/stats/connectivity/tethering.proto";
 
+// Logs each upstream for a successful switch over
+message UpstreamEvent {
+  // Transport type of upstream network
+  optional .android.stats.connectivity.UpstreamType upstream_type = 1;
+
+  // A time period that an upstream continued
+  optional int64 duration_millis = 2;
+}
+
+message UpstreamEvents {
+  repeated UpstreamEvent upstream_event = 1;
+}
+
 /**
  * Logs Tethering events
  */
 message NetworkTetheringReported {
-   optional .android.stats.connectivity.ErrorCode error_code = 1;
-   optional .android.stats.connectivity.DownstreamType downstream_type = 2;
-   optional .android.stats.connectivity.UpstreamType upstream_type = 3;
-   optional .android.stats.connectivity.UserType user_type = 4;
+    // Tethering error code
+    optional .android.stats.connectivity.ErrorCode error_code = 1;
+
+    // Tethering downstream type
+    optional .android.stats.connectivity.DownstreamType downstream_type = 2;
+
+    // Transport type of upstream network
+    optional .android.stats.connectivity.UpstreamType upstream_type = 3  [deprecated = true];
+
+    // The user type of switching tethering
+    optional .android.stats.connectivity.UserType user_type = 4;
+
+    // Log each transport type of upstream network event
+    optional UpstreamEvents upstream_events = 5;
+
+    // A time period that a downstreams exists
+    optional int64 duration_millis = 6;
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
index ac92b43..bbca565 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/BpfCoordinatorTest.java
@@ -2092,4 +2092,11 @@
         assertNull(mBpfUpstream4Map.getValue(upstream4KeyB));
         assertNull(mBpfDownstream4Map.getValue(downstream4KeyB));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testIpv6ForwardingRuleToString() throws Exception {
+        final Ipv6ForwardingRule rule = buildTestForwardingRule(UPSTREAM_IFINDEX, NEIGH_A, MAC_A);
+        assertEquals("upstreamIfindex: 1001, downstreamIfindex: 1003, address: 2001:db8::1, "
+                + "srcMac: 12:34:56:78:90:ab, dstMac: 00:00:00:00:00:0a", rule.toString());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java
index 6a85718..7fdde97 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/metrics/TetheringMetricsTest.java
@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@
                 .setUserType(user)
                 .setUpstreamType(UpstreamType.UT_UNKNOWN)
                 .setErrorCode(error)
+                .setUpstreamEvents(UpstreamEvents.newBuilder())
+                .setDurationMillis(0)
                 .build();
         verify(mTetheringMetrics).write(expectedReport);
     }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
index 350ed86..48e5092 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/NetworkIdentity.java
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
 import android.util.proto.ProtoOutputStream;
 
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
-import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkIdentityUtils;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
         if (oemManaged == OEM_NONE) {
             return "OEM_NONE";
         }
-        final int[] bitPositions = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(oemManaged);
+        final int[] bitPositions = BitUtils.unpackBits(oemManaged);
         final ArrayList<String> oemManagedNames = new ArrayList<String>();
         for (int position : bitPositions) {
             oemManagedNames.add(nameOfOemManaged(1 << position));
diff --git a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
index d0cbbe5..e07601f 100644
--- a/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
+++ b/framework/src/android/net/NetworkCapabilities.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder;
 
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.LongDef;
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 import android.util.Range;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
 
@@ -217,7 +219,7 @@
         if (hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_ENTERPRISE) && mEnterpriseId == 0) {
             return new int[]{NET_ENTERPRISE_ID_1};
         }
-        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mEnterpriseId);
+        return BitUtils.unpackBits(mEnterpriseId);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -643,7 +645,7 @@
      * Network capabilities that are expected to be mutable, i.e., can change while a particular
      * network is connected.
      */
-    private static final long MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+    private static final long MUTABLE_CAPABILITIES = BitUtils.packBitList(
             // TRUSTED can change when user explicitly connects to an untrusted network in Settings.
             // http://b/18206275
             NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
@@ -678,7 +680,7 @@
     /**
      * Capabilities that are set by default when the object is constructed.
      */
-    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+    private static final long DEFAULT_CAPABILITIES = BitUtils.packBitList(
             NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN);
@@ -687,7 +689,7 @@
      * Capabilities that are managed by ConnectivityService.
      */
     private static final long CONNECTIVITY_MANAGED_CAPABILITIES =
-            NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+            BitUtils.packBitList(
                     NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED,
                     NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL,
                     NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND,
@@ -700,7 +702,7 @@
      * INTERNET, IMS, SUPL, etc.
      */
     private static final long TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_CAPABILITIES =
-            NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+            BitUtils.packBitList(
             NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED,
             NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED,
@@ -800,7 +802,7 @@
      * @return an array of capability values for this instance.
      */
     public @NonNull @NetCapability int[] getCapabilities() {
-        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mNetworkCapabilities);
+        return BitUtils.unpackBits(mNetworkCapabilities);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -810,7 +812,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public @NetCapability int[] getForbiddenCapabilities() {
-        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities);
+        return BitUtils.unpackBits(mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities);
     }
 
 
@@ -822,8 +824,8 @@
      */
     public void setCapabilities(@NetCapability int[] capabilities,
             @NetCapability int[] forbiddenCapabilities) {
-        mNetworkCapabilities = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(capabilities);
-        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(forbiddenCapabilities);
+        mNetworkCapabilities = BitUtils.packBits(capabilities);
+        mForbiddenNetworkCapabilities = BitUtils.packBits(forbiddenCapabilities);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -960,7 +962,7 @@
                 & NON_REQUESTABLE_CAPABILITIES;
 
         if (nonRequestable != 0) {
-            return capabilityNameOf(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(nonRequestable)[0]);
+            return capabilityNameOf(BitUtils.unpackBits(nonRequestable)[0]);
         }
         if (mLinkUpBandwidthKbps != 0 || mLinkDownBandwidthKbps != 0) return "link bandwidth";
         if (hasSignalStrength()) return "signalStrength";
@@ -1193,7 +1195,7 @@
      * Allowed transports on an unrestricted test network (in addition to TRANSPORT_TEST).
      */
     private static final long UNRESTRICTED_TEST_NETWORKS_ALLOWED_TRANSPORTS =
-            NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBitList(
+            BitUtils.packBitList(
                     TRANSPORT_TEST,
                     // Test eth networks are created with EthernetManager#setIncludeTestInterfaces
                     TRANSPORT_ETHERNET,
@@ -1258,7 +1260,7 @@
      */
     @SystemApi
     @NonNull public @Transport int[] getTransportTypes() {
-        return NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(mTransportTypes);
+        return BitUtils.unpackBits(mTransportTypes);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1268,7 +1270,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     public void setTransportTypes(@Transport int[] transportTypes) {
-        mTransportTypes = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(transportTypes);
+        mTransportTypes = BitUtils.packBits(transportTypes);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -2041,9 +2043,9 @@
         long oldImmutableCapabilities = this.mNetworkCapabilities & mask;
         long newImmutableCapabilities = that.mNetworkCapabilities & mask;
         if (oldImmutableCapabilities != newImmutableCapabilities) {
-            String before = capabilityNamesOf(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(
+            String before = capabilityNamesOf(BitUtils.unpackBits(
                     oldImmutableCapabilities));
-            String after = capabilityNamesOf(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(
+            String after = capabilityNamesOf(BitUtils.unpackBits(
                     newImmutableCapabilities));
             joiner.add(String.format("immutable capabilities changed: %s -> %s", before, after));
         }
@@ -2064,6 +2066,36 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Returns a short but human-readable string of updates from an older set of capabilities.
+     * @param old the old capabilities to diff from
+     * @return a string fit for logging differences, or null if no differences.
+     *         this never returns the empty string.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String describeCapsDifferencesFrom(@Nullable final NetworkCapabilities old) {
+        final long oldCaps = null == old ? 0 : old.mNetworkCapabilities;
+        final long changed = oldCaps ^ mNetworkCapabilities;
+        if (0 == changed) return null;
+        // If the control reaches here, there are changes (additions, removals, or both) so
+        // the code below is guaranteed to add something to the string and can't return "".
+        final long removed = oldCaps & changed;
+        final long added = mNetworkCapabilities & changed;
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        if (0 != removed) {
+            sb.append("-");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, removed,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::capabilityNameOf, "-");
+        }
+        if (0 != added) {
+            sb.append("+");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, added,
+                    NetworkCapabilities::capabilityNameOf, "+");
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Checks that our requestable capabilities are the same as those of the given
      * {@code NetworkCapabilities}.
      *
@@ -2313,32 +2345,6 @@
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
-
-    private interface NameOf {
-        String nameOf(int value);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @hide
-     */
-    public static void appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(@NonNull StringBuilder sb,
-            long bitMask, @NonNull NameOf nameFetcher, @NonNull String separator) {
-        int bitPos = 0;
-        boolean firstElementAdded = false;
-        while (bitMask != 0) {
-            if ((bitMask & 1) != 0) {
-                if (firstElementAdded) {
-                    sb.append(separator);
-                } else {
-                    firstElementAdded = true;
-                }
-                sb.append(nameFetcher.nameOf(bitPos));
-            }
-            bitMask >>= 1;
-            ++bitPos;
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * @hide
      */
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
index fc76ae5..8f6df21 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficController.cpp
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void TrafficController::dump(int fd, bool verbose) {
+void TrafficController::dump(int fd, bool verbose __unused) {
     std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
     DumpWriter dw(fd);
 
@@ -623,31 +623,6 @@
                getMapStatus(mConfigurationMap.getMap(), CONFIGURATION_MAP_PATH).c_str());
     dw.println("mUidOwnerMap status: %s",
                getMapStatus(mUidOwnerMap.getMap(), UID_OWNER_MAP_PATH).c_str());
-
-    if (!verbose) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    dw.blankline();
-    dw.println("BPF map content:");
-
-    ScopedIndent indentForMapContent(dw);
-
-    // Print CookieTagMap content.
-    // TagSocketTest in CTS was using the output of mCookieTagMap dump.
-    // So, mCookieTagMap dump can not be removed until the previous CTS support period is over.
-    dumpBpfMap("mCookieTagMap", dw, "");
-    const auto printCookieTagInfo = [&dw](const uint64_t& key, const UidTagValue& value,
-                                          const BpfMap<uint64_t, UidTagValue>&) {
-        dw.println("cookie=%" PRIu64 " tag=0x%x uid=%u", key, value.tag, value.uid);
-        return base::Result<void>();
-    };
-    base::Result<void> res = mCookieTagMap.iterateWithValue(printCookieTagInfo);
-    if (!res.ok()) {
-        dw.println("mCookieTagMap print end with error: %s", res.error().message().c_str());
-    }
-
-    dw.blankline();
 }
 
 }  // namespace net
diff --git a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
index 6cb0940..57f32af 100644
--- a/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
+++ b/service/native/TrafficControllerTest.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@
 constexpr uid_t TEST_UID3 = 98765;
 constexpr uint32_t TEST_TAG = 42;
 constexpr uint32_t TEST_COUNTERSET = 1;
-constexpr int TEST_COOKIE = 1;
 constexpr int TEST_IFINDEX = 999;
 constexpr int RXPACKETS = 1;
 constexpr int RXBYTES = 100;
@@ -769,46 +768,6 @@
     expectPrivilegedUserSetEmpty();
 }
 
-TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, TestDumpsys) {
-    StatsKey tagStatsMapKey;
-    populateFakeStats(TEST_COOKIE, TEST_UID, TEST_TAG, &tagStatsMapKey);
-    populateFakeCounterSet(TEST_UID3, TEST_COUNTERSET);
-
-    // Expect: (part of this depends on hard-code values in populateFakeStats())
-    //
-    // mCookieTagMap:
-    // cookie=1 tag=0x2a uid=10086
-    //
-    // mUidCounterSetMap:
-    // 98765 1
-    //
-    // mAppUidStatsMap::
-    // uid rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets
-    // 10086 100 1 0 0
-    //
-    // mStatsMapA:
-    // ifaceIndex ifaceName tag_hex uid_int cnt_set rxBytes rxPackets txBytes txPackets
-    // 999 test0 0x2a 10086 1 100 1 0 0
-    std::vector<std::string> expectedLines = {
-        "mCookieTagMap:",
-        fmt::format("cookie={} tag={:#x} uid={}", TEST_COOKIE, TEST_TAG, TEST_UID)};
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(expectDumpsysContains(expectedLines));
-}
-
-TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, dumpsysInvalidMaps) {
-    makeTrafficControllerMapsInvalid();
-
-    const std::string kErrIterate = "print end with error: Get firstKey map -1 failed: "
-            "Bad file descriptor";
-    const std::string kErrReadRulesConfig = "read ownerMatch configure failed with error: "
-            "Read value of map -1 failed: Bad file descriptor";
-
-    std::vector<std::string> expectedLines = {
-        fmt::format("mCookieTagMap {}", kErrIterate)};
-    EXPECT_TRUE(expectDumpsysContains(expectedLines));
-}
-
 TEST_F(TrafficControllerTest, getFirewallType) {
     static const struct TestConfig {
         ChildChain childChain;
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
index d560747..aea2103 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/BpfNetMaps.java
@@ -1022,11 +1022,25 @@
         }
         mDeps.nativeDump(fd, verbose);
 
+        pw.println();
+        pw.println("sEnableJavaBpfMap: " + sEnableJavaBpfMap);
         if (verbose) {
+            pw.println();
+            pw.println("BPF map content:");
+            pw.increaseIndent();
+
             dumpOwnerMatchConfig(pw);
             dumpCurrentStatsMapConfig(pw);
             pw.println();
 
+            // TODO: Remove CookieTagMap content dump
+            // NetworkStatsService also dumps CookieTagMap and NetworkStatsService is a right place
+            // to dump CookieTagMap. But the TagSocketTest in CTS depends on this dump so the tests
+            // need to be updated before remove the dump from BpfNetMaps.
+            BpfDump.dumpMap(sCookieTagMap, pw, "sCookieTagMap",
+                    (key, value) -> "cookie=" + key.socketCookie
+                            + " tag=0x" + Long.toHexString(value.tag)
+                            + " uid=" + value.uid);
             BpfDump.dumpMap(sUidOwnerMap, pw, "sUidOwnerMap",
                     (uid, match) -> {
                         if ((match.rule & IIF_MATCH) != 0) {
@@ -1038,6 +1052,7 @@
                     });
             BpfDump.dumpMap(sUidPermissionMap, pw, "sUidPermissionMap",
                     (uid, permission) -> uid.val + " " + permissionToString(permission.val));
+            pw.decreaseIndent();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index f8b47d2..e732001 100755
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -249,13 +249,13 @@
 import com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.net.module.util.BaseNetdUnsolicitedEventListener;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.DeviceConfigUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.InterfaceParams;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareOrUpdateResult;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LinkPropertiesUtils.CompareResult;
 import com.android.net.module.util.LocationPermissionChecker;
-import com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PerUidCounter;
 import com.android.net.module.util.PermissionUtils;
 import com.android.net.module.util.TcUtils;
@@ -7843,7 +7843,7 @@
             @NonNull NetworkCapabilities agentCaps, @NonNull NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
         underlyingNetworks = underlyingNetworksOrDefault(
                 agentCaps.getOwnerUid(), underlyingNetworks);
-        long transportTypes = NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.packBits(agentCaps.getTransportTypes());
+        long transportTypes = BitUtils.packBits(agentCaps.getTransportTypes());
         int downKbps = NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
         int upKbps = NetworkCapabilities.LINK_BANDWIDTH_UNSPECIFIED;
         // metered if any underlying is metered, or originally declared metered by the agent.
@@ -7896,7 +7896,7 @@
             suspended = false;
         }
 
-        newNc.setTransportTypes(NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits(transportTypes));
+        newNc.setTransportTypes(BitUtils.unpackBits(transportTypes));
         newNc.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(downKbps);
         newNc.setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(upKbps);
         newNc.setCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_METERED, !metered);
@@ -8008,6 +8008,10 @@
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         NetworkCapabilities newNc = mixInCapabilities(nai, nc);
         if (Objects.equals(nai.networkCapabilities, newNc)) return;
+        final String differences = newNc.describeCapsDifferencesFrom(nai.networkCapabilities);
+        if (null != differences) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Update capabilities for net " + nai.network + " : " + differences);
+        }
         updateNetworkPermissions(nai, newNc);
         final NetworkCapabilities prevNc = nai.getAndSetNetworkCapabilities(newNc);
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
index aec4a71..2303894 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScore.java
@@ -23,7 +23,10 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE;
 import static android.net.NetworkScore.POLICY_YIELD_TO_BAD_WIFI;
 
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkScore;
@@ -333,6 +336,35 @@
                 + 5 * mKeepConnectedReason;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns a short but human-readable string of updates from an older score.
+     * @param old the old capabilities to diff from
+     * @return a string fit for logging differences, or null if no differences.
+     *         this method cannot return the empty string.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public String describeDifferencesFrom(@Nullable final FullScore old) {
+        final long oldPolicies = null == old ? 0 : old.mPolicies;
+        final long changed = oldPolicies ^ mPolicies;
+        if (0 == changed) return null;
+        // If the control reaches here, there are changes (additions, removals, or both) so
+        // the code below is guaranteed to add something to the string and can't return "".
+        final long removed = oldPolicies & changed;
+        final long added = mPolicies & changed;
+        final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        if (0 != removed) {
+            sb.append("-");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, removed,
+                    FullScore::policyNameOf, "-");
+        }
+        if (0 != added) {
+            sb.append("+");
+            appendStringRepresentationOfBitMaskToStringBuilder(sb, added,
+                    FullScore::policyNameOf, "+");
+        }
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
     // Example output :
     // Score(Policies : EVER_USER_SELECTED&IS_VALIDATED ; KeepConnected : )
     @Override
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
index 2e92d43..85282cb 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/NetworkAgentInfo.java
@@ -1003,9 +1003,7 @@
             @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) {
         final NetworkCapabilities oldNc = networkCapabilities;
         networkCapabilities = nc;
-        mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig, everValidated(),
-                0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(),
-                0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime, isDestroyed());
+        updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate();
         final NetworkMonitorManager nm = mNetworkMonitor;
         if (nm != null) {
             nm.notifyNetworkCapabilitiesChanged(nc);
@@ -1207,9 +1205,11 @@
      * Mix-in the ConnectivityService-managed bits in the score.
      */
     public void setScore(final NetworkScore score) {
+        final FullScore oldScore = mScore;
         mScore = FullScore.fromNetworkScore(score, networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
                 everValidated(), 0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(),
                 0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime, isDestroyed());
+        maybeLogDifferences(oldScore);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -1218,9 +1218,22 @@
      * Call this after changing any data that might affect the score (e.g., agent config).
      */
     public void updateScoreForNetworkAgentUpdate() {
+        final FullScore oldScore = mScore;
         mScore = mScore.mixInScore(networkCapabilities, networkAgentConfig,
                 everValidated(), 0L != getAvoidUnvalidated(), yieldToBadWiFi(),
                 0L != mFirstEvaluationConcludedTime, isDestroyed());
+        maybeLogDifferences(oldScore);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints score differences to logcat, if any.
+     * @param oldScore the old score. Differences from |oldScore| to |this| are logged, if any.
+     */
+    public void maybeLogDifferences(final FullScore oldScore) {
+        final String differences = mScore.describeDifferencesFrom(oldScore);
+        if (null != differences) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "Update score for net " + network + " : " + differences);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
index c30e1d3..7b374d2 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/NetworkCapabilitiesTest.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_BANDWIDTH;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_PRIORITIZE_LATENCY;
+import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TRUSTED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_WIFI_P2P;
@@ -1370,4 +1371,23 @@
 
         assertEquals(expectedNcBuilder.build(), restrictedNc);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDescribeCapsDifferences() throws Exception {
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc1 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_MMS)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_OEM_PAID)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        final NetworkCapabilities nc2 = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_SUPL)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED)
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
+                .build();
+        assertEquals("-MMS-OEM_PAID+SUPL+VALIDATED+CAPTIVE_PORTAL",
+                nc2.describeCapsDifferencesFrom(nc1));
+        assertEquals("-SUPL-VALIDATED-CAPTIVE_PORTAL+MMS+OEM_PAID",
+                nc1.describeCapsDifferencesFrom(nc2));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
index 93cf748..b6e9b95 100644
--- a/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
+++ b/tests/common/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLogTest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
 
-import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkCapabilitiesUtils.unpackBits;
+import static com.android.net.module.util.BitUtils.unpackBits;
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
index 122eb15..776e49f 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/EthernetManagerTest.kt
@@ -103,7 +103,10 @@
 import kotlin.test.fail
 
 private const val TAG = "EthernetManagerTest"
-private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 2000L
+// This timeout does not affect the test duration for passing tests. It needs to be long enough to
+// account for RS delay (and potentially the first retry interval (4s)). There have been failures
+// where the interface did not gain provisioning within the allotted timeout.
+private const val TIMEOUT_MS = 10_000L
 // Timeout used to confirm no callbacks matching given criteria are received. Must be long enough to
 // process all callbacks including ip provisioning when using the updateConfiguration API.
 // Note that increasing this timeout increases the test duration.
@@ -303,8 +306,8 @@
             available.completeExceptionally(IllegalStateException("onUnavailable was called"))
         }
 
-        fun expectOnAvailable(): String {
-            return available.get(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        fun expectOnAvailable(timeout: Long = TIMEOUT_MS): String {
+            return available.get(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
         }
 
         fun expectOnUnavailable() {
@@ -447,14 +450,18 @@
     }
 
     private fun requestNetwork(request: NetworkRequest): TestableNetworkCallback {
-        return TestableNetworkCallback().also {
+        return TestableNetworkCallback(
+                timeoutMs = TIMEOUT_MS,
+                noCallbackTimeoutMs = NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS).also {
             cm.requestNetwork(request, it)
             registeredCallbacks.add(it)
         }
     }
 
     private fun registerNetworkListener(request: NetworkRequest): TestableNetworkCallback {
-        return TestableNetworkCallback().also {
+        return TestableNetworkCallback(
+                timeoutMs = TIMEOUT_MS,
+                noCallbackTimeoutMs = NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS).also {
             cm.registerNetworkCallback(request, it)
             registeredCallbacks.add(it)
         }
@@ -523,18 +530,18 @@
 
     // It can take multiple seconds for the network to become available.
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.expectAvailable() =
-            expectCallback<Available>(anyNetwork(), 5000 /* ms timeout */).network
+            expectCallback<Available>().network
 
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.expectLost(n: Network = anyNetwork()) =
-            expectCallback<Lost>(n, 5000 /* ms timeout */)
+            expectCallback<Lost>(n)
 
     // b/233534110: eventuallyExpect<Lost>() does not advance ReadHead, use
     // eventuallyExpect(Lost::class) instead.
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.eventuallyExpectLost(n: Network? = null) =
-        eventuallyExpect(Lost::class, TIMEOUT_MS) { n?.equals(it.network) ?: true }
+        eventuallyExpect(Lost::class) { n?.equals(it.network) ?: true }
 
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.assertNeverLost(n: Network? = null) =
-        assertNoCallbackThat(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        assertNoCallbackThat() {
             it is Lost && (n?.equals(it.network) ?: true)
         }
 
@@ -548,7 +555,7 @@
 
     private fun TestableNetworkCallback.eventuallyExpectCapabilities(nc: NetworkCapabilities) {
         // b/233534110: eventuallyExpect<CapabilitiesChanged>() does not advance ReadHead.
-        eventuallyExpect(CapabilitiesChanged::class, TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        eventuallyExpect(CapabilitiesChanged::class) {
             // CS may mix in additional capabilities, so NetworkCapabilities#equals cannot be used.
             // Check if all expected capabilities are present instead.
             it is CapabilitiesChanged && nc.capabilities.all { c -> it.caps.hasCapability(c) }
@@ -559,7 +566,7 @@
         config: StaticIpConfiguration
     ) {
         // b/233534110: eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged>() does not advance ReadHead.
-        eventuallyExpect(LinkPropertiesChanged::class, TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        eventuallyExpect(LinkPropertiesChanged::class) {
             it is LinkPropertiesChanged && it.lp.linkAddresses.any { la ->
                 la.isSameAddressAs(config.ipAddress)
             }
@@ -623,7 +630,7 @@
         // see aosp/2123900.
         try {
             // assumeException does not exist.
-            requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable()
+            requestTetheredInterface().expectOnAvailable(NO_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT_MS)
             // interface used for tethering is available, throw an assumption error.
             assumeTrue(false)
         } catch (e: TimeoutException) {
@@ -836,7 +843,7 @@
         val iface = createInterface()
         val cb = requestNetwork(ETH_REQUEST)
         // b/233534110: eventuallyExpect<LinkPropertiesChanged>() does not advance ReadHead
-        cb.eventuallyExpect(LinkPropertiesChanged::class, TIMEOUT_MS) {
+        cb.eventuallyExpect(LinkPropertiesChanged::class) {
             it is LinkPropertiesChanged && it.lp.addresses.any {
                 address -> iface.onLinkPrefix.contains(address)
             }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
index 8a537be..679427a 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/app/usage/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,16 @@
 
 package android.app.usage;
 
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO;
 import static android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_YES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE;
+import static android.net.NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE;
 import static android.net.NetworkTemplate.MATCH_WIFI;
 
@@ -34,7 +43,6 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
 import android.net.INetworkStatsSession;
 import android.net.NetworkStats.Entry;
@@ -86,31 +94,17 @@
         final int uid2 = 10002;
         final int uid3 = 10003;
 
-        Entry uid1Entry1 = new Entry("if1", uid1,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO, android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
-                100, 10, 200, 20, 0);
+        Entry uid1Entry1 = new Entry("if1", uid1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 100, 10, 200, 20, 0);
 
-        Entry uid1Entry2 = new Entry(
-                "if2", uid1,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO, android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
-                100, 10, 200, 20, 0);
+        Entry uid1Entry2 = new Entry("if2", uid1, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 100, 10, 200, 20, 0);
 
-        Entry uid2Entry1 = new Entry("if1", uid2,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO, android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
-                150, 10, 250, 20, 0);
+        Entry uid2Entry1 = new Entry("if1", uid2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 150, 10, 250, 20, 0);
 
-        Entry uid2Entry2 = new Entry(
-                "if2", uid2,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.SET_DEFAULT, android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.METERED_NO, android.net.NetworkStats.ROAMING_NO,
-                android.net.NetworkStats.DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,
-                150, 10, 250, 20, 0);
+        Entry uid2Entry2 = new Entry("if2", uid2, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 150, 10, 250, 20, 0);
 
         NetworkStatsHistory history1 = new NetworkStatsHistory(10, 2);
         history1.recordData(10, 20, uid1Entry1);
@@ -125,9 +119,8 @@
         when(mStatsSession.getRelevantUids()).thenReturn(new int[] { uid1, uid2, uid3 });
 
         when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
-                eq(uid1), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
-                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
-                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime)))
+                eq(uid1), eq(SET_ALL), eq(TAG_NONE),
+                eq(FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime)))
                 .then((InvocationOnMock inv) -> {
                     NetworkTemplate template = inv.getArgument(0);
                     assertEquals(MATCH_MOBILE_ALL, template.getMatchRule());
@@ -136,9 +129,8 @@
                 });
 
         when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
-                eq(uid2), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
-                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
-                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime)))
+                eq(uid2), eq(SET_ALL), eq(TAG_NONE),
+                eq(FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime)))
                 .then((InvocationOnMock inv) -> {
                     NetworkTemplate template = inv.getArgument(0);
                     assertEquals(MATCH_MOBILE_ALL, template.getMatchRule());
@@ -148,7 +140,7 @@
 
 
         NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryDetails(
-                ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID, startTime, endTime);
+                TYPE_MOBILE, TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID, startTime, endTime);
 
         NetworkStats.Bucket bucket = new NetworkStats.Bucket();
 
@@ -202,35 +194,34 @@
 
         verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getHistoryIntervalForUid(
                 eq(expectedTemplate),
-                eq(uid1), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
-                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
-                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+                eq(uid1), eq(SET_ALL),
+                eq(TAG_NONE),
+                eq(FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
 
         verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getHistoryIntervalForUid(
                 eq(expectedTemplate),
-                eq(uid2), eq(android.net.NetworkStats.SET_ALL),
-                eq(android.net.NetworkStats.TAG_NONE),
-                eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+                eq(uid2), eq(SET_ALL),
+                eq(TAG_NONE),
+                eq(FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
 
         assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkTemplateWhenRunningQueryDetails_NoSubscriberId() throws RemoteException {
-        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE,
-                null /* subscriberId */, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
-                        .setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build());
-        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
-                "" /* subscriberId */, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build());
-        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
-                null /* subscriberId */, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build());
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(TYPE_MOBILE, null /* subscriberId */,
+                new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE).setMeteredness(METERED_YES).build());
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(TYPE_WIFI, "" /* subscriberId */,
+                new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build());
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(TYPE_WIFI, null /* subscriberId */,
+                new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI).build());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testNetworkTemplateWhenRunningQueryDetails_MergedCarrierWifi()
             throws RemoteException {
-        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI,
-                TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID, new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI)
+        runQueryDetailsAndCheckTemplate(TYPE_WIFI, TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID,
+                new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_WIFI)
                         .setSubscriberIds(Set.of(TEST_SUBSCRIBER_ID)).build());
     }
 
@@ -244,7 +235,7 @@
         when(mStatsSession.getTaggedSummaryForAllUid(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
                 anyLong(), anyLong()))
                 .thenReturn(new android.net.NetworkStats(0, 0));
-        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
                 .setMeteredness(NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_YES).build();
         NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryTaggedSummary(template, startTime, endTime);
 
@@ -265,12 +256,12 @@
         when(mStatsSession.getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(any(NetworkTemplate.class),
                 anyInt(), anyLong(), anyLong()))
                 .thenReturn(new NetworkStatsHistory(10, 0));
-        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(NetworkTemplate.MATCH_MOBILE)
+        final NetworkTemplate template = new NetworkTemplate.Builder(MATCH_MOBILE)
                 .setMeteredness(NetworkStats.Bucket.METERED_YES).build();
         NetworkStats stats = mManager.queryDetailsForDevice(template, startTime, endTime);
 
         verify(mStatsSession, times(1)).getHistoryIntervalForNetwork(
-                eq(template), eq(NetworkStatsHistory.FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
+                eq(template), eq(FIELD_ALL), eq(startTime), eq(endTime));
 
         assertFalse(stats.hasNextBucket());
     }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
index 0c00bc0..0e17cd7 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/BpfNetMapsTest.java
@@ -1070,4 +1070,11 @@
         doTestDumpOwnerMatchConfig(DOZABLE_MATCH | invalid_match,
                 "DOZABLE_MATCH UNKNOWN_MATCH(" + invalid_match + ")");
     }
+
+    @Test
+    @IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+    public void testDumpCookieTagMap() throws Exception {
+        mCookieTagMap.updateEntry(new CookieTagMapKey(123), new CookieTagMapValue(456, 0x789));
+        assertDumpContains(getDump(), "cookie=123 tag=0x789 uid=456");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
index b39e960..3520c5b 100644
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
+++ b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/FullScoreTest.kt
@@ -152,4 +152,16 @@
         assertNotEquals(ns3, ns1)
         assertFalse(ns1.equals(ns4))
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDescribeDifferences() {
+        val ns1 = FullScore((1L shl POLICY_EVER_EVALUATED) or (1L shl POLICY_IS_VALIDATED),
+                KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+        val ns2 = FullScore((1L shl POLICY_IS_VALIDATED) or (1L shl POLICY_IS_VPN) or
+                (1L shl POLICY_IS_DESTROYED), KEEP_CONNECTED_NONE)
+        assertEquals("-EVER_EVALUATED+IS_DESTROYED+IS_VPN",
+                ns2.describeDifferencesFrom(ns1))
+        assertEquals("-IS_DESTROYED-IS_VPN+EVER_EVALUATED",
+                ns1.describeDifferencesFrom(ns2))
+    }
 }