diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
index d802177..932e801 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/current.txt
@@ -1 +1,71 @@
 // Signature format: 2.0
+package android.net {
+
+  public final class TetheringInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String);
+    ctor @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String, @Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, conditional=true) public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
+    method public int getType();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringInterface> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class TetheringManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional=true) public void startTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional=true) public void stopTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback);
+    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE}) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
+    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9; // 0x9
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST = 18; // 0x12
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13; // 0xd
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15; // 0xf
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14; // 0xe
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1; // 0x1
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST = 17; // 0x11
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7; // 0x7
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
+    method public default void onTetheringFailed(int);
+    method public default void onTetheringStarted();
+  }
+
+  @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public static interface TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback {
+    method public default void onStopTetheringFailed(int);
+    method public default void onStopTetheringSucceeded();
+  }
+
+  public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
+    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
+  }
+
+  public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public int describeContents();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
+    ctor public TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest build();
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setSoftApConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
index e893894..01bd983 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/module-lib-current.txt
@@ -47,9 +47,14 @@
   }
 
   public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public String getInterfaceName();
     method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public String getPackageName();
     method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public int getUid();
   }
 
+  public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
+    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK, android.net.NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK}) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setInterfaceName(@Nullable String);
+  }
+
 }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
index 0e85956..3b9708e 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -19,26 +19,11 @@
     field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheredClient.AddressInfo> CREATOR;
   }
 
-  public final class TetheringInterface implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    ctor public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String);
-    ctor @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public TetheringInterface(int, @NonNull String, @Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
-    method public int describeContents();
-    method @NonNull public String getInterface();
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable @RequiresPermission(value=android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, conditional=true) public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
-    method public int getType();
-    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringInterface> CREATOR;
-  }
-
   public class TetheringManager {
-    method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void requestLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int, boolean, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void startTethering(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback);
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopAllTethering();
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public void stopTethering(int);
-    method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE}) public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback);
     field @Deprecated public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED = "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
-    field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
     field public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
@@ -50,25 +35,7 @@
     field public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4; // 0x4
     field public static final int TETHERING_USB = 1; // 0x1
     field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_request_virtual") public static final int TETHERING_VIRTUAL = 7; // 0x7
-    field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI = 0; // 0x0
     field public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12; // 0xc
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9; // 0x9
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8; // 0x8
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13; // 0xd
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10; // 0xa
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5; // 0x5
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15; // 0xf
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14; // 0xe
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11; // 0xb
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2; // 0x2
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6; // 0x6
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4; // 0x4
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1; // 0x1
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16; // 0x10
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3; // 0x3
-    field public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7; // 0x7
     field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2; // 0x2
     field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1; // 0x1
     field public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0; // 0x0
@@ -78,11 +45,6 @@
     method public void onTetheringEntitlementResult(int);
   }
 
-  public static interface TetheringManager.StartTetheringCallback {
-    method public default void onTetheringFailed(int);
-    method public default void onTetheringStarted();
-  }
-
   public static interface TetheringManager.TetheringEventCallback {
     method public default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull java.util.Collection<android.net.TetheredClient>);
     method public default void onError(@NonNull String, int);
@@ -93,31 +55,23 @@
     method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
     method public default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
     method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.List<java.lang.String>);
-    method public default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull java.util.Set<android.net.TetheringInterface>);
     method public default void onTetheringSupported(boolean);
     method public default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable android.net.Network);
   }
 
   public static final class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest implements android.os.Parcelable {
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public int describeContents();
     method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address();
     method public int getConnectivityScope();
     method @Nullable public android.net.LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address();
     method public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi();
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @Nullable public android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration();
     method public int getTetheringType();
     method public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck();
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
-    field @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest> CREATOR;
   }
 
   public static class TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder {
-    ctor public TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder(int);
-    method @NonNull public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest build();
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setConnectivityScope(int);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean);
-    method @FlaggedApi("com.android.net.flags.tethering_with_soft_ap_config") @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setSoftApConfiguration(@Nullable android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration);
     method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED) public android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringRequest.Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull android.net.LinkAddress, @NonNull android.net.LinkAddress);
   }
 
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
index 0464fe0..250179a 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringInterface.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
-import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.net.TetheringManager.TetheringType;
 import android.net.wifi.SoftApConfiguration;
 import android.os.Parcel;
@@ -33,9 +32,8 @@
 
 /**
  * The mapping of tethering interface and type.
- * @hide
  */
-@SystemApi
+@SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
 public final class TetheringInterface implements Parcelable {
     private final int mType;
     private final String mInterface;
@@ -57,12 +55,14 @@
     }
 
     /** Get tethering type. */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public int getType() {
         return mType;
     }
 
     /** Get tethering interface. */
     @NonNull
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public String getInterface() {
         return mInterface;
     }
@@ -75,11 +75,13 @@
     @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
     @RequiresPermission(value = android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS, conditional = true)
     @Nullable
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public SoftApConfiguration getSoftApConfiguration() {
         return mSoftApConfig;
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void writeToParcel(@NonNull Parcel dest, int flags) {
         dest.writeInt(mType);
         dest.writeString(mInterface);
@@ -87,11 +89,13 @@
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public int hashCode() {
         return Objects.hash(mType, mInterface, mSoftApConfig);
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
         if (!(obj instanceof TetheringInterface)) return false;
         final TetheringInterface other = (TetheringInterface) obj;
@@ -100,11 +104,13 @@
     }
 
     @Override
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public int describeContents() {
         return 0;
     }
 
     @NonNull
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final Creator<TetheringInterface> CREATOR = new Creator<TetheringInterface>() {
         @NonNull
         @Override
@@ -116,6 +122,7 @@
 
         @NonNull
         @Override
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         public TetheringInterface[] newArray(int size) {
             return new TetheringInterface[size];
         }
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
index bc771da..25bfb45 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringManager.java
@@ -63,9 +63,8 @@
  * <p> The primary responsibilities of this class are to provide the APIs for applications to
  * start tethering, stop tethering, query configuration and query status.
  *
- * @hide
  */
-@SystemApi
+@SuppressLint({"NotCloseable", "UnflaggedApi"})
 public class TetheringManager {
     private static final String TAG = TetheringManager.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 60_000;
@@ -95,36 +94,46 @@
      * {@code TetheringManager.EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER} to indicate
      * the current state of tethering.  Each include a list of
      * interface names in that state (may be empty).
+     * @hide
      *
      * @deprecated New client should use TetheringEventCallback instead.
      */
     @Deprecated
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String ACTION_TETHER_STATE_CHANGED =
             "android.net.conn.TETHER_STATE_CHANGED";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces configured for
      * tethering and currently available for tethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_AVAILABLE_TETHER = "availableArray";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently in local-only
      * mode (ie, has DHCPv4+IPv6-ULA support and no packet forwarding)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY = "android.net.extra.ACTIVE_LOCAL_ONLY";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces currently tethered
      * (ie, has DHCPv4 support and packets potentially forwarded/NATed)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_ACTIVE_TETHER = "tetherArray";
 
     /**
      * gives a String[] listing all the interfaces we tried to tether and
      * failed.  Use {@link #getLastTetherError} to find the error code
      * for any interfaces listed here.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final String EXTRA_ERRORED_TETHER = "erroredArray";
 
     /** @hide */
@@ -136,6 +145,7 @@
             TETHERING_WIFI_P2P,
             TETHERING_NCM,
             TETHERING_ETHERNET,
+            TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
     })
     public @interface TetheringType {
     }
@@ -143,44 +153,57 @@
     /**
      * Invalid tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_INVALID   = -1;
 
     /**
      * Wifi tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHERING_WIFI      = 0;
 
     /**
      * USB tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_USB       = 1;
 
     /**
      * Bluetooth tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_BLUETOOTH = 2;
 
     /**
      * Wifi P2p tethering type.
      * Wifi P2p tethering is set through events automatically, and don't
      * need to start from #startTethering.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_WIFI_P2P = 3;
 
     /**
      * Ncm local tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_NCM = 4;
 
     /**
      * Ethernet tethering type.
      * @see #startTethering(TetheringRequest, Executor, StartTetheringCallback)
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHERING_ETHERNET = 5;
 
     /**
@@ -253,30 +276,62 @@
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
     @IntDef(value = {
             TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL,
+            TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED,
             TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR,
             TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION,
             TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE,
+            TETHER_ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST,
     })
     public @interface StartTetheringError {
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(value = {
+            TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR,
+            TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST,
+    })
+    public @interface StopTetheringError {
+    }
+
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR = 0;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_IFACE = 1;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAIL = 2;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED = 3;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNAVAIL_IFACE = 4;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR = 5;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_TETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 6;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNTETHER_IFACE_ERROR = 7;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 8;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DISABLE_FORWARDING_ERROR = 9;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR = 10;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_PROVISIONING_FAILED = 11;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DHCPSERVER_ERROR = 12;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN = 13;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 14;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION = 15;
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_TYPE = 16;
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST = 17;
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public static final int TETHER_ERROR_DUPLICATE_REQUEST = 18;
 
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@@ -288,11 +343,23 @@
     public @interface TetherOffloadStatus {
     }
 
-    /** Tethering offload status is stopped. */
+    /**
+     * Tethering offload status is stopped.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STOPPED = 0;
-    /** Tethering offload status is started. */
+    /**
+     * Tethering offload status is started.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_STARTED = 1;
-    /** Fail to start tethering offload. */
+    /**
+     * Fail to start tethering offload.
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int TETHER_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_FAILED = 2;
 
     /**
@@ -686,11 +753,14 @@
      * Indicates that this tethering connection will provide connectivity beyond this device (e.g.,
      * global Internet access).
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 1;
 
     /**
      * Indicates that this tethering connection will only provide local connectivity.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final int CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL = 2;
 
     /**
@@ -718,6 +788,7 @@
     /**
      *  Use with {@link #startTethering} to specify additional parameters when starting tethering.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public static final class TetheringRequest implements Parcelable {
         /** A configuration set for TetheringRequest. */
         private final TetheringRequestParcel mRequestParcel;
@@ -761,10 +832,12 @@
         }
 
         /** Builder used to create TetheringRequest. */
+        @SuppressLint({"UnflaggedApi", "StaticFinalBuilder"})
         public static class Builder {
             private final TetheringRequestParcel mBuilderParcel;
 
             /** Default constructor of Builder. */
+            @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
             public Builder(@TetheringType final int type) {
                 mBuilderParcel = new TetheringRequestParcel();
                 mBuilderParcel.tetheringType = type;
@@ -775,6 +848,7 @@
                 mBuilderParcel.connectivityScope = getDefaultConnectivityScope(type);
                 mBuilderParcel.uid = Process.INVALID_UID;
                 mBuilderParcel.softApConfig = null;
+                mBuilderParcel.interfaceName = null;
             }
 
             /**
@@ -785,7 +859,9 @@
              *
              * @param localIPv4Address The preferred local IPv4 link address to use.
              * @param clientAddress The static client address.
+             * @hide
              */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setStaticIpv4Addresses(@NonNull final LinkAddress localIPv4Address,
@@ -801,7 +877,11 @@
                 return this;
             }
 
-            /** Start tethering without entitlement checks. */
+            /**
+             * Start tethering without entitlement checks.
+             * @hide
+             */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(boolean exempt) {
@@ -812,7 +892,9 @@
             /**
              * If an entitlement check is needed, sets whether to show the entitlement UI or to
              * perform a silent entitlement check. By default, the entitlement UI is shown.
+             * @hide
              */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setShouldShowEntitlementUi(boolean showUi) {
@@ -821,8 +903,39 @@
             }
 
             /**
-             * Sets the connectivity scope to be provided by this tethering downstream.
+             * Sets the name of the interface. Currently supported only for
+             * - {@link #TETHERING_VIRTUAL}.
+             * - {@link #TETHERING_WIFI} (for Local-only Hotspot)
+             * - {@link #TETHERING_WIFI_P2P}
+             * @hide
              */
+            @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+            @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
+                    android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS,
+                    android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
+                    NetworkStack.PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK,
+            })
+            @NonNull
+            @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+            public Builder setInterfaceName(@Nullable final String interfaceName) {
+                switch (mBuilderParcel.tetheringType) {
+                    case TETHERING_VIRTUAL:
+                    case TETHERING_WIFI_P2P:
+                    case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Interface name cannot be set for"
+                                + " tethering type " + interfaceName);
+                }
+                mBuilderParcel.interfaceName = interfaceName;
+                return this;
+            }
+
+            /**
+             * Sets the connectivity scope to be provided by this tethering downstream.
+             * @hide
+             */
+            @SystemApi
             @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED)
             @NonNull
             public Builder setConnectivityScope(@ConnectivityScope int scope) {
@@ -842,6 +955,8 @@
              * If TETHERING_WIFI is already enabled and a new request is made with a different
              * SoftApConfiguration, the request will be accepted if the device can support an
              * additional tethering Wi-Fi AP interface. Otherwise, the request will be rejected.
+             * </p>
+             * Non-system callers using TETHERING_WIFI must specify a SoftApConfiguration.
              *
              * @param softApConfig SoftApConfiguration to use.
              * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the tethering type isn't TETHERING_WIFI.
@@ -860,6 +975,7 @@
 
             /** Build {@link TetheringRequest} with the currently set configuration. */
             @NonNull
+            @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
             public TetheringRequest build() {
                 return new TetheringRequest(mBuilderParcel);
             }
@@ -868,7 +984,9 @@
         /**
          * Get the local IPv4 address, if one was configured with
          * {@link Builder#setStaticIpv4Addresses}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @Nullable
         public LinkAddress getLocalIpv4Address() {
             return mRequestParcel.localIPv4Address;
@@ -877,35 +995,64 @@
         /**
          * Get the static IPv4 address of the client, if one was configured with
          * {@link Builder#setStaticIpv4Addresses}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @Nullable
         public LinkAddress getClientStaticIpv4Address() {
             return mRequestParcel.staticClientAddress;
         }
 
-        /** Get tethering type. */
+        /**
+         * Get tethering type.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @TetheringType
         public int getTetheringType() {
             return mRequestParcel.tetheringType;
         }
 
-        /** Get connectivity type */
+        /**
+         * Get connectivity type
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @ConnectivityScope
         public int getConnectivityScope() {
             return mRequestParcel.connectivityScope;
         }
 
-        /** Check if exempt from entitlement check. */
+        /**
+         * Check if exempt from entitlement check.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         public boolean isExemptFromEntitlementCheck() {
             return mRequestParcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck;
         }
 
-        /** Check if show entitlement ui.  */
+        /**
+         * Check if show entitlement ui.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         public boolean getShouldShowEntitlementUi() {
             return mRequestParcel.showProvisioningUi;
         }
 
         /**
+         * Get interface name.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+        @Nullable
+        @SystemApi(client = MODULE_LIBRARIES)
+        public String getInterfaceName() {
+            return mRequestParcel.interfaceName;
+        }
+
+        /**
          * Check whether the two addresses are ipv4 and in the same prefix.
          * @hide
          */
@@ -996,7 +1143,11 @@
             return mRequestParcel;
         }
 
-        /** String of TetheringRequest detail. */
+        /**
+         * String of TetheringRequest detail.
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         public String toString() {
             StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", "TetheringRequest[ ", " ]");
             sj.add(typeToString(mRequestParcel.tetheringType));
@@ -1022,9 +1173,16 @@
             if (mRequestParcel.packageName != null) {
                 sj.add("packageName=" + mRequestParcel.packageName);
             }
+            if (mRequestParcel.interfaceName != null) {
+                sj.add("interfaceName=" + mRequestParcel.interfaceName);
+            }
             return sj.toString();
         }
 
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object obj) {
             if (this == obj) return true;
@@ -1039,26 +1197,33 @@
                     && parcel.connectivityScope == otherParcel.connectivityScope
                     && Objects.equals(parcel.softApConfig, otherParcel.softApConfig)
                     && parcel.uid == otherParcel.uid
-                    && Objects.equals(parcel.packageName, otherParcel.packageName);
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.packageName, otherParcel.packageName)
+                    && Objects.equals(parcel.interfaceName, otherParcel.interfaceName);
         }
 
+        /**
+         * @hide
+         */
+        @SystemApi
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
             TetheringRequestParcel parcel = getParcel();
             return Objects.hash(parcel.tetheringType, parcel.localIPv4Address,
                     parcel.staticClientAddress, parcel.exemptFromEntitlementCheck,
                     parcel.showProvisioningUi, parcel.connectivityScope, parcel.softApConfig,
-                    parcel.uid, parcel.packageName);
+                    parcel.uid, parcel.packageName, parcel.interfaceName);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Callback for use with {@link #startTethering} to find out whether tethering succeeded.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public interface StartTetheringCallback {
         /**
          * Called when tethering has been successfully started.
          */
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         default void onTetheringStarted() {}
 
         /**
@@ -1066,26 +1231,40 @@
          *
          * @param error The error that caused the failure.
          */
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         default void onTetheringFailed(@StartTetheringError final int error) {}
     }
 
     /**
+     * Callback for use with {@link #stopTethering} to find out whether stop tethering succeeded.
+     */
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public interface StopTetheringCallback {
+        /**
+         * Called when tethering has been successfully stopped.
+         */
+        default void onStopTetheringSucceeded() {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when starting tethering failed.
+         *
+         * @param error The error that caused the failure.
+         */
+        default void onStopTetheringFailed(@StopTetheringError final int error) {}
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Starts tethering and runs tether provisioning for the given type if needed. If provisioning
      * fails, stopTethering will be called automatically.
      *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
-     *
      * @param request a {@link TetheringRequest} which can specify the preferred configuration.
      * @param executor {@link Executor} to specify the thread upon which the callback of
      *         TetheringRequest will be invoked.
      * @param callback A callback that will be called to indicate the success status of the
      *                 tethering start request.
      */
-    @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
-            android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
-            android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
-    })
+    @RequiresPermission(value = android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional = true)
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void startTethering(@NonNull final TetheringRequest request,
             @NonNull final Executor executor, @NonNull final StartTetheringCallback callback) {
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
@@ -1135,11 +1314,13 @@
      *
      * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
      * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     * @hide
      */
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
             android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
     })
+    @SystemApi
     public void stopTethering(@TetheringType final int type) {
         final String callerPkg = mContext.getOpPackageName();
         Log.i(TAG, "stopTethering caller:" + callerPkg);
@@ -1157,9 +1338,22 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Stops tethering for the given request. Operation will fail with
+     * {@link #TETHER_ERROR_UNKNOWN_REQUEST} if there is no request that matches it.
+     */
+    @RequiresPermission(value = android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, conditional = true)
+    @FlaggedApi(Flags.FLAG_TETHERING_WITH_SOFT_AP_CONFIG)
+    public void stopTethering(@NonNull TetheringRequest request,
+            @NonNull final Executor executor, @NonNull final StopTetheringCallback callback) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Callback for use with {@link #getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult} to find out whether
      * entitlement succeeded.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public interface OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener  {
         /**
          * Called to notify entitlement result.
@@ -1190,7 +1384,9 @@
      * @param listener an {@link OnTetheringEntitlementResultListener} which will be called to
      *         notify the caller of the result of entitlement check. The listener may be called zero
      *         or one time.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
             android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
@@ -1238,6 +1434,7 @@
      * Callback for use with {@link registerTetheringEventCallback} to find out tethering
      * upstream status.
      */
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public interface TetheringEventCallback {
         /**
          * Called when tethering supported status changed.
@@ -1249,7 +1446,9 @@
          * policy restrictions.
          *
          * @param supported whether any tethering type is supported.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetheringSupported(boolean supported) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1274,7 +1473,9 @@
          *
          * @param network the {@link Network} of tethering upstream. Null means tethering doesn't
          * have any upstream.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onUpstreamChanged(@Nullable Network network) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1301,7 +1502,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The list of tetherable interface names.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1311,7 +1514,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The set of TetheringInterface of currently tetherable interface.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetherableInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1324,7 +1529,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The lit of 0 or more String of currently tethered interface names.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1335,6 +1542,7 @@
          * @param interfaces The set of 0 or more TetheringInterface of currently tethered
          * interface.
          */
+        @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
         default void onTetheredInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1347,7 +1555,9 @@
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered, and may be called
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The list of 0 or more String of active local-only interface names.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull List<String> interfaces) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1357,7 +1567,9 @@
          * multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param interfaces The set of 0 or more TetheringInterface of active local-only
          * interface.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onLocalOnlyInterfacesChanged(@NonNull Set<TetheringInterface> interfaces) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1371,7 +1583,9 @@
          * on the interface is an error, and may be called multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param ifName Name of the interface.
          * @param error One of {@code TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_*}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onError(@NonNull String ifName, @TetheringIfaceError int error) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1381,7 +1595,9 @@
          * on the interface is an error, and may be called multiple times later upon changes.
          * @param iface The interface that experienced the error.
          * @param error One of {@code TetheringManager#TETHER_ERROR_*}.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onError(@NonNull TetheringInterface iface, @TetheringIfaceError int error) {
             // By default, the new callback calls the old callback, so apps
             // implementing the old callback just work.
@@ -1398,7 +1614,9 @@
          * clients may still be reported by this callback after disconnection as the system cannot
          * determine if they are still connected.
          * @param clients The new set of tethered clients; the collection is not ordered.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onClientsChanged(@NonNull Collection<TetheredClient> clients) {}
 
         /**
@@ -1406,7 +1624,9 @@
          *
          * <p>This will be called immediately after the callback is registered.
          * @param status The offload status.
+         * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         default void onOffloadStatusChanged(@TetherOffloadStatus int status) {}
     }
 
@@ -1500,6 +1720,7 @@
      * @param callback the callback to be called when tethering has change events.
      */
     @RequiresPermission(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE)
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void registerTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull Executor executor,
             @NonNull TetheringEventCallback callback) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(executor);
@@ -1658,6 +1879,7 @@
             Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
             Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
     })
+    @SuppressLint("UnflaggedApi")
     public void unregisterTetheringEventCallback(@NonNull final TetheringEventCallback callback) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(callback);
 
@@ -1848,10 +2070,9 @@
 
     /**
      * Stop all active tethering.
-     *
-     * <p>Without {@link android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED} permission, the call will
-     * fail if a tethering entitlement check is required.
+     * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @RequiresPermission(anyOf = {
             android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED,
             android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS
diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
index 789d5bb..97c9b9a 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/src/android/net/TetheringRequestParcel.aidl
@@ -33,4 +33,5 @@
     SoftApConfiguration softApConfig;
     int uid;
     String packageName;
+    String interfaceName;
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
index fb16226..a942166 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
@@ -154,7 +154,9 @@
 
             // Only launch entitlement UI for the current user if it is allowed to
             // change tethering. This usually means the system user or the admin users in HSUM.
-            if (SdkLevel.isAtLeastT()) {
+            // TODO (b/382624069): Figure out whether it is safe to call createContextAsUser
+            //  from secondary user. And re-enable the check or remove the code accordingly.
+            if (false) {
                 // Create a user context for the current foreground user as UserManager#isAdmin()
                 // operates on the context user.
                 final int currentUserId = getCurrentUser();
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
index f33ef37..254b60f 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/Tethering.java
@@ -665,7 +665,8 @@
             // If tethering is already enabled with a different request,
             // disable before re-enabling.
             if (unfinishedRequest != null && !unfinishedRequest.equals(request)) {
-                enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+                enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */,
+                        unfinishedRequest.getInterfaceName(), null);
                 mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
             }
             mActiveTetheringRequests.put(type, request);
@@ -676,7 +677,7 @@
                 mEntitlementMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(type,
                         request.getShouldShowEntitlementUi());
             }
-            enableTetheringInternal(type, true /* enabled */, listener);
+            enableTetheringInternal(type, true /* enabled */, request.getInterfaceName(), listener);
             mTetheringMetrics.createBuilder(type, callerPkg);
         });
     }
@@ -689,7 +690,7 @@
     void stopTetheringInternal(int type) {
         mActiveTetheringRequests.remove(type);
 
-        enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+        enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null, null);
         mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
     }
 
@@ -698,7 +699,7 @@
      * schedule provisioning rechecks for the specified interface.
      */
     private void enableTetheringInternal(int type, boolean enable,
-            final IIntResultListener listener) {
+            String iface, final IIntResultListener listener) {
         int result = TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
         switch (type) {
             case TETHERING_WIFI:
@@ -717,7 +718,7 @@
                 result = setEthernetTethering(enable);
                 break;
             case TETHERING_VIRTUAL:
-                result = setVirtualMachineTethering(enable);
+                result = setVirtualMachineTethering(enable, iface);
                 break;
             default:
                 Log.w(TAG, "Invalid tether type.");
@@ -972,10 +973,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private int setVirtualMachineTethering(final boolean enable) {
-        // TODO(340377643): Use bridge ifname when it's introduced, not fixed TAP ifname.
+    private int setVirtualMachineTethering(final boolean enable, String iface) {
         if (enable) {
-            mConfiguredVirtualIface = "avf_tap_fixed";
+            if (TextUtils.isEmpty(iface)) {
+                mConfiguredVirtualIface = "avf_tap_fixed";
+            } else {
+                mConfiguredVirtualIface = iface;
+            }
             enableIpServing(
                     TETHERING_VIRTUAL,
                     mConfiguredVirtualIface,
@@ -2205,7 +2209,7 @@
                     case EVENT_REQUEST_CHANGE_DOWNSTREAM: {
                         final boolean enabled = message.arg1 == 1;
                         final TetheringRequest request = (TetheringRequest) message.obj;
-                        enableTetheringInternal(request.getTetheringType(), enabled, null);
+                        enableTetheringInternal(request.getTetheringType(), enabled, null, null);
                         break;
                     }
                     default:
diff --git a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
index 3cb5f99..6485ffd 100644
--- a/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
+++ b/Tethering/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringService.java
@@ -133,9 +133,11 @@
         @Override
         public void startTethering(TetheringRequestParcel request, String callerPkg,
                 String callingAttributionTag, IIntResultListener listener) {
+            boolean onlyAllowPrivileged = request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck
+                    || request.interfaceName != null;
             if (checkAndNotifyCommonError(callerPkg,
                     callingAttributionTag,
-                    request.exemptFromEntitlementCheck /* onlyAllowPrivileged */,
+                    onlyAllowPrivileged,
                     listener)) {
                 return;
             }
@@ -284,6 +286,10 @@
             return false;
         }
 
+        private boolean hasNetworkSettingsPermission() {
+            return checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_SETTINGS);
+        }
+
         private boolean hasNetworkStackPermission() {
             return checkCallingOrSelfPermission(NETWORK_STACK)
                     || checkCallingOrSelfPermission(PERMISSION_MAINLINE_NETWORK_STACK);
@@ -299,7 +305,8 @@
 
         private boolean hasTetherChangePermission(final String callerPkg,
                 final String callingAttributionTag, final boolean onlyAllowPrivileged) {
-            if (onlyAllowPrivileged && !hasNetworkStackPermission()) return false;
+            if (onlyAllowPrivileged && !hasNetworkStackPermission()
+                    && !hasNetworkSettingsPermission()) return false;
 
             if (hasTetherPrivilegedPermission()) return true;
 
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
index 01f3af9..1323f28 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/base/android/net/EthernetTetheringTestBase.java
@@ -332,15 +332,16 @@
         // seconds. See b/289881008.
         private static final int EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS = 30000;
 
-        MyTetheringEventCallback(String iface) {
-            mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(int tetheringType, String iface) {
+            mIface = new TetheringInterface(tetheringType, iface);
             mExpectedUpstream = null;
             mAcceptAnyUpstream = true;
         }
 
-        MyTetheringEventCallback(String iface, @NonNull Network expectedUpstream) {
+        MyTetheringEventCallback(
+                int tetheringType, String iface, @NonNull Network expectedUpstream) {
             Objects.requireNonNull(expectedUpstream);
-            mIface = new TetheringInterface(TETHERING_ETHERNET, iface);
+            mIface = new TetheringInterface(tetheringType, iface);
             mExpectedUpstream = expectedUpstream;
             mAcceptAnyUpstream = false;
         }
@@ -392,12 +393,12 @@
         }
 
         public void awaitInterfaceTethered() throws Exception {
-            assertTrue("Ethernet not tethered after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+            assertTrue("Interface is not tethered after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
                     mTetheringStartedLatch.await(EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }
 
         public void awaitInterfaceLocalOnly() throws Exception {
-            assertTrue("Ethernet not local-only after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
+            assertTrue("Interface is not local-only after " + EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS + "ms",
                     mLocalOnlyStartedLatch.await(EXPANDED_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
         }
 
@@ -501,15 +502,17 @@
         sCallbackErrors.add(error);
     }
 
-    protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
+    protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableTethering(String iface,
             TetheringRequest request, Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
-        // Enable ethernet tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream
-        // after etherent tethering started.
+        // Enable tethering with null expectedUpstream means the test accept any upstream after
+        // tethering started.
         final MyTetheringEventCallback callback;
         if (expectedUpstream != null) {
-            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(iface, expectedUpstream);
+            callback =
+                    new MyTetheringEventCallback(
+                            request.getTetheringType(), iface, expectedUpstream);
         } else {
-            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(iface);
+            callback = new MyTetheringEventCallback(request.getTetheringType(), iface);
         }
         runAsShell(NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
             sTm.registerTetheringEventCallback(c -> c.run() /* executor */, callback);
@@ -521,7 +524,7 @@
         StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback() {
             @Override
             public void onTetheringStarted() {
-                Log.d(TAG, "Ethernet tethering started");
+                Log.d(TAG, "Tethering started");
                 tetheringStartedLatch.countDown();
             }
 
@@ -530,8 +533,8 @@
                 addCallbackError("Unexpectedly got onTetheringFailed");
             }
         };
-        Log.d(TAG, "Starting Ethernet tethering");
-        runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, () -> {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Starting tethering");
+        runAsShell(TETHER_PRIVILEGED, NETWORK_SETTINGS, () -> {
             sTm.startTethering(request, c -> c.run() /* executor */, startTetheringCallback);
             // Binder call is an async call. Need to hold the shell permission until tethering
             // started. This helps to avoid the test become flaky.
@@ -557,7 +560,7 @@
 
     protected static MyTetheringEventCallback enableEthernetTethering(String iface,
             Network expectedUpstream) throws Exception {
-        return enableEthernetTethering(iface,
+        return enableTethering(iface,
                 new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build(), expectedUpstream);
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
index 1bbea94..5c8d347 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/integration/src/android/net/EthernetTetheringTest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 import static android.Manifest.permission.DUMP;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.TestDnsPacket;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.buildIcmpEchoPacketV4;
 import static android.net.TetheringTester.buildUdpPacket;
@@ -236,7 +238,8 @@
             downstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, mtu);
             tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
                     null /* any upstream */);
-            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(downstreamReader, tetheringEventCallback);
+            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(
+                    downstreamReader, TETHERING_ETHERNET, tetheringEventCallback);
         } finally {
             maybeStopTapPacketReader(downstreamReader);
             maybeCloseTestInterface(downstreamIface);
@@ -267,7 +270,8 @@
             downstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(downstreamIface));
             tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(downstreamIface.getInterfaceName(),
                     null /* any upstream */);
-            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(downstreamReader, tetheringEventCallback);
+            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(
+                    downstreamReader, TETHERING_ETHERNET, tetheringEventCallback);
         } finally {
             maybeStopTapPacketReader(downstreamReader);
             maybeCloseTestInterface(downstreamIface);
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@
 
             final String localAddr = "192.0.2.3/28";
             final String clientAddr = "192.0.2.2/28";
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface,
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(iface,
                     requestWithStaticIpv4(localAddr, clientAddr), null /* any upstream */);
 
             tetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceTethered();
@@ -368,8 +372,7 @@
 
             final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                     .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build();
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(iface, request,
-                    null /* any upstream */);
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(iface, request, null /* any upstream */);
             tetheringEventCallback.awaitInterfaceLocalOnly();
 
             // makePacketReader only works after tethering is started, because until then the
@@ -424,6 +427,7 @@
     }
 
     private void checkTetheredClientCallbacks(final PollPacketReader packetReader,
+            final int tetheringType,
             final MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback) throws Exception {
         // Create a fake client.
         byte[] clientMacAddr = new byte[6];
@@ -438,7 +442,7 @@
 
         // Check the MAC address.
         assertEquals(MacAddress.fromBytes(clientMacAddr), client.getMacAddress());
-        assertEquals(TETHERING_ETHERNET, client.getTetheringType());
+        assertEquals(tetheringType, client.getTetheringType());
 
         // Check the hostname.
         assertEquals(1, client.getAddresses().size());
@@ -475,8 +479,7 @@
     private void assertInvalidStaticIpv4Request(String iface, String local, String client)
             throws Exception {
         try {
-            enableEthernetTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client),
-                    null /* any upstream */);
+            enableTethering(iface, requestWithStaticIpv4(local, client), null /* any upstream */);
             fail("Unexpectedly accepted invalid IPv4 configuration: " + local + ", " + client);
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException | NullPointerException expected) { }
     }
@@ -1180,4 +1183,32 @@
                 TX_UDP_PACKET_COUNT * (TX_UDP_PACKET_SIZE + IPV6_HEADER_LEN - IPV4_HEADER_MIN_LEN),
                 newEgress4.bytes - oldEgress4.bytes);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testTetheringVirtual() throws Exception {
+        assumeFalse(isInterfaceForTetheringAvailable());
+        setIncludeTestInterfaces(true);
+
+        TestNetworkInterface downstreamIface = null;
+        MyTetheringEventCallback tetheringEventCallback = null;
+        PollPacketReader downstreamReader = null;
+        try {
+            downstreamIface = createTestInterface();
+            String iface = downstreamIface.getInterfaceName();
+            final TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_VIRTUAL)
+                    .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL)
+                    .setInterfaceName(iface)
+                    .build();
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(iface, request, null /* any upstream */);
+
+            FileDescriptor fd = downstreamIface.getFileDescriptor().getFileDescriptor();
+            downstreamReader = makePacketReader(fd, getMTU(downstreamIface));
+            checkTetheredClientCallbacks(
+                    downstreamReader, TETHERING_VIRTUAL, tetheringEventCallback);
+        } finally {
+            maybeStopTapPacketReader(downstreamReader);
+            maybeCloseTestInterface(downstreamIface);
+            maybeUnregisterTetheringEventCallback(tetheringEventCallback);
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
index 51c2d56..16ebbbb 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@
 import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.doReturn;
 import static com.android.dx.mockito.inline.extended.ExtendedMockito.mockitoSession;
 import static com.android.networkstack.apishim.ConstantsShim.KEY_CARRIER_SUPPORTS_TETHERING_BOOL;
-import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreAfter;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
 import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRuleKt.SC_V2;
 
@@ -592,16 +591,8 @@
                 .onTetherProvisioningFailed(TETHERING_WIFI, FAILED_TETHERING_REASON);
     }
 
-    @IgnoreUpTo(SC_V2)
     @Test
-    public void testUiProvisioningMultiUser_aboveT() {
-        doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(true, 1);
-        doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(false, 0);
-    }
-
-    @IgnoreAfter(SC_V2)
-    @Test
-    public void testUiProvisioningMultiUser_belowT() {
+    public void testUiProvisioningMultiUser() {
         doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(true, 1);
         doTestUiProvisioningMultiUser(false, 1);
     }
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
index 0dbf772..d94852e 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringServiceTest.java
@@ -17,9 +17,11 @@
 package com.android.networkstack.tethering;
 
 import static android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE;
+import static android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED;
 import static android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS;
 import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ACCESS_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION;
@@ -171,6 +173,10 @@
         runTetheringCall(test, false /* isTetheringAllowed */, TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
     }
 
+    private void runAsNetworkSettings(final TestTetheringCall test) throws Exception {
+        runTetheringCall(test, true /* isTetheringAllowed */, NETWORK_SETTINGS, TETHER_PRIVILEGED);
+    }
+
     private void runTetheringCall(final TestTetheringCall test, boolean isTetheringAllowed,
             String... permissions) throws Exception {
         // Allow the test to run even if ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE was granted at the APK level
@@ -370,6 +376,32 @@
         });
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTetheringWithInterfaceSucceeds() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
+        request.interfaceName = "avf_tap_fixed";
+
+        runAsNetworkSettings((result) -> {
+            runStartTethering(result, request);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStartTetheringNoNetworkStackPermissionWithInterfaceFails() throws Exception {
+        final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
+        request.tetheringType = TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
+        request.interfaceName = "avf_tap_fixed";
+
+        runAsTetherPrivileged((result) -> {
+            mTetheringConnector.startTethering(request, TEST_CALLER_PKG, TEST_ATTRIBUTION_TAG,
+                    result);
+            result.assertResult(TETHER_ERROR_NO_CHANGE_TETHERING_PERMISSION);
+            verifyNoMoreInteractionsForTethering();
+        });
+    }
+
     private void runStartTetheringAndVerifyNoPermission(final TestTetheringResult result)
             throws Exception {
         final TetheringRequestParcel request = new TetheringRequestParcel();
diff --git a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
index 17f5081..0c6a95d 100644
--- a/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
+++ b/Tethering/tests/unit/src/com/android/networkstack/tethering/TetheringTest.java
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_IFACE_CFG_ERROR;
@@ -255,6 +256,7 @@
     private static final String TEST_P2P_IFNAME = "test_p2p-p2p0-0";
     private static final String TEST_NCM_IFNAME = "test_ncm0";
     private static final String TEST_ETH_IFNAME = "test_eth0";
+    private static final String TEST_VIRT_IFNAME = "test_virt0";
     private static final String TEST_BT_IFNAME = "test_pan0";
     private static final String TETHERING_NAME = "Tethering";
     private static final String[] PROVISIONING_APP_NAME = {"some", "app"};
@@ -417,11 +419,12 @@
                             || ifName.equals(TEST_P2P_IFNAME)
                             || ifName.equals(TEST_NCM_IFNAME)
                             || ifName.equals(TEST_ETH_IFNAME)
-                            || ifName.equals(TEST_BT_IFNAME));
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_BT_IFNAME)
+                            || ifName.equals(TEST_VIRT_IFNAME));
             final String[] ifaces = new String[] {
                     TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN2_IFNAME, TEST_WIFI_IFNAME,
                     TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, TEST_DUN_IFNAME, TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME,
-                    TEST_ETH_IFNAME};
+                    TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_VIRT_IFNAME};
             return new InterfaceParams(ifName,
                     CollectionUtils.indexOf(ifaces, ifName) + IFINDEX_OFFSET,
                     MacAddress.ALL_ZEROS_ADDRESS);
@@ -674,7 +677,8 @@
         when(mNetd.interfaceGetList())
                 .thenReturn(new String[] {
                         TEST_MOBILE_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN_IFNAME, TEST_WLAN2_IFNAME, TEST_RNDIS_IFNAME,
-                        TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_BT_IFNAME});
+                        TEST_P2P_IFNAME, TEST_NCM_IFNAME, TEST_ETH_IFNAME, TEST_BT_IFNAME,
+                        TEST_VIRT_IFNAME});
         when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable)).thenReturn("");
         mInterfaceConfiguration = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
         mInterfaceConfiguration.flags = new String[0];
@@ -765,12 +769,12 @@
     }
 
     private TetheringRequest createTetheringRequest(final int type) {
-        return createTetheringRequest(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        return createTetheringRequest(type, null, null, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null);
     }
 
     private TetheringRequest createTetheringRequest(final int type,
             final LinkAddress localIPv4Address, final LinkAddress staticClientAddress,
-            final boolean exempt, final int scope) {
+            final boolean exempt, final int scope, final String interfaceName) {
         TetheringRequest.Builder builder = new TetheringRequest.Builder(type)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(exempt)
                 .setConnectivityScope(scope)
@@ -778,6 +782,9 @@
         if (localIPv4Address != null && staticClientAddress != null) {
             builder.setStaticIpv4Addresses(localIPv4Address, staticClientAddress);
         }
+        if (interfaceName != null) {
+            builder.setInterfaceName(interfaceName);
+        }
         return builder.build();
     }
 
@@ -2782,7 +2789,7 @@
         // Enable USB tethering with a different request and expect that USB is stopped and
         // started.
         mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB,
-                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
+                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null),
                   TEST_CALLER_PKG, thirdResult);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         thirdResult.assertHasResult();
@@ -2813,7 +2820,7 @@
         final ArgumentCaptor<DhcpServingParamsParcel> dhcpParamsCaptor =
                 ArgumentCaptor.forClass(DhcpServingParamsParcel.class);
         mTethering.startTethering(createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_USB,
-                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL),
+                  serverLinkAddr, clientLinkAddr, false, CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null),
                   TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mUsbManager, times(1)).setCurrentFunctions(UsbManager.FUNCTION_NCM);
@@ -2942,7 +2949,7 @@
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         final TetheringRequest wifiNotExemptRequest =
                 createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, false,
-                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null);
         mTethering.startTethering(wifiNotExemptRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mEntitleMgr).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
@@ -2956,7 +2963,7 @@
         setupForRequiredProvisioning();
         final TetheringRequest wifiExemptRequest =
                 createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_WIFI, null, null, true,
-                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, null);
         mTethering.startTethering(wifiExemptRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
         mLooper.dispatchAll();
         verify(mEntitleMgr, never()).startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
@@ -3779,4 +3786,18 @@
 
     // TODO: Test that a request for hotspot mode doesn't interfere with an
     // already operating tethering mode interface.
+
+    @Test
+    public void testVirtualTetheringWithInterfaceName() throws Exception {
+        initTetheringOnTestThread();
+        final TetheringRequest virtualTetheringRequest =
+                createTetheringRequest(TETHERING_VIRTUAL, null, null, false,
+                        CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, TEST_VIRT_IFNAME);
+        assertEquals(TEST_VIRT_IFNAME, virtualTetheringRequest.getInterfaceName());
+        mTethering.startTethering(virtualTetheringRequest, TEST_CALLER_PKG, null);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertContains(Arrays.asList(mTethering.getTetheredIfaces()), TEST_VIRT_IFNAME);
+        mTethering.stopTethering(TETHERING_VIRTUAL);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp b/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
index c2a1d6e..4834b09 100644
--- a/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
+++ b/bpf/loader/NetBpfLoad.cpp
@@ -1544,15 +1544,14 @@
      *
      * Additionally the 32-bit kernel jit support is poor,
      * and 32-bit userspace on 64-bit kernel bpf ringbuffer compatibility is broken.
+     * Note, however, that TV and Wear devices will continue to support 32-bit userspace
+     * on ARM64.
      */
     if (isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 2, 0)) {
         // Stuff won't work reliably, but...
-        if (isTV()) {
-            // exempt TVs... they don't really need functional advanced networking
-            ALOGW("[TV] 32-bit userspace unsupported on 6.2+ kernels.");
-        } else if (isWear() && isArm()) {
-            // exempt Arm Wear devices (arm32 ABI is far less problematic than x86-32)
-            ALOGW("[Arm Wear] 32-bit userspace unsupported on 6.2+ kernels.");
+        if (isArm() && (isTV() || isWear())) {
+            // exempt Arm TV or Wear devices (arm32 ABI is far less problematic than x86-32)
+            ALOGW("[Arm TV/Wear] 32-bit userspace unsupported on 6.2+ kernels.");
         } else if (first_api_level <= __ANDROID_API_T__ && isArm()) {
             // also exempt Arm devices upgrading with major kernel rev from T-
             // might possibly be better for them to run with a newer kernel...
@@ -1566,8 +1565,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // Note: 6.6 is highest version supported by Android V (sdk=35), so this is for sdk=36+
-    if (isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 7, 0)) {
+    // On handheld, 6.6 is highest version supported by Android V (sdk=35), so this is for sdk=36+
+    if (!isArm() && isUserspace32bit() && isAtLeastKernelVersion(6, 7, 0)) {
         ALOGE("64-bit userspace required on 6.7+ kernels.");
         return 1;
     }
diff --git a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
index 81f2cf9..868033a 100644
--- a/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
+++ b/framework-t/src/android/net/TrafficStats.java
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.net;
 
 import static android.annotation.SystemApi.Client.MODULE_LIBRARIES;
+import static android.net.NetworkStats.UID_ALL;
 
 import static com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting.Visibility.PRIVATE;
 
@@ -33,21 +34,25 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.media.MediaPlayer;
 import android.net.netstats.StatsResult;
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.StrictMode;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.net.module.util.BinderUtils;
+import com.android.net.module.util.LruCacheWithExpiry;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.DatagramSocket;
 import java.net.Socket;
 import java.net.SocketException;
-
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier;
 
 /**
  * Class that provides network traffic statistics. These statistics include
@@ -182,13 +187,48 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int TAG_SYSTEM_PROBE = 0xFFFFFF42;
 
+    private static final StatsResult EMPTY_STATS = new StatsResult(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
+
+    private static final Object sRateLimitCacheLock = new Object();
+
     @GuardedBy("TrafficStats.class")
+    @Nullable
     private static INetworkStatsService sStatsService;
 
     // The variable will only be accessed in the test, which is effectively
     // single-threaded.
+    @Nullable
     private static INetworkStatsService sStatsServiceForTest = null;
 
+    // This holds the configuration for the TrafficStats rate limit caches.
+    // It will be filled with the result of a query to the service the first time
+    // the caller invokes get*Stats APIs.
+    // This variable can be accessed from any thread with the lock held.
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private static TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig sRateLimitCacheConfig;
+
+    // Cache for getIfaceStats and getTotalStats binder interfaces.
+    // This variable can be accessed from any thread with the lock held,
+    // while the cache itself is thread-safe and can be accessed outside
+    // the lock.
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult> sRateLimitIfaceCache;
+
+    // Cache for getUidStats binder interface.
+    // This variable can be accessed from any thread with the lock held,
+    // while the cache itself is thread-safe and can be accessed outside
+    // the lock.
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult> sRateLimitUidCache;
+
+    // The variable will only be accessed in the test, which is effectively
+    // single-threaded.
+    @Nullable
+    private static LongSupplier sTimeSupplierForTest = null;
+
     @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P, trackingBug = 130143562)
     private synchronized static INetworkStatsService getStatsService() {
         if (sStatsServiceForTest != null) return sStatsServiceForTest;
@@ -215,6 +255,28 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Set time supplier for test, or null to reset.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public static void setTimeSupplierForTest(LongSupplier timeSupplier) {
+        sTimeSupplierForTest = timeSupplier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trigger query rate-limit cache config and initializing the caches.
+     *
+     * This is for test purpose.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting(visibility = PRIVATE)
+    public static void reinitRateLimitCacheForTest() {
+        maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(true /* forceReinit */);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Snapshot of {@link NetworkStats} when the currently active profiling
      * session started, or {@code null} if no session active.
      *
@@ -254,6 +316,92 @@
         sStatsService = statsManager.getBinder();
     }
 
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult> maybeGetRateLimitIfaceCache() {
+        if (!maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(false /* forceReinit */)) return null;
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            return sRateLimitIfaceCache;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult> maybeGetRateLimitUidCache() {
+        if (!maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(false /* forceReinit */)) return null;
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            return sRateLimitUidCache;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the rate limit cache configuration and init caches if null.
+     *
+     * Gets the configuration from the service as the configuration
+     * is not expected to change dynamically. And use it to initialize
+     * rate-limit cache if not yet initialized.
+     *
+     * @return whether the rate-limit cache is enabled.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    private static boolean maybeGetConfigAndInitRateLimitCache(boolean forceReinit) {
+        // Access the service outside the lock to avoid potential deadlocks. This is
+        // especially important when the caller is a system component (e.g.,
+        // NetworkPolicyManagerService) that might hold other locks that the service
+        // also needs.
+        // Although this introduces a race condition where multiple threads might
+        // query the service concurrently, it's acceptable in this case because the
+        // configuration doesn't change dynamically. The configuration only needs to
+        // be fetched once before initializing the cache.
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            if (sRateLimitCacheConfig != null && !forceReinit) {
+                return sRateLimitCacheConfig.isCacheEnabled;
+            }
+        }
+
+        final TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig config;
+        try {
+            config = getStatsService().getRateLimitCacheConfig();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
+        }
+
+        synchronized (sRateLimitCacheLock) {
+            if (sRateLimitCacheConfig == null || forceReinit) {
+                sRateLimitCacheConfig = config;
+                initRateLimitCacheLocked();
+            }
+        }
+        return config.isCacheEnabled;
+    }
+
+    @GuardedBy("sRateLimitCacheLock")
+    private static void initRateLimitCacheLocked() {
+        // Set up rate limiting caches.
+        // Use uid cache with UID_ALL to cache total stats.
+        if (sRateLimitCacheConfig.isCacheEnabled) {
+            // A time supplier which is monotonic until device reboots, and counts
+            // time spent in sleep. This is needed to ensure the get*Stats caller
+            // won't get stale value after system time adjustment or waking up from sleep.
+            final LongSupplier realtimeSupplier = (sTimeSupplierForTest != null
+                    ? sTimeSupplierForTest : () -> SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
+            sRateLimitIfaceCache = new LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult>(
+                    realtimeSupplier,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.expiryDurationMs,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.maxEntries,
+                    (statsResult) -> !isEmpty(statsResult)
+            );
+            sRateLimitUidCache = new LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult>(
+                    realtimeSupplier,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.expiryDurationMs,
+                    sRateLimitCacheConfig.maxEntries,
+                    (statsResult) -> !isEmpty(statsResult)
+            );
+        } else {
+            sRateLimitIfaceCache = null;
+            sRateLimitUidCache = null;
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Attach the socket tagger implementation to the current process, to
      * get notified when a socket's {@link FileDescriptor} is assigned to
@@ -736,6 +884,14 @@
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_STACK,
             android.Manifest.permission.NETWORK_SETTINGS})
     public static void clearRateLimitCaches() {
+        final LruCacheWithExpiry<String, StatsResult> ifaceCache = maybeGetRateLimitIfaceCache();
+        if (ifaceCache != null) {
+            ifaceCache.clear();
+        }
+        final LruCacheWithExpiry<Integer, StatsResult> uidCache = maybeGetRateLimitUidCache();
+        if (uidCache != null) {
+            uidCache.clear();
+        }
         try {
             getStatsService().clearTrafficStatsRateLimitCaches();
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -985,35 +1141,76 @@
 
     /** @hide */
     public static long getUidStats(int uid, int type) {
-        final StatsResult stats;
+        return fetchStats(maybeGetRateLimitUidCache(), uid,
+                () -> getStatsService().getUidStats(uid), type);
+    }
+
+    // Note: This method calls to the service, do not invoke this method with lock held.
+    private static <K> long fetchStats(
+            @Nullable LruCacheWithExpiry<K, StatsResult> cache, K key,
+            BinderUtils.ThrowingSupplier<StatsResult, RemoteException> statsFetcher, int type) {
         try {
-            stats = getStatsService().getUidStats(uid);
+            final StatsResult stats;
+            if (cache != null) {
+                stats = fetchStatsWithCache(cache, key, statsFetcher);
+            } else {
+                // Cache is not enabled, fetch directly from service.
+                stats = statsFetcher.get();
+            }
+            return getEntryValueForType(stats, type);
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
             throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
         }
-        return getEntryValueForType(stats, type);
+    }
+
+    // Note: This method calls to the service, do not invoke this method with lock held.
+    @Nullable
+    private static <K> StatsResult fetchStatsWithCache(LruCacheWithExpiry<K, StatsResult> cache,
+            K key, BinderUtils.ThrowingSupplier<StatsResult, RemoteException> statsFetcher)
+            throws RemoteException {
+        // Attempt to retrieve from the cache first.
+        StatsResult stats = cache.get(key);
+
+        // Although the cache instance is thread-safe, this can still introduce a
+        // race condition between threads of the same process, potentially
+        // returning non-monotonic results. This is because there is no lock
+        // between get, fetch, and put operations. This is considered acceptable
+        // because varying thread execution speeds can also cause non-monotonic
+        // results, even with locking.
+        if (stats == null) {
+            // Cache miss, fetch from the service.
+            stats = statsFetcher.get();
+
+            // Update the cache with the fetched result if valid.
+            if (stats != null && !isEmpty(stats)) {
+                final StatsResult cachedValue = cache.putIfAbsent(key, stats);
+                if (cachedValue != null) {
+                    // Some other thread cached a value after this thread
+                    // originally got a cache miss. Return the cached value
+                    // to ensure all returned values after caching are consistent.
+                    return cachedValue;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return stats;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isEmpty(StatsResult stats) {
+        return stats.equals(EMPTY_STATS);
     }
 
     /** @hide */
     public static long getTotalStats(int type) {
-        final StatsResult stats;
-        try {
-            stats = getStatsService().getTotalStats();
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-        }
-        return getEntryValueForType(stats, type);
+        // In practice, Bpf doesn't use UID_ALL for storing per-UID stats.
+        // Use uid cache with UID_ALL to cache total stats.
+        return fetchStats(maybeGetRateLimitUidCache(), UID_ALL,
+                () -> getStatsService().getTotalStats(), type);
     }
 
     /** @hide */
     public static long getIfaceStats(String iface, int type) {
-        final StatsResult stats;
-        try {
-            stats = getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface);
-        } catch (RemoteException e) {
-            throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
-        }
-        return getEntryValueForType(stats, type);
+        return fetchStats(maybeGetRateLimitIfaceCache(), iface,
+                () -> getStatsService().getIfaceStats(iface), type);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
index 92b2b09..eef867c 100644
--- a/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
+++ b/networksecurity/service/src/com/android/server/net/ct/CertificateTransparencyService.java
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
 package com.android.server.net.ct;
 
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
@@ -36,7 +37,8 @@
      */
     public static boolean enabled(Context context) {
         return DeviceConfig.getBoolean(
-                        Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Config.FLAG_SERVICE_ENABLED, false)
+                Config.NAMESPACE_NETWORK_SECURITY, Config.FLAG_SERVICE_ENABLED,
+                /* defaultValue= */ true)
                 && Flags.certificateTransparencyService();
     }
 
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
index b640c32..1212e29 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/connectivity/mdns/MdnsSocketProvider.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresApi;
+import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -164,6 +165,7 @@
         this(context, looper, new Dependencies(), sharedLog, socketRequestMonitor);
     }
 
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
     MdnsSocketProvider(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull Looper looper,
             @NonNull Dependencies deps, @NonNull SharedLog sharedLog,
             @NonNull SocketRequestMonitor socketRequestMonitor) {
@@ -335,6 +337,7 @@
     }
 
     /*** Start monitoring sockets by listening callbacks for sockets creation or removal */
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
     public void startMonitoringSockets() {
         ensureRunningOnHandlerThread(mHandler);
         mRequestStop = false; // Reset stop request flag.
@@ -365,6 +368,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
     private void maybeStopMonitoringSockets() {
         if (!mMonitoringSockets) return; // Already unregistered.
         if (!mRequestStop) return; // No stop request.
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
index fb712a1..a8e3203 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsService.java
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@
     @Nullable
     private final TrafficStatsRateLimitCache mTrafficStatsUidCache;
     // A feature flag to control whether the client-side rate limit cache should be enabled.
-    static final String TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public static final String TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
             "trafficstats_client_rate_limit_cache_enabled_flag";
     static final String TRAFFICSTATS_SERVICE_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG =
             "trafficstats_rate_limit_cache_enabled_flag";
diff --git a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
index 667aad1..4f99d1b 100644
--- a/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
+++ b/service-t/src/com/android/server/net/TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.java
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@
 /**
  * A thread-safe cache for storing and retrieving {@link NetworkStats.Entry} objects,
  * with an adjustable expiry duration to manage data freshness.
+ *
+ * @deprecated Use {@link LruCacheWithExpiry} instead.
  */
+// TODO: Remove this when service side rate limit cache solution is removed.
 class TrafficStatsRateLimitCache extends
         LruCacheWithExpiry<TrafficStatsRateLimitCache.TrafficStatsCacheKey, NetworkStats.Entry> {
 
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@
      * @param maxSize Maximum number of entries.
      */
     TrafficStatsRateLimitCache(@NonNull Clock clock, long expiryDurationMs, int maxSize) {
-        super(clock, expiryDurationMs, maxSize, it -> !it.isEmpty());
+        super(()-> clock.millis(), expiryDurationMs, maxSize, it -> !it.isEmpty());
     }
 
     public static class TrafficStatsCacheKey {
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index 0d0f6fc..f3b97bc 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -121,7 +121,6 @@
 import static android.net.connectivity.ConnectivityCompatChanges.NETWORK_BLOCKED_WITHOUT_INTERNET_PERMISSION;
 import static android.os.Process.INVALID_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.VPN_UID;
-import static android.provider.DeviceConfig.NAMESPACE_TETHERING;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.ETH_P_ALL;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_TCP;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
@@ -149,6 +148,7 @@
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.CELLULAR_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.DELAY_DESTROY_SOCKETS;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.INGRESS_TO_VPN_ADDRESS_FILTERING;
+import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.QUEUE_CALLBACKS_FOR_FROZEN_APPS;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.REQUEST_RESTRICTED_WIFI;
 import static com.android.server.connectivity.ConnectivityFlags.WIFI_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT;
@@ -1615,13 +1615,13 @@
 
         /** Returns the data inactivity timeout to be used for cellular networks */
         public int getDefaultCellularDataInactivityTimeout() {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT,
                     CELLULAR_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT, 10);
         }
 
         /** Returns the data inactivity timeout to be used for WiFi networks */
         public int getDefaultWifiDataInactivityTimeout() {
-            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(NAMESPACE_TETHERING,
+            return DeviceConfigUtils.getDeviceConfigPropertyInt(NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT,
                     WIFI_DATA_INACTIVITY_TIMEOUT, 15);
         }
 
diff --git a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
index 93335f1..136ea81 100644
--- a/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
+++ b/service/src/com/android/server/connectivity/ConnectivityFlags.java
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@
  */
 public final class ConnectivityFlags {
     /**
+     * Boot namespace for this module. Values from this should only be read at boot.
+     */
+    public static final String NAMESPACE_TETHERING_BOOT = "tethering_boot";
+
+    /**
      * Minimum module version at which to avoid rematching all requests when a network request is
      * registered, and rematch only the registered requests instead.
      */
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
index 310dbc9..c7ed911 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFdUtils.java
@@ -26,12 +26,13 @@
  */
 public class TimerFdUtils {
     static {
-        if (Process.myUid() == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+        final String jniLibName = JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(TimerFdUtils.class.getPackage());
+        if (jniLibName.equals("android_net_connectivity_com_android_net_module_util_jni")) {
             // This library is part of service-connectivity.jar when in the system server,
             // so libservice-connectivity.so is the library to load.
             System.loadLibrary("service-connectivity");
         } else {
-            System.loadLibrary(JniUtil.getJniLibraryName(TimerFdUtils.class.getPackage()));
+            System.loadLibrary(jniLibName);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbbccc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util;
+
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
+import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
+
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.MessageQueue;
+import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.util.CloseGuard;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a Timer file descriptor object used for scheduling tasks with precise delays.
+ * Compared to {@link Handler#postDelayed}, this class offers enhanced accuracy for delayed
+ * callbacks by accounting for periods when the device is in deep sleep.
+ *
+ *  <p> This class is designed for use exclusively from the handler thread.
+ *
+ * **Usage Examples:**
+ *
+ * ** Scheduling recurring tasks with the same TimerFileDescriptor **
+ *
+ * ```java
+ * // Create a TimerFileDescriptor
+ * final TimerFileDescriptor timerFd = new TimerFileDescriptor(handler);
+ *
+ * // Schedule a new task with a delay.
+ * timerFd.setDelayedTask(() -> taskToExecute(), delayTime);
+ *
+ * // Once the delay has elapsed, and the task is running, schedule another task.
+ * timerFd.setDelayedTask(() -> anotherTaskToExecute(), anotherDelayTime);
+ *
+ * // Remember to close the TimerFileDescriptor after all tasks have finished running.
+ * timerFd.close();
+ * ```
+ */
+public class TimerFileDescriptor {
+    private static final String TAG = TimerFileDescriptor.class.getSimpleName();
+    // EVENT_ERROR may be generated even if not specified, as per its javadoc.
+    private static final int FD_EVENTS = EVENT_INPUT | EVENT_ERROR;
+    private final CloseGuard mGuard = new CloseGuard();
+    @NonNull
+    private final Handler mHandler;
+    @NonNull
+    private final MessageQueue mQueue;
+    @NonNull
+    private final ParcelFileDescriptor mParcelFileDescriptor;
+    private final int mFdInt;
+    @Nullable
+    private ITask mTask;
+
+    /**
+     * An interface for defining tasks that can be executed using a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    public interface ITask {
+        /**
+         * Executes the task using the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for executing the task.
+         */
+        void post(Handler handler);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A task that sends a {@link Message} using a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    public static class MessageTask implements ITask {
+        private final Message mMessage;
+
+        public MessageTask(Message message) {
+            mMessage = message;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Sends the {@link Message} using the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for sending the message.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void post(Handler handler) {
+            handler.sendMessage(mMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A task that posts a {@link Runnable} to a {@link Handler}.
+     */
+    public static class RunnableTask implements ITask {
+        private final Runnable mRunnable;
+
+        public RunnableTask(Runnable runnable) {
+            mRunnable = runnable;
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Posts the {@link Runnable} to the provided {@link Handler}.
+         *
+         * @param handler The {@link Handler} to use for posting the runnable.
+         */
+        @Override
+        public void post(Handler handler) {
+            handler.post(mRunnable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * TimerFileDescriptor constructor
+     *
+     * Note: The constructor is currently safe to call on another thread because it only sets final
+     * members and registers the event to be called on the handler.
+     */
+    public TimerFileDescriptor(@NonNull Handler handler) {
+        mFdInt = TimerFdUtils.createTimerFileDescriptor();
+        mParcelFileDescriptor = ParcelFileDescriptor.adoptFd(mFdInt);
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mQueue = handler.getLooper().getQueue();
+        registerFdEventListener();
+
+        mGuard.open("close");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a task to be executed after a specified delay.
+     *
+     * <p> A task can only be scheduled once at a time. Cancel previous scheduled task before the
+     *     new task is scheduled.
+     *
+     * @param task the task to be executed
+     * @param delayMs the delay time in milliseconds
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if try to replace the current scheduled task
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the delay time is less than 0
+     */
+    public void setDelayedTask(@NonNull ITask task, long delayMs) {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        if (mTask != null) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("task is already scheduled");
+        }
+        if (delayMs <= 0L) {
+            task.post(mHandler);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, delayMs)) {
+            mTask = task;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cancel the scheduled task.
+     */
+    public void cancelTask() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        if (mTask == null) return;
+
+        TimerFdUtils.setExpirationTime(mFdInt, 0 /* delayMs */);
+        mTask = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if there is a scheduled task.
+     */
+    public boolean hasDelayedTask() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        return mTask != null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close the TimerFileDescriptor. This implementation closes the underlying
+     * OS resources allocated to represent this stream.
+     */
+    public void close() {
+        ensureRunningOnCorrectThread();
+        unregisterAndDestroyFd();
+    }
+
+    private void registerFdEventListener() {
+        mQueue.addOnFileDescriptorEventListener(
+                mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(),
+                FD_EVENTS,
+                (fd, events) -> {
+                    if (!isRunning()) {
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    if ((events & EVENT_INPUT) != 0) {
+                        handleExpiration();
+                    }
+                    return FD_EVENTS;
+                });
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRunning() {
+        return mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor().valid();
+    }
+
+    private void handleExpiration() {
+        // Execute the task
+        if (mTask != null) {
+            mTask.post(mHandler);
+            mTask = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void unregisterAndDestroyFd() {
+        if (mGuard != null) {
+            mGuard.close();
+        }
+
+        mQueue.removeOnFileDescriptorEventListener(mParcelFileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor());
+        try {
+            mParcelFileDescriptor.close();
+        } catch (IOException exception) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "close ParcelFileDescriptor failed. ", exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureRunningOnCorrectThread() {
+        if (mHandler.getLooper() != Looper.myLooper()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Not running on Handler thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
+        }
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("Finalize")
+    @Override
+    protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
+        if (mGuard != null) {
+            mGuard.warnIfOpen();
+        }
+        super.finalize();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
index 781a04e..dfb2053 100644
--- a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/NetlinkMessage.java
@@ -150,6 +150,8 @@
                 return (NetlinkMessage) RtNetlinkNeighborMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
             case NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWNDUSEROPT:
                 return (NetlinkMessage) NduseroptMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
+            case NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWPREFIX:
+                return (NetlinkMessage) RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.parse(nlmsghdr, byteBuffer);
             default: return null;
         }
     }
diff --git a/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.java b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c63fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/device/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.java
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+
+/**
+ * A NetlinkMessage subclass for rtnetlink address messages.
+ *
+ * RtNetlinkPrefixMessage.parse() must be called with a ByteBuffer that contains exactly one
+ * netlink message.
+ *
+ * see also:
+ *
+ *     include/uapi/linux/rtnetlink.h
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class RtNetlinkPrefixMessage extends NetlinkMessage {
+    public static final short PREFIX_ADDRESS       = 1;
+    public static final short PREFIX_CACHEINFO     = 2;
+
+    @NonNull
+    private StructPrefixMsg mPrefixmsg;
+    @NonNull
+    private IpPrefix mPrefix;
+    private long mPreferredLifetime;
+    private long mValidLifetime;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    public RtNetlinkPrefixMessage(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
+            @NonNull final StructPrefixMsg prefixmsg,
+            @NonNull final IpPrefix prefix,
+            long preferred, long valid) {
+        super(header);
+        mPrefixmsg = prefixmsg;
+        mPrefix = prefix;
+        mPreferredLifetime = preferred;
+        mValidLifetime = valid;
+    }
+
+    private RtNetlinkPrefixMessage(@NonNull StructNlMsgHdr header) {
+        this(header, null, null, 0 /* preferredLifetime */, 0 /* validLifetime */);
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public StructPrefixMsg getPrefixMsg() {
+        return mPrefixmsg;
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    public IpPrefix getPrefix() {
+        return mPrefix;
+    }
+
+    public long getPreferredLifetime() {
+        return mPreferredLifetime;
+    }
+
+    public long getValidLifetime() {
+        return mValidLifetime;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse rtnetlink prefix message from {@link ByteBuffer}. This method must be called with a
+     * ByteBuffer that contains exactly one netlink message.
+     *
+     * RTM_NEWPREFIX Message Format:
+     *  +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+---------------------+-----------------------+
+     *  | nlmsghdr | Pad |  prefixmsg  | Pad | PREFIX_ADDRESS attr | PREFIX_CACHEINFO attr |
+     *  +----------+- - -+-------------+- - -+---------------------+-----------------------+
+     *
+     * @param header netlink message header.
+     * @param byteBuffer the ByteBuffer instance that wraps the raw netlink message bytes.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public static RtNetlinkPrefixMessage parse(@NonNull final StructNlMsgHdr header,
+            @NonNull final ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        try {
+            final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage msg = new RtNetlinkPrefixMessage(header);
+            msg.mPrefixmsg = StructPrefixMsg.parse(byteBuffer);
+
+            // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+            final int baseOffset = byteBuffer.position();
+            StructNlAttr nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(PREFIX_ADDRESS, byteBuffer);
+            if (nlAttr == null) return null;
+            final Inet6Address addr = (Inet6Address) nlAttr.getValueAsInetAddress();
+            if (addr == null) return null;
+            msg.mPrefix = new IpPrefix(addr, msg.mPrefixmsg.prefix_len);
+
+            // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+            byteBuffer.position(baseOffset);
+            nlAttr = StructNlAttr.findNextAttrOfType(PREFIX_CACHEINFO, byteBuffer);
+            if (nlAttr == null) return null;
+            final ByteBuffer buffer = nlAttr.getValueAsByteBuffer();
+            if (buffer == null) return null;
+            final StructPrefixCacheInfo cacheinfo = StructPrefixCacheInfo.parse(buffer);
+            msg.mPreferredLifetime = cacheinfo.preferred_time;
+            msg.mValidLifetime = cacheinfo.valid_time;
+
+            return msg;
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a rtnetlink prefix message to {@link ByteBuffer}.
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected void pack(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
+        getHeader().pack(byteBuffer);
+        mPrefixmsg.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        // PREFIX_ADDRESS attribute
+        final StructNlAttr prefixAddress =
+                new StructNlAttr(PREFIX_ADDRESS, mPrefix.getRawAddress());
+        prefixAddress.pack(byteBuffer);
+
+        // PREFIX_CACHEINFO attribute
+        final StructPrefixCacheInfo cacheinfo =
+                new StructPrefixCacheInfo(mPreferredLifetime, mValidLifetime);
+        final StructNlAttr prefixCacheinfo =
+                new StructNlAttr(PREFIX_CACHEINFO, cacheinfo.writeToBytes());
+        prefixCacheinfo.pack(byteBuffer);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        return "RtNetlinkPrefixMessage{ "
+                + "nlmsghdr{" + mHeader.toString(OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE) + "}, "
+                + "prefixmsg{" + mPrefixmsg.toString() + "}, "
+                + "IP Prefix{" + mPrefix + "}, "
+                + "preferred lifetime{" + mPreferredLifetime + "}, "
+                + "valid lifetime{" + mValidLifetime + "} "
+                + "}";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
index f3d8c4a..760d849 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtils.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
+import java.lang.reflect.Array;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -413,4 +414,68 @@
         }
         return -1;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Concatenates multiple arrays of the same type into a single new array.
+     */
+    public static byte[] concatArrays(@NonNull byte[]... arr) {
+        int size = 0;
+        for (byte[] a : arr) {
+            size += a.length;
+        }
+        final byte[] result = new byte[size];
+        int offset = 0;
+        for (byte[] a : arr) {
+            System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, offset, a.length);
+            offset += a.length;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Concatenates multiple arrays of the same type into a single new array.
+     */
+    public static <T> T[] concatArrays(@NonNull Class<T> clazz, @NonNull T[]... arr) {
+        int size = 0;
+        for (T[] a : arr) {
+            size += a.length;
+        }
+        final T[] result = (T[]) Array.newInstance(clazz, size);
+        int offset = 0;
+        for (T[] a : arr) {
+            System.arraycopy(a, 0, result, offset, a.length);
+            offset += a.length;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepends the elements of a variable number of prefixes to an existing array (suffix).
+     */
+    public static byte[] prependArray(@NonNull byte[] suffix, @NonNull byte... prefixes) {
+        return concatArrays(prefixes, suffix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepends the elements of a variable number of prefixes to an existing array (suffix).
+     */
+    public static <T> T[] prependArray(@NonNull Class<T> clazz, @NonNull T[] suffix,
+            @NonNull T... prefixes) {
+        return concatArrays(clazz, prefixes, suffix);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the elements of a variable number of suffixes to an existing array (prefix).
+     */
+    public static byte[] appendArray(@NonNull byte[] prefix, @NonNull byte... suffixes) {
+        return concatArrays(prefix, suffixes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends the elements of a variable number of suffixes to an existing array (prefix).
+     */
+    public static <T> T[] appendArray(@NonNull Class<T> clazz, @NonNull T[] prefix,
+            @NonNull T... suffixes) {
+        return concatArrays(clazz, prefix, suffixes);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java
index a22c258..409f611 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/HexDump.java
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@
         if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return (c - 'A' + 10);
         if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return (c - 'a' + 10);
 
-        throw new RuntimeException("Invalid hex char '" + c + "'");
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid hex char '" + c + "'");
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java
index 80088b9..96d995a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiry.java
@@ -22,13 +22,13 @@
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 
-import java.time.Clock;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
 import java.util.function.Supplier;
 
 /**
- * An LRU cache that stores key-value pairs with an expiry time.
+ * A thread-safe LRU cache that stores key-value pairs with an expiry time.
  *
  * <p>This cache uses an {@link LruCache} to store entries and evicts the least
  * recently used entries when the cache reaches its maximum capacity. It also
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
  * @hide
  */
 public class LruCacheWithExpiry<K, V> {
-    private final Clock mClock;
+    private final LongSupplier mTimeSupplier;
     private final long mExpiryDurationMs;
     @GuardedBy("mMap")
     private final LruCache<K, CacheValue<V>> mMap;
@@ -50,16 +50,17 @@
     /**
      * Constructs a new {@link LruCacheWithExpiry} with the specified parameters.
      *
-     * @param clock            The {@link Clock} to use for determining timestamps.
+     * @param timeSupplier     The {@link java.util.function.LongSupplier} to use for
+     *                         determining timestamps.
      * @param expiryDurationMs The expiry duration for cached entries in milliseconds.
      * @param maxSize          The maximum number of entries to hold in the cache.
      * @param shouldCacheValue A {@link Predicate} that determines whether a given value should be
      *                         cached. This can be used to filter out certain values from being
      *                         stored in the cache.
      */
-    public LruCacheWithExpiry(@NonNull Clock clock, long expiryDurationMs, int maxSize,
-            Predicate<V> shouldCacheValue) {
-        mClock = clock;
+    public LruCacheWithExpiry(@NonNull LongSupplier timeSupplier, long expiryDurationMs,
+            int maxSize, Predicate<V> shouldCacheValue) {
+        mTimeSupplier = timeSupplier;
         mExpiryDurationMs = expiryDurationMs;
         mMap = new LruCache<>(maxSize);
         mShouldCacheValue = shouldCacheValue;
@@ -119,7 +120,26 @@
     public void put(@NonNull K key, @NonNull V value) {
         Objects.requireNonNull(value);
         synchronized (mMap) {
-            mMap.put(key, new CacheValue<>(mClock.millis(), value));
+            mMap.put(key, new CacheValue<>(mTimeSupplier.getAsLong(), value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stores a value in the cache if absent, associated with the given key.
+     *
+     * @param key   The key to associate with the value.
+     * @param value The value to store in the cache.
+     * @return The existing value associated with the key, if present; otherwise, null.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public V putIfAbsent(@NonNull K key, @NonNull V value) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
+        synchronized (mMap) {
+            final V existingValue = get(key);
+            if (existingValue == null) {
+                put(key, value);
+            }
+            return existingValue;
         }
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +153,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isExpired(long timestamp) {
-        return mClock.millis() > timestamp + mExpiryDurationMs;
+        return mTimeSupplier.getAsLong() > timestamp + mExpiryDurationMs;
     }
 
     private static class CacheValue<V> {
diff --git a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
index 5d588cc..4878334 100644
--- a/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
+++ b/staticlibs/framework/com/android/net/module/util/NetworkStackConstants.java
@@ -120,6 +120,8 @@
             (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0,
             (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0,
             (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0, (byte) 0 });
+    public static final Inet4Address IPV4_ADDR_ALL_HOST_MULTICAST =
+            (Inet4Address) InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("224.0.0.1");
 
     /**
      * CLAT constants
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 8c54e6a..9d1d291 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
         // For mockito extended
         "libdexmakerjvmtiagent",
         "libstaticjvmtiagent",
+        "libcom_android_net_moduletests_util_jni",
     ],
     jarjar_rules: "jarjar-rules.txt",
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e456471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_core_networking",
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libcom_android_net_moduletests_util_jni",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libnet_utils_device_common_timerfdjni",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a035540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/jni/com_android_net_moduletests_util/onload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "jni.h"
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NetworkStaticLibTestsJni"
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+int register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(JNIEnv *env,
+                                                      char const *class_name);
+
+extern "C" jint JNI_OnLoad(JavaVM *vm, void *) {
+  JNIEnv *env;
+  if (vm->GetEnv(reinterpret_cast<void **>(&env), JNI_VERSION_1_6) != JNI_OK) {
+    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, LOG_TAG, "ERROR: GetEnv failed");
+    return JNI_ERR;
+  }
+
+  if (register_com_android_net_module_util_TimerFdUtils(
+          env, "com/android/net/moduletests/util/TimerFdUtils") < 0)
+    return JNI_ERR;
+
+  return JNI_VERSION_1_6;
+}
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
index 7244803..1aa943e 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/CollectionUtilsTest.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import android.util.SparseArray
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4
-import com.android.testutils.assertThrows
+import kotlin.test.assertContentEquals
 import org.junit.Test
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith
 import kotlin.test.assertEquals
@@ -196,4 +196,88 @@
         assertEquals(1, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value1Copy))
         assertEquals(2, CollectionUtils.getIndexForValue(sparseArray, value2))
     }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatEmptyByteArrays() {
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrayOf(),
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(byteArrayOf(), byteArrayOf())
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatEmptyStringArrays() {
+        assertContentEquals(
+                arrayOf<String>(),
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(
+                        String::class.java,
+                        arrayOf<String>(),
+                        arrayOf<String>()
+                )
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatByteArrays() {
+        val byteArr1 = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3)
+        val byteArr2 = byteArrayOf(4, 5, 6)
+        val byteArr3 = byteArrayOf()
+        val byteArrExpected = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(byteArr1, byteArr2, byteArr3)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConcatStringArrays() {
+        val stringArr1 = arrayOf("1", "2", "3")
+        val stringArr2 = arrayOf("4", "5", "6")
+        val strinvArr3 = arrayOf<String>()
+        val stringArrExpected = arrayOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
+        assertContentEquals(
+                stringArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.concatArrays(String::class.java, stringArr1, stringArr2, strinvArr3)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPrependByteArrays() {
+        val byteArr2 = byteArrayOf(4, 5, 6)
+        val byteArrExpected = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.prependArray(byteArr2, 1, 2, 3)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPrependStringArrays() {
+        val stringArr2 = arrayOf("4", "5", "6")
+        val stringArrExpected = arrayOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
+        assertContentEquals(
+                stringArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.prependArray(String::class.java, stringArr2, "1", "2", "3")
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAppendByteArrays() {
+        val byteArr1 = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3)
+        val byteArrExpected = byteArrayOf(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
+        assertContentEquals(
+                byteArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.appendArray(byteArr1, 4, 5, 6)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testAppendStringArrays() {
+        val stringArr1 = arrayOf("1", "2", "3")
+        val stringArrExpected = arrayOf("1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6")
+        assertContentEquals(
+                stringArrExpected,
+                CollectionUtils.appendArray(String::class.java, stringArr1, "4", "5", "6")
+        )
+    }
 }
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java
index 5a15585..f81978a 100644
--- a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/HexDumpTest.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertArrayEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
 
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
@@ -50,6 +51,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testInvalidHexStringToByteArray() {
+        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> HexDump.hexStringToByteArray("abxX"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testIntegerToByteArray() {
         assertArrayEquals(new byte[]{(byte) 0xff, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x04},
                 HexDump.toByteArray((int) 0xff000004));
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiryTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiryTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6af892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/LruCacheWithExpiryTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util
+
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Assert.assertNull
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+class LruCacheWithExpiryTest {
+
+    companion object {
+        private const val CACHE_SIZE = 2
+        private const val EXPIRY_DURATION_MS = 1000L
+    }
+
+    private val timeSupplier = object : LongSupplier {
+        private var currentTimeMillis = 0L
+        override fun getAsLong(): Long = currentTimeMillis
+        fun advanceTime(millis: Long) { currentTimeMillis += millis }
+    }
+
+    private val cache = LruCacheWithExpiry<Int, String>(
+            timeSupplier, EXPIRY_DURATION_MS, CACHE_SIZE) { true }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_keyNotPresent() {
+        val value = cache.putIfAbsent(1, "value1")
+        assertNull(value)
+        assertEquals("value1", cache.get(1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_keyPresent() {
+        cache.put(1, "value1")
+        val value = cache.putIfAbsent(1, "value2")
+        assertEquals("value1", value)
+        assertEquals("value1", cache.get(1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_keyPresentButExpired() {
+        cache.put(1, "value1")
+        // Advance time to expire the entry
+        timeSupplier.advanceTime(EXPIRY_DURATION_MS + 1)
+        val value = cache.putIfAbsent(1, "value2")
+        assertNull(value)
+        assertEquals("value2", cache.get(1))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPutIfAbsent_maxSizeReached() {
+        cache.put(1, "value1")
+        cache.put(2, "value2")
+        cache.putIfAbsent(3, "value3") // This should evict the least recently used entry (1)
+        assertNull(cache.get(1))
+        assertEquals("value2", cache.get(2))
+        assertEquals("value3", cache.get(3))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5e47c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/TimerFileDescriptorTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util
+
+import android.os.Build
+import android.os.ConditionVariable
+import android.os.Handler
+import android.os.HandlerThread
+import android.os.Looper
+import android.os.Message
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.ITask
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.MessageTask
+import com.android.net.module.util.TimerFileDescriptor.RunnableTask
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.tryTest
+import com.android.testutils.visibleOnHandlerThread
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.time.Instant
+import kotlin.test.assertFalse
+import kotlin.test.assertTrue
+
+private const val MSG_TEST = 1
+
+@DevSdkIgnoreRunner.MonitorThreadLeak
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@SmallTest
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+class TimerFileDescriptorTest {
+    private class TestHandler(looper: Looper) : Handler(looper) {
+        override fun handleMessage(msg: Message) {
+            val cv = msg.obj as ConditionVariable
+            cv.open()
+        }
+    }
+    private val thread = HandlerThread(TimerFileDescriptorTest::class.simpleName).apply { start() }
+    private val handler by lazy { TestHandler(thread.looper) }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        thread.quitSafely()
+        thread.join()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertDelayedTaskPost(
+            timerFd: TimerFileDescriptor,
+            task: ITask,
+            cv: ConditionVariable
+    ) {
+        val delayTime = 10L
+        val startTime1 = Instant.now()
+        handler.post { timerFd.setDelayedTask(task, delayTime) }
+        assertTrue(cv.block(100L /* timeoutMs*/))
+        assertTrue(Duration.between(startTime1, Instant.now()).toMillis() >= delayTime)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSetDelayedTask() {
+        val timerFd = TimerFileDescriptor(handler)
+        tryTest {
+            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the self-implemented ITask
+            val cv1 = ConditionVariable()
+            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, { cv1.open() }, cv1)
+
+            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the RunnableTask
+            val cv2 = ConditionVariable()
+            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, RunnableTask{ cv2.open() }, cv2)
+
+            // Verify the delayed task is executed with the MessageTask
+            val cv3 = ConditionVariable()
+            assertDelayedTaskPost(timerFd, MessageTask(handler.obtainMessage(MSG_TEST, cv3)), cv3)
+        } cleanup {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { timerFd.close() }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testCancelTask() {
+        // The task is posted and canceled within the same handler loop, so the short delay used
+        // here won't cause flakes.
+        val delayTime = 10L
+        val timerFd = TimerFileDescriptor(handler)
+        val cv = ConditionVariable()
+        tryTest {
+            handler.post {
+                timerFd.setDelayedTask({ cv.open() }, delayTime)
+                assertTrue(timerFd.hasDelayedTask())
+                timerFd.cancelTask()
+                assertFalse(timerFd.hasDelayedTask())
+            }
+            assertFalse(cv.block(20L /* timeoutMs*/))
+        } cleanup {
+            visibleOnHandlerThread(handler) { timerFd.close() }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest.java b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1779cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/staticlibs/tests/unit/src/com/android/net/module/util/netlink/RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.net.module.util.netlink;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.NETLINK_ROUTE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.system.OsConstants;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import com.android.net.module.util.HexDump;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.ByteOrder;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class RtNetlinkPrefixMessageTest {
+    private static final IpPrefix TEST_PREFIX = new IpPrefix("2001:db8:1:1::/64");
+
+    // An example of the full RTM_NEWPREFIX message.
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX =
+            "3C000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "1400010020010DB8000100010000000000000000"  // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D2700";                 // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+
+    private ByteBuffer toByteBuffer(final String hexString) {
+        return ByteBuffer.wrap(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(hexString));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkPrefixMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage prefixmsg = (RtNetlinkPrefixMessage) msg;
+
+        final StructNlMsgHdr hdr = prefixmsg.getHeader();
+        assertNotNull(hdr);
+        assertEquals(60, hdr.nlmsg_len);
+        assertEquals(NetlinkConstants.RTM_NEWPREFIX, hdr.nlmsg_type);
+        assertEquals(0, hdr.nlmsg_flags);
+        assertEquals(0, hdr.nlmsg_seq);
+        assertEquals(0, hdr.nlmsg_pid);
+
+        final StructPrefixMsg prefixmsgHdr = prefixmsg.getPrefixMsg();
+        assertNotNull(prefixmsgHdr);
+        assertEquals((byte) OsConstants.AF_INET6, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_family);
+        assertEquals(3, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_type);
+        assertEquals(64, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_len);
+        assertEquals(0x03, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_flags);
+        assertEquals(0x2F, prefixmsgHdr.prefix_ifindex);
+
+        assertEquals(prefixmsg.getPrefix(), TEST_PREFIX);
+        assertEquals(604800L, prefixmsg.getPreferredLifetime());
+        assertEquals(2592000L, prefixmsg.getValidLifetime());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPackRtmNewPrefix() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkPrefixMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage prefixmsg = (RtNetlinkPrefixMessage) msg;
+
+        final ByteBuffer packBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(60);
+        packBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        prefixmsg.pack(packBuffer);
+        assertEquals(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX, HexDump.toHexString(packBuffer.array()));
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX =
+            "24000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D2700";                 // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_withoutPrefixAddressAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX =
+            "30000000340000000000000000000000"             // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                   // struct prefixmsg
+            + "140001002A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000";  // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_withoutPrefixCacheinfoAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_WITHOUT_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX =
+            "3C000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "140001002A0079E10ABCF605000000000000"      // PREFIX_ADDRESS (truncated)
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D2700";                 // PREFIX_CACHEINFO
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_truncatedPrefixAddressAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_ADDRESS_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    private static final String RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX =
+            "3C000000340000000000000000000000"            // struct nlmsghr
+            + "0A0000002F00000003400300"                  // struct prefixmsg
+            + "140001002A0079E10ABCF6050000000000000000"  // PREFIX_ADDRESS
+            + "0C000200803A0900008D";                     // PREFIX_CACHEINFO (truncated)
+
+    @Test
+    public void testParseRtmNewPrefix_truncatedPrefixCacheinfoAttribute() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_TRUNCATED_PREFIX_CACHEINFO_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNull(msg);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testToString() {
+        final ByteBuffer byteBuffer = toByteBuffer(RTM_NEWPREFIX_HEX);
+        byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        final NetlinkMessage msg = NetlinkMessage.parse(byteBuffer, NETLINK_ROUTE);
+        assertNotNull(msg);
+        assertTrue(msg instanceof RtNetlinkPrefixMessage);
+        final RtNetlinkPrefixMessage prefixmsg = (RtNetlinkPrefixMessage) msg;
+        final String expected = "RtNetlinkPrefixMessage{ "
+                + "nlmsghdr{StructNlMsgHdr{ nlmsg_len{60}, nlmsg_type{52(RTM_NEWPREFIX)}, "
+                + "nlmsg_flags{0()}, nlmsg_seq{0}, nlmsg_pid{0} }}, "
+                + "prefixmsg{prefix_family: 10, prefix_ifindex: 47, prefix_type: 3, "
+                + "prefix_len: 64, prefix_flags: 3}, "
+                + "IP Prefix{2001:db8:1:1::/64}, "
+                + "preferred lifetime{604800}, valid lifetime{2592000} }";
+        assertEquals(expected, prefixmsg.toString());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
index e5b8471..0624e5f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/devicetests/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.kt
@@ -43,9 +43,14 @@
 import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel.isAtLeastS
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream
+import java.io.CharArrayWriter
 import java.io.File
 import java.io.FileOutputStream
+import java.io.FileReader
+import java.io.OutputStream
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter
 import java.io.PrintWriter
+import java.io.Reader
 import java.time.ZonedDateTime
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture
@@ -80,7 +85,38 @@
         var instance: ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector? = null
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Indicates tcpdump should be started and written to the diagnostics file on test case failure.
+     */
+    annotation class CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
+
+    private class DumpThread(
+        // Keep a reference to the ParcelFileDescriptor otherwise GC would close it
+        private val fd: ParcelFileDescriptor,
+        private val reader: Reader
+    ) : Thread() {
+        private val writer = CharArrayWriter()
+        override fun run() {
+            reader.copyTo(writer)
+        }
+
+        fun closeAndWriteTo(output: OutputStream?) {
+            join()
+            fd.close()
+            if (output != null) {
+                val outputWriter = OutputStreamWriter(output)
+                outputWriter.write("--- tcpdump stopped at ${ZonedDateTime.now()} ---\n")
+                writer.writeTo(outputWriter)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private data class TcpdumpRun(val pid: Int, val reader: DumpThread)
+
     private var failureHeader: String? = null
+
+    // Accessed from the test listener methods which are synchronized by junit (see TestListener)
+    private var tcpdumpRun: TcpdumpRun? = null
     private val buffer = ByteArrayOutputStream()
     private val failureHeaderExtras = mutableMapOf<String, Any>()
     private val collectorDir: File by lazy {
@@ -157,7 +193,57 @@
         flushBufferToFileMetric(testData, baseFilename)
     }
 
+    override fun onTestStart(testData: DataRecord, description: Description) {
+        val tcpdumpAnn = description.annotations.firstOrNull { it is CollectTcpdumpOnFailure }
+                as? CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
+        if (tcpdumpAnn != null) {
+            startTcpdumpForTestcaseIfSupported()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun startTcpdumpForTestcaseIfSupported() {
+        if (!DeviceInfoUtils.isDebuggable()) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Cannot start tcpdump, build is not debuggable")
+            return
+        }
+        if (tcpdumpRun != null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Cannot start tcpdump: it is already running")
+            return
+        }
+        // executeShellCommand won't tokenize quoted arguments containing spaces (like pcap filters)
+        // properly, so pass in the command in stdin instead of using sh -c 'command'
+        val fds = instrumentation.uiAutomation.executeShellCommandRw("sh")
+
+        val stdout = fds[0]
+        val stdin = fds[1]
+        ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseOutputStream(stdin).use { writer ->
+            // Echo the current pid, and replace it (with exec) with the tcpdump process, so the
+            // tcpdump pid is known.
+            writer.write(
+                "echo $$; exec su 0 tcpdump -n -i any -U -xx".encodeToByteArray()
+            )
+        }
+        val reader = FileReader(stdout.fileDescriptor).buffered()
+        val tcpdumpPid = Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine())
+        val dumpThread = DumpThread(stdout, reader)
+        dumpThread.start()
+        tcpdumpRun = TcpdumpRun(tcpdumpPid, dumpThread)
+    }
+
+    private fun stopTcpdumpIfRunning(output: OutputStream?) {
+        val run = tcpdumpRun ?: return
+        // Send SIGTERM for graceful shutdown of tcpdump so that it can flush its output
+        executeCommandBlocking("su 0 kill ${run.pid}")
+        run.reader.closeAndWriteTo(output)
+        tcpdumpRun = null
+    }
+
     override fun onTestEnd(testData: DataRecord, description: Description) {
+        // onTestFail is called before onTestEnd, so if the test failed tcpdump would already have
+        // been stopped and output dumped. Here this stops tcpdump if the test succeeded, throwing
+        // away its output.
+        stopTcpdumpIfRunning(output = null)
+
         // Tests may call methods like collectDumpsysConnectivity to collect diagnostics at any time
         // during the run, for example to observe state at various points to investigate a flake
         // and compare passing/failing cases.
@@ -196,6 +282,7 @@
                 fos.write("\n".toByteArray())
             }
             fos.write(buffer.toByteArray())
+            stopTcpdumpIfRunning(fos)
         }
         failureHeader = null
         buffer.reset()
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt b/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
index f6168af..a99359b 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/java/com/android/testutils/ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer.kt
@@ -18,12 +18,15 @@
 
 import com.android.ddmlib.testrunner.TestResult
 import com.android.tradefed.config.Option
+import com.android.tradefed.invoker.ExecutionFiles.FilesKey
 import com.android.tradefed.invoker.TestInformation
+import com.android.tradefed.log.LogUtil.CLog
 import com.android.tradefed.result.CollectingTestListener
 import com.android.tradefed.result.ddmlib.DefaultRemoteAndroidTestRunner
 import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.BaseTargetPreparer
 import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.TargetSetupError
 import com.android.tradefed.targetprep.suite.SuiteApkInstaller
+import java.io.File
 
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK = "ConnectivityTestPreparer.apk"
 private const val CONNECTIVITY_PKG_NAME = "com.android.testutils.connectivitypreparer"
@@ -48,7 +51,41 @@
  * --test-arg com.android.testutils.ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer:ignore-wifi-check:true".
  */
 open class ConnectivityTestTargetPreparer : BaseTargetPreparer() {
-    private val installer = SuiteApkInstaller()
+    private val installer = ApkInstaller()
+
+    private class ApkInstaller : SuiteApkInstaller() {
+        override fun getLocalPathForFilename(
+            testInfo: TestInformation,
+            apkFileName: String
+        ): File {
+            if (apkFileName == CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK) {
+                // For the connectivity checker APK, explicitly look for it in the directory of the
+                // host-side preparer.
+                // This preparer is part of the net-tests-utils-host-common library, which includes
+                // the checker APK via device_common_data in its build rule. Both need to be at the
+                // same version so that the preparer calls the right test methods in the checker
+                // APK.
+                // The default strategy for finding test files is to do a recursive search in test
+                // directories, which may find wrong files in wrong directories. In particular,
+                // if some MTS test includes the checker APK, and that test is linked to a module
+                // that boards the train at a version different from this target preparer, there
+                // could be a version difference between the APK and the host-side preparer.
+                // Explicitly looking for the APK in the host-side preparer directory ensures that
+                // it uses the version that was packaged together with the host-side preparer.
+                val testsDir = testInfo.executionFiles().get(FilesKey.TESTS_DIRECTORY)
+                val f = File(testsDir, "net-tests-utils-host-common/$CONNECTIVITY_CHECKER_APK")
+                if (f.isFile) {
+                    return f
+                }
+                // When running locally via atest, device_common_data does cause the APK to be put
+                // into the test temp directory, so recursive search is still used to find it in the
+                // directory of the test module that is being run. This is fine because atest runs
+                // are on local trees that do not have versioning problems.
+                CLog.i("APK not found at $f, falling back to recursive search")
+            }
+            return super.getLocalPathForFilename(testInfo, apkFileName)
+        }
+    }
 
     @Option(
         name = IGNORE_WIFI_CHECK,
@@ -179,7 +216,7 @@
                 .contains(":deny")
         }
 
-    private fun refreshTime(testInfo: TestInformation,) {
+    private fun refreshTime(testInfo: TestInformation) {
         // Forces a synchronous time refresh using the network. Time is fetched synchronously but
         // this does not guarantee that system time is updated when it returns.
         // This avoids flakes where the system clock rolls back, for example when using test
diff --git a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
index 702b596..c63de1f 100644
--- a/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
+++ b/staticlibs/testutils/host/python/tether_utils.py
@@ -108,3 +108,6 @@
     server.unregisterAll()
   # Teardown the hotspot.
   server.stopAllTethering()
+  # Some test cases would disable wifi, e.g. cellular upstream tests.
+  # Reconnect to it if feasible.
+  server.reconnectWifiIfSupported()
diff --git a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
index 49688cc..6da7e9a 100644
--- a/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/multidevices/snippet/ConnectivityMultiDevicesSnippet.kt
@@ -89,6 +89,11 @@
         ctsNetUtils.expectNetworkIsSystemDefault(network)
     }
 
+    @Rpc(description = "Reconnect to wifi if supported.")
+    fun reconnectWifiIfSupported() {
+        ctsNetUtils.reconnectWifiIfSupported()
+    }
+
     @Rpc(description = "Unregister all connections.")
     fun unregisterAll() {
         cbHelper.unregisterAll()
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
index 10adee0..65daf57 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsBinderTest.java
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
             } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                 /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
                 return;
-            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException | NoSuchMethodError e) {
                 /* not vulnerable if hidden API no longer available */
                 return;
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
index e3d7240..005f6ad 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NetworkStatsManagerTest.java
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.SystemUtil;
 import com.android.modules.utils.build.SdkLevel;
 import com.android.testutils.AutoReleaseNetworkCallbackRule;
+import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector;
 import com.android.testutils.ConnectivityModuleTest;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
 import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
@@ -759,6 +760,7 @@
                 bucket.getRxBytes(), bucket.getTxBytes()));
     }
 
+    @ConnectivityDiagnosticsCollector.CollectTcpdumpOnFailure
     @Test
     public void testUidTagStateDetails() throws Exception {
         for (int i = 0; i < mNetworkInterfacesToTest.length; ++i) {
diff --git a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
index 24af42b..1973899 100644
--- a/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
+++ b/tests/cts/net/src/android/net/cts/NsdManagerDownstreamTetheringTest.kt
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
             assertEquals(downstreamIface.name, iface)
             val request = TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_LOCAL).build()
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(
                 iface, request,
                 null /* any upstream */
             ).apply {
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
             val request = TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_ETHERNET)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build()
-            tetheringEventCallback = enableEthernetTethering(
+            tetheringEventCallback = enableTethering(
                 iface, request,
                 null /* any upstream */
             ).apply {
diff --git a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
index b294d63..e0e22e5 100644
--- a/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/cts/tethering/src/android/tethering/cts/TetheringManagerTest.java
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_ETHERNET;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_NCM;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_VIRTUAL;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHERING_WIFI_P2P;
 import static android.net.TetheringManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKNOWN;
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
@@ -303,6 +305,13 @@
         tr3.setUid(uid);
         tr3.setPackageName(packageName);
         assertEquals(tr2, tr3);
+
+        final String interfaceName = "test_iface";
+        final TetheringRequest tr4 = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_VIRTUAL)
+                .setInterfaceName(interfaceName)
+                .setConnectivityScope(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL).build();
+        assertEquals(interfaceName, tr4.getInterfaceName());
+        assertEquals(CONNECTIVITY_SCOPE_GLOBAL, tr4.getConnectivityScope());
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -320,23 +329,40 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testTetheringRequestSetInterfaceNameFailsExceptTetheringVirtual() {
+        for (int type : List.of(TETHERING_USB, TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, TETHERING_NCM,
+                TETHERING_ETHERNET)) {
+            try {
+                new TetheringRequest.Builder(type).setInterfaceName("test_iface");
+                fail("Was able to set interface name for tethering type " + type);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                // Success
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testTetheringRequestParcelable() {
         final SoftApConfiguration softApConfiguration = createSoftApConfiguration("SSID");
         final LinkAddress localAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.5/24");
         final LinkAddress clientAddr = new LinkAddress("192.168.24.100/24");
-        final TetheringRequest withConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+        final TetheringRequest withApConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
                 .setSoftApConfiguration(softApConfiguration)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
-        final TetheringRequest withoutConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
+        final TetheringRequest withoutApConfig = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI)
                 .setStaticIpv4Addresses(localAddr, clientAddr)
                 .setExemptFromEntitlementCheck(true)
                 .setShouldShowEntitlementUi(false).build();
-        assertEquals(withConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withConfig));
-        assertEquals(withoutConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutConfig));
-        assertNotEquals(withConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutConfig));
-        assertNotEquals(withoutConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withConfig));
+        assertEquals(withApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withApConfig));
+        assertEquals(withoutApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutApConfig));
+        assertNotEquals(withApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withoutApConfig));
+        assertNotEquals(withoutApConfig, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withApConfig));
+
+        final TetheringRequest withIfaceName = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_VIRTUAL)
+                .setInterfaceName("test_iface").build();
+        assertEquals(withIfaceName, ParcelUtils.parcelingRoundTrip(withIfaceName));
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -420,6 +446,18 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testStopTetheringRequest() throws Exception {
+        TetheringRequest request = new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build();
+        Executor executor = Runnable::run;
+        TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback callback =
+                new TetheringManager.StopTetheringCallback() {};
+        try {
+            mTM.stopTethering(request, executor, callback);
+            fail("stopTethering should throw UnsupportedOperationException");
+        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expect) { }
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testEnableTetheringPermission() throws Exception {
         final StartTetheringCallback startTetheringCallback = new StartTetheringCallback();
         mTM.startTethering(new TetheringRequest.Builder(TETHERING_WIFI).build(),
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f85daf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/java/android/net/TrafficStatsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net
+
+import android.net.TrafficStats.UNSUPPORTED
+import android.net.netstats.StatsResult
+import android.net.netstats.TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig
+import android.os.Build
+import com.android.server.net.NetworkStatsService.TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule
+import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule
+import com.android.testutils.com.android.testutils.SetFeatureFlagsRule.FeatureFlag
+import org.junit.After
+import org.junit.Assert.assertEquals
+import org.junit.Before
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+import org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations
+import org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn
+import org.mockito.Mockito.mock
+import org.mockito.Mockito.times
+import org.mockito.Mockito.verify
+import java.util.HashMap
+import java.util.function.LongSupplier
+
+const val TEST_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS = 1000
+const val TEST_IFACE = "wlan0"
+
+@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner::class)
+@DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo(Build.VERSION_CODES.S_V2)
+class TrafficStatsTest {
+    private val binder = mock(INetworkStatsService::class.java)
+    private val myUid = android.os.Process.myUid()
+    private val mockMyUidStatsResult = StatsResult(5L, 6L, 7L, 8L)
+    private val mockIfaceStatsResult = StatsResult(7L, 3L, 10L, 21L)
+    private val mockTotalStatsResult = StatsResult(8L, 1L, 5L, 2L)
+    private val secondUidStatsResult = StatsResult(3L, 7L, 10L, 5L)
+    private val secondIfaceStatsResult = StatsResult(9L, 8L, 7L, 6L)
+    private val secondTotalStatsResult = StatsResult(4L, 3L, 2L, 1L)
+    private val emptyStatsResult = StatsResult(0L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+    private val unsupportedStatsResult =
+            StatsResult(UNSUPPORTED.toLong(), UNSUPPORTED.toLong(),
+                    UNSUPPORTED.toLong(), UNSUPPORTED.toLong())
+
+    private val cacheDisabledConfig = TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+            .setIsCacheEnabled(false)
+            .setExpiryDurationMs(0)
+            .setMaxEntries(0)
+            .build()
+    private val cacheEnabledConfig = TrafficStatsRateLimitCacheConfig.Builder()
+            .setIsCacheEnabled(true)
+            .setExpiryDurationMs(TEST_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS)
+            .setMaxEntries(100)
+            .build()
+    private val mTestTimeSupplier = TestTimeSupplier()
+
+    private val featureFlags = HashMap<String, Boolean>()
+
+    // This will set feature flags from @FeatureFlag annotations
+    // into the map before setUp() runs.
+    @get:Rule
+    val setFeatureFlagsRule = SetFeatureFlagsRule(
+            { name, enabled -> featureFlags.put(name, enabled == true) },
+            { name -> featureFlags.getOrDefault(name, false) }
+    )
+
+    class TestTimeSupplier : LongSupplier {
+        private var currentTimeMillis = 0L
+
+        override fun getAsLong() = currentTimeMillis
+
+        fun advanceTime(millis: Int) {
+            currentTimeMillis += millis
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    fun setUp() {
+        TrafficStats.setServiceForTest(binder)
+        TrafficStats.setTimeSupplierForTest(mTestTimeSupplier)
+        mockStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        if (featureFlags.getOrDefault(TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, false)) {
+            doReturn(cacheEnabledConfig).`when`(binder).getRateLimitCacheConfig()
+        } else {
+            doReturn(cacheDisabledConfig).`when`(binder).getRateLimitCacheConfig()
+        }
+        TrafficStats.reinitRateLimitCacheForTest()
+    }
+
+    @After
+    fun tearDown() {
+        TrafficStats.setServiceForTest(null)
+        TrafficStats.setTimeSupplierForTest(null)
+        TrafficStats.reinitRateLimitCacheForTest()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertUidStats(uid: Int, stats: StatsResult) {
+        assertEquals(stats.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid))
+        assertEquals(stats.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getUidRxPackets(uid))
+        assertEquals(stats.txBytes, TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid))
+        assertEquals(stats.txPackets, TrafficStats.getUidTxPackets(uid))
+    }
+
+    private fun assertIfaceStats(iface: String, stats: StatsResult) {
+        assertEquals(stats.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getRxBytes(iface))
+        assertEquals(stats.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getRxPackets(iface))
+        assertEquals(stats.txBytes, TrafficStats.getTxBytes(iface))
+        assertEquals(stats.txPackets, TrafficStats.getTxPackets(iface))
+    }
+
+    private fun assertTotalStats(stats: StatsResult) {
+        assertEquals(stats.rxBytes, TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes())
+        assertEquals(stats.rxPackets, TrafficStats.getTotalRxPackets())
+        assertEquals(stats.txBytes, TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes())
+        assertEquals(stats.txPackets, TrafficStats.getTotalTxPackets())
+    }
+
+    private fun mockStats(uidStats: StatsResult?, ifaceStats: StatsResult?,
+                          totalStats: StatsResult?) {
+        doReturn(uidStats).`when`(binder).getUidStats(myUid)
+        doReturn(ifaceStats).`when`(binder).getIfaceStats(TEST_IFACE)
+        doReturn(totalStats).`when`(binder).getTotalStats()
+    }
+
+    private fun assertStats(uidStats: StatsResult, ifaceStats: StatsResult,
+                            totalStats: StatsResult) {
+        assertUidStats(myUid, uidStats)
+        assertIfaceStats(TEST_IFACE, ifaceStats)
+        assertTotalStats(totalStats)
+    }
+
+    private fun assertStatsFetchInvocations(wantedInvocations: Int) {
+        verify(binder, times(wantedInvocations)).getUidStats(myUid)
+        verify(binder, times(wantedInvocations)).getIfaceStats(TEST_IFACE)
+        verify(binder, times(wantedInvocations)).getTotalStats()
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    fun testRateLimitCacheExpiry_cacheEnabled() {
+        // Initial fetch, verify binder calls.
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(1)
+
+        // Advance time within expiry, verify cached values used.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mockStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        mTestTimeSupplier.advanceTime(1)
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(0)
+
+        // Advance time to expire cache, verify new values fetched.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mTestTimeSupplier.advanceTime(TEST_EXPIRY_DURATION_MS)
+        assertStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(1)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    fun testRateLimitCacheExpiry_cacheDisabled() {
+        // Initial fetch, verify binder calls.
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+
+        // Advance time within expiry, verify new values fetched.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mockStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        mTestTimeSupplier.advanceTime(1)
+        assertStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    fun testInvalidStatsNotCached_cacheEnabled() {
+        doTestInvalidStatsNotCached()
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    fun testInvalidStatsNotCached_cacheDisabled() {
+        doTestInvalidStatsNotCached()
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestInvalidStatsNotCached() {
+        // Mock null stats, this usually happens when the query is not valid,
+        // e.g. query uid stats of other application.
+        mockStats(null, null, null)
+        assertStats(unsupportedStatsResult, unsupportedStatsResult, unsupportedStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+
+        // Verify null stats is not cached, and mock empty stats. This usually
+        // happens when queries with non-existent interface names.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        mockStats(emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult)
+        assertStats(emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+
+        // Verify empty result is also not cached.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        assertStats(emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult, emptyStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(4)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG)
+    @Test
+    fun testClearRateLimitCaches_cacheEnabled() {
+        doTestClearRateLimitCaches(true)
+    }
+
+    @FeatureFlag(name = TRAFFICSTATS_CLIENT_RATE_LIMIT_CACHE_ENABLED_FLAG, enabled = false)
+    @Test
+    fun testClearRateLimitCaches_cacheDisabled() {
+        doTestClearRateLimitCaches(false)
+    }
+
+    private fun doTestClearRateLimitCaches(cacheEnabled: Boolean) {
+        // Initial fetch, verify binder calls.
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(if (cacheEnabled) 1 else 4)
+
+        // Verify cached values are used.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        assertStats(mockMyUidStatsResult, mockIfaceStatsResult, mockTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(if (cacheEnabled) 0 else 4)
+
+        // Clear caches, verify fetching from the service.
+        clearInvocations(binder)
+        TrafficStats.clearRateLimitCaches()
+        mockStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStats(secondUidStatsResult, secondIfaceStatsResult, secondTotalStatsResult)
+        assertStatsFetchInvocations(if (cacheEnabled) 1 else 4)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
index 30d5a02..c55096b 100644
--- a/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
+++ b/thread/service/java/com/android/server/thread/ThreadNetworkControllerService.java
@@ -351,14 +351,14 @@
         }
 
         otDaemon.initialize(
-                mTunIfController.getTunFd(),
                 shouldEnableThread(),
                 newOtDaemonConfig(mPersistentSettings.getConfiguration()),
+                mTunIfController.getTunFd(),
                 mNsdPublisher,
                 getMeshcopTxtAttributes(mResources.get()),
-                mOtDaemonCallbackProxy,
                 mCountryCodeSupplier.get(),
-                FeatureFlags.isTrelEnabled());
+                FeatureFlags.isTrelEnabled(),
+                mOtDaemonCallbackProxy);
         otDaemon.asBinder().linkToDeath(() -> mHandler.post(this::onOtDaemonDied), 0);
         mOtDaemon = otDaemon;
         mHandler.post(mNat64CidrController::maybeUpdateNat64Cidr);
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
index aeeed65..875a4ad 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/BorderRoutingTest.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package android.net.thread;
 
-import static android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_TEST_NETWORKS;
 import static android.net.InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.DEFAULT_DATASET;
 import static android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils.buildIcmpv4EchoReply;
@@ -38,7 +37,6 @@
 
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REPLY_TYPE;
 import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.ICMPV6_ECHO_REQUEST_TYPE;
-import static com.android.testutils.TestPermissionUtil.runAsShell;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 
@@ -56,7 +54,6 @@
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
 import android.net.thread.utils.FullThreadDevice;
 import android.net.thread.utils.InfraNetworkDevice;
-import android.net.thread.utils.IntegrationTestUtils;
 import android.net.thread.utils.OtDaemonController;
 import android.net.thread.utils.TestTunNetworkUtils;
 import android.net.thread.utils.ThreadFeatureCheckerRule;
diff --git a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
index 07d0390..316f570 100644
--- a/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
+++ b/thread/tests/integration/src/android/net/thread/utils/IntegrationTestUtils.kt
@@ -388,7 +388,12 @@
         raMsg ?: return pioList
 
         val buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(raMsg)
-        val ipv6Header = Struct.parse(Ipv6Header::class.java, buf)
+        val ipv6Header = try {
+            Struct.parse(Ipv6Header::class.java, buf)
+        } catch (e: IllegalArgumentException) {
+            // the packet is not IPv6
+            return pioList
+        }
         if (ipv6Header.nextHeader != OsConstants.IPPROTO_ICMPV6.toByte()) {
             return pioList
         }