diff --git a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
index 47227e3..b694211 100644
--- a/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
+++ b/Tethering/common/TetheringLib/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
         "//frameworks/base/packages/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
         "//packages/modules/CaptivePortalLogin/tests",
diff --git a/framework-t/Android.bp b/framework-t/Android.bp
index 468cee4..bc919ac 100644
--- a/framework-t/Android.bp
+++ b/framework-t/Android.bp
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
diff --git a/framework/Android.bp b/framework/Android.bp
index f76bbe1..624eb4b 100644
--- a/framework/Android.bp
+++ b/framework/Android.bp
@@ -176,6 +176,7 @@
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/bandwidthtests",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/benchmarks",
         "//frameworks/base/core/tests/utillib",
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//frameworks/opt/net/ethernet/tests:__subpackages__",
         "//frameworks/opt/telephony/tests/telephonytests",
diff --git a/service-t/Android.bp b/service-t/Android.bp
index 19850fd..779f354 100644
--- a/service-t/Android.bp
+++ b/service-t/Android.bp
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
         "com.android.tethering",
     ],
     visibility: [
+        "//frameworks/base/services/tests/VpnTests",
         "//frameworks/base/tests/vcn",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/service",
         "//packages/modules/Connectivity/tests:__subpackages__",
diff --git a/tests/unit/Android.bp b/tests/unit/Android.bp
index 4a1298f..20d457f 100644
--- a/tests/unit/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/unit/Android.bp
@@ -66,13 +66,11 @@
         "java/android/net/netstats/NetworkStatsDataMigrationUtilsTest.kt",
         "java/com/android/internal/net/NetworkUtilsInternalTest.java",
         "java/com/android/internal/net/VpnProfileTest.java",
-        "java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityEventBuilderTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/IpConnectivityMetricsTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/MetricsTestUtil.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/MultipathPolicyTrackerTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/connectivity/NetdEventListenerServiceTest.java",
-        "java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java",
         "java/com/android/server/net/ipmemorystore/*.java",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index bf23cd1..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnManagerServiceTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,409 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server;
-
-import static android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.R;
-
-import static com.android.testutils.ContextUtils.mockService;
-import static com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule.IgnoreUpTo;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-
-import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
-import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.INetd;
-import android.net.Uri;
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.HandlerThread;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.os.UserManager;
-import android.security.Credentials;
-
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.VpnProfileStore;
-import com.android.server.net.LockdownVpnTracker;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRunner;
-import com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-
-import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.List;
-
-@RunWith(DevSdkIgnoreRunner.class)
-@IgnoreUpTo(R) // VpnManagerService is not available before R
-@SmallTest
-public class VpnManagerServiceTest extends VpnTestBase {
-    private static final String CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTION_TAG = "VPN_MANAGER";
-
-    @Rule
-    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
-
-    private static final int TIMEOUT_MS = 2_000;
-
-    @Mock Context mContext;
-    @Mock Context mContextWithoutAttributionTag;
-    @Mock Context mSystemContext;
-    @Mock Context mUserAllContext;
-    private HandlerThread mHandlerThread;
-    @Mock private Vpn mVpn;
-    @Mock private INetworkManagementService mNms;
-    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mCm;
-    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
-    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
-    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
-    @Mock private VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
-    @Mock private LockdownVpnTracker mLockdownVpnTracker;
-
-    private VpnManagerServiceDependencies mDeps;
-    private VpnManagerService mService;
-    private BroadcastReceiver mUserPresentReceiver;
-    private BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver;
-    private final String mNotMyVpnPkg = "com.not.my.vpn";
-
-    class VpnManagerServiceDependencies extends VpnManagerService.Dependencies {
-        @Override
-        public HandlerThread makeHandlerThread() {
-            return mHandlerThread;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public INetworkManagementService getINetworkManagementService() {
-            return mNms;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public INetd getNetd() {
-            return mNetd;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public Vpn createVpn(Looper looper, Context context, INetworkManagementService nms,
-                INetd netd, @UserIdInt int userId) {
-            return mVpn;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public VpnProfileStore getVpnProfileStore() {
-            return mVpnProfileStore;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public LockdownVpnTracker createLockDownVpnTracker(Context context, Handler handler,
-                Vpn vpn, VpnProfile profile) {
-            return mLockdownVpnTracker;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public @UserIdInt int getMainUserId() {
-            return UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
-
-        mHandlerThread = new HandlerThread("TestVpnManagerService");
-        mDeps = new VpnManagerServiceDependencies();
-
-        // The attribution tag is a dependency for IKE library to collect VPN metrics correctly
-        // and thus should not be changed without updating the IKE code.
-        doReturn(mContext)
-                .when(mContextWithoutAttributionTag)
-                .createAttributionContext(CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTION_TAG);
-
-        doReturn(mUserAllContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(UserHandle.ALL, 0);
-        doReturn(mSystemContext).when(mContext).createContextAsUser(UserHandle.SYSTEM, 0);
-        doReturn(mPackageManager).when(mContext).getPackageManager();
-        setMockedPackages(mPackageManager, sPackages);
-
-        mockService(mContext, ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mCm);
-        mockService(mContext, UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
-        doReturn(SYSTEM_USER).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(eq(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        mService = new VpnManagerService(mContextWithoutAttributionTag, mDeps);
-        mService.systemReady();
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> intentReceiverCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<BroadcastReceiver> userPresentReceiverCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(BroadcastReceiver.class);
-        verify(mSystemContext).registerReceiver(
-                userPresentReceiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
-        verify(mUserAllContext, times(2)).registerReceiver(
-                intentReceiverCaptor.capture(), any(), any(), any());
-        mUserPresentReceiver = userPresentReceiverCaptor.getValue();
-        mIntentReceiver = intentReceiverCaptor.getValue();
-
-        // Add user to create vpn in mVpn
-        onUserStarted(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        assertNotNull(mService.mVpns.get(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUpdateAppExclusionList() {
-        // Start vpn
-        mService.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verify(mVpn).startVpnProfile(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-
-        // Remove package due to package replaced.
-        onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn, never()).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Add package due to package replaced.
-        onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn, never()).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Remove package
-        onPackageRemoved(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Add the package back
-        onPackageAdded(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0], false /* isReplacing */);
-        verify(mVpn, times(2)).refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() {
-        assertThrows(
-                SecurityException.class, () -> mService.startVpnProfile(mNotMyVpnPkg));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStopVpnProfileFromDiffPackage() {
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> mService.stopVpnProfile(mNotMyVpnPkg));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetProvisionedVpnProfileStateFromDiffPackage() {
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () ->
-                mService.getProvisionedVpnProfileState(mNotMyVpnPkg));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetProvisionedVpnProfileState() {
-        mService.getProvisionedVpnProfileState(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verify(mVpn).getProvisionedVpnProfileState(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    private Intent buildIntent(String action, String packageName, int userId, int uid,
-            boolean isReplacing) {
-        final Intent intent = new Intent(action);
-        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_USER_HANDLE, userId);
-        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_UID, uid);
-        intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_REPLACING, isReplacing);
-        if (packageName != null) {
-            intent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package" /* scheme */, packageName, null /* fragment */));
-        }
-
-        return intent;
-    }
-
-    private void sendIntent(Intent intent) {
-        sendIntent(mIntentReceiver, mContext, intent);
-    }
-
-    private void sendIntent(BroadcastReceiver receiver, Context context, Intent intent) {
-        final Handler h = mHandlerThread.getThreadHandler();
-
-        // Send in handler thread.
-        h.post(() -> receiver.onReceive(context, intent));
-        HandlerUtils.waitForIdle(mHandlerThread, TIMEOUT_MS);
-    }
-
-    private void onUserStarted(int userId) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STARTED,
-                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onUserUnlocked(int userId) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_UNLOCKED,
-                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onUserStopped(int userId) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_USER_STOPPED,
-                null /* packageName */, userId, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onLockDownReset() {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(LockdownVpnTracker.ACTION_LOCKDOWN_RESET, null /* packageName */,
-                UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, -1 /* uid */, false /* isReplacing */));
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int userId, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, packageName, userId, uid, isReplacing));
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageAdded(String packageName, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        onPackageAdded(packageName, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, uid, isReplacing);
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int userId, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        sendIntent(buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED, packageName, userId, uid,
-                isReplacing));
-    }
-
-    private void onPackageRemoved(String packageName, int uid, boolean isReplacing) {
-        onPackageRemoved(packageName, UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, uid, isReplacing);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testReceiveIntentFromNonHandlerThread() {
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->
-                mIntentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, buildIntent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED,
-                        PKGS[0], UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM, PKG_UIDS[0], true /* isReplacing */)));
-
-        assertThrows(IllegalStateException.class, () ->
-                mUserPresentReceiver.onReceive(mContext, new Intent(Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT)));
-    }
-
-    private void setupLockdownVpn(String packageName) {
-        final byte[] profileTag = packageName.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
-        doReturn(profileTag).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.LOCKDOWN_VPN);
-    }
-
-    private void setupVpnProfile(String profileName) {
-        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile(profileName);
-        profile.name = profileName;
-        profile.server = "192.0.2.1";
-        profile.dnsServers = "8.8.8.8";
-        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_IPSEC_XAUTH_PSK;
-        final byte[] encodedProfile = profile.encode();
-        doReturn(encodedProfile).when(mVpnProfileStore).get(Credentials.VPN + profileName);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUserPresent() {
-        // Verify that LockDownVpnTracker is not created.
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).init();
-
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // mUserPresentReceiver only registers ACTION_USER_PRESENT intent and does no verification
-        // on action, so an empty intent is enough.
-        sendIntent(mUserPresentReceiver, mSystemContext, new Intent());
-
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).init();
-        verify(mSystemContext).unregisterReceiver(mUserPresentReceiver);
-        verify(mUserAllContext, never()).unregisterReceiver(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUpdateLockdownVpn() {
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-
-        // Will not create lockDownVpnTracker w/o valid profile configured in the keystore
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).init();
-
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Remove the user from mVpns
-        onUserStopped(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).init();
-
-        // Add user back
-        onUserStarted(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).init();
-
-        // Trigger another update. The existing LockDownVpnTracker should be shut down and
-        // initialize another one.
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).shutdown();
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, times(2)).init();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownReset() {
-        // Init LockdownVpnTracker
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        onUserUnlocked(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).init();
-
-        onLockDownReset();
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker).reset();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownResetWhenLockdownVpnTrackerIsNotInit() {
-        setupLockdownVpn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        setupVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        onLockDownReset();
-
-        // LockDownVpnTracker is not created. Lockdown reset will not take effect.
-        verify(mLockdownVpnTracker, never()).reset();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIsVpnLockdownEnabled() {
-        // Vpn is created but the VPN lockdown is not enabled.
-        assertFalse(mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        // Set lockdown for the SYSTEM_USER_ID VPN.
-        doReturn(true).when(mVpn).getLockdown();
-        assertTrue(mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        // Even lockdown is enabled but no Vpn is created for SECONDARY_USER.
-        assertFalse(mService.isVpnLockdownEnabled(SECONDARY_USER.id));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetVpnLockdownAllowlist() {
-        doReturn(null).when(mVpn).getLockdownAllowlist();
-        assertNull(mService.getVpnLockdownAllowlist(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        final List<String> expected = List.of(PKGS);
-        doReturn(expected).when(mVpn).getLockdownAllowlist();
-        assertEquals(expected, mService.getVpnLockdownAllowlist(SYSTEM_USER_ID));
-
-        // Even lockdown is enabled but no Vpn is created for SECONDARY_USER.
-        assertNull(mService.getVpnLockdownAllowlist(SECONDARY_USER.id));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnTestBase.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnTestBase.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 6113872..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/VpnTestBase.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server;
-
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_ADMIN;
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE;
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY;
-import static android.content.pm.UserInfo.FLAG_RESTRICTED;
-
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
-
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
-import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.util.ArrayMap;
-
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-
-/** Common variables or methods shared between VpnTest and VpnManagerServiceTest. */
-public class VpnTestBase {
-    protected static final String TEST_VPN_PKG = "com.testvpn.vpn";
-    /**
-     * Names and UIDs for some fake packages. Important points:
-     *  - UID is ordered increasing.
-     *  - One pair of packages have consecutive UIDs.
-     */
-    protected static final String[] PKGS = {"com.example", "org.example", "net.example", "web.vpn"};
-    protected static final int[] PKG_UIDS = {10066, 10077, 10078, 10400};
-    // Mock packages
-    protected static final Map<String, Integer> sPackages = new ArrayMap<>();
-    static {
-        for (int i = 0; i < PKGS.length; i++) {
-            sPackages.put(PKGS[i], PKG_UIDS[i]);
-        }
-        sPackages.put(TEST_VPN_PKG, Process.myUid());
-    }
-
-    // Mock users
-    protected static final int SYSTEM_USER_ID = 0;
-    protected static final UserInfo SYSTEM_USER = new UserInfo(0, "system", UserInfo.FLAG_PRIMARY);
-    protected static final UserInfo PRIMARY_USER = new UserInfo(27, "Primary",
-            FLAG_ADMIN | FLAG_PRIMARY);
-    protected static final UserInfo SECONDARY_USER = new UserInfo(15, "Secondary", FLAG_ADMIN);
-    protected static final UserInfo RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A = new UserInfo(40, "RestrictedA",
-            FLAG_RESTRICTED);
-    protected static final UserInfo RESTRICTED_PROFILE_B = new UserInfo(42, "RestrictedB",
-            FLAG_RESTRICTED);
-    protected static final UserInfo MANAGED_PROFILE_A = new UserInfo(45, "ManagedA",
-            FLAG_MANAGED_PROFILE);
-    static {
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.restrictedProfileParentId = PRIMARY_USER.id;
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_B.restrictedProfileParentId = SECONDARY_USER.id;
-        MANAGED_PROFILE_A.profileGroupId = PRIMARY_USER.id;
-    }
-
-    // Populate a fake packageName-to-UID mapping.
-    protected void setMockedPackages(PackageManager mockPm, final Map<String, Integer> packages) {
-        try {
-            doAnswer(invocation -> {
-                final String appName = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
-                final int userId = (int) invocation.getArguments()[1];
-
-                final Integer appId = packages.get(appName);
-                if (appId == null) {
-                    throw new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(appName);
-                }
-
-                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
-            }).when(mockPm).getPackageUidAsUser(anyString(), anyInt());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected List<Integer> toList(int[] arr) {
-        return Arrays.stream(arr).boxed().collect(Collectors.toList());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java b/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index c9cece0..0000000
--- a/tests/unit/java/com/android/server/connectivity/VpnTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3298 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.server.connectivity;
-
-import static android.Manifest.permission.BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
-import static android.Manifest.permission.CONTROL_VPN;
-import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED;
-import static android.content.pm.PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.DataStallReport;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
-import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_DOWN;
-import static android.net.INetd.IF_STATE_UP;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
-import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI;
-import static android.net.RouteInfo.RTN_UNREACHABLE;
-import static android.net.VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.CHILD_PARAMS;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.TEST_IDENTITY;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET;
-import static android.net.cts.util.IkeSessionTestUtils.getTestIkeSessionParams;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConfiguration.EXTENSION_TYPE_MOBIKE;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_NONE;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4;
-import static android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams.ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV6;
-import static android.os.UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
-import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL;
-import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT;
-import static android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager.KEY_PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_INT;
-
-import static com.android.net.module.util.NetworkStackConstants.IPV6_MIN_MTU;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.DEFAULT_LONG_LIVED_TCP_CONNS_EXPENSIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_AUTO;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_ESP;
-import static com.android.server.connectivity.Vpn.PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_UDP;
-import static com.android.testutils.HandlerUtils.waitForIdleSerialExecutor;
-import static com.android.testutils.MiscAsserts.assertThrows;
-
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.longThat;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.after;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeast;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.atLeastOnce;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.clearInvocations;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doCallRealMethod;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.doThrow;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.timeout;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
-import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
-
-import android.annotation.NonNull;
-import android.annotation.UserIdInt;
-import android.app.AppOpsManager;
-import android.app.NotificationManager;
-import android.app.PendingIntent;
-import android.content.Context;
-import android.content.Intent;
-import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
-import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
-import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
-import android.content.pm.ServiceInfo;
-import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
-import android.content.res.Resources;
-import android.net.ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
-import android.net.INetd;
-import android.net.Ikev2VpnProfile;
-import android.net.InetAddresses;
-import android.net.InterfaceConfigurationParcel;
-import android.net.IpPrefix;
-import android.net.IpSecConfig;
-import android.net.IpSecManager;
-import android.net.IpSecTransform;
-import android.net.IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse;
-import android.net.LinkAddress;
-import android.net.LinkProperties;
-import android.net.Network;
-import android.net.NetworkAgent;
-import android.net.NetworkAgentConfig;
-import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
-import android.net.NetworkInfo.DetailedState;
-import android.net.RouteInfo;
-import android.net.TelephonyNetworkSpecifier;
-import android.net.UidRangeParcel;
-import android.net.VpnManager;
-import android.net.VpnProfileState;
-import android.net.VpnService;
-import android.net.VpnTransportInfo;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.ChildSessionCallback;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.ChildSessionConfiguration;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeFqdnIdentification;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionCallback;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConfiguration;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionConnectionInfo;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeSessionParams;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTrafficSelector;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.IkeTunnelConnectionParams;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeNetworkLostException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeNonProtocolException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeProtocolException;
-import android.net.ipsec.ike.exceptions.IkeTimeoutException;
-import android.net.vcn.VcnTransportInfo;
-import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
-import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
-import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
-import android.os.PersistableBundle;
-import android.os.PowerWhitelistManager;
-import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.UserHandle;
-import android.os.UserManager;
-import android.os.test.TestLooper;
-import android.provider.Settings;
-import android.security.Credentials;
-import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
-import android.telephony.SubscriptionInfo;
-import android.telephony.SubscriptionManager;
-import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
-import android.util.ArrayMap;
-import android.util.ArraySet;
-import android.util.Pair;
-import android.util.Range;
-
-import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;
-import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
-
-import com.android.internal.R;
-import com.android.internal.net.LegacyVpnInfo;
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnConfig;
-import com.android.internal.net.VpnProfile;
-import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
-import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.server.DeviceIdleInternal;
-import com.android.server.IpSecService;
-import com.android.server.VpnTestBase;
-import com.android.server.vcn.util.PersistableBundleUtils;
-import com.android.testutils.DevSdkIgnoreRule;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Rule;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.mockito.AdditionalAnswers;
-import org.mockito.Answers;
-import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
-import org.mockito.Captor;
-import org.mockito.InOrder;
-import org.mockito.Mock;
-import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
-
-import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.io.StringWriter;
-import java.net.Inet4Address;
-import java.net.Inet6Address;
-import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.UnknownHostException;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Collections;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.SortedSet;
-import java.util.TreeSet;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
-import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
-import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
-import java.util.regex.Matcher;
-import java.util.regex.Pattern;
-
-/**
- * Tests for {@link Vpn}.
- *
- * Build, install and run with:
- *  runtest frameworks-net -c com.android.server.connectivity.VpnTest
- */
-@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
-@SmallTest
-public class VpnTest extends VpnTestBase {
-    private static final String TAG = "VpnTest";
-
-    @Rule
-    public final DevSdkIgnoreRule mIgnoreRule = new DevSdkIgnoreRule();
-
-    static final Network EGRESS_NETWORK = new Network(101);
-    static final String EGRESS_IFACE = "wlan0";
-    private static final String TEST_VPN_CLIENT = "2.4.6.8";
-    private static final String TEST_VPN_SERVER = "1.2.3.4";
-    private static final String TEST_VPN_IDENTITY = "identity";
-    private static final byte[] TEST_VPN_PSK = "psk".getBytes();
-
-    private static final int IP4_PREFIX_LEN = 32;
-    private static final int IP6_PREFIX_LEN = 64;
-    private static final int MIN_PORT = 0;
-    private static final int MAX_PORT = 65535;
-
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(TEST_VPN_CLIENT);
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(TEST_VPN_SERVER);
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP_2 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.200");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP_2 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("192.0.2.201");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("198.51.100.10");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:db8::1");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8");
-    private static final InetAddress TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS6 =
-            InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2001:4860:4860::8888");
-
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector IN_TS =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(MIN_PORT, MAX_PORT, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP);
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector IN_TS6 =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(
-                    MIN_PORT, MAX_PORT, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6, TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6);
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector OUT_TS =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(MIN_PORT, MAX_PORT,
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("0.0.0.0"),
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("255.255.255.255"));
-    private static final IkeTrafficSelector OUT_TS6 =
-            new IkeTrafficSelector(
-                    MIN_PORT,
-                    MAX_PORT,
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("::"),
-                    InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff"));
-
-    private static final Network TEST_NETWORK = new Network(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
-    private static final Network TEST_NETWORK_2 = new Network(Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
-    private static final String TEST_IFACE_NAME = "TEST_IFACE";
-    private static final int TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID = 0x2345;
-    private static final long TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = 500L;
-    private static final long TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS = 20_000L;
-    private static final String PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY =
-            "VPNAPPEXCLUDED_27_com.testvpn.vpn";
-    static final String PKGS_BYTES = getPackageByteString(List.of(PKGS));
-    private static final Range<Integer> PRIMARY_USER_RANGE = uidRangeForUser(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-    private static final int TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER = 800;
-    private static final int TEST_SUB_ID = 1234;
-    private static final String TEST_MCCMNC = "12345";
-
-    @Mock(answer = Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS) private Context mContext;
-    @Mock private UserManager mUserManager;
-    @Mock private PackageManager mPackageManager;
-    @Mock private INetworkManagementService mNetService;
-    @Mock private INetd mNetd;
-    @Mock private AppOpsManager mAppOps;
-    @Mock private NotificationManager mNotificationManager;
-    @Mock private Vpn.SystemServices mSystemServices;
-    @Mock private Vpn.IkeSessionWrapper mIkeSessionWrapper;
-    @Mock private Vpn.Ikev2SessionCreator mIkev2SessionCreator;
-    @Mock private Vpn.VpnNetworkAgentWrapper mMockNetworkAgent;
-    @Mock private ConnectivityManager mConnectivityManager;
-    @Mock private ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager mCdm;
-    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
-    @Mock private TelephonyManager mTmPerSub;
-    @Mock private CarrierConfigManager mConfigManager;
-    @Mock private SubscriptionManager mSubscriptionManager;
-    @Mock private IpSecService mIpSecService;
-    @Mock private VpnProfileStore mVpnProfileStore;
-    private final TestExecutor mExecutor;
-    @Mock DeviceIdleInternal mDeviceIdleInternal;
-    private final VpnProfile mVpnProfile;
-
-    @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<Collection<Range<Integer>>> mUidRangesCaptor;
-
-    private IpSecManager mIpSecManager;
-    private TestDeps mTestDeps;
-
-    public static class TestExecutor extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
-        public static final long REAL_DELAY = -1;
-
-        // For the purposes of the test, run all scheduled tasks after 10ms to save
-        // execution time, unless overridden by the specific test. Set to REAL_DELAY
-        // to actually wait for the delay specified by the real call to schedule().
-        public long delayMs = 10;
-        // If this is true, execute() will call the runnable inline. This is useful because
-        // super.execute() calls schedule(), which messes with checks that scheduled() is
-        // called a given number of times.
-        public boolean executeDirect = false;
-
-        public TestExecutor() {
-            super(1);
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void execute(final Runnable command) {
-            // See |executeDirect| for why this is necessary.
-            if (executeDirect) {
-                command.run();
-            } else {
-                super.execute(command);
-            }
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(final Runnable command, final long delay,
-                TimeUnit unit) {
-            if (0 == delay || delayMs == REAL_DELAY) {
-                // super.execute() calls schedule() with 0, so use the real delay if it's 0.
-                return super.schedule(command, delay, unit);
-            } else {
-                return super.schedule(command, delayMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    public VpnTest() throws Exception {
-        // Build an actual VPN profile that is capable of being converted to and from an
-        // Ikev2VpnProfile
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder builder =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY);
-        builder.setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK);
-        builder.setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */);
-        mExecutor = spy(new TestExecutor());
-        mVpnProfile = builder.build().toVpnProfile();
-    }
-
-    @Before
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
-
-        mIpSecManager = new IpSecManager(mContext, mIpSecService);
-        mTestDeps = spy(new TestDeps());
-        doReturn(IPV6_MIN_MTU)
-                .when(mTestDeps)
-                .calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyBoolean());
-        doReturn(1500).when(mTestDeps).getJavaNetworkInterfaceMtu(any(), anyInt());
-
-        when(mContext.getPackageManager()).thenReturn(mPackageManager);
-        setMockedPackages(sPackages);
-
-        when(mContext.getPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        when(mContext.getOpPackageName()).thenReturn(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        mockService(UserManager.class, Context.USER_SERVICE, mUserManager);
-        mockService(AppOpsManager.class, Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE, mAppOps);
-        mockService(NotificationManager.class, Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE, mNotificationManager);
-        mockService(ConnectivityManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE, mConnectivityManager);
-        mockService(IpSecManager.class, Context.IPSEC_SERVICE, mIpSecManager);
-        mockService(ConnectivityDiagnosticsManager.class, Context.CONNECTIVITY_DIAGNOSTICS_SERVICE,
-                mCdm);
-        mockService(TelephonyManager.class, Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE, mTelephonyManager);
-        mockService(CarrierConfigManager.class, Context.CARRIER_CONFIG_SERVICE, mConfigManager);
-        mockService(SubscriptionManager.class, Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE,
-                mSubscriptionManager);
-        doReturn(mTmPerSub).when(mTelephonyManager).createForSubscriptionId(anyInt());
-        when(mContext.getString(R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent))
-                .thenReturn(Resources.getSystem().getString(
-                        R.string.config_customVpnAlwaysOnDisconnectedDialogComponent));
-        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
-                .thenReturn(true);
-
-        // Used by {@link Notification.Builder}
-        ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-        applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
-        when(mContext.getApplicationInfo()).thenReturn(applicationInfo);
-        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(anyString(), anyInt(), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(applicationInfo);
-
-        doNothing().when(mNetService).registerObserver(any());
-
-        // Deny all appops by default.
-        when(mAppOps.noteOpNoThrow(anyString(), anyInt(), anyString(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
-
-        // Setup IpSecService
-        final IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse tunnelResp =
-                new IpSecTunnelInterfaceResponse(
-                        IpSecManager.Status.OK, TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID, TEST_IFACE_NAME);
-        when(mIpSecService.createTunnelInterface(any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(tunnelResp);
-        doReturn(new LinkProperties()).when(mConnectivityManager).getLinkProperties(any());
-
-        // The unit test should know what kind of permission it needs and set the permission by
-        // itself, so set the default value of Context#checkCallingOrSelfPermission to
-        // PERMISSION_DENIED.
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_DENIED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(any());
-
-        // Set up mIkev2SessionCreator and mExecutor
-        resetIkev2SessionCreator(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-    }
-
-    private void resetIkev2SessionCreator(Vpn.IkeSessionWrapper ikeSession) {
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        when(mIkev2SessionCreator.createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenReturn(ikeSession);
-    }
-
-    private <T> void mockService(Class<T> clazz, String name, T service) {
-        doReturn(service).when(mContext).getSystemService(name);
-        doReturn(name).when(mContext).getSystemServiceName(clazz);
-        if (mContext.getSystemService(clazz).getClass().equals(Object.class)) {
-            // Test is using mockito-extended (mContext uses Answers.RETURNS_DEEP_STUBS and returned
-            // a mock object on a final method)
-            doCallRealMethod().when(mContext).getSystemService(clazz);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private Set<Range<Integer>> rangeSet(Range<Integer> ... ranges) {
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> range = new ArraySet<>();
-        for (Range<Integer> r : ranges) range.add(r);
-
-        return range;
-    }
-
-    private static Range<Integer> uidRangeForUser(int userId) {
-        return new Range<Integer>(userId * PER_USER_RANGE, (userId + 1) * PER_USER_RANGE - 1);
-    }
-
-    private Range<Integer> uidRange(int start, int stop) {
-        return new Range<Integer>(start, stop);
-    }
-
-    private static String getPackageByteString(List<String> packages) {
-        try {
-            return HexDump.toHexString(
-                    PersistableBundleUtils.toDiskStableBytes(PersistableBundleUtils.fromList(
-                            packages, PersistableBundleUtils.STRING_SERIALIZER)),
-                        true /* upperCase */);
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            return null;
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRestrictedProfilesAreAddedToVpn() {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, SECONDARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_B);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // Assume the user can have restricted profiles.
-        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges =
-                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(PRIMARY_USER.id, null, null);
-
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE, uidRangeForUser(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id)),
-                 ranges);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testManagedProfilesAreNotAddedToVpn() {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, MANAGED_PROFILE_A);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(
-                PRIMARY_USER.id, null, null);
-
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE), ranges);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testAddUserToVpnOnlyAddsOneUser() {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, MANAGED_PROFILE_A);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArraySet<>();
-        vpn.addUserToRanges(ranges, PRIMARY_USER.id, null, null);
-
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE), ranges);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testUidAllowAndDenylist() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Range<Integer> user = PRIMARY_USER_RANGE;
-        final int userStart = user.getLower();
-        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
-        final String[] packages = {PKGS[0], PKGS[1], PKGS[2]};
-
-        // Allowed list
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> allow = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(PRIMARY_USER.id,
-                Arrays.asList(packages), null /* disallowedApplications */);
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0], userStart + PKG_UIDS[0]),
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1], userStart + PKG_UIDS[2]),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0]),
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0])),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1]),
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2]))),
-                allow);
-
-        // Denied list
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> disallow =
-                vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(PRIMARY_USER.id,
-                        null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(packages));
-        assertEquals(rangeSet(
-                uidRange(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                /* Empty range between UIDS[1] and UIDS[2], should be excluded, */
-                uidRange(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                         Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                uidRange(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)),
-                disallow);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(String packageName) {
-        verify(mDeviceIdleInternal, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).addPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(
-                anyInt(), eq(packageName), anyLong(), anyInt(), eq(false),
-                eq(PowerWhitelistManager.REASON_VPN), eq("VpnManager event"));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetAlwaysAndOnGetLockDown() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // Default state.
-        assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
-
-        // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, Collections.emptyList()));
-        assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, Collections.emptyList()));
-        assertTrue(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertTrue(vpn.getLockdown());
-
-        // Remove always-on configuration.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, Collections.emptyList()));
-        assertFalse(vpn.getAlwaysOn());
-        assertFalse(vpn.getLockdown());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testAlwaysOnWithoutLockdown() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, never()).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                null /* packageName */, false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, never()).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownChangingPackage() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Range<Integer> user = PRIMARY_USER_RANGE;
-        final int userStart = user.getLower();
-        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
-        // Set always-on without lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false, null));
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true, null));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-
-        // Switch to another app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[3], true, null));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownAllowlist() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Range<Integer> user = PRIMARY_USER_RANGE;
-        final int userStart = user.getLower();
-        final int userStop = user.getUpper();
-        // Set always-on with lockdown and allow app PKGS[2] from lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[]  {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1]) - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        // Change allowed app list to PKGS[3].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-
-        // Change the VPN app.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[3])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1))
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart, userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1))
-        }));
-
-        // Remove the list of allowed packages.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], true, null));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[3] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1), userStop),
-        }));
-
-        // Add the list of allowed packages.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[1])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1), userStop),
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-
-        // Try allowing a package with a comma, should be rejected.
-        assertFalse(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Collections.singletonList("a.b,c.d")));
-
-        // Pass a non-existent packages in the allowlist, they (and only they) should be ignored.
-        // allowed package should change from PGKS[1] to PKGS[2].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true, Arrays.asList("com.foo.app", PKGS[2], "com.bar.app")));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[1] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1, userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1),
-                new UidRangeParcel(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1,
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                                   Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] - 1)),
-                new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(userStart + PKG_UIDS[2] + 1), userStop)
-        }));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownSystemUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(SYSTEM_USER_ID);
-
-        // Uid 0 is always excluded and PKG_UIDS[1] is the uid of the VPN.
-        final List<Integer> excludedUids = new ArrayList<>(List.of(0, PKG_UIDS[1]));
-        final List<Range<Integer>> ranges = makeVpnUidRange(SYSTEM_USER_ID, excludedUids);
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, ranges);
-
-        // Disable always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                null /* packageName */, false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, ranges);
-
-        // Set always-on with lockdown and allow the app PKGS[2].
-        excludedUids.add(PKG_UIDS[2]);
-        final List<Range<Integer>> ranges2 = makeVpnUidRange(SYSTEM_USER_ID, excludedUids);
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[1], true /* lockdown */, Collections.singletonList(PKGS[2])));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, ranges2);
-
-        // Disable always-on with lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                null /* packageName */, false /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, ranges2);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownRuleRepeatability() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getUpper())};
-        // Given legacy lockdown is already enabled,
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(true,
-                toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Enabling legacy lockdown twice should do nothing.
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-
-        // And disabling should remove the rules exactly once.
-        vpn.setLockdown(false);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setRequireVpnForUids(false,
-                toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Removing the lockdown again should have no effect.
-        vpn.setLockdown(false);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2)).setRequireVpnForUids(anyBoolean(), any());
-    }
-
-    private ArrayList<Range<Integer>> toRanges(UidRangeParcel[] ranges) {
-        ArrayList<Range<Integer>> rangesArray = new ArrayList<>(ranges.length);
-        for (int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++) {
-            rangesArray.add(new Range<>(ranges[i].start, ranges[i].stop));
-        }
-        return rangesArray;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdownRuleReversibility() throws Exception {
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final UidRangeParcel[] entireUser = {
-            new UidRangeParcel(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getUpper())
-        };
-        final UidRangeParcel[] exceptPkg0 = {
-            new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start, entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1),
-            new UidRangeParcel(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1,
-                               Process.toSdkSandboxUid(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] - 1)),
-            new UidRangeParcel(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(entireUser[0].start + PKG_UIDS[0] + 1),
-                               entireUser[0].stop),
-        };
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mConnectivityManager);
-
-        // Given lockdown is enabled with no package (legacy VPN),
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(entireUser));
-
-        // When a new VPN package is set the rules should change to cover that package.
-        vpn.prepare(null, PKGS[0], VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(entireUser));
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(exceptPkg0));
-
-        // When that VPN package is unset, everything should be undone again in reverse.
-        vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE);
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, toRanges(exceptPkg0));
-        order.verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(entireUser));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUserAddedAndRemoved_restrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mMockNetworkAgent);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> initialRange = rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE);
-        // Note since mVpnProfile is a Ikev2VpnProfile, this starts an IkeV2VpnRunner.
-        startLegacyVpn(vpn, mVpnProfile);
-        // Set an initial Uid range and mock the network agent
-        vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.setUids(initialRange);
-        vpn.mNetworkAgent = mMockNetworkAgent;
-
-        // Add the restricted user
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        // Expect restricted user range to be added to the NetworkCapabilities.
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> expectRestrictedRange =
-                rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE, uidRangeForUser(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id));
-        assertEquals(expectRestrictedRange, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        order.verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(
-                argThat(nc -> expectRestrictedRange.equals(nc.getUids())));
-
-        // Remove the restricted user
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        // Expect restricted user range to be removed from the NetworkCapabilities.
-        assertEquals(initialRange, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        order.verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(
-                argThat(nc -> initialRange.equals(nc.getUids())));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUserAddedAndRemoved_restrictedUserLockdown() throws Exception {
-        final UidRangeParcel[] primaryUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getLower(), PRIMARY_USER_RANGE.getUpper())};
-        final Range<Integer> restrictedUserRange = uidRangeForUser(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        final UidRangeParcel[] restrictedUserRangeParcel = new UidRangeParcel[] {
-                new UidRangeParcel(restrictedUserRange.getLower(), restrictedUserRange.getUpper())};
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // Set lockdown calls setRequireVpnForUids
-        vpn.setLockdown(true);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, toRanges(primaryUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Add the restricted user
-        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-
-        // Expect restricted user range to be added.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true,
-                toRanges(restrictedUserRangeParcel));
-
-        // Mark as partial indicates that the user is removed, mUserManager.getAliveUsers() does not
-        // return the restricted user but it is still returned in mUserManager.getUserInfo().
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = true;
-        // Remove the restricted user
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false,
-                toRanges(restrictedUserRangeParcel));
-        // reset to avoid affecting other tests since RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A is static.
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = false;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testOnUserAddedAndRemoved_restrictedUserAlwaysOn() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        // setAlwaysOnPackage() calls setRequireVpnForUids()
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(
-                PKGS[0], true /* lockdown */, null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        final List<Integer> excludedUids = List.of(PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        final List<Range<Integer>> primaryRanges =
-                makeVpnUidRange(PRIMARY_USER.id, excludedUids);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, primaryRanges);
-
-        // Add the restricted user
-        doReturn(true).when(mUserManager).canHaveRestrictedProfile();
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER, RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-        vpn.onUserAdded(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-
-        final List<Range<Integer>> restrictedRanges =
-                makeVpnUidRange(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id, excludedUids);
-        // Expect restricted user range to be added.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(true, restrictedRanges);
-
-        // Mark as partial indicates that the user is removed, mUserManager.getAliveUsers() does not
-        // return the restricted user but it is still returned in mUserManager.getUserInfo().
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = true;
-        // Remove the restricted user
-        vpn.onUserRemoved(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.id);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setRequireVpnForUids(false, restrictedRanges);
-
-        // reset to avoid affecting other tests since RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A is static.
-        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A.partial = false;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_throwSecurityExceptionWhenGivenPackageDoesNotBelongToTheCaller()
-            throws Exception {
-        mTestDeps.mIgnoreCallingUidChecks = false;
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner", null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare(null, "com.not.vpn.owner", VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare("com.not.vpn.owner1", "com.not.vpn.owner2",
-                        VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_bothOldPackageAndNewPackageAreNull() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(null, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_legacyVpnWithoutControlVpn()
-            throws Exception {
-        doThrow(new SecurityException("no CONTROL_VPN")).when(mContext)
-                .enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-
-        // CONTROL_VPN can be held by the caller or another system server process - both are
-        // allowed. Just checking for `enforceCallingPermission` may not be sufficient.
-        verify(mContext, never()).enforceCallingPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPrepare_legacyVpnWithControlVpn()
-            throws Exception {
-        doNothing().when(mContext).enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(null, VpnConfig.LEGACY_VPN, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-
-        // CONTROL_VPN can be held by the caller or another system server process - both are
-        // allowed. Just checking for `enforceCallingPermission` may not be sufficient.
-        verify(mContext, never()).enforceCallingPermission(eq(CONTROL_VPN), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testIsAlwaysOnPackageSupported() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-
-        ApplicationInfo appInfo = new ApplicationInfo();
-        when(mPackageManager.getApplicationInfoAsUser(eq(PKGS[0]), anyInt(), eq(PRIMARY_USER.id)))
-                .thenReturn(appInfo);
-
-        ServiceInfo svcInfo = new ServiceInfo();
-        ResolveInfo resInfo = new ResolveInfo();
-        resInfo.serviceInfo = svcInfo;
-        when(mPackageManager.queryIntentServicesAsUser(any(), eq(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA),
-                eq(PRIMARY_USER.id)))
-                .thenReturn(Collections.singletonList(resInfo));
-
-        // null package name should return false
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(null));
-
-        // Pre-N apps are not supported
-        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.M;
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
-
-        // N+ apps are supported by default
-        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.N;
-        assertTrue(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
-
-        // Apps that opt out explicitly are not supported
-        appInfo.targetSdkVersion = VERSION_CODES.CUR_DEVELOPMENT;
-        Bundle metaData = new Bundle();
-        metaData.putBoolean(VpnService.SERVICE_META_DATA_SUPPORTS_ALWAYS_ON, false);
-        svcInfo.metaData = metaData;
-        assertFalse(vpn.isAlwaysOnPackageSupported(PKGS[0]));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNotificationShownForAlwaysOnApp() throws Exception {
-        final UserHandle userHandle = UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mNotificationManager);
-
-        // Don't show a notification for regular disconnected states.
-        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager, atLeastOnce()).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
-
-        // Start showing a notification for disconnected once always-on.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[0], false, null);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
-
-        // Stop showing the notification once connected.
-        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.CONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
-
-        // Show the notification if we disconnect again.
-        vpn.updateState(DetailedState.DISCONNECTED, TAG);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).notify(anyString(), anyInt(), any());
-
-        // Notification should be cleared after unsetting always-on package.
-        vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false, null);
-        order.verify(mNotificationManager).cancel(anyString(), anyInt());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The profile name should NOT change between releases for backwards compatibility
-     *
-     * <p>If this is changed between releases, the {@link Vpn#getVpnProfilePrivileged()} method MUST
-     * be updated to ensure backward compatibility.
-     */
-    @Test
-    public void testGetProfileNameForPackage() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        final String expected = Credentials.PLATFORM_VPN + PRIMARY_USER.id + "_" + TEST_VPN_PKG;
-        assertEquals(expected, vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-    }
-
-    private Vpn createVpn(String... grantedOps) throws Exception {
-        return createVpn(PRIMARY_USER, grantedOps);
-    }
-
-    private Vpn createVpn(UserInfo user, String... grantedOps) throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(user.id);
-        setMockedUsers(user);
-
-        for (final String opStr : grantedOps) {
-            when(mAppOps.noteOpNoThrow(opStr, Process.myUid(), TEST_VPN_PKG,
-                    null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */))
-                    .thenReturn(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
-        }
-
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    private void checkProvisionVpnProfile(Vpn vpn, boolean expectedResult, String... checkedOps) {
-        assertEquals(expectedResult, vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile));
-
-        // The profile should always be stored, whether or not consent has been previously granted.
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
-                .put(
-                        eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)),
-                        eq(mVpnProfile.encode()));
-
-        for (final String checkedOpStr : checkedOps) {
-            verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(checkedOpStr, Process.myUid(), TEST_VPN_PKG,
-                    null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNoIpsecTunnels() throws Exception {
-        when(mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_IPSEC_TUNNELS))
-                .thenReturn(false);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            checkProvisionVpnProfile(
-                    vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-            fail("Expected exception due to missing feature");
-        } catch (UnsupportedOperationException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    private String startVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList(Vpn vpn) throws Exception {
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY))
-                .thenReturn(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(PKGS_BYTES));
-        final String sessionKey = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> uidRanges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(
-                PRIMARY_USER.id, null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(uidRanges));
-        clearInvocations(mConnectivityManager);
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-        vpn.mNetworkAgent = mMockNetworkAgent;
-
-        return sessionKey;
-    }
-
-    private Vpn prepareVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        startVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList(vpn);
-
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAndGetAppExclusionList() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        final String sessionKey = startVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList(vpn);
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore, never()).put(eq(PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY), any());
-        vpn.setAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
-                .put(eq(PRIMARY_USER_APP_EXCLUDE_KEY),
-                     eq(HexDump.hexStringToByteArray(PKGS_BYTES)));
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> uidRanges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(
-                PRIMARY_USER.id, null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(uidRanges));
-        assertEquals(uidRanges, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testRefreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList_updatesExcludedUids() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        final String sessionKey = startVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList(vpn);
-        vpn.setAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> uidRanges = vpn.createUserAndRestrictedProfilesRanges(
-                PRIMARY_USER.id, null /* allowedApplications */, Arrays.asList(PKGS));
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(uidRanges));
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(any());
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Remove one of the package
-        List<Integer> newExcludedUids = toList(PKG_UIDS);
-        newExcludedUids.remove((Integer) PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        Set<Range<Integer>> newUidRanges = makeVpnUidRangeSet(PRIMARY_USER.id, newExcludedUids);
-        sPackages.remove(PKGS[0]);
-        vpn.refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // List in keystore is not changed, but UID for the removed packages is no longer exempted.
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        assertEquals(newUidRanges, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(ncCaptor.capture());
-        assertEquals(newUidRanges, ncCaptor.getValue().getUids());
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(newUidRanges));
-
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Add the package back
-        newExcludedUids.add(PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        newUidRanges = makeVpnUidRangeSet(PRIMARY_USER.id, newExcludedUids);
-        sPackages.put(PKGS[0], PKG_UIDS[0]);
-        vpn.refreshPlatformVpnAppExclusionList();
-
-        // List in keystore is not changed and the uid list should be updated in the net cap.
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        assertEquals(newUidRanges, vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUids());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendNetworkCapabilities(ncCaptor.capture());
-        assertEquals(newUidRanges, ncCaptor.getValue().getUids());
-
-        // The uidRange is the same as the original setAppExclusionList so this is the second call
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2))
-                .setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(newUidRanges));
-    }
-
-    private List<Range<Integer>> makeVpnUidRange(int userId, List<Integer> excludedAppIdList) {
-        final SortedSet<Integer> list = new TreeSet<>();
-
-        final int userBase = userId * UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE;
-        for (int appId : excludedAppIdList) {
-            final int uid = UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
-            list.add(uid);
-            if (Process.isApplicationUid(uid)) {
-                list.add(Process.toSdkSandboxUid(uid)); // Add Sdk Sandbox UID
-            }
-        }
-
-        final int minUid = userBase;
-        final int maxUid = userBase + UserHandle.PER_USER_RANGE - 1;
-        final List<Range<Integer>> ranges = new ArrayList<>();
-
-        // Iterate the list to create the ranges between each uid.
-        int start = minUid;
-        for (int uid : list) {
-            if (uid == start) {
-                start++;
-            } else {
-                ranges.add(new Range<>(start, uid - 1));
-                start = uid + 1;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Create the range between last uid and max uid.
-        if (start <= maxUid) {
-            ranges.add(new Range<>(start, maxUid));
-        }
-
-        return ranges;
-    }
-
-    private Set<Range<Integer>> makeVpnUidRangeSet(int userId, List<Integer> excludedAppIdList) {
-        return new ArraySet<>(makeVpnUidRange(userId, excludedAppIdList));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAndGetAppExclusionListRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = prepareVpnForVerifyAppExclusionList();
-
-        // Mock it to restricted profile
-        when(mUserManager.getUserInfo(anyInt())).thenReturn(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A);
-
-        // Restricted users cannot configure VPNs
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class,
-                () -> vpn.setAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG, new ArrayList<>()));
-
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(PKGS), vpn.getAppExclusionList(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfilePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        checkProvisionVpnProfile(
-                vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileNotPreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        // Expect that both the ACTIVATE_VPN and ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN were tried, but the caller
-        // had neither.
-        checkProvisionVpnProfile(vpn, false /* expectedResult */,
-                AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileVpnServicePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-
-        checkProvisionVpnProfile(vpn, true /* expectedResult */, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileTooLarge() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        final VpnProfile bigProfile = new VpnProfile("");
-        bigProfile.name = new String(new byte[Vpn.MAX_VPN_PROFILE_SIZE_BYTES + 1]);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, bigProfile);
-            fail("Expected IAE due to profile size");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testProvisionVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn =
-                createVpn(
-                        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.provisionVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG, mVpnProfile);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDeleteVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore)
-                .remove(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDeleteVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn =
-                createVpn(
-                        RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.deleteVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testGetVpnProfilePrivileged() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(new VpnProfile("").encode());
-
-        vpn.getVpnProfilePrivileged(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-    }
-
-    private void verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(String packageName) {
-        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                eq(Process.myUid()),
-                eq(packageName),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        verify(mAppOps).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(packageName),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(String packageName) {
-        // Add a small delay to double confirm that finishOp is only called once.
-        verify(mAppOps, after(100)).finishOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(packageName),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileVpnServicePreconsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Verify that the ACTIVATE_VPN appop was checked, but no error was thrown.
-        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN, Process.myUid(),
-                TEST_VPN_PKG, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileNotConsented() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        try {
-            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected failure due to no user consent");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-
-        // Verify both appops were checked.
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .noteOpNoThrow(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(Process.myUid()),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                        eq(null) /* message */);
-        verify(mAppOps).noteOpNoThrow(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN, Process.myUid(),
-                TEST_VPN_PKG, null /* attributionTag */, null /* message */);
-
-        // Keystore should never have been accessed.
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore, never()).get(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileMissingProfile() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG))).thenReturn(null);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected failure due to missing profile");
-        } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {
-        }
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .noteOpNoThrow(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(Process.myUid()),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                        eq(null) /* message */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStopVpnProfileRestrictedUser() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(RESTRICTED_PROFILE_A, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-
-        try {
-            vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-            fail("Expected SecurityException due to restricted user");
-        } catch (SecurityException expected) {
-        }
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartOpAndFinishOpWillBeCalledWhenPlatformVpnIsOnAndOff() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        // Add a small delay to make sure that startOp is only called once.
-        verify(mAppOps, after(100).times(1)).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_MANAGER),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        // Check that the startOp is not called with OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE.
-        verify(mAppOps, never()).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
-                eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartOpWithSeamlessHandover() throws Exception {
-        // Create with SYSTEM_USER so that establish() will match the user ID when checking
-        // against Binder.getCallerUid
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(SYSTEM_USER, AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN);
-        assertTrue(vpn.prepare(TEST_VPN_PKG, null, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        final VpnConfig config = new VpnConfig();
-        config.user = "VpnTest";
-        config.addresses.add(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/32"));
-        config.mtu = 1450;
-        final ResolveInfo resolveInfo = new ResolveInfo();
-        final ServiceInfo serviceInfo = new ServiceInfo();
-        serviceInfo.permission = BIND_VPN_SERVICE;
-        resolveInfo.serviceInfo = serviceInfo;
-        when(mPackageManager.resolveService(any(), anyInt())).thenReturn(resolveInfo);
-        when(mContext.bindServiceAsUser(any(), any(), anyInt(), any())).thenReturn(true);
-        vpn.establish(config);
-        verify(mAppOps, times(1)).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
-                eq(Process.myUid()),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-        // Call establish() twice with the same config, it should match seamless handover case and
-        // startOp() shouldn't be called again.
-        vpn.establish(config);
-        verify(mAppOps, times(1)).startOp(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ESTABLISH_VPN_SERVICE),
-                eq(Process.myUid()),
-                eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(null) /* attributionTag */,
-                eq(null) /* message */);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyVpnManagerEvent(String sessionKey, String category, int errorClass,
-            int errorCode, String[] packageName, @NonNull VpnProfileState... profileState) {
-        final Context userContext =
-                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER.id), 0 /* flags */);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Intent> intentArgumentCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Intent.class);
-
-        final int verifyTimes = profileState.length;
-        verify(userContext, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS).times(verifyTimes))
-                .startService(intentArgumentCaptor.capture());
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < verifyTimes; i++) {
-            final Intent intent = intentArgumentCaptor.getAllValues().get(i);
-            assertEquals(packageName[i], intent.getPackage());
-            assertEquals(sessionKey, intent.getStringExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_SESSION_KEY));
-            final Set<String> categories = intent.getCategories();
-            assertTrue(categories.contains(category));
-            assertEquals(1, categories.size());
-            assertEquals(errorClass,
-                    intent.getIntExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_ERROR_CLASS, -1 /* defaultValue */));
-            assertEquals(errorCode,
-                    intent.getIntExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_ERROR_CODE, -1 /* defaultValue */));
-            // CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER & CATEGORY_EVENT_ALWAYS_ON_STATE_CHANGED won't
-            // send NetworkCapabilities & LinkProperties to VPN app.
-            // For ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST, the NetworkCapabilities & LinkProperties of underlying
-            // network will be cleared. So the VPN app will receive null for those 2 extra values.
-            if (category.equals(VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER)
-                    || category.equals(VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_ALWAYS_ON_STATE_CHANGED)
-                    || errorCode == VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST) {
-                assertNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                        VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES));
-                assertNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_LINK_PROPERTIES));
-            } else {
-                assertNotNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                        VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_NETWORK_CAPABILITIES));
-                assertNotNull(intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                        VpnManager.EXTRA_UNDERLYING_LINK_PROPERTIES));
-            }
-
-            assertEquals(profileState[i], intent.getParcelableExtra(
-                    VpnManager.EXTRA_VPN_PROFILE_STATE, VpnProfileState.class));
-        }
-        reset(userContext);
-    }
-
-    private void verifyDeactivatedByUser(String sessionKey, String[] packageName) {
-        // CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER is not an error event, so both of errorClass and
-        // errorCode won't be set.
-        verifyVpnManagerEvent(sessionKey, VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_DEACTIVATED_BY_USER,
-                -1 /* errorClass */, -1 /* errorCode */, packageName,
-                // VPN NetworkAgnet does not switch to CONNECTED in the test, and the state is not
-                // important here. Verify that the state as it is, i.e. CONNECTING state.
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_CONNECTING,
-                        sessionKey, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-    }
-
-    private void verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(String[] packageName, VpnProfileState... profileState) {
-        verifyVpnManagerEvent(null /* sessionKey */,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_ALWAYS_ON_STATE_CHANGED, -1 /* errorClass */,
-                -1 /* errorCode */, packageName, profileState);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnManagerEventForUserDeactivated() throws Exception {
-        // For security reasons, Vpn#prepare() will check that oldPackage and newPackage are either
-        // null or the package of the caller. This test will call Vpn#prepare() to pretend the old
-        // VPN is replaced by a new one. But only Settings can change to some other packages, and
-        // this is checked with CONTROL_VPN so simulate holding CONTROL_VPN in order to pass the
-        // security checks.
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        // Test the case that the user deactivates the vpn in vpn app.
-        final String sessionKey1 = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyDeactivatedByUser(sessionKey1, new String[] {TEST_VPN_PKG});
-        reset(mAppOps);
-
-        // Test the case that the user chooses another vpn and the original one is replaced.
-        final String sessionKey2 = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        vpn.prepare(TEST_VPN_PKG, "com.new.vpn" /* newPackage */, TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsDeactivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyDeactivatedByUser(sessionKey2, new String[] {TEST_VPN_PKG});
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnManagerEventForAlwaysOnChanged() throws Exception {
-        // Calling setAlwaysOnPackage() needs to hold CONTROL_VPN.
-        doReturn(PERMISSION_GRANTED).when(mContext).checkCallingOrSelfPermission(CONTROL_VPN);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        // Enable VPN always-on for PKGS[1].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Enable VPN lockdown for PKGS[1].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], true /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, true /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Disable VPN lockdown for PKGS[1].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Disable VPN always-on.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(null, false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Enable VPN always-on for PKGS[1] again.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[1], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[1]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-
-        // Enable VPN always-on for PKGS[2].
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(PKGS[2], false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(PKGS[2]);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        // PKGS[1] is replaced with PKGS[2].
-        // Pass 2 VpnProfileState objects to verifyVpnManagerEvent(), the first one is sent to
-        // PKGS[1] to notify PKGS[1] that the VPN always-on is disabled, the second one is sent to
-        // PKGS[2] to notify PKGS[2] that the VPN always-on is enabled.
-        verifyAlwaysOnStateChanged(new String[] {PKGS[1], PKGS[2]},
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */),
-                new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_DISCONNECTED,
-                        null /* sessionKey */, true /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testReconnectVpnManagerVpnWithAlwaysOnEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Enable VPN always-on for TEST_VPN_PKG.
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-
-        // Reset to verify next startVpnProfile.
-        reset(mAppOps);
-
-        vpn.stopVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-
-        // Reconnect the vpn with different package will cause exception.
-        assertThrows(SecurityException.class, () -> vpn.startVpnProfile(PKGS[0]));
-
-        // Reconnect the vpn again with the vpn always on package w/o exception.
-        vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        verifyPlatformVpnIsActivated(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLockdown_enableDisableWhileConnected() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mTestDeps);
-        order.verify(mTestDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                        argThat(config -> config.allowBypass), any(), any());
-
-        // Make VPN lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpnSnapShot.vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, true /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-
-        order.verify(mTestDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                argThat(config -> !config.allowBypass), any(), any());
-
-        // Disable lockdown.
-        assertTrue(vpnSnapShot.vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, false /* lockdown */,
-                null /* lockdownAllowlist */));
-
-        order.verify(mTestDeps, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(),
-                        argThat(config -> config.allowBypass), any(), any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationVpnService() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_SERVICE));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, TYPE_VPN_PLATFORM));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetPackageAuthorizationRevokeAuthorization() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn();
-
-        assertTrue(vpn.setPackageAuthorization(TEST_VPN_PKG, VpnManager.TYPE_VPN_NONE));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
-        verify(mAppOps)
-                .setMode(
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN),
-                        eq(UserHandle.getUid(PRIMARY_USER.id, Process.myUid())),
-                        eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                        eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED));
-    }
-
-    private NetworkCallback triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback() throws Exception {
-        return triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback(new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-    }
-
-    private NetworkCallback triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback(
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) throws Exception {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCallback> networkCallbackCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCallback.class);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .registerSystemDefaultNetworkCallback(networkCallbackCaptor.capture(), any());
-
-        // onAvailable() will trigger onDefaultNetworkChanged(), so NetdUtils#setInterfaceUp will be
-        // invoked. Set the return value of INetd#interfaceGetCfg to prevent NullPointerException.
-        final InterfaceConfigurationParcel config = new InterfaceConfigurationParcel();
-        config.flags = new String[] {IF_STATE_DOWN};
-        when(mNetd.interfaceGetCfg(anyString())).thenReturn(config);
-        final NetworkCallback cb = networkCallbackCaptor.getValue();
-        cb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK);
-        // Trigger onCapabilitiesChanged() and onLinkPropertiesChanged() so the test can verify that
-        // if NetworkCapabilities and LinkProperties of underlying network will be sent/cleared or
-        // not.
-        // See verifyVpnManagerEvent().
-        cb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, caps);
-        cb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, new LinkProperties());
-        return cb;
-    }
-
-    private void verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(String flag) throws Exception {
-        // Add a timeout for waiting for interfaceSetCfg to be called.
-        verify(mNetd, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).interfaceSetCfg(argThat(
-                config -> Arrays.asList(config.flags).contains(flag)));
-    }
-
-    private void doTestPlatformVpnWithException(IkeException exception,
-            String category, int errorType, int errorCode) throws Exception {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> captor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        doReturn(new NetworkCapabilities()).when(mConnectivityManager)
-                .getRedactedNetworkCapabilitiesForPackage(any(), anyInt(), anyString());
-        doReturn(new LinkProperties()).when(mConnectivityManager)
-                .getRedactedLinkPropertiesForPackage(any(), anyInt(), anyString());
-
-        final String sessionKey = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> uidRanges = rangeSet(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE);
-        // This is triggered by Ikev2VpnRunner constructor.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(uidRanges));
-        final NetworkCallback cb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
-
-        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
-
-        // Wait for createIkeSession() to be called before proceeding in order to ensure consistent
-        // state
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), captor.capture(), any());
-        // This is triggered by Vpn#startOrMigrateIkeSession().
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2)).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(uidRanges));
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        // For network lost case, the process should be triggered by calling onLost(), which is the
-        // same process with the real case.
-        if (errorCode == VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST) {
-            cb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-            verify(mExecutor, atLeastOnce()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-        } else {
-            final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = captor.getValue();
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> ikeCb.onClosedWithException(exception));
-        }
-
-        verifyPowerSaveTempWhitelistApp(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        reset(mDeviceIdleInternal);
-        verifyVpnManagerEvent(sessionKey, category, errorType, errorCode,
-                // VPN NetworkAgnet does not switch to CONNECTED in the test, and the state is not
-                // important here. Verify that the state as it is, i.e. CONNECTING state.
-                new String[] {TEST_VPN_PKG}, new VpnProfileState(VpnProfileState.STATE_CONNECTING,
-                        sessionKey, false /* alwaysOn */, false /* lockdown */));
-        if (errorType == VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_NOT_RECOVERABLE) {
-            verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey),
-                    eq(Collections.EMPTY_LIST));
-            verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                    .unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(cb));
-        } else if (errorType == VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE
-                // Vpn won't retry when there is no usable underlying network.
-                && errorCode != VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST) {
-            int retryIndex = 0;
-            // First failure occurred above.
-            final IkeSessionCallback retryCb = verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(retryIndex++);
-            // Trigger 2 more failures to let the retry delay increase to 5s.
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> retryCb.onClosedWithException(exception));
-            final IkeSessionCallback retryCb2 = verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(retryIndex++);
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> retryCb2.onClosedWithException(exception));
-            final IkeSessionCallback retryCb3 = verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(retryIndex++);
-
-            // setVpnDefaultForUids may be called again but the uidRanges should not change.
-            verify(mConnectivityManager, atLeast(2)).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey),
-                    mUidRangesCaptor.capture());
-            final List<Collection<Range<Integer>>> capturedUidRanges =
-                    mUidRangesCaptor.getAllValues();
-            for (int i = 2; i < capturedUidRanges.size(); i++) {
-                // Assert equals no order.
-                assertTrue(
-                        "uid ranges should not be modified. Expected: " + uidRanges
-                                + ", actual: " + capturedUidRanges.get(i),
-                        capturedUidRanges.get(i).containsAll(uidRanges)
-                                && capturedUidRanges.get(i).size() == uidRanges.size());
-            }
-
-            // A fourth failure will cause the retry delay to be greater than 5s.
-            mExecutor.execute(() -> retryCb3.onClosedWithException(exception));
-            verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(retryIndex++);
-
-            // The VPN network preference will be cleared when the retry delay is greater than 5s.
-            verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey),
-                    eq(Collections.EMPTY_LIST));
-        }
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionCallback verifyRetryAndGetNewIkeCb(int retryIndex) {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> ikeCbCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-
-        // Verify retry is scheduled
-        final long expectedDelayMs = mTestDeps.getNextRetryDelayMs(retryIndex);
-        verify(mExecutor, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).schedule(any(Runnable.class),
-                eq(expectedDelayMs), eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS + expectedDelayMs))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), ikeCbCaptor.capture(), any());
-
-        // Forget the mIkev2SessionCreator#createIkeSession call and mExecutor#schedule call
-        // for the next retry verification
-        resetIkev2SessionCreator(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-
-        return ikeCbCaptor.getValue();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnAuthenticationFailed() throws Exception {
-        final IkeProtocolException exception = mock(IkeProtocolException.class);
-        final int errorCode = IkeProtocolException.ERROR_TYPE_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED;
-        when(exception.getErrorType()).thenReturn(errorCode);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_IKE_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_NOT_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithRecoverableError() throws Exception {
-        final IkeProtocolException exception = mock(IkeProtocolException.class);
-        final int errorCode = IkeProtocolException.ERROR_TYPE_TEMPORARY_FAILURE;
-        when(exception.getErrorType()).thenReturn(errorCode);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_IKE_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE, errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithUnknownHostException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final UnknownHostException unknownHostException = new UnknownHostException();
-        final int errorCode = VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_UNKNOWN_HOST;
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(unknownHostException);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIkeTimeoutException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final IkeTimeoutException ikeTimeoutException =
-                new IkeTimeoutException("IkeTimeoutException");
-        final int errorCode = VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_PROTOCOL_TIMEOUT;
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(ikeTimeoutException);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIkeNetworkLostException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNetworkLostException exception = new IkeNetworkLostException(
-                new Network(100));
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_LOST);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnFailedWithIOException() throws Exception {
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final IOException ioException = new IOException();
-        final int errorCode = VpnManager.ERROR_CODE_NETWORK_IO;
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(ioException);
-        doTestPlatformVpnWithException(exception,
-                VpnManager.CATEGORY_EVENT_NETWORK_ERROR, VpnManager.ERROR_CLASS_RECOVERABLE,
-                errorCode);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnIllegalArgumentExceptionInSetup() throws Exception {
-        when(mIkev2SessionCreator.createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any()))
-                .thenThrow(new IllegalArgumentException());
-        final Vpn vpn = startLegacyVpn(createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id), mVpnProfile);
-        final NetworkCallback cb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
-
-        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
-
-        // Wait for createIkeSession() to be called before proceeding in order to ensure consistent
-        // state
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).unregisterNetworkCallback(eq(cb));
-        assertEquals(LegacyVpnInfo.STATE_FAILED, vpn.getLegacyVpnInfo().state);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testVpnManagerEventWillNotBeSentToSettingsVpn() throws Exception {
-        startLegacyVpn(createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id), mVpnProfile);
-        triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback();
-
-        verifyInterfaceSetCfgWithFlags(IF_STATE_UP);
-
-        final IkeNonProtocolException exception = mock(IkeNonProtocolException.class);
-        final IkeTimeoutException ikeTimeoutException =
-                new IkeTimeoutException("IkeTimeoutException");
-        when(exception.getCause()).thenReturn(ikeTimeoutException);
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> captor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), captor.capture(), any());
-        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = captor.getValue();
-        ikeCb.onClosedWithException(exception);
-
-        final Context userContext =
-                mContext.createContextAsUser(UserHandle.of(PRIMARY_USER.id), 0 /* flags */);
-        verify(userContext, never()).startService(any());
-    }
-
-    private void setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(Vpn vpn, int uid, boolean lockdownEnabled) {
-        assertTrue(vpn.setAlwaysOnPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG, lockdownEnabled, null));
-
-        verify(mVpnProfileStore).get(eq(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)));
-        verify(mAppOps).setMode(
-                eq(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN), eq(uid), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG),
-                eq(AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED));
-
-        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
-                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_APP), eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), eq(PRIMARY_USER.id));
-        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutIntForUser(
-                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN), eq(lockdownEnabled ? 1 : 0),
-                eq(PRIMARY_USER.id));
-        verify(mSystemServices).settingsSecurePutStringForUser(
-                eq(Settings.Secure.ALWAYS_ON_VPN_LOCKDOWN_WHITELIST), eq(""), eq(PRIMARY_USER.id));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testSetAndStartAlwaysOnVpn() throws Exception {
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-
-        // UID checks must return a different UID; otherwise it'll be treated as already prepared.
-        final int uid = Process.myUid() + 1;
-        when(mPackageManager.getPackageUidAsUser(eq(TEST_VPN_PKG), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(uid);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(mVpnProfile.encode());
-
-        setAndVerifyAlwaysOnPackage(vpn, uid, false);
-        assertTrue(vpn.startAlwaysOnVpn());
-
-        // TODO: Test the Ikev2VpnRunner started up properly. Relies on utility methods added in
-        // a subsequent CL.
-    }
-
-    private Vpn startLegacyVpn(final Vpn vpn, final VpnProfile vpnProfile) throws Exception {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-        vpn.startLegacyVpn(vpnProfile);
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionConnectionInfo createIkeConnectInfo() {
-        return new IkeSessionConnectionInfo(TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP, TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP, TEST_NETWORK);
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionConnectionInfo createIkeConnectInfo_2() {
-        return new IkeSessionConnectionInfo(
-                TEST_VPN_CLIENT_IP_2, TEST_VPN_SERVER_IP_2, TEST_NETWORK_2);
-    }
-
-    private IkeSessionConfiguration createIkeConfig(
-            IkeSessionConnectionInfo ikeConnectInfo, boolean isMobikeEnabled) {
-        final IkeSessionConfiguration.Builder builder =
-                new IkeSessionConfiguration.Builder(ikeConnectInfo);
-
-        if (isMobikeEnabled) {
-            builder.addIkeExtension(EXTENSION_TYPE_MOBIKE);
-        }
-
-        return builder.build();
-    }
-
-    private ChildSessionConfiguration createChildConfig() {
-        return new ChildSessionConfiguration.Builder(
-                        Arrays.asList(IN_TS, IN_TS6), Arrays.asList(OUT_TS, OUT_TS6))
-                .addInternalAddress(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP, IP4_PREFIX_LEN))
-                .addInternalAddress(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6, IP6_PREFIX_LEN))
-                .addInternalDnsServer(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS)
-                .addInternalDnsServer(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS6)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private IpSecTransform createIpSecTransform() {
-        return new IpSecTransform(mContext, new IpSecConfig());
-    }
-
-    private void verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(int expectedTimes) throws Exception {
-        verify(mIpSecService, times(expectedTimes)).applyTunnelModeTransform(
-                eq(TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID), eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN),
-                anyInt(), anyString());
-        verify(mIpSecService, times(expectedTimes)).applyTunnelModeTransform(
-                eq(TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID), eq(IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT),
-                anyInt(), anyString());
-    }
-
-    private Pair<IkeSessionCallback, ChildSessionCallback> verifyCreateIkeAndCaptureCbs()
-            throws Exception {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<IkeSessionCallback> ikeCbCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(IkeSessionCallback.class);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<ChildSessionCallback> childCbCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ChildSessionCallback.class);
-
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).createIkeSession(
-                any(), any(), any(), any(), ikeCbCaptor.capture(), childCbCaptor.capture());
-
-        return new Pair<>(ikeCbCaptor.getValue(), childCbCaptor.getValue());
-    }
-
-    private static class PlatformVpnSnapshot {
-        public final Vpn vpn;
-        public final NetworkCallback nwCb;
-        public final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb;
-        public final ChildSessionCallback childCb;
-
-        PlatformVpnSnapshot(Vpn vpn, NetworkCallback nwCb,
-                IkeSessionCallback ikeCb, ChildSessionCallback childCb) {
-            this.vpn = vpn;
-            this.nwCb = nwCb;
-            this.ikeCb = ikeCb;
-            this.childCb = childCb;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig)
-            throws Exception {
-        return verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeConfig, true);
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-            IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig, boolean mtuSupportsIpv6) throws Exception {
-        return verifySetupPlatformVpn(mVpnProfile, ikeConfig, mtuSupportsIpv6);
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(VpnProfile vpnProfile,
-            IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig, boolean mtuSupportsIpv6) throws Exception {
-        return verifySetupPlatformVpn(vpnProfile, ikeConfig,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build() /* underlying network caps */,
-                mtuSupportsIpv6, false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    private PlatformVpnSnapshot verifySetupPlatformVpn(VpnProfile vpnProfile,
-            IkeSessionConfiguration ikeConfig,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities underlyingNetworkCaps,
-            boolean mtuSupportsIpv6,
-            boolean areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive) throws Exception {
-        if (!mtuSupportsIpv6) {
-            doReturn(IPV6_MIN_MTU - 1).when(mTestDeps).calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(),
-                    anyBoolean());
-        }
-
-        doReturn(mMockNetworkAgent).when(mTestDeps)
-                .newNetworkAgent(
-                        any(), any(), anyString(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(AppOpsManager.OPSTR_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN);
-        when(mVpnProfileStore.get(vpn.getProfileNameForPackage(TEST_VPN_PKG)))
-                .thenReturn(vpnProfile.encode());
-
-        final String sessionKey = vpn.startVpnProfile(TEST_VPN_PKG);
-        final Set<Range<Integer>> uidRanges = Collections.singleton(PRIMARY_USER_RANGE);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(eq(sessionKey), eq(uidRanges));
-        final NetworkCallback nwCb = triggerOnAvailableAndGetCallback(underlyingNetworkCaps);
-        // There are 4 interactions with the executor.
-        // - Network available
-        // - LP change
-        // - NC change
-        // - schedule() calls in scheduleStartIkeSession()
-        // The first 3 calls are triggered from Executor.execute(). The execute() will also call to
-        // schedule() with 0 delay. Verify the exact interaction here so that it won't cause flakes
-        // in the follow-up flow.
-        verify(mExecutor, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS).times(4))
-                .schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Mock the setup procedure by firing callbacks
-        final Pair<IkeSessionCallback, ChildSessionCallback> cbPair =
-                verifyCreateIkeAndCaptureCbs();
-        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = cbPair.first;
-        final ChildSessionCallback childCb = cbPair.second;
-
-        ikeCb.onOpened(ikeConfig);
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN);
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT);
-        childCb.onOpened(createChildConfig());
-
-        // Verification VPN setup
-        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(1);
-
-        ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-        ArgumentCaptor<NetworkAgentConfig> nacCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkAgentConfig.class);
-        verify(mTestDeps).newNetworkAgent(
-                any(), any(), anyString(), ncCaptor.capture(), lpCaptor.capture(),
-                any(), nacCaptor.capture(), any(), any());
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper).setUnderpinnedNetwork(TEST_NETWORK);
-        // Check LinkProperties
-        final LinkProperties lp = lpCaptor.getValue();
-        final List<RouteInfo> expectedRoutes =
-                new ArrayList<>(
-                        Arrays.asList(
-                                new RouteInfo(
-                                        new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0),
-                                        null /* gateway */,
-                                        TEST_IFACE_NAME,
-                                        RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST)));
-        final List<LinkAddress> expectedAddresses =
-                new ArrayList<>(
-                        Arrays.asList(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP, IP4_PREFIX_LEN)));
-        final List<InetAddress> expectedDns = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS));
-
-        if (mtuSupportsIpv6) {
-            expectedRoutes.add(
-                    new RouteInfo(
-                            new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0),
-                            null /* gateway */,
-                            TEST_IFACE_NAME,
-                            RouteInfo.RTN_UNICAST));
-            expectedAddresses.add(new LinkAddress(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_IP6, IP6_PREFIX_LEN));
-            expectedDns.add(TEST_VPN_INTERNAL_DNS6);
-        } else {
-            expectedRoutes.add(
-                    new RouteInfo(
-                            new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0),
-                            null /* gateway */,
-                            TEST_IFACE_NAME,
-                            RTN_UNREACHABLE));
-        }
-
-        assertEquals(expectedRoutes, lp.getRoutes());
-        assertEquals(expectedAddresses, lp.getLinkAddresses());
-        assertEquals(expectedDns, lp.getDnsServers());
-
-        // Check NetworkCapabilities
-        assertEquals(Arrays.asList(TEST_NETWORK), ncCaptor.getValue().getUnderlyingNetworks());
-
-        // Check if allowBypass is set or not.
-        assertTrue(nacCaptor.getValue().isBypassableVpn());
-        // Check if extra info for VPN is set.
-        assertTrue(nacCaptor.getValue().getLegacyExtraInfo().contains(TEST_VPN_PKG));
-        final VpnTransportInfo info = (VpnTransportInfo) ncCaptor.getValue().getTransportInfo();
-        assertTrue(info.isBypassable());
-        assertEquals(areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive,
-                info.areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive());
-        return new PlatformVpnSnapshot(vpn, nwCb, ikeCb, childCb);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpn() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).setVpnDefaultForUids(anyString(), eq(Collections.EMPTY_LIST));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AutoTimerNoTimer() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AutoTimerTimerSet() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AutoIp() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                true /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                false /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams_AssignedIpProtocol() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                false /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_UNSET /* keepaliveInProfile */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4 /* ipVersionInProfile */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP /* encapTypeInProfile */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams_AutoTimer() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams(
-                false /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams_AutoIp() throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams(
-                true /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                false /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */);
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromNotIkeTunnConnParams(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled) throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */)
-                        .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled)
-                        .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled)
-                        .build();
-
-        final int expectedKeepalive = isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled
-                ? AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS
-                : DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT;
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                expectedKeepalive,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-    }
-
-    private Ikev2VpnProfile makeIkeV2VpnProfile(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-            int keepaliveInProfile,
-            int ipVersionInProfile,
-            int encapTypeInProfile) {
-        // TODO: Update helper function in IkeSessionTestUtils to support building IkeSessionParams
-        // with IP version and encap type when mainline-prod branch support these two APIs.
-        final IkeSessionParams params = getTestIkeSessionParams(true /* testIpv6 */,
-                new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_IDENTITY), keepaliveInProfile);
-        final IkeSessionParams ikeSessionParams = new IkeSessionParams.Builder(params)
-                .setIpVersion(ipVersionInProfile)
-                .setEncapType(encapTypeInProfile)
-                .build();
-
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(ikeSessionParams, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        return new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams)
-                .setBypassable(true)
-                .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled)
-                .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled)
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-            int keepaliveInProfile,
-            int ipVersionInProfile,
-            int encapTypeInProfile) throws Exception {
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-                isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled, keepaliveInProfile, ipVersionInProfile,
-                encapTypeInProfile, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession_FromIkeTunnConnParams(
-            boolean isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-            boolean isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-            int keepaliveInProfile,
-            int ipVersionInProfile,
-            int encapTypeInProfile,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities nc) throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = makeIkeV2VpnProfile(
-                isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled,
-                isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled,
-                keepaliveInProfile,
-                ipVersionInProfile,
-                encapTypeInProfile);
-
-        final IkeSessionParams ikeSessionParams =
-                ikeProfile.getIkeTunnelConnectionParams().getIkeSessionParams();
-        final int expectedKeepalive = isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled
-                ? AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS
-                : ikeSessionParams.getNattKeepAliveDelaySeconds();
-        final int expectedIpVersion = isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled
-                ? ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO
-                : ikeSessionParams.getIpVersion();
-        final int expectedEncapType = isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled
-                ? ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO
-                : ikeSessionParams.getEncapType();
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(), expectedKeepalive,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, nc);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void doTestMigrateIkeSession_Vcn() throws Exception {
-        final int expectedKeepalive = 2097; // Any unlikely number will do
-        final NetworkCapabilities vcnNc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .setTransportInfo(new VcnTransportInfo(TEST_SUB_ID, expectedKeepalive))
-                .build();
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikev2VpnProfile = makeIkeV2VpnProfile(
-                true /* isAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled */,
-                true /* isAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled */,
-                234 /* keepaliveInProfile */, // Should be ignored, any value will do
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4, // Should be ignored
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP // Should be ignored
-        );
-        doTestMigrateIkeSession(
-                ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                expectedKeepalive,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                vcnNc);
-    }
-
-    private void doTestMigrateIkeSession(
-            @NonNull final VpnProfile profile,
-            final int expectedKeepalive,
-            final int expectedIpVersion,
-            final int expectedEncapType,
-            @NonNull final NetworkCapabilities caps) throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(profile,
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        caps /* underlying network capabilities */,
-                        false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        expectedKeepalive < DEFAULT_LONG_LIVED_TCP_CONNS_EXPENSIVE_TIMEOUT_SEC);
-        // Simulate a new network coming up
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, caps);
-        // Verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, expectedKeepalive);
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testLinkPropertiesUpdateTriggerReevaluation() throws Exception {
-        final boolean hasV6 = true;
-
-        mockCarrierConfig(TEST_SUB_ID, TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_ESP);
-        final IkeSessionParams params = getTestIkeSessionParams(hasV6,
-                new IkeFqdnIdentification(TEST_IDENTITY), TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-        final IkeTunnelConnectionParams tunnelParams =
-                new IkeTunnelConnectionParams(params, CHILD_PARAMS);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile = new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(tunnelParams)
-                .setBypassable(true)
-                .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(false)
-                .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true)
-                .build();
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build() /* underlying network caps */,
-                        hasV6 /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Simulate a new network coming up
-        final LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
-        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.0.2.2/32"));
-
-        // Have the executor use the real delay to make sure schedule() was called only
-        // once for all calls. Also, arrange for execute() not to call schedule() to avoid
-        // messing with the checks for schedule().
-        mExecutor.delayMs = TestExecutor.REAL_DELAY;
-        mExecutor.executeDirect = true;
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(
-                TEST_NETWORK_2, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        verify(mExecutor).schedule(any(Runnable.class), longThat(it -> it > 0), any());
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        final InOrder order = inOrder(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-
-        // Verify the network is started
-        order.verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO, ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-
-        // Send the same properties, check that no migration is scheduled
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        verify(mExecutor, never()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-
-        // Add v6 address, verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("2001:db8::1/64"));
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        order.verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO, ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-
-        // Add another v4 address, verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        final LinkProperties stacked = new LinkProperties();
-        stacked.setInterfaceName("v4-" + lp.getInterfaceName());
-        stacked.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress("192.168.0.1/32"));
-        lp.addStackedLink(stacked);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLinkPropertiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, new LinkProperties(lp));
-        order.verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TIMEOUT_CROSSTHREAD_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO, ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER);
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    private void mockCarrierConfig(int subId, int simStatus, int keepaliveTimer, int ikeProtocol) {
-        final SubscriptionInfo subscriptionInfo = mock(SubscriptionInfo.class);
-        doReturn(subId).when(subscriptionInfo).getSubscriptionId();
-        doReturn(List.of(subscriptionInfo)).when(mSubscriptionManager)
-                .getActiveSubscriptionInfoList();
-
-        doReturn(simStatus).when(mTmPerSub).getSimApplicationState();
-        doReturn(TEST_MCCMNC).when(mTmPerSub).getSimOperator(subId);
-
-        final PersistableBundle persistableBundle = new PersistableBundle();
-        persistableBundle.putInt(KEY_MIN_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT, keepaliveTimer);
-        persistableBundle.putInt(KEY_PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_INT, ikeProtocol);
-        // For CarrierConfigManager.isConfigForIdentifiedCarrier check
-        persistableBundle.putBoolean(KEY_CARRIER_CONFIG_APPLIED_BOOL, true);
-        doReturn(persistableBundle).when(mConfigManager).getConfigForSubId(subId);
-    }
-
-    private CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener getCarrierConfigListener() {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener> listenerCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener.class);
-
-        verify(mConfigManager).registerCarrierConfigChangeListener(any(), listenerCaptor.capture());
-
-        return listenerCaptor.getValue();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig_noSubId() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(new NetworkCapabilities(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                false /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig_simAbsent() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_ABSENT,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                false /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_AUTO,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNattKeepaliveTimerFromCarrierConfig_NotCell() throws Exception {
-        final NetworkCapabilities nc = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_WIFI)
-                .setTransportInfo(new WifiInfo.Builder().build())
-                .build();
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(nc,
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                AUTOMATIC_KEEPALIVE_DELAY_SECONDS /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO /* expectedEncapType */,
-                false /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v4UDP() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV4_UDP,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV4 /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v6ESP() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_ESP,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV6 /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_NONE /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testPreferredIpProtocolFromCarrierConfig_v6UDP() throws Exception {
-        doTestReadCarrierConfig(createTestCellNc(),
-                TelephonyManager.SIM_STATE_LOADED,
-                PREFERRED_IKE_PROTOCOL_IPV6_UDP,
-                TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER /* expectedKeepaliveTimer */,
-                ESP_IP_VERSION_IPV6 /* expectedIpVersion */,
-                ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_UDP /* expectedEncapType */,
-                true /* expectedReadFromCarrierConfig*/,
-                false /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-    }
-
-    private NetworkCapabilities createTestCellNc() {
-        return new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .setNetworkSpecifier(new TelephonyNetworkSpecifier.Builder()
-                        .setSubscriptionId(TEST_SUB_ID)
-                        .build())
-                .build();
-    }
-
-    private void doTestReadCarrierConfig(NetworkCapabilities nc, int simState, int preferredIpProto,
-            int expectedKeepaliveTimer, int expectedIpVersion, int expectedEncapType,
-            boolean expectedReadFromCarrierConfig,
-            boolean areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive)
-            throws Exception {
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */)
-                        .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(true)
-                        .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true)
-                        .build();
-
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build() /* underlying network caps */,
-                        false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-
-        final CarrierConfigManager.CarrierConfigChangeListener listener =
-                getCarrierConfigListener();
-
-        // Simulate a new network coming up
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        // Migration will not be started until receiving network capabilities change.
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-
-        reset(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-        mockCarrierConfig(TEST_SUB_ID, simState, TEST_KEEPALIVE_TIMER, preferredIpProto);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2, nc);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, expectedKeepaliveTimer);
-        if (expectedReadFromCarrierConfig) {
-            final ArgumentCaptor<NetworkCapabilities> ncCaptor =
-                    ArgumentCaptor.forClass(NetworkCapabilities.class);
-            verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                    .doSendNetworkCapabilities(ncCaptor.capture());
-
-            final VpnTransportInfo info =
-                    (VpnTransportInfo) ncCaptor.getValue().getTransportInfo();
-            assertEquals(areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive,
-                    info.areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive());
-        } else {
-            verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).doSendNetworkCapabilities(any());
-        }
-
-        reset(mExecutor);
-        reset(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Trigger carrier config change
-        listener.onCarrierConfigChanged(1 /* logicalSlotIndex */, TEST_SUB_ID,
-                -1 /* carrierId */, -1 /* specificCarrierId */);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper).setNetwork(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                expectedIpVersion, expectedEncapType, expectedKeepaliveTimer);
-        // Expect no NetworkCapabilities change.
-        // Call to doSendNetworkCapabilities() will not be triggered.
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).doSendNetworkCapabilities(any());
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpn_mtuDoesNotSupportIpv6() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */);
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpn_underlyingNetworkNotChange() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        // Trigger update on the same network should not cause underlying network change in NC of
-        // the VPN network
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                        .setSubscriptionIds(Set.of(TEST_SUB_ID))
-                        .build());
-        // Verify setNetwork() called but no underlying network update
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(eq(TEST_NETWORK),
-                eq(ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO) /* ipVersion */,
-                eq(ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO) /* encapType */,
-                eq(DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT) /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never())
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(any());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-
-        // A new network should trigger both setNetwork() and a underlying network update.
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(eq(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                eq(ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO) /* ipVersion */,
-                eq(ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO) /* encapType */,
-                eq(DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT) /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSetUnderlyingNetworks(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnMobility_mobikeEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        // Set new MTU on a different network
-        final int newMtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU + 1;
-        doReturn(newMtu).when(mTestDeps).calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyBoolean());
-
-        // Mock network loss and verify a cleanup task is scheduled
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-        verify(mExecutor, atLeastOnce()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-
-        // Mock new network comes up and the cleanup task is cancelled
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyInt());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        // Verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).setNetwork(eq(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                eq(ESP_IP_VERSION_AUTO) /* ipVersion */,
-                eq(ESP_ENCAP_TYPE_AUTO) /* encapType */,
-                eq(DEFAULT_UDP_PORT_4500_NAT_TIMEOUT_SEC_INT) /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        // Verify mNetworkCapabilities is updated
-        assertEquals(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent)
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-
-        // Mock the MOBIKE procedure
-        vpnSnapShot.ikeCb.onIkeSessionConnectionInfoChanged(createIkeConnectInfo_2());
-        vpnSnapShot.childCb.onIpSecTransformsMigrated(
-                createIpSecTransform(), createIpSecTransform());
-
-        verify(mIpSecService).setNetworkForTunnelInterface(
-                eq(TEST_TUNNEL_RESOURCE_ID), eq(TEST_NETWORK_2), anyString());
-
-        // Expect 2 times: one for initial setup and one for MOBIKE
-        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(2);
-
-        // Verify mNetworkAgent is updated
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).doSendLinkProperties(argThat(lp -> lp.getMtu() == newMtu));
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).unregister();
-        // No further doSetUnderlyingNetworks interaction. The interaction count should stay one.
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, times(1)).doSetUnderlyingNetworks(any());
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnMobility_mobikeEnabledMtuDoesNotSupportIpv6() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        // Set MTU below 1280
-        final int newMtu = IPV6_MIN_MTU - 1;
-        doReturn(newMtu).when(mTestDeps).calculateVpnMtu(any(), anyInt(), anyInt(), anyBoolean());
-
-        // Mock new network available & MOBIKE procedures
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK_2,
-                new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        // Verify mNetworkCapabilities is updated
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-        assertEquals(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.ikeCb.onIkeSessionConnectionInfoChanged(createIkeConnectInfo_2());
-        vpnSnapShot.childCb.onIpSecTransformsMigrated(
-                createIpSecTransform(), createIpSecTransform());
-
-        // Verify removal of IPv6 addresses and routes triggers a network agent restart
-        final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        verify(mTestDeps, times(2))
-                .newNetworkAgent(any(), any(), anyString(), any(), lpCaptor.capture(), any(), any(),
-                        any(), any());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent).unregister();
-        // mMockNetworkAgent is an old NetworkAgent, so it won't update LinkProperties after
-        // unregistering.
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, never()).doSendLinkProperties(any());
-
-        final LinkProperties lp = lpCaptor.getValue();
-
-        for (LinkAddress addr : lp.getLinkAddresses()) {
-            if (addr.isIpv6()) {
-                fail("IPv6 address found on VPN with MTU < IPv6 minimum MTU");
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (InetAddress dnsAddr : lp.getDnsServers()) {
-            if (dnsAddr instanceof Inet6Address) {
-                fail("IPv6 DNS server found on VPN with MTU < IPv6 minimum MTU");
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (RouteInfo routeInfo : lp.getRoutes()) {
-            if (routeInfo.getDestinationLinkAddress().isIpv6()
-                    && !routeInfo.isIPv6UnreachableDefault()) {
-                fail("IPv6 route found on VPN with MTU < IPv6 minimum MTU");
-            }
-        }
-
-        assertEquals(newMtu, lp.getMtu());
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnReestablishes_mobikeDisabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        // Forget the first IKE creation to be prepared to capture callbacks of the second
-        // IKE session
-        resetIkev2SessionCreator(mock(Vpn.IkeSessionWrapper.class));
-
-        // Mock network switch
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onAvailable(TEST_NETWORK_2);
-        // The old IKE Session will not be killed until receiving network capabilities change.
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).kill();
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(
-                TEST_NETWORK_2, new NetworkCapabilities.Builder().build());
-        // Verify the old IKE Session is killed
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).kill();
-
-        // Capture callbacks of the new IKE Session
-        final Pair<IkeSessionCallback, ChildSessionCallback> cbPair =
-                verifyCreateIkeAndCaptureCbs();
-        final IkeSessionCallback ikeCb = cbPair.first;
-        final ChildSessionCallback childCb = cbPair.second;
-
-        // Mock the IKE Session setup
-        ikeCb.onOpened(createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo_2(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_IN);
-        childCb.onIpSecTransformCreated(createIpSecTransform(), IpSecManager.DIRECTION_OUT);
-        childCb.onOpened(createChildConfig());
-
-        // Expect 2 times since there have been two Session setups
-        verifyApplyTunnelModeTransforms(2);
-
-        // Verify mNetworkCapabilities and mNetworkAgent are updated
-        assertEquals(
-                Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2),
-                vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks());
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent)
-                .doSetUnderlyingNetworks(Collections.singletonList(TEST_NETWORK_2));
-
-        vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner.exitVpnRunner();
-    }
-
-    private String getDump(@NonNull final Vpn vpn) {
-        final StringWriter sw = new StringWriter();
-        final IndentingPrintWriter writer = new IndentingPrintWriter(sw, "");
-        vpn.dump(writer);
-        writer.flush();
-        return sw.toString();
-    }
-
-    private int countMatches(@NonNull final Pattern regexp, @NonNull final String string) {
-        final Matcher m = regexp.matcher(string);
-        int i = 0;
-        while (m.find()) ++i;
-        return i;
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testNCEventChanges() throws Exception {
-        final NetworkCapabilities.Builder ncBuilder = new NetworkCapabilities.Builder()
-                .addTransportType(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET)
-                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_RESTRICTED)
-                .setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(1000)
-                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(500);
-
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikeProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .setBypassable(true /* isBypassable */)
-                        .setAutomaticNattKeepaliveTimerEnabled(true)
-                        .setAutomaticIpVersionSelectionEnabled(true)
-                        .build();
-
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot =
-                verifySetupPlatformVpn(ikeProfile.toVpnProfile(),
-                        createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */),
-                        ncBuilder.build(), false /* mtuSupportsIpv6 */,
-                        true /* areLongLivedTcpConnectionsExpensive */);
-
-        // Calls to onCapabilitiesChanged will be thrown to the executor for execution ; by
-        // default this will incur a 10ms delay before it's executed, messing with the timing
-        // of the log and having the checks for counts in equals() below flake.
-        mExecutor.executeDirect = true;
-
-        // First nc changed triggered by verifySetupPlatformVpn
-        final Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("Cap changed from", Pattern.MULTILINE);
-        final String stage1 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        assertEquals(1, countMatches(pattern, stage1));
-
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage2 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Was the same caps, there should still be only 1 match
-        assertEquals(1, countMatches(pattern, stage2));
-
-        ncBuilder.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(1200)
-                .setLinkUpstreamBandwidthKbps(300);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage3 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Was not an important change, should not be logged, still only 1 match
-        assertEquals(1, countMatches(pattern, stage3));
-
-        ncBuilder.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage4 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Change to caps is important, should cause a new match
-        assertEquals(2, countMatches(pattern, stage4));
-
-        ncBuilder.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_TEMPORARILY_NOT_METERED);
-        ncBuilder.setLinkDownstreamBandwidthKbps(600);
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onCapabilitiesChanged(TEST_NETWORK, ncBuilder.build());
-        final String stage5 = getDump(vpnSnapShot.vpn);
-        // Change to caps is important, should cause a new match even with the unimportant change
-        assertEquals(3, countMatches(pattern, stage5));
-    }
-    // TODO : beef up event logs tests
-
-    private void verifyHandlingNetworkLoss(PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot) throws Exception {
-        // Forget the #sendLinkProperties during first setup.
-        reset(mMockNetworkAgent);
-
-        // Mock network loss
-        vpnSnapShot.nwCb.onLost(TEST_NETWORK);
-
-        // Mock the grace period expires
-        verify(mExecutor, atLeastOnce()).schedule(any(Runnable.class), anyLong(), any());
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<LinkProperties> lpCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LinkProperties.class);
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS))
-                .doSendLinkProperties(lpCaptor.capture());
-        final LinkProperties lp = lpCaptor.getValue();
-
-        assertNull(lp.getInterfaceName());
-        final List<RouteInfo> expectedRoutes = Arrays.asList(
-                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet4Address.ANY, 0), null /* gateway */,
-                        null /* iface */, RTN_UNREACHABLE),
-                new RouteInfo(new IpPrefix(Inet6Address.ANY, 0), null /* gateway */,
-                        null /* iface */, RTN_UNREACHABLE));
-        assertEquals(expectedRoutes, lp.getRoutes());
-
-        verify(mMockNetworkAgent, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS)).unregister();
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnHandlesNetworkLoss_mobikeEnabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        verifyHandlingNetworkLoss(vpnSnapShot);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartPlatformVpnHandlesNetworkLoss_mobikeDisabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-        verifyHandlingNetworkLoss(vpnSnapShot);
-    }
-
-    private ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback getConnectivityDiagCallback() {
-        final ArgumentCaptor<ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback> cdcCaptor =
-                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(ConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback.class);
-        verify(mCdm).registerConnectivityDiagnosticsCallback(
-                any(), any(), cdcCaptor.capture());
-        return cdcCaptor.getValue();
-    }
-
-    private DataStallReport createDataStallReport() {
-        return new DataStallReport(TEST_NETWORK, 1234 /* reportTimestamp */,
-                1 /* detectionMethod */, new LinkProperties(), new NetworkCapabilities(),
-                new PersistableBundle());
-    }
-
-    private void verifyMobikeTriggered(List<Network> expected, int retryIndex) {
-        // Verify retry is scheduled
-        final long expectedDelayMs = mTestDeps.getValidationFailRecoveryMs(retryIndex);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Long> delayCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Long.class);
-        verify(mExecutor, times(retryIndex + 1)).schedule(
-                any(Runnable.class), delayCaptor.capture(), eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-        final List<Long> delays = delayCaptor.getAllValues();
-        assertEquals(expectedDelayMs, (long) delays.get(delays.size() - 1));
-
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Network> networkCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Network.class);
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS + expectedDelayMs))
-                .setNetwork(networkCaptor.capture(), anyInt() /* ipVersion */,
-                        anyInt() /* encapType */, anyInt() /* keepaliveDelay */);
-        assertEquals(expected, Collections.singletonList(networkCaptor.getValue()));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDataStallInIkev2VpnMobikeDisabled() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), false /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-
-        // Should not trigger MOBIKE if MOBIKE is not enabled
-        verify(mIkeSessionWrapper, never()).setNetwork(any() /* network */,
-                anyInt() /* ipVersion */, anyInt() /* encapType */, anyInt() /* keepaliveDelay */);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDataStallInIkev2VpnRecoveredByMobike() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        // Verify MOBIKE is triggered
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                0 /* retryIndex */);
-        // Validation failure on VPN network should trigger a re-evaluation request for the
-        // underlying network.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Send validation status update.
-        // Recovered and get network validated. It should not trigger the ike session reset.
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_VALID);
-        // Verify that the retry count is reset. The mValidationFailRetryCount will not be reset
-        // until the executor finishes the execute() call, so wait until the all tasks are executed.
-        waitForIdleSerialExecutor(mExecutor, TEST_TIMEOUT_MS);
-        assertEquals(0,
-                ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).mValidationFailRetryCount);
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, never()).createIkeSession(
-                any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
-
-        reset(mIkeSessionWrapper);
-        reset(mExecutor);
-
-        // Another validation fail should trigger another reportNetworkConnectivity
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                0 /* retryIndex */);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(2)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testDataStallInIkev2VpnNotRecoveredByMobike() throws Exception {
-        final PlatformVpnSnapshot vpnSnapShot = verifySetupPlatformVpn(
-                createIkeConfig(createIkeConnectInfo(), true /* isMobikeEnabled */));
-
-        int retry = 0;
-        doReturn(TEST_NETWORK).when(mMockNetworkAgent).getNetwork();
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                retry++);
-        // Validation failure on VPN network should trigger a re-evaluation request for the
-        // underlying network.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-        reset(mIkev2SessionCreator);
-
-        // Second validation status update.
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verifyMobikeTriggered(vpnSnapShot.vpn.mNetworkCapabilities.getUnderlyingNetworks(),
-                retry++);
-        // Call to reportNetworkConnectivity should only happen once. No further interaction.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-
-        // Use real delay to verify reset session will not be performed if there is an existing
-        // recovery for resetting the session.
-        mExecutor.delayMs = TestExecutor.REAL_DELAY;
-        mExecutor.executeDirect = true;
-        // Send validation status update should result in ike session reset.
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-
-        // Verify session reset is scheduled
-        long expectedDelay = mTestDeps.getValidationFailRecoveryMs(retry++);
-        final ArgumentCaptor<Long> delayCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(Long.class);
-        verify(mExecutor, times(retry)).schedule(any(Runnable.class), delayCaptor.capture(),
-                eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-        final List<Long> delays = delayCaptor.getAllValues();
-        assertEquals(expectedDelay, (long) delays.get(delays.size() - 1));
-        // Call to reportNetworkConnectivity should only happen once. No further interaction.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-
-        // Another invalid status reported should not trigger other scheduled recovery.
-        expectedDelay = mTestDeps.getValidationFailRecoveryMs(retry++);
-        ((Vpn.IkeV2VpnRunner) vpnSnapShot.vpn.mVpnRunner).onValidationStatus(
-                NetworkAgent.VALIDATION_STATUS_NOT_VALID);
-        verify(mExecutor, never()).schedule(
-                any(Runnable.class), eq(expectedDelay), eq(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
-
-        // Verify that session being reset
-        verify(mIkev2SessionCreator, timeout(TEST_TIMEOUT_MS + expectedDelay))
-                .createIkeSession(any(), any(), any(), any(), any(), any());
-        // Call to reportNetworkConnectivity should only happen once. No further interaction.
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).reportNetworkConnectivity(TEST_NETWORK, false);
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartLegacyVpnType() throws Exception {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final VpnProfile profile = new VpnProfile("testProfile" /* key */);
-
-        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_PPTP;
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> startLegacyVpn(vpn, profile));
-        profile.type = VpnProfile.TYPE_L2TP_IPSEC_PSK;
-        assertThrows(UnsupportedOperationException.class, () -> startLegacyVpn(vpn, profile));
-    }
-
-    @Test
-    public void testStartLegacyVpnModifyProfile_TypePSK() throws Exception {
-        setMockedUsers(PRIMARY_USER);
-        final Vpn vpn = createVpn(PRIMARY_USER.id);
-        final Ikev2VpnProfile ikev2VpnProfile =
-                new Ikev2VpnProfile.Builder(TEST_VPN_SERVER, TEST_VPN_IDENTITY)
-                        .setAuthPsk(TEST_VPN_PSK)
-                        .build();
-        final VpnProfile profile = ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile();
-
-        startLegacyVpn(vpn, profile);
-        assertEquals(profile, ikev2VpnProfile.toVpnProfile());
-    }
-
-    private void assertTransportInfoMatches(NetworkCapabilities nc, int type) {
-        assertNotNull(nc);
-        VpnTransportInfo ti = (VpnTransportInfo) nc.getTransportInfo();
-        assertNotNull(ti);
-        assertEquals(type, ti.getType());
-    }
-
-    // Make it public and un-final so as to spy it
-    public class TestDeps extends Vpn.Dependencies {
-        TestDeps() {}
-
-        @Override
-        public boolean isCallerSystem() {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public PendingIntent getIntentForStatusPanel(Context context) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public ParcelFileDescriptor adoptFd(Vpn vpn, int mtu) {
-            return new ParcelFileDescriptor(new FileDescriptor());
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public int jniCreate(Vpn vpn, int mtu) {
-            // Pick a random positive number as fd to return.
-            return 345;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public String jniGetName(Vpn vpn, int fd) {
-            return TEST_IFACE_NAME;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public int jniSetAddresses(Vpn vpn, String interfaze, String addresses) {
-            if (addresses == null) return 0;
-            // Return the number of addresses.
-            return addresses.split(" ").length;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public void setBlocking(FileDescriptor fd, boolean blocking) {}
-
-        @Override
-        public DeviceIdleInternal getDeviceIdleInternal() {
-            return mDeviceIdleInternal;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public long getValidationFailRecoveryMs(int retryCount) {
-            // Simply return retryCount as the delay seconds for retrying.
-            return retryCount * 100L;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor newScheduledThreadPoolExecutor() {
-            return mExecutor;
-        }
-
-        public boolean mIgnoreCallingUidChecks = true;
-        @Override
-        public void verifyCallingUidAndPackage(Context context, String packageName, int userId) {
-            if (!mIgnoreCallingUidChecks) {
-                super.verifyCallingUidAndPackage(context, packageName, userId);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Mock some methods of vpn object.
-     */
-    private Vpn createVpn(@UserIdInt int userId) {
-        final Context asUserContext = mock(Context.class, AdditionalAnswers.delegatesTo(mContext));
-        doReturn(UserHandle.of(userId)).when(asUserContext).getUser();
-        when(mContext.createContextAsUser(eq(UserHandle.of(userId)), anyInt()))
-                .thenReturn(asUserContext);
-        final TestLooper testLooper = new TestLooper();
-        final Vpn vpn = new Vpn(testLooper.getLooper(), mContext, mTestDeps, mNetService,
-                mNetd, userId, mVpnProfileStore, mSystemServices, mIkev2SessionCreator);
-        verify(mConnectivityManager, times(1)).registerNetworkProvider(argThat(
-                provider -> provider.getName().contains("VpnNetworkProvider")
-        ));
-        return vpn;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Populate {@link #mUserManager} with a list of fake users.
-     */
-    private void setMockedUsers(UserInfo... users) {
-        final Map<Integer, UserInfo> userMap = new ArrayMap<>();
-        for (UserInfo user : users) {
-            userMap.put(user.id, user);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * @see UserManagerService#getUsers(boolean)
-         */
-        doAnswer(invocation -> {
-            final ArrayList<UserInfo> result = new ArrayList<>(users.length);
-            for (UserInfo ui : users) {
-                if (ui.isEnabled() && !ui.partial) {
-                    result.add(ui);
-                }
-            }
-            return result;
-        }).when(mUserManager).getAliveUsers();
-
-        doAnswer(invocation -> {
-            final int id = (int) invocation.getArguments()[0];
-            return userMap.get(id);
-        }).when(mUserManager).getUserInfo(anyInt());
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Populate {@link #mPackageManager} with a fake packageName-to-UID mapping.
-     */
-    private void setMockedPackages(final Map<String, Integer> packages) {
-        try {
-            doAnswer(invocation -> {
-                final String appName = (String) invocation.getArguments()[0];
-                final int userId = (int) invocation.getArguments()[1];
-                Integer appId = packages.get(appName);
-                if (appId == null) throw new PackageManager.NameNotFoundException(appName);
-                return UserHandle.getUid(userId, appId);
-            }).when(mPackageManager).getPackageUidAsUser(anyString(), anyInt());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-        }
-    }
-}