diff --git a/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz
index d69ef64..7829d65 100644
--- a/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz
index 919d28e..e714019 100644
--- a/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz
index f5cce9d..6a4bd44 100644
--- a/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz
index d28ef48..839f3ef 100644
--- a/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz
index b656f88..5595c75 100644
--- a/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz
index 8aa40e9..69c39d5 100644
--- a/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz
index 53b8607..0a48b6d 100644
--- a/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz
index 2720116..eefbfe5 100644
--- a/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz
index 1d988d6..1a18320 100644
--- a/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz
index 7694a2a..864f676 100644
--- a/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz
index 3b84cd7..dfb1752 100644
--- a/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz
index 316a5af..029722d 100644
--- a/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz
index b036ac2..41e1c28 100644
--- a/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz
index b6e0d42..b699912 100644
--- a/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz
index 48ab0f4..89c2388 100644
--- a/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz
index bf02298..2b53f69 100644
--- a/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz
index 221ea75..2d22447 100644
--- a/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz
index 6a041d9..1504165 100644
--- a/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz
index 41a576b..55e1bb1 100644
--- a/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz
index dec6ae8..8488a08 100644
--- a/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz
index 0471772..6342520 100644
--- a/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz
index fae79ca..0251778 100644
--- a/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz
+++ b/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz
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diff --git a/java/res/drawable-hdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png b/java/res/drawable-hdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
index 87211a5..fa2cb85 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-hdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-hdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
index c1e16a6..8a6336a 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
index 26d0684..edf1379 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-hdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
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diff --git a/java/res/drawable-mdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png b/java/res/drawable-mdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
index f98653e..8e9a349 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-mdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-mdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
index 16be37d..0795fcc 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
index 95d718a..f76da57 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-mdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png b/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
index 738316d..a2f6ac0 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
index 944a852..b2bb9b8 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
index 2016caf..23e75bf 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-xhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png b/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
index b35c29f..17f0a7a 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/btn_keyboard_key_dark_active_holo.9.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
index 6809f07..f04cadf 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png b/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
index 6bd506a..e74d523 100644
--- a/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
+++ b/java/res/drawable-xxhdpi/sym_keyboard_voice_off_holo_dark.png
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/raw/main_de.dict b/java/res/raw/main_de.dict
index 5d35e64..69796bb 100644
--- a/java/res/raw/main_de.dict
+++ b/java/res/raw/main_de.dict
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/raw/main_en.dict b/java/res/raw/main_en.dict
index 6564d47..bef6b10 100644
--- a/java/res/raw/main_en.dict
+++ b/java/res/raw/main_en.dict
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/raw/main_es.dict b/java/res/raw/main_es.dict
index f5906c2..261ab8c 100644
--- a/java/res/raw/main_es.dict
+++ b/java/res/raw/main_es.dict
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/raw/main_fr.dict b/java/res/raw/main_fr.dict
index 10adad0..18f5298 100644
--- a/java/res/raw/main_fr.dict
+++ b/java/res/raw/main_fr.dict
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/raw/main_it.dict b/java/res/raw/main_it.dict
index 523f645..e161c24 100644
--- a/java/res/raw/main_it.dict
+++ b/java/res/raw/main_it.dict
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/raw/main_pt_br.dict b/java/res/raw/main_pt_br.dict
index f9ae9b5..21bbe7c 100644
--- a/java/res/raw/main_pt_br.dict
+++ b/java/res/raw/main_pt_br.dict
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/res/values-af/strings.xml b/java/res/values-af/strings.xml
index 01a57e7..a3c95b2 100644
--- a/java/res/values-af/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-af/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Koppel \'n kopstuk om te hoor hoe wagwoordsleutels hardop gesê word."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Huidige teks is %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Geen teks ingevoer nie"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Sleutelkode %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift aan (tik om te deaktiveer)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-am/strings.xml b/java/res/values-am/strings.xml
index 9d29937..89e37b2 100644
--- a/java/res/values-am/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-am/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"የይለፍቃል ቁልፎች ጮክ በለው ሲነገሩ ለመስማት የጆሮ ማዳመጫ ሰካ::"</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"የአሁኑ ፅሁፍ %s ነው"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"ምንም ፅሁፍ አልገባም"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"የቁልፍ ኮድ%d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"ቀይር"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"ቅያር በርቷል (ለማሰናክል ንካ)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ar/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ar/strings.xml
index 7e39b59..9c3ff51 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ar/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ar/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"يمكنك توصيل سماعة رأس لسماع مفاتيح كلمة المرور منطوقة بصوت عالٍ."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"النص الحالي هو %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"لم يتم إدخال نص"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"رمز المفتاح %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"العالي"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift يعمل (انقر للتعطيل)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-be/strings.xml b/java/res/values-be/strings.xml
index db40c8a..9e591de 100644
--- a/java/res/values-be/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-be/strings.xml
@@ -87,6 +87,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Каб праслухаць паролi, падключыце гарнiтуру."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Бягучы тэкст %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Тэкст не ўведзены"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Клавішны код %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Зрух"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift уключаны (націснiце, каб адключыць)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-bg/strings.xml b/java/res/values-bg/strings.xml
index d3879cc..c21b534 100644
--- a/java/res/values-bg/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-bg/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Включете слушалки, за да чуете клавишите за паролата на висок глас."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Текущият текст е %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Няма въведен текст"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Код на клавишa %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"„Shift“ е включен (докоснете за деактивиране)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ca/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ca/strings.xml
index 03e2f3f..d791452 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ca/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ca/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Connecta un auricular per escoltar les claus de la contrasenya en veu alta."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"El text actual és %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"No s\'ha introduït cap text"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Clau de codi %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Maj"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Maj activat (pica per desactivar)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-cs/strings.xml b/java/res/values-cs/strings.xml
index a707f26..2cd159d 100644
--- a/java/res/values-cs/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-cs/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Chcete-li slyšet, které klávesy jste při zadávání hesla stiskli, připojte sluchátka."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Aktuální text je %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Není zadán žádný text"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Kód klávesy %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Klávesa Shift je zapnutá (vypnete ji klepnutím)."</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-da/strings.xml b/java/res/values-da/strings.xml
index 1876895..6c9d9d7 100644
--- a/java/res/values-da/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-da/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Tilslut et headset for at høre indtastningen blive læst højt ved angivelse af adgangskode."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Nuværende tekst er %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Der er ingen indtastet tekst"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Tastekode %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift-tast"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Skift er slået til (tryk for at deaktivere)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-de/strings.xml b/java/res/values-de/strings.xml
index 5f3e619..1a4e385 100644
--- a/java/res/values-de/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Schließen Sie ein Headset an, um das Passwort gesprochen zu hören."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Aktueller Text lautet %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Kein Text eingegeben"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Tastencode %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Umschalttaste"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Umschalttaste aktiviert (zum Deaktivieren berühren)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-el/strings.xml b/java/res/values-el/strings.xml
index 27eb865..c2ee2d3 100644
--- a/java/res/values-el/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-el/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Συνδέστε ένα σετ ακουστικών για να ακούσετε τα πλήκτρα του κωδικού πρόσβασης να εκφωνούνται δυνατά."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Το τρέχον κείμενο είναι %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Δεν υπάρχει κείμενο"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Κωδικός πλήκτρου %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Το Shift είναι ενεργοποιημένο (πατήστε για απενεργοποίηση)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml b/java/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
index a577d4f..0586bcc 100644
--- a/java/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-en-rGB/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Plug in a headset to hear password keys spoken aloud."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Current text is %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"No text entered"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Key code %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift on (tap to disable)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml b/java/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
index b1a4214..42c3932 100644
--- a/java/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-es-rUS/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Enchufa tus auriculares para escuchar en voz alta qué teclas presionas al ingresar una contraseña."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"El texto actual es %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"No se ingresó texto."</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Clave de código %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Mayús"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Se activó el modo Mayúscula (toca para desactivarlo)."</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-es/strings.xml b/java/res/values-es/strings.xml
index 9ff9430..4d72799 100644
--- a/java/res/values-es/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-es/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Conecta un auricular para escuchar las contraseñas en voz alta."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"El texto actual es %s."</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"No se ha introducido texto."</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Código del teclado: %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Mayús"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Mayúsculas activadas (tocar para inhabilitar)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-et-rEE/strings.xml b/java/res/values-et-rEE/strings.xml
index 62197d7..5706fa1 100644
--- a/java/res/values-et-rEE/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-et-rEE/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Ühendage peakomplekt, et kuulata paroole."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Praegune tekst on %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Teksti ei ole sisestatud"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Klahvi kood: %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Tõstuklahv"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Tõstuklahv sees (puudutage keelamiseks)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-fa/strings.xml b/java/res/values-fa/strings.xml
index 5d89516..c03e440 100644
--- a/java/res/values-fa/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-fa/strings.xml
@@ -86,6 +86,10 @@
     <!-- no translation found for spoken_current_text_is (2485723011272583845) -->
     <skip />
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"متنی وارد نشده است"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <!-- String.format failed for translation -->
     <!-- no translation found for spoken_description_unknown (3197434010402179157) -->
     <skip />
diff --git a/java/res/values-fi/strings.xml b/java/res/values-fi/strings.xml
index 4cdf621..744e604 100644
--- a/java/res/values-fi/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-fi/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Liitä kuulokkeet, niin kuulet mitä näppäimiä painat kirjoittaessasi salasanaa."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Nykyinen teksti on %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Ei kirjoitettua tekstiä"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Näppäimen koodi %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Vaihto"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Vaihto päällä (poista käytöstä napauttamalla)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-fr/strings.xml b/java/res/values-fr/strings.xml
index e096a1f..5fedd4e 100644
--- a/java/res/values-fr/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-fr/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Branchez des écouteurs pour entendre l\'énoncé à haute voix des touches lors de la saisie du mot de passe."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Le texte actuel est %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Aucun texte saisi"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Code touche %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Maj"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Touche Maj activée (appuyer pour désactiver)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-hi/strings.xml b/java/res/values-hi/strings.xml
index dcbbcd9..3b3228a 100644
--- a/java/res/values-hi/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-hi/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"ज़ोर से बोली गई पासवर्ड कुंजियां सुनने के लिए हेडसेट प्‍लग इन करें."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"वर्तमान पाठ %s है"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"कोई पाठ दर्ज नहीं किया गया"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"कुंजी कोड %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"शिफ़्ट"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift चालू (अक्षम करने के लिए टैप करें)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-hr/strings.xml b/java/res/values-hr/strings.xml
index 0dca64e..caef954 100644
--- a/java/res/values-hr/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-hr/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Priključite slušalice da biste čuli tipke zaporke izgovorene naglas."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Trenutačni tekst je %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nije unesen tekst"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Kôd tipke %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Uključena tipka Shift (dotaknite da onemogućite)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-hu/strings.xml b/java/res/values-hu/strings.xml
index 2abed74..3b0ee47 100644
--- a/java/res/values-hu/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-hu/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Csatlakoztasson egy headsetet, ha hallani szeretné a jelszót felolvasva."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"A jelenlegi szöveg: %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Szöveg nincs megadva"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Billentyűkód: %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift be van kapcsolva (érintse meg a kikapcsoláshoz)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-in/strings.xml b/java/res/values-in/strings.xml
index c73c26c..bfbd2a7 100644
--- a/java/res/values-in/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-in/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Pasang headset untuk mendengar tombol sandi yang diucapkan dengan keras."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Teks saat ini adalah %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Tidak ada teks yang dimasukkan"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Kode tombol %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift hidup (ketuk untuk mematikan)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-it/strings.xml b/java/res/values-it/strings.xml
index eb8e1e9..6989643 100644
--- a/java/res/values-it/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-it/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Collega gli auricolari per ascoltare la pronuncia dei tasti premuti per la password."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Il testo attuale è %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nessun testo inserito"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Codice tasto %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Maiuscolo"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Maiuscolo attivo (tocca per disattivare)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-iw/strings.xml b/java/res/values-iw/strings.xml
index e71bd31..b3ee014 100644
--- a/java/res/values-iw/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-iw/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"חבר אוזניות כדי לשמוע הקראה של מפתחות סיסמה."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"הטקסט הנוכחי הוא %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"לא הוזן טקסט"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"קוד מקש %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift פועל (הקש כדי להשבית)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ja/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ja/strings.xml
index 4d3f155..37f0637 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ja/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ja/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"パスワードのキーが音声出力されるのでヘッドセットを接続してください。"</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"現在のテキスト:%s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"テキストが入力されていません"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"キーコード:%d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift有効（タップして解除）"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ka-rGE/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ka-rGE/strings.xml
index 043c14c..193f511 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ka-rGE/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ka-rGE/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"შეაერთეთ ყურსაცვამი, რათა მოისმინოთ აკრეფილი პაროლის კლავიშების სახელები."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"მიმდინარე ტექსტი არის %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"ტექსტი არ შეყვანილა"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"კლავიატურის კოდი %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift ჩართულია (შეეხეთ გამოსართავად)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ko/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ko/strings.xml
index a74b4f1..1497812 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ko/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ko/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"비밀번호 키를 음성으로 들으려면 헤드셋을 연결하세요."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"입력한 텍스트: %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"입력한 텍스트 없음"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"키 코드 %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"시프트 키"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift 사용(사용하지 않으려면 탭하세요.)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-land/dimens.xml b/java/res/values-land/dimens.xml
index 42a746b..b874d48 100644
--- a/java/res/values-land/dimens.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-land/dimens.xml
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
     <!-- Emoji keyboard -->
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_width">10%p</fraction>
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_row_height">50%p</fraction>
-    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">60%p</fraction>
+    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">54%p</fraction>
     <integer name="emoji_keyboard_max_key_count">20</integer>
 
 </resources>
diff --git a/java/res/values-lt/strings.xml b/java/res/values-lt/strings.xml
index 6110858..88328db 100644
--- a/java/res/values-lt/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-lt/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Prijunkite ausines, kad išgirstumėte sakomus slaptažodžio klavišus."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Dabartinis tekstas yra %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nėra įvesto teksto"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Klavišo kodas %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Antrojo lygio klavišas"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Įjungtas antrasis lygis (palieskite, kad išjungtumėte)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-lv/strings.xml b/java/res/values-lv/strings.xml
index ecd4e51..069c487 100644
--- a/java/res/values-lv/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-lv/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Pievienojiet austiņas, lai dzirdētu paroles rakstzīmes."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Pašreizējais teksts ir %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nav ievadīts teksts"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Taustiņu kods %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Pārslēgšanas taustiņš"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Pārslēgšanas taustiņš iespējots (pieskarieties, lai atspējotu)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-mn-rMN/strings.xml b/java/res/values-mn-rMN/strings.xml
index 92c2bef..3b039f1 100644
--- a/java/res/values-mn-rMN/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-mn-rMN/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Нууц үгний товчнуудыг чангаар уншихыг сонсохын тулд чихэвчээ залгана уу."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Одоогийн текст %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Текст оруулаагүй"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Товчийн код %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Сэлгэх"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Сэлгэхийг идэвхжүүлсэн (товшиж идэвхгүйжүүлнэ үү)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ms-rMY/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ms-rMY/strings.xml
index 49efdf1..ee241d6 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ms-rMY/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ms-rMY/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Pasangkan set kepala untuk mendengar kekunci kata laluan disebut dengan kuat."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Teks semasa adalah %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Tiada teks dimasukkan"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Kod kunci %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Kunci anjak dihidupkan (ketik untuk melumpuhkan)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-nb/strings.xml b/java/res/values-nb/strings.xml
index 9b30ea3..ae43d10 100644
--- a/java/res/values-nb/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-nb/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Koble til hodetelefoner for å høre opplesing av bokstavene i passordet."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Gjeldende tekst er %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Ingen tekst er skrevet inn"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Tastaturkode %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift er på (trykk for å deaktivere)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-nl/strings.xml b/java/res/values-nl/strings.xml
index c61b090..de20da4 100644
--- a/java/res/values-nl/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-nl/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Sluit een headset aan om wachtwoordtoetsen hardop te laten voorlezen."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Huidige tekst is %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Geen tekst ingevoerd"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Toetscode %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift aan (tik om uit te schakelen)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-pl/strings.xml b/java/res/values-pl/strings.xml
index 31eace5..3908375 100644
--- a/java/res/values-pl/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-pl/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Podłącz zestaw słuchawkowy, aby usłyszeć znaki hasła wypowiadane na głos."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Aktualny tekst: %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nie wprowadzono tekstu"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Kod klawisza: %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift włączony (kliknij, by wyłączyć)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml b/java/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
index cd89a77..4c81479 100644
--- a/java/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-pt-rPT/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Ligar auscultadores com microfone integrado para ouvir as teclas da palavra-passe."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"O texto atual é %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nenhum texto digitado"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Código da tecla %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift ativado (tocar para desativar)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-pt/strings.xml b/java/res/values-pt/strings.xml
index 820f577..ef533ae 100644
--- a/java/res/values-pt/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-pt/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Conecte um fone de ouvido para ouvir as chaves de senha em voz alta."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"O texto atual é %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nenhum texto digitado"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Código de tecla %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift ativado (toque para desativar)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-rm/strings.xml b/java/res/values-rm/strings.xml
index 1c509ad..c68d30c 100644
--- a/java/res/values-rm/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-rm/strings.xml
@@ -139,6 +139,10 @@
     <skip />
     <!-- no translation found for spoken_no_text_entered (7479685225597344496) -->
     <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <!-- no translation found for spoken_description_unknown (3197434010402179157) -->
     <skip />
     <!-- no translation found for spoken_description_shift (244197883292549308) -->
diff --git a/java/res/values-ro/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ro/strings.xml
index 3caff13..930b68b 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ro/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ro/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Conectaţi un set căşti-microfon pentru a auzi tastele apăsate când introduceţi parola."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Textul curent este %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nu a fost introdus text"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Tasta cu codul %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Tasta Shift este activată (apăsaţi pentru a o dezactiva)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-ru/strings.xml b/java/res/values-ru/strings.xml
index affe88f..8bfb011 100644
--- a/java/res/values-ru/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-ru/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Подключите гарнитуру, чтобы услышать пароль."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Введенный текст: %s."</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Текст не введен"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Код клавиши:%d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Клавиша верхнего регистра"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Верхний регистр включен (нажмите, чтобы отключить)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sk/strings.xml b/java/res/values-sk/strings.xml
index 85d64c6..5c25f28 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sk/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sk/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Ak si chcete pri zadávaní hesla vypočuť nahlas vyslovené klávesy, pripojte náhlavnú súpravu."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Aktuálny text je %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Nie je zadaný žiadny text"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Kód klávesu %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Kláves Shift je zapnutý (zakážete ho klepnutím)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sl/strings.xml b/java/res/values-sl/strings.xml
index 7648d73..dde01dd 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sl/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sl/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Priključite slušalke, če želite slišati izgovorjene tipke gesla."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Trenutno besedilo je %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Ni vnesenega besedila"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Koda tipke %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift je vklopljen (dotaknite se, da onemogočite)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sr/strings.xml b/java/res/values-sr/strings.xml
index db06bce..e7f6904 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sr/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sr/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Укључите слушалице да бисте чули наглас изговорене тастере за лозинку."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Тренутни текст је %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Текст није унет"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Кôд тастера %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift је укључен (додирните да бисте га онемогућили)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sv/strings.xml b/java/res/values-sv/strings.xml
index c663516..0fcca48 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sv/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sv/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Anslut hörlurar om du vill att lösenordet ska läsas upp."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Nuvarande text är %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Ingen text har angetts"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Nyckelkod %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Skift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Skift på (knacka lätt för att inaktivera)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sw/strings.xml b/java/res/values-sw/strings.xml
index 188bbca..fbf868f 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sw/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sw/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Chomeka plagi ya kifaa cha kichwa cha kusikiza ili kusikiliza msimbo wa nenosiri inayozungumwa kwa sauti ya juu."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Maandishi ya sasa ni %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Hakuna maandishi yaliyoingizwa"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Msimbo wa kitufe %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Badilisha"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift imewashwa (gonga ili kulemaza)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sw600dp-land/dimens.xml b/java/res/values-sw600dp-land/dimens.xml
index 730b7d8..d067265 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sw600dp-land/dimens.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sw600dp-land/dimens.xml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
     <!-- Emoji keyboard -->
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_width">10%p</fraction>
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_row_height">33%p</fraction>
-    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">95%p</fraction>
+    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">85%p</fraction>
     <integer name="emoji_keyboard_max_key_count">30</integer>
 
 </resources>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sw600dp/dimens.xml b/java/res/values-sw600dp/dimens.xml
index 2bcf2fa..591355d 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sw600dp/dimens.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sw600dp/dimens.xml
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     <!-- Emoji keyboard -->
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_width">12.5%p</fraction>
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_row_height">33%p</fraction>
-    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">85%p</fraction>
+    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">76%p</fraction>
     <integer name="emoji_keyboard_max_key_count">24</integer>
 
 </resources>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sw768dp-land/dimens.xml b/java/res/values-sw768dp-land/dimens.xml
index 1e2e1c6..664630b 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sw768dp-land/dimens.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sw768dp-land/dimens.xml
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
     <!-- Emoji keyboard -->
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_width">7.69%p</fraction>
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_row_height">33%p</fraction>
-    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">75%p</fraction>
+    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">68%p</fraction>
     <integer name="emoji_keyboard_max_key_count">39</integer>
 
 </resources>
diff --git a/java/res/values-sw768dp/dimens.xml b/java/res/values-sw768dp/dimens.xml
index f62a536..1fd933a 100644
--- a/java/res/values-sw768dp/dimens.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-sw768dp/dimens.xml
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@
     <!-- Emoji keyboard -->
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_width">10%p</fraction>
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_row_height">33%p</fraction>
-    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">85%p</fraction>
+    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">76%p</fraction>
     <integer name="emoji_keyboard_max_key_count">30</integer>
 
 </resources>
diff --git a/java/res/values-th/strings.xml b/java/res/values-th/strings.xml
index 632f39a..f84b32c 100644
--- a/java/res/values-th/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-th/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"เสียบชุดหูฟังเพื่อฟังเสียงเมื่อพิมพ์รหัสผ่าน"</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"ข้อความปัจจุบันคือ %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"ไม่มีข้อความ"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"รหัสคีย์ %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift เปิดอยู่ (แตะเพื่อปิดใช้งาน)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-tl/strings.xml b/java/res/values-tl/strings.xml
index 3ec962b..af1c68e 100644
--- a/java/res/values-tl/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-tl/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Mag-plug in ng headset upang marinig ang mga password key na binabanggit nang malakas."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Ang kasalukuyang teksto ay %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Walang tekstong inilagay"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Code ng key %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Naka-on ang shift (i-tap upang huwag paganahin)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-tr/strings.xml b/java/res/values-tr/strings.xml
index 4d0a617..4c8e1a8 100644
--- a/java/res/values-tr/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-tr/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Şifre tuşlarının sesli okunmasını dinlemek için mikrofonlu kulaklık takın."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Mevcut metin: %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Hiç metin girilmedi"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Tuş kodu: %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Üst Karakter"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Üst karakter açık (devre dışı bırakmak için hafifçe vurun)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-uk/strings.xml b/java/res/values-uk/strings.xml
index df62f32..287bcb3 100644
--- a/java/res/values-uk/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-uk/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Підключіть гарнітуру, щоб прослухати відтворені вголос символи пароля."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Поточний текст – %s."</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Текст не введено"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Код клавіші – %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Клавіша Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift увімкнено (швидко торкніться, щоб вимкнути)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-vi/strings.xml b/java/res/values-vi/strings.xml
index e08d1c6..8764df5 100644
--- a/java/res/values-vi/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-vi/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Cắm tai nghe để nghe mật khẩu."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Ký tự hiện tại là %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Không có ký tự nào được nhập"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Mã phím %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift đang bật (bấm để tắt)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml b/java/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
index 5980cbf..f7ceff4 100644
--- a/java/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-zh-rCN/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"需要插入耳机才能听到密码的按键声。"</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"当前文本为%s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"未输入文字"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"键码为 %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift 模式已启用（点按即可停用）"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml b/java/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
index b14a01a..b773ad2 100644
--- a/java/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-zh-rTW/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"連接耳機即可聽取系統朗讀密碼按鍵。"</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"目前文字為 %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"未輸入文字"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"按鍵代碼 %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift 鍵"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"Shift 鍵已開啟 (輕按即可停用)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values-zu/strings.xml b/java/res/values-zu/strings.xml
index 9ed88a0..8f722cc 100644
--- a/java/res/values-zu/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-zu/strings.xml
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     <string name="spoken_use_headphones" msgid="896961781287283493">"Plaka ku-headset ukuze uzwe okhiye bephasiwedi ezindlebeni zakho bezwakala kakhulu."</string>
     <string name="spoken_current_text_is" msgid="2485723011272583845">"Umbhalo wamanje ngu %s"</string>
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered" msgid="7479685225597344496">"Awukho umbhalo ofakiwe"</string>
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct (5381764628886369268) -->
+    <skip />
+    <!-- no translation found for spoken_auto_correct_obscured (1186884531440481089) -->
+    <skip />
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown" msgid="3197434010402179157">"Ikhodi yokhiye %d"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift" msgid="244197883292549308">"Shift"</string>
     <string name="spoken_description_shift_shifted" msgid="1681877323344195035">"U-Shift uvuliwe (thepha ukuwuvimbela)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values/dimens.xml b/java/res/values/dimens.xml
index 4e3b2f5..2d626db 100644
--- a/java/res/values/dimens.xml
+++ b/java/res/values/dimens.xml
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
     <!-- Emoji keyboard -->
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_width">14.2857%p</fraction>
     <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_row_height">33%p</fraction>
-    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">90%p</fraction>
+    <fraction name="emoji_keyboard_key_letter_size">81%p</fraction>
     <integer name="emoji_keyboard_max_key_count">21</integer>
     <dimen name="emoji_category_page_id_height">3dp</dimen>
 
diff --git a/java/res/values/strings.xml b/java/res/values/strings.xml
index 69da1e8..06f4b47 100644
--- a/java/res/values/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values/strings.xml
@@ -174,6 +174,11 @@
     <!-- Spoken description when there is no text entered -->
     <string name="spoken_no_text_entered">No text entered</string>
 
+    <!-- Spoken description to let the user know what auto-correction will be performed when a key is pressed. -->
+    <string name="spoken_auto_correct"><xliff:g id="key" example="Space">%1$s</xliff:g> corrects <xliff:g id="original">%2$s</xliff:g> to <xliff:g id="corrected">%3$s</xliff:g></string>
+    <!-- Spoken description used during obscured (e.g. password) entry to let the user know that auto-correction will be performed when a key is pressed. -->
+    <string name="spoken_auto_correct_obscured"><xliff:g id="key" example="Space">%1$s</xliff:g> has auto-correction</string>
+
     <!-- Spoken description for unknown keyboard keys. -->
     <string name="spoken_description_unknown">Key code %d</string>
     <!-- Spoken description for the "Shift" keyboard key when "Shift" is off. -->
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityEntityProvider.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityEntityProvider.java
index 7639432..c628c5b 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityEntityProvider.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityEntityProvider.java
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Key;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardView;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.Settings;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SettingsValues;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.CoordinateUtils;
 
@@ -285,9 +287,15 @@
     private String getKeyDescription(final Key key) {
         final EditorInfo editorInfo = mInputMethodService.getCurrentInputEditorInfo();
         final boolean shouldObscure = mAccessibilityUtils.shouldObscureInput(editorInfo);
-        final String keyDescription = mKeyCodeDescriptionMapper.getDescriptionForKey(
+        final SettingsValues currentSettings = Settings.getInstance().getCurrent();
+        final String keyCodeDescription = mKeyCodeDescriptionMapper.getDescriptionForKey(
                 mKeyboardView.getContext(), mKeyboardView.getKeyboard(), key, shouldObscure);
-        return keyDescription;
+        if (currentSettings.isWordSeparator(key.getCode())) {
+            return mAccessibilityUtils.getAutoCorrectionDescription(
+                    keyCodeDescription, shouldObscure);
+        } else {
+            return keyCodeDescription;
+        }
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityUtils.java
index 8929dc7..10fb9fe 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/AccessibilityUtils.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.support.v4.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEventCompat;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.view.MotionEvent;
 import android.view.View;
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.compat.SettingsSecureCompatUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.InputTypeUtils;
 
 public final class AccessibilityUtils {
@@ -48,6 +50,12 @@
     private AccessibilityManager mAccessibilityManager;
     private AudioManager mAudioManager;
 
+    /** The most recent auto-correction. */
+    private String mAutoCorrectionWord;
+
+    /** The most recent typed word for auto-correction. */
+    private String mTypedWord;
+
     /*
      * Setting this constant to {@code false} will disable all keyboard
      * accessibility code, regardless of whether Accessibility is turned on in
@@ -142,6 +150,51 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Sets the current auto-correction word and typed word. These may be used
+     * to provide the user with a spoken description of what auto-correction
+     * will occur when a key is typed.
+     *
+     * @param suggestedWords the list of suggested auto-correction words
+     * @param typedWord the currently typed word
+     */
+    public void setAutoCorrection(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords, final String typedWord) {
+        if (suggestedWords != null && suggestedWords.mWillAutoCorrect) {
+            mAutoCorrectionWord = suggestedWords.getWord(SuggestedWords.INDEX_OF_AUTO_CORRECTION);
+            mTypedWord = typedWord;
+        } else {
+            mAutoCorrectionWord = null;
+            mTypedWord = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Obtains a description for an auto-correction key, taking into account the
+     * currently typed word and auto-correction.
+     *
+     * @param keyCodeDescription spoken description of the key that will insert
+     *            an auto-correction
+     * @param shouldObscure whether the key should be obscured
+     * @return a description including a description of the auto-correction, if
+     *         needed
+     */
+    public String getAutoCorrectionDescription(
+            final String keyCodeDescription, final boolean shouldObscure) {
+        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mAutoCorrectionWord)) {
+            if (!TextUtils.equals(mAutoCorrectionWord, mTypedWord)) {
+                if (shouldObscure) {
+                    // This should never happen, but just in case...
+                    return mContext.getString(R.string.spoken_auto_correct_obscured,
+                            keyCodeDescription);
+                }
+                return mContext.getString(R.string.spoken_auto_correct, keyCodeDescription,
+                        mTypedWord, mAutoCorrectionWord);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return keyCodeDescription;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Sends the specified text to the {@link AccessibilityManager} to be
      * spoken.
      *
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/EmojiKeyboardView.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/EmojiKeyboardView.java
index 4e61eda..eb48d01 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/EmojiKeyboardView.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/EmojiKeyboardView.java
@@ -153,7 +153,9 @@
                 mCategoryNameToIdMap.put(sCategoryName[i], i);
             }
             addShownCategoryId(CATEGORY_ID_RECENTS);
-            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2) {
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2
+                    || android.os.Build.VERSION.CODENAME.equalsIgnoreCase("KeyLimePie")
+                    || android.os.Build.VERSION.CODENAME.equalsIgnoreCase("KitKat")) {
                 addShownCategoryId(CATEGORY_ID_PEOPLE);
                 addShownCategoryId(CATEGORY_ID_OBJECTS);
                 addShownCategoryId(CATEGORY_ID_NATURE);
@@ -716,12 +718,14 @@
 
             @Override
             public void run() {
+                int repeatCount = 1;
                 int timeCount = 0;
                 while (timeCount < MAX_REPEAT_COUNT_TIME && !mAborted) {
                     if (timeCount > mKeyRepeatStartTimeout) {
-                        pressDelete();
+                        pressDelete(repeatCount);
                     }
                     timeCount += mKeyRepeatInterval;
+                    ++repeatCount;
                     try {
                         Thread.sleep(mKeyRepeatInterval);
                     } catch (InterruptedException e) {
@@ -734,9 +738,9 @@
             }
         }
 
-        public void pressDelete() {
+        public void pressDelete(int repeatCount) {
             mKeyboardActionListener.onPressKey(
-                    Constants.CODE_DELETE, 0 /* repeatCount */, true /* isSinglePointer */);
+                    Constants.CODE_DELETE, repeatCount, true /* isSinglePointer */);
             mKeyboardActionListener.onCodeInput(
                     Constants.CODE_DELETE, NOT_A_COORDINATE, NOT_A_COORDINATE);
             mKeyboardActionListener.onReleaseKey(
@@ -752,7 +756,7 @@
             switch(event.getAction()) {
                 case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
                     v.setBackgroundColor(mDeleteKeyPressedBackgroundColor);
-                    pressDelete();
+                    pressDelete(0 /* repeatCount */);
                     startRepeat();
                     return true;
                 case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java
index cc1ffd1..74edd87 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
     }
 
     public boolean isShowingEmojiKeyboard() {
-        return mEmojiKeyboardView.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
+        return mEmojiKeyboardView != null && mEmojiKeyboardView.getVisibility() == View.VISIBLE;
     }
 
     public boolean isShowingMoreKeysPanel() {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java
index d4d0d87..ee4ac95 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java
@@ -346,6 +346,8 @@
     // true if this pointer is in a sliding key input from a modifier key,
     // so that further modifier keys should be ignored.
     boolean mIsInSlidingKeyInputFromModifier;
+    // if not a NOT_A_CODE, the key of this code is repeating
+    private int mCurrentRepeatingKeyCode = Constants.NOT_A_CODE;
 
     // true if a sliding key input is allowed.
     private boolean mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput;
@@ -937,9 +939,10 @@
         if (!sShouldHandleGesture) {
             return;
         }
-        // A gesture should start only from a non-modifier key.
+        // A gesture should start only from a non-modifier key. Note that the gesture detection is
+        // disabled when the key is repeating.
         mIsDetectingGesture = (mKeyboard != null) && mKeyboard.mId.isAlphabetKeyboard()
-                && key != null && !key.isModifier() && !key.isRepeatable();
+                && key != null && !key.isModifier();
         if (mIsDetectingGesture) {
             if (getActivePointerTrackerCount() == 1) {
                 sGestureFirstDownTime = eventTime;
@@ -1247,6 +1250,8 @@
         mIsDetectingGesture = false;
         final Key currentKey = mCurrentKey;
         mCurrentKey = null;
+        final int currentRepeatingKeyCode = mCurrentRepeatingKeyCode;
+        mCurrentRepeatingKeyCode = Constants.NOT_A_CODE;
         // Release the last pressed key.
         setReleasedKeyGraphics(currentKey);
 
@@ -1272,8 +1277,8 @@
         if (mIsTrackingForActionDisabled) {
             return;
         }
-        if (currentKey != null && currentKey.isRepeatable() && !isInSlidingKeyInput) {
-            // Repeatable key has been registered in {@link #onDownEventInternal(int,int,long)}.
+        if (currentKey != null && currentKey.isRepeatable()
+                && (currentKey.getCode() == currentRepeatingKeyCode) && !isInSlidingKeyInput) {
             return;
         }
         detectAndSendKey(currentKey, mKeyX, mKeyY, eventTime);
@@ -1412,7 +1417,6 @@
         if (!key.isRepeatable()) return;
         // Don't start key repeat when we are in sliding input mode.
         if (mIsInSlidingKeyInput) return;
-        detectAndSendKey(key, key.getX(), key.getY(), SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
         final int startRepeatCount = 1;
         mTimerProxy.startKeyRepeatTimer(this, startRepeatCount, sParams.mKeyRepeatStartTimeout);
     }
@@ -1420,8 +1424,11 @@
     public void onKeyRepeat(final int code, final int repeatCount) {
         final Key key = getKey();
         if (key == null || key.getCode() != code) {
+            mCurrentRepeatingKeyCode = Constants.NOT_A_CODE;
             return;
         }
+        mCurrentRepeatingKeyCode = code;
+        mIsDetectingGesture = false;
         final int nextRepeatCount = repeatCount + 1;
         mTimerProxy.startKeyRepeatTimer(this, nextRepeatCount, sParams.mKeyRepeatInterval);
         callListenerOnPressAndCheckKeyboardLayoutChange(key, repeatCount);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java
index b3491d8..9f9fdaa 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java
@@ -585,7 +585,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static boolean isSpaceCharacter(final int c) {
+    private static boolean isSpaceOrEnter(final int c) {
         return c == Constants.CODE_SPACE || c == Constants.CODE_ENTER;
     }
 
@@ -614,7 +614,12 @@
             }
             break;
         case SWITCH_STATE_SYMBOL_BEGIN:
-            if (!isSpaceCharacter(code) && (Constants.isLetterCode(code)
+            if (mIsEmojiMode) {
+                // When in the Emoji keyboard, we don't want to switch back to the main layout even
+                // after the user hits an emoji letter followed by an enter or a space.
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!isSpaceOrEnter(code) && (Constants.isLetterCode(code)
                     || code == Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT)) {
                 mSwitchState = SWITCH_STATE_SYMBOL;
             }
@@ -622,7 +627,7 @@
         case SWITCH_STATE_SYMBOL:
             // Switch back to alpha keyboard mode if user types one or more non-space/enter
             // characters followed by a space/enter.
-            if (isSpaceCharacter(code)) {
+            if (isSpaceOrEnter(code)) {
                 toggleAlphabetAndSymbols();
                 mPrevSymbolsKeyboardWasShifted = false;
             }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AbstractDictionaryWriter.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AbstractDictionaryWriter.java
index 845a9b9..4a0ce37 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AbstractDictionaryWriter.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AbstractDictionaryWriter.java
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 // TODO: Quit extending Dictionary after implementing dynamic binary dictionary.
 abstract public class AbstractDictionaryWriter extends Dictionary {
@@ -50,16 +51,16 @@
 
     abstract public void removeBigramWords(final String word0, final String word1);
 
-    abstract protected void writeDictionary(final DictEncoder dictEncoder)
-            throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException;
+    abstract protected void writeDictionary(final DictEncoder dictEncoder,
+            final Map<String, String> attributeMap) throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException;
 
-    public void write(final String fileName) {
+    public void write(final String fileName, final Map<String, String> attributeMap) {
         final String tempFileName = fileName + ".temp";
         final File file = new File(mContext.getFilesDir(), fileName);
         final File tempFile = new File(mContext.getFilesDir(), tempFileName);
         try {
             final DictEncoder dictEncoder = new Ver3DictEncoder(tempFile);
-            writeDictionary(dictEncoder);
+            writeDictionary(dictEncoder, attributeMap);
             tempFile.renameTo(file);
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "IO exception while writing file", e);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
index 61ccfcf..29c6c04 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * Implements a static, compacted, binary dictionary of standard words.
  */
+// TODO: All methods which should be locked need to have a suffix "Locked".
 public final class BinaryDictionary extends Dictionary {
     private static final String TAG = BinaryDictionary.class.getSimpleName();
 
@@ -46,6 +48,11 @@
     // TODO: Remove this heuristic.
     private static final int SPACE_COUNT_FOR_AUTO_COMMIT = 3;
 
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public static final String UNIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY = "UNIGRAM_COUNT";
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public static final String BIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY = "BIGRAM_COUNT";
+
     private long mNativeDict;
     private final Locale mLocale;
     private final long mDictSize;
@@ -103,10 +110,12 @@
         JniUtils.loadNativeLibrary();
     }
 
+    private static native boolean createEmptyDictFileNative(String filePath, long dictVersion,
+            String[] attributeKeyStringArray, String[] attributeValueStringArray);
     private static native long openNative(String sourceDir, long dictOffset, long dictSize,
             boolean isUpdatable);
     private static native void flushNative(long dict, String filePath);
-    private static native boolean needsToRunGCNative(long dict);
+    private static native boolean needsToRunGCNative(long dict, boolean mindsBlockByGC);
     private static native void flushWithGCNative(long dict, String filePath);
     private static native void closeNative(long dict);
     private static native int getProbabilityNative(long dict, int[] word);
@@ -125,6 +134,21 @@
     private static native void removeBigramWordsNative(long dict, int[] word0, int[] word1);
     private static native int calculateProbabilityNative(long dict, int unigramProbability,
             int bigramProbability);
+    private static native String getPropertyNative(long dict, String query);
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public static boolean createEmptyDictFile(final String filePath, final long dictVersion,
+            final Map<String, String> attributeMap) {
+        final String[] keyArray = new String[attributeMap.size()];
+        final String[] valueArray = new String[attributeMap.size()];
+        int index = 0;
+        for (final String key : attributeMap.keySet()) {
+            keyArray[index] = key;
+            valueArray[index] = attributeMap.get(key);
+            index++;
+        }
+        return createEmptyDictFileNative(filePath, dictVersion, keyArray, valueArray);
+    }
 
     // TODO: Move native dict into session
     private final void loadDictionary(final String path, final long startOffset,
@@ -246,7 +270,7 @@
     }
 
     private void runGCIfRequired() {
-        if (needsToRunGCNative(mNativeDict)) {
+        if (needsToRunGC(true /* mindsBlockByGC */)) {
             flushWithGC();
         }
     }
@@ -283,27 +307,34 @@
         removeBigramWordsNative(mNativeDict, codePoints0, codePoints1);
     }
 
-    public void flush() {
-        if (!isValidDictionary()) return;
-        flushNative(mNativeDict, mDictFilePath);
-        closeNative(mNativeDict);
+    private void reopen() {
+        close();
         final File dictFile = new File(mDictFilePath);
         mNativeDict = openNative(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(), 0 /* startOffset */,
                 dictFile.length(), true /* isUpdatable */);
     }
 
+    public void flush() {
+        if (!isValidDictionary()) return;
+        flushNative(mNativeDict, mDictFilePath);
+        reopen();
+    }
+
     public void flushWithGC() {
         if (!isValidDictionary()) return;
         flushWithGCNative(mNativeDict, mDictFilePath);
-        closeNative(mNativeDict);
-        final File dictFile = new File(mDictFilePath);
-        mNativeDict = openNative(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(), 0 /* startOffset */,
-                dictFile.length(), true /* isUpdatable */);
+        reopen();
     }
 
-    public boolean needsToRunGC() {
+    /**
+     * Checks whether GC is needed to run or not.
+     * @param mindsBlockByGC Whether to mind operations blocked by GC. We don't need to care about
+     * the blocking in some situations such as in idle time or just before closing.
+     * @return whether GC is needed to run or not.
+     */
+    public boolean needsToRunGC(final boolean mindsBlockByGC) {
         if (!isValidDictionary()) return false;
-        return needsToRunGCNative(mNativeDict);
+        return needsToRunGCNative(mNativeDict, mindsBlockByGC);
     }
 
     @UsedForTesting
@@ -312,6 +343,12 @@
         return calculateProbabilityNative(mNativeDict, unigramProbability, bigramProbability);
     }
 
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public String getPropertyForTests(String query) {
+        if (!isValidDictionary()) return "";
+        return getPropertyNative(mNativeDict, query);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public boolean shouldAutoCommit(final SuggestedWordInfo candidate) {
         // TODO: actually use the confidence rather than use this completely broken heuristic
@@ -338,21 +375,23 @@
                     traverseSession.close();
                 }
             }
+            mDicTraverseSessions.clear();
         }
-        closeInternal();
+        closeInternalLocked();
     }
 
-    private synchronized void closeInternal() {
+    private synchronized void closeInternalLocked() {
         if (mNativeDict != 0) {
             closeNative(mNativeDict);
             mNativeDict = 0;
         }
     }
 
+    // TODO: Manage BinaryDictionary instances without using WeakReference or something.
     @Override
     protected void finalize() throws Throwable {
         try {
-            closeInternal();
+            closeInternalLocked();
         } finally {
             super.finalize();
         }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFactory.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFactory.java
index 3721132..828e54f 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFactory.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFactory.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
         if (null == locale) {
             Log.e(TAG, "No locale defined for dictionary");
             return new DictionaryCollection(Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN,
-                    createBinaryDictionary(context, locale));
+                    createReadOnlyBinaryDictionary(context, locale));
         }
 
         final LinkedList<Dictionary> dictList = CollectionUtils.newLinkedList();
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@
                 BinaryDictionaryGetter.getDictionaryFiles(locale, context);
         if (null != assetFileList) {
             for (final AssetFileAddress f : assetFileList) {
-                final BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(f.mFilename,
-                        f.mOffset, f.mLength, useFullEditDistance, locale, Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN,
-                        false /* isUpdatable */);
-                if (binaryDictionary.isValidDictionary()) {
-                    dictList.add(binaryDictionary);
+                final ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary readOnlyBinaryDictionary =
+                        new ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary(f.mFilename, f.mOffset, f.mLength,
+                                useFullEditDistance, locale, Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN);
+                if (readOnlyBinaryDictionary.isValidDictionary()) {
+                    dictList.add(readOnlyBinaryDictionary);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Initializes a dictionary from a raw resource file
+     * Initializes a read-only binary dictionary from a raw resource file
      * @param context application context for reading resources
      * @param locale the locale to use for the resource
-     * @return an initialized instance of BinaryDictionary
+     * @return an initialized instance of ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary
      */
-    protected static BinaryDictionary createBinaryDictionary(final Context context,
+    protected static ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary createReadOnlyBinaryDictionary(final Context context,
             final Locale locale) {
         AssetFileDescriptor afd = null;
         try {
@@ -113,9 +113,8 @@
                 Log.e(TAG, "sourceDir is not a file: " + sourceDir);
                 return null;
             }
-            return new BinaryDictionary(sourceDir, afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getLength(),
-                    false /* useFullEditDistance */, locale, Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN,
-                    false /* isUpdatable */);
+            return new ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary(sourceDir, afd.getStartOffset(), afd.getLength(),
+                    false /* useFullEditDistance */, locale, Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN);
         } catch (android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Could not find the resource");
             return null;
@@ -142,10 +141,10 @@
         final DictionaryCollection dictionaryCollection =
                 new DictionaryCollection(Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN);
         for (final AssetFileAddress address : dictionaryList) {
-            final BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(address.mFilename,
-                    address.mOffset, address.mLength, useFullEditDistance, locale,
-                    Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN, false /* isUpdatable */);
-            dictionaryCollection.addDictionary(binaryDictionary);
+            final ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary readOnlyBinaryDictionary = new ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary(
+                    address.mFilename, address.mOffset, address.mLength, useFullEditDistance,
+                    locale, Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN);
+            dictionaryCollection.addDictionary(readOnlyBinaryDictionary);
         }
         return dictionaryCollection;
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryWriter.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryWriter.java
index 5a453dd..84abfa6 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryWriter.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryWriter.java
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
  * An in memory dictionary for memorizing entries and writing a binary dictionary.
@@ -84,8 +85,11 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected void writeDictionary(final DictEncoder dictEncoder)
-            throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+    protected void writeDictionary(final DictEncoder dictEncoder,
+            final Map<String, String> attributeMap) throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+        for (final Map.Entry<String, String> entry : attributeMap.entrySet()) {
+            mFusionDictionary.addOptionAttribute(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
+        }
         dictEncoder.writeDictionary(mFusionDictionary, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
     }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
index 0774ce2..2d1ca51 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -22,12 +22,7 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.DictEncoder;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.PtNodeArray;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.UnsupportedFormatException;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.Ver3DictEncoder;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.DynamicPersonalizationDictionaryWriter;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.AsyncResultHolder;
@@ -35,10 +30,11 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.PrioritizedSerialExecutor;
 
 import java.io.File;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 
 /**
@@ -68,18 +64,21 @@
      */
     protected static final int MAX_WORD_LENGTH = Constants.DICTIONARY_MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
 
-    private static final FormatSpec.FormatOptions FORMAT_OPTIONS =
-            new FormatSpec.FormatOptions(3 /* version */, true /* supportsDynamicUpdate */);
+    private static final int DICTIONARY_FORMAT_VERSION = 3;
+
+    private static final String SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE =
+            FormatSpec.FileHeader.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE;
 
     /**
-     * A static map of time recorders, each of which records the time of accesses to a single binary
-     * dictionary file. The key for this map is the filename and the value is the shared dictionary
-     * time recorder associated with that filename.
+     * A static map of update controllers, each of which records the time of accesses to a single
+     * binary dictionary file and tracks whether the file is regenerating. The key for this map is
+     * the filename and the value is the shared dictionary time recorder associated with that
+     * filename.
      */
-    private static volatile ConcurrentHashMap<String, DictionaryTimeRecorder>
-            sFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorderMap = CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap();
+    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, DictionaryUpdateController>
+            sFilenameDictionaryUpdateControllerMap = CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap();
 
-    private static volatile ConcurrentHashMap<String, PrioritizedSerialExecutor>
+    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, PrioritizedSerialExecutor>
             sFilenameExecutorMap = CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap();
 
     /** The application context. */
@@ -106,13 +105,13 @@
     private final boolean mIsUpdatable;
 
     // TODO: remove, once dynamic operations is serialized
-    /** Records access to the shared binary dictionary file across multiple instances. */
-    private final DictionaryTimeRecorder mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder;
+    /** Controls updating the shared binary dictionary file across multiple instances. */
+    private final DictionaryUpdateController mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController;
 
     // TODO: remove, once dynamic operations is serialized
-    /** Records access to the local binary dictionary for this instance. */
-    private final DictionaryTimeRecorder mPerInstanceDictionaryTimeRecorder =
-            new DictionaryTimeRecorder();
+    /** Controls updating the local binary dictionary for this instance. */
+    private final DictionaryUpdateController mPerInstanceDictionaryUpdateController =
+            new DictionaryUpdateController();
 
     /* A extension for a binary dictionary file. */
     public static final String DICT_FILE_EXTENSION = ".dict";
@@ -134,15 +133,15 @@
     protected abstract boolean hasContentChanged();
 
     /**
-     * Gets the dictionary time recorder for the given filename.
+     * Gets the dictionary update controller for the given filename.
      */
-    private static DictionaryTimeRecorder getDictionaryTimeRecorder(
+    private static DictionaryUpdateController getDictionaryUpdateController(
             String filename) {
-        DictionaryTimeRecorder recorder = sFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorderMap.get(filename);
+        DictionaryUpdateController recorder = sFilenameDictionaryUpdateControllerMap.get(filename);
         if (recorder == null) {
-            synchronized(sFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorderMap) {
-                recorder = new DictionaryTimeRecorder();
-                sFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorderMap.put(filename, recorder);
+            synchronized(sFilenameDictionaryUpdateControllerMap) {
+                recorder = new DictionaryUpdateController();
+                sFilenameDictionaryUpdateControllerMap.put(filename, recorder);
             }
         }
         return recorder;
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@
         mContext = context;
         mIsUpdatable = isUpdatable;
         mBinaryDictionary = null;
-        mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder = getDictionaryTimeRecorder(filename);
+        mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController = getDictionaryUpdateController(filename);
         // Currently, only dynamic personalization dictionary is updatable.
         mDictionaryWriter = getDictionaryWriter(context, dictType, isUpdatable);
     }
@@ -233,6 +232,14 @@
         });
     }
 
+    protected Map<String, String> getHeaderAttributeMap() {
+        HashMap<String, String> attributeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_ATTRIBUTE,
+                SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE);
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.DICTIONARY_ID_ATTRIBUTE, mFilename);
+        return attributeMap;
+    }
+
     protected void clear() {
         getExecutor(mFilename).execute(new Runnable() {
             @Override
@@ -240,17 +247,8 @@
                 if (ENABLE_BINARY_DICTIONARY_DYNAMIC_UPDATE && mDictionaryWriter == null) {
                     mBinaryDictionary.close();
                     final File file = new File(mContext.getFilesDir(), mFilename);
-                    final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new PtNodeArray(),
-                            new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String,String>(),
-                                    false, false));
-                    final DictEncoder dictEncoder = new Ver3DictEncoder(file);
-                    try {
-                        dictEncoder.writeDictionary(dict, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "Exception in creating new dictionary file.", e);
-                    } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "Exception in creating new dictionary file.", e);
-                    }
+                    BinaryDictionary.createEmptyDictFile(file.getAbsolutePath(),
+                            DICTIONARY_FORMAT_VERSION, getHeaderAttributeMap());
                 } else {
                     mDictionaryWriter.clear();
                 }
@@ -352,6 +350,9 @@
             final boolean blockOffensiveWords, final int[] additionalFeaturesOptions,
             final int sessionId) {
         reloadDictionaryIfRequired();
+        if (isRegenerating()) {
+            return null;
+        }
         final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
         final AsyncResultHolder<ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo>> holder =
                 new AsyncResultHolder<ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo>>();
@@ -412,6 +413,9 @@
     }
 
     protected boolean isValidWordInner(final String word) {
+        if (isRegenerating()) {
+            return false;
+        }
         final AsyncResultHolder<Boolean> holder = new AsyncResultHolder<Boolean>();
         getExecutor(mFilename).executePrioritized(new Runnable() {
             @Override
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@
      * dictionary exists, this method will generate one.
      */
     protected void loadDictionary() {
-        mPerInstanceDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateRequestTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
+        mPerInstanceDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateRequestTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
         reloadDictionaryIfRequired();
     }
 
@@ -448,8 +452,8 @@
     private void loadBinaryDictionary() {
         if (DEBUG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Loading binary dictionary: " + mFilename + " request="
-                    + mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateRequestTime + " update="
-                    + mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime);
+                    + mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateRequestTime + " update="
+                    + mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime);
         }
 
         final File file = new File(mContext.getFilesDir(), mFilename);
@@ -487,37 +491,28 @@
     private void writeBinaryDictionary() {
         if (DEBUG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Generating binary dictionary: " + mFilename + " request="
-                    + mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateRequestTime + " update="
-                    + mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime);
+                    + mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateRequestTime + " update="
+                    + mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime);
         }
         if (needsToReloadBeforeWriting()) {
             mDictionaryWriter.clear();
             loadDictionaryAsync();
-            mDictionaryWriter.write(mFilename);
+            mDictionaryWriter.write(mFilename, getHeaderAttributeMap());
         } else {
             if (ENABLE_BINARY_DICTIONARY_DYNAMIC_UPDATE) {
                 if (mBinaryDictionary == null || !mBinaryDictionary.isValidDictionary()) {
                     final File file = new File(mContext.getFilesDir(), mFilename);
-                    final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new PtNodeArray(),
-                            new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String,String>(),
-                                    false, false));
-                    final DictEncoder dictEncoder = new Ver3DictEncoder(file);
-                    try {
-                        dictEncoder.writeDictionary(dict, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
-                    } catch (IOException e) {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "Exception in creating new dictionary file.", e);
-                    } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-                        Log.e(TAG, "Exception in creating new dictionary file.", e);
-                    }
+                    BinaryDictionary.createEmptyDictFile(file.getAbsolutePath(),
+                            DICTIONARY_FORMAT_VERSION, getHeaderAttributeMap());
                 } else {
-                    if (mBinaryDictionary.needsToRunGC()) {
+                    if (mBinaryDictionary.needsToRunGC(false /* mindsBlockByGC */)) {
                         mBinaryDictionary.flushWithGC();
                     } else {
                         mBinaryDictionary.flush();
                     }
                 }
             } else {
-                mDictionaryWriter.write(mFilename);
+                mDictionaryWriter.write(mFilename, getHeaderAttributeMap());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -531,11 +526,11 @@
      */
     protected void setRequiresReload(final boolean requiresRebuild) {
         final long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
-        mPerInstanceDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateRequestTime = time;
-        mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateRequestTime = time;
+        mPerInstanceDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateRequestTime = time;
+        mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateRequestTime = time;
         if (DEBUG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Reload request: " + mFilename + ": request=" + time + " update="
-                    + mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime);
+                    + mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime);
         }
     }
 
@@ -544,14 +539,26 @@
      */
     public final void reloadDictionaryIfRequired() {
         if (!isReloadRequired()) return;
-        reloadDictionary();
+        if (setIsRegeneratingIfNotRegenerating()) {
+            reloadDictionary();
+        }
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns whether a dictionary reload is required.
      */
     private boolean isReloadRequired() {
-        return mBinaryDictionary == null || mPerInstanceDictionaryTimeRecorder.isOutOfDate();
+        return mBinaryDictionary == null || mPerInstanceDictionaryUpdateController.isOutOfDate();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isRegenerating() {
+        return mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mIsRegenerating.get();
+    }
+
+    // Returns whether the dictionary can be regenerated.
+    private boolean setIsRegeneratingIfNotRegenerating() {
+        return mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mIsRegenerating.compareAndSet(
+                false /* expect */ , true /* update */);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -564,39 +571,44 @@
         getExecutor(mFilename).execute(new Runnable() {
             @Override
             public void run() {
-                final long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
-                final boolean dictionaryFileExists = dictionaryFileExists();
-                if (mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.isOutOfDate() || !dictionaryFileExists) {
-                    // If the shared dictionary file does not exist or is out of date, the first
-                    // instance that acquires the lock will generate a new one.
-                    if (hasContentChanged() || !dictionaryFileExists) {
-                        // If the source content has changed or the dictionary does not exist,
-                        // rebuild the binary dictionary. Empty dictionaries are supported (in the
-                        // case where loadDictionaryAsync() adds nothing) in order to provide a
-                        // uniform framework.
-                        mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime = time;
+                try {
+                    final long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
+                    final boolean dictionaryFileExists = dictionaryFileExists();
+                    if (mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.isOutOfDate()
+                            || !dictionaryFileExists) {
+                        // If the shared dictionary file does not exist or is out of date, the
+                        // first instance that acquires the lock will generate a new one.
+                        if (hasContentChanged() || !dictionaryFileExists) {
+                            // If the source content has changed or the dictionary does not exist,
+                            // rebuild the binary dictionary. Empty dictionaries are supported (in
+                            // the case where loadDictionaryAsync() adds nothing) in order to
+                            // provide a uniform framework.
+                            mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime = time;
+                            writeBinaryDictionary();
+                            loadBinaryDictionary();
+                        } else {
+                            // If not, the reload request was unnecessary so revert
+                            // LastUpdateRequestTime to LastUpdateTime.
+                            mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateRequestTime =
+                                    mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime;
+                        }
+                    } else if (mBinaryDictionary == null ||
+                            mPerInstanceDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime
+                                    < mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime) {
+                        // Otherwise, if the local dictionary is older than the shared dictionary,
+                        // load the shared dictionary.
+                        loadBinaryDictionary();
+                    }
+                    if (mBinaryDictionary != null && !mBinaryDictionary.isValidDictionary()) {
+                        // Binary dictionary is not valid. Regenerate the dictionary file.
+                        mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime = time;
                         writeBinaryDictionary();
                         loadBinaryDictionary();
-                    } else {
-                        // If not, the reload request was unnecessary so revert
-                        // LastUpdateRequestTime to LastUpdateTime.
-                        mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateRequestTime =
-                                mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime;
                     }
-                } else if (mBinaryDictionary == null ||
-                        mPerInstanceDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime
-                                < mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime) {
-                    // Otherwise, if the local dictionary is older than the shared dictionary, load
-                    // the shared dictionary.
-                    loadBinaryDictionary();
+                    mPerInstanceDictionaryUpdateController.mLastUpdateTime = time;
+                } finally {
+                    mFilenameDictionaryUpdateController.mIsRegenerating.set(false);
                 }
-                if (mBinaryDictionary != null && !mBinaryDictionary.isValidDictionary()) {
-                    // Binary dictionary is not valid. Regenerate the dictionary file.
-                    mFilenameDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime = time;
-                    writeBinaryDictionary();
-                    loadBinaryDictionary();
-                }
-                mPerInstanceDictionaryTimeRecorder.mLastUpdateTime = time;
             }
         });
     }
@@ -636,59 +648,19 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Time recorder for tracking whether the dictionary is out of date.
+     * For tracking whether the dictionary is out of date and the dictionary is regenerating.
      * Can be shared across multiple dictionary instances that access the same filename.
      */
-    private static class DictionaryTimeRecorder {
-        private volatile long mLastUpdateTime = 0;
-        private volatile long mLastUpdateRequestTime = 0;
+    private static class DictionaryUpdateController {
+        public volatile long mLastUpdateTime = 0;
+        public volatile long mLastUpdateRequestTime = 0;
+        public volatile AtomicBoolean mIsRegenerating = new AtomicBoolean();
 
-        private boolean isOutOfDate() {
+        public boolean isOutOfDate() {
             return (mLastUpdateRequestTime > mLastUpdateTime);
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Dynamically adds a word unigram to the dictionary for testing with blocking-lock.
-     */
-    @UsedForTesting
-    protected void addWordDynamicallyForTests(final String word, final String shortcutTarget,
-            final int frequency, final boolean isNotAWord) {
-        getExecutor(mFilename).executePrioritized(new Runnable() {
-            @Override
-            public void run() {
-                addWordDynamically(word, shortcutTarget, frequency, isNotAWord);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Dynamically adds a word bigram in the dictionary for testing with blocking-lock.
-     */
-    @UsedForTesting
-    protected void addBigramDynamicallyForTests(final String word0, final String word1,
-            final int frequency, final boolean isValid) {
-        getExecutor(mFilename).executePrioritized(new Runnable() {
-            @Override
-            public void run() {
-                addBigramDynamically(word0, word1, frequency, isValid);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Dynamically remove a word bigram in the dictionary for testing with blocking-lock.
-     */
-    @UsedForTesting
-    protected void removeBigramDynamicallyForTests(final String word0, final String word1) {
-        getExecutor(mFilename).executePrioritized(new Runnable() {
-            @Override
-            public void run() {
-                removeBigramDynamically(word0, word1);
-            }
-        });
-    }
-
     // TODO: Implement native binary methods once the dynamic dictionary implementation is done.
     @UsedForTesting
     public boolean isInDictionaryForTests(final String word) {
@@ -701,7 +673,7 @@
                         holder.set(mBinaryDictionary.isValidWord(word));
                     } else {
                         holder.set(((DynamicPersonalizationDictionaryWriter) mDictionaryWriter)
-                                .isInDictionaryForTests(word));
+                                .isInBigramListForTests(word));
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputAttributes.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputAttributes.java
index 21b103e..8caf6f1 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputAttributes.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputAttributes.java
@@ -103,6 +103,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public boolean isTypeNull() {
+        return InputType.TYPE_NULL == mInputType;
+    }
+
     public boolean isSameInputType(final EditorInfo editorInfo) {
         return editorInfo.inputType == mInputType;
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java
index 270dc4c..96e16de 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationDictionarySessionRegister;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationHelper;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationPredictionDictionary;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.UserHistoryPredictionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.UserHistoryDictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.Settings;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SettingsActivity;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SettingsValues;
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
 
     private boolean mIsMainDictionaryAvailable;
     private UserBinaryDictionary mUserDictionary;
-    private UserHistoryPredictionDictionary mUserHistoryPredictionDictionary;
+    private UserHistoryDictionary mUserHistoryDictionary;
     private PersonalizationPredictionDictionary mPersonalizationPredictionDictionary;
     private PersonalizationDictionary mPersonalizationDictionary;
     private boolean mIsUserDictionaryAvailable;
@@ -623,9 +623,9 @@
 
         final SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
 
-        mUserHistoryPredictionDictionary = PersonalizationHelper
-                .getUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(this, localeStr, prefs);
-        newSuggest.setUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(mUserHistoryPredictionDictionary);
+        mUserHistoryDictionary = PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryDictionary(
+                this, localeStr, prefs);
+        newSuggest.setUserHistoryDictionary(mUserHistoryDictionary);
         mPersonalizationDictionary = PersonalizationHelper
                 .getPersonalizationDictionary(this, localeStr, prefs);
         newSuggest.setPersonalizationDictionary(mPersonalizationDictionary);
@@ -1521,7 +1521,7 @@
         mSubtypeState.switchSubtype(token, mRichImm);
     }
 
-    private void sendDownUpKeyEventForBackwardCompatibility(final int code) {
+    private void sendDownUpKeyEvent(final int code) {
         final long eventTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
         mConnection.sendKeyEvent(new KeyEvent(eventTime, eventTime,
                 KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN, code, 0, 0, KeyCharacterMap.VIRTUAL_KEYBOARD, 0,
@@ -1538,7 +1538,7 @@
         // TODO: Remove this special handling of digit letters.
         // For backward compatibility. See {@link InputMethodService#sendKeyChar(char)}.
         if (code >= '0' && code <= '9') {
-            sendDownUpKeyEventForBackwardCompatibility(code - '0' + KeyEvent.KEYCODE_0);
+            sendDownUpKeyEvent(code - '0' + KeyEvent.KEYCODE_0);
             return;
         }
 
@@ -1547,7 +1547,7 @@
             // a hardware keyboard event on pressing enter or delete. This is bad for many
             // reasons (there are race conditions with commits) but some applications are
             // relying on this behavior so we continue to support it for older apps.
-            sendDownUpKeyEventForBackwardCompatibility(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER);
+            sendDownUpKeyEvent(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_ENTER);
         } else {
             final String text = new String(new int[] { code }, 0, 1);
             mConnection.commitText(text, text.length());
@@ -2104,12 +2104,16 @@
                 }
                 final int lengthToDelete = Character.isSupplementaryCodePoint(
                         mConnection.getCodePointBeforeCursor()) ? 2 : 1;
-                if (mAppWorkAroundsUtils.isBeforeJellyBean()) {
-                    // Backward compatibility mode. Before Jelly bean, the keyboard would simulate
-                    // a hardware keyboard event on pressing enter or delete. This is bad for many
-                    // reasons (there are race conditions with commits) but some applications are
-                    // relying on this behavior so we continue to support it for older apps.
-                    sendDownUpKeyEventForBackwardCompatibility(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DEL);
+                if (mAppWorkAroundsUtils.isBeforeJellyBean() ||
+                        currentSettings.mInputAttributes.isTypeNull()) {
+                    // There are two possible reasons to send a key event: either the field has
+                    // type TYPE_NULL, in which case the keyboard should send events, or we are
+                    // running in backward compatibility mode. Before Jelly bean, the keyboard
+                    // would simulate a hardware keyboard event on pressing enter or delete. This
+                    // is bad for many reasons (there are race conditions with commits) but some
+                    // applications are relying on this behavior so we continue to support it for
+                    // older apps, so we retain this behavior if the app has target SDK < JellyBean.
+                    sendDownUpKeyEvent(KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DEL);
                 } else {
                     mConnection.deleteSurroundingText(lengthToDelete, 0);
                 }
@@ -2553,6 +2557,8 @@
     private void showSuggestionStripWithTypedWord(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
             final String typedWord) {
       if (suggestedWords.isEmpty()) {
+          // No auto-correction is available, clear the cached values.
+          AccessibilityUtils.getInstance().setAutoCorrection(null, null);
           clearSuggestionStrip();
           return;
       }
@@ -2561,6 +2567,9 @@
       setSuggestedWords(suggestedWords, isAutoCorrection);
       setAutoCorrectionIndicator(isAutoCorrection);
       setSuggestionStripShown(isSuggestionsStripVisible());
+      // An auto-correction is available, cache it in accessibility code so
+      // we can be speak it if the user touches a key that will insert it.
+      AccessibilityUtils.getInstance().setAutoCorrection(suggestedWords, typedWord);
     }
 
     private void showSuggestionStrip(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords) {
@@ -2746,9 +2755,8 @@
         final SettingsValues currentSettings = mSettings.getCurrent();
         if (!currentSettings.mCorrectionEnabled) return null;
 
-        final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary userHistoryPredictionDictionary =
-                mUserHistoryPredictionDictionary;
-        if (userHistoryPredictionDictionary == null) return null;
+        final UserHistoryDictionary userHistoryDictionary = mUserHistoryDictionary;
+        if (userHistoryDictionary == null) return null;
 
         final String prevWord = mConnection.getNthPreviousWord(currentSettings.mWordSeparators, 2);
         final String secondWord;
@@ -2762,8 +2770,7 @@
         final int maxFreq = AutoCorrectionUtils.getMaxFrequency(
                 suggest.getUnigramDictionaries(), suggestion);
         if (maxFreq == 0) return null;
-        userHistoryPredictionDictionary
-                .addToPersonalizationPredictionDictionary(prevWord, secondWord, maxFreq > 0);
+        userHistoryDictionary.addToDictionary(prevWord, secondWord, maxFreq > 0);
         return prevWord;
     }
 
@@ -2949,7 +2956,7 @@
         }
         mConnection.deleteSurroundingText(deleteLength, 0);
         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(previousWord) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(committedWord)) {
-            mUserHistoryPredictionDictionary.cancelAddingUserHistory(previousWord, committedWord);
+            mUserHistoryDictionary.cancelAddingUserHistory(previousWord, committedWord);
         }
         final String stringToCommit = originallyTypedWord + mLastComposedWord.mSeparatorString;
         if (mSettings.getCurrent().mCurrentLanguageHasSpaces) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68505ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
+
+/**
+ * This class provides binary dictionary reading operations with locking. An instance of this class
+ * can be used by multiple threads. Note that different session IDs must be used when multiple
+ * threads get suggestions using this class.
+ */
+public final class ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary extends Dictionary {
+    /**
+     * A lock for accessing binary dictionary. Only closing binary dictionary is the operation
+     * that change the state of dictionary.
+     */
+    private final ReentrantReadWriteLock mLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
+
+    private final BinaryDictionary mBinaryDictionary;
+
+    public ReadOnlyBinaryDictionary(final String filename, final long offset, final long length,
+            final boolean useFullEditDistance, final Locale locale, final String dictType) {
+        super(dictType);
+        mBinaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(filename, offset, length, useFullEditDistance,
+                locale, dictType, false /* isUpdatable */);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isValidDictionary() {
+        return mBinaryDictionary.isValidDictionary();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo,
+            final boolean blockOffensiveWords, final int[] additionalFeaturesOptions) {
+        return getSuggestionsWithSessionId(composer, prevWord, proximityInfo, blockOffensiveWords,
+                additionalFeaturesOptions, 0 /* sessionId */);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestionsWithSessionId(final WordComposer composer,
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo,
+            final boolean blockOffensiveWords, final int[] additionalFeaturesOptions,
+            final int sessionId) {
+        if (mLock.readLock().tryLock()) {
+            try {
+                return mBinaryDictionary.getSuggestions(composer, prevWord, proximityInfo,
+                        blockOffensiveWords, additionalFeaturesOptions);
+            } finally {
+                mLock.readLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
+        if (mLock.readLock().tryLock()) {
+            try {
+                return mBinaryDictionary.isValidWord(word);
+            } finally {
+                mLock.readLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean shouldAutoCommit(final SuggestedWordInfo candidate) {
+        if (mLock.readLock().tryLock()) {
+            try {
+                return mBinaryDictionary.shouldAutoCommit(candidate);
+            } finally {
+                mLock.readLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getFrequency(final String word) {
+        if (mLock.readLock().tryLock()) {
+            try {
+                return mBinaryDictionary.getFrequency(word);
+            } finally {
+                mLock.readLock().unlock();
+            }
+        }
+        return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void close() {
+        mLock.writeLock().lock();
+        try {
+            mBinaryDictionary.close();
+        } finally {
+            mLock.writeLock().unlock();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java
index 925381b..8580a6e 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SettingsValues;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.CapsModeUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.DebugLogUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.SpannableStringUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.StringUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.TextRange;
 import com.android.inputmethod.research.ResearchLogger;
@@ -610,8 +611,9 @@
         // We don't use TextUtils#concat because it copies all spans without respect to their
         // nature. If the text includes a PARAGRAPH span and it has been split, then
         // TextUtils#concat will crash when it tries to concat both sides of it.
-        return new TextRange(StringUtils.concatWithNonParagraphSuggestionSpansOnly(before, after),
-                startIndexInBefore, before.length() + endIndexInAfter, before.length());
+        return new TextRange(
+                SpannableStringUtils.concatWithNonParagraphSuggestionSpansOnly(before, after),
+                        startIndexInBefore, before.length() + endIndexInAfter, before.length());
     }
 
     public boolean isCursorTouchingWord(final SettingsValues settingsValues) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java
index 6c18c94..9fd1f53 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationDictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationPredictionDictionary;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.UserHistoryPredictionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.UserHistoryDictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.Settings;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.AutoCorrectionUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.BoundedTreeSet;
@@ -190,10 +190,8 @@
         addOrReplaceDictionaryInternal(Dictionary.TYPE_CONTACTS, contactsDictionary);
     }
 
-    public void setUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(
-            final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary userHistoryPredictionDictionary) {
-        addOrReplaceDictionaryInternal(Dictionary.TYPE_USER_HISTORY,
-                userHistoryPredictionDictionary);
+    public void setUserHistoryDictionary(final UserHistoryDictionary userHistoryDictionary) {
+        addOrReplaceDictionaryInternal(Dictionary.TYPE_USER_HISTORY, userHistoryDictionary);
     }
 
     public void setPersonalizationPredictionDictionary(
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictEncoderUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictEncoderUtils.java
index 4dba8e5..af61f29 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictEncoderUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictEncoderUtils.java
@@ -225,6 +225,26 @@
         return position;
     }
 
+    static void writeUIntToStream(final OutputStream stream, final int value, final int size)
+            throws IOException {
+        switch(size) {
+            case 4:
+                stream.write((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
+                /* fall through */
+            case 3:
+                stream.write((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
+                /* fall through */
+            case 2:
+                stream.write((value >> 8) & 0xFF);
+                /* fall through */
+            case 1:
+                stream.write(value & 0xFF);
+                break;
+            default:
+                /* nop */
+        }
+    }
+
     // End utility methods
 
     // This method is responsible for finding a nice ordering of the nodes that favors run-time
@@ -365,12 +385,14 @@
                         nodeSize + size, ptNode.mChildren));
             }
             nodeSize += getShortcutListSize(ptNode.mShortcutTargets);
-            if (null != ptNode.mBigrams) {
-                for (WeightedString bigram : ptNode.mBigrams) {
-                    final int offset = getOffsetToTargetPtNodeDuringUpdate(ptNodeArray,
-                            nodeSize + size + FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_FLAGS_SIZE,
-                            FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict.mRootNodeArray, bigram.mWord));
-                    nodeSize += getByteSize(offset) + FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_FLAGS_SIZE;
+            if (formatOptions.mVersion < FormatSpec.FIRST_VERSION_WITH_TERMINAL_ID) {
+                if (null != ptNode.mBigrams) {
+                    for (WeightedString bigram : ptNode.mBigrams) {
+                        final int offset = getOffsetToTargetPtNodeDuringUpdate(ptNodeArray,
+                                nodeSize + size + FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_FLAGS_SIZE,
+                                FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict.mRootNodeArray, bigram.mWord));
+                        nodeSize += getByteSize(offset) + FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_FLAGS_SIZE;
+                    }
                 }
             }
             ptNode.mCachedSize = nodeSize;
@@ -882,8 +904,9 @@
      * @param destination the stream to write the file header to.
      * @param dict the dictionary to write.
      * @param formatOptions file format options.
+     * @return the size of the header.
      */
-    /* package */ static void writeDictionaryHeader(final OutputStream destination,
+    /* package */ static int writeDictionaryHeader(final OutputStream destination,
             final FusionDictionary dict, final FormatOptions formatOptions)
                     throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
         final int version = formatOptions.mVersion;
@@ -932,5 +955,6 @@
         destination.write(bytes);
 
         headerBuffer.close();
+        return size;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/DynamicBinaryDictIOUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/DynamicBinaryDictIOUtils.java
index bf3d191..411e265 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/DynamicBinaryDictIOUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/DynamicBinaryDictIOUtils.java
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
      * @param newParentAddress the absolute address of the parent.
      * @param formatOptions file format options.
      */
-    public static void updateParentAddress(final DictBuffer dictBuffer,
+    private static void updateParentAddress(final DictBuffer dictBuffer,
             final int ptNodeOriginAddress, final int newParentAddress,
             final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
         final int originalPosition = dictBuffer.position();
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
      * @param newParentAddress the address to be written.
      * @param formatOptions file format options.
      */
-    public static void updateParentAddresses(final DictBuffer dictBuffer,
+    private static void updateParentAddresses(final DictBuffer dictBuffer,
             final int ptNodeOriginAddress, final int newParentAddress,
             final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
         final int originalPosition = dictBuffer.position();
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
      * @param newChildrenAddress the absolute address of the child.
      * @param formatOptions file format options.
      */
-    public static void updateChildrenAddress(final DictBuffer dictBuffer,
+    private static void updateChildrenAddress(final DictBuffer dictBuffer,
             final int ptNodeOriginAddress, final int newChildrenAddress,
             final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
         final int originalPosition = dictBuffer.position();
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java
index 51b89a0..9481a8c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java
@@ -263,7 +263,14 @@
     // These values are used only by version 4 or later.
     static final String TRIE_FILE_EXTENSION = ".trie";
     static final String FREQ_FILE_EXTENSION = ".freq";
+    // tat = Terminal Address Table
+    static final String TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION = ".tat";
+    static final String BIGRAM_FILE_EXTENSION = ".bigram";
+    static final String BIGRAM_LOOKUP_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION = ".bigram_lookup";
+    static final String BIGRAM_ADDRESS_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION = ".bigram_index";
     static final int FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE = 2;
+    static final int TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_ADDRESS_SIZE = 3;
+    static final int BIGRAM_ADDRESS_TABLE_BLOCK_SIZE = 4;
 
     static final int NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
     static final int NO_PARENT_ADDRESS = 0;
@@ -322,9 +329,15 @@
         public final int mHeaderSize;
         public final DictionaryOptions mDictionaryOptions;
         public final FormatOptions mFormatOptions;
-        private static final String DICTIONARY_VERSION_ATTRIBUTE = "version";
-        private static final String DICTIONARY_LOCALE_ATTRIBUTE = "locale";
-        private static final String DICTIONARY_ID_ATTRIBUTE = "dictionary";
+        // Note that these are corresponding definitions in native code in latinime::HeaderPolicy
+        // and latinime::HeaderReadWriteUtils.
+        public static final String SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_ATTRIBUTE = "SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE";
+        public static final String USES_FORGETTING_CURVE_ATTRIBUTE = "USES_FORGETTING_CURVE";
+        public static final String ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE = "1";
+
+        public static final String DICTIONARY_VERSION_ATTRIBUTE = "version";
+        public static final String DICTIONARY_LOCALE_ATTRIBUTE = "locale";
+        public static final String DICTIONARY_ID_ATTRIBUTE = "dictionary";
         private static final String DICTIONARY_DESCRIPTION_ATTRIBUTE = "description";
         public FileHeader(final int headerSize, final DictionaryOptions dictionaryOptions,
                 final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/SparseTable.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/SparseTable.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d057a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/SparseTable.java
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+
+/**
+ * SparseTable is an extensible map from integer to integer.
+ * This holds one value for every mBlockSize keys, so it uses 1/mBlockSize'th of the full index
+ * memory.
+ */
+@UsedForTesting
+public class SparseTable {
+
+    /**
+     * mLookupTable is indexed by terminal ID, containing exactly one entry for every mBlockSize
+     * terminals.
+     * It contains at index i = j / mBlockSize the index in mContentsTable where the values for
+     * terminals with IDs j to j + mBlockSize - 1 are stored as an mBlockSize-sized integer array.
+     */
+    private final ArrayList<Integer> mLookupTable;
+    private final ArrayList<Integer> mContentTable;
+
+    private final int mBlockSize;
+    public static final int NOT_EXIST = -1;
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public SparseTable(final int initialCapacity, final int blockSize) {
+        mBlockSize = blockSize;
+        final int lookupTableSize = initialCapacity / mBlockSize
+                + (initialCapacity % mBlockSize > 0 ? 1 : 0);
+        mLookupTable = new ArrayList<Integer>(Collections.nCopies(lookupTableSize, NOT_EXIST));
+        mContentTable = new ArrayList<Integer>();
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public SparseTable(final int[] lookupTable, final int[] contentTable, final int blockSize) {
+        mBlockSize = blockSize;
+        mLookupTable = new ArrayList<Integer>(lookupTable.length);
+        for (int i = 0; i < lookupTable.length; ++i) {
+            mLookupTable.add(lookupTable[i]);
+        }
+        mContentTable = new ArrayList<Integer>(contentTable.length);
+        for (int i = 0; i < contentTable.length; ++i) {
+            mContentTable.add(contentTable[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts an byte array to an int array considering each set of 4 bytes is an int stored in
+     * big-endian.
+     * The length of byteArray must be a multiple of four.
+     * Otherwise, IndexOutOfBoundsException will be raised.
+     */
+    @UsedForTesting
+    private static void convertByteArrayToIntegerArray(final byte[] byteArray,
+            final ArrayList<Integer> integerArray) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i += 4) {
+            int value = 0;
+            for (int j = i; j < i + 4; ++j) {
+                value <<= 8;
+                value |= byteArray[j] & 0xFF;
+             }
+            integerArray.add(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public SparseTable(final byte[] lookupTable, final byte[] contentTable, final int blockSize) {
+        mBlockSize = blockSize;
+        mLookupTable = new ArrayList<Integer>(lookupTable.length / 4);
+        mContentTable = new ArrayList<Integer>(contentTable.length / 4);
+        convertByteArrayToIntegerArray(lookupTable, mLookupTable);
+        convertByteArrayToIntegerArray(contentTable, mContentTable);
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public int get(final int index) {
+        if (index < 0 || index / mBlockSize >= mLookupTable.size()
+                || mLookupTable.get(index / mBlockSize) == NOT_EXIST) {
+            return NOT_EXIST;
+        }
+        return mContentTable.get(mLookupTable.get(index / mBlockSize) + (index % mBlockSize));
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public void set(final int index, final int value) {
+        if (mLookupTable.get(index / mBlockSize) == NOT_EXIST) {
+            mLookupTable.set(index / mBlockSize, mContentTable.size());
+            for (int i = 0; i < mBlockSize; ++i) {
+                mContentTable.add(NOT_EXIST);
+            }
+        }
+        mContentTable.set(mLookupTable.get(index / mBlockSize) + (index % mBlockSize), value);
+    }
+
+    public void remove(final int index) {
+        set(index, NOT_EXIST);
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public int size() {
+        return mLookupTable.size() * mBlockSize;
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    /* package */ int getContentTableSize() {
+        return mContentTable.size();
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    /* package */ int getLookupTableSize() {
+        return mLookupTable.size();
+    }
+
+    public boolean contains(final int index) {
+        return get(index) != NOT_EXIST;
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public void write(final OutputStream lookupOutStream, final OutputStream contentOutStream)
+            throws IOException {
+        for (final int index : mLookupTable) {
+          BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToStream(lookupOutStream, index, 4);
+        }
+
+        for (final int index : mContentTable) {
+            BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToStream(contentOutStream, index, 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public void writeToFiles(final File lookupTableFile, final File contentFile)
+            throws IOException {
+      FileOutputStream lookupTableOutStream = null;
+      FileOutputStream contentOutStream = null;
+        try {
+            lookupTableOutStream = new FileOutputStream(lookupTableFile);
+            contentOutStream = new FileOutputStream(contentFile);
+            write(lookupTableOutStream, contentOutStream);
+        } finally {
+            if (lookupTableOutStream != null) {
+                lookupTableOutStream.close();
+            }
+            if (contentOutStream != null) {
+                contentOutStream.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static byte[] readFileToByteArray(final File file) throws IOException {
+        final byte[] contents = new byte[(int) file.length()];
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            inStream.read(contents);
+        } finally {
+            if (inStream != null) {
+                inStream.close();
+            }
+        }
+        return contents;
+    }
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public static SparseTable readFromFiles(final File lookupTableFile, final File contentFile,
+            final int blockSize) throws IOException {
+        final byte[] lookupTable = readFileToByteArray(lookupTableFile);
+        final byte[] content = readFileToByteArray(contentFile);
+        return new SparseTable(lookupTable, content, blockSize);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictDecoder.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictDecoder.java
index 36c5a27..0aa4319 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictDecoder.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictDecoder.java
@@ -41,11 +41,16 @@
 
     private static final int FILETYPE_TRIE = 1;
     private static final int FILETYPE_FREQUENCY = 2;
+    private static final int FILETYPE_TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE = 3;
+    private static final int FILETYPE_BIGRAM = 4;
 
     private final File mDictDirectory;
     private final DictionaryBufferFactory mBufferFactory;
     private DictBuffer mDictBuffer;
     private DictBuffer mFrequencyBuffer;
+    private DictBuffer mTerminalAddressTableBuffer;
+    private DictBuffer mBigramBuffer;
+    private SparseTable mBigramAddressTable;
 
     @UsedForTesting
     /* package */ Ver4DictDecoder(final File dictDirectory, final int factoryFlag) {
@@ -77,6 +82,12 @@
         } else if (fileType == FILETYPE_FREQUENCY) {
             return new File(mDictDirectory,
                     mDictDirectory.getName() + FormatSpec.FREQ_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        } else if (fileType == FILETYPE_TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE) {
+            return new File(mDictDirectory,
+                    mDictDirectory.getName() + FormatSpec.TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        } else if (fileType == FILETYPE_BIGRAM) {
+            return new File(mDictDirectory,
+                    mDictDirectory.getName() + FormatSpec.BIGRAM_FILE_EXTENSION);
         } else {
             throw new RuntimeException("Unsupported kind of file : " + fileType);
         }
@@ -87,6 +98,10 @@
         final String filename = mDictDirectory.getName();
         mDictBuffer = mBufferFactory.getDictionaryBuffer(getFile(FILETYPE_TRIE));
         mFrequencyBuffer = mBufferFactory.getDictionaryBuffer(getFile(FILETYPE_FREQUENCY));
+        mTerminalAddressTableBuffer = mBufferFactory.getDictionaryBuffer(
+                getFile(FILETYPE_TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE));
+        mBigramBuffer = mBufferFactory.getDictionaryBuffer(getFile(FILETYPE_BIGRAM));
+        loadBigramAddressSparseTable();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -111,6 +126,15 @@
         return header;
     }
 
+    private void loadBigramAddressSparseTable() throws IOException {
+        final File lookupIndexFile = new File(mDictDirectory,
+                mDictDirectory.getName() + FormatSpec.BIGRAM_LOOKUP_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        final File contentFile = new File(mDictDirectory,
+                mDictDirectory.getName() + FormatSpec.BIGRAM_ADDRESS_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        mBigramAddressTable = SparseTable.readFromFiles(lookupIndexFile, contentFile,
+                FormatSpec.BIGRAM_ADDRESS_TABLE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    }
+
     protected static class PtNodeReader extends DictDecoder.PtNodeReader {
         protected static int readFrequency(final DictBuffer frequencyBuffer, final int terminalId) {
             frequencyBuffer.position(terminalId * FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE + 1);
@@ -184,8 +208,21 @@
         final ArrayList<PendingAttribute> bigrams;
         if (0 != (flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS)) {
             bigrams = new ArrayList<PendingAttribute>();
-            addressPointer += PtNodeReader.readBigramAddresses(mDictBuffer, bigrams,
-                    addressPointer);
+            final int posOfBigrams = mBigramAddressTable.get(terminalId);
+            mBigramBuffer.position(posOfBigrams);
+            while (bigrams.size() < FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_PTNODE) {
+                // If bigrams.size() reaches FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_PTNODE,
+                // remaining bigram entries are ignored.
+                final int bigramFlags = mBigramBuffer.readUnsignedByte();
+                final int targetTerminalId = mBigramBuffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+                mTerminalAddressTableBuffer.position(
+                        targetTerminalId * FormatSpec.TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+                final int targetAddress = mTerminalAddressTableBuffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+                bigrams.add(new PendingAttribute(
+                        bigramFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_BIGRAM_SHORTCUT_ATTR_FREQUENCY,
+                        targetAddress));
+                if (0 == (bigramFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_BIGRAM_SHORTCUT_ATTR_HAS_NEXT)) break;
+            }
             if (bigrams.size() >= FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_PTNODE) {
                 MakedictLog.d("too many bigrams in a node.");
             }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictEncoder.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictEncoder.java
index 75b75ae..4c25faf 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictEncoder.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/Ver4DictEncoder.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.PtNodeArray;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
 
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
@@ -41,10 +42,15 @@
 public class Ver4DictEncoder implements DictEncoder {
     private final File mDictPlacedDir;
     private byte[] mTrieBuf;
-    private byte[] mFreqBuf;
     private int mTriePos;
+    private int mHeaderSize;
+    private SparseTable mBigramAddressTable;
     private OutputStream mTrieOutStream;
     private OutputStream mFreqOutStream;
+    private OutputStream mTerminalAddressTableOutStream;
+    private OutputStream mBigramOutStream;
+    private File mDictDir;
+    private String mBaseFilename;
 
     @UsedForTesting
     public Ver4DictEncoder(final File dictPlacedDir) {
@@ -54,18 +60,25 @@
     private void openStreams(final FormatOptions formatOptions, final DictionaryOptions dictOptions)
             throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
         final FileHeader header = new FileHeader(0, dictOptions, formatOptions);
-        final String filename = header.getId() + "." + header.getVersion();
-        final File mDictDir = new File(mDictPlacedDir, filename);
-        final File trieFile = new File(mDictDir, filename + FormatSpec.TRIE_FILE_EXTENSION);
-        final File freqFile = new File(mDictDir, filename + FormatSpec.FREQ_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        mBaseFilename = header.getId() + "." + header.getVersion();
+        mDictDir = new File(mDictPlacedDir, mBaseFilename);
+        final File trieFile = new File(mDictDir, mBaseFilename + FormatSpec.TRIE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        final File freqFile = new File(mDictDir, mBaseFilename + FormatSpec.FREQ_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        final File terminalAddressTableFile = new File(mDictDir,
+                mBaseFilename + FormatSpec.TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        final File bigramFile = new File(mDictDir,
+                mBaseFilename + FormatSpec.BIGRAM_FILE_EXTENSION);
         if (!mDictDir.isDirectory()) {
             if (mDictDir.exists()) mDictDir.delete();
             mDictDir.mkdirs();
         }
         if (!trieFile.exists()) trieFile.createNewFile();
         if (!freqFile.exists()) freqFile.createNewFile();
+        if (!terminalAddressTableFile.exists()) terminalAddressTableFile.createNewFile();
         mTrieOutStream = new FileOutputStream(trieFile);
         mFreqOutStream = new FileOutputStream(freqFile);
+        mTerminalAddressTableOutStream = new FileOutputStream(terminalAddressTableFile);
+        mBigramOutStream = new FileOutputStream(bigramFile);
     }
 
     private void close() throws IOException {
@@ -76,9 +89,17 @@
             if (mFreqOutStream != null) {
                 mFreqOutStream.close();
             }
+            if (mTerminalAddressTableOutStream != null) {
+                mTerminalAddressTableOutStream.close();
+            }
+            if (mBigramOutStream != null) {
+                mBigramOutStream.close();
+            }
         } finally {
             mTrieOutStream = null;
             mFreqOutStream = null;
+            mTerminalAddressTableOutStream = null;
+            mBigramOutStream = null;
         }
     }
 
@@ -97,7 +118,8 @@
             openStreams(formatOptions, dict.mOptions);
         }
 
-        BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeDictionaryHeader(mTrieOutStream, dict, formatOptions);
+        mHeaderSize = BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeDictionaryHeader(mTrieOutStream, dict,
+                formatOptions);
 
         MakedictLog.i("Flattening the tree...");
         ArrayList<PtNodeArray> flatNodes = BinaryDictEncoderUtils.flattenTree(dict.mRootNodeArray);
@@ -112,10 +134,15 @@
         BinaryDictEncoderUtils.computeAddresses(dict, flatNodes, formatOptions);
         if (MakedictLog.DBG) BinaryDictEncoderUtils.checkFlatPtNodeArrayList(flatNodes);
 
+        writeTerminalData(flatNodes, terminalCount);
+        mBigramAddressTable = new SparseTable(terminalCount,
+                FormatSpec.BIGRAM_ADDRESS_TABLE_BLOCK_SIZE);
+        writeBigrams(flatNodes, dict);
+        writeBigramAddressSparseTable();
+
         final PtNodeArray lastNodeArray = flatNodes.get(flatNodes.size() - 1);
         final int bufferSize = lastNodeArray.mCachedAddressAfterUpdate + lastNodeArray.mCachedSize;
         mTrieBuf = new byte[bufferSize];
-        mFreqBuf = new byte[terminalCount * FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE];
 
         MakedictLog.i("Writing file...");
         for (PtNodeArray nodeArray : flatNodes) {
@@ -126,7 +153,6 @@
             MakedictLog.i("has " + terminalCount + " terminals.");
         }
         mTrieOutStream.write(mTrieBuf);
-        mFreqOutStream.write(mFreqBuf);
 
         MakedictLog.i("Done");
         close();
@@ -185,12 +211,6 @@
                 FormatSpec.PTNODE_TERMINAL_ID_SIZE);
     }
 
-    private void writeFrequency(final int frequency, final int terminalId) {
-        final int freqPos = terminalId * FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE;
-        BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToBuffer(mFreqBuf, freqPos, frequency,
-                FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE);
-    }
-
     private void writeChildrenPosition(PtNode ptNode, FormatOptions formatOptions) {
         final int childrenPos = BinaryDictEncoderUtils.getChildrenPosition(ptNode, formatOptions);
         if (formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate) {
@@ -226,24 +246,41 @@
                 shortcutByteSize, FormatSpec.PTNODE_SHORTCUT_LIST_SIZE_SIZE);
     }
 
-    private void writeBigrams(ArrayList<WeightedString> bigrams, FusionDictionary dict) {
-        if (bigrams == null) return;
+    private void writeBigrams(final ArrayList<PtNodeArray> flatNodes, final FusionDictionary dict)
+            throws IOException {
+        final ByteArrayOutputStream bigramBuffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 
-        final Iterator<WeightedString> bigramIterator = bigrams.iterator();
-        while (bigramIterator.hasNext()) {
-            final WeightedString bigram = bigramIterator.next();
-            final PtNode target =
-                    FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict.mRootNodeArray, bigram.mWord);
-            final int addressOfBigram = target.mCachedAddressAfterUpdate;
-            final int unigramFrequencyForThisWord = target.mFrequency;
-            final int offset = addressOfBigram
-                    - (mTriePos + FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_FLAGS_SIZE);
-            int bigramFlags = BinaryDictEncoderUtils.makeBigramFlags(bigramIterator.hasNext(),
-                    offset, bigram.mFrequency, unigramFrequencyForThisWord, bigram.mWord);
-            mTrieBuf[mTriePos++] = (byte) bigramFlags;
-            mTriePos += BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeChildrenPosition(mTrieBuf,
-                    mTriePos, Math.abs(offset));
+        for (final PtNodeArray nodeArray : flatNodes) {
+            for (final PtNode ptNode : nodeArray.mData) {
+                if (ptNode.mBigrams != null) {
+                    final int startPos = bigramBuffer.size();
+                    mBigramAddressTable.set(ptNode.mTerminalId, startPos);
+                    final Iterator<WeightedString> bigramIterator = ptNode.mBigrams.iterator();
+                    while (bigramIterator.hasNext()) {
+                        final WeightedString bigram = bigramIterator.next();
+                        final PtNode target =
+                            FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict.mRootNodeArray, bigram.mWord);
+                        final int unigramFrequencyForThisWord = target.mFrequency;
+                        final int bigramFlags = BinaryDictEncoderUtils.makeBigramFlags(
+                                bigramIterator.hasNext(), 0, bigram.mFrequency,
+                                unigramFrequencyForThisWord, bigram.mWord);
+                        BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToStream(bigramBuffer, bigramFlags,
+                                FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_FLAGS_SIZE);
+                        BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToStream(bigramBuffer, target.mTerminalId,
+                                FormatSpec.PTNODE_ATTRIBUTE_MAX_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
+        bigramBuffer.writeTo(mBigramOutStream);
+    }
+
+    private void writeBigramAddressSparseTable() throws IOException {
+        final File lookupIndexFile =
+                new File(mDictDir, mBaseFilename + FormatSpec.BIGRAM_LOOKUP_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        final File contentFile =
+                new File(mDictDir, mBaseFilename + FormatSpec.BIGRAM_ADDRESS_TABLE_FILE_EXTENSION);
+        mBigramAddressTable.writeToFiles(lookupIndexFile, contentFile);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -260,10 +297,30 @@
         writeCharacters(ptNode.mChars, ptNode.hasSeveralChars());
         if (ptNode.isTerminal()) {
             writeTerminalId(ptNode.mTerminalId);
-            writeFrequency(ptNode.mFrequency, ptNode.mTerminalId);
         }
         writeChildrenPosition(ptNode, formatOptions);
         writeShortcuts(ptNode.mShortcutTargets);
-        writeBigrams(ptNode.mBigrams, dict);
+    }
+
+    private void writeTerminalData(final ArrayList<PtNodeArray> flatNodes,
+          final int terminalCount) throws IOException {
+        final byte[] freqBuf = new byte[terminalCount * FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE];
+        final byte[] terminalAddressTableBuf =
+                new byte[terminalCount * FormatSpec.TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_ADDRESS_SIZE];
+        for (final PtNodeArray nodeArray : flatNodes) {
+            for (final PtNode ptNode : nodeArray.mData) {
+                if (ptNode.isTerminal()) {
+                    BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToBuffer(freqBuf,
+                            ptNode.mTerminalId * FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE,
+                            ptNode.mFrequency, FormatSpec.FREQUENCY_AND_FLAGS_SIZE);
+                    BinaryDictEncoderUtils.writeUIntToBuffer(terminalAddressTableBuf,
+                            ptNode.mTerminalId * FormatSpec.TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_ADDRESS_SIZE,
+                            ptNode.mCachedAddressAfterUpdate + mHeaderSize,
+                            FormatSpec.TERMINAL_ADDRESS_TABLE_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        mFreqOutStream.write(freqBuf);
+        mTerminalAddressTableOutStream.write(terminalAddressTableBuf);
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase.java
similarity index 80%
rename from java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase.java
rename to java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase.java
index 075d7e3..7cf4f0c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Dictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.DictDecoder;
@@ -34,12 +35,15 @@
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 /**
- * This class is a base class of a dictionary for the personalized prediction language model.
+ * This class is a base class of a dictionary that supports decaying for the personalized language
+ * model.
  */
-public abstract class DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase extends ExpandableBinaryDictionary {
-    private static final String TAG = DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase.class.getSimpleName();
+public abstract class DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase extends ExpandableBinaryDictionary {
+    private static final String TAG = DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase.class.getSimpleName();
     public static final boolean DBG_SAVE_RESTORE = false;
     private static final boolean DBG_STRESS_TEST = false;
     private static final boolean PROFILE_SAVE_RESTORE = LatinImeLogger.sDBG;
@@ -47,6 +51,9 @@
     /** Any pair being typed or picked */
     public static final int FREQUENCY_FOR_TYPED = 2;
 
+    public static final int FREQUENCY_FOR_WORDS_IN_DICTS = FREQUENCY_FOR_TYPED;
+    public static final int FREQUENCY_FOR_WORDS_NOT_IN_DICTS = Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
+
     /** Locale for which this user history dictionary is storing words */
     private final String mLocale;
 
@@ -60,8 +67,9 @@
     // Should always be false except when we use this class for test
     @UsedForTesting boolean mIsTest = false;
 
-    /* package */ DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase(final Context context, final String locale,
-            final SharedPreferences sp, final String dictionaryType, final String fileName) {
+    /* package */ DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase(final Context context,
+            final String locale, final SharedPreferences sp, final String dictionaryType,
+            final String fileName) {
         super(context, fileName, dictionaryType, true);
         mLocale = locale;
         mFileName = fileName;
@@ -84,6 +92,18 @@
     }
 
     @Override
+    protected Map<String, String> getHeaderAttributeMap() {
+        HashMap<String, String> attributeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_ATTRIBUTE,
+                FormatSpec.FileHeader.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE);
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.USES_FORGETTING_CURVE_ATTRIBUTE,
+                FormatSpec.FileHeader.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE);
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.DICTIONARY_ID_ATTRIBUTE, mFileName);
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.DICTIONARY_LOCALE_ATTRIBUTE, mLocale);
+        return attributeMap;
+    }
+
+    @Override
     protected boolean hasContentChanged() {
         return false;
     }
@@ -103,27 +123,29 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Pair will be added to the personalization prediction dictionary.
+     * Pair will be added to the decaying dictionary.
      *
      * The first word may be null. That means we don't know the context, in other words,
      * it's only a unigram. The first word may also be an empty string : this means start
      * context, as in beginning of a sentence for example.
      * The second word may not be null (a NullPointerException would be thrown).
      */
-    public void addToPersonalizationPredictionDictionary(
-            final String word0, final String word1, final boolean isValid) {
+    public void addToDictionary(final String word0, final String word1, final boolean isValid) {
         if (word1.length() >= Constants.DICTIONARY_MAX_WORD_LENGTH ||
                 (word0 != null && word0.length() >= Constants.DICTIONARY_MAX_WORD_LENGTH)) {
             return;
         }
-        addWordDynamically(word1, null /* the "shortcut" parameter is null */, FREQUENCY_FOR_TYPED,
+        final int frequency = ENABLE_BINARY_DICTIONARY_DYNAMIC_UPDATE ?
+                (isValid ? FREQUENCY_FOR_WORDS_IN_DICTS : FREQUENCY_FOR_WORDS_NOT_IN_DICTS) :
+                        FREQUENCY_FOR_TYPED;
+        addWordDynamically(word1, null /* the "shortcut" parameter is null */, frequency,
                 false /* isNotAWord */);
         // Do not insert a word as a bigram of itself
         if (word1.equals(word0)) {
             return;
         }
         if (null != word0) {
-            addBigramDynamically(word0, word1, FREQUENCY_FOR_TYPED, isValid);
+            addBigramDynamically(word0, word1, frequency, isValid);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPersonalizationDictionaryWriter.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPersonalizationDictionaryWriter.java
index 0af028a..039b253 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPersonalizationDictionaryWriter.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/DynamicPersonalizationDictionaryWriter.java
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Map;
 
 // Currently this class is used to implement dynamic prodiction dictionary.
 // TODO: Move to native code.
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@
     public void addUnigramWord(final String word, final String shortcutTarget, final int frequency,
             final boolean isNotAWord) {
         if (mBigramList.size() > mMaxHistoryBigrams * 2) {
-            // Too many entries: just stop adding new vocabrary and wait next refresh.
+            // Too many entries: just stop adding new vocabulary and wait next refresh.
             return;
         }
         mExpandableDictionary.addWord(word, shortcutTarget, frequency);
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@
     public void addBigramWords(final String word0, final String word1, final int frequency,
             final boolean isValid, final long lastModifiedTime) {
         if (mBigramList.size() > mMaxHistoryBigrams * 2) {
-            // Too many entries: just stop adding new vocabrary and wait next refresh.
+            // Too many entries: just stop adding new vocabulary and wait next refresh.
             return;
         }
         if (lastModifiedTime > 0) {
@@ -113,8 +114,8 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected void writeDictionary(final DictEncoder dictEncoder)
-            throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+    protected void writeDictionary(final DictEncoder dictEncoder,
+            final Map<String, String> attributeMap) throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
         UserHistoryDictIOUtils.writeDictionary(dictEncoder,
                 new FrequencyProvider(mBigramList, mExpandableDictionary, mMaxHistoryBigrams),
                 mBigramList, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
@@ -176,8 +177,8 @@
     }
 
     @UsedForTesting
-    public boolean isInDictionaryForTests(final String word) {
+    public boolean isInBigramListForTests(final String word) {
         // TODO: Use native method to determine whether the word is in dictionary or not
-        return mBigramList.containsKey(word);
+        return mBigramList.containsKey(word) || mBigramList.getBigrams(null).containsKey(word);
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryUpdateSession.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryUpdateSession.java
index ab3de80..a86f6e5 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryUpdateSession.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryUpdateSession.java
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 
     // TODO: Use a dynamic binary dictionary instead
     public WeakReference<PersonalizationDictionary> mDictionary;
-    public WeakReference<DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase> mPredictionDictionary;
+    public WeakReference<DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase> mPredictionDictionary;
     public final String mSystemLocale;
     public PersonalizationDictionaryUpdateSession(String locale) {
         mSystemLocale = locale;
@@ -60,15 +60,16 @@
         mDictionary = new WeakReference<PersonalizationDictionary>(dictionary);
     }
 
-    public void setPredictionDictionary(DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase dictionary) {
-        mPredictionDictionary = new WeakReference<DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase>(dictionary);
+    public void setPredictionDictionary(DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase dictionary) {
+        mPredictionDictionary =
+                new WeakReference<DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase>(dictionary);
     }
 
     protected PersonalizationDictionary getDictionary() {
         return mDictionary == null ? null : mDictionary.get();
     }
 
-    protected DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase getPredictionDictionary() {
+    protected DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase getPredictionDictionary() {
         return mPredictionDictionary == null ? null : mPredictionDictionary.get();
     }
 
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@
     }
 
     private void unsetPredictionDictionary() {
-        final DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
+        final DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
         if (dictionary == null) {
             return;
         }
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@
     }
 
     public void clearAndFlushPredictionDictionary(Context context) {
-        final DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
+        final DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
         if (dictionary == null) {
             return;
         }
@@ -105,24 +106,23 @@
     // TODO: Support multi locale to add bigram
     public void addBigramToPersonalizationDictionary(String word0, String word1, boolean isValid,
             int frequency) {
-        final DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
+        final DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
         if (dictionary == null) {
             return;
         }
-        dictionary.addToPersonalizationPredictionDictionary(word0, word1, isValid);
+        dictionary.addToDictionary(word0, word1, isValid);
     }
 
     // Bulk import
     // TODO: Support multi locale to add bigram
     public void addBigramsToPersonalizationDictionary(
             final ArrayList<PersonalizationLanguageModelParam> lmParams) {
-        final DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
+        final DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase dictionary = getPredictionDictionary();
         if (dictionary == null) {
             return;
         }
         for (final PersonalizationLanguageModelParam lmParam : lmParams) {
-            dictionary.addToPersonalizationPredictionDictionary(
-                    lmParam.mWord0, lmParam.mWord1, lmParam.mIsValid);
+            dictionary.addToDictionary(lmParam.mWord0, lmParam.mWord1, lmParam.mIsValid);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationHelper.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationHelper.java
index 5f702ee..8c9484b 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationHelper.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationHelper.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     private static final String TAG = PersonalizationHelper.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
 
-    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, SoftReference<UserHistoryPredictionDictionary>>
+    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, SoftReference<UserHistoryDictionary>>
             sLangUserHistoryDictCache = CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap();
 
     private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, SoftReference<PersonalizationDictionary>>
@@ -41,25 +41,23 @@
                     sLangPersonalizationPredictionDictCache =
                             CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap();
 
-    public static UserHistoryPredictionDictionary getUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(
+    public static UserHistoryDictionary getUserHistoryDictionary(
             final Context context, final String locale, final SharedPreferences sp) {
         synchronized (sLangUserHistoryDictCache) {
             if (sLangUserHistoryDictCache.containsKey(locale)) {
-                final SoftReference<UserHistoryPredictionDictionary> ref =
+                final SoftReference<UserHistoryDictionary> ref =
                         sLangUserHistoryDictCache.get(locale);
-                final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict = ref == null ? null : ref.get();
+                final UserHistoryDictionary dict = ref == null ? null : ref.get();
                 if (dict != null) {
                     if (DEBUG) {
-                        Log.w(TAG, "Use cached UserHistoryPredictionDictionary for " + locale);
+                        Log.w(TAG, "Use cached UserHistoryDictionary for " + locale);
                     }
                     dict.reloadDictionaryIfRequired();
                     return dict;
                 }
             }
-            final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict =
-                    new UserHistoryPredictionDictionary(context, locale, sp);
-            sLangUserHistoryDictCache.put(
-                    locale, new SoftReference<UserHistoryPredictionDictionary>(dict));
+            final UserHistoryDictionary dict = new UserHistoryDictionary(context, locale, sp);
+            sLangUserHistoryDictCache.put(locale, new SoftReference<UserHistoryDictionary>(dict));
             return dict;
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationPredictionDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationPredictionDictionary.java
index e80953c..4329544 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationPredictionDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationPredictionDictionary.java
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 
-public class PersonalizationPredictionDictionary extends DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase {
+public class PersonalizationPredictionDictionary extends DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase {
     private static final String NAME = PersonalizationPredictionDictionary.class.getSimpleName();
 
     /* package */ PersonalizationPredictionDictionary(final Context context, final String locale,
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionary.java
similarity index 85%
rename from java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.java
rename to java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionary.java
index b140c91..a60226d 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionary.java
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
  * Locally gathers stats about the words user types and various other signals like auto-correction
  * cancellation or manual picks. This allows the keyboard to adapt to the typist over time.
  */
-public class UserHistoryPredictionDictionary extends DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase {
+public class UserHistoryDictionary extends DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase {
     /* package for tests */ static final String NAME =
-            UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.class.getSimpleName();
-    /* package */ UserHistoryPredictionDictionary(final Context context, final String locale,
+            UserHistoryDictionary.class.getSimpleName();
+    /* package */ UserHistoryDictionary(final Context context, final String locale,
             final SharedPreferences sp) {
         super(context, locale, sp, Dictionary.TYPE_USER_HISTORY, getDictionaryFileName(locale));
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList.java
index 4c1803b..55a90ee 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
      * Called when loaded from the SQL DB.
      */
     public void addBigram(String word1, String word2, byte fcValue) {
-        if (DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase.DBG_SAVE_RESTORE) {
+        if (DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase.DBG_SAVE_RESTORE) {
             Log.d(TAG, "--- add bigram: " + word1 + ", " + word2 + ", " + fcValue);
         }
         final HashMap<String, Byte> map;
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
      * Called when inserted to the SQL DB.
      */
     public void updateBigram(String word1, String word2, byte fcValue) {
-        if (DynamicPredictionDictionaryBase.DBG_SAVE_RESTORE) {
+        if (DecayingExpandableBinaryDictionaryBase.DBG_SAVE_RESTORE) {
             Log.d(TAG, "--- update bigram: " + word1 + ", " + word2 + ", " + fcValue);
         }
         final HashMap<String, Byte> map;
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/PrioritizedSerialExecutor.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/PrioritizedSerialExecutor.java
index 5dc0b58..201a70d 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/PrioritizedSerialExecutor.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/PrioritizedSerialExecutor.java
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils;
 
-import java.util.ArrayDeque;
 import java.util.Queue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
+import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * An object that executes submitted tasks using a thread.
@@ -27,19 +30,20 @@
 
     private final Object mLock = new Object();
 
-    // The default value of capacities of task queues.
-    private static final int TASK_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 1000;
     private final Queue<Runnable> mTasks;
     private final Queue<Runnable> mPrioritizedTasks;
     private boolean mIsShutdown;
+    private final ThreadPoolExecutor mThreadPoolExecutor;
 
     // The task which is running now.
     private Runnable mActive;
 
     public PrioritizedSerialExecutor() {
-        mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>(TASK_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
-        mPrioritizedTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>(TASK_QUEUE_CAPACITY);
+        mTasks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Runnable>();
+        mPrioritizedTasks = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<Runnable>();
         mIsShutdown = false;
+        mThreadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(1 /* corePoolSize */, 1 /* maximumPoolSize */,
+                0 /* keepAliveTime */, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -59,7 +63,16 @@
     public void execute(final Runnable r) {
         synchronized(mLock) {
             if (!mIsShutdown) {
-                mTasks.offer(r);
+                mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        try {
+                            r.run();
+                        } finally {
+                            scheduleNext();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
                 if (mActive == null) {
                     scheduleNext();
                 }
@@ -74,45 +87,36 @@
     public void executePrioritized(final Runnable r) {
         synchronized(mLock) {
             if (!mIsShutdown) {
-                mPrioritizedTasks.offer(r);
-                if (mActive ==  null) {
+                mPrioritizedTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        try {
+                            r.run();
+                        } finally {
+                            scheduleNext();
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+                if (mActive == null) {
                     scheduleNext();
                 }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    private boolean fetchNextTasks() {
-        synchronized(mLock) {
-            mActive = mPrioritizedTasks.poll();
-            if (mActive == null) {
-                mActive = mTasks.poll();
-            }
-            return mActive != null;
+    private boolean fetchNextTasksLocked() {
+        mActive = mPrioritizedTasks.poll();
+        if (mActive == null) {
+            mActive = mTasks.poll();
         }
+        return mActive != null;
     }
 
     private void scheduleNext() {
         synchronized(mLock) {
-            if (!fetchNextTasks()) {
-                return;
+            if (fetchNextTasksLocked()) {
+                mThreadPoolExecutor.execute(mActive);
             }
-            new Thread(new Runnable() {
-                @Override
-                public void run() {
-                    try {
-                        do {
-                            synchronized(mLock) {
-                                if (mActive != null) {
-                                    mActive.run();
-                                }
-                            }
-                        } while (fetchNextTasks());
-                    } finally {
-                        scheduleNext();
-                    }
-                }
-            }).start();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/SpannableStringUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/SpannableStringUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51fd93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/SpannableStringUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils;
+
+import android.text.Spannable;
+import android.text.SpannableString;
+import android.text.Spanned;
+import android.text.SpannedString;
+import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.text.style.SuggestionSpan;
+
+public final class SpannableStringUtils {
+    /**
+     * Copies the spans from the region <code>start...end</code> in
+     * <code>source</code> to the region
+     * <code>destoff...destoff+end-start</code> in <code>dest</code>.
+     * Spans in <code>source</code> that begin before <code>start</code>
+     * or end after <code>end</code> but overlap this range are trimmed
+     * as if they began at <code>start</code> or ended at <code>end</code>.
+     * Only SuggestionSpans that don't have the SPAN_PARAGRAPH span are copied.
+     *
+     * This code is almost entirely taken from {@link TextUtils#copySpansFrom}, except for the
+     * kind of span that is copied.
+     *
+     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if any of the copied spans
+     * are out of range in <code>dest</code>.
+     */
+    public static void copyNonParagraphSuggestionSpansFrom(Spanned source, int start, int end,
+                                     Spannable dest, int destoff) {
+        Object[] spans = source.getSpans(start, end, SuggestionSpan.class);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
+            int fl = source.getSpanFlags(spans[i]);
+            if (0 != (fl & Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH)) continue;
+
+            int st = source.getSpanStart(spans[i]);
+            int en = source.getSpanEnd(spans[i]);
+
+            if (st < start)
+                st = start;
+            if (en > end)
+                en = end;
+
+            dest.setSpan(spans[i], st - start + destoff, en - start + destoff,
+                         fl);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a CharSequence concatenating the specified CharSequences, retaining their
+     * SuggestionSpans that don't have the PARAGRAPH flag, but not other spans.
+     *
+     * This code is almost entirely taken from {@link TextUtils#concat(CharSequence...)}, except
+     * it calls copyNonParagraphSuggestionSpansFrom instead of {@link TextUtils#copySpansFrom}.
+     */
+    public static CharSequence concatWithNonParagraphSuggestionSpansOnly(CharSequence... text) {
+        if (text.length == 0) {
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        if (text.length == 1) {
+            return text[0];
+        }
+
+        boolean spanned = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+            if (text[i] instanceof Spanned) {
+                spanned = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+            sb.append(text[i]);
+        }
+
+        if (!spanned) {
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        SpannableString ss = new SpannableString(sb);
+        int off = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
+            int len = text[i].length();
+
+            if (text[i] instanceof Spanned) {
+                copyNonParagraphSuggestionSpansFrom((Spanned) text[i], 0, len, ss, off);
+            }
+
+            off += len;
+        }
+
+        return new SpannedString(ss);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtils.java
index 327780a..121aecf 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtils.java
@@ -20,12 +20,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SettingsValues;
 
-import android.text.Spannable;
-import android.text.SpannableString;
-import android.text.Spanned;
-import android.text.SpannedString;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
-import android.text.style.SuggestionSpan;
 import android.util.JsonReader;
 import android.util.JsonWriter;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -467,88 +462,4 @@
         }
         return "";
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Copies the spans from the region <code>start...end</code> in
-     * <code>source</code> to the region
-     * <code>destoff...destoff+end-start</code> in <code>dest</code>.
-     * Spans in <code>source</code> that begin before <code>start</code>
-     * or end after <code>end</code> but overlap this range are trimmed
-     * as if they began at <code>start</code> or ended at <code>end</code>.
-     * Only SuggestionSpans that don't have the SPAN_PARAGRAPH span are copied.
-     *
-     * This code is almost entirely taken from {@link TextUtils#copySpansFrom}, except for the
-     * kind of span that is copied.
-     *
-     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if any of the copied spans
-     * are out of range in <code>dest</code>.
-     */
-    public static void copyNonParagraphSuggestionSpansFrom(Spanned source, int start, int end,
-                                     Spannable dest, int destoff) {
-        Object[] spans = source.getSpans(start, end, SuggestionSpan.class);
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
-            int fl = source.getSpanFlags(spans[i]);
-            if (0 != (fl & Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH)) continue;
-
-            int st = source.getSpanStart(spans[i]);
-            int en = source.getSpanEnd(spans[i]);
-
-            if (st < start)
-                st = start;
-            if (en > end)
-                en = end;
-
-            dest.setSpan(spans[i], st - start + destoff, en - start + destoff,
-                         fl);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a CharSequence concatenating the specified CharSequences, retaining their
-     * SuggestionSpans that don't have the PARAGRAPH flag, but not other spans.
-     *
-     * This code is almost entirely taken from {@link TextUtils#concat(CharSequence...)}, except
-     * it calls copyNonParagraphSuggestionSpansFrom instead of {@link TextUtils#copySpansFrom}.
-     */
-    public static CharSequence concatWithNonParagraphSuggestionSpansOnly(CharSequence... text) {
-        if (text.length == 0) {
-            return "";
-        }
-
-        if (text.length == 1) {
-            return text[0];
-        }
-
-        boolean spanned = false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-            if (text[i] instanceof Spanned) {
-                spanned = true;
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-
-        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
-        for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-            sb.append(text[i]);
-        }
-
-        if (!spanned) {
-            return sb.toString();
-        }
-
-        SpannableString ss = new SpannableString(sb);
-        int off = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < text.length; i++) {
-            int len = text[i].length();
-
-            if (text[i] instanceof Spanned) {
-                copyNonParagraphSuggestionSpansFrom((Spanned) text[i], 0, len, ss, off);
-            }
-
-            off += len;
-        }
-
-        return new SpannedString(ss);
-    }
 }
diff --git a/native/jni/Android.mk b/native/jni/Android.mk
index c207032..36afea5 100644
--- a/native/jni/Android.mk
+++ b/native/jni/Android.mk
@@ -85,6 +85,8 @@
     $(addprefix suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/, \
         buffer_with_extendable_buffer.cpp \
         byte_array_utils.cpp \
+        decaying_utils.cpp \
+        dict_file_writing_utils.cpp \
         format_utils.cpp) \
     suggest/policyimpl/gesture/gesture_suggest_policy_factory.cpp \
     $(addprefix suggest/policyimpl/typing/, \
diff --git a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
index 7f47493..c5ef264 100644
--- a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
@@ -26,12 +26,55 @@
 #include "suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.h"
 #include "suggest/core/suggest_options.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dictionary_structure_with_buffer_policy_factory.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.h"
 #include "utils/autocorrection_threshold_utils.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
 
 class ProximityInfo;
 
+// TODO: Move to makedict.
+static jboolean latinime_BinaryDictionary_createEmptyDictFile(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
+        jstring filePath, jlong dictVersion, jobjectArray attributeKeyStringArray,
+        jobjectArray attributeValueStringArray) {
+    const jsize filePathUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(filePath);
+    char filePathChars[filePathUtf8Length + 1];
+    env->GetStringUTFRegion(filePath, 0, env->GetStringLength(filePath), filePathChars);
+    filePathChars[filePathUtf8Length] = '\0';
+
+    const int keyCount = env->GetArrayLength(attributeKeyStringArray);
+    const int valueCount = env->GetArrayLength(attributeValueStringArray);
+    if (keyCount != valueCount) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap attributeMap;
+    for (int i = 0; i < keyCount; i++) {
+        jstring keyString = static_cast<jstring>(
+                env->GetObjectArrayElement(attributeKeyStringArray, i));
+        const jsize keyUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(keyString);
+        char keyChars[keyUtf8Length + 1];
+        env->GetStringUTFRegion(keyString, 0, env->GetStringLength(keyString), keyChars);
+        keyChars[keyUtf8Length] = '\0';
+        HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap::key_type key;
+        HeaderReadWriteUtils::insertCharactersIntoVector(keyChars, &key);
+
+        jstring valueString = static_cast<jstring>(
+                env->GetObjectArrayElement(attributeValueStringArray, i));
+        const jsize valueUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(valueString);
+        char valueChars[valueUtf8Length + 1];
+        env->GetStringUTFRegion(valueString, 0, env->GetStringLength(valueString), valueChars);
+        valueChars[valueUtf8Length] = '\0';
+        HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap::mapped_type value;
+        HeaderReadWriteUtils::insertCharactersIntoVector(valueChars, &value);
+
+        attributeMap[key] = value;
+    }
+
+    return DictFileWritingUtils::createEmptyDictFile(filePathChars, static_cast<int>(dictVersion),
+            &attributeMap);
+}
+
 static jlong latinime_BinaryDictionary_open(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jstring sourceDir,
         jlong dictOffset, jlong dictSize, jboolean isUpdatable) {
     PROF_OPEN;
@@ -70,10 +113,10 @@
 }
 
 static bool latinime_BinaryDictionary_needsToRunGC(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
-        jlong dict) {
+        jlong dict, jboolean mindsBlockByGC) {
     Dictionary *dictionary = reinterpret_cast<Dictionary *>(dict);
     if (!dictionary) return false;
-    return dictionary->needsToRunGC();
+    return dictionary->needsToRunGC(mindsBlockByGC == JNI_TRUE);
 }
 
 static void latinime_BinaryDictionary_flushWithGC(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jlong dict,
@@ -280,8 +323,31 @@
             bigramProbability);
 }
 
+static jstring latinime_BinaryDictionary_getProperty(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jlong dict,
+        jstring query) {
+    Dictionary *dictionary = reinterpret_cast<Dictionary *>(dict);
+    if (!dictionary) {
+        return env->NewStringUTF("");
+    }
+    const jsize queryUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(query);
+    char queryChars[queryUtf8Length + 1];
+    env->GetStringUTFRegion(query, 0, env->GetStringLength(query), queryChars);
+    queryChars[queryUtf8Length] = '\0';
+    static const int GET_PROPERTY_RESULT_LENGTH = 100;
+    char resultChars[GET_PROPERTY_RESULT_LENGTH];
+    resultChars[0] = '\0';
+    dictionary->getDictionaryStructurePolicy()->getProperty(queryChars, resultChars,
+            GET_PROPERTY_RESULT_LENGTH);
+    return env->NewStringUTF(resultChars);
+}
+
 static const JNINativeMethod sMethods[] = {
     {
+        const_cast<char *>("createEmptyDictFileNative"),
+        const_cast<char *>("(Ljava/lang/String;J[Ljava/lang/String;[Ljava/lang/String;)Z"),
+        reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_createEmptyDictFile)
+    },
+    {
         const_cast<char *>("openNative"),
         const_cast<char *>("(Ljava/lang/String;JJZ)J"),
         reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_open)
@@ -298,7 +364,7 @@
     },
     {
         const_cast<char *>("needsToRunGCNative"),
-        const_cast<char *>("(J)Z"),
+        const_cast<char *>("(JZ)Z"),
         reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_needsToRunGC)
     },
     {
@@ -350,6 +416,11 @@
         const_cast<char *>("calculateProbabilityNative"),
         const_cast<char *>("(JII)I"),
         reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_calculateProbabilityNative)
+    },
+    {
+        const_cast<char *>("getPropertyNative"),
+        const_cast<char *>("(JLjava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;"),
+        reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_getProperty)
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/native/jni/src/defines.h b/native/jni/src/defines.h
index 89dfa39..c2aa8ba 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/defines.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/defines.h
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@
     CT_TERMINAL,
     CT_TERMINAL_INSERTION,
     // Create new word with space omission
-    CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION,
+    CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION,
     // Create new word with space substitution
     CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_SUBSTITUTION,
 } CorrectionType;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/dic_node.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/dic_node.h
index 41ef9d2..9099e82 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/dic_node.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/dic_node.h
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@
         INTS_TO_CHARS(mDicNodeState.mDicNodeStatePrevWord.mPrevWord, \
                 mDicNodeState.mDicNodeStatePrevWord.getPrevWordLength(), prevWordCharBuf, \
                 NELEMS(prevWordCharBuf)); \
-        AKLOGI("#%8s, %5f, %5f, %5f, %5f, %s, %s, %d,,", header, \
+        AKLOGI("#%8s, %5f, %5f, %5f, %5f, %s, %s, %d, %5f,", header, \
                 getSpatialDistanceForScoring(), getLanguageDistanceForScoring(), \
                 getNormalizedCompoundDistance(), getRawLength(), prevWordCharBuf, charBuf, \
-                getInputIndex(0)); \
+                getInputIndex(0), getNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord()); \
         } while (0)
 #else
 #define LOGI_SHOW_ADD_COST_PROP
@@ -434,6 +434,13 @@
         return mDicNodeState.mDicNodeStateScoring.getLanguageDistance();
     }
 
+    // For space-aware gestures, we store the normalized distance at the char index
+    // that ends the first word of the suggestion. We call this the distance after
+    // first word.
+    float getNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord() const {
+        return mDicNodeState.mDicNodeStateScoring.getNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord();
+    }
+
     float getLanguageDistanceRatePerWordForScoring() const {
         const float langDist = getLanguageDistanceForScoring();
         const float totalWordCount =
@@ -565,6 +572,12 @@
                 inputSize, getTotalInputIndex(), errorType);
     }
 
+    // Saves the current normalized compound distance for space-aware gestures.
+    // See getNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord for details.
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE void saveNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWordIfNoneYet() {
+        mDicNodeState.mDicNodeStateScoring.saveNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWordIfNoneYet();
+    }
+
     // Caveat: Must not be called outside Weighting
     // This restriction is guaranteed by "friend"
     AK_FORCE_INLINE void forwardInputIndex(const int pointerId, const int count,
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/internal/dic_node_state_scoring.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/internal/dic_node_state_scoring.h
index 4c88422..3c85d0e 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/internal/dic_node_state_scoring.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dicnode/internal/dic_node_state_scoring.h
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@
               mDigraphIndex(DigraphUtils::NOT_A_DIGRAPH_INDEX),
               mEditCorrectionCount(0), mProximityCorrectionCount(0),
               mNormalizedCompoundDistance(0.0f), mSpatialDistance(0.0f), mLanguageDistance(0.0f),
-              mRawLength(0.0f), mExactMatch(true) {
+              mRawLength(0.0f), mExactMatch(true),
+              mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord(MAX_VALUE_FOR_WEIGHTING) {
     }
 
     virtual ~DicNodeStateScoring() {}
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
         mRawLength = 0.0f;
         mDoubleLetterLevel = NOT_A_DOUBLE_LETTER;
         mDigraphIndex = DigraphUtils::NOT_A_DIGRAPH_INDEX;
+        mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord = MAX_VALUE_FOR_WEIGHTING;
         mExactMatch = true;
     }
 
@@ -58,6 +60,8 @@
         mDoubleLetterLevel = scoring->mDoubleLetterLevel;
         mDigraphIndex = scoring->mDigraphIndex;
         mExactMatch = scoring->mExactMatch;
+        mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord =
+                scoring->mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord;
     }
 
     void addCost(const float spatialCost, const float languageCost, const bool doNormalization,
@@ -86,6 +90,17 @@
         }
     }
 
+    // Saves the current normalized distance for space-aware gestures.
+    // See getNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord for details.
+    void saveNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWordIfNoneYet() {
+        // We get called here after each word. We only want to store the distance after
+        // the first word, so if we already have a distance we skip saving -- hence "IfNoneYet"
+        // in the method name.
+        if (mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord >= MAX_VALUE_FOR_WEIGHTING) {
+            mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord = getNormalizedCompoundDistance();
+        }
+    }
+
     void addRawLength(const float rawLength) {
         mRawLength += rawLength;
     }
@@ -102,6 +117,13 @@
         return mNormalizedCompoundDistance;
     }
 
+    // For space-aware gestures, we store the normalized distance at the char index
+    // that ends the first word of the suggestion. We call this the distance after
+    // first word.
+    float getNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord() const {
+        return mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord;
+    }
+
     float getSpatialDistance() const {
         return mSpatialDistance;
     }
@@ -178,6 +200,7 @@
     float mLanguageDistance;
     float mRawLength;
     bool mExactMatch;
+    float mNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWord;
 
     AK_FORCE_INLINE void addDistance(float spatialDistance, float languageDistance,
             bool doNormalization, int inputSize, int totalInputIndex) {
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.cpp
index ec1b63a..b1d01ed 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 
 namespace latinime {
 
+const int Dictionary::HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
+
 Dictionary::Dictionary(JNIEnv *env,
         DictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy *const dictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy)
         : mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy(dictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy),
@@ -121,32 +123,37 @@
     mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy->flushWithGC(filePath);
 }
 
-bool Dictionary::needsToRunGC() {
-    return mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy->needsToRunGC();
+bool Dictionary::needsToRunGC(const bool mindsBlockByGC) {
+    return mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy->needsToRunGC(mindsBlockByGC);
+}
+
+void Dictionary::getProperty(const char *const query, char *const outResult,
+        const int maxResultLength) const {
+    return mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy->getProperty(query, outResult, maxResultLength);
 }
 
 void Dictionary::logDictionaryInfo(JNIEnv *const env) const {
-    const int BUFFER_SIZE = 16;
-    int dictionaryIdCodePointBuffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
-    int versionStringCodePointBuffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
-    int dateStringCodePointBuffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int dictionaryIdCodePointBuffer[HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int versionStringCodePointBuffer[HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int dateStringCodePointBuffer[HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE];
     const DictionaryHeaderStructurePolicy *const headerPolicy =
             getDictionaryStructurePolicy()->getHeaderStructurePolicy();
     headerPolicy->readHeaderValueOrQuestionMark("dictionary", dictionaryIdCodePointBuffer,
-            BUFFER_SIZE);
+            HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE);
     headerPolicy->readHeaderValueOrQuestionMark("version", versionStringCodePointBuffer,
-            BUFFER_SIZE);
-    headerPolicy->readHeaderValueOrQuestionMark("date", dateStringCodePointBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+            HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    headerPolicy->readHeaderValueOrQuestionMark("date", dateStringCodePointBuffer,
+            HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
-    char dictionaryIdCharBuffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
-    char versionStringCharBuffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
-    char dateStringCharBuffer[BUFFER_SIZE];
-    intArrayToCharArray(dictionaryIdCodePointBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE,
-            dictionaryIdCharBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
-    intArrayToCharArray(versionStringCodePointBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE,
-            versionStringCharBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
-    intArrayToCharArray(dateStringCodePointBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE,
-            dateStringCharBuffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
+    char dictionaryIdCharBuffer[HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    char versionStringCharBuffer[HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    char dateStringCharBuffer[HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    intArrayToCharArray(dictionaryIdCodePointBuffer, HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+            dictionaryIdCharBuffer, HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    intArrayToCharArray(versionStringCodePointBuffer, HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+            versionStringCharBuffer, HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    intArrayToCharArray(dateStringCodePointBuffer, HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE,
+            dateStringCharBuffer, HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE);
 
     LogUtils::logToJava(env,
             "Dictionary info: dictionary = %s ; version = %s ; date = %s",
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.h
index 9744474..d8a0f3e 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/dictionary/dictionary.h
@@ -81,7 +81,10 @@
 
     void flushWithGC(const char *const filePath);
 
-    bool needsToRunGC();
+    bool needsToRunGC(const bool mindsBlockByGC);
+
+    void getProperty(const char *const query, char *const outResult,
+            const int maxResultLength) const;
 
     const DictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy *getDictionaryStructurePolicy() const {
         return mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy;
@@ -92,6 +95,8 @@
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Dictionary);
 
+    static const int HEADER_ATTRIBUTE_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
     DictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy *const mDictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy;
     const BigramDictionary *const mBigramDictionary;
     const SuggestInterface *const mGestureSuggest;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/dictionary_structure_with_buffer_policy.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/dictionary_structure_with_buffer_policy.h
index b95488e..c7ffef0 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/dictionary_structure_with_buffer_policy.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/dictionary_structure_with_buffer_policy.h
@@ -78,7 +78,10 @@
 
     virtual void flushWithGC(const char *const filePath) = 0;
 
-    virtual bool needsToRunGC() const = 0;
+    virtual bool needsToRunGC(const bool mindsBlockByGC) const = 0;
+
+    virtual void getProperty(const char *const query, char *const outResult,
+            const int maxResultLength) const = 0;
 
  protected:
     DictionaryStructureWithBufferPolicy() {}
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/weighting.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/weighting.cpp
index f9b777d..0c40168 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/weighting.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/policy/weighting.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
     case CT_SUBSTITUTION:
         PROF_SUBSTITUTION(node->mProfiler);
         return;
-    case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION:
+    case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION:
         PROF_NEW_WORD(node->mProfiler);
         return;
     case CT_MATCH:
@@ -93,6 +93,11 @@
     }
     dicNode->addCost(spatialCost, languageCost, weighting->needsToNormalizeCompoundDistance(),
             inputSize, errorType);
+    if (CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION == correctionType) {
+        // When we are on a terminal, we save the current distance for evaluating
+        // when to auto-commit partial suggestions.
+        dicNode->saveNormalizedCompoundDistanceAfterFirstWordIfNoneYet();
+    }
 }
 
 /* static */ float Weighting::getSpatialCost(const Weighting *const weighting,
@@ -108,7 +113,7 @@
     case CT_SUBSTITUTION:
         // only used for typing
         return weighting->getSubstitutionCost();
-    case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION:
+    case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION:
         return weighting->getNewWordSpatialCost(traverseSession, dicNode, inputStateG);
     case CT_MATCH:
         return weighting->getMatchedCost(traverseSession, dicNode, inputStateG);
@@ -138,7 +143,7 @@
         return 0.0f;
     case CT_SUBSTITUTION:
         return 0.0f;
-    case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION:
+    case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION:
         return weighting->getNewWordBigramLanguageCost(
                 traverseSession, parentDicNode, multiBigramMap);
     case CT_MATCH:
@@ -173,7 +178,7 @@
             return 0; /* 0 because CT_MATCH will be called */
         case CT_SUBSTITUTION:
             return 0; /* 0 because CT_MATCH will be called */
-        case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION:
+        case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION:
             return 0;
         case CT_MATCH:
             return 1;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/suggest.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/suggest.cpp
index b1340e1..e20bc49 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/core/suggest.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/core/suggest.cpp
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
     DicNodeUtils::initAsRootWithPreviousWord(
             traverseSession->getDictionaryStructurePolicy(), dicNode, &newDicNode);
     const CorrectionType correctionType = spaceSubstitution ?
-            CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_SUBSTITUTION : CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION;
+            CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_SUBSTITUTION : CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION;
     Weighting::addCostAndForwardInputIndex(WEIGHTING, correctionType, traverseSession, dicNode,
             &newDicNode, traverseSession->getMultiBigramMap());
     if (newDicNode.getCompoundDistance() < static_cast<float>(MAX_VALUE_FOR_WEIGHTING)) {
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.cpp
index bc2f5ee..67a085d 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.cpp
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.h"
 
 #include "suggest/core/policy/dictionary_shortcuts_structure_policy.h"
-#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/bigram_list_read_write_utils.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_node_reader.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/buffer_with_extendable_buffer.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
 
@@ -41,9 +41,14 @@
     if (usesAdditionalBuffer && originalBigramPos != NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
         originalBigramPos += mBuffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
     }
-    *outBigramPos = followBigramLinkAndGetCurrentBigramPtNodePos(originalBigramPos);
     *outProbability = BigramListReadWriteUtils::getProbabilityFromFlags(bigramFlags);
     *outHasNext = BigramListReadWriteUtils::hasNext(bigramFlags);
+    if (mIsDecayingDict && !DecayingUtils::isValidBigram(*outProbability)) {
+        // This bigram is too weak to output.
+        *outBigramPos = NOT_A_DICT_POS;
+    } else {
+        *outBigramPos = followBigramLinkAndGetCurrentBigramPtNodePos(originalBigramPos);
+    }
     if (usesAdditionalBuffer) {
         *bigramEntryPos += mBuffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
     }
@@ -119,7 +124,7 @@
 // Finding useless bigram entries and remove them. Bigram entry is useless when the target PtNode
 // has been deleted or is not a valid terminal.
 bool DynamicBigramListPolicy::updateAllBigramEntriesAndDeleteUselessEntries(
-        int *const bigramListPos) {
+        int *const bigramListPos, int *const outValidBigramEntryCount) {
     const bool usesAdditionalBuffer = mBuffer->isInAdditionalBuffer(*bigramListPos);
     if (usesAdditionalBuffer) {
         *bigramListPos -= mBuffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
@@ -153,14 +158,22 @@
         const int bigramTargetNodePos =
                 followBigramLinkAndGetCurrentBigramPtNodePos(originalBigramPos);
         nodeReader.fetchNodeInfoInBufferFromPtNodePos(bigramTargetNodePos);
-        // TODO: Update probability for supporting probability decaying.
         if (nodeReader.isDeleted() || !nodeReader.isTerminal()
                 || bigramTargetNodePos == NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
             // The target is no longer valid terminal. Invalidate the current bigram entry.
             if (!BigramListReadWriteUtils::writeBigramEntry(mBuffer, bigramFlags,
-                    NOT_A_DICT_POS /* targetOffset */, &bigramEntryPos)) {
+                    NOT_A_DICT_POS /* targetPtNodePos */, &bigramEntryPos)) {
                 return false;
             }
+            continue;
+        }
+        bool isRemoved = false;
+        if (!updateProbabilityForDecay(bigramFlags, bigramTargetNodePos, &bigramEntryPos,
+                &isRemoved)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!isRemoved) {
+            (*outValidBigramEntryCount) += 1;
         }
     } while(BigramListReadWriteUtils::hasNext(bigramFlags));
     return true;
@@ -169,7 +182,7 @@
 // Updates bigram target PtNode positions in the list after the placing step in GC.
 bool DynamicBigramListPolicy::updateAllBigramTargetPtNodePositions(int *const bigramListPos,
         const DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::PtNodePositionRelocationMap *const
-                ptNodePositionRelocationMap) {
+                ptNodePositionRelocationMap, int *const outBigramEntryCount) {
     const bool usesAdditionalBuffer = mBuffer->isInAdditionalBuffer(*bigramListPos);
     if (usesAdditionalBuffer) {
         *bigramListPos -= mBuffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
@@ -211,11 +224,12 @@
             return false;
         }
     } while(BigramListReadWriteUtils::hasNext(bigramFlags));
+    (*outBigramEntryCount) = bigramEntryCount;
     return true;
 }
 
 bool DynamicBigramListPolicy::addNewBigramEntryToBigramList(const int bigramTargetPos,
-        const int probability, int *const bigramListPos) {
+        const int probability, int *const bigramListPos, bool *const outAddedNewBigram) {
     const bool usesAdditionalBuffer = mBuffer->isInAdditionalBuffer(*bigramListPos);
     if (usesAdditionalBuffer) {
         *bigramListPos -= mBuffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
@@ -243,8 +257,15 @@
         }
         if (followBigramLinkAndGetCurrentBigramPtNodePos(originalBigramPos) == bigramTargetPos) {
             // Update this bigram entry.
+            *outAddedNewBigram = false;
+            const int originalProbability = BigramListReadWriteUtils::getProbabilityFromFlags(
+                    bigramFlags);
+            const int probabilityToWrite = mIsDecayingDict ?
+                    DecayingUtils::getUpdatedBigramProbabilityDelta(
+                            originalProbability, probability) : probability;
             const BigramListReadWriteUtils::BigramFlags updatedFlags =
-                    BigramListReadWriteUtils::setProbabilityInFlags(bigramFlags, probability);
+                    BigramListReadWriteUtils::setProbabilityInFlags(bigramFlags,
+                            probabilityToWrite);
             return BigramListReadWriteUtils::writeBigramEntry(mBuffer, updatedFlags,
                     originalBigramPos, &entryPos);
         }
@@ -254,12 +275,14 @@
         // The current last entry is found.
         // First, update the flags of the last entry.
         if (!BigramListReadWriteUtils::setHasNextFlag(mBuffer, true /* hasNext */, entryPos)) {
+            *outAddedNewBigram = false;
             return false;
         }
         if (usesAdditionalBuffer) {
             *bigramListPos += mBuffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
         }
         // Then, add a new entry after the last entry.
+        *outAddedNewBigram = true;
         return writeNewBigramEntry(bigramTargetPos, probability, bigramListPos);
     } while(BigramListReadWriteUtils::hasNext(bigramFlags));
     // We return directly from the while loop.
@@ -270,8 +293,11 @@
 bool DynamicBigramListPolicy::writeNewBigramEntry(const int bigramTargetPos, const int probability,
         int *const writingPos) {
     // hasNext is false because we are adding a new bigram entry at the end of the bigram list.
+    const int probabilityToWrite = mIsDecayingDict ?
+            DecayingUtils::getUpdatedBigramProbabilityDelta(NOT_A_PROBABILITY, probability) :
+                    probability;
     return BigramListReadWriteUtils::createAndWriteBigramEntry(mBuffer, bigramTargetPos,
-            probability, false /* hasNext */, writingPos);
+            probabilityToWrite, false /* hasNext */, writingPos);
 }
 
 bool DynamicBigramListPolicy::removeBigram(const int bigramListPos, const int bigramTargetPos) {
@@ -325,7 +351,7 @@
         nodeReader.fetchNodeInfoInBufferFromPtNodePos(currentPos);
         bigramLinkCount++;
         if (bigramLinkCount > CONTINUING_BIGRAM_LINK_COUNT_LIMIT) {
-            AKLOGE("Bigram link is invalid. start position: %d", bigramPos);
+            AKLOGE("Bigram link is invalid. start position: %d", originalBigramPos);
             ASSERT(false);
             return NOT_A_DICT_POS;
         }
@@ -333,4 +359,33 @@
     return currentPos;
 }
 
+bool DynamicBigramListPolicy::updateProbabilityForDecay(
+        BigramListReadWriteUtils::BigramFlags bigramFlags, const int targetPtNodePos,
+        int *const bigramEntryPos, bool *const outRemoved) const {
+    *outRemoved = false;
+    if (mIsDecayingDict) {
+        // Update bigram probability for decaying.
+        const int newProbability = DecayingUtils::getBigramProbabilityDeltaToSave(
+                BigramListReadWriteUtils::getProbabilityFromFlags(bigramFlags));
+        if (DecayingUtils::isValidBigram(newProbability)) {
+            // Write new probability.
+            const BigramListReadWriteUtils::BigramFlags updatedBigramFlags =
+                    BigramListReadWriteUtils::setProbabilityInFlags(
+                            bigramFlags, newProbability);
+            if (!BigramListReadWriteUtils::writeBigramEntry(mBuffer, updatedBigramFlags,
+                    targetPtNodePos, bigramEntryPos)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Remove current bigram entry.
+            *outRemoved = true;
+            if (!BigramListReadWriteUtils::writeBigramEntry(mBuffer, bigramFlags,
+                    NOT_A_DICT_POS /* targetPtNodePos */, bigramEntryPos)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.h
index 8ea318a..b358b4e 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include "defines.h"
 #include "suggest/core/policy/dictionary_bigrams_structure_policy.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/bigram_list_read_write_utils.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
@@ -34,8 +35,9 @@
 class DynamicBigramListPolicy : public DictionaryBigramsStructurePolicy {
  public:
     DynamicBigramListPolicy(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer,
-            const DictionaryShortcutsStructurePolicy *const shortcutPolicy)
-            : mBuffer(buffer), mShortcutPolicy(shortcutPolicy) {}
+            const DictionaryShortcutsStructurePolicy *const shortcutPolicy,
+            const bool isDecayingDict)
+            : mBuffer(buffer), mShortcutPolicy(shortcutPolicy), mIsDecayingDict(isDecayingDict) {}
 
     ~DynamicBigramListPolicy() {}
 
@@ -50,19 +52,20 @@
     bool copyAllBigrams(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite, int *const fromPos,
             int *const toPos, int *const outBigramsCount) const;
 
-    bool updateAllBigramEntriesAndDeleteUselessEntries(int *const bigramListPos);
+    bool updateAllBigramEntriesAndDeleteUselessEntries(int *const bigramListPos,
+            int *const outBigramEntryCount);
 
     bool updateAllBigramTargetPtNodePositions(int *const bigramListPos,
             const DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::PtNodePositionRelocationMap *const
-                    ptNodePositionRelocationMap);
+                    ptNodePositionRelocationMap, int *const outValidBigramEntryCount);
 
     bool addNewBigramEntryToBigramList(const int bigramTargetPos, const int probability,
-            int *const bigramListPos);
+            int *const bigramListPos, bool *const outAddedNewBigram);
 
     bool writeNewBigramEntry(const int bigramTargetPos, const int probability,
             int *const writingPos);
 
-    // Return if targetBigramPos is found or not.
+    // Return whether or not targetBigramPos is found.
     bool removeBigram(const int bigramListPos, const int bigramTargetPos);
 
  private:
@@ -73,9 +76,13 @@
 
     BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const mBuffer;
     const DictionaryShortcutsStructurePolicy *const mShortcutPolicy;
+    const bool mIsDecayingDict;
 
     // Follow bigram link and return the position of bigram target PtNode that is currently valid.
     int followBigramLinkAndGetCurrentBigramPtNodePos(const int originalBigramPos) const;
+
+    bool updateProbabilityForDecay(BigramListReadWriteUtils::BigramFlags bigramFlags,
+            const int targetPtNodePos, int *const bigramEntryPos, bool *const outRemoved) const;
 };
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif // LATINIME_DYNAMIC_BIGRAM_LIST_POLICY_H
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.cpp
index c60e458..081163a 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.h"
 
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h"
+
 namespace latinime {
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTrieGcEventListeners
@@ -25,6 +27,19 @@
     // PtNode is useless when the PtNode is not a terminal and doesn't have any not useless
     // children.
     bool isUselessPtNode = !node->isTerminal();
+    if (node->isTerminal() && mIsDecayingDict) {
+        const int newProbability =
+                DecayingUtils::getUnigramProbabilityToSave(node->getProbability());
+        int writingPos = node->getProbabilityFieldPos();
+        // Update probability.
+        if (!DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::writeProbabilityAndAdvancePosition(
+                mBuffer, newProbability, &writingPos)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!DecayingUtils::isValidUnigram(newProbability)) {
+            isUselessPtNode = false;
+        }
+    }
     if (mChildrenValue > 0) {
         isUselessPtNode = false;
     } else if (node->isTerminal()) {
@@ -41,7 +56,27 @@
             return false;
         }
     } else {
-        valueStack.back() += 1;
+        mValueStack.back() += 1;
+        if (node->isTerminal()) {
+            mValidUnigramCount += 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool DynamicPatriciaTrieGcEventListeners::TraversePolicyToUpdateBigramProbability
+        ::onVisitingPtNode(const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const node,
+                const int *const nodeCodePoints) {
+    if (!node->isDeleted()) {
+        int pos = node->getBigramsPos();
+        if (pos != NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
+            int bigramEntryCount = 0;
+            if (!mBigramPolicy->updateAllBigramEntriesAndDeleteUselessEntries(&pos,
+                    &bigramEntryCount)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            mValidBigramEntryCount += bigramEntryCount;
+        }
     }
     return true;
 }
@@ -137,10 +172,15 @@
     // Updates bigram target PtNode positions in the bigram list.
     int bigramsPos = node->getBigramsPos();
     if (bigramsPos != NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
+        int bigramEntryCount;
         if (!mBigramPolicy->updateAllBigramTargetPtNodePositions(&bigramsPos,
-                &mDictPositionRelocationMap->mPtNodePositionRelocationMap)) {
+                &mDictPositionRelocationMap->mPtNodePositionRelocationMap, &bigramEntryCount)) {
             return false;
         }
+        mBigramCount += bigramEntryCount;
+    }
+    if (node->isTerminal()) {
+        mUnigramCount++;
     }
 
     return true;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.h
index 4256f22..463715a 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.h
@@ -39,23 +39,23 @@
      public:
         TraversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted(
                 DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper *const writingHelper,
-                BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer)
-                : mWritingHelper(writingHelper), mBuffer(buffer), valueStack(),
-                  mChildrenValue(0) {}
+                BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer, const bool isDecayingDict)
+                : mWritingHelper(writingHelper), mBuffer(buffer), mIsDecayingDict(isDecayingDict),
+                  mValueStack(), mChildrenValue(0), mValidUnigramCount(0) {}
 
         ~TraversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted() {};
 
         bool onAscend() {
-            if (valueStack.empty()) {
+            if (mValueStack.empty()) {
                 return false;
             }
-            mChildrenValue = valueStack.back();
-            valueStack.pop_back();
+            mChildrenValue = mValueStack.back();
+            mValueStack.pop_back();
             return true;
         }
 
         bool onDescend(const int ptNodeArrayPos) {
-            valueStack.push_back(0);
+            mValueStack.push_back(0);
             return true;
         }
 
@@ -64,14 +64,20 @@
         bool onVisitingPtNode(const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const node,
                 const int *const nodeCodePoints);
 
+        int getValidUnigramCount() const {
+            return mValidUnigramCount;
+        }
+
      private:
         DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(
                 TraversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted);
 
         DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper *const mWritingHelper;
         BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const mBuffer;
-        std::vector<int> valueStack;
+        const int mIsDecayingDict;
+        std::vector<int> mValueStack;
         int mChildrenValue;
+        int mValidUnigramCount;
     };
 
     // Updates all bigram entries that are held by valid PtNodes. This removes useless bigram
@@ -80,7 +86,7 @@
             : public DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper::TraversingEventListener {
      public:
         TraversePolicyToUpdateBigramProbability(DynamicBigramListPolicy *const bigramPolicy)
-                : mBigramPolicy(bigramPolicy) {}
+                : mBigramPolicy(bigramPolicy), mValidBigramEntryCount(0) {}
 
         bool onAscend() { return true; }
 
@@ -89,22 +95,17 @@
         bool onReadingPtNodeArrayTail() { return true; }
 
         bool onVisitingPtNode(const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const node,
-                const int *const nodeCodePoints) {
-            if (!node->isDeleted()) {
-                int pos = node->getBigramsPos();
-                if (pos != NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
-                    if (!mBigramPolicy->updateAllBigramEntriesAndDeleteUselessEntries(&pos)) {
-                        return false;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return true;
+                const int *const nodeCodePoints);
+
+        int getValidBigramEntryCount() const {
+            return mValidBigramEntryCount;
         }
 
      private:
         DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(TraversePolicyToUpdateBigramProbability);
 
         DynamicBigramListPolicy *const mBigramPolicy;
+        int mValidBigramEntryCount;
     };
 
     class TraversePolicyToPlaceAndWriteValidPtNodesToBuffer
@@ -150,7 +151,8 @@
                         dictPositionRelocationMap)
                 : mWritingHelper(writingHelper), mBigramPolicy(bigramPolicy),
                   mBufferToWrite(bufferToWrite),
-                  mDictPositionRelocationMap(dictPositionRelocationMap) {};
+                  mDictPositionRelocationMap(dictPositionRelocationMap), mUnigramCount(0),
+                  mBigramCount(0) {};
 
         bool onAscend() { return true; }
 
@@ -161,6 +163,14 @@
         bool onVisitingPtNode(const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const node,
                 const int *const nodeCodePoints);
 
+        int getUnigramCount() const {
+            return mUnigramCount;
+        }
+
+        int getBigramCount() const {
+            return mBigramCount;
+        }
+
      private:
         DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(TraversePolicyToUpdateAllPositionFields);
 
@@ -169,6 +179,8 @@
         BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const mBufferToWrite;
         const DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::DictPositionRelocationMap *const
                 mDictPositionRelocationMap;
+        int mUnigramCount;
+        int mBigramCount;
     };
 
  private:
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_node_reader.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_node_reader.cpp
index 456352c..2fa3111 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_node_reader.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_node_reader.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
 void DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader::fetchPtNodeInfoFromBufferAndProcessMovedPtNode(
         const int ptNodePos, const int maxCodePointCount, int *const outCodePoints) {
     if (ptNodePos < 0 || ptNodePos >= mBuffer->getTailPosition()) {
-        AKLOGE("Fetching PtNode info form invalid dictionary position: %d, dictionary size: %d",
+        // Reading invalid position because of bug or broken dictionary.
+        AKLOGE("Fetching PtNode info from invalid dictionary position: %d, dictionary size: %d",
                 ptNodePos, mBuffer->getTailPosition());
         ASSERT(false);
         invalidatePtNodeInfo();
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.cpp
index 42397c1..0d8c927 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.h"
 
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+
 #include "defines.h"
 #include "suggest/core/dicnode/dic_node.h"
 #include "suggest/core/dicnode/dic_node_vector.h"
@@ -24,10 +28,18 @@
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_utils.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_reading_utils.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/probability_utils.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
 
+const char *const DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::UNIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY = "UNIGRAM_COUNT";
+const char *const DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::BIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY = "BIGRAM_COUNT";
+const int DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::MAX_DICT_EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE = 1024 * 1024;
+const int DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::MIN_DICT_SIZE_TO_REFUSE_DYNAMIC_OPERATIONS =
+        DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::MAX_DICTIONARY_SIZE - 1024;
+const int DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::MIN_SECONDS_TO_REQUIRE_GC_WHEN_WRITING = 2 * 60 * 60;
+
 void DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::createAndGetAllChildNodes(const DicNode *const dicNode,
         DicNodeVector *const childDicNodes) const {
     if (!dicNode->hasChildren()) {
@@ -137,14 +149,17 @@
 
 int DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::getProbability(const int unigramProbability,
         const int bigramProbability) const {
-    // TODO: check mHeaderPolicy.usesForgettingCurve();
-    if (unigramProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
-        return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
-    } else if (bigramProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
-        return ProbabilityUtils::backoff(unigramProbability);
+    if (mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict()) {
+        return DecayingUtils::getProbability(unigramProbability, bigramProbability);
     } else {
-        return ProbabilityUtils::computeProbabilityForBigram(unigramProbability,
-                bigramProbability);
+        if (unigramProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+            return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
+        } else if (bigramProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+            return ProbabilityUtils::backoff(unigramProbability);
+        } else {
+            return ProbabilityUtils::computeProbabilityForBigram(unigramProbability,
+                    bigramProbability);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -193,12 +208,26 @@
         AKLOGI("Warning: addUnigramWord() is called for non-updatable dictionary.");
         return false;
     }
+    if (mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.getTailPosition()
+            >= MIN_DICT_SIZE_TO_REFUSE_DYNAMIC_OPERATIONS) {
+        AKLOGE("The dictionary is too large to dynamically update.");
+        return false;
+    }
     DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper readingHelper(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer,
             getBigramsStructurePolicy(), getShortcutsStructurePolicy());
     readingHelper.initWithPtNodeArrayPos(getRootPosition());
     DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper writingHelper(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer,
-            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy);
-    return writingHelper.addUnigramWord(&readingHelper, word, length, probability);
+            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy, mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict());
+    bool addedNewUnigram = false;
+    if (writingHelper.addUnigramWord(&readingHelper, word, length, probability,
+            &addedNewUnigram)) {
+        if (addedNewUnigram) {
+            mUnigramCount++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::addBigramWords(const int *const word0, const int length0,
@@ -207,6 +236,11 @@
         AKLOGI("Warning: addBigramWords() is called for non-updatable dictionary.");
         return false;
     }
+    if (mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.getTailPosition()
+            >= MIN_DICT_SIZE_TO_REFUSE_DYNAMIC_OPERATIONS) {
+        AKLOGE("The dictionary is too large to dynamically update.");
+        return false;
+    }
     const int word0Pos = getTerminalNodePositionOfWord(word0, length0,
             false /* forceLowerCaseSearch */);
     if (word0Pos == NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
@@ -218,8 +252,16 @@
         return false;
     }
     DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper writingHelper(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer,
-            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy);
-    return writingHelper.addBigramWords(word0Pos, word1Pos, probability);
+            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy, mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict());
+    bool addedNewBigram = false;
+    if (writingHelper.addBigramWords(word0Pos, word1Pos, probability, &addedNewBigram)) {
+        if (addedNewBigram) {
+            mBigramCount++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::removeBigramWords(const int *const word0, const int length0,
@@ -228,6 +270,11 @@
         AKLOGI("Warning: removeBigramWords() is called for non-updatable dictionary.");
         return false;
     }
+    if (mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.getTailPosition()
+            >= MIN_DICT_SIZE_TO_REFUSE_DYNAMIC_OPERATIONS) {
+        AKLOGE("The dictionary is too large to dynamically update.");
+        return false;
+    }
     const int word0Pos = getTerminalNodePositionOfWord(word0, length0,
             false /* forceLowerCaseSearch */);
     if (word0Pos == NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
@@ -239,8 +286,13 @@
         return false;
     }
     DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper writingHelper(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer,
-            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy);
-    return writingHelper.removeBigramWords(word0Pos, word1Pos);
+            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy, mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict());
+    if (writingHelper.removeBigramWords(word0Pos, word1Pos)) {
+        mBigramCount--;
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
 void DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::flush(const char *const filePath) {
@@ -249,8 +301,8 @@
         return;
     }
     DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper writingHelper(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer,
-            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy);
-    writingHelper.writeToDictFile(filePath, &mHeaderPolicy);
+            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy, mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict());
+    writingHelper.writeToDictFile(filePath, &mHeaderPolicy, mUnigramCount, mBigramCount);
 }
 
 void DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::flushWithGC(const char *const filePath) {
@@ -259,17 +311,51 @@
         return;
     }
     DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper writingHelper(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer,
-            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy);
+            &mBigramListPolicy, &mShortcutListPolicy, mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict());
     writingHelper.writeToDictFileWithGC(getRootPosition(), filePath, &mHeaderPolicy);
 }
 
-bool DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::needsToRunGC() const {
+bool DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::needsToRunGC(const bool mindsBlockByGC) const {
     if (!mBuffer->isUpdatable()) {
         AKLOGI("Warning: needsToRunGC() is called for non-updatable dictionary.");
         return false;
     }
-    // TODO: Implement more properly.
-    return mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.isNearSizeLimit();
+    if (mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.isNearSizeLimit()) {
+        // Additional buffer size is near the limit.
+        return true;
+    } else if (mHeaderPolicy.getExtendedRegionSize()
+            + mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.getUsedAdditionalBufferSize()
+                    > MAX_DICT_EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE) {
+        // Total extended region size exceeds the limit.
+        return true;
+    } else if (mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.getTailPosition()
+            >= MIN_DICT_SIZE_TO_REFUSE_DYNAMIC_OPERATIONS
+                    && mBufferWithExtendableBuffer.getUsedAdditionalBufferSize() > 0) {
+        // Needs to reduce dictionary size.
+        return true;
+    } else if (mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict()) {
+        if (mUnigramCount >= DecayingUtils::MAX_UNIGRAM_COUNT) {
+            // Unigram count exceeds the limit.
+            return true;
+        } else if (mBigramCount >= DecayingUtils::MAX_BIGRAM_COUNT) {
+            // Bigram count exceeds the limit.
+            return true;
+        } else if (mindsBlockByGC && mHeaderPolicy.getLastUpdatedTime()
+                + MIN_SECONDS_TO_REQUIRE_GC_WHEN_WRITING < time(0)) {
+            // Time to update probabilities for decaying.
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy::getProperty(const char *const query, char *const outResult,
+        const int maxResultLength) const {
+    if (strncmp(query, UNIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY, maxResultLength) == 0) {
+        snprintf(outResult, maxResultLength, "%d", mUnigramCount);
+    } else if (strncmp(query, BIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY, maxResultLength) == 0) {
+        snprintf(outResult, maxResultLength, "%d", mBigramCount);
+    }
 }
 
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.h
index 06d8095..d3150c6 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_policy.h
@@ -37,7 +37,10 @@
               mBufferWithExtendableBuffer(mBuffer->getBuffer() + mHeaderPolicy.getSize(),
                       mBuffer->getBufferSize() - mHeaderPolicy.getSize()),
               mShortcutListPolicy(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer),
-              mBigramListPolicy(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer, &mShortcutListPolicy) {}
+              mBigramListPolicy(&mBufferWithExtendableBuffer, &mShortcutListPolicy,
+                      mHeaderPolicy.isDecayingDict()),
+              mUnigramCount(mHeaderPolicy.getUnigramCount()),
+              mBigramCount(mHeaderPolicy.getBigramCount()) {}
 
     ~DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy() {
         delete mBuffer;
@@ -89,16 +92,27 @@
 
     void flushWithGC(const char *const filePath);
 
-    bool needsToRunGC() const;
+    bool needsToRunGC(const bool mindsBlockByGC) const;
+
+    void getProperty(const char *const query, char *const outResult,
+            const int maxResultLength) const;
 
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(DynamicPatriciaTriePolicy);
 
+    static const char*const UNIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY;
+    static const char*const BIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY;
+    static const int MAX_DICT_EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE;
+    static const int MIN_DICT_SIZE_TO_REFUSE_DYNAMIC_OPERATIONS;
+    static const int MIN_SECONDS_TO_REQUIRE_GC_WHEN_WRITING;
+
     const MmappedBuffer *const mBuffer;
     const HeaderPolicy mHeaderPolicy;
     BufferWithExtendableBuffer mBufferWithExtendableBuffer;
     DynamicShortcutListPolicy mShortcutListPolicy;
     DynamicBigramListPolicy mBigramListPolicy;
+    int mUnigramCount;
+    int mBigramCount;
 };
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif // LATINIME_DYNAMIC_PATRICIA_TRIE_POLICY_H
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.cpp
index f4a2ef3..601ee66 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.cpp
@@ -155,6 +155,15 @@
 // Read node array size and process empty node arrays. Nodes and arrays are counted up in this
 // method to avoid an infinite loop.
 void DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper::nextPtNodeArray() {
+    if (mReadingState.mPos < 0 || mReadingState.mPos >= mBuffer->getTailPosition()) {
+        // Reading invalid position because of a bug or a broken dictionary.
+        AKLOGE("Reading PtNode array info from invalid dictionary position: %d, dict size: %d",
+                mReadingState.mPos, mBuffer->getTailPosition());
+        ASSERT(false);
+        mIsError = true;
+        mReadingState.mPos = NOT_A_DICT_POS;
+        return;
+    }
     mReadingState.mPosOfLastPtNodeArrayHead = mReadingState.mPos;
     const bool usesAdditionalBuffer = mBuffer->isInAdditionalBuffer(mReadingState.mPos);
     const uint8_t *const dictBuf = mBuffer->getBuffer(usesAdditionalBuffer);
@@ -191,6 +200,15 @@
 
 // Follow the forward link and read the next node array if exists.
 void DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper::followForwardLink() {
+    if (mReadingState.mPos < 0 || mReadingState.mPos >= mBuffer->getTailPosition()) {
+        // Reading invalid position because of bug or broken dictionary.
+        AKLOGE("Reading forward link from invalid dictionary position: %d, dict size: %d",
+                mReadingState.mPos, mBuffer->getTailPosition());
+        ASSERT(false);
+        mIsError = true;
+        mReadingState.mPos = NOT_A_DICT_POS;
+        return;
+    }
     const bool usesAdditionalBuffer = mBuffer->isInAdditionalBuffer(mReadingState.mPos);
     const uint8_t *const dictBuf = mBuffer->getBuffer(usesAdditionalBuffer);
     if (usesAdditionalBuffer) {
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.h
index b033eee..512a4d8 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_reading_helper.h
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@
     static const int MAX_NODE_ARRAY_COUNT_TO_AVOID_INFINITE_LOOP;
     static const size_t MAX_READING_STATE_STACK_SIZE;
 
+    // TODO: Introduce error code to track what caused the error.
     bool mIsError;
     ReadingState mReadingState;
     const BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const mBuffer;
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@
 
     AK_FORCE_INLINE void pushReadingStateToStack() {
         if (mReadingStateStack.size() > MAX_READING_STATE_STACK_SIZE) {
-            AKLOGI("Reading state stack overflow. Max size: %d", MAX_READING_STATE_STACK_SIZE);
+            AKLOGI("Reading state stack overflow. Max size: %zd", MAX_READING_STATE_STACK_SIZE);
             ASSERT(false);
             mIsError = true;
             mReadingState.mPos = NOT_A_DICT_POS;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.cpp
index a51ae5e..28124d2 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,6 @@
 
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h"
 
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/bigram/dynamic_bigram_list_policy.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_gc_event_listeners.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_node_reader.h"
@@ -28,19 +25,20 @@
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_reading_utils.h"
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/shortcut/dynamic_shortcut_list_policy.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.h"
 #include "utils/hash_map_compat.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
 
 const int DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::CHILDREN_POSITION_FIELD_SIZE = 3;
-const char *const DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE =
-        ".tmp";
 // TODO: Make MAX_DICTIONARY_SIZE 8MB.
 const size_t DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::MAX_DICTIONARY_SIZE = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::addUnigramWord(
         DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper *const readingHelper,
-        const int *const wordCodePoints, const int codePointCount, const int probability) {
+        const int *const wordCodePoints, const int codePointCount, const int probability,
+        bool *const outAddedNewUnigram) {
     int parentPos = NOT_A_DICT_POS;
     while (!readingHelper->isEnd()) {
         const int matchedCodePointCount = readingHelper->getPrevTotalCodePointCount();
@@ -58,8 +56,11 @@
             const int nextIndex = matchedCodePointCount + j;
             if (nextIndex >= codePointCount || !readingHelper->isMatchedCodePoint(j,
                     wordCodePoints[matchedCodePointCount + j])) {
+                *outAddedNewUnigram = true;
                 return reallocatePtNodeAndAddNewPtNodes(nodeReader,
-                        readingHelper->getMergedNodeCodePoints(), j, probability,
+                        readingHelper->getMergedNodeCodePoints(), j,
+                        getUpdatedProbability(NOT_A_PROBABILITY /* originalProbability */,
+                                probability),
                         wordCodePoints + matchedCodePointCount,
                         codePointCount - matchedCodePointCount);
             }
@@ -67,10 +68,12 @@
         // All characters are matched.
         if (codePointCount == readingHelper->getTotalCodePointCount()) {
             return setPtNodeProbability(nodeReader, probability,
-                    readingHelper->getMergedNodeCodePoints());
+                    readingHelper->getMergedNodeCodePoints(), outAddedNewUnigram);
         }
         if (!nodeReader->hasChildren()) {
-            return createChildrenPtNodeArrayAndAChildPtNode(nodeReader, probability,
+            *outAddedNewUnigram = true;
+            return createChildrenPtNodeArrayAndAChildPtNode(nodeReader,
+                    getUpdatedProbability(NOT_A_PROBABILITY /* originalProbability */, probability),
                     wordCodePoints + readingHelper->getTotalCodePointCount(),
                     codePointCount - readingHelper->getTotalCodePointCount());
         }
@@ -83,14 +86,15 @@
         return false;
     }
     int pos = readingHelper->getPosOfLastForwardLinkField();
+    *outAddedNewUnigram = true;
     return createAndInsertNodeIntoPtNodeArray(parentPos,
             wordCodePoints + readingHelper->getPrevTotalCodePointCount(),
             codePointCount - readingHelper->getPrevTotalCodePointCount(),
-            probability, &pos);
+            getUpdatedProbability(NOT_A_PROBABILITY /* originalProbability */, probability), &pos);
 }
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::addBigramWords(const int word0Pos, const int word1Pos,
-        const int probability) {
+        const int probability, bool *const outAddedNewBigram) {
     int mMergedNodeCodePoints[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
     DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader nodeReader(mBuffer, mBigramPolicy, mShortcutPolicy);
     nodeReader.fetchNodeInfoInBufferFromPtNodePosAndGetNodeCodePoints(word0Pos, MAX_WORD_LENGTH,
@@ -111,9 +115,11 @@
     if (nodeReader.getBigramsPos() != NOT_A_DICT_POS) {
         // Insert a new bigram entry into the existing bigram list.
         int bigramListPos = nodeReader.getBigramsPos();
-        return mBigramPolicy->addNewBigramEntryToBigramList(word1Pos, probability, &bigramListPos);
+        return mBigramPolicy->addNewBigramEntryToBigramList(word1Pos, probability, &bigramListPos,
+                outAddedNewBigram);
     } else {
         // The PtNode doesn't have a bigram list.
+        *outAddedNewBigram = true;
         // First, Write a bigram entry at the tail position of the PtNode.
         if (!mBigramPolicy->writeNewBigramEntry(word1Pos, probability, &writingPos)) {
             return false;
@@ -142,26 +148,32 @@
 }
 
 void DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::writeToDictFile(const char *const fileName,
-        const HeaderPolicy *const headerPolicy) {
+        const HeaderPolicy *const headerPolicy, const int unigramCount, const int bigramCount) {
     BufferWithExtendableBuffer headerBuffer(0 /* originalBuffer */, 0 /* originalBufferSize */);
-    if (!headerPolicy->writeHeaderToBuffer(&headerBuffer, false /* updatesLastUpdatedTime */)) {
+    const int extendedRegionSize = headerPolicy->getExtendedRegionSize() +
+            mBuffer->getUsedAdditionalBufferSize();
+    if (!headerPolicy->writeHeaderToBuffer(&headerBuffer, false /* updatesLastUpdatedTime */,
+            unigramCount, bigramCount, extendedRegionSize)) {
         return;
     }
-    flushAllToFile(fileName, &headerBuffer, mBuffer);
+    DictFileWritingUtils::flushAllHeaderAndBodyToFile(fileName, &headerBuffer, mBuffer);
 }
 
 void DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::writeToDictFileWithGC(const int rootPtNodeArrayPos,
         const char *const fileName, const HeaderPolicy *const headerPolicy) {
-    BufferWithExtendableBuffer headerBuffer(0 /* originalBuffer */, 0 /* originalBufferSize */);
-    if (!headerPolicy->writeHeaderToBuffer(&headerBuffer, true /* updatesLastUpdatedTime */)) {
-        return;
-    }
     BufferWithExtendableBuffer newDictBuffer(0 /* originalBuffer */, 0 /* originalBufferSize */,
             MAX_DICTIONARY_SIZE);
-    if (!runGC(rootPtNodeArrayPos, &newDictBuffer)) {
+    int unigramCount = 0;
+    int bigramCount = 0;
+    if (!runGC(rootPtNodeArrayPos, &newDictBuffer, &unigramCount, &bigramCount)) {
         return;
     }
-    flushAllToFile(fileName, &headerBuffer, &newDictBuffer);
+    BufferWithExtendableBuffer headerBuffer(0 /* originalBuffer */, 0 /* originalBufferSize */);
+    if (!headerPolicy->writeHeaderToBuffer(&headerBuffer, true /* updatesLastUpdatedTime */,
+            unigramCount, bigramCount, 0 /* extendedRegionSize */)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    DictFileWritingUtils::flushAllHeaderAndBodyToFile(fileName, &headerBuffer, &newDictBuffer);
 }
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::markNodeAsDeleted(
@@ -339,23 +351,28 @@
 
 bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::setPtNodeProbability(
         const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const originalPtNode, const int probability,
-        const int *const codePoints) {
+        const int *const codePoints, bool *const outAddedNewUnigram) {
     if (originalPtNode->isTerminal()) {
         // Overwrites the probability.
+        *outAddedNewUnigram = false;
+        const int probabilityToWrite = getUpdatedProbability(originalPtNode->getProbability(),
+                probability);
         int probabilityFieldPos = originalPtNode->getProbabilityFieldPos();
         if (!DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::writeProbabilityAndAdvancePosition(mBuffer,
-                probability, &probabilityFieldPos)) {
+                probabilityToWrite, &probabilityFieldPos)) {
             return false;
         }
     } else {
         // Make the node terminal and write the probability.
+        *outAddedNewUnigram = true;
         int movedPos = mBuffer->getTailPosition();
         if (!markNodeAsMovedAndSetPosition(originalPtNode, movedPos, movedPos)) {
             return false;
         }
         if (!writePtNodeToBufferByCopyingPtNodeInfo(mBuffer, originalPtNode,
                 originalPtNode->getParentPos(), codePoints, originalPtNode->getCodePointCount(),
-                probability, &movedPos)) {
+                getUpdatedProbability(NOT_A_PROBABILITY /* originalProbability */, probability),
+                &movedPos)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -463,72 +480,23 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-// TODO: Create a struct which contains header, body and etc... and use here as an argument.
-void DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::flushAllToFile(const char *const fileName,
-        BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictHeader,
-        BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictBody) const {
-    const int tmpFileNameBufSize = strlen(fileName)
-            + strlen(TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE) + 1 /* terminator */;
-    // Name of a temporary file used for writing that is a connected string of original name and
-    // TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE.
-    char tmpFileName[tmpFileNameBufSize];
-    snprintf(tmpFileName, tmpFileNameBufSize, "%s%s", fileName,
-            TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE);
-    FILE *const file = fopen(tmpFileName, "wb");
-    if (!file) {
-        AKLOGI("Dictionary file %s cannnot be opened.", tmpFileName);
-        ASSERT(false);
-        return;
-    }
-    // Write the dictionary header.
-    if (!writeBufferToFilePointer(file, dictHeader)) {
-        remove(tmpFileName);
-        AKLOGI("Dictionary header cannnot be written. size: %d", dictHeader->getTailPosition());
-        ASSERT(false);
-        return;
-    }
-    // Write the dictionary body.
-    if (!writeBufferToFilePointer(file, dictBody)) {
-        remove(tmpFileName);
-        AKLOGI("Dictionary body cannnot be written. size: %d", dictBody->getTailPosition());
-        ASSERT(false);
-        return;
-    }
-    fclose(file);
-    rename(tmpFileName, fileName);
-}
-
-// This closes file pointer when an error is caused and returns whether the writing was succeeded
-// or not.
-bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::writeBufferToFilePointer(FILE *const file,
-        const BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer) const {
-    const int originalBufSize = buffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
-    if (originalBufSize > 0 && fwrite(buffer->getBuffer(false /* usesAdditionalBuffer */),
-            originalBufSize, 1, file) < 1) {
-        fclose(file);
-        return false;
-    }
-    const int additionalBufSize = buffer->getTailPosition() - buffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
-    if (additionalBufSize > 0 && fwrite(buffer->getBuffer(true /* usesAdditionalBuffer */),
-            additionalBufSize, 1, file) < 1) {
-        fclose(file);
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
 bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::runGC(const int rootPtNodeArrayPos,
-        BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite) {
+        BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite, int *const outUnigramCount,
+        int *const outBigramCount) {
     DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper readingHelper(mBuffer, mBigramPolicy, mShortcutPolicy);
     readingHelper.initWithPtNodeArrayPos(rootPtNodeArrayPos);
     DynamicPatriciaTrieGcEventListeners
             ::TraversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted
                     traversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted(
-                            this, mBuffer);
+                            this, mBuffer, mIsDecayingDict);
     if (!readingHelper.traverseAllPtNodesInPostorderDepthFirstManner(
             &traversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted)) {
         return false;
     }
+    if (mIsDecayingDict && traversePolicyToUpdateUnigramProbabilityAndMarkUselessPtNodesAsDeleted
+            .getValidUnigramCount() > DecayingUtils::MAX_UNIGRAM_COUNT_AFTER_GC) {
+        // TODO: Remove more unigrams.
+    }
 
     readingHelper.initWithPtNodeArrayPos(rootPtNodeArrayPos);
     DynamicPatriciaTrieGcEventListeners::TraversePolicyToUpdateBigramProbability
@@ -538,6 +506,11 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    if (mIsDecayingDict && traversePolicyToUpdateBigramProbability.getValidBigramEntryCount()
+            > DecayingUtils::MAX_BIGRAM_COUNT_AFTER_GC) {
+        // TODO: Remove more bigrams.
+    }
+
     // Mapping from positions in mBuffer to positions in bufferToWrite.
     DictPositionRelocationMap dictPositionRelocationMap;
     readingHelper.initWithPtNodeArrayPos(rootPtNodeArrayPos);
@@ -551,7 +524,8 @@
 
     // Create policy instance for the GCed dictionary.
     DynamicShortcutListPolicy newDictShortcutPolicy(bufferToWrite);
-    DynamicBigramListPolicy newDictBigramPolicy(bufferToWrite, &newDictShortcutPolicy);
+    DynamicBigramListPolicy newDictBigramPolicy(bufferToWrite, &newDictShortcutPolicy,
+            mIsDecayingDict);
     // Create reading helper for the GCed dictionary.
     DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper newDictReadingHelper(bufferToWrite, &newDictBigramPolicy,
             &newDictShortcutPolicy);
@@ -563,7 +537,18 @@
             &traversePolicyToUpdateAllPositionFields)) {
         return false;
     }
+    *outUnigramCount = traversePolicyToUpdateAllPositionFields.getUnigramCount();
+    *outBigramCount = traversePolicyToUpdateAllPositionFields.getBigramCount();
     return true;
 }
 
+int DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper::getUpdatedProbability(const int originalProbability,
+        const int newProbability) {
+    if (mIsDecayingDict) {
+        return DecayingUtils::getUpdatedUnigramProbability(originalProbability, newProbability);
+    } else {
+        return newProbability;
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h
index 028fa60..ecee2cd 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_helper.h
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef LATINIME_DYNAMIC_PATRICIA_TRIE_WRITING_HELPER_H
 #define LATINIME_DYNAMIC_PATRICIA_TRIE_WRITING_HELPER_H
 
-#include <cstdio>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include "defines.h"
@@ -48,24 +47,30 @@
         DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(DictPositionRelocationMap);
     };
 
+    static const size_t MAX_DICTIONARY_SIZE;
+
     DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer,
             DynamicBigramListPolicy *const bigramPolicy,
-            DynamicShortcutListPolicy *const shortcutPolicy)
-            : mBuffer(buffer), mBigramPolicy(bigramPolicy), mShortcutPolicy(shortcutPolicy) {}
+            DynamicShortcutListPolicy *const shortcutPolicy, const bool isDecayingDict)
+            : mBuffer(buffer), mBigramPolicy(bigramPolicy), mShortcutPolicy(shortcutPolicy),
+              mIsDecayingDict(isDecayingDict) {}
 
     ~DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper() {}
 
     // Add a word to the dictionary. If the word already exists, update the probability.
     bool addUnigramWord(DynamicPatriciaTrieReadingHelper *const readingHelper,
-            const int *const wordCodePoints, const int codePointCount, const int probability);
+            const int *const wordCodePoints, const int codePointCount, const int probability,
+            bool *const outAddedNewUnigram);
 
     // Add a bigram relation from word0Pos to word1Pos.
-    bool addBigramWords(const int word0Pos, const int word1Pos, const int probability);
+    bool addBigramWords(const int word0Pos, const int word1Pos, const int probability,
+            bool *const outAddedNewBigram);
 
     // Remove a bigram relation from word0Pos to word1Pos.
     bool removeBigramWords(const int word0Pos, const int word1Pos);
 
-    void writeToDictFile(const char *const fileName, const HeaderPolicy *const headerPolicy);
+    void writeToDictFile(const char *const fileName, const HeaderPolicy *const headerPolicy,
+            const int unigramCount, const int bigramCount);
 
     void writeToDictFileWithGC(const int rootPtNodeArrayPos, const char *const fileName,
             const HeaderPolicy *const headerPolicy);
@@ -85,12 +90,11 @@
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingHelper);
 
     static const int CHILDREN_POSITION_FIELD_SIZE;
-    static const char *const TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE;
-    static const size_t MAX_DICTIONARY_SIZE;
 
     BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const mBuffer;
     DynamicBigramListPolicy *const mBigramPolicy;
     DynamicShortcutListPolicy *const mShortcutPolicy;
+    const bool mIsDecayingDict;
 
     bool markNodeAsMovedAndSetPosition(const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const nodeToUpdate,
             const int movedPos, const int bigramLinkedNodePos);
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@
             const int nodeCodePointCount, const int probability, int *const forwardLinkFieldPos);
 
     bool setPtNodeProbability(const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const originalNode,
-            const int probability, const int *const codePoints);
+            const int probability, const int *const codePoints, bool *const outAddedNewUnigram);
 
     bool createChildrenPtNodeArrayAndAChildPtNode(
             const DynamicPatriciaTrieNodeReader *const parentNode, const int probability,
@@ -124,14 +128,10 @@
             const int probabilityOfNewPtNode, const int *const newNodeCodePoints,
             const int newNodeCodePointCount);
 
-    void flushAllToFile(const char *const fileName,
-            BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictHeader,
-            BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictBody) const;
+    bool runGC(const int rootPtNodeArrayPos, BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite,
+            int *const outUnigramCount, int *const outBigramCount);
 
-    bool writeBufferToFilePointer(FILE *const file,
-            const BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer) const;
-
-    bool runGC(const int rootPtNodeArrayPos, BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite);
+    int getUpdatedProbability(const int originalProbability, const int newProbability);
 };
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif /* LATINIME_DYNAMIC_PATRICIA_TRIE_WRITING_HELPER_H */
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.cpp
index 5a39837..30ff10c 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@
 const int DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::PROBABILITY_FIELD_SIZE = 1;
 const int DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::NODE_FLAG_FIELD_SIZE = 1;
 
+/* static */ bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::writeEmptyDictionary(
+        BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer, const int rootPos) {
+    int writingPos = rootPos;
+    if (!writePtNodeArraySizeAndAdvancePosition(buffer, 0 /* arraySize */, &writingPos)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return writeForwardLinkPositionAndAdvancePosition(buffer, NOT_A_DICT_POS /* forwardLinkPos */,
+            &writingPos);
+}
+
 /* static */ bool DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::writeForwardLinkPositionAndAdvancePosition(
         BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer, const int forwardLinkPos,
         int *const forwardLinkFieldPos) {
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.h
index a37e9fb..af76bc6 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.h
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
  public:
     static const int NODE_FLAG_FIELD_SIZE;
 
+    static bool writeEmptyDictionary(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer, const int rootPos);
+
     static bool writeForwardLinkPositionAndAdvancePosition(
             BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer, const int forwardLinkPos,
             int *const forwardLinkFieldPos);
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.cpp
index 47ace23..9ce9994 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.cpp
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@
 
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h"
 
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <ctime>
-
 namespace latinime {
 
+// Note that these are corresponding definitions in Java side in FormatSpec.FileHeader.
 const char *const HeaderPolicy::MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE_KEY = "MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE";
-const char *const HeaderPolicy::USES_FORGETTING_CURVE_KEY = "USES_FORGETTING_CURVE";
+// TODO: Change attribute string to "IS_DECAYING_DICT".
+const char *const HeaderPolicy::IS_DECAYING_DICT_KEY = "USES_FORGETTING_CURVE";
 const char *const HeaderPolicy::LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY = "date";
-const float HeaderPolicy::DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER = 1.0f;
+const char *const HeaderPolicy::UNIGRAM_COUNT_KEY = "UNIGRAM_COUNT";
+const char *const HeaderPolicy::BIGRAM_COUNT_KEY = "BIGRAM_COUNT";
+const char *const HeaderPolicy::EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE_KEY = "EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE";
+const int HeaderPolicy::DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE = 100;
 const float HeaderPolicy::MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER_SCALE = 100.0f;
 
 // Used for logging. Question mark is used to indicate that the key is not found.
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@
         return;
     }
     std::vector<int> keyCodePointVector;
-    insertCharactersIntoVector(key, &keyCodePointVector);
+    HeaderReadWriteUtils::insertCharactersIntoVector(key, &keyCodePointVector);
     HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap::const_iterator it = mAttributeMap.find(keyCodePointVector);
     if (it == mAttributeMap.end()) {
         // The key was not found.
@@ -53,51 +54,17 @@
 }
 
 float HeaderPolicy::readMultipleWordCostMultiplier() const {
-    int attributeValue = 0;
-    if (getAttributeValueAsInt(MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE_KEY, &attributeValue)) {
-        if (attributeValue <= 0) {
-            return static_cast<float>(MAX_VALUE_FOR_WEIGHTING);
-        }
-        return MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER_SCALE / static_cast<float>(attributeValue);
-    } else {
-        return DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER;
+    const int demotionRate = HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+            MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE_KEY, DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE);
+    if (demotionRate <= 0) {
+        return static_cast<float>(MAX_VALUE_FOR_WEIGHTING);
     }
-}
-
-bool HeaderPolicy::readUsesForgettingCurveFlag() const {
-    int attributeValue = 0;
-    if (getAttributeValueAsInt(USES_FORGETTING_CURVE_KEY, &attributeValue)) {
-        return attributeValue != 0;
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-// Returns S_INT_MIN when the key is not found or the value is invalid.
-int HeaderPolicy::readLastUpdatedTime() const {
-    int attributeValue = 0;
-    if (getAttributeValueAsInt(LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY, &attributeValue)) {
-        return attributeValue;
-    } else {
-        return S_INT_MIN;
-    }
-}
-
-// Returns whether the key is found or not and stores the found value into outValue.
-bool HeaderPolicy::getAttributeValueAsInt(const char *const key, int *const outValue) const {
-    std::vector<int> keyVector;
-    insertCharactersIntoVector(key, &keyVector);
-    HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap::const_iterator it = mAttributeMap.find(keyVector);
-    if (it == mAttributeMap.end()) {
-        // The key was not found.
-        return false;
-    }
-    *outValue = parseIntAttributeValue(&(it->second));
-    return true;
+    return MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER_SCALE / static_cast<float>(demotionRate);
 }
 
 bool HeaderPolicy::writeHeaderToBuffer(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite,
-        const bool updatesLastUpdatedTime) const {
+        const bool updatesLastUpdatedTime, const int unigramCount, const int bigramCount,
+        const int extendedRegionSize) const {
     int writingPos = 0;
     if (!HeaderReadWriteUtils::writeDictionaryVersion(bufferToWrite, mDictFormatVersion,
             &writingPos)) {
@@ -113,26 +80,19 @@
             &writingPos)) {
         return false;
     }
+    HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap attributeMapTowrite(mAttributeMap);
+    HeaderReadWriteUtils::setIntAttribute(&attributeMapTowrite, UNIGRAM_COUNT_KEY, unigramCount);
+    HeaderReadWriteUtils::setIntAttribute(&attributeMapTowrite, BIGRAM_COUNT_KEY, bigramCount);
+    HeaderReadWriteUtils::setIntAttribute(&attributeMapTowrite, EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE_KEY,
+            extendedRegionSize);
     if (updatesLastUpdatedTime) {
         // Set current time as a last updated time.
-        HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap attributeMapTowrite(mAttributeMap);
-        std::vector<int> updatedTimekey;
-        insertCharactersIntoVector(LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY, &updatedTimekey);
-        const time_t currentTime = time(NULL);
-        std::vector<int> updatedTimeValue;
-        char charBuf[LARGEST_INT_DIGIT_COUNT + 1];
-        snprintf(charBuf, LARGEST_INT_DIGIT_COUNT + 1, "%ld", currentTime);
-        insertCharactersIntoVector(charBuf, &updatedTimeValue);
-        attributeMapTowrite[updatedTimekey] = updatedTimeValue;
-        if (!HeaderReadWriteUtils::writeHeaderAttributes(bufferToWrite, &attributeMapTowrite,
-                &writingPos)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        if (!HeaderReadWriteUtils::writeHeaderAttributes(bufferToWrite, &mAttributeMap,
-                &writingPos)) {
-            return false;
-        }
+        HeaderReadWriteUtils::setIntAttribute(&attributeMapTowrite, LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY,
+                time(0));
+    }
+    if (!HeaderReadWriteUtils::writeHeaderAttributes(bufferToWrite, &attributeMapTowrite,
+            &writingPos)) {
+        return false;
     }
     // Writes an actual header size.
     if (!HeaderReadWriteUtils::writeDictionaryHeaderSize(bufferToWrite, writingPos,
@@ -149,30 +109,4 @@
     return attributeMap;
 }
 
-/* static */ int HeaderPolicy::parseIntAttributeValue(
-        const std::vector<int> *const attributeValue) {
-    int value = 0;
-    bool isNegative = false;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < attributeValue->size(); ++i) {
-        if (i == 0 && attributeValue->at(i) == '-') {
-            isNegative = true;
-        } else {
-            if (!isdigit(attributeValue->at(i))) {
-                // If not a number, return S_INT_MIN
-                return S_INT_MIN;
-            }
-            value *= 10;
-            value += attributeValue->at(i) - '0';
-        }
-    }
-    return isNegative ? -value : value;
-}
-
-/* static */ void HeaderPolicy::insertCharactersIntoVector(const char *const characters,
-        std::vector<int> *const vector) {
-    for (int i = 0; characters[i]; ++i) {
-        vector->push_back(characters[i]);
-    }
-}
-
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h
index 6b396f3..4261667 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef LATINIME_HEADER_POLICY_H
 #define LATINIME_HEADER_POLICY_H
 
-#include <cctype>
+#include <ctime>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include "defines.h"
@@ -29,15 +29,36 @@
 
 class HeaderPolicy : public DictionaryHeaderStructurePolicy {
  public:
-    explicit HeaderPolicy(const uint8_t *const dictBuf, const int dictSize)
-            : mDictBuf(dictBuf),
-              mDictFormatVersion(FormatUtils::detectFormatVersion(dictBuf, dictSize)),
+    // Reads information from existing dictionary buffer.
+    HeaderPolicy(const uint8_t *const dictBuf, const int dictSize)
+            : mDictFormatVersion(FormatUtils::detectFormatVersion(dictBuf, dictSize)),
               mDictionaryFlags(HeaderReadWriteUtils::getFlags(dictBuf)),
               mSize(HeaderReadWriteUtils::getHeaderSize(dictBuf)),
-              mAttributeMap(createAttributeMapAndReadAllAttributes(mDictBuf)),
+              mAttributeMap(createAttributeMapAndReadAllAttributes(dictBuf)),
               mMultiWordCostMultiplier(readMultipleWordCostMultiplier()),
-              mUsesForgettingCurve(readUsesForgettingCurveFlag()),
-              mLastUpdatedTime(readLastUpdatedTime()) {}
+              mIsDecayingDict(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readBoolAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      IS_DECAYING_DICT_KEY, false /* defaultValue */)),
+              mLastUpdatedTime(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY, time(0) /* defaultValue */)),
+              mUnigramCount(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      UNIGRAM_COUNT_KEY, 0 /* defaultValue */)),
+              mBigramCount(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      BIGRAM_COUNT_KEY, 0 /* defaultValue */)),
+              mExtendedRegionSize(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE_KEY, 0 /* defaultValue */)) {}
+
+    // Constructs header information using an attribute map.
+    HeaderPolicy(const FormatUtils::FORMAT_VERSION dictFormatVersion,
+            const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap)
+            : mDictFormatVersion(dictFormatVersion),
+              mDictionaryFlags(HeaderReadWriteUtils::createAndGetDictionaryFlagsUsingAttributeMap(
+                      attributeMap)), mSize(0), mAttributeMap(*attributeMap),
+              mMultiWordCostMultiplier(readMultipleWordCostMultiplier()),
+              mIsDecayingDict(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readBoolAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      IS_DECAYING_DICT_KEY, false /* defaultValue */)),
+              mLastUpdatedTime(HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(&mAttributeMap,
+                      LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY, time(0) /* defaultValue */)),
+              mUnigramCount(0), mBigramCount(0), mExtendedRegionSize(0) {}
 
     ~HeaderPolicy() {}
 
@@ -61,53 +82,60 @@
         return mMultiWordCostMultiplier;
     }
 
-    AK_FORCE_INLINE bool usesForgettingCurve() const {
-        return mUsesForgettingCurve;
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE bool isDecayingDict() const {
+        return mIsDecayingDict;
     }
 
     AK_FORCE_INLINE int getLastUpdatedTime() const {
         return mLastUpdatedTime;
     }
 
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE int getUnigramCount() const {
+        return mUnigramCount;
+    }
+
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE int getBigramCount() const {
+        return mBigramCount;
+    }
+
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE int getExtendedRegionSize() const {
+        return mExtendedRegionSize;
+    }
+
     void readHeaderValueOrQuestionMark(const char *const key,
             int *outValue, int outValueSize) const;
 
     bool writeHeaderToBuffer(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const bufferToWrite,
-            const bool updatesLastUpdatedTime) const;
+            const bool updatesLastUpdatedTime, const int unigramCount,
+            const int bigramCount, const int extendedRegionSize) const;
 
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(HeaderPolicy);
 
     static const char *const MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE_KEY;
-    static const char *const USES_FORGETTING_CURVE_KEY;
+    static const char *const IS_DECAYING_DICT_KEY;
     static const char *const LAST_UPDATED_TIME_KEY;
-    static const float DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER;
+    static const char *const UNIGRAM_COUNT_KEY;
+    static const char *const BIGRAM_COUNT_KEY;
+    static const char *const EXTENDED_REGION_SIZE_KEY;
+    static const int DEFAULT_MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE;
     static const float MULTIPLE_WORD_COST_MULTIPLIER_SCALE;
 
-    const uint8_t *const mDictBuf;
     const FormatUtils::FORMAT_VERSION mDictFormatVersion;
     const HeaderReadWriteUtils::DictionaryFlags mDictionaryFlags;
     const int mSize;
     HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap mAttributeMap;
     const float mMultiWordCostMultiplier;
-    const bool mUsesForgettingCurve;
+    const bool mIsDecayingDict;
     const int mLastUpdatedTime;
+    const int mUnigramCount;
+    const int mBigramCount;
+    const int mExtendedRegionSize;
 
     float readMultipleWordCostMultiplier() const;
 
-    bool readUsesForgettingCurveFlag() const;
-
-    int readLastUpdatedTime() const;
-
-    bool getAttributeValueAsInt(const char *const key, int *const outValue) const;
-
     static HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap createAttributeMapAndReadAllAttributes(
             const uint8_t *const dictBuf);
-
-    static int parseIntAttributeValue(const std::vector<int> *const attributeValue);
-
-    static void insertCharactersIntoVector(
-            const char *const characters, std::vector<int> *const vector);
 };
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif /* LATINIME_HEADER_POLICY_H */
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.cpp
index 80fe886..2694ce8 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.h"
 
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdio>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "defines.h"
@@ -43,6 +45,13 @@
 const HeaderReadWriteUtils::DictionaryFlags
         HeaderReadWriteUtils::FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_FLAG = 0x4;
 
+// Note that these are corresponding definitions in Java side in FormatSpec.FileHeader.
+const char *const HeaderReadWriteUtils::SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_KEY = "SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE";
+const char *const HeaderReadWriteUtils::REQUIRES_GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_KEY =
+        "REQUIRES_GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING";
+const char *const HeaderReadWriteUtils::REQUIRES_FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_KEY =
+        "REQUIRES_FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING";
+
 /* static */ int HeaderReadWriteUtils::getHeaderSize(const uint8_t *const dictBuf) {
     // See the format of the header in the comment in
     // BinaryDictionaryFormatUtils::detectFormatVersion()
@@ -56,6 +65,22 @@
             HEADER_MAGIC_NUMBER_SIZE + HEADER_DICTIONARY_VERSION_SIZE);
 }
 
+/* static */ HeaderReadWriteUtils::DictionaryFlags
+        HeaderReadWriteUtils::createAndGetDictionaryFlagsUsingAttributeMap(
+                const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap) {
+    const bool requiresGermanUmlautProcessing = readBoolAttributeValue(attributeMap,
+            REQUIRES_GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_KEY, false /* defaultValue */);
+    const bool requiresFrenchLigatureProcessing = readBoolAttributeValue(attributeMap,
+            REQUIRES_FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_KEY, false /* defaultValue */);
+    const bool supportsDynamicUpdate = readBoolAttributeValue(attributeMap,
+            SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_KEY, false /* defaultValue */);
+    DictionaryFlags dictflags = NO_FLAGS;
+    dictflags |= requiresGermanUmlautProcessing ? GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_FLAG : 0;
+    dictflags |= requiresFrenchLigatureProcessing ? FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_FLAG : 0;
+    dictflags |= supportsDynamicUpdate ? SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_FLAG : 0;
+    return dictflags;
+}
+
 /* static */ void HeaderReadWriteUtils::fetchAllHeaderAttributes(const uint8_t *const dictBuf,
         AttributeMap *const headerAttributes) {
     const int headerSize = getHeaderSize(dictBuf);
@@ -128,4 +153,72 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+/* static */ void HeaderReadWriteUtils::setBoolAttribute(AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+        const char *const key, const bool value) {
+    setIntAttribute(headerAttributes, key, value ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+/* static */ void HeaderReadWriteUtils::setIntAttribute(AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+        const char *const key, const int value) {
+    AttributeMap::key_type keyVector;
+    insertCharactersIntoVector(key, &keyVector);
+    setIntAttributeInner(headerAttributes, &keyVector, value);
+}
+
+/* static */ void HeaderReadWriteUtils::setIntAttributeInner(AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+        const AttributeMap::key_type *const key, const int value) {
+    AttributeMap::mapped_type valueVector;
+    char charBuf[LARGEST_INT_DIGIT_COUNT + 1];
+    snprintf(charBuf, LARGEST_INT_DIGIT_COUNT + 1, "%d", value);
+    insertCharactersIntoVector(charBuf, &valueVector);
+    (*headerAttributes)[*key] = valueVector;
+}
+
+/* static */ bool HeaderReadWriteUtils::readBoolAttributeValue(
+        const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes, const char *const key,
+        const bool defaultValue) {
+    const int intDefaultValue = defaultValue ? 1 : 0;
+    const int intValue = readIntAttributeValue(headerAttributes, key, intDefaultValue);
+    return intValue != 0;
+}
+
+/* static */ int HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValue(
+        const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes, const char *const key,
+        const int defaultValue) {
+    AttributeMap::key_type keyVector;
+    insertCharactersIntoVector(key, &keyVector);
+    return readIntAttributeValueInner(headerAttributes, &keyVector, defaultValue);
+}
+
+/* static */ int HeaderReadWriteUtils::readIntAttributeValueInner(
+        const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes, const AttributeMap::key_type *const key,
+        const int defaultValue) {
+    AttributeMap::const_iterator it = headerAttributes->find(*key);
+    if (it != headerAttributes->end()) {
+        int value = 0;
+        bool isNegative = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < it->second.size(); ++i) {
+            if (i == 0 && it->second.at(i) == '-') {
+                isNegative = true;
+            } else {
+                if (!isdigit(it->second.at(i))) {
+                    // If not a number.
+                    return defaultValue;
+                }
+                value *= 10;
+                value += it->second.at(i) - '0';
+            }
+        }
+        return isNegative ? -value : value;
+    }
+    return defaultValue;
+}
+
+/* static */ void HeaderReadWriteUtils::insertCharactersIntoVector(const char *const characters,
+        std::vector<int> *const vector) {
+    for (int i = 0; characters[i]; ++i) {
+        vector->push_back(characters[i]);
+    }
+}
+
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.h
index 6cce733..2259683 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.h
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
                 + HEADER_SIZE_FIELD_SIZE;
     }
 
+    static DictionaryFlags createAndGetDictionaryFlagsUsingAttributeMap(
+            const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap);
+
     static void fetchAllHeaderAttributes(const uint8_t *const dictBuf,
             AttributeMap *const headerAttributes);
 
@@ -69,6 +72,24 @@
     static bool writeHeaderAttributes(BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer,
             const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes, int *const writingPos);
 
+    /**
+     * Methods for header attributes.
+     */
+    static void setBoolAttribute(AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+            const char *const key, const bool value);
+
+    static void setIntAttribute(AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+            const char *const key, const int value);
+
+    static bool readBoolAttributeValue(const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+            const char *const key, const bool defaultValue);
+
+    static int readIntAttributeValue(const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+            const char *const key, const int defaultValue);
+
+    static void insertCharactersIntoVector(const char *const characters,
+            AttributeMap::key_type *const key);
+
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(HeaderReadWriteUtils);
 
@@ -87,7 +108,16 @@
     static const DictionaryFlags GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_FLAG;
     static const DictionaryFlags SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_FLAG;
     static const DictionaryFlags FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_FLAG;
-    static const DictionaryFlags CONTAINS_BIGRAMS_FLAG;
+
+    static const char *const SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_KEY;
+    static const char *const REQUIRES_GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_KEY;
+    static const char *const REQUIRES_FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_KEY;
+
+    static void setIntAttributeInner(AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+            const AttributeMap::key_type *const key, const int value);
+
+    static int readIntAttributeValueInner(const AttributeMap *const headerAttributes,
+            const AttributeMap::key_type *const key, const int defaultValue);
 };
 }
 #endif /* LATINIME_HEADER_READ_WRITE_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.cpp
index 5269795..8a84bd2 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.cpp
@@ -31,9 +31,21 @@
         return;
     }
     int nextPos = dicNode->getChildrenPos();
+    if (nextPos < 0 || nextPos >= mDictBufferSize) {
+        AKLOGE("Children PtNode array position is invalid. pos: %d, dict size: %d",
+                nextPos, mDictBufferSize);
+        ASSERT(false);
+        return;
+    }
     const int childCount = PatriciaTrieReadingUtils::getPtNodeArraySizeAndAdvancePosition(
             mDictRoot, &nextPos);
     for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
+        if (nextPos < 0 || nextPos >= mDictBufferSize) {
+            AKLOGE("Child PtNode position is invalid. pos: %d, dict size: %d, childCount: %d / %d",
+                    nextPos, mDictBufferSize, i, childCount);
+            ASSERT(false);
+            return;
+        }
         nextPos = createAndGetLeavingChildNode(dicNode, nextPos, childDicNodes);
     }
 }
@@ -404,6 +416,11 @@
     if (PatriciaTrieReadingUtils::hasBigrams(flags)) {
         getBigramsStructurePolicy()->skipAllBigrams(&pos);
     }
+    if (mergedNodeCodePointCount <= 0) {
+        AKLOGE("Empty PtNode is not allowed. Code point count: %d", mergedNodeCodePointCount);
+        ASSERT(false);
+        return pos;
+    }
     childDicNodes->pushLeavingChild(dicNode, ptNodePos, childrenPos, probability,
             PatriciaTrieReadingUtils::isTerminal(flags),
             PatriciaTrieReadingUtils::hasChildrenInFlags(flags),
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.h
index 19155f9..8d88c68 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_policy.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     PatriciaTriePolicy(const MmappedBuffer *const buffer)
             : mBuffer(buffer), mHeaderPolicy(mBuffer->getBuffer(), buffer->getBufferSize()),
               mDictRoot(mBuffer->getBuffer() + mHeaderPolicy.getSize()),
+              mDictBufferSize(mBuffer->getBufferSize() - mHeaderPolicy.getSize()),
               mBigramListPolicy(mDictRoot), mShortcutListPolicy(mDictRoot) {}
 
     ~PatriciaTriePolicy() {
@@ -106,18 +107,27 @@
         AKLOGI("Warning: flushWithGC() is called for non-updatable dictionary.");
     }
 
-    bool needsToRunGC() const {
+    bool needsToRunGC(const bool mindsBlockByGC) const {
         // This method should not be called for non-updatable dictionary.
         AKLOGI("Warning: needsToRunGC() is called for non-updatable dictionary.");
         return false;
     }
 
+    void getProperty(const char *const query, char *const outResult,
+            const int maxResultLength) const {
+        // getProperty is not supported for this class.
+        if (maxResultLength > 0) {
+            outResult[0] = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(PatriciaTriePolicy);
 
     const MmappedBuffer *const mBuffer;
     const HeaderPolicy mHeaderPolicy;
     const uint8_t *const mDictRoot;
+    const int mDictBufferSize;
     const BigramListPolicy mBigramListPolicy;
     const ShortcutListPolicy mShortcutListPolicy;
 
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_reading_utils.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_reading_utils.cpp
index 1316b42..7df5581 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_reading_utils.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/patricia_trie_reading_utils.cpp
@@ -71,8 +71,17 @@
         length = ByteArrayUtils::readStringAndAdvancePosition(buffer, maxLength, outBuffer,
                 pos);
     } else {
-        if (maxLength > 0) {
-            outBuffer[0] = getCodePointAndAdvancePosition(buffer, pos);
+        const int codePoint = getCodePointAndAdvancePosition(buffer, pos);
+        if (codePoint == NOT_A_CODE_POINT) {
+            // CAVEAT: codePoint == NOT_A_CODE_POINT means the code point is
+            // CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR. The code point must not be CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR
+            // when the PtNode has a single code point.
+            length = 0;
+            AKLOGE("codePoint is NOT_A_CODE_POINT. pos: %d, codePoint: 0x%x, buffer[pos - 1]: 0x%x",
+                    *pos - 1, codePoint, buffer[*pos - 1]);
+            ASSERT(false);
+        } else if (maxLength > 0) {
+            outBuffer[0] = codePoint;
             length = 1;
         }
     }
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/buffer_with_extendable_buffer.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/buffer_with_extendable_buffer.h
index 17d2e39..9dc3482 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/buffer_with_extendable_buffer.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/buffer_with_extendable_buffer.h
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
         return mOriginalBufferSize + mUsedAdditionalBufferSize;
     }
 
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE int getUsedAdditionalBufferSize() const {
+        return mUsedAdditionalBufferSize;
+    }
+
     /**
      * For reading.
      */
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..942a742
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h"
+
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/probability_utils.h"
+
+namespace latinime {
+
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_UNIGRAM_COUNT = 12000;
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_UNIGRAM_COUNT_AFTER_GC = 10000;
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_BIGRAM_COUNT = 12000;
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_BIGRAM_COUNT_AFTER_GC = 10000;
+
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_COMPUTED_PROBABILITY = 127;
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY = 120;
+const int DecayingUtils::MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY = 24;
+const int DecayingUtils::UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_STEP = 8;
+const int DecayingUtils::MAX_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA = 15;
+const int DecayingUtils::MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA = 3;
+const int DecayingUtils::BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA_STEP = 1;
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::getProbability(const int encodedUnigramProbability,
+        const int encodedBigramProbabilityDelta) {
+    if (encodedUnigramProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+        return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
+    } else if (encodedBigramProbabilityDelta == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+        const int rawProbability = ProbabilityUtils::backoff(decodeUnigramProbability(
+                encodedUnigramProbability));
+        return min(getDecayedProbability(rawProbability), MAX_COMPUTED_PROBABILITY);
+    } else {
+        const int rawProbability = ProbabilityUtils::computeProbabilityForBigram(
+                decodeUnigramProbability(encodedUnigramProbability),
+                decodeBigramProbabilityDelta(encodedBigramProbabilityDelta));
+        return min(getDecayedProbability(rawProbability), MAX_COMPUTED_PROBABILITY);
+    }
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::getUpdatedUnigramProbability(const int originalEncodedProbability,
+        const int newProbability) {
+    if (originalEncodedProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+        // The unigram is not in this dictionary.
+        if (newProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+            // The unigram is not in other dictionaries.
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (newProbability != NOT_A_PROBABILITY
+                && originalEncodedProbability < MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY) {
+            return MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY;
+        }
+        return min(originalEncodedProbability + UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_STEP, MAX_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY);
+    }
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::getUnigramProbabilityToSave(const int encodedProbability) {
+    return max(encodedProbability - UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_STEP, 0);
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::getBigramProbabilityDeltaToSave(const int encodedProbabilityDelta) {
+    return max(encodedProbabilityDelta - BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA_STEP, 0);
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::getUpdatedBigramProbabilityDelta(
+        const int originalEncodedProbabilityDelta, const int newProbability) {
+    if (originalEncodedProbabilityDelta == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+        // The bigram relation is not in this dictionary.
+        if (newProbability == NOT_A_PROBABILITY) {
+            // The bigram target is not in other dictionaries.
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (newProbability != NOT_A_PROBABILITY
+                && originalEncodedProbabilityDelta < MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA) {
+            return MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA;
+        }
+        return min(originalEncodedProbabilityDelta + BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA_STEP,
+                MAX_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA);
+    }
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::isValidUnigram(const int encodedUnigramProbability) {
+    return encodedUnigramProbability >= MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY;
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::isValidBigram(const int encodedBigramProbabilityDelta) {
+    return encodedBigramProbabilityDelta >= MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA;
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::decodeUnigramProbability(const int encodedProbability) {
+    const int probability = encodedProbability - MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY;
+    if (probability < 0) {
+        return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
+    } else {
+        return min(probability, MAX_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY);
+    }
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::decodeBigramProbabilityDelta(const int encodedProbabilityDelta) {
+    const int probabilityDelta = encodedProbabilityDelta - MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA;
+    if (probabilityDelta < 0) {
+        return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
+    } else {
+        return min(probabilityDelta, MAX_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA);
+    }
+}
+
+/* static */ int DecayingUtils::getDecayedProbability(const int rawProbability) {
+    return rawProbability;
+}
+
+} // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ca0391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/decaying_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LATINIME_DECAYING_UTILS_H
+#define LATINIME_DECAYING_UTILS_H
+
+#include "defines.h"
+
+namespace latinime {
+
+// TODO: Check the elapsed time and decrease the probability depending on the time. Time field is
+// required to introduced to each terminal PtNode and bigram entry.
+// TODO: Quit using bigram probability to indicate the delta.
+// TODO: Quit using bigram probability delta.
+class DecayingUtils {
+ public:
+    static const int MAX_UNIGRAM_COUNT;
+    static const int MAX_UNIGRAM_COUNT_AFTER_GC;
+    static const int MAX_BIGRAM_COUNT;
+    static const int MAX_BIGRAM_COUNT_AFTER_GC;
+
+    static int getProbability(const int encodedUnigramProbability,
+            const int encodedBigramProbabilityDelta);
+
+    static int getUpdatedUnigramProbability(const int originalEncodedProbability,
+            const int newProbability);
+
+    static int getUpdatedBigramProbabilityDelta(const int originalEncodedProbabilityDelta,
+            const int newProbability);
+
+    static int isValidUnigram(const int encodedUnigramProbability);
+
+    static int isValidBigram(const int encodedProbabilityDelta);
+
+    static int getUnigramProbabilityToSave(const int encodedProbability);
+
+    static int getBigramProbabilityDeltaToSave(const int encodedProbabilityDelta);
+
+ private:
+    DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(DecayingUtils);
+
+    static const int MAX_COMPUTED_PROBABILITY;
+    static const int MAX_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY;
+    static const int MIN_VALID_UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY;
+    static const int UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_STEP;
+    static const int MAX_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA;
+    static const int MIN_VALID_BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA;
+    static const int BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_DELTA_STEP;
+
+    static int decodeUnigramProbability(const int encodedProbability);
+
+    static int decodeBigramProbabilityDelta(const int encodedProbability);
+
+    static int getDecayedProbability(const int rawProbability);
+};
+} // namespace latinime
+#endif /* LATINIME_DECAYING_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f22e94c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_policy.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/dynamic_patricia_trie_writing_utils.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/buffer_with_extendable_buffer.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/format_utils.h"
+
+namespace latinime {
+
+const char *const DictFileWritingUtils::TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE = ".tmp";
+
+/* static */ bool DictFileWritingUtils::createEmptyDictFile(const char *const filePath,
+        const int dictVersion, const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap) {
+    switch (dictVersion) {
+        case 3:
+            return createEmptyV3DictFile(filePath, attributeMap);
+        default:
+            // Only version 3 dictionary is supported for now.
+            return false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* static */ bool DictFileWritingUtils::createEmptyV3DictFile(const char *const filePath,
+        const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap) {
+    BufferWithExtendableBuffer headerBuffer(0 /* originalBuffer */, 0 /* originalBufferSize */);
+    HeaderPolicy headerPolicy(FormatUtils::VERSION_3, attributeMap);
+    headerPolicy.writeHeaderToBuffer(&headerBuffer, true /* updatesLastUpdatedTime */,
+            0 /* unigramCount */, 0 /* bigramCount */, 0 /* extendedRegionSize */);
+    BufferWithExtendableBuffer bodyBuffer(0 /* originalBuffer */, 0 /* originalBufferSize */);
+    if (!DynamicPatriciaTrieWritingUtils::writeEmptyDictionary(&bodyBuffer, 0 /* rootPos */)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return flushAllHeaderAndBodyToFile(filePath, &headerBuffer, &bodyBuffer);
+}
+
+/* static */ bool DictFileWritingUtils::flushAllHeaderAndBodyToFile(const char *const filePath,
+        BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictHeader, BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictBody) {
+    const int tmpFileNameBufSize = strlen(filePath)
+            + strlen(TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE) + 1 /* terminator */;
+    // Name of a temporary file used for writing that is a connected string of original name and
+    // TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE.
+    char tmpFileName[tmpFileNameBufSize];
+    snprintf(tmpFileName, tmpFileNameBufSize, "%s%s", filePath,
+            TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE);
+    FILE *const file = fopen(tmpFileName, "wb");
+    if (!file) {
+        AKLOGE("Dictionary file %s cannnot be opened.", tmpFileName);
+        ASSERT(false);
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Write the dictionary header.
+    if (!writeBufferToFile(file, dictHeader)) {
+        remove(tmpFileName);
+        AKLOGE("Dictionary header cannnot be written. size: %d", dictHeader->getTailPosition());
+        ASSERT(false);
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Write the dictionary body.
+    if (!writeBufferToFile(file, dictBody)) {
+        remove(tmpFileName);
+        AKLOGE("Dictionary body cannnot be written. size: %d", dictBody->getTailPosition());
+        ASSERT(false);
+        return false;
+    }
+    fclose(file);
+    rename(tmpFileName, filePath);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// This closes file pointer when an error is caused and returns whether the writing was succeeded
+// or not.
+/* static */ bool DictFileWritingUtils::writeBufferToFile(FILE *const file,
+        const BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer) {
+    const int originalBufSize = buffer->getOriginalBufferSize();
+    if (originalBufSize > 0 && fwrite(buffer->getBuffer(false /* usesAdditionalBuffer */),
+            originalBufSize, 1, file) < 1) {
+        fclose(file);
+        return false;
+    }
+    const int additionalBufSize = buffer->getUsedAdditionalBufferSize();
+    if (additionalBufSize > 0 && fwrite(buffer->getBuffer(true /* usesAdditionalBuffer */),
+            additionalBufSize, 1, file) < 1) {
+        fclose(file);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd4ac66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/utils/dict_file_writing_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LATINIME_DICT_FILE_WRITING_UTILS_H
+#define LATINIME_DICT_FILE_WRITING_UTILS_H
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#include "defines.h"
+#include "suggest/policyimpl/dictionary/header/header_read_write_utils.h"
+
+namespace latinime {
+
+class BufferWithExtendableBuffer;
+
+class DictFileWritingUtils {
+ public:
+    static bool createEmptyDictFile(const char *const filePath, const int dictVersion,
+            const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap);
+
+    static bool flushAllHeaderAndBodyToFile(const char *const filePath,
+            BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictHeader,
+            BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const dictBody);
+
+ private:
+    DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(DictFileWritingUtils);
+
+    static const char *const TEMP_FILE_SUFFIX_FOR_WRITING_DICT_FILE;
+
+    static bool createEmptyV3DictFile(const char *const filePath,
+            const HeaderReadWriteUtils::AttributeMap *const attributeMap);
+
+    static bool writeBufferToFile(FILE *const file,
+            const BufferWithExtendableBuffer *const buffer);
+};
+} // namespace latinime
+#endif /* LATINIME_DICT_FILE_WRITING_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.cpp b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.cpp
index 408b12a..5b6b5e8 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.cpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
         case CT_TERMINAL_INSERTION:
         case CT_TRANSPOSITION:
             return ET_EDIT_CORRECTION;
-        case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMITTION:
+        case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_OMISSION:
         case CT_NEW_WORD_SPACE_SUBSTITUTION:
             return ET_NEW_WORD;
         case CT_TERMINAL:
diff --git a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.h b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.h
index b6aa858..9f0a331 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/suggest/policyimpl/typing/typing_weighting.h
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@
         // Note: min() required since length can be MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH for characters not on
         // the keyboard (like accented letters)
         const float normalizedSquaredLength = traverseSession->getProximityInfoState(0)
-                ->getPointToKeyLength(pointIndex, dicNode->getNodeCodePoint());
+                ->getPointToKeyLength(pointIndex,
+                        CharUtils::toBaseLowerCase(dicNode->getNodeCodePoint()));
         const float normalizedDistance = TouchPositionCorrectionUtils::getSweetSpotFactor(
                 traverseSession->isTouchPositionCorrectionEnabled(), normalizedSquaredLength);
         const float weightedDistance = ScoringParams::DISTANCE_WEIGHT_LENGTH * normalizedDistance;
@@ -113,10 +114,10 @@
         const int16_t parentPointIndex = parentDicNode->getInputIndex(0);
         const int prevCodePoint = parentDicNode->getNodeCodePoint();
         const float distance1 = traverseSession->getProximityInfoState(0)->getPointToKeyLength(
-                parentPointIndex + 1, prevCodePoint);
+                parentPointIndex + 1, CharUtils::toBaseLowerCase(prevCodePoint));
         const int codePoint = dicNode->getNodeCodePoint();
         const float distance2 = traverseSession->getProximityInfoState(0)->getPointToKeyLength(
-                parentPointIndex, codePoint);
+                parentPointIndex, CharUtils::toBaseLowerCase(codePoint));
         const float distance = distance1 + distance2;
         const float weightedLengthDistance =
                 distance * ScoringParams::DISTANCE_WEIGHT_LENGTH;
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@
         const bool existsAdjacentProximityChars = traverseSession->getProximityInfoState(0)
                 ->existsAdjacentProximityChars(insertedPointIndex);
         const float dist = traverseSession->getProximityInfoState(0)->getPointToKeyLength(
-                insertedPointIndex + 1, dicNode->getNodeCodePoint());
+                insertedPointIndex + 1, CharUtils::toBaseLowerCase(dicNode->getNodeCodePoint()));
         const float weightedDistance = dist * ScoringParams::DISTANCE_WEIGHT_LENGTH;
         const bool singleChar = dicNode->getNodeCodePointCount() == 1;
         float cost = (singleChar ? ScoringParams::INSERTION_COST_FIRST_CHAR : 0.0f);
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf85d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
+
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+@LargeTest
+public class BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TEST_DICT_FILE_EXTENSION = ".testDict";
+    private static final String TEST_LOCALE = "test";
+
+    private static final int DUMMY_PROBABILITY = 0;
+
+    @Override
+    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+    }
+
+    private void forcePassingShortTime(final BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary) {
+        binaryDictionary.flushWithGC();
+    }
+
+    private void forcePassingLongTime(final BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary) {
+        // Currently, probabilities are decayed when GC is run. All entries that have never been
+        // typed in 32 GCs are removed.
+        final int count = 32;
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            binaryDictionary.flushWithGC();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private File createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile(final String filename) throws IOException {
+        final File file = File.createTempFile(filename, TEST_DICT_FILE_EXTENSION,
+                getContext().getCacheDir());
+        Map<String, String> attributeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_ATTRIBUTE,
+                FormatSpec.FileHeader.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE);
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.USES_FORGETTING_CURVE_ATTRIBUTE,
+                FormatSpec.FileHeader.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE);
+        if (BinaryDictionary.createEmptyDictFile(file.getAbsolutePath(),
+                3 /* dictVersion */, attributeMap)) {
+            return file;
+        } else {
+            throw new IOException("Empty dictionary cannot be created.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testAddValidAndInvalidWords() {
+        File dictFile = null;
+        try {
+            dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        }
+        BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+                0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
+                Locale.getDefault(), TEST_LOCALE, true /* isUpdatable */);
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("b"));
+
+        final int unigramProbability = binaryDictionary.getFrequency("a");
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("c", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "c", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "c"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.close();
+        dictFile.delete();
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Add large tests.
+    public void testDecayingProbability() {
+        File dictFile = null;
+        try {
+            dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        }
+        BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+                0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
+                Locale.getDefault(), TEST_LOCALE, true /* isUpdatable */);
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+        forcePassingShortTime(binaryDictionary);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        forcePassingShortTime(binaryDictionary);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+        forcePassingLongTime(binaryDictionary);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidWord("a"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+        forcePassingShortTime(binaryDictionary);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("a", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord("b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        binaryDictionary.addBigramWords("a", "b", DUMMY_PROBABILITY);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+        forcePassingShortTime(binaryDictionary);
+        assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+        forcePassingLongTime(binaryDictionary);
+        assertFalse(binaryDictionary.isValidBigram("a", "b"));
+
+        binaryDictionary.close();
+        dictFile.delete();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java
index 96a2217..6a21522 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java
@@ -21,24 +21,19 @@
 import android.util.Pair;
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.CodePointUtils;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.DictEncoder;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.PtNodeArray;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.UnsupportedFormatException;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.Ver3DictEncoder;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Random;
 
 @LargeTest
 public class BinaryDictionaryTests extends AndroidTestCase {
-    private static final FormatSpec.FormatOptions FORMAT_OPTIONS =
-            new FormatSpec.FormatOptions(3 /* version */, true /* supportsDynamicUpdate */);
     private static final String TEST_DICT_FILE_EXTENSION = ".testDict";
     private static final String TEST_LOCALE = "test";
 
@@ -52,15 +47,18 @@
         super.tearDown();
     }
 
-    private File createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile(final String filename) throws IOException,
-            UnsupportedFormatException {
-        final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new PtNodeArray(),
-                new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String,String>(), false, false));
+    private File createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile(final String filename) throws IOException {
         final File file = File.createTempFile(filename, TEST_DICT_FILE_EXTENSION,
                 getContext().getCacheDir());
-        final DictEncoder dictEncoder = new Ver3DictEncoder(file);
-        dictEncoder.writeDictionary(dict, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
-        return file;
+        Map<String, String> attributeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        attributeMap.put(FormatSpec.FileHeader.SUPPORTS_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_ATTRIBUTE,
+                FormatSpec.FileHeader.ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_TRUE);
+        if (BinaryDictionary.createEmptyDictFile(file.getAbsolutePath(),
+                3 /* dictVersion */, attributeMap)) {
+            return file;
+        } else {
+            throw new IOException("Empty dictionary cannot be created.");
+        }
     }
 
     public void testIsValidDictionary() {
@@ -69,8 +67,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -95,8 +91,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -139,8 +133,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -169,8 +161,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -240,8 +230,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -294,8 +282,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -342,8 +328,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -392,8 +376,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                 0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
@@ -445,8 +427,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
 
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
@@ -516,8 +496,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
 
         BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
@@ -617,8 +595,6 @@
             dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
-        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
-            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
         }
 
         final ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<String>();
@@ -630,7 +606,7 @@
             binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
                     0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
                     Locale.getDefault(), TEST_LOCALE, true /* isUpdatable */);
-            while(!binaryDictionary.needsToRunGC()) {
+            while(!binaryDictionary.needsToRunGC(true /* mindsBlockByGC */)) {
                 final String word = CodePointUtils.generateWord(random, codePointSet);
                 words.add(word);
                 final int unigramProbability = random.nextInt(0xFF);
@@ -650,4 +626,57 @@
 
         dictFile.delete();
     }
+
+    public void testUnigramAndBigramCount() {
+        final int flashWithGCIterationCount = 10;
+        final int codePointSetSize = 50;
+        final int unigramCountPerIteration = 1000;
+        final int bigramCountPerIteration = 2000;
+        final int seed = 1123581321;
+
+        final Random random = new Random(seed);
+
+        File dictFile = null;
+        try {
+            dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile("TestBinaryDictionary");
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        }
+
+        final ArrayList<String> words = new ArrayList<String>();
+        final HashSet<Pair<String, String>> bigrams = new HashSet<Pair<String, String>>();
+        final int[] codePointSet = CodePointUtils.generateCodePointSet(codePointSetSize, random);
+
+        BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary;
+        for (int i = 0; i < flashWithGCIterationCount; i++) {
+            binaryDictionary = new BinaryDictionary(dictFile.getAbsolutePath(),
+                    0 /* offset */, dictFile.length(), true /* useFullEditDistance */,
+                    Locale.getDefault(), TEST_LOCALE, true /* isUpdatable */);
+            for (int j = 0; j < unigramCountPerIteration; j++) {
+                final String word = CodePointUtils.generateWord(random, codePointSet);
+                words.add(word);
+                final int unigramProbability = random.nextInt(0xFF);
+                binaryDictionary.addUnigramWord(word, unigramProbability);
+            }
+            for (int j = 0; j < bigramCountPerIteration; j++) {
+                final String word0 = words.get(random.nextInt(words.size()));
+                final String word1 = words.get(random.nextInt(words.size()));
+                bigrams.add(new Pair<String, String>(word0, word1));
+                final int bigramProbability = random.nextInt(0xF);
+                binaryDictionary.addBigramWords(word0, word1, bigramProbability);
+            }
+            assertEquals(new HashSet<String>(words).size(), Integer.parseInt(
+                    binaryDictionary.getPropertyForTests(BinaryDictionary.UNIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY)));
+            assertEquals(new HashSet<Pair<String, String>>(bigrams).size(), Integer.parseInt(
+                    binaryDictionary.getPropertyForTests(BinaryDictionary.BIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY)));
+            binaryDictionary.flushWithGC();
+            assertEquals(new HashSet<String>(words).size(), Integer.parseInt(
+                    binaryDictionary.getPropertyForTests(BinaryDictionary.UNIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY)));
+            assertEquals(new HashSet<Pair<String, String>>(bigrams).size(), Integer.parseInt(
+                    binaryDictionary.getPropertyForTests(BinaryDictionary.BIGRAM_COUNT_QUERY)));
+            binaryDictionary.close();
+        }
+
+        dictFile.delete();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/SparseTableTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/SparseTableTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..132483d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/SparseTableTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict;
+
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for SparseTable.
+ */
+@LargeTest
+public class SparseTableTests extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = SparseTableTests.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    private static final int[] SMALL_INDEX = { SparseTable.NOT_EXIST, 0 };
+    private static final int[] BIG_INDEX = { SparseTable.NOT_EXIST, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
+
+    private final Random mRandom;
+    private final ArrayList<Integer> mRandomIndex;
+
+    private static final int DEFAULT_SIZE = 10000;
+    private static final int BLOCK_SIZE = 8;
+
+    public SparseTableTests() {
+        this(System.currentTimeMillis(), DEFAULT_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    public SparseTableTests(final long seed, final int tableSize) {
+        super();
+        Log.d(TAG, "Seed for test is " + seed + ", size is " + tableSize);
+        mRandom = new Random(seed);
+        mRandomIndex = new ArrayList<Integer>(tableSize);
+        for (int i = 0; i < tableSize; ++i) {
+            mRandomIndex.add(SparseTable.NOT_EXIST);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testInitializeWithArray() {
+        final SparseTable table = new SparseTable(SMALL_INDEX, BIG_INDEX, BLOCK_SIZE);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
+            assertEquals(SparseTable.NOT_EXIST, table.get(i));
+        }
+        assertEquals(SparseTable.NOT_EXIST, table.get(8));
+        for (int i = 9; i < 16; ++i) {
+            assertEquals(i - 8, table.get(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testSet() {
+        final SparseTable table = new SparseTable(16, BLOCK_SIZE);
+        table.set(3, 6);
+        table.set(8, 16);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
+            if (i == 3 || i == 8) {
+                assertEquals(i * 2, table.get(i));
+            } else {
+                assertEquals(SparseTable.NOT_EXIST, table.get(i));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void generateRandomIndex(final int size, final int prop) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; ++i) {
+            if (mRandom.nextInt(100) < prop) {
+                mRandomIndex.set(i, mRandom.nextInt());
+            } else {
+                mRandomIndex.set(i, SparseTable.NOT_EXIST);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void runTestRandomSet() {
+        final SparseTable table = new SparseTable(DEFAULT_SIZE, BLOCK_SIZE);
+        int elementCount = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; ++i) {
+            if (mRandomIndex.get(i) != SparseTable.NOT_EXIST) {
+                table.set(i, mRandomIndex.get(i));
+                elementCount++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Log.d(TAG, "table size = " + table.getLookupTableSize() + " + "
+              + table.getContentTableSize());
+        Log.d(TAG, "the table has " + elementCount + " elements");
+        for (int i = 0; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; ++i) {
+            assertEquals(table.get(i), (int)mRandomIndex.get(i));
+        }
+
+        // flush and reload
+        OutputStream lookupOutStream = null;
+        OutputStream contentOutStream = null;
+        InputStream lookupInStream = null;
+        InputStream contentInStream = null;
+        try {
+            final File lookupIndexFile = File.createTempFile("testRandomSet", ".small");
+            final File contentFile = File.createTempFile("testRandomSet", ".big");
+            lookupOutStream = new FileOutputStream(lookupIndexFile);
+            contentOutStream = new FileOutputStream(contentFile);
+            table.write(lookupOutStream, contentOutStream);
+            lookupInStream = new FileInputStream(lookupIndexFile);
+            contentInStream = new FileInputStream(contentFile);
+            final byte[] lookupArray = new byte[(int) lookupIndexFile.length()];
+            final byte[] contentArray = new byte[(int) contentFile.length()];
+            lookupInStream.read(lookupArray);
+            contentInStream.read(contentArray);
+            final SparseTable newTable = new SparseTable(lookupArray, contentArray, BLOCK_SIZE);
+            for (int i = 0; i < DEFAULT_SIZE; ++i) {
+                assertEquals(table.get(i), newTable.get(i));
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "IOException while flushing and realoding", e);
+        } finally {
+            if (lookupOutStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    lookupOutStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "IOException while closing the stream", e);
+                }
+            }
+            if (contentOutStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    contentOutStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "IOException while closing contentStream.", e);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testRandomSet() {
+        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i += 10) {
+            generateRandomIndex(DEFAULT_SIZE, i);
+            runTestRandomSet();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java
index d605cdb..ddc9546 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java
@@ -75,38 +75,33 @@
         return new ArrayList<String>(wordSet);
     }
 
-    private void addToDict(final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict, final List<String> words) {
+    private void addToDict(final UserHistoryDictionary dict, final List<String> words) {
         String prevWord = null;
         for (String word : words) {
-            dict.addToPersonalizationPredictionDictionary(prevWord, word, true);
+            dict.addToDictionary(prevWord, word, true);
             prevWord = word;
         }
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param checksContents if true, checks whether written words are actually in the dictionary
+     * @param checkContents if true, checks whether written words are actually in the dictionary
      * or not.
      */
     private void addAndWriteRandomWords(final String testFilenameSuffix, final int numberOfWords,
-            final Random random, final boolean checksContents) {
+            final Random random, final boolean checkContents) {
         final List<String> words = generateWords(numberOfWords, random);
-        final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict =
-                PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(getContext(),
+        final UserHistoryDictionary dict =
+                PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryDictionary(getContext(),
                         testFilenameSuffix /* locale */, mPrefs);
         // Add random words to the user history dictionary.
         addToDict(dict, words);
-        if (checksContents) {
+        if (checkContents) {
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.convert(5L, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             }
-            // Limit word count to check when using a Java on memory dictionary.
-            final int wordCountToCheck =
-                    ExpandableBinaryDictionary.ENABLE_BINARY_DICTIONARY_DYNAMIC_UPDATE ?
-                            numberOfWords : 10;
-            for (int i = 0; i < wordCountToCheck; ++i) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < numberOfWords; ++i) {
                 final String word = words.get(i);
-                // This may fail as long as we use tryLock on inserting the bigram words
                 assertTrue(dict.isInDictionaryForTests(word));
             }
         }
@@ -127,8 +122,8 @@
                     true /* checksContents */);
         } finally {
             try {
-                final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict =
-                        PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(getContext(),
+                final UserHistoryDictionary dict =
+                        PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryDictionary(getContext(),
                                 testFilenameSuffix, mPrefs);
                 Log.d(TAG, "waiting for writing ...");
                 dict.shutdownExecutorForTests();
@@ -139,7 +134,7 @@
                 Log.d(TAG, "InterruptedException: " + e);
             }
 
-            final String fileName = UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.NAME + "." + testFilenameSuffix
+            final String fileName = UserHistoryDictionary.NAME + "." + testFilenameSuffix
                     + ExpandableBinaryDictionary.DICT_FILE_EXTENSION;
             dictFile = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), fileName);
 
@@ -164,7 +159,7 @@
             // Create filename suffixes for this test.
             for (int i = 0; i < numberOfLanguages; i++) {
                 testFilenameSuffixes[i] = "testSwitchingLanguages" + i;
-                final String fileName = UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.NAME + "." +
+                final String fileName = UserHistoryDictionary.NAME + "." +
                         testFilenameSuffixes[i] + ExpandableBinaryDictionary.DICT_FILE_EXTENSION;
                 dictFiles[i] = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), fileName);
             }
@@ -186,8 +181,8 @@
             try {
                 Log.d(TAG, "waiting for writing ...");
                 for (int i = 0; i < numberOfLanguages; i++) {
-                    final UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict =
-                            PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(getContext(),
+                    final UserHistoryDictionary dict =
+                            PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryDictionary(getContext(),
                                     testFilenameSuffixes[i], mPrefs);
                     dict.shutdownExecutorForTests();
                     while (!dict.isTerminatedForTests()) {
@@ -215,8 +210,8 @@
                         10000 : 1000;
         final Random random = new Random(123456);
 
-        UserHistoryPredictionDictionary dict =
-                PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryPredictionDictionary(getContext(),
+        UserHistoryDictionary dict =
+                PersonalizationHelper.getUserHistoryDictionary(getContext(),
                         testFilenameSuffix, mPrefs);
         try {
             addAndWriteRandomWords(testFilenameSuffix, numberOfWords, random,
@@ -232,7 +227,7 @@
             } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 Log.d(TAG, "InterruptedException: ", e);
             }
-            final String fileName = UserHistoryPredictionDictionary.NAME + "." + testFilenameSuffix
+            final String fileName = UserHistoryDictionary.NAME + "." + testFilenameSuffix
                     + ExpandableBinaryDictionary.DICT_FILE_EXTENSION;
             dictFile = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), fileName);
             if (dictFile != null) {
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/SpannableStringUtilsTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/SpannableStringUtilsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa6ad16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/SpannableStringUtilsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils;
+
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
+import android.text.style.SuggestionSpan;
+import android.text.style.URLSpan;
+import android.text.SpannableStringBuilder;
+import android.text.Spannable;
+import android.text.Spanned;
+
+@SmallTest
+public class SpannableStringUtilsTests extends AndroidTestCase {
+    public void testConcatWithSuggestionSpansOnly() {
+        SpannableStringBuilder s = new SpannableStringBuilder("test string\ntest string\n"
+                + "test string\ntest string\ntest string\ntest string\ntest string\ntest string\n"
+                + "test string\ntest string\n");
+        final int N = 10;
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            // Put a PARAGRAPH-flagged span that should not be found in the result.
+            s.setSpan(new SuggestionSpan(getContext(),
+                    new String[] {"" + i}, Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH),
+                    i * 12, i * 12 + 12, Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH);
+            // Put a normal suggestion span that should be found in the result.
+            s.setSpan(new SuggestionSpan(getContext(), new String[] {"" + i}, 0), i, i * 2, 0);
+            // Put a URL span than should not be found in the result.
+            s.setSpan(new URLSpan("http://a"), i, i * 2, 0);
+        }
+
+        final CharSequence a = s.subSequence(0, 15);
+        final CharSequence b = s.subSequence(15, s.length());
+        final Spanned result =
+                (Spanned)SpannableStringUtils.concatWithNonParagraphSuggestionSpansOnly(a, b);
+
+        Object[] spans = result.getSpans(0, result.length(), SuggestionSpan.class);
+        for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
+            final int flags = result.getSpanFlags(spans[i]);
+            assertEquals("Should not find a span with PARAGRAPH flag",
+                    flags & Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH, 0);
+            assertTrue("Should be a SuggestionSpan", spans[i] instanceof SuggestionSpan);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtilsTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtilsTests.java
index eb9fb98..4e396a1 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtilsTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/StringUtilsTests.java
@@ -20,11 +20,6 @@
 
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.SmallTest;
-import android.text.style.SuggestionSpan;
-import android.text.style.URLSpan;
-import android.text.SpannableStringBuilder;
-import android.text.Spannable;
-import android.text.Spanned;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -285,34 +280,4 @@
             assertEquals(objs[i], newObjArray.get(i));
         }
     }
-
-    public void testConcatWithSuggestionSpansOnly() {
-        SpannableStringBuilder s = new SpannableStringBuilder("test string\ntest string\n"
-                + "test string\ntest string\ntest string\ntest string\ntest string\ntest string\n"
-                + "test string\ntest string\n");
-        final int N = 10;
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-            // Put a PARAGRAPH-flagged span that should not be found in the result.
-            s.setSpan(new SuggestionSpan(getContext(),
-                    new String[] {"" + i}, Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH),
-                    i * 12, i * 12 + 12, Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH);
-            // Put a normal suggestion span that should be found in the result.
-            s.setSpan(new SuggestionSpan(getContext(), new String[] {"" + i}, 0), i, i * 2, 0);
-            // Put a URL span than should not be found in the result.
-            s.setSpan(new URLSpan("http://a"), i, i * 2, 0);
-        }
-
-        final CharSequence a = s.subSequence(0, 15);
-        final CharSequence b = s.subSequence(15, s.length());
-        final Spanned result =
-                (Spanned)StringUtils.concatWithNonParagraphSuggestionSpansOnly(a, b);
-
-        Object[] spans = result.getSpans(0, result.length(), SuggestionSpan.class);
-        for (int i = 0; i < spans.length; i++) {
-            final int flags = result.getSpanFlags(spans[i]);
-            assertEquals("Should not find a span with PARAGRAPH flag",
-                    flags & Spannable.SPAN_PARAGRAPH, 0);
-            assertTrue("Should be a SuggestionSpan", spans[i] instanceof SuggestionSpan);
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java
index fa80385..bd06e9f 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java
@@ -80,17 +80,17 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a decrypted/uncompressed binary dictionary.
+     * Returns a decrypted/uncompressed dictionary.
      *
-     * This will decrypt/uncompress any number of times as necessary until it finds the binary
+     * This will decrypt/uncompress any number of times as necessary until it finds the
      * dictionary signature, and copy the decoded file to a temporary place.
-     * If this is not a binary dictionary, the method returns null.
+     * If this is not a dictionary, the method returns null.
      */
-    public static DecoderChainSpec getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(final File src) {
-        return getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(new DecoderChainSpec(), src, 0);
+    public static DecoderChainSpec getRawDictionaryOrNull(final File src) {
+        return getRawDictionaryOrNullInternal(new DecoderChainSpec(), src, 0);
     }
 
-    private static DecoderChainSpec getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(
+    private static DecoderChainSpec getRawDictionaryOrNullInternal(
             final DecoderChainSpec spec, final File src, final int depth) {
         // Unfortunately the decoding scheme we use can consider any data to be encrypted
         // and will product some output, meaning it's not possible to reliably detect encrypted
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@
         // over and over, ending in a stack overflow. Hence we limit the depth at which we try
         // decoding the file.
         if (depth > MAX_DECODE_DEPTH) return null;
-        if (BinaryDictDecoderUtils.isBinaryDictionary(src)) {
+        if (BinaryDictDecoderUtils.isBinaryDictionary(src)
+                || CombinedInputOutput.isCombinedDictionary(src.getAbsolutePath())) {
             spec.mFile = src;
             return spec;
         }
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@
         final File uncompressedFile = tryGetUncompressedFile(src);
         if (null != uncompressedFile) {
             final DecoderChainSpec newSpec =
-                    getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(spec, uncompressedFile, depth + 1);
+                    getRawDictionaryOrNullInternal(spec, uncompressedFile, depth + 1);
             if (null == newSpec) return null;
             return newSpec.addStep(COMPRESSION);
         }
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@
         final File decryptedFile = tryGetDecryptedFile(src);
         if (null != decryptedFile) {
             final DecoderChainSpec newSpec =
-                    getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(spec, decryptedFile, depth + 1);
+                    getRawDictionaryOrNullInternal(spec, decryptedFile, depth + 1);
             if (null == newSpec) return null;
             return newSpec.addStep(ENCRYPTION);
         }
@@ -175,17 +176,18 @@
                 return XmlDictInputOutput.readDictionaryXml(
                         new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)),
                         null /* shortcuts */, null /* bigrams */);
-            } else if (CombinedInputOutput.isCombinedDictionary(filename)) {
-                if (report) System.out.println("Format : Combined format");
-                return CombinedInputOutput.readDictionaryCombined(
-                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)));
             } else {
-                final DecoderChainSpec decodedSpec = getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(file);
+                final DecoderChainSpec decodedSpec = getRawDictionaryOrNull(file);
                 if (null == decodedSpec) {
                     crash(filename, new RuntimeException(
                             filename + " does not seem to be a dictionary file"));
+                } else if (CombinedInputOutput.isCombinedDictionary(
+                        decodedSpec.mFile.getAbsolutePath())){
+                    if (report) System.out.println("Format : Combined format");
+                    return CombinedInputOutput.readDictionaryCombined(
+                            new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(decodedSpec.mFile)));
                 } else {
-                    final DictDecoder dictDecoder = FormatSpec.getDictDecoder(file,
+                    final DictDecoder dictDecoder = FormatSpec.getDictDecoder(decodedSpec.mFile,
                             DictDecoder.USE_BYTEARRAY);
                     if (report) {
                         System.out.println("Format : Binary dictionary format");
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java
index 9274dcd..dff3387 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@
                 throw new RuntimeException("Too many/too few arguments for command " + COMMAND);
             }
             final BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.DecoderChainSpec decodedSpec =
-                    BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(new File(mArgs[0]));
+                    BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawDictionaryOrNull(new File(mArgs[0]));
             if (null == decodedSpec) {
                 System.out.println(mArgs[0] + " does not seem to be a dictionary");
                 return;
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java b/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java
index 1eff497..1baeb7a 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 
         // Test for an actually compressed dictionary and its contents
         final BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.DecoderChainSpec decodeSpec =
-                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(dst);
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawDictionaryOrNull(dst);
         for (final String step : decodeSpec.mDecoderSpec) {
             assertEquals("Wrong decode spec", BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.COMPRESSION, step);
         }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
 
         // Test that a random data file actually fails
         assertNull("Wrongly identified data file",
-                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(dst));
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawDictionaryOrNull(dst));
 
         final File gzDst = File.createTempFile("testGetRawDict", ".tmp");
         gzDst.deleteOnExit();
@@ -103,6 +103,6 @@
 
         // Test that a compressed random data file actually fails
         assertNull("Wrongly identified data file",
-                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(gzDst));
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawDictionaryOrNull(gzDst));
     }
 }