diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
index cfe1ea6..dce3217 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.BinaryDictionaryUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.FileUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.JniUtils;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.LanguageModelParam;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.StringUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.WordInputEventForPersonalization;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -205,8 +205,8 @@
     private static native boolean updateEntriesForWordWithNgramContextNative(long dict,
             int[][] prevWordCodePointArrays, boolean[] isBeginningOfSentenceArray,
             int[] word, boolean isValidWord, int count, int timestamp);
-    private static native int addMultipleDictionaryEntriesNative(long dict,
-            LanguageModelParam[] languageModelParams, int startIndex);
+    private static native int updateEntriesForInputEventsNative(long dict,
+            WordInputEventForPersonalization[] inputEvents, int startIndex);
     private static native String getPropertyNative(long dict, String query);
     private static native boolean isCorruptedNative(long dict);
     private static native boolean migrateNative(long dict, String dictFilePath,
@@ -526,19 +526,19 @@
     }
 
     @UsedForTesting
-    public void addMultipleDictionaryEntries(final LanguageModelParam[] languageModelParams) {
+    public void updateEntriesForInputEvents(final WordInputEventForPersonalization[] inputEvents) {
         if (!isValidDictionary()) {
             return;
         }
-        int processedParamCount = 0;
-        while (processedParamCount < languageModelParams.length) {
+        int processedEventCount = 0;
+        while (processedEventCount < inputEvents.length) {
             if (needsToRunGC(true /* mindsBlockByGC */)) {
                 flushWithGC();
             }
-            processedParamCount = addMultipleDictionaryEntriesNative(mNativeDict,
-                    languageModelParams, processedParamCount);
+            processedEventCount = updateEntriesForInputEventsNative(mNativeDict, inputEvents,
+                    processedEventCount);
             mHasUpdated = true;
-            if (processedParamCount <= 0) {
+            if (processedEventCount <= 0) {
                 return;
             }
         }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFacilitator.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFacilitator.java
index 25cbabf..5bf6bf4 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFacilitator.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryFacilitator.java
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary.AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary.UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.NgramContext.WordInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.ContextualDictionary;
@@ -796,8 +796,8 @@
     public void addEntriesToPersonalizationDictionary(
             final PersonalizationDataChunk personalizationDataChunk,
             final SpacingAndPunctuations spacingAndPunctuations,
-            final AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback callback) {
-        mPersonalizationHelper.addEntriesToPersonalizationDictionariesToUpdate(
+            final UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback callback) {
+        mPersonalizationHelper.updateEntriesOfPersonalizationDictionaries(
                 getMostProbableLocale(), personalizationDataChunk, spacingAndPunctuations,
                 callback);
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
index 97af02f..a74ffcb 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.DistracterFilter;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.ExecutorUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.FileUtils;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.LanguageModelParam;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.WordInputEventForPersonalization;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -447,16 +447,16 @@
         }, word, distracterFilter);
     }
 
-    public interface AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback {
+    public interface UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback {
         public void onFinished();
     }
 
     /**
-     * Dynamically add multiple entries to the dictionary.
+     * Dynamically update entries according to input events.
      */
-    public void addMultipleDictionaryEntriesDynamically(
-            @Nonnull final ArrayList<LanguageModelParam> languageModelParams,
-            final AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback callback) {
+    public void updateEntriesForInputEvents(
+            @Nonnull final ArrayList<WordInputEventForPersonalization> inputEvents,
+            final UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback callback) {
         reloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         asyncExecuteTaskWithWriteLock(new Runnable() {
             @Override
@@ -466,9 +466,9 @@
                     if (binaryDictionary == null) {
                         return;
                     }
-                    binaryDictionary.addMultipleDictionaryEntries(
-                            languageModelParams.toArray(
-                                    new LanguageModelParam[languageModelParams.size()]));
+                    binaryDictionary.updateEntriesForInputEvents(
+                            inputEvents.toArray(
+                                    new WordInputEventForPersonalization[inputEvents.size()]));
                 } finally {
                     if (callback != null) {
                         callback.onFinished();
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/PersonalizationHelperForDictionaryFacilitator.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/PersonalizationHelperForDictionaryFacilitator.java
index 396d062..2dbab0a 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/PersonalizationHelperForDictionaryFacilitator.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/PersonalizationHelperForDictionaryFacilitator.java
@@ -26,14 +26,14 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodSubtype;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary.AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary.UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationDataChunk;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.personalization.PersonalizationDictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SpacingAndPunctuations;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.DistracterFilter;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.DistracterFilterCheckingIsInDictionary;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.LanguageModelParam;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.SubtypeLocaleUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.WordInputEventForPersonalization;
 
 /**
  * Class for managing and updating personalization dictionaries.
@@ -119,10 +119,10 @@
         return personalizationDict;
     }
 
-    private void addEntriesToPersonalizationDictionariesForLocale(final Locale locale,
+    private void updateEntriesOfPersonalizationDictionariesForLocale(final Locale locale,
             final PersonalizationDataChunk personalizationDataChunk,
             final SpacingAndPunctuations spacingAndPunctuations,
-            final AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback callback) {
+            final UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback callback) {
         final ExpandableBinaryDictionary personalizationDict =
                 getPersonalizationDictToUpdate(mContext, locale);
         if (personalizationDict == null) {
@@ -131,25 +131,25 @@
             }
             return;
         }
-        final ArrayList<LanguageModelParam> languageModelParams =
-                LanguageModelParam.createLanguageModelParamsFrom(
+        final ArrayList<WordInputEventForPersonalization> inputEvents =
+                WordInputEventForPersonalization.createInputEventFrom(
                         personalizationDataChunk.mTokens,
                         personalizationDataChunk.mTimestampInSeconds, spacingAndPunctuations,
                         locale, new DistracterFilterCheckingIsInDictionary(
                                 mDistracterFilter, personalizationDict));
-        if (languageModelParams == null || languageModelParams.isEmpty()) {
+        if (inputEvents == null || inputEvents.isEmpty()) {
             if (callback != null) {
                 callback.onFinished();
             }
             return;
         }
-        personalizationDict.addMultipleDictionaryEntriesDynamically(languageModelParams, callback);
+        personalizationDict.updateEntriesForInputEvents(inputEvents, callback);
     }
 
-    public void addEntriesToPersonalizationDictionariesToUpdate(final Locale defaultLocale,
+    public void updateEntriesOfPersonalizationDictionaries(final Locale defaultLocale,
             final PersonalizationDataChunk personalizationDataChunk,
             final SpacingAndPunctuations spacingAndPunctuations,
-            final AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback callback) {
+            final UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback callback) {
         final String language = personalizationDataChunk.mDetectedLanguage;
         final HashSet<Locale> locales;
         if (mIsMonolingualUser && PersonalizationDataChunk.LANGUAGE_UNKNOWN.equals(language)
@@ -165,8 +165,8 @@
             return;
         }
         final AtomicInteger remainingTaskCount = new AtomicInteger(locales.size());
-        final AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback callbackForLocales =
-                new AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback() {
+        final UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback callbackForLocales =
+                new UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback() {
                     @Override
                     public void onFinished() {
                         if (remainingTaskCount.decrementAndGet() == 0) {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@
                     }
                 };
         for (final Locale locale : locales) {
-            addEntriesToPersonalizationDictionariesForLocale(locale, personalizationDataChunk,
+            updateEntriesOfPersonalizationDictionariesForLocale(locale, personalizationDataChunk,
                     spacingAndPunctuations, callbackForLocales);
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/LanguageModelParam.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/LanguageModelParam.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e5cb33..0000000
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/LanguageModelParam.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils;
-
-import android.util.Log;
-
-import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Dictionary;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.NgramContext;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SpacingAndPunctuations;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.DistracterFilter.HandlingType;
-
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Locale;
-
-// Note: this class is used as a parameter type of a native method. You should be careful when you
-// rename this class or field name. See BinaryDictionary#addMultipleDictionaryEntriesNative().
-public final class LanguageModelParam {
-    private static final String TAG = LanguageModelParam.class.getSimpleName();
-    private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
-    private static final boolean DEBUG_TOKEN = false;
-
-    // For now, these probability values are being referred to only when we add new entries to
-    // decaying dynamic binary dictionaries. When these are referred to, what matters is 0 or
-    // non-0. Thus, it's not meaningful to compare 10, 100, and so on.
-    // TODO: Revise the logic in ForgettingCurveUtils in native code.
-    private static final int UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_VALID_WORD = 100;
-    private static final int UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_OOV_WORD = Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
-    private static final int BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_VALID_WORD = 10;
-    private static final int BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_OOV_WORD = Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
-
-    public final CharSequence mTargetWord;
-    public final int[] mWord0;
-    public final int[] mWord1;
-    // TODO: this needs to be a list of shortcuts
-    public final int[] mShortcutTarget;
-    public final int mUnigramProbability;
-    public final int mBigramProbability;
-    public final int mShortcutProbability;
-    public final boolean mIsNotAWord;
-    public final boolean mIsPossiblyOffensive;
-    // Time stamp in seconds.
-    public final int mTimestamp;
-
-    // Constructor for unigram. TODO: support shortcuts
-    @UsedForTesting
-    public LanguageModelParam(final CharSequence word, final int unigramProbability,
-            final int timestamp) {
-        this(null /* word0 */, word, unigramProbability, Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY, timestamp);
-    }
-
-    // Constructor for unigram and bigram.
-    @UsedForTesting
-    public LanguageModelParam(final CharSequence word0, final CharSequence word1,
-            final int unigramProbability, final int bigramProbability,
-            final int timestamp) {
-        mTargetWord = word1;
-        mWord0 = (word0 == null) ? null : StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word0);
-        mWord1 = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word1);
-        mShortcutTarget = null;
-        mUnigramProbability = unigramProbability;
-        mBigramProbability = bigramProbability;
-        mShortcutProbability = Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
-        mIsNotAWord = false;
-        mIsPossiblyOffensive = false;
-        mTimestamp = timestamp;
-    }
-
-    // Process a list of words and return a list of {@link LanguageModelParam} objects.
-    public static ArrayList<LanguageModelParam> createLanguageModelParamsFrom(
-            final List<String> tokens, final int timestamp,
-            final SpacingAndPunctuations spacingAndPunctuations, final Locale locale,
-            final DistracterFilter distracterFilter) {
-        final ArrayList<LanguageModelParam> languageModelParams = new ArrayList<>();
-        final int N = tokens.size();
-        NgramContext ngramContext = NgramContext.EMPTY_PREV_WORDS_INFO;
-        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-            final String tempWord = tokens.get(i);
-            if (StringUtils.isEmptyStringOrWhiteSpaces(tempWord)) {
-                // just skip this token
-                if (DEBUG_TOKEN) {
-                    Log.d(TAG, "--- isEmptyStringOrWhiteSpaces: \"" + tempWord + "\"");
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (!DictionaryInfoUtils.looksValidForDictionaryInsertion(
-                    tempWord, spacingAndPunctuations)) {
-                if (DEBUG_TOKEN) {
-                    Log.d(TAG, "--- not looksValidForDictionaryInsertion: \""
-                            + tempWord + "\"");
-                }
-                // Sentence terminator found. Split.
-                ngramContext = NgramContext.EMPTY_PREV_WORDS_INFO;
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (DEBUG_TOKEN) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "--- word: \"" + tempWord + "\"");
-            }
-            final LanguageModelParam languageModelParam =
-                    detectWhetherVaildWordOrNotAndGetLanguageModelParam(
-                            ngramContext, tempWord, timestamp, locale, distracterFilter);
-            if (languageModelParam == null) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            languageModelParams.add(languageModelParam);
-            ngramContext = ngramContext.getNextNgramContext(
-                    new NgramContext.WordInfo(tempWord));
-        }
-        return languageModelParams;
-    }
-
-    private static LanguageModelParam detectWhetherVaildWordOrNotAndGetLanguageModelParam(
-            final NgramContext ngramContext, final String targetWord, final int timestamp,
-            final Locale locale, final DistracterFilter distracterFilter) {
-        if (locale == null) {
-            return null;
-        }
-        final int wordHandlingType = distracterFilter.getWordHandlingType(ngramContext,
-                targetWord, locale);
-        final String word = HandlingType.shouldBeLowerCased(wordHandlingType) ?
-                targetWord.toLowerCase(locale) : targetWord;
-        if (distracterFilter.isDistracterToWordsInDictionaries(ngramContext, targetWord, locale)) {
-            // The word is a distracter.
-            return null;
-        }
-        return createAndGetLanguageModelParamOfWord(ngramContext, word, timestamp,
-                !HandlingType.shouldBeHandledAsOov(wordHandlingType));
-    }
-
-    private static LanguageModelParam createAndGetLanguageModelParamOfWord(
-            final NgramContext ngramContext, final String word, final int timestamp,
-            final boolean isValidWord) {
-        final int unigramProbability = isValidWord ?
-                UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_VALID_WORD : UNIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_OOV_WORD;
-        if (!ngramContext.isValid()) {
-            if (DEBUG) {
-                Log.d(TAG, "--- add unigram: current("
-                        + (isValidWord ? "Valid" : "OOV") + ") = " + word);
-            }
-            return new LanguageModelParam(word, unigramProbability, timestamp);
-        }
-        if (DEBUG) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "--- add bigram: prev = " + ngramContext + ", current("
-                    + (isValidWord ? "Valid" : "OOV") + ") = " + word);
-        }
-        final int bigramProbability = isValidWord ?
-                BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_VALID_WORD : BIGRAM_PROBABILITY_FOR_OOV_WORD;
-        return new LanguageModelParam(ngramContext.getNthPrevWord(1 /* n */), word,
-                unigramProbability, bigramProbability, timestamp);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/WordInputEventForPersonalization.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/WordInputEventForPersonalization.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..644fda5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/WordInputEventForPersonalization.java
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.NgramContext;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SpacingAndPunctuations;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.DistracterFilter.HandlingType;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Locale;
+
+// Note: this class is used as a parameter type of a native method. You should be careful when you
+// rename this class or field name. See BinaryDictionary#addMultipleDictionaryEntriesNative().
+public final class WordInputEventForPersonalization {
+    private static final String TAG = WordInputEventForPersonalization.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DEBUG_TOKEN = false;
+
+    public final int[] mTargetWord;
+    public final int mPrevWordsCount;
+    public final int[][] mPrevWordArray = new int[Constants.MAX_PREV_WORD_COUNT_FOR_N_GRAM][];
+    public final boolean[] mIsPrevWordBeginningOfSentenceArray =
+            new boolean[Constants.MAX_PREV_WORD_COUNT_FOR_N_GRAM];
+    public final boolean mIsValid;
+    // Time stamp in seconds.
+    public final int mTimestamp;
+
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public WordInputEventForPersonalization(final CharSequence targetWord,
+            final NgramContext ngramContext, final boolean isValid, final int timestamp) {
+        mTargetWord = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(targetWord);
+        mPrevWordsCount = ngramContext.getPrevWordCount();
+        ngramContext.outputToArray(mPrevWordArray, mIsPrevWordBeginningOfSentenceArray);
+        mIsValid = isValid;
+        mTimestamp = timestamp;
+    }
+
+    // Process a list of words and return a list of {@link WordInputEventForPersonalization}
+    // objects.
+    public static ArrayList<WordInputEventForPersonalization> createInputEventFrom(
+            final List<String> tokens, final int timestamp,
+            final SpacingAndPunctuations spacingAndPunctuations, final Locale locale,
+            final DistracterFilter distracterFilter) {
+        final ArrayList<WordInputEventForPersonalization> inputEvents = new ArrayList<>();
+        final int N = tokens.size();
+        NgramContext ngramContext = NgramContext.EMPTY_PREV_WORDS_INFO;
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            final String tempWord = tokens.get(i);
+            if (StringUtils.isEmptyStringOrWhiteSpaces(tempWord)) {
+                // just skip this token
+                if (DEBUG_TOKEN) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "--- isEmptyStringOrWhiteSpaces: \"" + tempWord + "\"");
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!DictionaryInfoUtils.looksValidForDictionaryInsertion(
+                    tempWord, spacingAndPunctuations)) {
+                if (DEBUG_TOKEN) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, "--- not looksValidForDictionaryInsertion: \""
+                            + tempWord + "\"");
+                }
+                // Sentence terminator found. Split.
+                // TODO: Detect whether the context is beginning-of-sentence.
+                ngramContext = NgramContext.EMPTY_PREV_WORDS_INFO;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (DEBUG_TOKEN) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "--- word: \"" + tempWord + "\"");
+            }
+            final WordInputEventForPersonalization inputEvent =
+                    detectWhetherVaildWordOrNotAndGetInputEvent(
+                            ngramContext, tempWord, timestamp, locale, distracterFilter);
+            if (inputEvent == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            inputEvents.add(inputEvent);
+            ngramContext = ngramContext.getNextNgramContext(new NgramContext.WordInfo(tempWord));
+        }
+        return inputEvents;
+    }
+
+    private static WordInputEventForPersonalization detectWhetherVaildWordOrNotAndGetInputEvent(
+            final NgramContext ngramContext, final String targetWord, final int timestamp,
+            final Locale locale, final DistracterFilter distracterFilter) {
+        if (locale == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final int wordHandlingType = distracterFilter.getWordHandlingType(ngramContext,
+                targetWord, locale);
+        final String word = HandlingType.shouldBeLowerCased(wordHandlingType) ?
+                targetWord.toLowerCase(locale) : targetWord;
+        if (distracterFilter.isDistracterToWordsInDictionaries(ngramContext, targetWord, locale)) {
+            // The word is a distracter.
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new WordInputEventForPersonalization(word, ngramContext,
+                !HandlingType.shouldBeHandledAsOov(wordHandlingType), timestamp);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
index 9239c84..118f600 100644
--- a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
@@ -453,98 +453,60 @@
             historicalInfo);
 }
 
-// Returns how many language model params are processed.
-static int latinime_BinaryDictionary_addMultipleDictionaryEntries(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
-        jlong dict, jobjectArray languageModelParams, jint startIndex) {
+// Returns how many input events are processed.
+static int latinime_BinaryDictionary_updateEntriesForInputEvents(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz,
+        jlong dict, jobjectArray inputEvents, jint startIndex) {
     Dictionary *dictionary = reinterpret_cast<Dictionary *>(dict);
     if (!dictionary) {
         return 0;
     }
-    jsize languageModelParamCount = env->GetArrayLength(languageModelParams);
-    if (languageModelParamCount == 0 || startIndex >= languageModelParamCount) {
+    jsize inputEventCount = env->GetArrayLength(inputEvents);
+    if (inputEventCount == 0 || startIndex >= inputEventCount) {
         return 0;
     }
-    jobject languageModelParam = env->GetObjectArrayElement(languageModelParams, 0);
-    jclass languageModelParamClass = env->GetObjectClass(languageModelParam);
-    env->DeleteLocalRef(languageModelParam);
+    jobject inputEvent = env->GetObjectArrayElement(inputEvents, 0);
+    jclass wordInputEventClass = env->GetObjectClass(inputEvent);
+    env->DeleteLocalRef(inputEvent);
 
-    jfieldID word0FieldId = env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mWord0", "[I");
-    jfieldID word1FieldId = env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mWord1", "[I");
-    jfieldID unigramProbabilityFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mUnigramProbability", "I");
-    jfieldID bigramProbabilityFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mBigramProbability", "I");
-    jfieldID timestampFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mTimestamp", "I");
-    jfieldID shortcutTargetFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mShortcutTarget", "[I");
-    jfieldID shortcutProbabilityFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mShortcutProbability", "I");
-    jfieldID isNotAWordFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mIsNotAWord", "Z");
-    jfieldID isPossiblyOffensiveFieldId =
-            env->GetFieldID(languageModelParamClass, "mIsPossiblyOffensive", "Z");
-    env->DeleteLocalRef(languageModelParamClass);
+    jfieldID targetWordFieldId = env->GetFieldID(wordInputEventClass, "mTargetWord", "[I");
+    jfieldID prevWordCountFieldId = env->GetFieldID(wordInputEventClass, "mPrevWordsCount", "I");
+    jfieldID prevWordArrayFieldId = env->GetFieldID(wordInputEventClass, "mPrevWordArray", "[[I");
+    jfieldID isPrevWordBoSArrayFieldId =
+            env->GetFieldID(wordInputEventClass, "mIsPrevWordBeginningOfSentenceArray", "[Z");
+    jfieldID isValidFieldId = env->GetFieldID(wordInputEventClass, "mIsValid", "Z");
+    jfieldID timestampFieldId = env->GetFieldID(wordInputEventClass, "mTimestamp", "I");
+    env->DeleteLocalRef(wordInputEventClass);
 
-    for (int i = startIndex; i < languageModelParamCount; ++i) {
-        jobject languageModelParam = env->GetObjectArrayElement(languageModelParams, i);
-        // languageModelParam is a set of params for word1; thus, word1 cannot be null. On the
-        // other hand, word0 can be null and then it means the set of params doesn't contain bigram
-        // information.
-        jintArray word0 = static_cast<jintArray>(
-                env->GetObjectField(languageModelParam, word0FieldId));
-        jsize word0Length = word0 ? env->GetArrayLength(word0) : 0;
-        int word0CodePoints[word0Length];
-        if (word0) {
-            env->GetIntArrayRegion(word0, 0, word0Length, word0CodePoints);
-        }
-        jintArray word1 = static_cast<jintArray>(
-                env->GetObjectField(languageModelParam, word1FieldId));
-        jsize word1Length = env->GetArrayLength(word1);
-        int word1CodePoints[word1Length];
-        env->GetIntArrayRegion(word1, 0, word1Length, word1CodePoints);
-        jint unigramProbability = env->GetIntField(languageModelParam, unigramProbabilityFieldId);
-        jint timestamp = env->GetIntField(languageModelParam, timestampFieldId);
-        jboolean isNotAWord = env->GetBooleanField(languageModelParam, isNotAWordFieldId);
-        jboolean isPossiblyOffensive = env->GetBooleanField(languageModelParam,
-                isPossiblyOffensiveFieldId);
-        jintArray shortcutTarget = static_cast<jintArray>(
-                env->GetObjectField(languageModelParam, shortcutTargetFieldId));
-        std::vector<UnigramProperty::ShortcutProperty> shortcuts;
-        {
-            std::vector<int> shortcutTargetCodePoints;
-            JniDataUtils::jintarrayToVector(env, shortcutTarget, &shortcutTargetCodePoints);
-            if (!shortcutTargetCodePoints.empty()) {
-                jint shortcutProbability =
-                        env->GetIntField(languageModelParam, shortcutProbabilityFieldId);
-                shortcuts.emplace_back(std::move(shortcutTargetCodePoints), shortcutProbability);
-            }
-        }
+    for (int i = startIndex; i < inputEventCount; ++i) {
+        jobject inputEvent = env->GetObjectArrayElement(inputEvents, i);
+        jintArray targetWord = static_cast<jintArray>(
+                env->GetObjectField(inputEvent, targetWordFieldId));
+        jsize wordLength = env->GetArrayLength(targetWord);
+        int wordCodePoints[wordLength];
+        env->GetIntArrayRegion(targetWord, 0, wordLength, wordCodePoints);
+        env->DeleteLocalRef(targetWord);
+
+        jint prevWordCount = env->GetIntField(inputEvent, prevWordCountFieldId);
+        jobjectArray prevWordArray =
+                static_cast<jobjectArray>(env->GetObjectField(inputEvent, prevWordArrayFieldId));
+        jbooleanArray isPrevWordBeginningOfSentenceArray = static_cast<jbooleanArray>(
+                env->GetObjectField(inputEvent, isPrevWordBoSArrayFieldId));
+        jboolean isValid = env->GetBooleanField(inputEvent, isValidFieldId);
+        jint timestamp = env->GetIntField(inputEvent, timestampFieldId);
+        const NgramContext ngramContext = JniDataUtils::constructNgramContext(env,
+                prevWordArray, isPrevWordBeginningOfSentenceArray, prevWordCount);
         // Use 1 for count to indicate the word has inputted.
-        const UnigramProperty unigramProperty(false /* isBeginningOfSentence */, isNotAWord,
-                isPossiblyOffensive, unigramProbability,
-                HistoricalInfo(timestamp, 0 /* level */, 1 /* count */), std::move(shortcuts));
-        dictionary->addUnigramEntry(CodePointArrayView(word1CodePoints, word1Length),
-                &unigramProperty);
-        if (word0) {
-            jint bigramProbability = env->GetIntField(languageModelParam, bigramProbabilityFieldId);
-            // Use 1 for count to indicate the bigram has inputted.
-            const NgramContext ngramContext(word0CodePoints, word0Length,
-                    false /* isBeginningOfSentence */);
-            const NgramProperty ngramProperty(ngramContext,
-                    CodePointArrayView(word1CodePoints, word1Length).toVector(),
-                    bigramProbability, HistoricalInfo(timestamp, 0 /* level */, 1 /* count */));
-            dictionary->addNgramEntry(&ngramProperty);
-        }
+        dictionary->updateEntriesForWordWithNgramContext(&ngramContext,
+                CodePointArrayView(wordCodePoints, wordLength), isValid,
+                HistoricalInfo(timestamp, 0 /* level */, 1 /* count */));
         if (dictionary->needsToRunGC(true /* mindsBlockByGC */)) {
             return i + 1;
         }
-        env->DeleteLocalRef(word0);
-        env->DeleteLocalRef(word1);
-        env->DeleteLocalRef(shortcutTarget);
-        env->DeleteLocalRef(languageModelParam);
+        env->DeleteLocalRef(prevWordArray);
+        env->DeleteLocalRef(isPrevWordBeginningOfSentenceArray);
+        env->DeleteLocalRef(inputEvent);
     }
-    return languageModelParamCount;
+    return inputEventCount;
 }
 
 static jstring latinime_BinaryDictionary_getProperty(JNIEnv *env, jclass clazz, jlong dict,
@@ -754,10 +716,10 @@
         reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_updateEntriesForWordWithNgramContext)
     },
     {
-        const_cast<char *>("addMultipleDictionaryEntriesNative"),
+        const_cast<char *>("updateEntriesForInputEventsNative"),
         const_cast<char *>(
-                "(J[Lcom/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/LanguageModelParam;I)I"),
-        reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_addMultipleDictionaryEntries)
+                "(J[Lcom/android/inputmethod/latin/utils/WordInputEventForPersonalization;I)I"),
+        reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_updateEntriesForInputEvents)
     },
     {
         const_cast<char *>("getPropertyNative"),
diff --git a/native/jni/src/utils/jni_data_utils.h b/native/jni/src/utils/jni_data_utils.h
index 25cc417..a259e1c 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/utils/jni_data_utils.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/utils/jni_data_utils.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
             const jsize keyUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(keyString);
             char keyChars[keyUtf8Length + 1];
             env->GetStringUTFRegion(keyString, 0, env->GetStringLength(keyString), keyChars);
+            env->DeleteLocalRef(keyString);
             keyChars[keyUtf8Length] = '\0';
             DictionaryHeaderStructurePolicy::AttributeMap::key_type key;
             HeaderReadWriteUtils::insertCharactersIntoVector(keyChars, &key);
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
             const jsize valueUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(valueString);
             char valueChars[valueUtf8Length + 1];
             env->GetStringUTFRegion(valueString, 0, env->GetStringLength(valueString), valueChars);
+            env->DeleteLocalRef(valueString);
             valueChars[valueUtf8Length] = '\0';
             DictionaryHeaderStructurePolicy::AttributeMap::mapped_type value;
             HeaderReadWriteUtils::insertCharactersIntoVector(valueChars, &value);
@@ -113,6 +115,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
             env->GetIntArrayRegion(prevWord, 0, prevWordLength, prevWordCodePoints[i]);
+            env->DeleteLocalRef(prevWord);
             prevWordCodePointCount[i] = prevWordLength;
             jboolean isBeginningOfSentenceBoolean = JNI_FALSE;
             env->GetBooleanArrayRegion(isBeginningOfSentenceArray, i, 1 /* len */,
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java
index 15f7568..8f3373c 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryDecayingTests.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.BinaryDictionaryUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.FileUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.LocaleUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.WordInputEventForPersonalization;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
@@ -748,4 +750,66 @@
 
         binaryDictionary.close();
     }
+
+    public void testUpdateEntriesForInputEvents() {
+        for (final int formatVersion : DICT_FORMAT_VERSIONS) {
+            testUpdateEntriesForInputEvents(formatVersion);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void testUpdateEntriesForInputEvents(final int formatVersion) {
+        setCurrentTimeForTestMode(mCurrentTime);
+        final int codePointSetSize = 20;
+        final int EVENT_COUNT = 1000;
+        final double CONTINUE_RATE = 0.9;
+        final long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        final Random random = new Random(seed);
+        final File dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile(formatVersion);
+
+        final int[] codePointSet = CodePointUtils.generateCodePointSet(codePointSetSize, random);
+        final ArrayList<String> unigrams = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Pair<String, String>> bigrams = new ArrayList<>();
+        final ArrayList<Pair<Pair<String, String>, String>> trigrams = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        final WordInputEventForPersonalization[] inputEvents =
+                new WordInputEventForPersonalization[EVENT_COUNT];
+        NgramContext ngramContext = NgramContext.EMPTY_PREV_WORDS_INFO;
+        int prevWordCount = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < inputEvents.length; i++) {
+            final String word = CodePointUtils.generateWord(random, codePointSet);
+            inputEvents[i] = new WordInputEventForPersonalization(word, ngramContext,
+                    true /* isValid */, mCurrentTime);
+            unigrams.add(word);
+            if (prevWordCount >= 2) {
+                final Pair<String, String> prevWordsPair = bigrams.get(bigrams.size() - 1);
+                trigrams.add(new Pair<>(prevWordsPair, word));
+            }
+            if (prevWordCount >= 1) {
+                bigrams.add(new Pair<>(ngramContext.getNthPrevWord(1 /* n */).toString(), word));
+            }
+            if (random.nextDouble() > CONTINUE_RATE) {
+                ngramContext = NgramContext.EMPTY_PREV_WORDS_INFO;
+                prevWordCount = 0;
+            } else {
+                ngramContext = ngramContext.getNextNgramContext(new WordInfo(word));
+                prevWordCount++;
+            }
+        }
+        final BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = getBinaryDictionary(dictFile);
+        binaryDictionary.updateEntriesForInputEvents(inputEvents);
+
+        for (final String word : unigrams) {
+            assertTrue(binaryDictionary.isInDictionary(word));
+        }
+        for (final Pair<String, String> bigram : bigrams) {
+            assertTrue(isValidBigram(binaryDictionary, bigram.first, bigram.second));
+        }
+        if (!supportsNgram(formatVersion)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (final Pair<Pair<String, String>, String> trigram : trigrams) {
+            assertTrue(isValidTrigram(binaryDictionary, trigram.first.first, trigram.first.second,
+                    trigram.second));
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java
index 5a72e41..0f2fa2f 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryTests.java
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.WordProperty;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.BinaryDictionaryUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.FileUtils;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.utils.LanguageModelParam;
 
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -884,63 +883,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void testAddMultipleDictionaryEntries() {
-        for (final int formatVersion : DICT_FORMAT_VERSIONS) {
-            testAddMultipleDictionaryEntries(formatVersion);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void testAddMultipleDictionaryEntries(final int formatVersion) {
-        final int codePointSetSize = 20;
-        final int lmParamCount = 1000;
-        final double bigramContinueRate = 0.9;
-        final long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
-        final Random random = new Random(seed);
-        final File dictFile = createEmptyDictionaryAndGetFile(formatVersion);
-
-        final int[] codePointSet = CodePointUtils.generateCodePointSet(codePointSetSize, random);
-        final HashMap<String, Integer> unigramProbabilities = new HashMap<>();
-        final HashMap<Pair<String, String>, Integer> bigramProbabilities = new HashMap<>();
-
-        final LanguageModelParam[] languageModelParams = new LanguageModelParam[lmParamCount];
-        String prevWord = null;
-        for (int i = 0; i < languageModelParams.length; i++) {
-            final String word = CodePointUtils.generateWord(random, codePointSet);
-            final int probability = random.nextInt(0xFF);
-            final int bigramProbability = probability + random.nextInt(0xFF - probability);
-            unigramProbabilities.put(word, probability);
-            if (prevWord == null) {
-                languageModelParams[i] = new LanguageModelParam(word, probability,
-                        BinaryDictionary.NOT_A_VALID_TIMESTAMP);
-            } else {
-                languageModelParams[i] = new LanguageModelParam(prevWord, word, probability,
-                        bigramProbability, BinaryDictionary.NOT_A_VALID_TIMESTAMP);
-                bigramProbabilities.put(new Pair<>(prevWord, word),
-                        bigramProbability);
-            }
-            prevWord = (random.nextDouble() < bigramContinueRate) ? word : null;
-        }
-
-        final BinaryDictionary binaryDictionary = getBinaryDictionary(dictFile);
-        binaryDictionary.addMultipleDictionaryEntries(languageModelParams);
-
-        for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> entry : unigramProbabilities.entrySet()) {
-            assertEquals((int)entry.getValue(), binaryDictionary.getFrequency(entry.getKey()));
-        }
-
-        for (Map.Entry<Pair<String, String>, Integer> entry : bigramProbabilities.entrySet()) {
-            final String word0 = entry.getKey().first;
-            final String word1 = entry.getKey().second;
-            final int bigramProbability = entry.getValue();
-            assertEquals(bigramProbability != Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY,
-                    isValidBigram(binaryDictionary, word0, word1));
-            if (canCheckBigramProbability(formatVersion)) {
-                assertEquals(bigramProbability,
-                        getBigramProbability(binaryDictionary, word0, word1));
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     public void testGetWordProperties() {
         for (final int formatVersion : DICT_FORMAT_VERSIONS) {
             testGetWordProperties(formatVersion);
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryTests.java
index 6ccb79d..dc6fb00 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/personalization/PersonalizationDictionaryTests.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.DictionaryFacilitator;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.RichInputMethodManager;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary.AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ExpandableBinaryDictionary.UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.common.CodePointUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.settings.SpacingAndPunctuations;
 
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@
                     true /* inputByUser */, tokens, timeStampInSeconds, DUMMY_PACKAGE_NAME,
                     LOCALE_EN_US.getLanguage());
             final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-            final AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback callback =
-                    new AddMultipleDictionaryEntriesCallback() {
+            final UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback callback =
+                    new UpdateEntriesForInputEventsCallback() {
                         @Override
                         public void onFinished() {
                             countDownLatch.countDown();