diff --git a/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cbf2e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index f99148b..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/cs_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cccb86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/da_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/da_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/da_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index a3d4318..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/da_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5db1aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/de_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/de_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/de_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index a4267b3..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/de_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/el_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/el_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b61da89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/el_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/el_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/el_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index af1d71d..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/el_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5909c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/en_GB_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03ea2b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/en_US_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_emoji.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_emoji.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fc009d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/en_emoji.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_gb_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/en_gb_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 274424c..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/en_gb_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_us_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/en_us_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index b5054ef..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/en_us_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_whitelist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/en_whitelist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index cf70a1a..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/en_whitelist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62c4540
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/en_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/en_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/en_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e57f42..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/en_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0a137c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/es_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/es_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/es_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index aaf0aa3..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/es_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32dc126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index b03565c..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/fi_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fr_emoji.combined.gz b/dictionaries/fr_emoji.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f292977
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/fr_emoji.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95a87e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 3134a04..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/fr_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..573c3e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 13998d9..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/hr_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d143bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/it_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/it_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/it_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index a75553d..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/it_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03cfa84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f00f63..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/lt_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b2ee77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 453ebb5..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/lv_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0644fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 91813b6..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/nb_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..748c5ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 72ebc61..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/nl_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638c8ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 5909a5f..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/pl_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f79520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/pt_BR_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66ed025
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/pt_PT_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pt_br_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/pt_br_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 53d4e42..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/pt_br_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/pt_pt_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/pt_pt_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index e3e8c3a..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/pt_pt_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/ru_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/ru_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62ae12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/ru_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/ru_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/ru_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 877f060..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/ru_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sample.combined b/dictionaries/sample.combined
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fa595e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/sample.combined
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# This is a sample wordlist that can be converted to a binary dictionary
+# for use by the Latin IME.
+# The file is essentially a CSV file, with indent level denoting nesting.
+#
+# The file starts with a single CSV line with the header attributes. Whatever
+# the content, these are included as is in the binary file. The first attribute
+# of the file should be `dictionary'. Usual fields are `locale', `description',
+# `date', `version', `options'.
+#
+# Each word has a `word' entry and at least a `f' argument denoting its
+# probability, as an integer between 0 and 255 on a logarithmic scale, with
+# 255 meaning 1 and each decrement in 1 dividing probability by 1.15.
+# As a special case, a weight of 0 is taken to mean profanity - words that
+# should not be considered a typo, but that should never be suggested
+# explicitly. An entry may be made not a word by adding a `not_a_word'
+# field with a value of `true'. The main reason for putting such entries
+# into the dictionary is to add shortcut targets and maybe a whitelist
+# replacement.
+#
+# Each word may or may not have any number of shortcut target lines
+# starting with a `shortcut' entry and having at least a `f' frequency
+# value between 0 and 14, or the special value `whitelist' which becomes
+# 15, which is then taken to be the whitelist target of this word.
+#
+# Each word may also have any number of bigram lines starting with a
+# `bigram' entry containing the following word whose frequency should
+# override the unigram frequency when following the word this bigram is
+# for.
+#
+dictionary=main:en,locale=en,description=Sample wordlist,date=1351495318,version=1
+ word=sample,f=200
+  bigram=wordlist,f=243
+ word=wordlist,f=180
+ word=shortcut,f=176
+  shortcut=target,f=10
+ word=witelisted,f=10,not_a_word=true
+  shortcut=whitelisted,f=whitelist
+ word=profanity,f=0
diff --git a/dictionaries/sample.xml b/dictionaries/sample.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index ad98f2b..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/sample.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-<!-- This is a sample wordlist that can be converted to a binary dictionary
-     for use by the Latin IME.
-     The format of the word list is a flat list of word entries.
-     Each entry has a frequency between 255 and 0.
-     Highest frequency words get more weight in the prediction algorithm. As a
-     special case, a weight of 0 is taken to mean profanity - words that should
-     not be considered a typo, but that should never be suggested explicitly.
-     You can capitalize words that must always be capitalized, such as "January".
-     You can have a capitalized and a non-capitalized word as separate entries,
-     such as "robin" and "Robin".
--->
-<wordlist>
-  <w f="255">this</w>
-  <w f="255">is</w>
-  <w f="128">sample</w>
-  <w f="1">wordlist</w>
-</wordlist>
diff --git a/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..845b55a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 3927b69..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/sl_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c15bc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index c2eea68..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/sr_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec399fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index caa63c4..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/sv_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz b/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e6ca32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.combined.gz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.xml.gz b/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.xml.gz
deleted file mode 100644
index 3599920..0000000
--- a/dictionaries/tr_wordlist.xml.gz
+++ /dev/null
Binary files differ
diff --git a/java/proguard.flags b/java/proguard.flags
index ac5b7df..d65924f 100644
--- a/java/proguard.flags
+++ b/java/proguard.flags
@@ -1,64 +1,11 @@
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.BinaryDictionary {
-  int mDictLength;
-  <init>(...);
+# Keep classes and methods that have the @UsedForTesting annotation
+-keep @com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting class *
+-keepclassmembers class * {
+@com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting *;
 }
 
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo {
-  <init>(com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo);
+# Keep classes and methods that have the @ExternallyReferenced annotation
+-keep @com.android.inputmethod.annotations.ExternallyReferenced class *
+-keepclassmembers class * {
+@com.android.inputmethod.annotations.ExternallyReferenced *;
 }
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.Suggest {
-  <init>(...);
-  com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords getSuggestions(...);
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.AutoCorrection {
-  java.lang.CharSequence getAutoCorrectionWord();
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.Utils {
-  boolean equalsIgnoreCase(...);
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.InputPointers {
-  *;
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.ResizableIntArray {
-  *;
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.latin.spellcheck.SpellCheckerSettingsFragment {
-  *;
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.MainKeyboardView {
-  # Keep getter/setter methods for ObjectAnimator
-  int getLanguageOnSpacebarAnimAlpha();
-  void setLanguageOnSpacebarAnimAlpha(int);
-  int getAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha();
-  void setAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha(int);
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.MoreKeysKeyboard$Builder$MoreKeysKeyboardParams {
-  <init>(...);
-}
-
--keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
-    native <methods>;
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.research.ResearchLogger {
-  void flush();
-  void publishCurrentLogUnit(...);
-}
-
--keep class com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardLayoutSet$Builder {
-  void setTouchPositionCorrectionEnabled(...);
-}
-
-# The support library contains references to newer platform versions.
-# Don't warn about those in case this app is linking against an older
-# platform version.  We know about them, and they are safe.
--dontwarn android.support.v4.**
--dontwarn android.support.v13.**
diff --git a/java/res/layout/suggestion_word.xml b/java/res/layout/suggestion_word.xml
index d64cacf..fa00e04 100644
--- a/java/res/layout/suggestion_word.xml
+++ b/java/res/layout/suggestion_word.xml
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 */
 -->
 
+<!-- Provide a haptic feedback by ourselves based on the keyboard settings.
+     We just need to ignore the system's haptic feedback settings. -->
 <TextView
     xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
@@ -29,6 +31,7 @@
     android:paddingTop="0dp"
     android:paddingRight="@dimen/suggestion_padding"
     android:paddingBottom="0dp"
+    android:hapticFeedbackEnabled="false"
     android:focusable="false"
     android:clickable="false"
     android:singleLine="true"
diff --git a/java/res/values-de/strings.xml b/java/res/values-de/strings.xml
index 897bfb7..288e37b 100644
--- a/java/res/values-de/strings.xml
+++ b/java/res/values-de/strings.xml
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     <string name="added_word" msgid="8993883354622484372">"<xliff:g id="WORD">%s</xliff:g>: gespeichert"</string>
     <string name="label_go_key" msgid="1635148082137219148">"Los"</string>
     <string name="label_next_key" msgid="362972844525672568">"Weiter"</string>
-    <string name="label_previous_key" msgid="1211868118071386787">"Vorh."</string>
+    <string name="label_previous_key" msgid="1211868118071386787">"Zurück"</string>
     <string name="label_done_key" msgid="2441578748772529288">"Fertig"</string>
     <string name="label_send_key" msgid="2815056534433717444">"Senden"</string>
     <string name="label_to_alpha_key" msgid="4793983863798817523">"ABC"</string>
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
     <string name="prefs_enable_log" msgid="6620424505072963557">"Nutzer-Feedback aktivieren"</string>
     <string name="prefs_description_log" msgid="5827825607258246003">"Tragen Sie zur Verbesserung dieses Eingabemethodeneditors bei, indem Sie automatisch Nutzungsstatistiken und Absturzberichte an Google senden."</string>
     <string name="keyboard_layout" msgid="8451164783510487501">"Tastaturdesign"</string>
-    <string name="subtype_en_GB" msgid="88170601942311355">"Englisch (Großbritannien)"</string>
+    <string name="subtype_en_GB" msgid="88170601942311355">"Englisch (UK)"</string>
     <string name="subtype_en_US" msgid="6160452336634534239">"Englisch (USA)"</string>
     <string name="subtype_with_layout_en_GB" msgid="2179097748724725906">"Englisch (GB) (<xliff:g id="LAYOUT">%s</xliff:g>)"</string>
     <string name="subtype_with_layout_en_US" msgid="1362581347576714579">"Englisch (USA) (<xliff:g id="LAYOUT">%s</xliff:g>)"</string>
diff --git a/java/res/values/styles.xml b/java/res/values/styles.xml
index dbb56ab..4766a22 100644
--- a/java/res/values/styles.xml
+++ b/java/res/values/styles.xml
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@
         <item name="keyboardTopPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="keyboardBottomPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="horizontalGap">0dp</item>
+        <item name="touchPositionCorrectionData">@null</item>
     </style>
     <style
         name="MoreKeysKeyboardView"
@@ -231,6 +232,7 @@
         <item name="keyboardTopPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="keyboardBottomPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="horizontalGap">0dp</item>
+        <item name="touchPositionCorrectionData">@null</item>
     </style>
     <style
         name="MoreKeysKeyboardView.Stone"
@@ -300,6 +302,7 @@
         <item name="keyboardTopPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="keyboardBottomPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="horizontalGap">0dp</item>
+        <item name="touchPositionCorrectionData">@null</item>
     </style>
     <style
         name="MoreKeysKeyboardView.Gingerbread"
@@ -355,6 +358,7 @@
         <item name="keyboardTopPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="keyboardBottomPadding">0dp</item>
         <item name="horizontalGap">0dp</item>
+        <item name="touchPositionCorrectionData">@null</item>
     </style>
     <style
         name="MoreKeysKeyboardView.IceCreamSandwich"
diff --git a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml
index d486b9d..b11bbba 100644
--- a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
                 latin:keyStyle="hasShiftedLetterHintStyle" />
             <Key
                 latin:keyLabel="3"
-                latin:keyHintLabel="#"
-                latin:additionalMoreKeys="#"
+                latin:keyHintLabel="\#"
+                latin:additionalMoreKeys="\#"
                 latin:moreKeys="!text/more_keys_for_symbols_3"
                 latin:keyStyle="hasShiftedLetterHintStyle" />
             <Key
diff --git a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_symbols2.xml b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_symbols2.xml
index d7067e0..7d7dcfe 100644
--- a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_symbols2.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rowkeys_symbols2.xml
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
         </case>
         <default>
             <Key
-                latin:keyLabel="#" />
+                latin:keyLabel="\#" />
         </default>
     </switch>
     <Key
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@
             <!-- U+066B: "٫" ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR -->
             <Key
                 latin:keyLabel="&#x066B;"
-                latin:keyHintLabel="#"
+                latin:keyHintLabel="\#"
                 latin:keyLabelFlags="hasPopupHint|hasShiftedLetterHint"
-                latin:moreKeys="#" />
+                latin:moreKeys="\#" />
         </case>
         <default>
             <Key
diff --git a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_number_normal.xml b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_number_normal.xml
index f692394..37bf2e8 100644
--- a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_number_normal.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_number_normal.xml
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
             latin:keyLabel="0"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <Key
-            latin:keyLabel="#"
+            latin:keyLabel="\#"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <!-- Note: This Spacer prevents the above key from being marked as a right edge key. -->
         <Spacer
diff --git a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_phone.xml b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_phone.xml
index dcc4fde..c4799bb 100644
--- a/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_phone.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml-sw600dp/rows_phone.xml
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
         <Key
             latin:keyStyle="num0KeyStyle" />
         <Key
-            latin:keyLabel="#"
+            latin:keyLabel="\#"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
     </Row>
 </merge>
diff --git a/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_number_normal.xml b/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_number_normal.xml
index d4d7c72..de49aba 100644
--- a/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_number_normal.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_number_normal.xml
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
             latin:keyLabel="0"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <Key
-            latin:keyLabel="#"
+            latin:keyLabel="\#"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <!-- Note: This Spacer prevents the above key from being marked as a right edge key. -->
         <Spacer
diff --git a/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_phone.xml b/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_phone.xml
index 2f718db..d06a63b 100644
--- a/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_phone.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml-sw768dp/rows_phone.xml
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
         <Key
             latin:keyStyle="num0KeyStyle" />
         <Key
-            latin:keyLabel="#"
+            latin:keyLabel="\#"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
    </Row>
 </merge>
diff --git a/java/res/xml/key_styles_currency.xml b/java/res/xml/key_styles_currency.xml
index 6dea16f..1dadbe0 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/key_styles_currency.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/key_styles_currency.xml
@@ -53,13 +53,13 @@
              22. Spain (es_ES, ca_ES)
              23. Vatican City (it_VA)
         -->
-        <!-- Though Denmark and Turkey don't using Euro as their currencies, but having Euro sign on
-             the symbol keyboard might be useful.  Especially Danish krone (kr) and Turkish lira
-             (TL) can be represented by usual alphabet letters. -->
+        <!-- Though Denmark, Sweden and Turkey don't use Euro as their currency, having the Euro
+             sign on the symbol keyboard might be useful.  Especially Danish krone (kr), Swedish
+             krona (kr) and Turkish lira (TL) can be represented by usual alphabet letters. -->
         <!-- Note: Some locales may not have country code, and it it supposed to indicate the
              country where the language originally/mainly spoken. -->
         <case
-            latin:localeCode="da|de|es|el|fi|fr|it|nl|sk|sl|pt_PT|tr"
+            latin:localeCode="da|de|es|el|fi|fr|it|nl|sk|sl|sv|pt_PT|tr"
         >
             <include
                 latin:keyboardLayout="@xml/key_styles_currency_euro" />
diff --git a/java/res/xml/keys_pcqwerty_symbols1.xml b/java/res/xml/keys_pcqwerty_symbols1.xml
index bf48b1f..2364e10 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/keys_pcqwerty_symbols1.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/keys_pcqwerty_symbols1.xml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     <Key
         latin:keyLabel="\@" />
     <Key
-        latin:keyLabel="#" />
+        latin:keyLabel="\#" />
     <Key
         latin:keyLabel="$" />
     <!-- U+2030: "‰" PER MILLE SIGN -->
diff --git a/java/res/xml/method.xml b/java/res/xml/method.xml
index 3d360a8..ff8998e 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/method.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/method.xml
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     en_GB: English Great Britain/qwerty
     eo: Esperanto/spanish
     es: Spanish/spanish
+    es_419: Spanish Latin America/qwerty
     et: Estonian/nordic
     fa: Persian/arabic
     fi: Finnish/nordic
@@ -184,6 +185,13 @@
     />
     <subtype android:icon="@drawable/ic_subtype_keyboard"
             android:label="@string/subtype_generic"
+            android:subtypeId="1648333446"
+            android:imeSubtypeLocale="es_419"
+            android:imeSubtypeMode="keyboard"
+            android:imeSubtypeExtraValue="KeyboardLayoutSet=qwerty,AsciiCapable"
+    />
+    <subtype android:icon="@drawable/ic_subtype_keyboard"
+            android:label="@string/subtype_generic"
             android:subtypeId="-332580523"
             android:imeSubtypeLocale="et"
             android:imeSubtypeMode="keyboard"
diff --git a/java/res/xml/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml b/java/res/xml/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml
index 0ecda35..b2d1d37 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/rowkeys_pcqwerty1.xml
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
                 latin:moreKeys="!text/more_keys_for_symbols_2" />
             <Key
                 latin:keyLabel="3"
-                latin:additionalMoreKeys="#"
+                latin:additionalMoreKeys="\#"
                 latin:moreKeys="!text/more_keys_for_symbols_3" />
             <Key
                 latin:keyLabel="4"
diff --git a/java/res/xml/rowkeys_symbols2.xml b/java/res/xml/rowkeys_symbols2.xml
index 425e204..d3c1278 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/rowkeys_symbols2.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/rowkeys_symbols2.xml
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@
                 latin:moreKeys="\@" />
             <Key
                 latin:keyLabel="&#x066B;"
-                latin:keyHintLabel="#"
-                latin:moreKeys="#" />
+                latin:keyHintLabel="\#"
+                latin:moreKeys="\#" />
         </case>
         <default>
             <Key
                 latin:keyLabel="\@" />
             <Key
-                latin:keyLabel="#" />
+                latin:keyLabel="\#" />
         </default>
     </switch>
     <Key
diff --git a/java/res/xml/rows_number_normal.xml b/java/res/xml/rows_number_normal.xml
index c59e262..b77544b 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/rows_number_normal.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/rows_number_normal.xml
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <Key
             latin:keyLabel="-"
+            latin:moreKeys="+"
+            latin:keyLabelFlags="hasPopupHint"
             latin:keyStyle="numFunctionalKeyStyle"
             latin:keyWidth="fillRight" />
     </Row>
diff --git a/java/res/xml/rows_phone.xml b/java/res/xml/rows_phone.xml
index 630b24e..9299c2a 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/rows_phone.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/rows_phone.xml
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
             latin:keyStyle="num3KeyStyle" />
         <Key
             latin:keyLabel="-"
+            latin:moreKeys="+"
+            latin:keyLabelFlags="hasPopupHint"
             latin:keyStyle="numFunctionalKeyStyle"
             latin:keyWidth="fillRight" />
     </Row>
diff --git a/java/res/xml/rows_phone_symbols.xml b/java/res/xml/rows_phone_symbols.xml
index 7841c56..8c10a2d 100644
--- a/java/res/xml/rows_phone_symbols.xml
+++ b/java/res/xml/rows_phone_symbols.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <Key
             latin:keyLabel="-"
+            latin:moreKeys="+"
+            latin:keyLabelFlags="hasPopupHint"
             latin:keyStyle="numFunctionalKeyStyle"
             latin:keyWidth="fillRight" />
     </Row>
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@
         <Key
             latin:keyStyle="numWaitKeyStyle" />
         <Key
-            latin:keyLabel="#"
+            latin:keyLabel="\#"
             latin:keyStyle="numKeyStyle" />
         <Key
             latin:keyStyle="deleteKeyStyle"
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/KeyCodeDescriptionMapper.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/KeyCodeDescriptionMapper.java
index 32618ad..b87ae3a 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/KeyCodeDescriptionMapper.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/accessibility/KeyCodeDescriptionMapper.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardId;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -61,17 +62,19 @@
         mKeyLabelMap.put(":-)", R.string.spoken_description_smiley);
 
         // Special non-character codes defined in Keyboard
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE, R.string.spoken_description_space);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE, R.string.spoken_description_delete);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_ENTER, R.string.spoken_description_return);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_SETTINGS, R.string.spoken_description_settings);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT, R.string.spoken_description_shift);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_SHORTCUT, R.string.spoken_description_mic);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL, R.string.spoken_description_to_symbol);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_TAB, R.string.spoken_description_tab);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH, R.string.spoken_description_language_switch);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_NEXT, R.string.spoken_description_action_next);
-        mKeyCodeMap.put(Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS, R.string.spoken_description_action_previous);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_SPACE, R.string.spoken_description_space);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_DELETE, R.string.spoken_description_delete);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_ENTER, R.string.spoken_description_return);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_SETTINGS, R.string.spoken_description_settings);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_SHIFT, R.string.spoken_description_shift);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_SHORTCUT, R.string.spoken_description_mic);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL, R.string.spoken_description_to_symbol);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_TAB, R.string.spoken_description_tab);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH,
+                R.string.spoken_description_language_switch);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_ACTION_NEXT, R.string.spoken_description_action_next);
+        mKeyCodeMap.put(Constants.CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS,
+                R.string.spoken_description_action_previous);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -97,17 +100,17 @@
             boolean shouldObscure) {
         final int code = key.mCode;
 
-        if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
             final String description = getDescriptionForSwitchAlphaSymbol(context, keyboard);
             if (description != null)
                 return description;
         }
 
-        if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_SHIFT) {
             return getDescriptionForShiftKey(context, keyboard);
         }
 
-        if (code == Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_ENTER) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_ACTION_ENTER) {
             return getDescriptionForActionKey(context, keyboard, key);
         }
 
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@
         }
 
         // Just attempt to speak the description.
-        if (key.mCode != Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        if (key.mCode != Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
             return getDescriptionForKeyCode(context, keyboard, key, shouldObscure);
         }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/annotations/ExternallyReferenced.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/annotations/ExternallyReferenced.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea5f12c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/annotations/ExternallyReferenced.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.annotations;
+
+/**
+ * Denotes that the class, method or field should not be eliminated by ProGuard,
+ * because it is externally referenced. (See proguard.flags)
+ */
+public @interface ExternallyReferenced {
+}
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/annotations/UsedForTesting.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/annotations/UsedForTesting.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ada091
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/annotations/UsedForTesting.java
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.annotations;
+
+/**
+ * Denotes that the class, method or field should not be eliminated by ProGuard,
+ * so that unit tests can access it. (See proguard.flags)
+ */
+public @interface UsedForTesting {
+}
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/compat/SuggestionSpanUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/compat/SuggestionSpanUtils.java
index 159f436..c1609ea 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/compat/SuggestionSpanUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/compat/SuggestionSpanUtils.java
@@ -83,14 +83,13 @@
     }
 
     public static CharSequence getTextWithAutoCorrectionIndicatorUnderline(
-            Context context, CharSequence text) {
+            final Context context, final String text) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text) || CONSTRUCTOR_SuggestionSpan == null
                 || OBJ_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECTION == null || OBJ_SUGGESTIONS_MAX_SIZE == null
                 || OBJ_FLAG_MISSPELLED == null || OBJ_FLAG_EASY_CORRECT == null) {
             return text;
         }
-        final Spannable spannable = text instanceof Spannable
-                ? (Spannable) text : new SpannableString(text);
+        final Spannable spannable = new SpannableString(text);
         final Object[] args =
                 { context, null, new String[] {}, (int)OBJ_FLAG_AUTO_CORRECTION,
                         (Class<?>) SuggestionSpanPickedNotificationReceiver.class };
@@ -104,28 +103,24 @@
         return spannable;
     }
 
-    public static CharSequence getTextWithSuggestionSpan(Context context,
-            CharSequence pickedWord, SuggestedWords suggestedWords, boolean dictionaryAvailable) {
+    public static CharSequence getTextWithSuggestionSpan(final Context context,
+            final String pickedWord, final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
+            final boolean dictionaryAvailable) {
         if (!dictionaryAvailable || TextUtils.isEmpty(pickedWord)
                 || CONSTRUCTOR_SuggestionSpan == null
-                || suggestedWords == null || suggestedWords.size() == 0
-                || suggestedWords.mIsPrediction || suggestedWords.mIsPunctuationSuggestions
+                || suggestedWords.isEmpty() || suggestedWords.mIsPrediction
+                || suggestedWords.mIsPunctuationSuggestions
                 || OBJ_SUGGESTIONS_MAX_SIZE == null) {
             return pickedWord;
         }
 
-        final Spannable spannable;
-        if (pickedWord instanceof Spannable) {
-            spannable = (Spannable) pickedWord;
-        } else {
-            spannable = new SpannableString(pickedWord);
-        }
+        final Spannable spannable = new SpannableString(pickedWord);
         final ArrayList<String> suggestionsList = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
         for (int i = 0; i < suggestedWords.size(); ++i) {
             if (suggestionsList.size() >= OBJ_SUGGESTIONS_MAX_SIZE) {
                 break;
             }
-            final CharSequence word = suggestedWords.getWord(i);
+            final String word = suggestedWords.getWord(i);
             if (!TextUtils.equals(pickedWord, word)) {
                 suggestionsList.add(word.toString());
             }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Key.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Key.java
index 30812e8..7346a9c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Key.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Key.java
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.keyboard;
 
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT;
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL;
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardIconsSet.ICON_UNDEFINED;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_SHIFT;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.content.res.TypedArray;
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardParams;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardRow;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.MoreKeySpec;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ResourceUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.StringUtils;
@@ -453,7 +454,7 @@
             label = "/" + mLabel;
         }
         return String.format("%s%s %d,%d %dx%d %s/%s/%s",
-                Keyboard.printableCode(mCode), label, mX, mY, mWidth, mHeight, mHintLabel,
+                Constants.printableCode(mCode), label, mX, mY, mWidth, mHeight, mHintLabel,
                 KeyboardIconsSet.getIconName(mIconId), backgroundName(mBackgroundType));
     }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyDetector.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyDetector.java
index aa683c1..0a91284 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyDetector.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyDetector.java
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
     }
 
     public static String printableCode(Key key) {
-        return key != null ? Keyboard.printableCode(key.mCode) : "none";
+        return key != null ? Constants.printableCode(key.mCode) : "none";
     }
 
     public static String printableCodes(int[] codes) {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
         for (final int code : codes) {
             if (code == Constants.NOT_A_CODE) break;
             if (addDelimiter) sb.append(", ");
-            sb.append(Keyboard.printableCode(code));
+            sb.append(Constants.printableCode(code));
             addDelimiter = true;
         }
         return "[" + sb + "]";
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Keyboard.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Keyboard.java
index b7c7f41..a1b1f5d 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Keyboard.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/Keyboard.java
@@ -16,15 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.keyboard;
 
-import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseArray;
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyVisualAttributes;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardIconsSet;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardParams;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
-
-
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 /**
  * Loads an XML description of a keyboard and stores the attributes of the keys. A keyboard
@@ -45,46 +43,6 @@
  * </pre>
  */
 public class Keyboard {
-    private static final String TAG = Keyboard.class.getSimpleName();
-
-    /** Some common keys code. Must be positive.
-     * These should be aligned with values/keycodes.xml
-     */
-    public static final int CODE_ENTER = '\n';
-    public static final int CODE_TAB = '\t';
-    public static final int CODE_SPACE = ' ';
-    public static final int CODE_PERIOD = '.';
-    public static final int CODE_DASH = '-';
-    public static final int CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE = '\'';
-    public static final int CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE = '"';
-    public static final int CODE_QUESTION_MARK = '?';
-    public static final int CODE_EXCLAMATION_MARK = '!';
-    // TODO: Check how this should work for right-to-left languages. It seems to stand
-    // that for rtl languages, a closing parenthesis is a left parenthesis. Is this
-    // managed by the font? Or is it a different char?
-    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_PARENTHESIS = ')';
-    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_SQUARE_BRACKET = ']';
-    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_CURLY_BRACKET = '}';
-    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_ANGLE_BRACKET = '>';
-
-    /** Special keys code. Must be negative.
-     * These should be aligned with KeyboardCodesSet.ID_TO_NAME[],
-     * KeyboardCodesSet.DEFAULT[] and KeyboardCodesSet.RTL[]
-     */
-    public static final int CODE_SHIFT = -1;
-    public static final int CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL = -2;
-    public static final int CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT = -3;
-    public static final int CODE_DELETE = -4;
-    public static final int CODE_SETTINGS = -5;
-    public static final int CODE_SHORTCUT = -6;
-    public static final int CODE_ACTION_ENTER = -7;
-    public static final int CODE_ACTION_NEXT = -8;
-    public static final int CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS = -9;
-    public static final int CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH = -10;
-    public static final int CODE_RESEARCH = -11;
-    // Code value representing the code is not specified.
-    public static final int CODE_UNSPECIFIED = -12;
-
     public final KeyboardId mId;
     public final int mThemeId;
 
@@ -163,7 +121,7 @@
     }
 
     public Key getKey(final int code) {
-        if (code == CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
             return null;
         }
         synchronized (mKeyCache) {
@@ -197,10 +155,6 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    public static boolean isLetterCode(final int code) {
-        return code >= CODE_SPACE;
-    }
-
     @Override
     public String toString() {
         return mId.toString();
@@ -219,27 +173,4 @@
         final int adjustedY = Math.max(0, Math.min(y, mOccupiedHeight - 1));
         return mProximityInfo.getNearestKeys(adjustedX, adjustedY);
     }
-
-    public static String printableCode(final int code) {
-        switch (code) {
-        case CODE_SHIFT: return "shift";
-        case CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL: return "symbol";
-        case CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT: return "text";
-        case CODE_DELETE: return "delete";
-        case CODE_SETTINGS: return "settings";
-        case CODE_SHORTCUT: return "shortcut";
-        case CODE_ACTION_ENTER: return "actionEnter";
-        case CODE_ACTION_NEXT: return "actionNext";
-        case CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS: return "actionPrevious";
-        case CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH: return "languageSwitch";
-        case CODE_UNSPECIFIED: return "unspec";
-        case CODE_TAB: return "tab";
-        case CODE_ENTER: return "enter";
-        default:
-            if (code <= 0) Log.w(TAG, "Unknown non-positive key code=" + code);
-            if (code < CODE_SPACE) return String.format("'\\u%02x'", code);
-            if (code < 0x100) return String.format("'%c'", code);
-            return String.format("'\\u%04x'", code);
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardActionListener.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardActionListener.java
index 5c8f78f..b612f09 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardActionListener.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardActionListener.java
@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@
     public void onCodeInput(int primaryCode, int x, int y);
 
     /**
-     * Sends a sequence of characters to the listener.
+     * Sends a string of characters to the listener.
      *
-     * @param text the sequence of characters to be displayed.
+     * @param text the string of characters to be registered.
      */
-    public void onTextInput(CharSequence text);
+    public void onTextInput(String text);
 
     /**
      * Called when user started batch input.
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
         @Override
         public void onCodeInput(int primaryCode, int x, int y) {}
         @Override
-        public void onTextInput(CharSequence text) {}
+        public void onTextInput(String text) {}
         @Override
         public void onStartBatchInput() {}
         @Override
@@ -112,13 +112,5 @@
         public boolean onCustomRequest(int requestCode) {
             return false;
         }
-
-        // TODO: Remove this method when the vertical correction is removed.
-        public static boolean isInvalidCoordinate(int coordinate) {
-            // Detect {@link Constants#NOT_A_COORDINATE},
-            // {@link Constants#SUGGESTION_STRIP_COORDINATE}, and
-            // {@link Constants#SPELL_CHECKER_COORDINATE}.
-            return coordinate < 0;
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardLayoutSet.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardLayoutSet.java
index c7813ab..4d5d7e1 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardLayoutSet.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardLayoutSet.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import android.view.inputmethod.EditorInfo;
 import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodSubtype;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.compat.EditorInfoCompatUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardBuilder;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardParams;
@@ -194,12 +195,11 @@
         final Params params = mParams;
         final boolean isSymbols = (keyboardLayoutSetElementId == KeyboardId.ELEMENT_SYMBOLS
                 || keyboardLayoutSetElementId == KeyboardId.ELEMENT_SYMBOLS_SHIFTED);
-        final boolean noLanguage = SubtypeLocale.isNoLanguage(params.mSubtype);
-        final boolean voiceKeyEnabled = params.mVoiceKeyEnabled && !noLanguage;
-        final boolean hasShortcutKey = voiceKeyEnabled && (isSymbols != params.mVoiceKeyOnMain);
+        final boolean hasShortcutKey = params.mVoiceKeyEnabled
+                && (isSymbols != params.mVoiceKeyOnMain);
         return new KeyboardId(keyboardLayoutSetElementId, params.mSubtype, params.mDeviceFormFactor,
                 params.mOrientation, params.mWidth, params.mMode, params.mEditorInfo,
-                params.mNoSettingsKey, voiceKeyEnabled, hasShortcutKey,
+                params.mNoSettingsKey, params.mVoiceKeyEnabled, hasShortcutKey,
                 params.mLanguageSwitchKeyEnabled);
     }
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
             return this;
         }
 
-        // For test only
+        @UsedForTesting
         public void disableTouchPositionCorrectionDataForTest() {
             mParams.mDisableTouchPositionCorrectionDataForTest = true;
         }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java
index de8097b..926f3ec 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/KeyboardSwitcher.java
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardLayoutSet.KeyboardLayoutSetException;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.PointerTracker.TimerProxy;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardState;
-import com.android.inputmethod.latin.DebugSettings;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ImfUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.InputView;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinIME;
@@ -65,9 +65,9 @@
         new KeyboardTheme(5, R.style.KeyboardTheme_IceCreamSandwich),
     };
 
+    private AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager mFeedbackManager;
     private SubtypeSwitcher mSubtypeSwitcher;
     private SharedPreferences mPrefs;
-    private boolean mForceNonDistinctMultitouch;
 
     private InputView mCurrentInputView;
     private MainKeyboardView mKeyboardView;
@@ -102,12 +102,11 @@
     private void initInternal(LatinIME latinIme, SharedPreferences prefs) {
         mLatinIME = latinIme;
         mResources = latinIme.getResources();
+        mFeedbackManager = new AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager(latinIme);
         mPrefs = prefs;
         mSubtypeSwitcher = SubtypeSwitcher.getInstance();
         mState = new KeyboardState(this);
         setContextThemeWrapper(latinIme, getKeyboardTheme(latinIme, prefs));
-        mForceNonDistinctMultitouch = prefs.getBoolean(
-                DebugSettings.FORCE_NON_DISTINCT_MULTITOUCH_KEY, false);
     }
 
     private static KeyboardTheme getKeyboardTheme(Context context, SharedPreferences prefs) {
@@ -147,6 +146,7 @@
         mKeyboardLayoutSet = builder.build();
         try {
             mState.onLoadKeyboard(mResources.getString(R.string.layout_switch_back_symbols));
+            mFeedbackManager.onSettingsChanged(settingsValues);
         } catch (KeyboardLayoutSetException e) {
             Log.w(TAG, "loading keyboard failed: " + e.mKeyboardId, e.getCause());
             LatinImeLogger.logOnException(e.mKeyboardId.toString(), e.getCause());
@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public void onRingerModeChanged() {
+        mFeedbackManager.onRingerModeChanged();
+    }
+
     public void saveKeyboardState() {
         if (getKeyboard() != null) {
             mState.onSaveKeyboardState();
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@
 
     public void onPressKey(int code) {
         if (isVibrateAndSoundFeedbackRequired()) {
-            mLatinIME.hapticAndAudioFeedback(code);
+            mFeedbackManager.hapticAndAudioFeedback(code, mKeyboardView);
         }
         mState.onPressKey(code, isSinglePointer(), mLatinIME.getCurrentAutoCapsState());
     }
@@ -320,7 +324,7 @@
     // Implements {@link KeyboardState.SwitchActions}.
     @Override
     public void hapticAndAudioFeedback(int code) {
-        mLatinIME.hapticAndAudioFeedback(code);
+        mFeedbackManager.hapticAndAudioFeedback(code, mKeyboardView);
     }
 
     public void onLongPressTimeout(int code) {
@@ -339,10 +343,6 @@
         return mKeyboardView != null && mKeyboardView.getPointerCount() == 1;
     }
 
-    public boolean hasDistinctMultitouch() {
-        return mKeyboardView != null && mKeyboardView.hasDistinctMultitouch();
-    }
-
     /**
      * Updates state machine to figure out when to automatically switch back to the previous mode.
      */
@@ -369,9 +369,6 @@
             // TODO: Should use LAYER_TYPE_SOFTWARE when hardware acceleration is off?
         }
         mKeyboardView.setKeyboardActionListener(mLatinIME);
-        if (mForceNonDistinctMultitouch) {
-            mKeyboardView.setDistinctMultitouch(false);
-        }
 
         // This always needs to be set since the accessibility state can
         // potentially change without the input view being re-created.
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MainKeyboardView.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MainKeyboardView.java
index 3e6f92c..e60a8a9 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MainKeyboardView.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MainKeyboardView.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.animation.AnimatorInflater;
 import android.animation.ObjectAnimator;
 import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.SharedPreferences;
 import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.content.res.TypedArray;
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@
 import android.graphics.Typeface;
 import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
 import android.os.Message;
-import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
 import android.util.AttributeSet;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.view.LayoutInflater;
@@ -41,11 +42,13 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.accessibility.AccessibilityUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.accessibility.AccessibleKeyboardViewProxy;
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.ExternallyReferenced;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.PointerTracker.DrawingProxy;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.PointerTracker.TimerProxy;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyDrawParams;
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler;
+import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.TouchScreenRegulator;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.DebugSettings;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinIME;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@
  * @attr ref R.styleable#MainKeyboardView_suppressKeyPreviewAfterBatchInputDuration
  */
 public final class MainKeyboardView extends KeyboardView implements PointerTracker.KeyEventHandler,
-        SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler.ProcessMotionEvent {
+        TouchScreenRegulator.ProcessMotionEvent {
     private static final String TAG = MainKeyboardView.class.getSimpleName();
 
     // TODO: Kill process when the usability study mode was changed.
@@ -138,10 +141,10 @@
             new WeakHashMap<Key, MoreKeysPanel>();
     private final boolean mConfigShowMoreKeysKeyboardAtTouchedPoint;
 
-    private final SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler mTouchScreenRegulator;
+    private final TouchScreenRegulator mTouchScreenRegulator;
 
     protected KeyDetector mKeyDetector;
-    private boolean mHasDistinctMultitouch;
+    private final boolean mHasDistinctMultitouch;
     private int mOldPointerCount = 1;
     private Key mOldKey;
 
@@ -203,7 +206,9 @@
 
         private void startKeyRepeatTimer(final PointerTracker tracker, final long delay) {
             final Key key = tracker.getKey();
-            if (key == null) return;
+            if (key == null) {
+                return;
+            }
             sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(MSG_REPEAT_KEY, key.mCode, 0, tracker), delay);
         }
 
@@ -226,7 +231,7 @@
             cancelLongPressTimer();
             final int delay;
             switch (code) {
-            case Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT:
+            case Constants.CODE_SHIFT:
                 delay = mLongPressShiftKeyTimeout;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -247,7 +252,7 @@
             final Key key = tracker.getKey();
             final int delay;
             switch (key.mCode) {
-            case Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT:
+            case Constants.CODE_SHIFT:
                 delay = mLongPressShiftKeyTimeout;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -304,7 +309,7 @@
 
             // When user hits the space or the enter key, just cancel the while-typing timer.
             final int typedCode = typedKey.mCode;
-            if (typedCode == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE || typedCode == Keyboard.CODE_ENTER) {
+            if (typedCode == Constants.CODE_SPACE || typedCode == Constants.CODE_ENTER) {
                 startWhileTypingFadeinAnimation(keyboardView);
                 return;
             }
@@ -356,15 +361,19 @@
     public MainKeyboardView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs, final int defStyle) {
         super(context, attrs, defStyle);
 
-        mTouchScreenRegulator = new SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler(getContext(), this);
+        mTouchScreenRegulator = new TouchScreenRegulator(context, this);
 
-        mHasDistinctMultitouch = context.getPackageManager()
+        final SharedPreferences prefs = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(context);
+        final boolean forceNonDistinctMultitouch = prefs.getBoolean(
+                DebugSettings.FORCE_NON_DISTINCT_MULTITOUCH_KEY, false);
+        final boolean hasDistinctMultitouch = context.getPackageManager()
                 .hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_TOUCHSCREEN_MULTITOUCH_DISTINCT);
+        mHasDistinctMultitouch = hasDistinctMultitouch && !forceNonDistinctMultitouch;
         final Resources res = getResources();
         final boolean needsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack = Boolean.parseBoolean(
                 ResourceUtils.getDeviceOverrideValue(res,
                         R.array.phantom_sudden_move_event_device_list, "false"));
-        PointerTracker.init(mHasDistinctMultitouch, needsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack);
+        PointerTracker.init(needsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack);
 
         final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(
                 attrs, R.styleable.MainKeyboardView, defStyle, R.style.MainKeyboardView);
@@ -408,7 +417,9 @@
     }
 
     private ObjectAnimator loadObjectAnimator(final int resId, final Object target) {
-        if (resId == 0) return null;
+        if (resId == 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
         final ObjectAnimator animator = (ObjectAnimator)AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(
                 getContext(), resId);
         if (animator != null) {
@@ -417,20 +428,23 @@
         return animator;
     }
 
-    // Getter/setter methods for {@link ObjectAnimator}.
+    @ExternallyReferenced
     public int getLanguageOnSpacebarAnimAlpha() {
         return mLanguageOnSpacebarAnimAlpha;
     }
 
+    @ExternallyReferenced
     public void setLanguageOnSpacebarAnimAlpha(final int alpha) {
         mLanguageOnSpacebarAnimAlpha = alpha;
         invalidateKey(mSpaceKey);
     }
 
+    @ExternallyReferenced
     public int getAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha() {
         return mAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha;
     }
 
+    @ExternallyReferenced
     public void setAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha(final int alpha) {
         mAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha = alpha;
         updateAltCodeKeyWhileTyping();
@@ -480,10 +494,10 @@
         mKeyDetector.setKeyboard(
                 keyboard, -getPaddingLeft(), -getPaddingTop() + mVerticalCorrection);
         PointerTracker.setKeyDetector(mKeyDetector);
-        mTouchScreenRegulator.setKeyboard(keyboard);
+        mTouchScreenRegulator.setKeyboardGeometry(keyboard.mOccupiedWidth);
         mMoreKeysPanelCache.clear();
 
-        mSpaceKey = keyboard.getKey(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+        mSpaceKey = keyboard.getKey(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
         mSpaceIcon = (mSpaceKey != null)
                 ? mSpaceKey.getIcon(keyboard.mIconsSet, Constants.Color.ALPHA_OPAQUE) : null;
         final int keyHeight = keyboard.mMostCommonKeyHeight - keyboard.mVerticalGap;
@@ -506,18 +520,6 @@
         PointerTracker.setGestureHandlingEnabledByUser(gestureHandlingEnabledByUser);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns whether the device has distinct multi-touch panel.
-     * @return true if the device has distinct multi-touch panel.
-     */
-    public boolean hasDistinctMultitouch() {
-        return mHasDistinctMultitouch;
-    }
-
-    public void setDistinctMultitouch(final boolean hasDistinctMultitouch) {
-        mHasDistinctMultitouch = hasDistinctMultitouch;
-    }
-
     @Override
     protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
         super.onAttachedToWindow();
@@ -553,21 +555,25 @@
         }
 
         // Check if we are already displaying popup panel.
-        if (mMoreKeysPanel != null)
+        if (mMoreKeysPanel != null) {
             return false;
-        if (parentKey == null)
+        }
+        if (parentKey == null) {
             return false;
+        }
         return onLongPress(parentKey, tracker);
     }
 
     // This default implementation returns a more keys panel.
     protected MoreKeysPanel onCreateMoreKeysPanel(final Key parentKey) {
-        if (parentKey.mMoreKeys == null)
+        if (parentKey.mMoreKeys == null) {
             return null;
+        }
 
         final View container = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(mMoreKeysLayout, null);
-        if (container == null)
+        if (container == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
 
         final MoreKeysKeyboardView moreKeysKeyboardView =
                 (MoreKeysKeyboardView)container.findViewById(R.id.more_keys_keyboard_view);
@@ -600,7 +606,7 @@
             KeyboardSwitcher.getInstance().hapticAndAudioFeedback(primaryCode);
             return true;
         }
-        if (primaryCode == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE || primaryCode == Keyboard.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH) {
+        if (primaryCode == Constants.CODE_SPACE || primaryCode == Constants.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH) {
             // Long pressing the space key invokes IME switcher dialog.
             if (invokeCustomRequest(LatinIME.CODE_SHOW_INPUT_METHOD_PICKER)) {
                 tracker.onLongPressed();
@@ -628,8 +634,9 @@
         MoreKeysPanel moreKeysPanel = mMoreKeysPanelCache.get(parentKey);
         if (moreKeysPanel == null) {
             moreKeysPanel = onCreateMoreKeysPanel(parentKey);
-            if (moreKeysPanel == null)
+            if (moreKeysPanel == null) {
                 return false;
+            }
             mMoreKeysPanelCache.put(parentKey, moreKeysPanel);
         }
         if (mMoreKeysWindow == null) {
@@ -665,9 +672,8 @@
     public boolean isInSlidingKeyInput() {
         if (mMoreKeysPanel != null) {
             return true;
-        } else {
-            return PointerTracker.isAnyInSlidingKeyInput();
         }
+        return PointerTracker.isAnyInSlidingKeyInput();
     }
 
     public int getPointerCount() {
@@ -716,39 +722,15 @@
             x = (int)me.getX(index);
             y = (int)me.getY(index);
         }
-        if (ENABLE_USABILITY_STUDY_LOG) {
-            final String eventTag;
-            switch (action) {
-                case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
-                    eventTag = "[Up]";
-                    break;
-                case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
-                    eventTag = "[Down]";
-                    break;
-                case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
-                    eventTag = "[PointerUp]";
-                    break;
-                case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
-                    eventTag = "[PointerDown]";
-                    break;
-                case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: // Skip this as being logged below
-                    eventTag = "";
-                    break;
-                default:
-                    eventTag = "[Action" + action + "]";
-                    break;
-            }
-            if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(eventTag)) {
-                final float size = me.getSize(index);
-                final float pressure = me.getPressure(index);
-                UsabilityStudyLogUtils.getInstance().write(
-                        eventTag + eventTime + "," + id + "," + x + "," + y + ","
-                        + size + "," + pressure);
-            }
+        // TODO: This might be moved to the tracker.processMotionEvent() call below.
+        if (ENABLE_USABILITY_STUDY_LOG && action != MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE) {
+            writeUsabilityStudyLog(me, action, eventTime, index, id, x, y);
         }
+        // TODO: This should be moved to the tracker.processMotionEvent() call below.
+        // Currently the same "move" event is being logged twice.
         if (ProductionFlag.IS_EXPERIMENTAL) {
-            ResearchLogger.mainKeyboardView_processMotionEvent(me, action, eventTime, index, id,
-                    x, y);
+            ResearchLogger.mainKeyboardView_processMotionEvent(
+                    me, action, eventTime, index, id, x, y);
         }
 
         if (mKeyTimerHandler.isInKeyRepeat()) {
@@ -774,8 +756,9 @@
                 final Key newKey = tracker.getKeyOn(x, y);
                 if (mOldKey != newKey) {
                     tracker.onDownEvent(x, y, eventTime, this);
-                    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP)
+                    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP) {
                         tracker.onUpEvent(x, y, eventTime);
+                    }
                 }
             } else if (pointerCount == 2 && oldPointerCount == 1) {
                 // Single-touch to multi-touch transition.
@@ -812,15 +795,11 @@
                 }
                 tracker.onMoveEvent(px, py, eventTime, motionEvent);
                 if (ENABLE_USABILITY_STUDY_LOG) {
-                    final float pointerSize = me.getSize(i);
-                    final float pointerPressure = me.getPressure(i);
-                    UsabilityStudyLogUtils.getInstance().write("[Move]"  + eventTime + ","
-                            + pointerId + "," + px + "," + py + ","
-                            + pointerSize + "," + pointerPressure);
+                    writeUsabilityStudyLog(me, action, eventTime, i, pointerId, px, py);
                 }
                 if (ProductionFlag.IS_EXPERIMENTAL) {
-                    ResearchLogger.mainKeyboardView_processMotionEvent(me, action, eventTime,
-                            i, pointerId, px, py);
+                    ResearchLogger.mainKeyboardView_processMotionEvent(
+                            me, action, eventTime, i, pointerId, px, py);
                 }
             }
         } else {
@@ -831,6 +810,35 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    private static void writeUsabilityStudyLog(final MotionEvent me, final int action,
+            final long eventTime, final int index, final int id, final int x, final int y) {
+        final String eventTag;
+        switch (action) {
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
+            eventTag = "[Up]";
+            break;
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
+            eventTag = "[Down]";
+            break;
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP:
+            eventTag = "[PointerUp]";
+            break;
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
+            eventTag = "[PointerDown]";
+            break;
+        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
+            eventTag = "[Move]";
+            break;
+        default:
+            eventTag = "[Action" + action + "]";
+            break;
+        }
+        final float size = me.getSize(index);
+        final float pressure = me.getPressure(index);
+        UsabilityStudyLogUtils.getInstance().write(
+                eventTag + eventTime + "," + id + "," + x + "," + y + "," + size + "," + pressure);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void closing() {
         super.closing();
@@ -840,14 +848,14 @@
 
     @Override
     public boolean dismissMoreKeysPanel() {
-        if (mMoreKeysWindow != null && mMoreKeysWindow.isShowing()) {
-            mMoreKeysWindow.dismiss();
-            mMoreKeysPanel = null;
-            mMoreKeysPanelPointerTrackerId = -1;
-            dimEntireKeyboard(false);
-            return true;
+        if (mMoreKeysWindow == null || !mMoreKeysWindow.isShowing()) {
+            return false;
         }
-        return false;
+        mMoreKeysWindow.dismiss();
+        mMoreKeysPanel = null;
+        mMoreKeysPanelPointerTrackerId = -1;
+        dimEntireKeyboard(false);
+        return true;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -870,16 +878,22 @@
 
     public void updateShortcutKey(final boolean available) {
         final Keyboard keyboard = getKeyboard();
-        if (keyboard == null) return;
-        final Key shortcutKey = keyboard.getKey(Keyboard.CODE_SHORTCUT);
-        if (shortcutKey == null) return;
+        if (keyboard == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final Key shortcutKey = keyboard.getKey(Constants.CODE_SHORTCUT);
+        if (shortcutKey == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         shortcutKey.setEnabled(available);
         invalidateKey(shortcutKey);
     }
 
     private void updateAltCodeKeyWhileTyping() {
         final Keyboard keyboard = getKeyboard();
-        if (keyboard == null) return;
+        if (keyboard == null) {
+            return;
+        }
         for (final Key key : keyboard.mAltCodeKeysWhileTyping) {
             invalidateKey(key);
         }
@@ -909,7 +923,9 @@
     }
 
     public void updateAutoCorrectionState(final boolean isAutoCorrection) {
-        if (!mAutoCorrectionSpacebarLedEnabled) return;
+        if (!mAutoCorrectionSpacebarLedEnabled) {
+            return;
+        }
         mAutoCorrectionSpacebarLedOn = isAutoCorrection;
         invalidateKey(mSpaceKey);
     }
@@ -920,13 +936,13 @@
         if (key.altCodeWhileTyping() && key.isEnabled()) {
             params.mAnimAlpha = mAltCodeKeyWhileTypingAnimAlpha;
         }
-        if (key.mCode == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+        if (key.mCode == Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
             drawSpacebar(key, canvas, paint);
             // Whether space key needs to show the "..." popup hint for special purposes
             if (key.isLongPressEnabled() && mHasMultipleEnabledIMEsOrSubtypes) {
                 drawKeyPopupHint(key, canvas, paint, params);
             }
-        } else if (key.mCode == Keyboard.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH) {
+        } else if (key.mCode == Constants.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH) {
             super.onDrawKeyTopVisuals(key, canvas, paint, params);
             drawKeyPopupHint(key, canvas, paint, params);
         } else {
@@ -937,10 +953,14 @@
     private boolean fitsTextIntoWidth(final int width, final String text, final Paint paint) {
         paint.setTextScaleX(1.0f);
         final float textWidth = getLabelWidth(text, paint);
-        if (textWidth < width) return true;
+        if (textWidth < width) {
+            return true;
+        }
 
         final float scaleX = width / textWidth;
-        if (scaleX < MINIMUM_XSCALE_OF_LANGUAGE_NAME) return false;
+        if (scaleX < MINIMUM_XSCALE_OF_LANGUAGE_NAME) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
         paint.setTextScaleX(scaleX);
         return getLabelWidth(text, paint) < width;
@@ -950,19 +970,19 @@
     private String layoutLanguageOnSpacebar(final Paint paint, final InputMethodSubtype subtype,
             final int width) {
         // Choose appropriate language name to fit into the width.
-        String text = getFullDisplayName(subtype, getResources());
-        if (fitsTextIntoWidth(width, text, paint)) {
-            return text;
+        final String fullText = getFullDisplayName(subtype, getResources());
+        if (fitsTextIntoWidth(width, fullText, paint)) {
+            return fullText;
         }
 
-        text = getMiddleDisplayName(subtype);
-        if (fitsTextIntoWidth(width, text, paint)) {
-            return text;
+        final String middleText = getMiddleDisplayName(subtype);
+        if (fitsTextIntoWidth(width, middleText, paint)) {
+            return middleText;
         }
 
-        text = getShortDisplayName(subtype);
-        if (fitsTextIntoWidth(width, text, paint)) {
-            return text;
+        final String shortText = getShortDisplayName(subtype);
+        if (fitsTextIntoWidth(width, shortText, paint)) {
+            return shortText;
         }
 
         return "";
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboard.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboard.java
index d7d4be4..3826a39 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboard.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboard.java
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
 import android.view.View;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardBuilder;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardIconsSet;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardParams;
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@
         return mDefaultKeyCoordX;
     }
 
-    /* package for test */
+    @UsedForTesting
     static class MoreKeysKeyboardParams extends KeyboardParams {
         public boolean mIsFixedOrder;
         /* package */int mTopRowAdjustment;
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboardView.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboardView.java
index a506176..9c450e9 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboardView.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/MoreKeysKeyboardView.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     private final KeyboardActionListener mMoreKeysKeyboardListener =
             new KeyboardActionListener.Adapter() {
         @Override
-        public void onCodeInput(int primaryCode, int x, int y) {
+        public void onCodeInput(final int primaryCode, final int x, final int y) {
             // Because a more keys keyboard doesn't need proximity characters correction, we don't
             // send touch event coordinates.
             mListener.onCodeInput(
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onTextInput(CharSequence text) {
+        public void onTextInput(final String text) {
             mListener.onTextInput(text);
         }
 
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onUpdateBatchInput(InputPointers batchPointers) {
+        public void onUpdateBatchInput(final InputPointers batchPointers) {
             mListener.onUpdateBatchInput(batchPointers);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onEndBatchInput(InputPointers batchPointers) {
+        public void onEndBatchInput(final InputPointers batchPointers) {
             mListener.onEndBatchInput(batchPointers);
         }
 
@@ -81,21 +81,22 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onPressKey(int primaryCode) {
+        public void onPressKey(final int primaryCode) {
             mListener.onPressKey(primaryCode);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onReleaseKey(int primaryCode, boolean withSliding) {
+        public void onReleaseKey(final int primaryCode, final boolean withSliding) {
             mListener.onReleaseKey(primaryCode, withSliding);
         }
     };
 
-    public MoreKeysKeyboardView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
+    public MoreKeysKeyboardView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
         this(context, attrs, R.attr.moreKeysKeyboardViewStyle);
     }
 
-    public MoreKeysKeyboardView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
+    public MoreKeysKeyboardView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
+            final int defStyle) {
         super(context, attrs, defStyle);
 
         final Resources res = context.getResources();
@@ -105,7 +106,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
+    protected void onMeasure(final int widthMeasureSpec, final int heightMeasureSpec) {
         final Keyboard keyboard = getKeyboard();
         if (keyboard != null) {
             final int width = keyboard.mOccupiedWidth + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void setKeyboard(Keyboard keyboard) {
+    public void setKeyboard(final Keyboard keyboard) {
         super.setKeyboard(keyboard);
         mKeyDetector.setKeyboard(keyboard, -getPaddingLeft(),
                 -getPaddingTop() + mVerticalCorrection);
@@ -144,15 +145,16 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void setKeyPreviewPopupEnabled(boolean previewEnabled, int delay) {
+    public void setKeyPreviewPopupEnabled(final boolean previewEnabled, final int delay) {
         // More keys keyboard needs no pop-up key preview displayed, so we pass always false with a
         // delay of 0. The delay does not matter actually since the popup is not shown anyway.
         super.setKeyPreviewPopupEnabled(false, 0);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void showMoreKeysPanel(View parentView, Controller controller, int pointX, int pointY,
-            PopupWindow window, KeyboardActionListener listener) {
+    public void showMoreKeysPanel(final View parentView, final Controller controller,
+            final int pointX, final int pointY, final PopupWindow window,
+            final KeyboardActionListener listener) {
         mController = controller;
         mListener = listener;
         final View container = (View)getParent();
@@ -185,12 +187,12 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int translateX(int x) {
+    public int translateX(final int x) {
         return x - mOriginX;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int translateY(int y) {
+    public int translateY(final int y) {
         return y - mOriginY;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java
index d0f7cb2..c868052 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/PointerTracker.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.GestureStrokeWithPreviewPoints;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.PointerTrackerQueue;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.InputPointers;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@
     private static final boolean sNeedsProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack = true;
 
     private static final ArrayList<PointerTracker> sTrackers = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
-    private static PointerTrackerQueue sPointerTrackerQueue;
+    private static final PointerTrackerQueue sPointerTrackerQueue = new PointerTrackerQueue();
 
     public final int mPointerId;
 
@@ -325,13 +326,7 @@
 
     private final GestureStrokeWithPreviewPoints mGestureStrokeWithPreviewPoints;
 
-    public static void init(boolean hasDistinctMultitouch,
-            boolean needsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack) {
-        if (hasDistinctMultitouch) {
-            sPointerTrackerQueue = new PointerTrackerQueue();
-        } else {
-            sPointerTrackerQueue = null;
-        }
+    public static void init(final boolean needsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack) {
         sNeedsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack = needsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack;
         sParams = PointerTrackerParams.DEFAULT;
         sGestureStrokeParams = GestureStrokeParams.DEFAULT;
@@ -375,7 +370,7 @@
     }
 
     public static boolean isAnyInSlidingKeyInput() {
-        return sPointerTrackerQueue != null ? sPointerTrackerQueue.isAnyInSlidingKeyInput() : false;
+        return sPointerTrackerQueue.isAnyInSlidingKeyInput();
     }
 
     public static void setKeyboardActionListener(final KeyboardActionListener listener) {
@@ -453,8 +448,8 @@
         final boolean altersCode = key.altCodeWhileTyping() && mTimerProxy.isTypingState();
         final int code = altersCode ? key.getAltCode() : primaryCode;
         if (DEBUG_LISTENER) {
-            final String output = code == Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT
-                    ? key.getOutputText() : Keyboard.printableCode(code);
+            final String output = code == Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT
+                    ? key.getOutputText() : Constants.printableCode(code);
             Log.d(TAG, String.format("[%d] onCodeInput: %4d %4d %s%s%s", mPointerId, x, y,
                     output, ignoreModifierKey ? " ignoreModifier" : "",
                     altersCode ? " altersCode" : "", key.isEnabled() ? "" : " disabled"));
@@ -469,9 +464,9 @@
         // Even if the key is disabled, it should respond if it is in the altCodeWhileTyping state.
         if (key.isEnabled() || altersCode) {
             sTimeRecorder.onCodeInput(code, eventTime);
-            if (code == Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
+            if (code == Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
                 mListener.onTextInput(key.getOutputText());
-            } else if (code != Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+            } else if (code != Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
                 mListener.onCodeInput(code, x, y);
             }
         }
@@ -487,7 +482,7 @@
         final boolean ignoreModifierKey = mIsInSlidingKeyInputFromModifier && key.isModifier();
         if (DEBUG_LISTENER) {
             Log.d(TAG, String.format("[%d] onRelease  : %s%s%s%s", mPointerId,
-                    Keyboard.printableCode(primaryCode),
+                    Constants.printableCode(primaryCode),
                     withSliding ? " sliding" : "", ignoreModifierKey ? " ignoreModifier" : "",
                     key.isEnabled() ?  "": " disabled"));
         }
@@ -682,7 +677,11 @@
     }
 
     private static int getActivePointerTrackerCount() {
-        return (sPointerTrackerQueue == null) ? 1 : sPointerTrackerQueue.size();
+        return sPointerTrackerQueue.size();
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isOldestTrackerInQueue(final PointerTracker tracker) {
+        return sPointerTrackerQueue.getOldestElement() == tracker;
     }
 
     private void mayStartBatchInput(final Key key) {
@@ -702,8 +701,8 @@
             sLastRecognitionTime = 0;
             mListener.onStartBatchInput();
         }
-        final boolean isOldestTracker = sPointerTrackerQueue.getOldestElement() == this;
-        mDrawingProxy.showGesturePreviewTrail(this, isOldestTracker);
+        mTimerProxy.cancelLongPressTimer();
+        mDrawingProxy.showGesturePreviewTrail(this, isOldestTrackerInQueue(this));
     }
 
     private void mayUpdateBatchInput(final long eventTime, final Key key) {
@@ -724,8 +723,7 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        final boolean isOldestTracker = sPointerTrackerQueue.getOldestElement() == this;
-        mDrawingProxy.showGesturePreviewTrail(this, isOldestTracker);
+        mDrawingProxy.showGesturePreviewTrail(this, isOldestTrackerInQueue(this));
     }
 
     private void mayEndBatchInput(final long eventTime) {
@@ -741,8 +739,7 @@
                 mListener.onEndBatchInput(sAggregratedPointers);
             }
         }
-        final boolean isOldestTracker = sPointerTrackerQueue.getOldestElement() == this;
-        mDrawingProxy.showGesturePreviewTrail(this, isOldestTracker);
+        mDrawingProxy.showGesturePreviewTrail(this, isOldestTrackerInQueue(this));
     }
 
     public void processMotionEvent(final int action, final int x, final int y, final long eventTime,
@@ -794,22 +791,19 @@
 
         final Key key = getKeyOn(x, y);
         mBogusMoveEventDetector.onActualDownEvent(x, y);
-        final PointerTrackerQueue queue = sPointerTrackerQueue;
-        if (queue != null) {
-            if (key != null && key.isModifier()) {
-                // Before processing a down event of modifier key, all pointers already being
-                // tracked should be released.
-                queue.releaseAllPointers(eventTime);
-            }
-            queue.add(this);
+        if (key != null && key.isModifier()) {
+            // Before processing a down event of modifier key, all pointers already being
+            // tracked should be released.
+            sPointerTrackerQueue.releaseAllPointers(eventTime);
         }
+        sPointerTrackerQueue.add(this);
         onDownEventInternal(x, y, eventTime);
         if (!sShouldHandleGesture) {
             return;
         }
-        // A gesture should start only from the letter key.
+        // A gesture should start only from a non-modifier key.
         mIsDetectingGesture = (mKeyboard != null) && mKeyboard.mId.isAlphabetKeyboard()
-                && !mIsShowingMoreKeysPanel && key != null && Keyboard.isLetterCode(key.mCode);
+                && !mIsShowingMoreKeysPanel && key != null && !key.isModifier();
         if (mIsDetectingGesture) {
             if (getActivePointerTrackerCount() == 1) {
                 sGestureFirstDownTime = eventTime;
@@ -891,136 +885,150 @@
         onMoveEventInternal(x, y, eventTime);
     }
 
+    private void processSlidingKeyInput(final Key newKey, final int x, final int y,
+            final long eventTime) {
+        // This onPress call may have changed keyboard layout. Those cases are detected
+        // at {@link #setKeyboard}. In those cases, we should update key according
+        // to the new keyboard layout.
+        Key key = newKey;
+        if (callListenerOnPressAndCheckKeyboardLayoutChange(key)) {
+            key = onMoveKey(x, y);
+        }
+        onMoveToNewKey(key, x, y);
+        startLongPressTimer(key);
+        setPressedKeyGraphics(key, eventTime);
+    }
+
+    private void processPhantomSuddenMoveHack(final Key key, final int x, final int y,
+            final long eventTime, final Key oldKey, final int lastX, final int lastY) {
+        if (DEBUG_MODE) {
+            Log.w(TAG, String.format("[%d] onMoveEvent:"
+                    + " phantom sudden move event (distance=%d) is translated to "
+                    + "up[%d,%d,%s]/down[%d,%d,%s] events", mPointerId,
+                    getDistance(x, y, lastX, lastY),
+                    lastX, lastY, Constants.printableCode(oldKey.mCode),
+                    x, y, Constants.printableCode(key.mCode)));
+        }
+        // TODO: This should be moved to outside of this nested if-clause?
+        if (ProductionFlag.IS_EXPERIMENTAL) {
+            ResearchLogger.pointerTracker_onMoveEvent(x, y, lastX, lastY);
+        }
+        onUpEventInternal(eventTime);
+        onDownEventInternal(x, y, eventTime);
+    }
+
+    private void processProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack(final Key key, final int x, final int y,
+            final long eventTime, final Key oldKey, final int lastX, final int lastY) {
+        if (DEBUG_MODE) {
+            final float keyDiagonal = (float)Math.hypot(
+                    mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyWidth, mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyHeight);
+            final float radiusRatio =
+                    mBogusMoveEventDetector.getDistanceFromDownEvent(x, y)
+                    / keyDiagonal;
+            Log.w(TAG, String.format("[%d] onMoveEvent:"
+                    + " bogus down-move-up event (raidus=%.2f key diagonal) is "
+                    + " translated to up[%d,%d,%s]/down[%d,%d,%s] events",
+                    mPointerId, radiusRatio,
+                    lastX, lastY, Constants.printableCode(oldKey.mCode),
+                    x, y, Constants.printableCode(key.mCode)));
+        }
+        onUpEventInternal(eventTime);
+        onDownEventInternal(x, y, eventTime);
+    }
+
+    private void processSildeOutFromOldKey(final Key oldKey) {
+        setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
+        callListenerOnRelease(oldKey, oldKey.mCode, true);
+        startSlidingKeyInput(oldKey);
+        mTimerProxy.cancelKeyTimers();
+    }
+
+    private void slideFromOldKeyToNewKey(final Key key, final int x, final int y,
+            final long eventTime, final Key oldKey, final int lastX, final int lastY) {
+        // The pointer has been slid in to the new key from the previous key, we must call
+        // onRelease() first to notify that the previous key has been released, then call
+        // onPress() to notify that the new key is being pressed.
+        processSildeOutFromOldKey(oldKey);
+        startRepeatKey(key);
+        if (mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput) {
+            processSlidingKeyInput(key, x, y, eventTime);
+        }
+        // HACK: On some devices, quick successive touches may be reported as a sudden move by
+        // touch panel firmware. This hack detects such cases and translates the move event to
+        // successive up and down events.
+        // TODO: Should find a way to balance gesture detection and this hack.
+        else if (sNeedsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack
+                && getDistance(x, y, lastX, lastY) >= mPhantonSuddenMoveThreshold) {
+            processPhantomSuddenMoveHack(key, x, y, eventTime, oldKey, lastX, lastY);
+        }
+        // HACK: On some devices, quick successive proximate touches may be reported as a bogus
+        // down-move-up event by touch panel firmware. This hack detects such cases and breaks
+        // these events into separate up and down events.
+        else if (sNeedsProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack && sTimeRecorder.isInFastTyping(eventTime)
+                && mBogusMoveEventDetector.isCloseToActualDownEvent(x, y)) {
+            processProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack(key, x, y, eventTime, oldKey, lastX, lastY);
+        }
+        // HACK: If there are currently multiple touches, register the key even if the finger
+        // slides off the key. This defends against noise from some touch panels when there are
+        // close multiple touches.
+        // Caveat: When in chording input mode with a modifier key, we don't use this hack.
+        else if (getActivePointerTrackerCount() > 1
+                && !sPointerTrackerQueue.hasModifierKeyOlderThan(this)) {
+            if (DEBUG_MODE) {
+                Log.w(TAG, String.format("[%d] onMoveEvent:"
+                        + " detected sliding finger while multi touching", mPointerId));
+            }
+            onUpEvent(x, y, eventTime);
+            mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
+            setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
+        } else {
+            if (!mIsDetectingGesture) {
+                mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
+            }
+            setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void slideOutFromOldKey(final Key oldKey, final int x, final int y) {
+        // The pointer has been slid out from the previous key, we must call onRelease() to
+        // notify that the previous key has been released.
+        processSildeOutFromOldKey(oldKey);
+        if (mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput) {
+            onMoveToNewKey(null, x, y);
+        } else {
+            if (!mIsDetectingGesture) {
+                mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     private void onMoveEventInternal(final int x, final int y, final long eventTime) {
         final int lastX = mLastX;
         final int lastY = mLastY;
         final Key oldKey = mCurrentKey;
-        Key key = onMoveKey(x, y);
+        final Key newKey = onMoveKey(x, y);
 
         if (sShouldHandleGesture) {
             // Register move event on gesture tracker.
-            onGestureMoveEvent(x, y, eventTime, true /* isMajorEvent */, key);
+            onGestureMoveEvent(x, y, eventTime, true /* isMajorEvent */, newKey);
             if (sInGesture) {
-                mTimerProxy.cancelLongPressTimer();
                 mCurrentKey = null;
                 setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
                 return;
             }
         }
 
-        if (key != null) {
-            if (oldKey == null) {
+        if (newKey != null) {
+            if (oldKey != null && isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey(x, y, eventTime, newKey)) {
+                slideFromOldKeyToNewKey(newKey, x, y, eventTime, oldKey, lastX, lastY);
+            } else if (oldKey == null) {
                 // The pointer has been slid in to the new key, but the finger was not on any keys.
                 // In this case, we must call onPress() to notify that the new key is being pressed.
-                // This onPress call may have changed keyboard layout. Those cases are detected at
-                // {@link #setKeyboard}. In those cases, we should update key according to the
-                // new keyboard layout.
-                if (callListenerOnPressAndCheckKeyboardLayoutChange(key)) {
-                    key = onMoveKey(x, y);
-                }
-                onMoveToNewKey(key, x, y);
-                startLongPressTimer(key);
-                setPressedKeyGraphics(key, eventTime);
-            } else if (isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey(x, y, eventTime, key)) {
-                // The pointer has been slid in to the new key from the previous key, we must call
-                // onRelease() first to notify that the previous key has been released, then call
-                // onPress() to notify that the new key is being pressed.
-                setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
-                callListenerOnRelease(oldKey, oldKey.mCode, true);
-                startSlidingKeyInput(oldKey);
-                mTimerProxy.cancelKeyTimers();
-                startRepeatKey(key);
-                if (mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput) {
-                    // This onPress call may have changed keyboard layout. Those cases are detected
-                    // at {@link #setKeyboard}. In those cases, we should update key according
-                    // to the new keyboard layout.
-                    if (callListenerOnPressAndCheckKeyboardLayoutChange(key)) {
-                        key = onMoveKey(x, y);
-                    }
-                    onMoveToNewKey(key, x, y);
-                    startLongPressTimer(key);
-                    setPressedKeyGraphics(key, eventTime);
-                } else {
-                    // HACK: On some devices, quick successive touches may be reported as a sudden
-                    // move by touch panel firmware. This hack detects such cases and translates the
-                    // move event to successive up and down events.
-                    // TODO: Should find a way to balance gesture detection and this hack.
-                    if (sNeedsPhantomSuddenMoveEventHack
-                            && getDistance(x, y, lastX, lastY) >= mPhantonSuddenMoveThreshold) {
-                        if (DEBUG_MODE) {
-                            Log.w(TAG, String.format("[%d] onMoveEvent:"
-                                    + " phantom sudden move event (distance=%d) is translated to "
-                                    + "up[%d,%d,%s]/down[%d,%d,%s] events", mPointerId,
-                                    getDistance(x, y, lastX, lastY),
-                                    lastX, lastY, Keyboard.printableCode(oldKey.mCode),
-                                    x, y, Keyboard.printableCode(key.mCode)));
-                        }
-                        // TODO: This should be moved to outside of this nested if-clause?
-                        if (ProductionFlag.IS_EXPERIMENTAL) {
-                            ResearchLogger.pointerTracker_onMoveEvent(x, y, lastX, lastY);
-                        }
-                        onUpEventInternal(eventTime);
-                        onDownEventInternal(x, y, eventTime);
-                    }
-                    // HACK: On some devices, quick successive proximate touches may be reported as
-                    // a bogus down-move-up event by touch panel firmware. This hack detects such
-                    // cases and breaks these events into separate up and down events.
-                    else if (sNeedsProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack
-                            && sTimeRecorder.isInFastTyping(eventTime)
-                            && mBogusMoveEventDetector.isCloseToActualDownEvent(x, y)) {
-                        if (DEBUG_MODE) {
-                            final float keyDiagonal = (float)Math.hypot(
-                                    mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyWidth, mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyHeight);
-                            final float radiusRatio =
-                                    mBogusMoveEventDetector.getDistanceFromDownEvent(x, y)
-                                    / keyDiagonal;
-                            Log.w(TAG, String.format("[%d] onMoveEvent:"
-                                    + " bogus down-move-up event (raidus=%.2f key diagonal) is "
-                                    + " translated to up[%d,%d,%s]/down[%d,%d,%s] events",
-                                    mPointerId, radiusRatio,
-                                    lastX, lastY, Keyboard.printableCode(oldKey.mCode),
-                                    x, y, Keyboard.printableCode(key.mCode)));
-                        }
-                        onUpEventInternal(eventTime);
-                        onDownEventInternal(x, y, eventTime);
-                    } else {
-                        // HACK: If there are currently multiple touches, register the key even if
-                        // the finger slides off the key. This defends against noise from some
-                        // touch panels when there are close multiple touches.
-                        // Caveat: When in chording input mode with a modifier key, we don't use
-                        // this hack.
-                        if (getActivePointerTrackerCount() > 1 && sPointerTrackerQueue != null
-                                && !sPointerTrackerQueue.hasModifierKeyOlderThan(this)) {
-                            if (DEBUG_MODE) {
-                                Log.w(TAG, String.format("[%d] onMoveEvent:"
-                                        + " detected sliding finger while multi touching",
-                                        mPointerId));
-                            }
-                            onUpEvent(x, y, eventTime);
-                            mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
-                        }
-                        if (!mIsDetectingGesture) {
-                            mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
-                        }
-                        setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
-                    }
-                }
+                processSlidingKeyInput(newKey, x, y, eventTime);
             }
-        } else {
-            if (oldKey != null && isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey(x, y, eventTime, key)) {
-                // The pointer has been slid out from the previous key, we must call onRelease() to
-                // notify that the previous key has been released.
-                setReleasedKeyGraphics(oldKey);
-                callListenerOnRelease(oldKey, oldKey.mCode, true);
-                startSlidingKeyInput(oldKey);
-                mTimerProxy.cancelLongPressTimer();
-                if (mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput) {
-                    onMoveToNewKey(key, x, y);
-                } else {
-                    if (!mIsDetectingGesture) {
-                        mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
-                    }
-                }
+        } else { // newKey == null
+            if (oldKey != null && isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey(x, y, eventTime, newKey)) {
+                slideOutFromOldKey(oldKey, x, y);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1030,22 +1038,17 @@
             printTouchEvent("onUpEvent  :", x, y, eventTime);
         }
 
-        final PointerTrackerQueue queue = sPointerTrackerQueue;
-        if (queue != null) {
-            if (!sInGesture) {
-                if (mCurrentKey != null && mCurrentKey.isModifier()) {
-                    // Before processing an up event of modifier key, all pointers already being
-                    // tracked should be released.
-                    queue.releaseAllPointersExcept(this, eventTime);
-                } else {
-                    queue.releaseAllPointersOlderThan(this, eventTime);
-                }
+        if (!sInGesture) {
+            if (mCurrentKey != null && mCurrentKey.isModifier()) {
+                // Before processing an up event of modifier key, all pointers already being
+                // tracked should be released.
+                sPointerTrackerQueue.releaseAllPointersExcept(this, eventTime);
+            } else {
+                sPointerTrackerQueue.releaseAllPointersOlderThan(this, eventTime);
             }
         }
         onUpEventInternal(eventTime);
-        if (queue != null) {
-            queue.remove(this);
-        }
+        sPointerTrackerQueue.remove(this);
     }
 
     // Let this pointer tracker know that one of newer-than-this pointer trackers got an up event.
@@ -1098,10 +1101,7 @@
     public void onLongPressed() {
         mKeyAlreadyProcessed = true;
         setReleasedKeyGraphics(mCurrentKey);
-        final PointerTrackerQueue queue = sPointerTrackerQueue;
-        if (queue != null) {
-            queue.remove(this);
-        }
+        sPointerTrackerQueue.remove(this);
     }
 
     public void onCancelEvent(final int x, final int y, final long eventTime) {
@@ -1109,11 +1109,8 @@
             printTouchEvent("onCancelEvt:", x, y, eventTime);
         }
 
-        final PointerTrackerQueue queue = sPointerTrackerQueue;
-        if (queue != null) {
-            queue.releaseAllPointersExcept(this, eventTime);
-            queue.remove(this);
-        }
+        sPointerTrackerQueue.releaseAllPointersExcept(this, eventTime);
+        sPointerTrackerQueue.remove(this);
         onCancelEventInternal();
     }
 
@@ -1149,38 +1146,38 @@
         final Key curKey = mCurrentKey;
         if (newKey == curKey) {
             return false;
-        } else if (curKey != null) {
-            final int keyHysteresisDistanceSquared = mKeyDetector.getKeyHysteresisDistanceSquared(
-                    mIsInSlidingKeyInputFromModifier);
-            final int distanceFromKeyEdgeSquared = curKey.squaredDistanceToEdge(x, y);
-            if (distanceFromKeyEdgeSquared >= keyHysteresisDistanceSquared) {
-                if (DEBUG_MODE) {
-                    final float distanceToEdgeRatio = (float)Math.sqrt(distanceFromKeyEdgeSquared)
-                            / mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyWidth;
-                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("[%d] isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey:"
-                            +" %.2f key width from key edge",
-                            mPointerId, distanceToEdgeRatio));
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            if (sNeedsProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack && !mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput
-                    && sTimeRecorder.isInFastTyping(eventTime)
-                    && mBogusMoveEventDetector.hasTraveledLongDistance(x, y)) {
-                if (DEBUG_MODE) {
-                    final float keyDiagonal = (float)Math.hypot(
-                            mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyWidth, mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyHeight);
-                    final float lengthFromDownRatio =
-                            mBogusMoveEventDetector.mAccumulatedDistanceFromDownKey / keyDiagonal;
-                    Log.d(TAG, String.format("[%d] isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey:"
-                            + " %.2f key diagonal from virtual down point",
-                            mPointerId, lengthFromDownRatio));
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-            return false;
-        } else { // curKey == null && newKey != null
+        }
+        if (curKey == null /* && newKey != null */) {
             return true;
         }
+        // Here curKey points to the different key from newKey.
+        final int keyHysteresisDistanceSquared = mKeyDetector.getKeyHysteresisDistanceSquared(
+                mIsInSlidingKeyInputFromModifier);
+        final int distanceFromKeyEdgeSquared = curKey.squaredDistanceToEdge(x, y);
+        if (distanceFromKeyEdgeSquared >= keyHysteresisDistanceSquared) {
+            if (DEBUG_MODE) {
+                final float distanceToEdgeRatio = (float)Math.sqrt(distanceFromKeyEdgeSquared)
+                        / mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyWidth;
+                Log.d(TAG, String.format("[%d] isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey:"
+                        +" %.2f key width from key edge", mPointerId, distanceToEdgeRatio));
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (sNeedsProximateBogusDownMoveUpEventHack && !mIsAllowedSlidingKeyInput
+                && sTimeRecorder.isInFastTyping(eventTime)
+                && mBogusMoveEventDetector.hasTraveledLongDistance(x, y)) {
+            if (DEBUG_MODE) {
+                final float keyDiagonal = (float)Math.hypot(
+                        mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyWidth, mKeyboard.mMostCommonKeyHeight);
+                final float lengthFromDownRatio =
+                        mBogusMoveEventDetector.mAccumulatedDistanceFromDownKey / keyDiagonal;
+                Log.d(TAG, String.format("[%d] isMajorEnoughMoveToBeOnNewKey:"
+                        + " %.2f key diagonal from virtual down point",
+                        mPointerId, lengthFromDownRatio));
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
     }
 
     private void startLongPressTimer(final Key key) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/ProximityInfo.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/ProximityInfo.java
index 06a9e92..ed01f34 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/ProximityInfo.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/ProximityInfo.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.graphics.Rect;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.TouchPositionCorrection;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
@@ -26,11 +27,14 @@
 import java.util.Arrays;
 
 public final class ProximityInfo {
+    private static final String TAG = ProximityInfo.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+
     /** MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE must be the same as MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
      * in defines.h */
     public static final int MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE = 16;
     /** Number of key widths from current touch point to search for nearest keys. */
-    private static float SEARCH_DISTANCE = 1.2f;
+    private static final float SEARCH_DISTANCE = 1.2f;
     private static final Key[] EMPTY_KEY_ARRAY = new Key[0];
     private static final float DEFAULT_TOUCH_POSITION_CORRECTION_RADIUS = 0.15f;
 
@@ -140,9 +144,13 @@
         }
 
         if (touchPositionCorrection != null && touchPositionCorrection.isValid()) {
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "touchPositionCorrection: ON");
+            }
             sweetSpotCenterXs = new float[keyCount];
             sweetSpotCenterYs = new float[keyCount];
             sweetSpotRadii = new float[keyCount];
+            final int rows = touchPositionCorrection.getRows();
             final float defaultRadius = DEFAULT_TOUCH_POSITION_CORRECTION_RADIUS
                     * (float)Math.hypot(mMostCommonKeyWidth, mMostCommonKeyHeight);
             for (int i = 0; i < keyCount; i++) {
@@ -152,7 +160,7 @@
                 sweetSpotCenterYs[i] = hitBox.exactCenterY();
                 sweetSpotRadii[i] = defaultRadius;
                 final int row = hitBox.top / mMostCommonKeyHeight;
-                if (row < touchPositionCorrection.getRows()) {
+                if (row < rows) {
                     final int hitBoxWidth = hitBox.width();
                     final int hitBoxHeight = hitBox.height();
                     final float hitBoxDiagonal = (float)Math.hypot(hitBoxWidth, hitBoxHeight);
@@ -160,9 +168,19 @@
                     sweetSpotCenterYs[i] += touchPositionCorrection.getY(row) * hitBoxHeight;
                     sweetSpotRadii[i] = touchPositionCorrection.getRadius(row) * hitBoxDiagonal;
                 }
+                if (DEBUG) {
+                    Log.d(TAG, String.format(
+                            "  [%2d] row=%d x/y/r=%7.2f/%7.2f/%5.2f %s code=%s", i, row,
+                            sweetSpotCenterXs[i], sweetSpotCenterYs[i], sweetSpotRadii[i],
+                            (row < rows ? "correct" : "default"),
+                            Constants.printableCode(key.mCode)));
+                }
             }
         } else {
             sweetSpotCenterXs = sweetSpotCenterYs = sweetSpotRadii = null;
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "touchPositionCorrection: OFF");
+            }
         }
 
         return setProximityInfoNative(mLocaleStr, MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE,
@@ -221,7 +239,7 @@
             return;
         }
         int index = 0;
-        if (primaryKeyCode > Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+        if (primaryKeyCode > Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
             dest[index++] = primaryKeyCode;
         }
         final Key[] nearestKeys = getNearestKeys(x, y);
@@ -230,7 +248,7 @@
                 break;
             }
             final int code = key.mCode;
-            if (code <= Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+            if (code <= Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
                 break;
             }
             dest[index++] = code;
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParser.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParser.java
index 2caa5eb..9f6e2f3 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParser.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParser.java
@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal;
 
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.StringUtils;
 
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@
             if (indexOfLabelEnd(moreKeySpec, end + 1) >= 0) {
                 throw new KeySpecParserError("Multiple " + LABEL_END + ": " + moreKeySpec);
             }
-            return parseCode(moreKeySpec.substring(end + 1), codesSet, Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
+            return parseCode(moreKeySpec.substring(end + 1), codesSet, CODE_UNSPECIFIED);
         }
         final String outputText = getOutputTextInternal(moreKeySpec);
         if (outputText != null) {
@@ -181,14 +182,14 @@
             if (StringUtils.codePointCount(outputText) == 1) {
                 return outputText.codePointAt(0);
             }
-            return Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+            return CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
         }
         final String label = getLabel(moreKeySpec);
         // Code is automatically generated for one letter label.
         if (StringUtils.codePointCount(label) == 1) {
             return label.codePointAt(0);
         }
-        return Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+        return CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
     }
 
     public static int parseCode(final String text, final KeyboardCodesSet codesSet,
@@ -468,7 +469,7 @@
 
     public static int toUpperCaseOfCodeForLocale(final int code, final boolean needsToUpperCase,
             final Locale locale) {
-        if (!Keyboard.isLetterCode(code) || !needsToUpperCase) return code;
+        if (!Constants.isLetterCode(code) || !needsToUpperCase) return code;
         final String text = new String(new int[] { code } , 0, 1);
         final String casedText = KeySpecParser.toUpperCaseOfStringForLocale(
                 text, needsToUpperCase, locale);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardBuilder.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardBuilder.java
index b314a37..3634268 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardBuilder.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardBuilder.java
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.util.Xml;
 import android.view.InflateException;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Key;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardId;
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@
         return this;
     }
 
-    // For test only
+    @UsedForTesting
     public void disableTouchPositionCorrectionDataForTest() {
         mParams.mTouchPositionCorrection.setEnabled(false);
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardCodesSet.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardCodesSet.java
index 840d713..428e31c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardCodesSet.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardCodesSet.java
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
@@ -74,21 +74,21 @@
     private static final int CODE_RIGHT_CURLY_BRACKET = '}';
 
     private static final int[] DEFAULT = {
-        Keyboard.CODE_TAB,
-        Keyboard.CODE_ENTER,
-        Keyboard.CODE_SPACE,
-        Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT,
-        Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL,
-        Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT,
-        Keyboard.CODE_DELETE,
-        Keyboard.CODE_SETTINGS,
-        Keyboard.CODE_SHORTCUT,
-        Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_ENTER,
-        Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_NEXT,
-        Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS,
-        Keyboard.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH,
-        Keyboard.CODE_RESEARCH,
-        Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED,
+        Constants.CODE_TAB,
+        Constants.CODE_ENTER,
+        Constants.CODE_SPACE,
+        Constants.CODE_SHIFT,
+        Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL,
+        Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT,
+        Constants.CODE_DELETE,
+        Constants.CODE_SETTINGS,
+        Constants.CODE_SHORTCUT,
+        Constants.CODE_ACTION_ENTER,
+        Constants.CODE_ACTION_NEXT,
+        Constants.CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS,
+        Constants.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH,
+        Constants.CODE_RESEARCH,
+        Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED,
         CODE_LEFT_PARENTHESIS,
         CODE_RIGHT_PARENTHESIS,
         CODE_LESS_THAN_SIGN,
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardParams.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardParams.java
index e6fe50e..642e1a1 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardParams.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardParams.java
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Key;
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardId;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.TreeSet;
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
             mKeys.add(key);
             updateHistogram(key);
         }
-        if (key.mCode == Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT) {
+        if (key.mCode == Constants.CODE_SHIFT) {
             mShiftKeys.add(key);
         }
         if (key.altCodeWhileTyping()) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java
index 5e111fb..2e4a0ee 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardState.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 /**
@@ -316,12 +315,12 @@
 
     public void onPressKey(int code, boolean isSinglePointer, int autoCaps) {
         if (DEBUG_EVENT) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "onPressKey: code=" + Keyboard.printableCode(code)
+            Log.d(TAG, "onPressKey: code=" + Constants.printableCode(code)
                    + " single=" + isSinglePointer + " autoCaps=" + autoCaps + " " + this);
         }
-        if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_SHIFT) {
             onPressShift();
-        } else if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
+        } else if (code == Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
             onPressSymbol();
         } else {
             mSwitchActions.cancelDoubleTapTimer();
@@ -349,12 +348,12 @@
 
     public void onReleaseKey(int code, boolean withSliding) {
         if (DEBUG_EVENT) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "onReleaseKey: code=" + Keyboard.printableCode(code)
+            Log.d(TAG, "onReleaseKey: code=" + Constants.printableCode(code)
                     + " sliding=" + withSliding + " " + this);
         }
-        if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_SHIFT) {
             onReleaseShift(withSliding);
-        } else if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
+        } else if (code == Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
             onReleaseSymbol(withSliding);
         }
     }
@@ -381,9 +380,9 @@
 
     public void onLongPressTimeout(int code) {
         if (DEBUG_EVENT) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "onLongPressTimeout: code=" + Keyboard.printableCode(code) + " " + this);
+            Log.d(TAG, "onLongPressTimeout: code=" + Constants.printableCode(code) + " " + this);
         }
-        if (mIsAlphabetMode && code == Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT) {
+        if (mIsAlphabetMode && code == Constants.CODE_SHIFT) {
             mLongPressShiftLockFired = true;
             mSwitchActions.hapticAndAudioFeedback(code);
         }
@@ -459,7 +458,7 @@
                     setShifted(MANUAL_SHIFT);
                     mShiftKeyState.onPress();
                 }
-                mSwitchActions.startLongPressTimer(Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT);
+                mSwitchActions.startLongPressTimer(Constants.CODE_SHIFT);
             }
         } else {
             // In symbol mode, just toggle symbol and symbol more keyboard.
@@ -539,7 +538,7 @@
     }
 
     private static boolean isSpaceCharacter(int c) {
-        return c == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE || c == Keyboard.CODE_ENTER;
+        return c == Constants.CODE_SPACE || c == Constants.CODE_ENTER;
     }
 
     private boolean isLayoutSwitchBackCharacter(int c) {
@@ -550,14 +549,14 @@
 
     public void onCodeInput(int code, boolean isSinglePointer, int autoCaps) {
         if (DEBUG_EVENT) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "onCodeInput: code=" + Keyboard.printableCode(code)
+            Log.d(TAG, "onCodeInput: code=" + Constants.printableCode(code)
                     + " single=" + isSinglePointer
                     + " autoCaps=" + autoCaps + " " + this);
         }
 
         switch (mSwitchState) {
         case SWITCH_STATE_MOMENTARY_ALPHA_AND_SYMBOL:
-            if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
+            if (code == Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL) {
                 // Detected only the mode change key has been pressed, and then released.
                 if (mIsAlphabetMode) {
                     mSwitchState = SWITCH_STATE_ALPHA;
@@ -573,7 +572,7 @@
             }
             break;
         case SWITCH_STATE_MOMENTARY_SYMBOL_AND_MORE:
-            if (code == Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT) {
+            if (code == Constants.CODE_SHIFT) {
                 // Detected only the shift key has been pressed on symbol layout, and then released.
                 mSwitchState = SWITCH_STATE_SYMBOL_BEGIN;
             } else if (isSinglePointer) {
@@ -584,8 +583,8 @@
             }
             break;
         case SWITCH_STATE_SYMBOL_BEGIN:
-            if (!isSpaceCharacter(code) && (Keyboard.isLetterCode(code)
-                    || code == Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT)) {
+            if (!isSpaceCharacter(code) && (Constants.isLetterCode(code)
+                    || code == Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT)) {
                 mSwitchState = SWITCH_STATE_SYMBOL;
             }
             // Switch back to alpha keyboard mode immediately if user types one of the switch back
@@ -606,7 +605,7 @@
         }
 
         // If the code is a letter, update keyboard shift state.
-        if (Keyboard.isLetterCode(code)) {
+        if (Constants.isLetterCode(code)) {
             updateAlphabetShiftState(autoCaps);
         }
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.java
index 3bb272f..e08536b 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
         loadStringResourcesInternal(context, RESOURCE_NAMES, R.string.english_ime_name);
     }
 
-    /* package for test */
+    @UsedForTesting
     void loadStringResourcesInternal(Context context, final String[] resourceNames,
             int referenceId) {
         final Resources res = context.getResources();
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MoreKeySpec.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MoreKeySpec.java
index 550391b..ca16163 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MoreKeySpec.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MoreKeySpec.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.StringUtils;
 
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
                 KeySpecParser.getLabel(moreKeySpec), needsToUpperCase, locale);
         final int code = KeySpecParser.toUpperCaseOfCodeForLocale(
                 KeySpecParser.getCode(moreKeySpec, codesSet), needsToUpperCase, locale);
-        if (code == Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        if (code == Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED) {
             // Some letter, for example German Eszett (U+00DF: "ß"), has multiple characters
             // upper case representation ("SS").
-            mCode = Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+            mCode = Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
             mOutputText = mLabel;
         } else {
             mCode = code;
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@
     public String toString() {
         final String label = (mIconId == KeyboardIconsSet.ICON_UNDEFINED ? mLabel
                 : KeySpecParser.PREFIX_ICON + KeyboardIconsSet.getIconName(mIconId));
-        final String output = (mCode == Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT ? mOutputText
-                : Keyboard.printableCode(mCode));
+        final String output = (mCode == Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT ? mOutputText
+                : Constants.printableCode(mCode));
         if (StringUtils.codePointCount(label) == 1 && label.codePointAt(0) == mCode) {
             return output;
         } else {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchPositionCorrection.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchPositionCorrection.java
index d8950a7..d7a2b6f 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchPositionCorrection.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchPositionCorrection.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 
 public final class TouchPositionCorrection {
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // For test only
+    @UsedForTesting
     public void setEnabled(final boolean enabled) {
         mEnabled = enabled;
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchScreenRegulator.java
similarity index 88%
rename from java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler.java
rename to java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchScreenRegulator.java
index c53428f..c795d53 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/TouchScreenRegulator.java
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.view.MotionEvent;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.MainKeyboardView;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.define.ProductionFlag;
 import com.android.inputmethod.research.ResearchLogger;
 
-public final class SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler {
-    private static final String TAG = SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler.class.getSimpleName();
+public final class TouchScreenRegulator {
+    private static final String TAG = TouchScreenRegulator.class.getSimpleName();
     private static boolean DEBUG_MODE = LatinImeLogger.sDBG;
 
     public interface ProcessMotionEvent {
@@ -50,17 +49,18 @@
     private int mJumpThresholdSquare = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
     private int mLastX;
     private int mLastY;
+    // One-seventh of the keyboard width seems like a reasonable threshold
+    private static final float JUMP_THRESHOLD_RATIO_TO_KEYBOARD_WIDTH = 1.0f / 7.0f;
 
-    public SuddenJumpingTouchEventHandler(Context context, ProcessMotionEvent view) {
+    public TouchScreenRegulator(final Context context, final ProcessMotionEvent view) {
         mView = view;
         mNeedsSuddenJumpingHack = Boolean.parseBoolean(ResourceUtils.getDeviceOverrideValue(
                 context.getResources(), R.array.sudden_jumping_touch_event_device_list, "false"));
     }
 
-    public void setKeyboard(Keyboard newKeyboard) {
-        // One-seventh of the keyboard width seems like a reasonable threshold
-        final int jumpThreshold = newKeyboard.mOccupiedWidth / 7;
-        mJumpThresholdSquare = jumpThreshold * jumpThreshold;
+    public void setKeyboardGeometry(final int keyboardWidth) {
+        final float jumpThreshold = keyboardWidth * JUMP_THRESHOLD_RATIO_TO_KEYBOARD_WIDTH;
+        mJumpThresholdSquare = (int)(jumpThreshold * jumpThreshold);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
      * @return true if the event was consumed, so that it doesn't continue to be handled by
      * {@link MainKeyboardView}.
      */
-    private boolean handleSuddenJumping(MotionEvent me) {
+    private boolean handleSuddenJumping(final MotionEvent me) {
         if (!mNeedsSuddenJumpingHack)
             return false;
         final int action = me.getAction();
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
         return result;
     }
 
-    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent me) {
+    public boolean onTouchEvent(final MotionEvent me) {
         // If there was a sudden jump, return without processing the actual motion event.
         if (handleSuddenJumping(me)) {
             if (DEBUG_MODE)
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager.java
index 59ef5e0..0247263 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 import android.view.HapticFeedbackConstants;
 import android.view.View;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.VibratorUtils;
 
 /**
@@ -31,17 +30,15 @@
  * complexity of settings and the like.
  */
 public final class AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager {
-    final private SettingsValues mSettingsValues;
-    final private AudioManager mAudioManager;
-    final private VibratorUtils mVibratorUtils;
+    private final AudioManager mAudioManager;
+    private final VibratorUtils mVibratorUtils;
+
+    private SettingsValues mSettingsValues;
     private boolean mSoundOn;
 
-    public AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager(final LatinIME latinIme,
-            final SettingsValues settingsValues) {
-        mSettingsValues = settingsValues;
+    public AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager(final LatinIME latinIme) {
         mVibratorUtils = VibratorUtils.getInstance(latinIme);
         mAudioManager = (AudioManager) latinIme.getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE);
-        mSoundOn = reevaluateIfSoundIsOn();
     }
 
     public void hapticAndAudioFeedback(final int primaryCode,
@@ -51,7 +48,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean reevaluateIfSoundIsOn() {
-        if (!mSettingsValues.mSoundOn || mAudioManager == null) {
+        if (mSettingsValues == null || !mSettingsValues.mSoundOn || mAudioManager == null) {
             return false;
         } else {
             return mAudioManager.getRingerMode() == AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_NORMAL;
@@ -64,13 +61,13 @@
         if (mSoundOn) {
             final int sound;
             switch (primaryCode) {
-            case Keyboard.CODE_DELETE:
+            case Constants.CODE_DELETE:
                 sound = AudioManager.FX_KEYPRESS_DELETE;
                 break;
-            case Keyboard.CODE_ENTER:
+            case Constants.CODE_ENTER:
                 sound = AudioManager.FX_KEYPRESS_RETURN;
                 break;
-            case Keyboard.CODE_SPACE:
+            case Constants.CODE_SPACE:
                 sound = AudioManager.FX_KEYPRESS_SPACEBAR;
                 break;
             default:
@@ -81,8 +78,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: make this private when LatinIME does not call it any more
-    public void vibrate(final View viewToPerformHapticFeedbackOn) {
+    private void vibrate(final View viewToPerformHapticFeedbackOn) {
         if (!mSettingsValues.mVibrateOn) {
             return;
         }
@@ -98,6 +94,11 @@
         }
     }
 
+    public void onSettingsChanged(final SettingsValues settingsValues) {
+        mSettingsValues = settingsValues;
+        mSoundOn = reevaluateIfSoundIsOn();
+    }
+
     public void onRingerModeChanged() {
         mSoundOn = reevaluateIfSoundIsOn();
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AutoCorrection.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AutoCorrection.java
index 84fad15..fa35922 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AutoCorrection.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/AutoCorrection.java
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
     }
 
     public static boolean isValidWord(final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Dictionary> dictionaries,
-            CharSequence word, boolean ignoreCase) {
+            final String word, final boolean ignoreCase) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(word)) {
             return false;
         }
-        final CharSequence lowerCasedWord = word.toString().toLowerCase();
+        final String lowerCasedWord = word.toLowerCase();
         for (final String key : dictionaries.keySet()) {
             final Dictionary dictionary = dictionaries.get(key);
             // It's unclear how realistically 'dictionary' can be null, but the monkey is somehow
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
     }
 
     public static int getMaxFrequency(final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Dictionary> dictionaries,
-            CharSequence word) {
+            final String word) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(word)) {
             return Dictionary.NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
         }
@@ -76,12 +76,13 @@
     // Returns true if this is in any of the dictionaries.
     public static boolean isInTheDictionary(
             final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Dictionary> dictionaries,
-            final CharSequence word, final boolean ignoreCase) {
+            final String word, final boolean ignoreCase) {
         return isValidWord(dictionaries, word, ignoreCase);
     }
 
-    public static boolean suggestionExceedsAutoCorrectionThreshold(SuggestedWordInfo suggestion,
-            CharSequence consideredWord, float autoCorrectionThreshold) {
+    public static boolean suggestionExceedsAutoCorrectionThreshold(
+            final SuggestedWordInfo suggestion, final String consideredWord,
+            final float autoCorrectionThreshold) {
         if (null != suggestion) {
             // Shortlist a whitelisted word
             if (suggestion.mKind == SuggestedWordInfo.KIND_WHITELIST) return true;
@@ -89,8 +90,7 @@
             // TODO: when the normalized score of the first suggestion is nearly equals to
             //       the normalized score of the second suggestion, behave less aggressive.
             final float normalizedScore = BinaryDictionary.calcNormalizedScore(
-                    consideredWord.toString(), suggestion.mWord.toString(),
-                    autoCorrectionSuggestionScore);
+                    consideredWord, suggestion.mWord, autoCorrectionSuggestionScore);
             if (DBG) {
                 Log.d(TAG, "Normalized " + consideredWord + "," + suggestion + ","
                         + autoCorrectionSuggestionScore + ", " + normalizedScore
@@ -100,8 +100,7 @@
                 if (DBG) {
                     Log.d(TAG, "Auto corrected by S-threshold.");
                 }
-                return !shouldBlockAutoCorrectionBySafetyNet(consideredWord.toString(),
-                        suggestion.mWord);
+                return !shouldBlockAutoCorrectionBySafetyNet(consideredWord, suggestion.mWord);
             }
         }
         return false;
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@
     // TODO: Resolve the inconsistencies between the native auto correction algorithms and
     // this safety net
     public static boolean shouldBlockAutoCorrectionBySafetyNet(final String typedWord,
-            final CharSequence suggestion) {
+            final String suggestion) {
         // Safety net for auto correction.
         // Actually if we hit this safety net, it's a bug.
         // If user selected aggressive auto correction mode, there is no need to use the safety
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@
         }
         final int maxEditDistanceOfNativeDictionary =
                 (typedWordLength < 5 ? 2 : typedWordLength / 2) + 1;
-        final int distance = BinaryDictionary.editDistance(typedWord, suggestion.toString());
+        final int distance = BinaryDictionary.editDistance(typedWord, suggestion);
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "Autocorrected edit distance = " + distance
                     + ", " + maxEditDistanceOfNativeDictionary);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
index 7184f1d..a7024d1 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary.java
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
  * Implements a static, compacted, binary dictionary of standard words.
  */
 public final class BinaryDictionary extends Dictionary {
-
+    private static final String TAG = BinaryDictionary.class.getSimpleName();
     public static final String DICTIONARY_PACK_AUTHORITY =
             "com.android.inputmethod.latin.dictionarypack";
 
@@ -45,17 +45,13 @@
     public static final int MAX_WORDS = 18;
     public static final int MAX_SPACES = 16;
 
-    private static final String TAG = BinaryDictionary.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final int MAX_PREDICTIONS = 60;
     private static final int MAX_RESULTS = Math.max(MAX_PREDICTIONS, MAX_WORDS);
 
-    private static final int TYPED_LETTER_MULTIPLIER = 2;
-
     private long mNativeDict;
     private final Locale mLocale;
     private final int[] mInputCodePoints = new int[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
-    // TODO: The below should be int[] mOutputCodePoints
-    private final char[] mOutputChars = new char[MAX_WORD_LENGTH * MAX_RESULTS];
+    private final int[] mOutputCodePoints = new int[MAX_WORD_LENGTH * MAX_RESULTS];
     private final int[] mSpaceIndices = new int[MAX_SPACES];
     private final int[] mOutputScores = new int[MAX_RESULTS];
     private final int[] mOutputTypes = new int[MAX_RESULTS];
@@ -67,7 +63,7 @@
 
     // TODO: There should be a way to remove used DicTraverseSession objects from
     // {@code mDicTraverseSessions}.
-    private DicTraverseSession getTraverseSession(int traverseSessionId) {
+    private DicTraverseSession getTraverseSession(final int traverseSessionId) {
         synchronized(mDicTraverseSessions) {
             DicTraverseSession traverseSession = mDicTraverseSessions.get(traverseSessionId);
             if (traverseSession == null) {
@@ -84,7 +80,6 @@
     /**
      * Constructor for the binary dictionary. This is supposed to be called from the
      * dictionary factory.
-     * All implementations should pass null into flagArray, except for testing purposes.
      * @param context the context to access the environment from.
      * @param filename the name of the file to read through native code.
      * @param offset the offset of the dictionary data within the file.
@@ -92,9 +87,9 @@
      * @param useFullEditDistance whether to use the full edit distance in suggestions
      * @param dictType the dictionary type, as a human-readable string
      */
-    public BinaryDictionary(final Context context,
-            final String filename, final long offset, final long length,
-            final boolean useFullEditDistance, final Locale locale, final String dictType) {
+    public BinaryDictionary(final Context context, final String filename, final long offset,
+            final long length, final boolean useFullEditDistance, final Locale locale,
+            final String dictType) {
         super(dictType);
         mLocale = locale;
         mUseFullEditDistance = useFullEditDistance;
@@ -106,40 +101,40 @@
     }
 
     private native long openNative(String sourceDir, long dictOffset, long dictSize,
-            int typedLetterMultiplier, int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords,
-            int maxPredictions);
+            int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords, int maxPredictions);
     private native void closeNative(long dict);
     private native int getFrequencyNative(long dict, int[] word);
     private native boolean isValidBigramNative(long dict, int[] word1, int[] word2);
     private native int getSuggestionsNative(long dict, long proximityInfo, long traverseSession,
             int[] xCoordinates, int[] yCoordinates, int[] times, int[] pointerIds,
             int[] inputCodePoints, int codesSize, int commitPoint, boolean isGesture,
-            int[] prevWordCodePointArray, boolean useFullEditDistance, char[] outputChars,
+            int[] prevWordCodePointArray, boolean useFullEditDistance, int[] outputCodePoints,
             int[] outputScores, int[] outputIndices, int[] outputTypes);
-    private static native float calcNormalizedScoreNative(char[] before, char[] after, int score);
-    private static native int editDistanceNative(char[] before, char[] after);
+    private static native float calcNormalizedScoreNative(int[] before, int[] after, int score);
+    private static native int editDistanceNative(int[] before, int[] after);
 
     // TODO: Move native dict into session
-    private final void loadDictionary(String path, long startOffset, long length) {
-        mNativeDict = openNative(path, startOffset, length, TYPED_LETTER_MULTIPLIER,
-                FULL_WORD_SCORE_MULTIPLIER, MAX_WORD_LENGTH, MAX_WORDS, MAX_PREDICTIONS);
+    private final void loadDictionary(final String path, final long startOffset,
+            final long length) {
+        mNativeDict = openNative(path, startOffset, length, FULL_WORD_SCORE_MULTIPLIER,
+                MAX_WORD_LENGTH, MAX_WORDS, MAX_PREDICTIONS);
     }
 
     @Override
     public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         return getSuggestionsWithSessionId(composer, prevWord, proximityInfo, 0);
     }
 
     @Override
     public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestionsWithSessionId(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, int sessionId) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, int sessionId) {
         if (!isValidDictionary()) return null;
 
         Arrays.fill(mInputCodePoints, Constants.NOT_A_CODE);
         // TODO: toLowerCase in the native code
         final int[] prevWordCodePointArray = (null == prevWord)
-                ? null : StringUtils.toCodePointArray(prevWord.toString());
+                ? null : StringUtils.toCodePointArray(prevWord);
         final int composerSize = composer.size();
 
         final boolean isGesture = composer.isBatchMode();
@@ -157,7 +152,8 @@
                 proximityInfo.getNativeProximityInfo(), getTraverseSession(sessionId).getSession(),
                 ips.getXCoordinates(), ips.getYCoordinates(), ips.getTimes(), ips.getPointerIds(),
                 mInputCodePoints, codesSize, 0 /* commitPoint */, isGesture, prevWordCodePointArray,
-                mUseFullEditDistance, mOutputChars, mOutputScores, mSpaceIndices, mOutputTypes);
+                mUseFullEditDistance, mOutputCodePoints, mOutputScores, mSpaceIndices,
+                mOutputTypes);
         final int count = Math.min(tmpCount, MAX_PREDICTIONS);
 
         final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
@@ -165,53 +161,56 @@
             if (composerSize > 0 && mOutputScores[j] < 1) break;
             final int start = j * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
             int len = 0;
-            while (len < MAX_WORD_LENGTH && mOutputChars[start + len] != 0) {
+            while (len < MAX_WORD_LENGTH && mOutputCodePoints[start + len] != 0) {
                 ++len;
             }
             if (len > 0) {
                 final int score = SuggestedWordInfo.KIND_WHITELIST == mOutputTypes[j]
                         ? SuggestedWordInfo.MAX_SCORE : mOutputScores[j];
-                suggestions.add(new SuggestedWordInfo(
-                        new String(mOutputChars, start, len), score, mOutputTypes[j], mDictType));
+                suggestions.add(new SuggestedWordInfo(new String(mOutputCodePoints, start, len),
+                        score, mOutputTypes[j], mDictType));
             }
         }
         return suggestions;
     }
 
-    /* package for test */ boolean isValidDictionary() {
+    public boolean isValidDictionary() {
         return mNativeDict != 0;
     }
 
-    public static float calcNormalizedScore(String before, String after, int score) {
-        return calcNormalizedScoreNative(before.toCharArray(), after.toCharArray(), score);
+    public static float calcNormalizedScore(final String before, final String after,
+            final int score) {
+        return calcNormalizedScoreNative(StringUtils.toCodePointArray(before),
+                StringUtils.toCodePointArray(after), score);
     }
 
-    public static int editDistance(String before, String after) {
+    public static int editDistance(final String before, final String after) {
         if (before == null || after == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
-        return editDistanceNative(before.toCharArray(), after.toCharArray());
+        return editDistanceNative(StringUtils.toCodePointArray(before),
+                StringUtils.toCodePointArray(after));
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word) {
+    public boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         return getFrequency(word) >= 0;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int getFrequency(CharSequence word) {
+    public int getFrequency(final String word) {
         if (word == null) return -1;
-        int[] codePoints = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word.toString());
+        int[] codePoints = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word);
         return getFrequencyNative(mNativeDict, codePoints);
     }
 
     // TODO: Add a batch process version (isValidBigramMultiple?) to avoid excessive numbers of jni
     // calls when checking for changes in an entire dictionary.
-    public boolean isValidBigram(CharSequence word1, CharSequence word2) {
+    public boolean isValidBigram(final String word1, final String word2) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(word1) || TextUtils.isEmpty(word2)) return false;
-        int[] chars1 = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word1.toString());
-        int[] chars2 = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word2.toString());
-        return isValidBigramNative(mNativeDict, chars1, chars2);
+        final int[] codePoints1 = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word1);
+        final int[] codePoints2 = StringUtils.toCodePointArray(word2);
+        return isValidBigramNative(mNativeDict, codePoints1, codePoints2);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryFileDumper.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryFileDumper.java
index b0b65ed..bed31a7 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryFileDumper.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryFileDumper.java
@@ -149,7 +149,13 @@
 
         final Uri.Builder wordListUriBuilder = getProviderUriBuilder(id);
         final String finalFileName = BinaryDictionaryGetter.getCacheFileName(id, locale, context);
-        final String tempFileName = BinaryDictionaryGetter.getTempFileName(id, context);
+        String tempFileName;
+        try {
+            tempFileName = BinaryDictionaryGetter.getTempFileName(id, context);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Can't open the temporary file", e);
+            return null;
+        }
 
         for (int mode = MODE_MIN; mode <= MODE_MAX; ++mode) {
             InputStream originalSourceStream = null;
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryGetter.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryGetter.java
index c747dc6..ecb61b4 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryGetter.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionaryGetter.java
@@ -165,14 +165,9 @@
 
     /**
      * Generates a unique temporary file name in the app cache directory.
-     *
-     * This is unique as long as it doesn't get called twice in the same millisecond by the same
-     * thread, which should be more than enough for our purposes.
      */
-    public static String getTempFileName(String id, Context context) {
-        final String fileName = replaceFileNameDangerousCharacters(id);
-        return context.getCacheDir() + File.separator + fileName + "."
-                + Thread.currentThread().getId() + "." + System.currentTimeMillis();
+    public static String getTempFileName(String id, Context context) throws IOException {
+        return File.createTempFile(replaceFileNameDangerousCharacters(id), null).getAbsolutePath();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Constants.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Constants.java
index 57e12a6..ba932e5 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Constants.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Constants.java
@@ -136,11 +136,81 @@
 
     public static final int NOT_A_CODE = -1;
 
-    // See {@link KeyboardActionListener.Adapter#isInvalidCoordinate(int)}.
     public static final int NOT_A_COORDINATE = -1;
     public static final int SUGGESTION_STRIP_COORDINATE = -2;
     public static final int SPELL_CHECKER_COORDINATE = -3;
 
+    public static boolean isValidCoordinate(final int coordinate) {
+        // Detect {@link NOT_A_COORDINATE}, {@link SUGGESTION_STRIP_COORDINATE},
+        // and {@link SPELL_CHECKER_COORDINATE}.
+        return coordinate >= 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Some common keys code. Must be positive.
+     */
+    public static final int CODE_ENTER = '\n';
+    public static final int CODE_TAB = '\t';
+    public static final int CODE_SPACE = ' ';
+    public static final int CODE_PERIOD = '.';
+    public static final int CODE_DASH = '-';
+    public static final int CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE = '\'';
+    public static final int CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE = '"';
+    public static final int CODE_QUESTION_MARK = '?';
+    public static final int CODE_EXCLAMATION_MARK = '!';
+    // TODO: Check how this should work for right-to-left languages. It seems to stand
+    // that for rtl languages, a closing parenthesis is a left parenthesis. Is this
+    // managed by the font? Or is it a different char?
+    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_PARENTHESIS = ')';
+    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_SQUARE_BRACKET = ']';
+    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_CURLY_BRACKET = '}';
+    public static final int CODE_CLOSING_ANGLE_BRACKET = '>';
+
+    /**
+     * Special keys code. Must be negative.
+     * These should be aligned with KeyboardCodesSet.ID_TO_NAME[],
+     * KeyboardCodesSet.DEFAULT[] and KeyboardCodesSet.RTL[]
+     */
+    public static final int CODE_SHIFT = -1;
+    public static final int CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL = -2;
+    public static final int CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT = -3;
+    public static final int CODE_DELETE = -4;
+    public static final int CODE_SETTINGS = -5;
+    public static final int CODE_SHORTCUT = -6;
+    public static final int CODE_ACTION_ENTER = -7;
+    public static final int CODE_ACTION_NEXT = -8;
+    public static final int CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS = -9;
+    public static final int CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH = -10;
+    public static final int CODE_RESEARCH = -11;
+    // Code value representing the code is not specified.
+    public static final int CODE_UNSPECIFIED = -12;
+
+    public static boolean isLetterCode(final int code) {
+        return code >= CODE_SPACE;
+    }
+
+    public static String printableCode(final int code) {
+        switch (code) {
+        case CODE_SHIFT: return "shift";
+        case CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL: return "symbol";
+        case CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT: return "text";
+        case CODE_DELETE: return "delete";
+        case CODE_SETTINGS: return "settings";
+        case CODE_SHORTCUT: return "shortcut";
+        case CODE_ACTION_ENTER: return "actionEnter";
+        case CODE_ACTION_NEXT: return "actionNext";
+        case CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS: return "actionPrevious";
+        case CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH: return "languageSwitch";
+        case CODE_UNSPECIFIED: return "unspec";
+        case CODE_TAB: return "tab";
+        case CODE_ENTER: return "enter";
+        default:
+            if (code < CODE_SPACE) return String.format("'\\u%02x'", code);
+            if (code < 0x100) return String.format("'%c'", code);
+            return String.format("'\\u%04x'", code);
+        }
+    }
+
     private Constants() {
         // This utility class is not publicly instantiable.
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ContactsBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ContactsBinaryDictionary.java
index 5edc431..d1b32a2 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ContactsBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ContactsBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
-
 import java.util.Locale;
 
 public class ContactsBinaryDictionary extends ExpandableBinaryDictionary {
@@ -62,7 +60,7 @@
      */
     private final boolean mUseFirstLastBigrams;
 
-    public ContactsBinaryDictionary(final Context context, Locale locale) {
+    public ContactsBinaryDictionary(final Context context, final Locale locale) {
         super(context, getFilenameWithLocale(NAME, locale.toString()), Dictionary.TYPE_CONTACTS);
         mLocale = locale;
         mUseFirstLastBigrams = useFirstLastBigramsForLocale(locale);
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private boolean useFirstLastBigramsForLocale(Locale locale) {
+    private boolean useFirstLastBigramsForLocale(final Locale locale) {
         // TODO: Add firstname/lastname bigram rules for other languages.
         if (locale != null && locale.getLanguage().equals(Locale.ENGLISH.getLanguage())) {
             return true;
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private void addWords(Cursor cursor) {
+    private void addWords(final Cursor cursor) {
         clearFusionDictionary();
         int count = 0;
         while (!cursor.isAfterLast() && count < MAX_CONTACT_COUNT) {
@@ -160,7 +158,7 @@
      * Adds the words in a name (e.g., firstname/lastname) to the binary dictionary along with their
      * bigrams depending on locale.
      */
-    private void addName(String name) {
+    private void addName(final String name) {
         int len = StringUtils.codePointCount(name);
         String prevWord = null;
         // TODO: Better tokenization for non-Latin writing systems
@@ -188,12 +186,13 @@
     /**
      * Returns the index of the last letter in the word, starting from position startIndex.
      */
-    private static int getWordEndPosition(String string, int len, int startIndex) {
+    private static int getWordEndPosition(final String string, final int len,
+            final int startIndex) {
         int end;
         int cp = 0;
         for (end = startIndex + 1; end < len; end += Character.charCount(cp)) {
             cp = string.codePointAt(end);
-            if (!(cp == Keyboard.CODE_DASH || cp == Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
+            if (!(cp == Constants.CODE_DASH || cp == Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
                     || Character.isLetter(cp))) {
                 break;
             }
@@ -249,7 +248,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    private static boolean isValidName(String name) {
+    private static boolean isValidName(final String name) {
         if (name != null && -1 == name.indexOf('@')) {
             return true;
         }
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@
     /**
      * Checks if the words in a name are in the current binary dictionary.
      */
-    private boolean isNameInDictionary(String name) {
+    private boolean isNameInDictionary(final String name) {
         int len = StringUtils.codePointCount(name);
         String prevWord = null;
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Dictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Dictionary.java
index 88d0c09..8207bc4 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Dictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Dictionary.java
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@
     // TODO: pass more context than just the previous word, to enable better suggestions (n-gram
     // and more)
     abstract public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo);
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo);
 
     // The default implementation of this method ignores sessionId.
     // Subclasses that want to use sessionId need to override this method.
     public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestionsWithSessionId(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, int sessionId) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, final int sessionId) {
         return getSuggestions(composer, prevWord, proximityInfo);
     }
 
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@
      * @param word the word to search for. The search should be case-insensitive.
      * @return true if the word exists, false otherwise
      */
-    abstract public boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word);
+    abstract public boolean isValidWord(final String word);
 
-    public int getFrequency(CharSequence word) {
+    public int getFrequency(final String word) {
         return NOT_A_PROBABILITY;
     }
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
      * @param typedWord the word to compare with
      * @return true if they are the same, false otherwise.
      */
-    protected boolean same(final char[] word, final int length, final CharSequence typedWord) {
+    protected boolean same(final char[] word, final int length, final String typedWord) {
         if (typedWord.length() != length) {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryCollection.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryCollection.java
index d3b1209..7f78ac8 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryCollection.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/DictionaryCollection.java
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         final CopyOnWriteArrayList<Dictionary> dictionaries = mDictionaries;
         if (dictionaries.isEmpty()) return null;
         // To avoid creating unnecessary objects, we get the list out of the first
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word) {
+    public boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         for (int i = mDictionaries.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
             if (mDictionaries.get(i).isValidWord(word)) return true;
         return false;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int getFrequency(CharSequence word) {
+    public int getFrequency(final String word) {
         int maxFreq = -1;
         for (int i = mDictionaries.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
             final int tempFreq = mDictionaries.get(i).getFrequency(word);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
index b93c17f..159867a 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         asyncReloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         if (mLocalDictionaryController.tryLock()) {
             try {
@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean isValidWord(final CharSequence word) {
+    public boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         asyncReloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         return isValidWordInner(word);
     }
 
-    protected boolean isValidWordInner(final CharSequence word) {
+    protected boolean isValidWordInner(final String word) {
         if (mLocalDictionaryController.tryLock()) {
             try {
                 return isValidWordLocked(word);
@@ -229,17 +229,17 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    protected boolean isValidWordLocked(final CharSequence word) {
+    protected boolean isValidWordLocked(final String word) {
         if (mBinaryDictionary == null) return false;
         return mBinaryDictionary.isValidWord(word);
     }
 
-    protected boolean isValidBigram(final CharSequence word1, final CharSequence word2) {
+    protected boolean isValidBigram(final String word1, final String word2) {
         if (mBinaryDictionary == null) return false;
         return mBinaryDictionary.isValidBigram(word1, word2);
     }
 
-    protected boolean isValidBigramInner(final CharSequence word1, final CharSequence word2) {
+    protected boolean isValidBigramInner(final String word1, final String word2) {
         if (mLocalDictionaryController.tryLock()) {
             try {
                 return isValidBigramLocked(word1, word2);
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    protected boolean isValidBigramLocked(final CharSequence word1, final CharSequence word2) {
+    protected boolean isValidBigramLocked(final String word1, final String word2) {
         if (mBinaryDictionary == null) return false;
         return mBinaryDictionary.isValidBigram(word1, word2);
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableDictionary.java
index 8cdc2a0..16cc1b3 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/ExpandableDictionary.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.UserHistoryForgettingCurveUtils.ForgettingCurveParams;
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@
             mData = new Node[INCREMENT];
         }
 
-        void add(Node n) {
+        void add(final Node n) {
             if (mLength + 1 > mData.length) {
                 Node[] tempData = new Node[mLength + INCREMENT];
                 if (mLength > 0) {
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void setRequiresReload(boolean reload) {
+    public void setRequiresReload(final boolean reload) {
         synchronized (mUpdatingLock) {
             mRequiresReload = reload;
         }
@@ -202,8 +201,8 @@
         addWordRec(mRoots, word, 0, shortcutTarget, frequency, null);
     }
 
-    private void addWordRec(NodeArray children, final String word, final int depth,
-            final String shortcutTarget, final int frequency, Node parentNode) {
+    private void addWordRec(final NodeArray children, final String word, final int depth,
+            final String shortcutTarget, final int frequency, final Node parentNode) {
         final int wordLength = word.length();
         if (wordLength <= depth) return;
         final char c = word.charAt(depth);
@@ -248,7 +247,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         if (reloadDictionaryIfRequired()) return null;
         if (composer.size() > 1) {
             if (composer.size() >= BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
@@ -267,8 +266,7 @@
 
     // This reloads the dictionary if required, and returns whether it's currently updating its
     // contents or not.
-    // @VisibleForTesting
-    boolean reloadDictionaryIfRequired() {
+    private boolean reloadDictionaryIfRequired() {
         synchronized (mUpdatingLock) {
             // If we need to update, start off a background task
             if (mRequiresReload) startDictionaryLoadingTaskLocked();
@@ -277,7 +275,7 @@
     }
 
     protected ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getWordsInner(final WordComposer codes,
-            final CharSequence prevWordForBigrams, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWordForBigrams, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
         mInputLength = codes.size();
         if (mCodes.length < mInputLength) mCodes = new int[mInputLength][];
@@ -305,7 +303,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word) {
+    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         synchronized (mUpdatingLock) {
             // If we need to update, start off a background task
             if (mRequiresReload) startDictionaryLoadingTaskLocked();
@@ -320,7 +318,7 @@
         return (node == null) ? false : !node.mShortcutOnly;
     }
 
-    protected boolean removeBigram(String word1, String word2) {
+    protected boolean removeBigram(final String word1, final String word2) {
         // Refer to addOrSetBigram() about word1.toLowerCase()
         final Node firstWord = searchWord(mRoots, word1.toLowerCase(), 0, null);
         final Node secondWord = searchWord(mRoots, word2, 0, null);
@@ -345,13 +343,13 @@
     /**
      * Returns the word's frequency or -1 if not found
      */
-    protected int getWordFrequency(CharSequence word) {
+    protected int getWordFrequency(final String word) {
         // Case-sensitive search
         final Node node = searchNode(mRoots, word, 0, word.length());
         return (node == null) ? -1 : node.mFrequency;
     }
 
-    protected NextWord getBigramWord(String word1, String word2) {
+    protected NextWord getBigramWord(final String word1, final String word2) {
         // Refer to addOrSetBigram() about word1.toLowerCase()
         final Node firstWord = searchWord(mRoots, word1.toLowerCase(), 0, null);
         final Node secondWord = searchWord(mRoots, word2, 0, null);
@@ -368,7 +366,8 @@
         return null;
     }
 
-    private static int computeSkippedWordFinalFreq(int freq, int snr, int inputLength) {
+    private static int computeSkippedWordFinalFreq(final int freq, final int snr,
+            final int inputLength) {
         // The computation itself makes sense for >= 2, but the == 2 case returns 0
         // anyway so we may as well test against 3 instead and return the constant
         if (inputLength >= 3) {
@@ -431,9 +430,9 @@
      * @param suggestions the list in which to add suggestions
      */
     // TODO: Share this routine with the native code for BinaryDictionary
-    protected void getWordsRec(NodeArray roots, final WordComposer codes, final char[] word,
-            final int depth, final boolean completion, int snr, int inputIndex, int skipPos,
-            final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions) {
+    protected void getWordsRec(final NodeArray roots, final WordComposer codes, final char[] word,
+            final int depth, final boolean completion, final int snr, final int inputIndex,
+            final int skipPos, final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions) {
         final int count = roots.mLength;
         final int codeSize = mInputLength;
         // Optimization: Prune out words that are too long compared to how much was typed.
@@ -472,8 +471,8 @@
                     getWordsRec(children, codes, word, depth + 1, true, snr, inputIndex,
                             skipPos, suggestions);
                 }
-            } else if ((c == Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
-                    && currentChars[0] != Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE) || depth == skipPos) {
+            } else if ((c == Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
+                    && currentChars[0] != Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE) || depth == skipPos) {
                 // Skip the ' and continue deeper
                 word[depth] = c;
                 if (children != null) {
@@ -524,11 +523,13 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public int setBigramAndGetFrequency(String word1, String word2, int frequency) {
+    public int setBigramAndGetFrequency(final String word1, final String word2,
+            final int frequency) {
         return setBigramAndGetFrequency(word1, word2, frequency, null /* unused */);
     }
 
-    public int setBigramAndGetFrequency(String word1, String word2, ForgettingCurveParams fcp) {
+    public int setBigramAndGetFrequency(final String word1, final String word2,
+            final ForgettingCurveParams fcp) {
         return setBigramAndGetFrequency(word1, word2, 0 /* unused */, fcp);
     }
 
@@ -540,8 +541,8 @@
      * @param fcp an instance of ForgettingCurveParams to use for decay policy
      * @return returns the final bigram frequency
      */
-    private int setBigramAndGetFrequency(
-            String word1, String word2, int frequency, ForgettingCurveParams fcp) {
+    private int setBigramAndGetFrequency(final String word1, final String word2,
+            final int frequency, final ForgettingCurveParams fcp) {
         // We don't want results to be different according to case of the looked up left hand side
         // word. We do want however to return the correct case for the right hand side.
         // So we want to squash the case of the left hand side, and preserve that of the right
@@ -572,7 +573,8 @@
      * Searches for the word and add the word if it does not exist.
      * @return Returns the terminal node of the word we are searching for.
      */
-    private Node searchWord(NodeArray children, String word, int depth, Node parentNode) {
+    private Node searchWord(final NodeArray children, final String word, final int depth,
+            final Node parentNode) {
         final int wordLength = word.length();
         final char c = word.charAt(depth);
         // Does children have the current character?
@@ -602,36 +604,17 @@
         return searchWord(childNode.mChildren, word, depth + 1, childNode);
     }
 
-    private void runBigramReverseLookUp(final CharSequence previousWord,
+    private void runBigramReverseLookUp(final String previousWord,
             final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions) {
         // Search for the lowercase version of the word only, because that's where bigrams
         // store their sons.
-        Node prevWord = searchNode(mRoots, previousWord.toString().toLowerCase(), 0,
+        final Node prevWord = searchNode(mRoots, previousWord.toLowerCase(), 0,
                 previousWord.length());
         if (prevWord != null && prevWord.mNGrams != null) {
             reverseLookUp(prevWord.mNGrams, suggestions);
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Used for testing purposes and in the spell checker
-     * This function will wait for loading from database to be done
-     */
-    void waitForDictionaryLoading() {
-        while (mUpdatingDictionary) {
-            try {
-                Thread.sleep(100);
-            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-                //
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    protected final void blockingReloadDictionaryIfRequired() {
-        reloadDictionaryIfRequired();
-        waitForDictionaryLoading();
-    }
-
     // Local to reverseLookUp, but do not allocate each time.
     private final char[] mLookedUpString = new char[BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
 
@@ -641,7 +624,7 @@
      * @param terminalNodes list of terminal nodes we want to add
      * @param suggestions the suggestion collection to add the word to
      */
-    private void reverseLookUp(LinkedList<NextWord> terminalNodes,
+    private void reverseLookUp(final LinkedList<NextWord> terminalNodes,
             final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestions) {
         Node node;
         int freq;
@@ -714,7 +697,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static char toLowerCase(char c) {
+    private static char toLowerCase(final char c) {
         char baseChar = c;
         if (c < BASE_CHARS.length) {
             baseChar = BASE_CHARS[c];
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputPointers.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputPointers.java
index 6b48aab..7dffd96 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputPointers.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputPointers.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
+
 // TODO: This class is not thread-safe.
 public final class InputPointers {
     private final int mDefaultCapacity;
@@ -39,7 +41,8 @@
         mTimes.add(index, time);
     }
 
-    public void addPointer(int x, int y, int pointerId, int time) {
+    @UsedForTesting
+    void addPointer(int x, int y, int pointerId, int time) {
         mXCoordinates.add(x);
         mYCoordinates.add(y);
         mPointerIds.add(pointerId);
@@ -66,7 +69,8 @@
      * @param startPos the starting index of the pointers in {@code src}.
      * @param length the number of pointers to be appended.
      */
-    public void append(InputPointers src, int startPos, int length) {
+    @UsedForTesting
+    void append(InputPointers src, int startPos, int length) {
         if (length == 0) {
             return;
         }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LastComposedWord.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LastComposedWord.java
index 94cdc9b..44ef012 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LastComposedWord.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LastComposedWord.java
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
     public final String mTypedWord;
     public final String mCommittedWord;
     public final String mSeparatorString;
-    public final CharSequence mPrevWord;
+    public final String mPrevWord;
     public final InputPointers mInputPointers = new InputPointers(BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH);
 
     private boolean mActive;
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     // immutable. Do not fiddle with their contents after you passed them to this constructor.
     public LastComposedWord(final int[] primaryKeyCodes, final InputPointers inputPointers,
             final String typedWord, final String committedWord,
-            final String separatorString, final CharSequence prevWord) {
+            final String separatorString, final String prevWord) {
         mPrimaryKeyCodes = primaryKeyCodes;
         if (inputPointers != null) {
             mInputPointers.copy(inputPointers);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java
index cf7eea7..5f87c8c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/LatinIME.java
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.accessibility.AccessibilityUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.accessibility.AccessibleKeyboardViewProxy;
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.compat.CompatUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.compat.InputMethodManagerCompatWrapper;
 import com.android.inputmethod.compat.InputMethodServiceCompatUtils;
@@ -132,14 +133,14 @@
     private View mKeyPreviewBackingView;
     private View mSuggestionsContainer;
     private SuggestionStripView mSuggestionStripView;
-    /* package for tests */ Suggest mSuggest;
+    @UsedForTesting Suggest mSuggest;
     private CompletionInfo[] mApplicationSpecifiedCompletions;
     private ApplicationInfo mTargetApplicationInfo;
 
     private InputMethodManagerCompatWrapper mImm;
     private Resources mResources;
     private SharedPreferences mPrefs;
-    /* package for tests */ final KeyboardSwitcher mKeyboardSwitcher;
+    @UsedForTesting final KeyboardSwitcher mKeyboardSwitcher;
     private final SubtypeSwitcher mSubtypeSwitcher;
     private boolean mShouldSwitchToLastSubtype = true;
 
@@ -163,8 +164,6 @@
     private int mDeleteCount;
     private long mLastKeyTime;
 
-    private AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager mFeedbackManager;
-
     // Member variables for remembering the current device orientation.
     private int mDisplayOrientation;
 
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@
             new DictionaryPackInstallBroadcastReceiver(this);
 
     // Keeps track of most recently inserted text (multi-character key) for reverting
-    private CharSequence mEnteredText;
+    private String mEnteredText;
 
     private boolean mIsAutoCorrectionIndicatorOn;
 
@@ -424,7 +423,7 @@
     }
 
     // Has to be package-visible for unit tests
-    /* package for test */
+    @UsedForTesting
     void loadSettings() {
         // Note that the calling sequence of onCreate() and onCurrentInputMethodSubtypeChanged()
         // is not guaranteed. It may even be called at the same time on a different thread.
@@ -438,7 +437,6 @@
             }
         };
         mCurrentSettings = job.runInLocale(mResources, mSubtypeSwitcher.getCurrentSubtypeLocale());
-        mFeedbackManager = new AudioAndHapticFeedbackManager(this, mCurrentSettings);
         resetContactsDictionary(null == mSuggest ? null : mSuggest.getContactsDictionary());
     }
 
@@ -1109,7 +1107,7 @@
 
     private void commitTyped(final String separatorString) {
         if (!mWordComposer.isComposingWord()) return;
-        final CharSequence typedWord = mWordComposer.getTypedWord();
+        final String typedWord = mWordComposer.getTypedWord();
         if (typedWord.length() > 0) {
             commitChosenWord(typedWord, LastComposedWord.COMMIT_TYPE_USER_TYPED_WORD,
                     separatorString);
@@ -1146,7 +1144,7 @@
         CharSequence lastTwo = mConnection.getTextBeforeCursor(2, 0);
         // It is guaranteed lastTwo.charAt(1) is a swapper - else this method is not called.
         if (lastTwo != null && lastTwo.length() == 2
-                && lastTwo.charAt(0) == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+                && lastTwo.charAt(0) == Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
             mConnection.deleteSurroundingText(2, 0);
             mConnection.commitText(lastTwo.charAt(1) + " ", 1);
             if (ProductionFlag.IS_EXPERIMENTAL) {
@@ -1162,8 +1160,8 @@
         final CharSequence lastThree = mConnection.getTextBeforeCursor(3, 0);
         if (lastThree != null && lastThree.length() == 3
                 && canBeFollowedByPeriod(lastThree.charAt(0))
-                && lastThree.charAt(1) == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE
-                && lastThree.charAt(2) == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+                && lastThree.charAt(1) == Constants.CODE_SPACE
+                && lastThree.charAt(2) == Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
             mHandler.cancelDoubleSpacesTimer();
             mConnection.deleteSurroundingText(2, 0);
             mConnection.commitText(". ", 1);
@@ -1177,12 +1175,12 @@
         // TODO: Check again whether there really ain't a better way to check this.
         // TODO: This should probably be language-dependant...
         return Character.isLetterOrDigit(codePoint)
-                || codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
-                || codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE
-                || codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_CLOSING_PARENTHESIS
-                || codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_CLOSING_SQUARE_BRACKET
-                || codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_CLOSING_CURLY_BRACKET
-                || codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_CLOSING_ANGLE_BRACKET;
+                || codePoint == Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
+                || codePoint == Constants.CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE
+                || codePoint == Constants.CODE_CLOSING_PARENTHESIS
+                || codePoint == Constants.CODE_CLOSING_SQUARE_BRACKET
+                || codePoint == Constants.CODE_CLOSING_CURLY_BRACKET
+                || codePoint == Constants.CODE_CLOSING_ANGLE_BRACKET;
     }
 
     // Callback for the {@link SuggestionStripView}, to call when the "add to dictionary" hint is
@@ -1277,7 +1275,7 @@
 
         // 16 is android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN but we can't write it because
         // we want to be able to compile against the Ice Cream Sandwich SDK.
-        if (Keyboard.CODE_ENTER == code && mTargetApplicationInfo != null
+        if (Constants.CODE_ENTER == code && mTargetApplicationInfo != null
                 && mTargetApplicationInfo.targetSdkVersion < 16) {
             // Backward compatibility mode. Before Jelly bean, the keyboard would simulate
             // a hardware keyboard event on pressing enter or delete. This is bad for many
@@ -1294,7 +1292,7 @@
     @Override
     public void onCodeInput(final int primaryCode, final int x, final int y) {
         final long when = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
-        if (primaryCode != Keyboard.CODE_DELETE || when > mLastKeyTime + QUICK_PRESS) {
+        if (primaryCode != Constants.CODE_DELETE || when > mLastKeyTime + QUICK_PRESS) {
             mDeleteCount = 0;
         }
         mLastKeyTime = when;
@@ -1309,13 +1307,13 @@
         if (!mWordComposer.isComposingWord()) mIsAutoCorrectionIndicatorOn = false;
 
         // TODO: Consolidate the double space timer, mLastKeyTime, and the space state.
-        if (primaryCode != Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+        if (primaryCode != Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
             mHandler.cancelDoubleSpacesTimer();
         }
 
         boolean didAutoCorrect = false;
         switch (primaryCode) {
-        case Keyboard.CODE_DELETE:
+        case Constants.CODE_DELETE:
             mSpaceState = SPACE_STATE_NONE;
             handleBackspace(spaceState);
             mDeleteCount++;
@@ -1323,29 +1321,29 @@
             mShouldSwitchToLastSubtype = true;
             LatinImeLogger.logOnDelete(x, y);
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT:
-        case Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL:
+        case Constants.CODE_SHIFT:
+        case Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL:
             // Shift and symbol key is handled in onPressKey() and onReleaseKey().
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_SETTINGS:
+        case Constants.CODE_SETTINGS:
             onSettingsKeyPressed();
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_SHORTCUT:
+        case Constants.CODE_SHORTCUT:
             mSubtypeSwitcher.switchToShortcutIME(this);
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_ENTER:
+        case Constants.CODE_ACTION_ENTER:
             performEditorAction(getActionId(switcher.getKeyboard()));
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_NEXT:
+        case Constants.CODE_ACTION_NEXT:
             performEditorAction(EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_NEXT);
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS:
+        case Constants.CODE_ACTION_PREVIOUS:
             performEditorAction(EditorInfo.IME_ACTION_PREVIOUS);
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH:
+        case Constants.CODE_LANGUAGE_SWITCH:
             handleLanguageSwitchKey();
             break;
-        case Keyboard.CODE_RESEARCH:
+        case Constants.CODE_RESEARCH:
             if (ProductionFlag.IS_EXPERIMENTAL) {
                 ResearchLogger.getInstance().onResearchKeySelected(this);
             }
@@ -1381,10 +1379,10 @@
         }
         switcher.onCodeInput(primaryCode);
         // Reset after any single keystroke, except shift and symbol-shift
-        if (!didAutoCorrect && primaryCode != Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT
-                && primaryCode != Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL)
+        if (!didAutoCorrect && primaryCode != Constants.CODE_SHIFT
+                && primaryCode != Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL)
             mLastComposedWord.deactivate();
-        if (Keyboard.CODE_DELETE != primaryCode) {
+        if (Constants.CODE_DELETE != primaryCode) {
             mEnteredText = null;
         }
         mConnection.endBatchEdit();
@@ -1395,7 +1393,7 @@
 
     // Called from PointerTracker through the KeyboardActionListener interface
     @Override
-    public void onTextInput(final CharSequence rawText) {
+    public void onTextInput(final String rawText) {
         mConnection.beginBatchEdit();
         if (mWordComposer.isComposingWord()) {
             commitCurrentAutoCorrection(rawText.toString());
@@ -1403,16 +1401,16 @@
             resetComposingState(true /* alsoResetLastComposedWord */);
         }
         mHandler.postUpdateSuggestionStrip();
-        final CharSequence text = specificTldProcessingOnTextInput(rawText);
+        final String text = specificTldProcessingOnTextInput(rawText);
         if (SPACE_STATE_PHANTOM == mSpaceState) {
-            sendKeyCodePoint(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+            sendKeyCodePoint(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
         }
         mConnection.commitText(text, 1);
         mConnection.endBatchEdit();
         // Space state must be updated before calling updateShiftState
         mSpaceState = SPACE_STATE_NONE;
         mKeyboardSwitcher.updateShiftState();
-        mKeyboardSwitcher.onCodeInput(Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT);
+        mKeyboardSwitcher.onCodeInput(Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT);
         mEnteredText = text;
     }
 
@@ -1541,8 +1539,8 @@
 
     private void showGesturePreviewAndSuggestionStrip(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
             final boolean dismissGestureFloatingPreviewText) {
-        final String batchInputText = (suggestedWords.size() > 0)
-                ? suggestedWords.getWord(0) : null;
+        final String batchInputText = suggestedWords.isEmpty()
+                ? null : suggestedWords.getWord(0);
         final KeyboardView mainKeyboardView = mKeyboardSwitcher.getMainKeyboardView();
         mainKeyboardView.showGestureFloatingPreviewText(batchInputText);
         showSuggestionStrip(suggestedWords, null);
@@ -1560,15 +1558,15 @@
     public void onEndBatchInput(final InputPointers batchPointers) {
         final SuggestedWords suggestedWords = BatchInputUpdater.getInstance().onEndBatchInput(
                 batchPointers, this);
-        final String batchInputText = (suggestedWords.size() > 0)
-                ? suggestedWords.getWord(0) : null;
+        final String batchInputText = suggestedWords.isEmpty()
+                ? null : suggestedWords.getWord(0);
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(batchInputText)) {
             return;
         }
         mWordComposer.setBatchInputWord(batchInputText);
         mConnection.beginBatchEdit();
         if (SPACE_STATE_PHANTOM == mSpaceState) {
-            sendKeyCodePoint(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+            sendKeyCodePoint(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
         }
         mConnection.setComposingText(batchInputText, 1);
         mExpectingUpdateSelection = true;
@@ -1578,8 +1576,8 @@
         mKeyboardSwitcher.updateShiftState();
     }
 
-    private CharSequence specificTldProcessingOnTextInput(final CharSequence text) {
-        if (text.length() <= 1 || text.charAt(0) != Keyboard.CODE_PERIOD
+    private String specificTldProcessingOnTextInput(final String text) {
+        if (text.length() <= 1 || text.charAt(0) != Constants.CODE_PERIOD
                 || !Character.isLetter(text.charAt(1))) {
             // Not a tld: do nothing.
             return text;
@@ -1590,8 +1588,8 @@
         // TODO: use getCodePointBeforeCursor instead to improve performance and simplify the code
         final CharSequence lastOne = mConnection.getTextBeforeCursor(1, 0);
         if (lastOne != null && lastOne.length() == 1
-                && lastOne.charAt(0) == Keyboard.CODE_PERIOD) {
-            return text.subSequence(1, text.length());
+                && lastOne.charAt(0) == Constants.CODE_PERIOD) {
+            return text.substring(1);
         } else {
             return text;
         }
@@ -1695,7 +1693,7 @@
 
     private boolean maybeStripSpace(final int code,
             final int spaceState, final boolean isFromSuggestionStrip) {
-        if (Keyboard.CODE_ENTER == code && SPACE_STATE_SWAP_PUNCTUATION == spaceState) {
+        if (Constants.CODE_ENTER == code && SPACE_STATE_SWAP_PUNCTUATION == spaceState) {
             mConnection.removeTrailingSpace();
             return false;
         } else if ((SPACE_STATE_WEAK == spaceState
@@ -1724,7 +1722,7 @@
                 // Sanity check
                 throw new RuntimeException("Should not be composing here");
             }
-            sendKeyCodePoint(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+            sendKeyCodePoint(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
         }
 
         // NOTE: isCursorTouchingWord() is a blocking IPC call, so it often takes several
@@ -1738,7 +1736,7 @@
             // the character is a single quote. The idea here is, single quote is not a
             // separator and it should be treated as a normal character, except in the first
             // position where it should not start composing a word.
-            isComposingWord = (Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE != primaryCode);
+            isComposingWord = (Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE != primaryCode);
             // Here we don't need to reset the last composed word. It will be reset
             // when we commit this one, if we ever do; if on the other hand we backspace
             // it entirely and resume suggestions on the previous word, we'd like to still
@@ -1747,15 +1745,14 @@
         }
         if (isComposingWord) {
             final int keyX, keyY;
-            if (KeyboardActionListener.Adapter.isInvalidCoordinate(x)
-                    || KeyboardActionListener.Adapter.isInvalidCoordinate(y)) {
-                keyX = x;
-                keyY = y;
-            } else {
+            if (Constants.isValidCoordinate(x) && Constants.isValidCoordinate(y)) {
                 final KeyDetector keyDetector =
                         mKeyboardSwitcher.getMainKeyboardView().getKeyDetector();
                 keyX = keyDetector.getTouchX(x);
                 keyY = keyDetector.getTouchY(y);
+            } else {
+                keyX = x;
+                keyY = y;
             }
             mWordComposer.add(primaryCode, keyX, keyY);
             // If it's the first letter, make note of auto-caps state
@@ -1802,11 +1799,11 @@
 
         if (SPACE_STATE_PHANTOM == spaceState &&
                 mCurrentSettings.isPhantomSpacePromotingSymbol(primaryCode)) {
-            sendKeyCodePoint(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+            sendKeyCodePoint(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
         }
         sendKeyCodePoint(primaryCode);
 
-        if (Keyboard.CODE_SPACE == primaryCode) {
+        if (Constants.CODE_SPACE == primaryCode) {
             if (mCurrentSettings.isSuggestionsRequested(mDisplayOrientation)) {
                 if (maybeDoubleSpace()) {
                     mSpaceState = SPACE_STATE_DOUBLE;
@@ -1851,7 +1848,7 @@
         return didAutoCorrect;
     }
 
-    private CharSequence getTextWithUnderline(final CharSequence text) {
+    private CharSequence getTextWithUnderline(final String text) {
         return mIsAutoCorrectionIndicatorOn
                 ? SuggestionSpanUtils.getTextWithAutoCorrectionIndicatorUnderline(this, text)
                 : text;
@@ -1868,7 +1865,7 @@
 
     // TODO: make this private
     // Outside LatinIME, only used by the test suite.
-    /* package for tests */
+    @UsedForTesting
     boolean isShowingPunctuationList() {
         if (mSuggestionStripView == null) return false;
         return mCurrentSettings.mSuggestPuncList == mSuggestionStripView.getSuggestions();
@@ -1938,7 +1935,7 @@
 
     private SuggestedWords getSuggestedWords(final int sessionId) {
         final Keyboard keyboard = mKeyboardSwitcher.getKeyboard();
-        if (keyboard == null) {
+        if (keyboard == null || mSuggest == null) {
             return SuggestedWords.EMPTY;
         }
         final String typedWord = mWordComposer.getTypedWord();
@@ -1946,7 +1943,7 @@
         // whatever is *before* the half-committed word in the buffer, hence 2; if we aren't, we
         // should just skip whitespace if any, so 1.
         // TODO: this is slow (2-way IPC) - we should probably cache this instead.
-        final CharSequence prevWord =
+        final String prevWord =
                 mConnection.getNthPreviousWord(mCurrentSettings.mWordSeparators,
                 mWordComposer.isComposingWord() ? 2 : 1);
         final SuggestedWords suggestedWords = mSuggest.getSuggestedWords(mWordComposer,
@@ -1955,7 +1952,7 @@
         return maybeRetrieveOlderSuggestions(typedWord, suggestedWords);
     }
 
-    private SuggestedWords maybeRetrieveOlderSuggestions(final CharSequence typedWord,
+    private SuggestedWords maybeRetrieveOlderSuggestions(final String typedWord,
             final SuggestedWords suggestedWords) {
         // TODO: consolidate this into getSuggestedWords
         // We update the suggestion strip only when we have some suggestions to show, i.e. when
@@ -1985,21 +1982,16 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private void showSuggestionStrip(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
-            final CharSequence typedWord) {
-        if (null == suggestedWords || suggestedWords.size() <= 0) {
+    private void showSuggestionStrip(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords, final String typedWord) {
+        if (suggestedWords.isEmpty()) {
             clearSuggestionStrip();
             return;
         }
-        final CharSequence autoCorrection;
-        if (suggestedWords.size() > 0) {
-            if (suggestedWords.mWillAutoCorrect) {
-                autoCorrection = suggestedWords.getWord(1);
-            } else {
-                autoCorrection = typedWord;
-            }
+        final String autoCorrection;
+        if (suggestedWords.mWillAutoCorrect) {
+            autoCorrection = suggestedWords.getWord(1);
         } else {
-            autoCorrection = null;
+            autoCorrection = typedWord;
         }
         mWordComposer.setAutoCorrection(autoCorrection);
         final boolean isAutoCorrection = suggestedWords.willAutoCorrect();
@@ -2013,9 +2005,9 @@
         if (mHandler.hasPendingUpdateSuggestions()) {
             updateSuggestionStrip();
         }
-        final CharSequence typedAutoCorrection = mWordComposer.getAutoCorrectionOrNull();
+        final String typedAutoCorrection = mWordComposer.getAutoCorrectionOrNull();
         final String typedWord = mWordComposer.getTypedWord();
-        final CharSequence autoCorrection = (typedAutoCorrection != null)
+        final String autoCorrection = (typedAutoCorrection != null)
                 ? typedAutoCorrection : typedWord;
         if (autoCorrection != null) {
             if (TextUtils.isEmpty(typedWord)) {
@@ -2046,7 +2038,7 @@
     // Called from {@link SuggestionStripView} through the {@link SuggestionStripView#Listener}
     // interface
     @Override
-    public void pickSuggestionManually(final int index, final CharSequence suggestion) {
+    public void pickSuggestionManually(final int index, final String suggestion) {
         final SuggestedWords suggestedWords = mSuggestionStripView.getSuggestions();
         // If this is a punctuation picked from the suggestion strip, pass it to onCodeInput
         if (suggestion.length() == 1 && isShowingPunctuationList()) {
@@ -2071,7 +2063,7 @@
             int firstChar = Character.codePointAt(suggestion, 0);
             if ((!mCurrentSettings.isWeakSpaceStripper(firstChar))
                     && (!mCurrentSettings.isWeakSpaceSwapper(firstChar))) {
-                sendKeyCodePoint(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+                sendKeyCodePoint(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
             }
         }
 
@@ -2116,7 +2108,7 @@
                 && !AutoCorrection.isValidWord(mSuggest.getUnigramDictionaries(), suggestion, true);
 
         if (ProductionFlag.IS_INTERNAL) {
-            Stats.onSeparator((char)Keyboard.CODE_SPACE,
+            Stats.onSeparator((char)Constants.CODE_SPACE,
                     Constants.NOT_A_COORDINATE, Constants.NOT_A_COORDINATE);
         }
         if (showingAddToDictionaryHint && mIsUserDictionaryAvailable) {
@@ -2131,13 +2123,13 @@
     /**
      * Commits the chosen word to the text field and saves it for later retrieval.
      */
-    private void commitChosenWord(final CharSequence chosenWord, final int commitType,
+    private void commitChosenWord(final String chosenWord, final int commitType,
             final String separatorString) {
         final SuggestedWords suggestedWords = mSuggestionStripView.getSuggestions();
         mConnection.commitText(SuggestionSpanUtils.getTextWithSuggestionSpan(
                 this, chosenWord, suggestedWords, mIsMainDictionaryAvailable), 1);
         // Add the word to the user history dictionary
-        final CharSequence prevWord = addToUserHistoryDictionary(chosenWord);
+        final String prevWord = addToUserHistoryDictionary(chosenWord);
         // TODO: figure out here if this is an auto-correct or if the best word is actually
         // what user typed. Note: currently this is done much later in
         // LastComposedWord#didCommitTypedWord by string equality of the remembered
@@ -2156,7 +2148,7 @@
         setSuggestionStripShown(isSuggestionsStripVisible());
     }
 
-    private CharSequence addToUserHistoryDictionary(final CharSequence suggestion) {
+    private String addToUserHistoryDictionary(final String suggestion) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(suggestion)) return null;
         if (mSuggest == null) return null;
 
@@ -2171,19 +2163,18 @@
                     = mConnection.getNthPreviousWord(mCurrentSettings.mWordSeparators, 2);
             final String secondWord;
             if (mWordComposer.wasAutoCapitalized() && !mWordComposer.isMostlyCaps()) {
-                secondWord = suggestion.toString().toLowerCase(
-                        mSubtypeSwitcher.getCurrentSubtypeLocale());
+                secondWord = suggestion.toLowerCase(mSubtypeSwitcher.getCurrentSubtypeLocale());
             } else {
-                secondWord = suggestion.toString();
+                secondWord = suggestion;
             }
             // We demote unrecognized words (frequency < 0, below) by specifying them as "invalid".
             // We don't add words with 0-frequency (assuming they would be profanity etc.).
             final int maxFreq = AutoCorrection.getMaxFrequency(
                     mSuggest.getUnigramDictionaries(), suggestion);
             if (maxFreq == 0) return null;
-            userHistoryDictionary.addToUserHistory(null == prevWord ? null : prevWord.toString(),
-                    secondWord, maxFreq > 0);
-            return prevWord;
+            final String prevWordString = (null == prevWord) ? null : prevWord.toString();
+            userHistoryDictionary.addToUserHistory(prevWordString, secondWord, maxFreq > 0);
+            return prevWordString;
         }
         return null;
     }
@@ -2208,9 +2199,9 @@
     }
 
     private void revertCommit() {
-        final CharSequence previousWord = mLastComposedWord.mPrevWord;
+        final String previousWord = mLastComposedWord.mPrevWord;
         final String originallyTypedWord = mLastComposedWord.mTypedWord;
-        final CharSequence committedWord = mLastComposedWord.mCommittedWord;
+        final String committedWord = mLastComposedWord.mCommittedWord;
         final int cancelLength = committedWord.length();
         final int separatorLength = LastComposedWord.getSeparatorLength(
                 mLastComposedWord.mSeparatorString);
@@ -2220,9 +2211,9 @@
             if (mWordComposer.isComposingWord()) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("revertCommit, but we are composing a word");
             }
-            final String wordBeforeCursor =
+            final CharSequence wordBeforeCursor =
                     mConnection.getTextBeforeCursor(deleteLength, 0)
-                            .subSequence(0, cancelLength).toString();
+                            .subSequence(0, cancelLength);
             if (!TextUtils.equals(committedWord, wordBeforeCursor)) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("revertCommit check failed: we thought we were "
                         + "reverting \"" + committedWord
@@ -2256,7 +2247,7 @@
 
     // TODO: Make this private
     // Outside LatinIME, only used by the {@link InputTestsBase} test suite.
-    /* package for test */
+    @UsedForTesting
     void loadKeyboard() {
         // When the device locale is changed in SetupWizard etc., this method may get called via
         // onConfigurationChanged before SoftInputWindow is shown.
@@ -2272,13 +2263,6 @@
         mHandler.postUpdateSuggestionStrip();
     }
 
-    // TODO: Remove this method from {@link LatinIME} and move {@link FeedbackManager} to
-    // {@link KeyboardSwitcher}. Called from KeyboardSwitcher
-    public void hapticAndAudioFeedback(final int primaryCode) {
-        mFeedbackManager.hapticAndAudioFeedback(
-                primaryCode, mKeyboardSwitcher.getMainKeyboardView());
-    }
-
     // Callback called by PointerTracker through the KeyboardActionListener. This is called when a
     // key is depressed; release matching call is onReleaseKey below.
     @Override
@@ -2295,16 +2279,16 @@
         // If accessibility is on, ensure the user receives keyboard state updates.
         if (AccessibilityUtils.getInstance().isTouchExplorationEnabled()) {
             switch (primaryCode) {
-            case Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT:
+            case Constants.CODE_SHIFT:
                 AccessibleKeyboardViewProxy.getInstance().notifyShiftState();
                 break;
-            case Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL:
+            case Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL:
                 AccessibleKeyboardViewProxy.getInstance().notifySymbolsState();
                 break;
             }
         }
 
-        if (Keyboard.CODE_DELETE == primaryCode) {
+        if (Constants.CODE_DELETE == primaryCode) {
             // This is a stopgap solution to avoid leaving a high surrogate alone in a text view.
             // In the future, we need to deprecate deteleSurroundingText() and have a surrogate
             // pair-friendly way of deleting characters in InputConnection.
@@ -2324,7 +2308,7 @@
             if (action.equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION)) {
                 mSubtypeSwitcher.onNetworkStateChanged(intent);
             } else if (action.equals(AudioManager.RINGER_MODE_CHANGED_ACTION)) {
-                mFeedbackManager.onRingerModeChanged();
+                mKeyboardSwitcher.onRingerModeChanged();
             }
         }
     };
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java
index 2144136..d1c96d4 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/RichInputConnection.java
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 import android.view.inputmethod.ExtractedTextRequest;
 import android.view.inputmethod.InputConnection;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.define.ProductionFlag;
 import com.android.inputmethod.research.ResearchLogger;
 
@@ -398,7 +397,7 @@
         if (DEBUG_PREVIOUS_TEXT) checkConsistencyForDebug();
     }
 
-    public CharSequence getNthPreviousWord(final String sentenceSeperators, final int n) {
+    public String getNthPreviousWord(final String sentenceSeperators, final int n) {
         mIC = mParent.getCurrentInputConnection();
         if (null == mIC) return null;
         final CharSequence prev = mIC.getTextBeforeCursor(LOOKBACK_CHARACTER_NUM, 0);
@@ -466,19 +465,22 @@
     // (n = 2) "abc|" -> null
     // (n = 2) "abc |" -> null
     // (n = 2) "abc. def|" -> null
-    public static CharSequence getNthPreviousWord(final CharSequence prev,
+    public static String getNthPreviousWord(final CharSequence prev,
             final String sentenceSeperators, final int n) {
         if (prev == null) return null;
-        String[] w = spaceRegex.split(prev);
+        final String[] w = spaceRegex.split(prev);
 
         // If we can't find n words, or we found an empty word, return null.
-        if (w.length < n || w[w.length - n].length() <= 0) return null;
+        if (w.length < n) return null;
+        final String nthPrevWord = w[w.length - n];
+        final int length = nthPrevWord.length();
+        if (length <= 0) return null;
 
         // If ends in a separator, return null
-        char lastChar = w[w.length - n].charAt(w[w.length - n].length() - 1);
+        final char lastChar = nthPrevWord.charAt(length - 1);
         if (sentenceSeperators.contains(String.valueOf(lastChar))) return null;
 
-        return w[w.length - n];
+        return nthPrevWord;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -511,19 +513,20 @@
      *   be included in the returned range
      * @return a range containing the text surrounding the cursor
      */
-    public Range getWordRangeAtCursor(String sep, int additionalPrecedingWordsCount) {
+    public Range getWordRangeAtCursor(final String sep, final int additionalPrecedingWordsCount) {
         mIC = mParent.getCurrentInputConnection();
         if (mIC == null || sep == null) {
             return null;
         }
-        CharSequence before = mIC.getTextBeforeCursor(1000, 0);
-        CharSequence after = mIC.getTextAfterCursor(1000, 0);
+        final CharSequence before = mIC.getTextBeforeCursor(1000, 0);
+        final CharSequence after = mIC.getTextAfterCursor(1000, 0);
         if (before == null || after == null) {
             return null;
         }
 
         // Going backward, alternate skipping non-separators and separators until enough words
         // have been read.
+        int count = additionalPrecedingWordsCount;
         int start = before.length();
         boolean isStoppingAtWhitespace = true;  // toggles to indicate what to stop at
         while (true) { // see comments below for why this is guaranteed to halt
@@ -540,7 +543,7 @@
             // isStoppingAtWhitespace is true every other time through the loop,
             // so additionalPrecedingWordsCount is guaranteed to become < 0, which
             // guarantees outer loop termination
-            if (isStoppingAtWhitespace && (--additionalPrecedingWordsCount < 0)) {
+            if (isStoppingAtWhitespace && (--count < 0)) {
                 break;  // outer loop
             }
             isStoppingAtWhitespace = !isStoppingAtWhitespace;
@@ -558,7 +561,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        int cursor = getCursorPosition();
+        final int cursor = getCursorPosition();
         if (start >= 0 && cursor + end <= after.length() + before.length()) {
             String word = before.toString().substring(start, before.length())
                     + after.toString().substring(0, end);
@@ -569,8 +572,8 @@
     }
 
     public boolean isCursorTouchingWord(final SettingsValues settingsValues) {
-        CharSequence before = getTextBeforeCursor(1, 0);
-        CharSequence after = getTextAfterCursor(1, 0);
+        final CharSequence before = getTextBeforeCursor(1, 0);
+        final CharSequence after = getTextAfterCursor(1, 0);
         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(before) && !settingsValues.isWordSeparator(before.charAt(0))
                 && !settingsValues.isSymbolExcludedFromWordSeparators(before.charAt(0))) {
             return true;
@@ -586,7 +589,7 @@
         if (DEBUG_BATCH_NESTING) checkBatchEdit();
         final CharSequence lastOne = getTextBeforeCursor(1, 0);
         if (lastOne != null && lastOne.length() == 1
-                && lastOne.charAt(0) == Keyboard.CODE_SPACE) {
+                && lastOne.charAt(0) == Constants.CODE_SPACE) {
             deleteSurroundingText(1, 0);
         }
     }
@@ -612,7 +615,7 @@
         CharSequence word = getWordAtCursor(settings.mWordSeparators);
         // We don't suggest on leading single quotes, so we have to remove them from the word if
         // it starts with single quotes.
-        while (!TextUtils.isEmpty(word) && Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE == word.charAt(0)) {
+        while (!TextUtils.isEmpty(word) && Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE == word.charAt(0)) {
             word = word.subSequence(1, word.length());
         }
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(word)) return null;
@@ -664,7 +667,7 @@
         // NOTE: This does not work with surrogate pairs. Hopefully when the keyboard is able to
         // enter surrogate pairs this code will have been removed.
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(textBeforeCursor)
-                || (Keyboard.CODE_SPACE != textBeforeCursor.charAt(1))) {
+                || (Constants.CODE_SPACE != textBeforeCursor.charAt(1))) {
             // We may only come here if the application is changing the text while we are typing.
             // This is quite a broken case, but not logically impossible, so we shouldn't crash,
             // but some debugging log may be in order.
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/StringUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/StringUtils.java
index df77098..043043c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/StringUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/StringUtils.java
@@ -16,10 +16,9 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
 
+import android.text.InputType;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard; // For character constants
-
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Locale;
 
@@ -28,30 +27,30 @@
         // This utility class is not publicly instantiable.
     }
 
-    public static int codePointCount(String text) {
+    public static int codePointCount(final String text) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) return 0;
         return text.codePointCount(0, text.length());
     }
 
-    public static boolean containsInArray(String key, String[] array) {
+    public static boolean containsInArray(final String key, final String[] array) {
         for (final String element : array) {
             if (key.equals(element)) return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
 
-    public static boolean containsInCsv(String key, String csv) {
+    public static boolean containsInCsv(final String key, final String csv) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(csv)) return false;
         return containsInArray(key, csv.split(","));
     }
 
-    public static String appendToCsvIfNotExists(String key, String csv) {
+    public static String appendToCsvIfNotExists(final String key, final String csv) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(csv)) return key;
         if (containsInCsv(key, csv)) return csv;
         return csv + "," + key;
     }
 
-    public static String removeFromCsvIfExists(String key, String csv) {
+    public static String removeFromCsvIfExists(final String key, final String csv) {
         if (TextUtils.isEmpty(csv)) return "";
         final String[] elements = csv.split(",");
         if (!containsInArray(key, elements)) return csv;
@@ -63,82 +62,20 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns true if a and b are equal ignoring the case of the character.
-     * @param a first character to check
-     * @param b second character to check
-     * @return {@code true} if a and b are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
-     */
-    public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(char a, char b) {
-        // Some language, such as Turkish, need testing both cases.
-        return a == b
-                || Character.toLowerCase(a) == Character.toLowerCase(b)
-                || Character.toUpperCase(a) == Character.toUpperCase(b);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if a and b are equal ignoring the case of the characters, including if they are
-     * both null.
-     * @param a first CharSequence to check
-     * @param b second CharSequence to check
-     * @return {@code true} if a and b are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
-     */
-    public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(CharSequence a, CharSequence b) {
-        if (a == b)
-            return true;  // including both a and b are null.
-        if (a == null || b == null)
-            return false;
-        final int length = a.length();
-        if (length != b.length())
-            return false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            if (!equalsIgnoreCase(a.charAt(i), b.charAt(i)))
-                return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns true if a and b are equal ignoring the case of the characters, including if a is null
-     * and b is zero length.
-     * @param a CharSequence to check
-     * @param b character array to check
-     * @param offset start offset of array b
-     * @param length length of characters in array b
-     * @return {@code true} if a and b are equal, {@code false} otherwise.
-     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException
-     *   if {@code offset < 0 || length < 0 || offset + length > data.length}.
-     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code b == null}.
-     */
-    public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(CharSequence a, char[] b, int offset, int length) {
-        if (offset < 0 || length < 0 || length > b.length - offset)
-            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("array.length=" + b.length + " offset=" + offset
-                    + " length=" + length);
-        if (a == null)
-            return length == 0;  // including a is null and b is zero length.
-        if (a.length() != length)
-            return false;
-        for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-            if (!equalsIgnoreCase(a.charAt(i), b[offset + i]))
-                return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Remove duplicates from an array of strings.
      *
      * This method will always keep the first occurrence of all strings at their position
      * in the array, removing the subsequent ones.
      */
-    public static void removeDupes(final ArrayList<CharSequence> suggestions) {
+    public static void removeDupes(final ArrayList<String> suggestions) {
         if (suggestions.size() < 2) return;
         int i = 1;
         // Don't cache suggestions.size(), since we may be removing items
         while (i < suggestions.size()) {
-            final CharSequence cur = suggestions.get(i);
+            final String cur = suggestions.get(i);
             // Compare each suggestion with each previous suggestion
             for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
-                CharSequence previous = suggestions.get(j);
+                final String previous = suggestions.get(j);
                 if (TextUtils.equals(cur, previous)) {
                     suggestions.remove(i);
                     i--;
@@ -149,7 +86,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public static String toTitleCase(String s, Locale locale) {
+    public static String toTitleCase(final String s, final Locale locale) {
         if (s.length() <= 1) {
             // TODO: is this really correct? Shouldn't this be s.toUpperCase()?
             return s;
@@ -165,21 +102,19 @@
         return s.toUpperCase(locale).charAt(0) + s.substring(1);
     }
 
+    private static final int[] EMPTY_CODEPOINTS = {};
+
     public static int[] toCodePointArray(final String string) {
-        final char[] characters = string.toCharArray();
-        final int length = characters.length;
-        final int[] codePoints = new int[Character.codePointCount(characters, 0, length)];
+        final int length = string.length();
         if (length <= 0) {
-            return new int[0];
+            return EMPTY_CODEPOINTS;
         }
-        int codePoint = Character.codePointAt(characters, 0);
-        int dsti = 0;
-        for (int srci = Character.charCount(codePoint);
-                srci < length; srci += Character.charCount(codePoint), ++dsti) {
-            codePoints[dsti] = codePoint;
-            codePoint = Character.codePointAt(characters, srci);
+        final int[] codePoints = new int[string.codePointCount(0, length)];
+        int destIndex = 0;
+        for (int index = 0; index < length; index = string.offsetByCodePoints(index, 1)) {
+            codePoints[destIndex] = string.codePointAt(index);
+            destIndex++;
         }
-        codePoints[dsti] = codePoint;
         return codePoints;
     }
 
@@ -237,7 +172,7 @@
         } else {
             for (i = cs.length(); i > 0; i--) {
                 final char c = cs.charAt(i - 1);
-                if (c != Keyboard.CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE && c != Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
+                if (c != Constants.CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE && c != Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
                         && Character.getType(c) != Character.START_PUNCTUATION) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -253,11 +188,11 @@
         // if the first char that's not a space or tab is a start of line (as in \n, start of text,
         // or some other similar characters).
         int j = i;
-        char prevChar = Keyboard.CODE_SPACE;
+        char prevChar = Constants.CODE_SPACE;
         if (hasSpaceBefore) --j;
         while (j > 0) {
             prevChar = cs.charAt(j - 1);
-            if (!Character.isSpaceChar(prevChar) && prevChar != Keyboard.CODE_TAB) break;
+            if (!Character.isSpaceChar(prevChar) && prevChar != Constants.CODE_TAB) break;
             j--;
         }
         if (j <= 0 || Character.isWhitespace(prevChar)) {
@@ -296,7 +231,7 @@
                 // variants of English, the final period is placed within double quotes and maybe
                 // other closing punctuation signs. This is generally not true in other languages.
                 final char c = cs.charAt(j - 1);
-                if (c != Keyboard.CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE && c != Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
+                if (c != Constants.CODE_DOUBLE_QUOTE && c != Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE
                         && Character.getType(c) != Character.END_PUNCTUATION) {
                     break;
                 }
@@ -310,10 +245,10 @@
         // end of a sentence. If we have a question mark or an exclamation mark, it's the end of
         // a sentence. If it's neither, the only remaining case is the period so we get the opposite
         // case out of the way.
-        if (c == Keyboard.CODE_QUESTION_MARK || c == Keyboard.CODE_EXCLAMATION_MARK) {
+        if (c == Constants.CODE_QUESTION_MARK || c == Constants.CODE_EXCLAMATION_MARK) {
             return (TextUtils.CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS | TextUtils.CAP_MODE_SENTENCES) & reqModes;
         }
-        if (c != Keyboard.CODE_PERIOD || j <= 0) {
+        if (c != Constants.CODE_PERIOD || j <= 0) {
             return (TextUtils.CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS | TextUtils.CAP_MODE_WORDS) & reqModes;
         }
 
@@ -363,7 +298,7 @@
             case WORD:
                 if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
                     state = WORD;
-                } else if (c == Keyboard.CODE_PERIOD) {
+                } else if (c == Constants.CODE_PERIOD) {
                     state = PERIOD;
                 } else {
                     return caps;
@@ -379,7 +314,7 @@
             case LETTER:
                 if (Character.isLetter(c)) {
                     state = LETTER;
-                } else if (c == Keyboard.CODE_PERIOD) {
+                } else if (c == Constants.CODE_PERIOD) {
                     state = PERIOD;
                 } else {
                     return noCaps;
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java
index f0e3b4e..3dc2ba9 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/Suggest.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
     public static final String TAG = Suggest.class.getSimpleName();
 
     // Session id for
-    // {@link #getSuggestedWords(WordComposer,CharSequence,ProximityInfo,boolean,int)}.
+    // {@link #getSuggestedWords(WordComposer,String,ProximityInfo,boolean,int)}.
     public static final int SESSION_TYPING = 0;
     public static final int SESSION_GESTURE = 1;
 
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@
         mLocale = locale;
     }
 
-    /* package for test */ Suggest(final Context context, final File dictionary,
+    @UsedForTesting
+    Suggest(final Context context, final File dictionary,
             final long startOffset, final long length, final Locale locale) {
         final Dictionary mainDict = DictionaryFactory.createDictionaryForTest(context, dictionary,
                 startOffset, length /* useFullEditDistance */, false, locale);
@@ -138,7 +139,7 @@
      * Sets an optional user dictionary resource to be loaded. The user dictionary is consulted
      * before the main dictionary, if set. This refers to the system-managed user dictionary.
      */
-    public void setUserDictionary(UserBinaryDictionary userDictionary) {
+    public void setUserDictionary(final UserBinaryDictionary userDictionary) {
         addOrReplaceDictionary(mDictionaries, Dictionary.TYPE_USER, userDictionary);
     }
 
@@ -147,12 +148,12 @@
      * the contacts dictionary by passing null to this method. In this case no contacts dictionary
      * won't be used.
      */
-    public void setContactsDictionary(ContactsBinaryDictionary contactsDictionary) {
+    public void setContactsDictionary(final ContactsBinaryDictionary contactsDictionary) {
         mContactsDict = contactsDictionary;
         addOrReplaceDictionary(mDictionaries, Dictionary.TYPE_CONTACTS, contactsDictionary);
     }
 
-    public void setUserHistoryDictionary(UserHistoryDictionary userHistoryDictionary) {
+    public void setUserHistoryDictionary(final UserHistoryDictionary userHistoryDictionary) {
         addOrReplaceDictionary(mDictionaries, Dictionary.TYPE_USER_HISTORY, userHistoryDictionary);
     }
 
@@ -160,9 +161,9 @@
         mAutoCorrectionThreshold = threshold;
     }
 
-    public SuggestedWords getSuggestedWords(
-            final WordComposer wordComposer, CharSequence prevWordForBigram,
-            final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, final boolean isCorrectionEnabled, int sessionId) {
+    public SuggestedWords getSuggestedWords(final WordComposer wordComposer,
+            final String prevWordForBigram, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo,
+            final boolean isCorrectionEnabled, final int sessionId) {
         LatinImeLogger.onStartSuggestion(prevWordForBigram);
         if (wordComposer.isBatchMode()) {
             return getSuggestedWordsForBatchInput(
@@ -174,9 +175,9 @@
     }
 
     // Retrieves suggestions for the typing input.
-    private SuggestedWords getSuggestedWordsForTypingInput(
-            final WordComposer wordComposer, CharSequence prevWordForBigram,
-            final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, final boolean isCorrectionEnabled) {
+    private SuggestedWords getSuggestedWordsForTypingInput(final WordComposer wordComposer,
+            final String prevWordForBigram, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo,
+            final boolean isCorrectionEnabled) {
         final int trailingSingleQuotesCount = wordComposer.trailingSingleQuotesCount();
         final BoundedTreeSet suggestionsSet = new BoundedTreeSet(sSuggestedWordInfoComparator,
                 MAX_SUGGESTIONS);
@@ -203,7 +204,7 @@
                     wordComposerForLookup, prevWordForBigram, proximityInfo));
         }
 
-        final CharSequence whitelistedWord;
+        final String whitelistedWord;
         if (suggestionsSet.isEmpty()) {
             whitelistedWord = null;
         } else if (SuggestedWordInfo.KIND_WHITELIST != suggestionsSet.first().mKind) {
@@ -287,9 +288,9 @@
     }
 
     // Retrieves suggestions for the batch input.
-    private SuggestedWords getSuggestedWordsForBatchInput(
-            final WordComposer wordComposer, CharSequence prevWordForBigram,
-            final ProximityInfo proximityInfo, int sessionId) {
+    private SuggestedWords getSuggestedWordsForBatchInput(final WordComposer wordComposer,
+            final String prevWordForBigram, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo,
+            final int sessionId) {
         final BoundedTreeSet suggestionsSet = new BoundedTreeSet(sSuggestedWordInfoComparator,
                 MAX_SUGGESTIONS);
 
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@
         }
 
         for (SuggestedWordInfo wordInfo : suggestionsSet) {
-            LatinImeLogger.onAddSuggestedWord(wordInfo.mWord.toString(), wordInfo.mSourceDict);
+            LatinImeLogger.onAddSuggestedWord(wordInfo.mWord, wordInfo.mSourceDict);
         }
 
         final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestionsContainer =
@@ -372,7 +373,7 @@
             if (o1.mScore < o2.mScore) return 1;
             if (o1.mCodePointCount < o2.mCodePointCount) return -1;
             if (o1.mCodePointCount > o2.mCodePointCount) return 1;
-            return o1.mWord.toString().compareTo(o2.mWord.toString());
+            return o1.mWord.compareTo(o2.mWord);
         }
     }
     private static final SuggestedWordInfoComparator sSuggestedWordInfoComparator =
@@ -383,16 +384,17 @@
             final boolean isFirstCharCapitalized, final int trailingSingleQuotesCount) {
         final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(wordInfo.mWord.length());
         if (isAllUpperCase) {
-            sb.append(wordInfo.mWord.toString().toUpperCase(locale));
+            sb.append(wordInfo.mWord.toUpperCase(locale));
         } else if (isFirstCharCapitalized) {
-            sb.append(StringUtils.toTitleCase(wordInfo.mWord.toString(), locale));
+            sb.append(StringUtils.toTitleCase(wordInfo.mWord, locale));
         } else {
             sb.append(wordInfo.mWord);
         }
         for (int i = trailingSingleQuotesCount - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
-            sb.appendCodePoint(Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE);
+            sb.appendCodePoint(Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE);
         }
-        return new SuggestedWordInfo(sb, wordInfo.mScore, wordInfo.mKind, wordInfo.mSourceDict);
+        return new SuggestedWordInfo(sb.toString(), wordInfo.mScore, wordInfo.mKind,
+                wordInfo.mSourceDict);
     }
 
     public void close() {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SuggestedWords.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SuggestedWords.java
index 52e292a..572f290 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SuggestedWords.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SuggestedWords.java
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
         mIsPrediction = isPrediction;
     }
 
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return mSuggestedWordInfoList.isEmpty();
+    }
+
     public int size() {
         return mSuggestedWordInfoList.size();
     }
@@ -86,11 +90,14 @@
     public static ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getFromApplicationSpecifiedCompletions(
             final CompletionInfo[] infos) {
         final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> result = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
-        for (CompletionInfo info : infos) {
-            if (null != info && info.getText() != null) {
-                result.add(new SuggestedWordInfo(info.getText(), SuggestedWordInfo.MAX_SCORE,
-                        SuggestedWordInfo.KIND_APP_DEFINED, Dictionary.TYPE_APPLICATION_DEFINED));
-            }
+        for (final CompletionInfo info : infos) {
+            if (info == null) continue;
+            final CharSequence text = info.getText();
+            if (null == text) continue;
+            final SuggestedWordInfo suggestedWordInfo = new SuggestedWordInfo(text.toString(),
+                    SuggestedWordInfo.MAX_SCORE, SuggestedWordInfo.KIND_APP_DEFINED,
+                    Dictionary.TYPE_APPLICATION_DEFINED);
+            result.add(suggestedWordInfo);
         }
         return result;
     }
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@
     // Should get rid of the first one (what the user typed previously) from suggestions
     // and replace it with what the user currently typed.
     public static ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getTypedWordAndPreviousSuggestions(
-            final CharSequence typedWord, final SuggestedWords previousSuggestions) {
+            final String typedWord, final SuggestedWords previousSuggestions) {
         final ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> suggestionsList = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
         final HashSet<String> alreadySeen = CollectionUtils.newHashSet();
         suggestionsList.add(new SuggestedWordInfo(typedWord, SuggestedWordInfo.MAX_SCORE,
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@
         final int previousSize = previousSuggestions.size();
         for (int pos = 1; pos < previousSize; pos++) {
             final SuggestedWordInfo prevWordInfo = previousSuggestions.getWordInfo(pos);
-            final String prevWord = prevWordInfo.mWord.toString();
+            final String prevWord = prevWordInfo.mWord;
             // Filter out duplicate suggestion.
             if (!alreadySeen.contains(prevWord)) {
                 suggestionsList.add(prevWordInfo);
@@ -135,9 +142,9 @@
         public final String mSourceDict;
         private String mDebugString = "";
 
-        public SuggestedWordInfo(final CharSequence word, final int score, final int kind,
+        public SuggestedWordInfo(final String word, final int score, final int kind,
                 final String sourceDict) {
-            mWord = word.toString();
+            mWord = word;
             mScore = score;
             mKind = kind;
             mSourceDict = sourceDict;
@@ -145,7 +152,7 @@
         }
 
 
-        public void setDebugString(String str) {
+        public void setDebugString(final String str) {
             if (null == str) throw new NullPointerException("Debug info is null");
             mDebugString = str;
         }
@@ -167,7 +174,7 @@
             if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mDebugString)) {
                 return mWord;
             } else {
-                return mWord + " (" + mDebugString.toString() + ")";
+                return mWord + " (" + mDebugString + ")";
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedContactsBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedContactsBinaryDictionary.java
index 8f21b7b..ec4dc14 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedContactsBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedContactsBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
 
     @Override
     public synchronized ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer codes,
-            final CharSequence prevWordForBigrams, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWordForBigrams, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         syncReloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         return super.getSuggestions(codes, prevWordForBigrams, proximityInfo);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word) {
+    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         syncReloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         return isValidWordInner(word);
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedUserBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedUserBinaryDictionary.java
index 612f54d..4bdaf20 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedUserBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/SynchronouslyLoadedUserBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@
 
     @Override
     public synchronized ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer codes,
-            final CharSequence prevWordForBigrams, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWordForBigrams, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         syncReloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         return super.getSuggestions(codes, prevWordForBigrams, proximityInfo);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word) {
+    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         syncReloadDictionaryIfRequired();
         return isValidWordInner(word);
     }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserBinaryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserBinaryDictionary.java
index 60e6fa1..00c3cbe 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserBinaryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserBinaryDictionary.java
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
         mContext.startActivity(intent);
     }
 
-    private void addWords(Cursor cursor) {
+    private void addWords(final Cursor cursor) {
         // 16 is JellyBean, but we want this to compile against ICS.
         final boolean hasShortcutColumn = android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 16;
         clearFusionDictionary();
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtils.java
index e390111..7871977 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtils.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictIOUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput.FusionDictionaryBufferInterface;
@@ -129,7 +130,8 @@
     /**
      * Constructs a new FusionDictionary from BigramDictionaryInterface.
      */
-    /* packages for test */ static FusionDictionary constructFusionDictionary(
+    @UsedForTesting
+    static FusionDictionary constructFusionDictionary(
             final BigramDictionaryInterface dict, final UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList bigrams) {
         final FusionDictionary fusionDict = new FusionDictionary(new Node(),
                 new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String, String>(), false,
@@ -193,7 +195,8 @@
     /**
      * Adds all unigrams and bigrams in maps to OnAddWordListener.
      */
-    /* package for test */ static void addWordsFromWordMap(final Map<Integer, String> unigrams,
+    @UsedForTesting
+    static void addWordsFromWordMap(final Map<Integer, String> unigrams,
             final Map<Integer, Integer> frequencies,
             final Map<Integer, ArrayList<PendingAttribute>> bigrams, final OnAddWordListener to) {
         for (Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : unigrams.entrySet()) {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionary.java
index 3615fa1..4fd9bfa 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionary.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.os.AsyncTask;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.SuggestedWords.SuggestedWordInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.UserHistoryDictIOUtils.BigramDictionaryInterface;
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@
     private final SharedPreferences mPrefs;
 
     // Should always be false except when we use this class for test
-    /* package for test */ boolean isTest = false;
+    @UsedForTesting boolean isTest = false;
 
     private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, SoftReference<UserHistoryDictionary>>
             sLangDictCache = CollectionUtils.newConcurrentHashMap();
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@
 
     @Override
     protected ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getWordsInner(final WordComposer composer,
-            final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+            final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
         // Inhibit suggestions (not predictions) for user history for now. Removing this method
         // is enough to use it through the standard ExpandableDictionary way.
         return null;
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@
      * Return whether the passed charsequence is in the dictionary.
      */
     @Override
-    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(final CharSequence word) {
+    public synchronized boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
         // TODO: figure out what is the correct thing to do here.
         return false;
     }
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@
      * context, as in beginning of a sentence for example.
      * The second word may not be null (a NullPointerException would be thrown).
      */
-    public int addToUserHistory(final String word1, String word2, boolean isValid) {
+    public int addToUserHistory(final String word1, final String word2, final boolean isValid) {
         if (word2.length() >= BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH ||
                 (word1 != null && word1.length() >= BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH)) {
             return -1;
@@ -175,7 +176,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    public boolean cancelAddingUserHistory(String word1, String word2) {
+    public boolean cancelAddingUserHistory(final String word1, final String word2) {
         if (mBigramListLock.tryLock()) {
             try {
                 if (mBigramList.removeBigram(word1, word2)) {
@@ -226,7 +227,8 @@
         final ExpandableDictionary dictionary = this;
         final OnAddWordListener listener = new OnAddWordListener() {
             @Override
-            public void setUnigram(String word, String shortcutTarget, int frequency) {
+            public void setUnigram(final String word, final String shortcutTarget,
+                    final int frequency) {
                 profTotal++;
                 if (DBG_SAVE_RESTORE) {
                     Log.d(TAG, "load unigram: " + word + "," + frequency);
@@ -236,7 +238,7 @@
             }
 
             @Override
-            public void setBigram(String word1, String word2, int frequency) {
+            public void setBigram(final String word1, final String word2, final int frequency) {
                 if (word1.length() < BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH
                         && word2.length() < BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
                     profTotal++;
@@ -250,7 +252,7 @@
                 mBigramList.addBigram(word1, word2, (byte)frequency);
             }
         };
-        
+
         // Load the dictionary from binary file
         FileInputStream inStream = null;
         try {
@@ -292,8 +294,9 @@
         private final SharedPreferences mPrefs;
         private final Context mContext;
 
-        public UpdateBinaryTask(UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList pendingWrites, String locale,
-                UserHistoryDictionary dict, SharedPreferences prefs, Context context) {
+        public UpdateBinaryTask(final UserHistoryDictionaryBigramList pendingWrites,
+                final String locale, final UserHistoryDictionary dict,
+                final SharedPreferences prefs, final Context context) {
             mBigramList = pendingWrites;
             mLocale = locale;
             mUserHistoryDictionary = dict;
@@ -303,7 +306,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected Void doInBackground(Void... v) {
+        protected Void doInBackground(final Void... v) {
             if (mUserHistoryDictionary.isTest) {
                 // If isTest == true, wait until the lock is released.
                 mUserHistoryDictionary.mBigramListLock.lock();
@@ -360,7 +363,7 @@
         }
 
         @Override
-        public int getFrequency(String word1, String word2) {
+        public int getFrequency(final String word1, final String word2) {
             final int freq;
             if (word1 == null) { // unigram
                 freq = FREQUENCY_FOR_TYPED;
@@ -390,6 +393,7 @@
         }
     }
 
+    @UsedForTesting
     void forceAddWordForTest(final String word1, final String word2, final boolean isValid) {
         mBigramListLock.lock();
         try {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/WordComposer.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/WordComposer.java
index da0071a..daff442 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/WordComposer.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/WordComposer.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
     private int[] mPrimaryKeyCodes;
     private final InputPointers mInputPointers = new InputPointers(N);
     private final StringBuilder mTypedWord;
-    private CharSequence mAutoCorrection;
+    private String mAutoCorrection;
     private boolean mIsResumed;
     private boolean mIsBatchMode;
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
         refreshSize();
     }
 
-    public WordComposer(WordComposer source) {
+    public WordComposer(final WordComposer source) {
         mPrimaryKeyCodes = Arrays.copyOf(source.mPrimaryKeyCodes, source.mPrimaryKeyCodes.length);
         mTypedWord = new StringBuilder(source.mTypedWord);
         mInputPointers.copy(source.mInputPointers);
@@ -121,7 +121,8 @@
         return mInputPointers;
     }
 
-    private static boolean isFirstCharCapitalized(int index, int codePoint, boolean previous) {
+    private static boolean isFirstCharCapitalized(final int index, final int codePoint,
+            final boolean previous) {
         if (index == 0) return Character.isUpperCase(codePoint);
         return previous && !Character.isUpperCase(codePoint);
     }
@@ -129,12 +130,12 @@
     /**
      * Add a new keystroke, with the pressed key's code point with the touch point coordinates.
      */
-    public void add(int primaryCode, int keyX, int keyY) {
+    public void add(final int primaryCode, final int keyX, final int keyY) {
         final int newIndex = size();
         mTypedWord.appendCodePoint(primaryCode);
         refreshSize();
         if (newIndex < BinaryDictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
-            mPrimaryKeyCodes[newIndex] = primaryCode >= Keyboard.CODE_SPACE
+            mPrimaryKeyCodes[newIndex] = primaryCode >= Constants.CODE_SPACE
                     ? Character.toLowerCase(primaryCode) : primaryCode;
             // In the batch input mode, the {@code mInputPointers} holds batch input points and
             // shouldn't be overridden by the "typed key" coordinates
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@
                 newIndex, primaryCode, mIsFirstCharCapitalized);
         if (Character.isUpperCase(primaryCode)) mCapsCount++;
         if (Character.isDigit(primaryCode)) mDigitsCount++;
-        if (Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE == primaryCode) {
+        if (Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE == primaryCode) {
             ++mTrailingSingleQuotesCount;
         } else {
             mTrailingSingleQuotesCount = 0;
@@ -156,12 +157,12 @@
         mAutoCorrection = null;
     }
 
-    public void setBatchInputPointers(InputPointers batchPointers) {
+    public void setBatchInputPointers(final InputPointers batchPointers) {
         mInputPointers.set(batchPointers);
         mIsBatchMode = true;
     }
 
-    public void setBatchInputWord(CharSequence word) {
+    public void setBatchInputWord(final String word) {
         reset();
         mIsBatchMode = true;
         final int length = word.length();
@@ -235,7 +236,7 @@
             int i = mTypedWord.length();
             while (i > 0) {
                 i = mTypedWord.offsetByCodePoints(i, -1);
-                if (Keyboard.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE != mTypedWord.codePointAt(i)) break;
+                if (Constants.CODE_SINGLE_QUOTE != mTypedWord.codePointAt(i)) break;
                 ++mTrailingSingleQuotesCount;
             }
         }
@@ -321,14 +322,14 @@
     /**
      * Sets the auto-correction for this word.
      */
-    public void setAutoCorrection(final CharSequence correction) {
+    public void setAutoCorrection(final String correction) {
         mAutoCorrection = correction;
     }
 
     /**
      * @return the auto-correction for this word, or null if none.
      */
-    public CharSequence getAutoCorrectionOrNull() {
+    public String getAutoCorrectionOrNull() {
         return mAutoCorrection;
     }
 
@@ -341,7 +342,7 @@
 
     // `type' should be one of the LastComposedWord.COMMIT_TYPE_* constants above.
     public LastComposedWord commitWord(final int type, final String committedWord,
-            final String separatorString, final CharSequence prevWord) {
+            final String separatorString, final String prevWord) {
         // Note: currently, we come here whenever we commit a word. If it's a MANUAL_PICK
         // or a DECIDED_WORD we may cancel the commit later; otherwise, we should deactivate
         // the last composed word to ensure this does not happen.
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtils.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtils.java
index 7b0231a..ee0e9cd 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtils.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtils.java
@@ -16,19 +16,32 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput.CharEncoding;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput.FusionDictionaryBufferInterface;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec.FileHeader;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec.FormatOptions;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.CharGroup;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Stack;
 
 public final class BinaryDictIOUtils {
     private static final boolean DBG = false;
+    private static final int MSB24 = 0x800000;
+    private static final int SINT24_MAX = 0x7FFFFF;
+    private static final int MAX_JUMPS = 10000;
+
+    private BinaryDictIOUtils() {
+        // This utility class is not publicly instantiable.
+    }
 
     private static final class Position {
         public static final int NOT_READ_GROUPCOUNT = -1;
@@ -90,7 +103,9 @@
 
             final boolean isMovedGroup = BinaryDictInputOutput.isMovedGroup(info.mFlags,
                     formatOptions);
-            if (!isMovedGroup
+            final boolean isDeletedGroup = BinaryDictInputOutput.isDeletedGroup(info.mFlags,
+                    formatOptions);
+            if (!isMovedGroup && !isDeletedGroup
                     && info.mFrequency != FusionDictionary.CharGroup.NOT_A_TERMINAL) {// found word
                 words.put(info.mOriginalAddress, new String(pushedChars, 0, index));
                 frequencies.put(info.mOriginalAddress, info.mFrequency);
@@ -153,6 +168,7 @@
      * @throws IOException
      * @throws UnsupportedFormatException
      */
+    @UsedForTesting
     public static int getTerminalPosition(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
             final String word) throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
         if (word == null) return FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD;
@@ -165,19 +181,19 @@
             if (wordPos >= wordLen) return FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD;
 
             do {
-                int groupOffset = buffer.position() - header.mHeaderSize;
                 final int charGroupCount = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroupCount(buffer);
-                groupOffset += BinaryDictInputOutput.getGroupCountSize(charGroupCount);
-
                 boolean foundNextCharGroup = false;
                 for (int i = 0; i < charGroupCount; ++i) {
                     final int charGroupPos = buffer.position();
                     final CharGroupInfo currentInfo = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroup(buffer,
                             buffer.position(), header.mFormatOptions);
-                    if (BinaryDictInputOutput.isMovedGroup(currentInfo.mFlags,
-                            header.mFormatOptions)) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
+                    final boolean isMovedGroup =
+                            BinaryDictInputOutput.isMovedGroup(currentInfo.mFlags,
+                                    header.mFormatOptions);
+                    final boolean isDeletedGroup =
+                            BinaryDictInputOutput.isDeletedGroup(currentInfo.mFlags,
+                                    header.mFormatOptions);
+                    if (isMovedGroup) continue;
                     boolean same = true;
                     for (int p = 0, j = word.offsetByCodePoints(0, wordPos);
                             p < currentInfo.mCharacters.length;
@@ -192,7 +208,8 @@
                     if (same) {
                         // found the group matches the word.
                         if (wordPos + currentInfo.mCharacters.length == wordLen) {
-                            if (currentInfo.mFrequency == CharGroup.NOT_A_TERMINAL) {
+                            if (currentInfo.mFrequency == CharGroup.NOT_A_TERMINAL
+                                    || isDeletedGroup) {
                                 return FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD;
                             } else {
                                 return charGroupPos;
@@ -206,7 +223,6 @@
                         buffer.position(currentInfo.mChildrenAddress);
                         break;
                     }
-                    groupOffset = currentInfo.mEndAddress;
                 }
 
                 // If we found the next char group, it is under the file pointer.
@@ -228,6 +244,10 @@
         return FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD;
     }
 
+    private static int markAsDeleted(final int flags) {
+        return (flags & (~FormatSpec.MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE)) | FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_DELETED;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Delete the word from the binary file.
      *
@@ -236,6 +256,7 @@
      * @throws IOException
      * @throws UnsupportedFormatException
      */
+    @UsedForTesting
     public static void deleteWord(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
             final String word) throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
         buffer.position(0);
@@ -245,21 +266,58 @@
 
         buffer.position(wordPosition);
         final int flags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
-        final int newFlags = flags ^ FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL;
         buffer.position(wordPosition);
-        buffer.put((byte)newFlags);
+        buffer.put((byte)markAsDeleted(flags));
     }
 
-    private static void putSInt24(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+    /**
+     * @return the size written, in bytes. Always 3 bytes.
+     */
+    private static int writeSInt24ToBuffer(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
             final int value) {
         final int absValue = Math.abs(value);
         buffer.put((byte)(((value < 0 ? 0x80 : 0) | (absValue >> 16)) & 0xFF));
         buffer.put((byte)((absValue >> 8) & 0xFF));
         buffer.put((byte)(absValue & 0xFF));
+        return 3;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Update a parent address in a CharGroup that is addressed by groupOriginAddress.
+     * @return the size written, in bytes. Always 3 bytes.
+     */
+    private static int writeSInt24ToStream(final OutputStream destination, final int value)
+            throws IOException {
+        final int absValue = Math.abs(value);
+        destination.write((byte)(((value < 0 ? 0x80 : 0) | (absValue >> 16)) & 0xFF));
+        destination.write((byte)((absValue >> 8) & 0xFF));
+        destination.write((byte)(absValue & 0xFF));
+        return 3;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return the size written, in bytes. 1, 2, or 3 bytes.
+     */
+    private static int writeVariableAddress(final OutputStream destination, final int value)
+            throws IOException {
+        switch (BinaryDictInputOutput.getByteSize(value)) {
+        case 1:
+            destination.write((byte)value);
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            destination.write((byte)(0xFF & (value >> 8)));
+            destination.write((byte)(0xFF & value));
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            destination.write((byte)(0xFF & (value >> 16)));
+            destination.write((byte)(0xFF & (value >> 8)));
+            destination.write((byte)(0xFF & value));
+            break;
+        }
+        return BinaryDictInputOutput.getByteSize(value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update a parent address in a CharGroup that is referred to by groupOriginAddress.
      *
      * @param buffer the buffer to write.
      * @param groupOriginAddress the address of the group.
@@ -275,8 +333,648 @@
             throw new RuntimeException("this file format does not support parent addresses");
         }
         final int flags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        if (BinaryDictInputOutput.isMovedGroup(flags, formatOptions)) {
+            // if the group is moved, the parent address is stored in the destination group.
+            // We are guaranteed to process the destination group later, so there is no need to
+            // update anything here.
+            buffer.position(originalPosition);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (DBG) {
+            MakedictLog.d("update parent address flags=" + flags + ", " + groupOriginAddress);
+        }
         final int parentOffset = newParentAddress - groupOriginAddress;
-        putSInt24(buffer, parentOffset);
+        writeSInt24ToBuffer(buffer, parentOffset);
         buffer.position(originalPosition);
     }
+
+    private static void skipCharGroup(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        final int flags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        BinaryDictInputOutput.readParentAddress(buffer, formatOptions);
+        skipString(buffer, (flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS) != 0);
+        BinaryDictInputOutput.readChildrenAddress(buffer, flags, formatOptions);
+        if ((flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL) != 0) buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        if ((flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_SHORTCUT_TARGETS) != 0) {
+            final int shortcutsSize = buffer.readUnsignedShort();
+            buffer.position(buffer.position() + shortcutsSize
+                    - FormatSpec.GROUP_SHORTCUT_LIST_SIZE_SIZE);
+        }
+        if ((flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS) != 0) {
+            int bigramCount = 0;
+            while (bigramCount++ < FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_GROUP) {
+                final int bigramFlags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+                switch (bigramFlags & FormatSpec.MASK_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE) {
+                    case FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE:
+                        buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+                        break;
+                    case FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES:
+                        buffer.readUnsignedShort();
+                        break;
+                    case FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES:
+                        buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+                        break;
+                }
+                if ((bigramFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT) == 0) break;
+            }
+            if (bigramCount >= FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_GROUP) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Too many bigrams in a group.");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update parent addresses in a Node that is referred to by nodeOriginAddress.
+     *
+     * @param buffer the buffer to be modified.
+     * @param nodeOriginAddress the address of a modified Node.
+     * @param newParentAddress the address to be written.
+     * @param formatOptions file format options.
+     */
+    public static void updateParentAddresses(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final int nodeOriginAddress, final int newParentAddress,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        final int originalPosition = buffer.position();
+        buffer.position(nodeOriginAddress);
+        do {
+            final int count = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroupCount(buffer);
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+                updateParentAddress(buffer, buffer.position(), newParentAddress, formatOptions);
+                skipCharGroup(buffer, formatOptions);
+            }
+            final int forwardLinkAddress = buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+            buffer.position(forwardLinkAddress);
+        } while (formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate
+                && buffer.position() != FormatSpec.NO_FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS);
+        buffer.position(originalPosition);
+    }
+
+    private static void skipString(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final boolean hasMultipleChars) {
+        if (hasMultipleChars) {
+            int character = CharEncoding.readChar(buffer);
+            while (character != FormatSpec.INVALID_CHARACTER) {
+                character = CharEncoding.readChar(buffer);
+            }
+        } else {
+            CharEncoding.readChar(buffer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a string to a stream.
+     *
+     * @param destination the stream to write.
+     * @param word the string to be written.
+     * @return the size written, in bytes.
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private static int writeString(final OutputStream destination, final String word)
+            throws IOException {
+        int size = 0;
+        final int length = word.length();
+        for (int i = 0; i < length; i = word.offsetByCodePoints(i, 1)) {
+            final int codePoint = word.codePointAt(i);
+            if (CharEncoding.getCharSize(codePoint) == 1) {
+                destination.write((byte)codePoint);
+                size++;
+            } else {
+                destination.write((byte)(0xFF & (codePoint >> 16)));
+                destination.write((byte)(0xFF & (codePoint >> 8)));
+                destination.write((byte)(0xFF & codePoint));
+                size += 3;
+            }
+        }
+        destination.write((byte)FormatSpec.GROUP_CHARACTERS_TERMINATOR);
+        size += FormatSpec.GROUP_TERMINATOR_SIZE;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update a children address in a CharGroup that is addressed by groupOriginAddress.
+     *
+     * @param buffer the buffer to write.
+     * @param groupOriginAddress the address of the group.
+     * @param newChildrenAddress the absolute address of the child.
+     * @param formatOptions file format options.
+     */
+    public static void updateChildrenAddress(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final int groupOriginAddress, final int newChildrenAddress,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        final int originalPosition = buffer.position();
+        buffer.position(groupOriginAddress);
+        final int flags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        final int parentAddress = BinaryDictInputOutput.readParentAddress(buffer, formatOptions);
+        skipString(buffer, (flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS) != 0);
+        if ((flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL) != 0) buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        final int childrenOffset = newChildrenAddress == FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS
+                ? FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS : newChildrenAddress - buffer.position();
+        writeSInt24ToBuffer(buffer, childrenOffset);
+        buffer.position(originalPosition);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a char group to an output stream.
+     * A char group is an in-memory representation of a node in trie.
+     * A char group info is an on-disk representation of a node.
+     *
+     * @param destination the stream to write.
+     * @param info the char group info to be written.
+     * @return the size written, in bytes.
+     */
+    public static int writeCharGroup(final OutputStream destination, final CharGroupInfo info)
+            throws IOException {
+        int size = FormatSpec.GROUP_FLAGS_SIZE;
+        destination.write((byte)info.mFlags);
+        final int parentOffset = info.mParentAddress == FormatSpec.NO_PARENT_ADDRESS ?
+                FormatSpec.NO_PARENT_ADDRESS : info.mParentAddress - info.mOriginalAddress;
+        size += writeSInt24ToStream(destination, parentOffset);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < info.mCharacters.length; ++i) {
+            if (CharEncoding.getCharSize(info.mCharacters[i]) == 1) {
+                destination.write((byte)info.mCharacters[i]);
+                size++;
+            } else {
+                size += writeSInt24ToStream(destination, info.mCharacters[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        if (info.mCharacters.length > 1) {
+            destination.write((byte)FormatSpec.GROUP_CHARACTERS_TERMINATOR);
+            size++;
+        }
+
+        if ((info.mFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL) != 0) {
+            destination.write((byte)info.mFrequency);
+            size++;
+        }
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            MakedictLog.d("writeCharGroup origin=" + info.mOriginalAddress + ", size=" + size
+                    + ", child=" + info.mChildrenAddress + ", characters ="
+                    + new String(info.mCharacters, 0, info.mCharacters.length));
+        }
+        final int childrenOffset = info.mChildrenAddress == FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS ?
+                0 : info.mChildrenAddress - (info.mOriginalAddress + size);
+        writeSInt24ToStream(destination, childrenOffset);
+        size += FormatSpec.SIGNED_CHILDREN_ADDRESS_SIZE;
+
+        if (info.mShortcutTargets != null && info.mShortcutTargets.size() > 0) {
+            final int shortcutListSize =
+                    BinaryDictInputOutput.getShortcutListSize(info.mShortcutTargets);
+            destination.write((byte)(shortcutListSize >> 8));
+            destination.write((byte)(shortcutListSize & 0xFF));
+            size += 2;
+            final Iterator<WeightedString> shortcutIterator = info.mShortcutTargets.iterator();
+            while (shortcutIterator.hasNext()) {
+                final WeightedString target = shortcutIterator.next();
+                destination.write((byte)BinaryDictInputOutput.makeShortcutFlags(
+                        shortcutIterator.hasNext(), target.mFrequency));
+                size++;
+                size += writeString(destination, target.mWord);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (info.mBigrams != null) {
+            // TODO: Consolidate this code with the code that computes the size of the bigram list
+            //        in BinaryDictionaryInputOutput#computeActualNodeSize
+            for (int i = 0; i < info.mBigrams.size(); ++i) {
+
+                final int bigramFrequency = info.mBigrams.get(i).mFrequency;
+                int bigramFlags = (i < info.mBigrams.size() - 1)
+                        ? FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT : 0;
+                size++;
+                final int bigramOffset = info.mBigrams.get(i).mAddress - (info.mOriginalAddress
+                        + size);
+                bigramFlags |= (bigramOffset < 0) ? FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_OFFSET_NEGATIVE : 0;
+                switch (BinaryDictInputOutput.getByteSize(bigramOffset)) {
+                case 1:
+                    bigramFlags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE;
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    bigramFlags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES;
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    bigramFlags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES;
+                    break;
+                }
+                bigramFlags |= bigramFrequency & FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_FREQUENCY;
+                destination.write((byte)bigramFlags);
+                size += writeVariableAddress(destination, Math.abs(bigramOffset));
+            }
+        }
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
+    private static void updateForwardLink(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final int nodeOriginAddress, final int newNodeAddress,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        buffer.position(nodeOriginAddress);
+        int jumpCount = 0;
+        while (jumpCount++ < MAX_JUMPS) {
+            final int count = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroupCount(buffer);
+            for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) skipCharGroup(buffer, formatOptions);
+            final int forwardLinkAddress = buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+            if (forwardLinkAddress == FormatSpec.NO_FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS) {
+                buffer.position(buffer.position() - FormatSpec.FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS_SIZE);
+                writeSInt24ToBuffer(buffer, newNodeAddress);
+                return;
+            }
+            buffer.position(forwardLinkAddress);
+        }
+        if (DBG && jumpCount >= MAX_JUMPS) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("too many jumps, probably a bug.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to move a char group to the tail of the file.
+     */
+    private static int moveCharGroup(final OutputStream destination,
+            final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer, final CharGroupInfo info,
+            final int nodeOriginAddress, final int oldGroupAddress,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) throws IOException {
+        updateParentAddress(buffer, oldGroupAddress, buffer.limit() + 1, formatOptions);
+        buffer.position(oldGroupAddress);
+        final int currentFlags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
+        buffer.position(oldGroupAddress);
+        buffer.put((byte)(FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_MOVED | (currentFlags
+                & (~FormatSpec.MASK_MOVE_AND_DELETE_FLAG))));
+        int size = FormatSpec.GROUP_FLAGS_SIZE;
+        updateForwardLink(buffer, nodeOriginAddress, buffer.limit(), formatOptions);
+        size += writeNode(destination, new CharGroupInfo[] { info });
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the size of the char group.
+     */
+    private static int computeGroupSize(final CharGroupInfo info,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        int size = FormatSpec.GROUP_FLAGS_SIZE + FormatSpec.PARENT_ADDRESS_SIZE
+                + BinaryDictInputOutput.getGroupCharactersSize(info.mCharacters)
+                + BinaryDictInputOutput.getChildrenAddressSize(info.mFlags, formatOptions);
+        if ((info.mFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL) != 0) {
+            size += FormatSpec.GROUP_FREQUENCY_SIZE;
+        }
+        if (info.mShortcutTargets != null && !info.mShortcutTargets.isEmpty()) {
+            size += BinaryDictInputOutput.getShortcutListSize(info.mShortcutTargets);
+        }
+        if (info.mBigrams != null) {
+            for (final PendingAttribute attr : info.mBigrams) {
+                size += FormatSpec.GROUP_FLAGS_SIZE;
+                size += BinaryDictInputOutput.getByteSize(attr.mAddress);
+            }
+        }
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write a node to the stream.
+     *
+     * @param destination the stream to write.
+     * @param infos groups to be written.
+     * @return the size written, in bytes.
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private static int writeNode(final OutputStream destination, final CharGroupInfo[] infos)
+            throws IOException {
+        int size = BinaryDictInputOutput.getGroupCountSize(infos.length);
+        switch (BinaryDictInputOutput.getGroupCountSize(infos.length)) {
+            case 1:
+                destination.write((byte)infos.length);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                destination.write((byte)(infos.length >> 8));
+                destination.write((byte)(infos.length & 0xFF));
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new RuntimeException("Invalid group count size.");
+        }
+        for (final CharGroupInfo info : infos) size += writeCharGroup(destination, info);
+        writeSInt24ToStream(destination, FormatSpec.NO_FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS);
+        return size + FormatSpec.FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Move a group that is referred to by oldGroupOrigin to the tail of the file.
+     * And set the children address to the byte after the group.
+     *
+     * @param nodeOrigin the address of the tail of the file.
+     * @param characters
+     * @param length
+     * @param flags
+     * @param frequency
+     * @param parentAddress
+     * @param shortcutTargets
+     * @param bigrams
+     * @param destination the stream representing the tail of the file.
+     * @param buffer the buffer representing the (constant-size) body of the file.
+     * @param oldNodeOrigin
+     * @param oldGroupOrigin
+     * @param formatOptions
+     * @return the size written, in bytes.
+     * @throws IOException
+     */
+    private static int moveGroup(final int nodeOrigin, final int[] characters, final int length,
+            final int flags, final int frequency, final int parentAddress,
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcutTargets,
+            final ArrayList<PendingAttribute> bigrams, final OutputStream destination,
+            final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer, final int oldNodeOrigin,
+            final int oldGroupOrigin, final FormatOptions formatOptions) throws IOException {
+        int size = 0;
+        final int newGroupOrigin = nodeOrigin + 1;
+        final int[] writtenCharacters = Arrays.copyOfRange(characters, 0, length);
+        final CharGroupInfo tmpInfo = new CharGroupInfo(newGroupOrigin, -1 /* endAddress */,
+                flags, writtenCharacters, frequency, parentAddress, FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS,
+                shortcutTargets, bigrams);
+        size = computeGroupSize(tmpInfo, formatOptions);
+        final CharGroupInfo newInfo = new CharGroupInfo(newGroupOrigin, newGroupOrigin + size,
+                flags, writtenCharacters, frequency, parentAddress,
+                nodeOrigin + 1 + size + FormatSpec.FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS_SIZE, shortcutTargets,
+                bigrams);
+        moveCharGroup(destination, buffer, newInfo, oldNodeOrigin, oldGroupOrigin, formatOptions);
+        return 1 + size + FormatSpec.FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert a word into a binary dictionary.
+     *
+     * @param buffer
+     * @param destination
+     * @param word
+     * @param frequency
+     * @param bigramStrings
+     * @param shortcuts
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws UnsupportedFormatException
+     */
+    // TODO: Support batch insertion.
+    // TODO: Remove @UsedForTesting once UserHistoryDictionary is implemented by BinaryDictionary.
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public static void insertWord(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final OutputStream destination, final String word, final int frequency,
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> bigramStrings,
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcuts, final boolean isNotAWord,
+            final boolean isBlackListEntry)
+                    throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+        final ArrayList<PendingAttribute> bigrams = new ArrayList<PendingAttribute>();
+        if (bigramStrings != null) {
+            for (final WeightedString bigram : bigramStrings) {
+                int position = getTerminalPosition(buffer, bigram.mWord);
+                if (position == FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD) {
+                    // TODO: figure out what is the correct thing to do here.
+                } else {
+                    bigrams.add(new PendingAttribute(bigram.mFrequency, position));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        final boolean isTerminal = true;
+        final boolean hasBigrams = !bigrams.isEmpty();
+        final boolean hasShortcuts = shortcuts != null && !shortcuts.isEmpty();
+
+        // find the insert position of the word.
+        if (buffer.position() != 0) buffer.position(0);
+        final FileHeader header = BinaryDictInputOutput.readHeader(buffer);
+
+        int wordPos = 0, address = buffer.position(), nodeOriginAddress = buffer.position();
+        final int[] codePoints = FusionDictionary.getCodePoints(word);
+        final int wordLen = codePoints.length;
+
+        for (int depth = 0; depth < Constants.Dictionary.MAX_WORD_LENGTH; ++depth) {
+            if (wordPos >= wordLen) break;
+            nodeOriginAddress = buffer.position();
+            int nodeParentAddress = -1;
+            final int charGroupCount = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroupCount(buffer);
+            boolean foundNextGroup = false;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < charGroupCount; ++i) {
+                address = buffer.position();
+                final CharGroupInfo currentInfo = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroup(buffer,
+                        buffer.position(), header.mFormatOptions);
+                final boolean isMovedGroup = BinaryDictInputOutput.isMovedGroup(currentInfo.mFlags,
+                        header.mFormatOptions);
+                if (isMovedGroup) continue;
+                nodeParentAddress = (currentInfo.mParentAddress == FormatSpec.NO_PARENT_ADDRESS)
+                        ? FormatSpec.NO_PARENT_ADDRESS : currentInfo.mParentAddress + address;
+                boolean matched = true;
+                for (int p = 0; p < currentInfo.mCharacters.length; ++p) {
+                    if (wordPos + p >= wordLen) {
+                        /*
+                         * splitting
+                         * before
+                         *  abcd - ef
+                         *
+                         * insert "abc"
+                         *
+                         * after
+                         *  abc - d - ef
+                         */
+                        final int newNodeAddress = buffer.limit();
+                        final int flags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(p > 1,
+                                isTerminal, 0, hasShortcuts, hasBigrams, false /* isNotAWord */,
+                                false /* isBlackListEntry */, header.mFormatOptions);
+                        int written = moveGroup(newNodeAddress, currentInfo.mCharacters, p, flags,
+                                frequency, nodeParentAddress, shortcuts, bigrams, destination,
+                                buffer, nodeOriginAddress, address, header.mFormatOptions);
+
+                        final int[] characters2 = Arrays.copyOfRange(currentInfo.mCharacters, p,
+                                currentInfo.mCharacters.length);
+                        if (currentInfo.mChildrenAddress != FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS) {
+                            updateParentAddresses(buffer, currentInfo.mChildrenAddress,
+                                    newNodeAddress + written + 1, header.mFormatOptions);
+                        }
+                        final CharGroupInfo newInfo2 = new CharGroupInfo(
+                                newNodeAddress + written + 1, -1 /* endAddress */,
+                                currentInfo.mFlags, characters2, currentInfo.mFrequency,
+                                newNodeAddress + 1, currentInfo.mChildrenAddress,
+                                currentInfo.mShortcutTargets, currentInfo.mBigrams);
+                        writeNode(destination, new CharGroupInfo[] { newInfo2 });
+                        return;
+                    } else if (codePoints[wordPos + p] != currentInfo.mCharacters[p]) {
+                        if (p > 0) {
+                            /*
+                             * splitting
+                             * before
+                             *   ab - cd
+                             *
+                             * insert "ac"
+                             *
+                             * after
+                             *   a - b - cd
+                             *     |
+                             *     - c
+                             */
+
+                            final int newNodeAddress = buffer.limit();
+                            final int childrenAddress = currentInfo.mChildrenAddress;
+
+                            // move prefix
+                            final int prefixFlags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(p > 1,
+                                    false /* isTerminal */, 0 /* childrenAddressSize*/,
+                                    false /* hasShortcut */, false /* hasBigrams */,
+                                    false /* isNotAWord */, false /* isBlackListEntry */,
+                                    header.mFormatOptions);
+                            int written = moveGroup(newNodeAddress, currentInfo.mCharacters, p,
+                                    prefixFlags, -1 /* frequency */, nodeParentAddress, null, null,
+                                    destination, buffer, nodeOriginAddress, address,
+                                    header.mFormatOptions);
+
+                            final int[] suffixCharacters = Arrays.copyOfRange(
+                                    currentInfo.mCharacters, p, currentInfo.mCharacters.length);
+                            if (currentInfo.mChildrenAddress != FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS) {
+                                updateParentAddresses(buffer, currentInfo.mChildrenAddress,
+                                        newNodeAddress + written + 1, header.mFormatOptions);
+                            }
+                            final int suffixFlags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(
+                                    suffixCharacters.length > 1,
+                                    (currentInfo.mFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL) != 0,
+                                    0 /* childrenAddressSize */,
+                                    (currentInfo.mFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_SHORTCUT_TARGETS)
+                                            != 0,
+                                    (currentInfo.mFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS) != 0,
+                                    isNotAWord, isBlackListEntry, header.mFormatOptions);
+                            final CharGroupInfo suffixInfo = new CharGroupInfo(
+                                    newNodeAddress + written + 1, -1 /* endAddress */, suffixFlags,
+                                    suffixCharacters, currentInfo.mFrequency, newNodeAddress + 1,
+                                    currentInfo.mChildrenAddress, currentInfo.mShortcutTargets,
+                                    currentInfo.mBigrams);
+                            written += computeGroupSize(suffixInfo, header.mFormatOptions) + 1;
+
+                            final int[] newCharacters = Arrays.copyOfRange(codePoints, wordPos + p,
+                                    codePoints.length);
+                            final int flags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(
+                                    newCharacters.length > 1, isTerminal,
+                                    0 /* childrenAddressSize */, hasShortcuts, hasBigrams,
+                                    isNotAWord, isBlackListEntry, header.mFormatOptions);
+                            final CharGroupInfo newInfo = new CharGroupInfo(
+                                    newNodeAddress + written, -1 /* endAddress */, flags,
+                                    newCharacters, frequency, newNodeAddress + 1,
+                                    FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS, shortcuts, bigrams);
+                            writeNode(destination, new CharGroupInfo[] { suffixInfo, newInfo });
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        matched = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (matched) {
+                    if (wordPos + currentInfo.mCharacters.length == wordLen) {
+                        // the word exists in the dictionary.
+                        // only update group.
+                        final int newNodeAddress = buffer.limit();
+                        final boolean hasMultipleChars = currentInfo.mCharacters.length > 1;
+                        final int flags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(hasMultipleChars,
+                                isTerminal, 0 /* childrenAddressSize */, hasShortcuts, hasBigrams,
+                                isNotAWord, isBlackListEntry, header.mFormatOptions);
+                        final CharGroupInfo newInfo = new CharGroupInfo(newNodeAddress + 1,
+                                -1 /* endAddress */, flags, currentInfo.mCharacters, frequency,
+                                nodeParentAddress, currentInfo.mChildrenAddress, shortcuts,
+                                bigrams);
+                        moveCharGroup(destination, buffer, newInfo, nodeOriginAddress, address,
+                                header.mFormatOptions);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    wordPos += currentInfo.mCharacters.length;
+                    if (currentInfo.mChildrenAddress == FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS) {
+                        /*
+                         * found the prefix of the word.
+                         * make new node and link to the node from this group.
+                         *
+                         * before
+                         * ab - cd
+                         *
+                         * insert "abcde"
+                         *
+                         * after
+                         * ab - cd - e
+                         */
+                        final int newNodeAddress = buffer.limit();
+                        updateChildrenAddress(buffer, address, newNodeAddress,
+                                header.mFormatOptions);
+                        final int newGroupAddress = newNodeAddress + 1;
+                        final boolean hasMultipleChars = (wordLen - wordPos) > 1;
+                        final int flags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(hasMultipleChars,
+                                isTerminal, 0 /* childrenAddressSize */, hasShortcuts, hasBigrams,
+                                isNotAWord, isBlackListEntry, header.mFormatOptions);
+                        final int[] characters = Arrays.copyOfRange(codePoints, wordPos, wordLen);
+                        final CharGroupInfo newInfo = new CharGroupInfo(newGroupAddress, -1, flags,
+                                characters, frequency, address, FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS,
+                                shortcuts, bigrams);
+                        writeNode(destination, new CharGroupInfo[] { newInfo });
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    buffer.position(currentInfo.mChildrenAddress);
+                    foundNextGroup = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (foundNextGroup) continue;
+
+            // reached the end of the array.
+            final int linkAddressPosition = buffer.position();
+            int nextLink = buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+            if ((nextLink & MSB24) != 0) {
+                nextLink = -(nextLink & SINT24_MAX);
+            }
+            if (nextLink == FormatSpec.NO_FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS) {
+                /*
+                 * expand this node.
+                 *
+                 * before
+                 * ab - cd
+                 *
+                 * insert "abef"
+                 *
+                 * after
+                 * ab - cd
+                 *    |
+                 *    - ef
+                 */
+
+                // change the forward link address.
+                final int newNodeAddress = buffer.limit();
+                buffer.position(linkAddressPosition);
+                writeSInt24ToBuffer(buffer, newNodeAddress);
+
+                final int[] characters = Arrays.copyOfRange(codePoints, wordPos, wordLen);
+                final int flags = BinaryDictInputOutput.makeCharGroupFlags(characters.length > 1,
+                        isTerminal, 0 /* childrenAddressSize */, hasShortcuts, hasBigrams,
+                        isNotAWord, isBlackListEntry, header.mFormatOptions);
+                final CharGroupInfo newInfo = new CharGroupInfo(newNodeAddress + 1,
+                        -1 /* endAddress */, flags, characters, frequency, nodeParentAddress,
+                        FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS, shortcuts, bigrams);
+                writeNode(destination, new CharGroupInfo[]{ newInfo });
+                return;
+            } else {
+                depth--;
+                buffer.position(nextLink);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find a word from the buffer.
+     *
+     * @param buffer the buffer representing the body of the dictionary file.
+     * @param word the word searched
+     * @return the found group
+     * @throws IOException
+     * @throws UnsupportedFormatException
+     */
+    @UsedForTesting
+    public static CharGroupInfo findWordFromBuffer(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final String word) throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+        int position = getTerminalPosition(buffer, word);
+        if (position != FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD) {
+            buffer.position(0);
+            final FileHeader header = BinaryDictInputOutput.readHeader(buffer);
+            buffer.position(position);
+            return BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroup(buffer, position, header.mFormatOptions);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutput.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutput.java
index b431a4d..d1a3c7b 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutput.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutput.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec.FileHeader;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec.FormatOptions;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.CharGroup;
@@ -76,12 +77,12 @@
 
         @Override
         public int readUnsignedByte() {
-            return ((int)mBuffer.get()) & 0xFF;
+            return mBuffer.get() & 0xFF;
         }
 
         @Override
         public int readUnsignedShort() {
-            return ((int)mBuffer.getShort()) & 0xFFFF;
+            return mBuffer.getShort() & 0xFFFF;
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -124,8 +125,7 @@
     /**
      * A class grouping utility function for our specific character encoding.
      */
-    private static final class CharEncoding {
-
+    static final class CharEncoding {
         private static final int MINIMAL_ONE_BYTE_CHARACTER_VALUE = 0x20;
         private static final int MAXIMAL_ONE_BYTE_CHARACTER_VALUE = 0xFF;
 
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
          * @param character the character code.
          * @return the size in binary encoded-form, either 1 or 3 bytes.
          */
-        private static int getCharSize(final int character) {
+        static int getCharSize(final int character) {
             // See char encoding in FusionDictionary.java
             if (fitsOnOneByte(character)) return 1;
             if (FormatSpec.INVALID_CHARACTER == character) return 1;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
          * @param buffer the buffer, positioned over an encoded character.
          * @return the character code.
          */
-        private static int readChar(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer) {
+        static int readChar(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer) {
             int character = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
             if (!fitsOnOneByte(character)) {
                 if (FormatSpec.GROUP_CHARACTERS_TERMINATOR == character) {
@@ -277,6 +277,21 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Compute the binary size of the character array.
+     *
+     * If only one character, this is the size of this character. If many, it's the sum of their
+     * sizes + 1 byte for the terminator.
+     *
+     * @param characters the character array
+     * @return the size of the char array, including the terminator if any
+     */
+    static int getGroupCharactersSize(final int[] characters) {
+        int size = CharEncoding.getCharArraySize(characters);
+        if (characters.length > 1) size += FormatSpec.GROUP_TERMINATOR_SIZE;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Compute the binary size of the character array in a group
      *
      * If only one character, this is the size of this character. If many, it's the sum of their
@@ -286,9 +301,7 @@
      * @return the size of the char array, including the terminator if any
      */
     private static int getGroupCharactersSize(final CharGroup group) {
-        int size = CharEncoding.getCharArraySize(group.mChars);
-        if (group.hasSeveralChars()) size += FormatSpec.GROUP_TERMINATOR_SIZE;
-        return size;
+        return getGroupCharactersSize(group.mChars);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -338,7 +351,7 @@
      * This is known in advance and does not change according to position in the file
      * like address lists do.
      */
-    private static int getShortcutListSize(final ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcutList) {
+    static int getShortcutListSize(final ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcutList) {
         if (null == shortcutList) return 0;
         int size = FormatSpec.GROUP_SHORTCUT_LIST_SIZE_SIZE;
         for (final WeightedString shortcut : shortcutList) {
@@ -399,7 +412,16 @@
      * Helper method to check whether the group is moved.
      */
     public static boolean isMovedGroup(final int flags, final FormatOptions options) {
-        return options.mSupportsDynamicUpdate && ((flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_MOVED) == 1);
+        return options.mSupportsDynamicUpdate
+                && ((flags & FormatSpec.MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE) == FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_MOVED);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper method to check whether the group is deleted.
+     */
+    public static boolean isDeletedGroup(final int flags, final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        return formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate
+                && ((flags & FormatSpec.MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE) == FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_DELETED);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -439,7 +461,7 @@
      * @param address the address
      * @return the byte size.
      */
-    private static int getByteSize(final int address) {
+    static int getByteSize(final int address) {
         assert(address <= UINT24_MAX);
         if (!hasChildrenAddress(address)) {
             return 0;
@@ -452,11 +474,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static final int SINT8_MAX = 0x7F;
-    private static final int SINT16_MAX = 0x7FFF;
     private static final int SINT24_MAX = 0x7FFFFF;
     private static final int MSB8 = 0x80;
-    private static final int MSB16 = 0x8000;
     private static final int MSB24 = 0x800000;
 
     // End utility methods.
@@ -721,51 +740,58 @@
         return 3;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Makes the flag value for a char group.
+     *
+     * @param hasMultipleChars whether the group has multiple chars.
+     * @param isTerminal whether the group is terminal.
+     * @param childrenAddressSize the size of a children address.
+     * @param hasShortcuts whether the group has shortcuts.
+     * @param hasBigrams whether the group has bigrams.
+     * @param isNotAWord whether the group is not a word.
+     * @param isBlackListEntry whether the group is a blacklist entry.
+     * @param formatOptions file format options.
+     * @return the flags
+     */
+    static int makeCharGroupFlags(final boolean hasMultipleChars, final boolean isTerminal,
+            final int childrenAddressSize, final boolean hasShortcuts, final boolean hasBigrams,
+            final boolean isNotAWord, final boolean isBlackListEntry,
+            final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        byte flags = 0;
+        if (hasMultipleChars) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS;
+        if (isTerminal) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL;
+        if (formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate) {
+            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_NOT_MOVED;
+        } else if (true) {
+            switch (childrenAddressSize) {
+                case 1:
+                    flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE;
+                    break;
+                case 2:
+                    flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES;
+                    break;
+                case 3:
+                    flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES;
+                    break;
+                case 0:
+                    flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_NOADDRESS;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    throw new RuntimeException("Node with a strange address");
+            }
+        }
+        if (hasShortcuts) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_SHORTCUT_TARGETS;
+        if (hasBigrams) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS;
+        if (isNotAWord) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_NOT_A_WORD;
+        if (isBlackListEntry) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_BLACKLISTED;
+        return flags;
+    }
+
     private static byte makeCharGroupFlags(final CharGroup group, final int groupAddress,
             final int childrenOffset, final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
-        byte flags = 0;
-        if (group.mChars.length > 1) flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS;
-        if (group.mFrequency >= 0) {
-            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_TERMINAL;
-        }
-        if (null != group.mChildren) {
-            final int byteSize = formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate
-                    ? FormatSpec.SIGNED_CHILDREN_ADDRESS_SIZE : getByteSize(childrenOffset);
-            switch (byteSize) {
-            case 1:
-                flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE;
-                break;
-            case 2:
-                flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES;
-                break;
-            case 3:
-                flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES;
-                break;
-            default:
-                throw new RuntimeException("Node with a strange address");
-            }
-        } else if (formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate) {
-            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES;
-        }
-        if (null != group.mShortcutTargets) {
-            if (DBG && 0 == group.mShortcutTargets.size()) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("0-sized shortcut list must be null");
-            }
-            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_SHORTCUT_TARGETS;
-        }
-        if (null != group.mBigrams) {
-            if (DBG && 0 == group.mBigrams.size()) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("0-sized bigram list must be null");
-            }
-            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS;
-        }
-        if (group.mIsNotAWord) {
-            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_NOT_A_WORD;
-        }
-        if (group.mIsBlacklistEntry) {
-            flags |= FormatSpec.FLAG_IS_BLACKLISTED;
-        }
-        return flags;
+        return (byte) makeCharGroupFlags(group.mChars.length > 1, group.mFrequency >= 0,
+                getByteSize(childrenOffset), group.mShortcutTargets != null, group.mBigrams != null,
+                group.mIsNotAWord, group.mIsBlacklistEntry, formatOptions);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -859,7 +885,7 @@
      * @param frequency the frequency of the attribute, 0..15
      * @return the flags
      */
-    private static final int makeShortcutFlags(final boolean more, final int frequency) {
+    static final int makeShortcutFlags(final boolean more, final int frequency) {
         return (more ? FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT : 0)
                 + (frequency & FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_FREQUENCY);
     }
@@ -897,6 +923,7 @@
      */
     private static int writePlacedNode(final FusionDictionary dict, byte[] buffer,
             final Node node, final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        // TODO: Make the code in common with BinaryDictIOUtils#writeCharGroup
         int index = node.mCachedAddress;
 
         final int groupCount = node.mData.size();
@@ -1178,7 +1205,7 @@
     // Input methods: Read a binary dictionary to memory.
     // readDictionaryBinary is the public entry point for them.
 
-    private static int getChildrenAddressSize(final int optionFlags,
+    static int getChildrenAddressSize(final int optionFlags,
             final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
         if (formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate) return FormatSpec.SIGNED_CHILDREN_ADDRESS_SIZE;
         switch (optionFlags & FormatSpec.MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE) {
@@ -1194,7 +1221,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static int readChildrenAddress(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+    static int readChildrenAddress(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
             final int optionFlags, final FormatOptions options) {
         if (options.mSupportsDynamicUpdate) {
             final int address = buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
@@ -1219,7 +1246,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private static int readParentAddress(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+    static int readParentAddress(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
             final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
         if (supportsDynamicUpdate(formatOptions)) {
             final int parentAddress = buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
@@ -1290,7 +1317,8 @@
         ArrayList<PendingAttribute> bigrams = null;
         if (0 != (flags & FormatSpec.FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS)) {
             bigrams = new ArrayList<PendingAttribute>();
-            while (true) {
+            int bigramCount = 0;
+            while (bigramCount++ < FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_GROUP) {
                 final int bigramFlags = buffer.readUnsignedByte();
                 ++addressPointer;
                 final int sign = 0 == (bigramFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_OFFSET_NEGATIVE)
@@ -1318,6 +1346,9 @@
                         bigramAddress));
                 if (0 == (bigramFlags & FormatSpec.FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT)) break;
             }
+            if (bigramCount >= FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_GROUP) {
+                MakedictLog.d("too many bigrams in a group.");
+            }
         }
         return new CharGroupInfo(originalGroupAddress, addressPointer, flags, characters, frequency,
                 parentAddress, childrenAddress, shortcutTargets, bigrams);
@@ -1340,7 +1371,8 @@
     // of this method. Since it performs direct, unbuffered random access to the file and
     // may be called hundreds of thousands of times, the resulting performance is not
     // reasonable without some kind of cache. Thus:
-    private static TreeMap<Integer, String> wordCache = new TreeMap<Integer, String>();
+    private static TreeMap<Integer, WeightedString> wordCache =
+            new TreeMap<Integer, WeightedString>();
     /**
      * Finds, as a string, the word at the address passed as an argument.
      *
@@ -1348,15 +1380,15 @@
      * @param headerSize the size of the header.
      * @param address the address to seek.
      * @param formatOptions file format options.
-     * @return the word, as a string.
+     * @return the word with its frequency, as a weighted string.
      */
-    /* packages for tests */ static String getWordAtAddress(
+    /* package for tests */ static WeightedString getWordAtAddress(
             final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer, final int headerSize, final int address,
             final FormatOptions formatOptions) {
-        final String cachedString = wordCache.get(address);
+        final WeightedString cachedString = wordCache.get(address);
         if (null != cachedString) return cachedString;
 
-        final String result;
+        final WeightedString result;
         final int originalPointer = buffer.position();
         buffer.position(address);
 
@@ -1372,14 +1404,17 @@
         return result;
     }
 
+    // TODO: static!? This will behave erratically when used in multi-threaded code.
+    // We need to fix this
     private static int[] sGetWordBuffer = new int[FormatSpec.MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
-    private static String getWordAtAddressWithParentAddress(
+    private static WeightedString getWordAtAddressWithParentAddress(
             final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer, final int headerSize, final int address,
             final FormatOptions options) {
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
 
         int currentAddress = address;
         int index = FormatSpec.MAX_WORD_LENGTH - 1;
+        int frequency = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
         // the length of the path from the root to the leaf is limited by MAX_WORD_LENGTH
         for (int count = 0; count < FormatSpec.MAX_WORD_LENGTH; ++count) {
             CharGroupInfo currentInfo;
@@ -1394,6 +1429,7 @@
                     MakedictLog.d("Too many jumps - probably a bug");
                 }
             } while (isMovedGroup(currentInfo.mFlags, options));
+            if (Integer.MIN_VALUE == frequency) frequency = currentInfo.mFrequency;
             for (int i = 0; i < currentInfo.mCharacters.length; ++i) {
                 sGetWordBuffer[index--] =
                         currentInfo.mCharacters[currentInfo.mCharacters.length - i - 1];
@@ -1402,17 +1438,19 @@
             currentAddress = currentInfo.mParentAddress + currentInfo.mOriginalAddress;
         }
 
-        return new String(sGetWordBuffer, index + 1, FormatSpec.MAX_WORD_LENGTH - index - 1);
+        return new WeightedString(
+                new String(sGetWordBuffer, index + 1, FormatSpec.MAX_WORD_LENGTH - index - 1),
+                        frequency);
     }
 
-    private static String getWordAtAddressWithoutParentAddress(
+    private static WeightedString getWordAtAddressWithoutParentAddress(
             final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer, final int headerSize, final int address,
             final FormatOptions options) {
         buffer.position(headerSize);
         final int count = readCharGroupCount(buffer);
         int groupOffset = getGroupCountSize(count);
         final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
-        String result = null;
+        WeightedString result = null;
 
         CharGroupInfo last = null;
         for (int i = count - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
@@ -1420,7 +1458,7 @@
             groupOffset = info.mEndAddress;
             if (info.mOriginalAddress == address) {
                 builder.append(new String(info.mCharacters, 0, info.mCharacters.length));
-                result = builder.toString();
+                result = new WeightedString(builder.toString(), info.mFrequency);
                 break; // and return
             }
             if (hasChildrenAddress(info.mChildrenAddress)) {
@@ -1481,9 +1519,11 @@
                 if (null != info.mBigrams) {
                     bigrams = new ArrayList<WeightedString>();
                     for (PendingAttribute bigram : info.mBigrams) {
-                        final String word = getWordAtAddress(
+                        final WeightedString word = getWordAtAddress(
                                 buffer, headerSize, bigram.mAddress, options);
-                        bigrams.add(new WeightedString(word, bigram.mFrequency));
+                        final int reconstructedFrequency =
+                                reconstructBigramFrequency(word.mFrequency, bigram.mFrequency);
+                        bigrams.add(new WeightedString(word.mWord, reconstructedFrequency));
                     }
                 }
                 if (hasChildrenAddress(info.mChildrenAddress)) {
@@ -1618,6 +1658,7 @@
      * @param dict an optional dictionary to add words to, or null.
      * @return the created (or merged) dictionary.
      */
+    @UsedForTesting
     public static FusionDictionary readDictionaryBinary(
             final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer, final FusionDictionary dict)
                     throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
@@ -1655,17 +1696,24 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Helper method to pass a file name instead of a File object to isBinaryDictionary.
+     */
+    public static boolean isBinaryDictionary(final String filename) {
+        final File file = new File(filename);
+        return isBinaryDictionary(file);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Basic test to find out whether the file is a binary dictionary or not.
      *
      * Concretely this only tests the magic number.
      *
-     * @param filename The name of the file to test.
+     * @param file The file to test.
      * @return true if it's a binary dictionary, false otherwise
      */
-    public static boolean isBinaryDictionary(final String filename) {
+    public static boolean isBinaryDictionary(final File file) {
         FileInputStream inStream = null;
         try {
-            final File file = new File(filename);
             inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
             final ByteBuffer buffer = inStream.getChannel().map(
                     FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, file.length());
@@ -1700,8 +1748,7 @@
             final int bigramFrequency) {
         final float stepSize = (FormatSpec.MAX_TERMINAL_FREQUENCY - unigramFrequency)
                 / (1.5f + FormatSpec.MAX_BIGRAM_FREQUENCY);
-        final float resultFreqFloat = (float)unigramFrequency
-                + stepSize * (bigramFrequency + 1.0f);
+        final float resultFreqFloat = unigramFrequency + stepSize * (bigramFrequency + 1.0f);
         return (int)resultFreqFloat;
     }
 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java
index b3fbb9f..705f664 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FormatSpec.java
@@ -59,9 +59,11 @@
      * l |                                   10 = 2 bytes     : FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES
      * a |                                   11 = 3 bytes     : FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES
      * g | ELSE
-     * s |   is moved ?              2 bits, 11 = no
-     *   |                                   01 = yes
+     * s |   is moved ?              2 bits, 11 = no          : FLAG_IS_NOT_MOVED
+     *   |                              This must be the same as FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES
+     *   |                                   01 = yes         : FLAG_IS_MOVED
      *   |                        the new address is stored in the same place as the parent address
+     *   |   is deleted?                     10 = yes         : FLAG_IS_DELETED
      *   | has several chars ?         1 bit, 1 = yes, 0 = no   : FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS
      *   | has a terminal ?            1 bit, 1 = yes, 0 = no   : FLAG_IS_TERMINAL
      *   | has shortcut targets ?      1 bit, 1 = yes, 0 = no   : FLAG_HAS_SHORTCUT_TARGETS
@@ -170,6 +172,7 @@
     static final int PARENT_ADDRESS_SIZE = 3;
     static final int FORWARD_LINK_ADDRESS_SIZE = 3;
 
+    // These flags are used only in the static dictionary.
     static final int MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE = 0xC0;
     static final int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_NOADDRESS = 0x00;
     static final int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE = 0x40;
@@ -183,7 +186,13 @@
     static final int FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS = 0x04;
     static final int FLAG_IS_NOT_A_WORD = 0x02;
     static final int FLAG_IS_BLACKLISTED = 0x01;
-    static final int FLAG_IS_MOVED = 0x40;
+
+    // These flags are used only in the dynamic dictionary.
+    static final int MASK_MOVE_AND_DELETE_FLAG = 0xC0;
+    static final int FIXED_BIT_OF_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_MOVE = 0x40;
+    static final int FLAG_IS_MOVED = 0x00 | FIXED_BIT_OF_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_MOVE;
+    static final int FLAG_IS_NOT_MOVED = 0x80 | FIXED_BIT_OF_DYNAMIC_UPDATE_MOVE;
+    static final int FLAG_IS_DELETED = 0x80;
 
     static final int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT = 0x80;
     static final int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_OFFSET_NEGATIVE = 0x40;
@@ -210,10 +219,13 @@
 
     static final int MAX_CHARGROUPS_FOR_ONE_BYTE_CHARGROUP_COUNT = 0x7F; // 127
     static final int MAX_CHARGROUPS_IN_A_NODE = 0x7FFF; // 32767
+    static final int MAX_BIGRAMS_IN_A_GROUP = 10000;
 
     static final int MAX_TERMINAL_FREQUENCY = 255;
     static final int MAX_BIGRAM_FREQUENCY = 15;
 
+    public static final int SHORTCUT_WHITELIST_FREQUENCY = 15;
+
     // This option needs to be the same numeric value as the one in binary_format.h.
     static final int NOT_VALID_WORD = -99;
     static final int SIGNED_CHILDREN_ADDRESS_SIZE = 3;
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FusionDictionary.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FusionDictionary.java
index 3193ef4..b0b3777 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FusionDictionary.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/FusionDictionary.java
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Date;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.LinkedList;
@@ -141,6 +142,33 @@
             return NOT_A_TERMINAL != mFrequency;
         }
 
+        public int getFrequency() {
+            return mFrequency;
+        }
+
+        public boolean getIsNotAWord() {
+            return mIsNotAWord;
+        }
+
+        public boolean getIsBlacklistEntry() {
+            return mIsBlacklistEntry;
+        }
+
+        public ArrayList<WeightedString> getShortcutTargets() {
+            // We don't want write permission to escape outside the package, so we return a copy
+            if (null == mShortcutTargets) return null;
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> copyOfShortcutTargets =
+                    new ArrayList<WeightedString>(mShortcutTargets);
+            return copyOfShortcutTargets;
+        }
+
+        public ArrayList<WeightedString> getBigrams() {
+            // We don't want write permission to escape outside the package, so we return a copy
+            if (null == mBigrams) return null;
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> copyOfBigrams = new ArrayList<WeightedString>(mBigrams);
+            return copyOfBigrams;
+        }
+
         public boolean hasSeveralChars() {
             assert(mChars.length > 0);
             return 1 < mChars.length;
@@ -249,8 +277,6 @@
 
     /**
      * Options global to the dictionary.
-     *
-     * There are no options at the moment, so this class is empty.
      */
     public static final class DictionaryOptions {
         public final boolean mGermanUmlautProcessing;
@@ -262,6 +288,43 @@
             mGermanUmlautProcessing = germanUmlautProcessing;
             mFrenchLigatureProcessing = frenchLigatureProcessing;
         }
+        @Override
+        public String toString() { // Convenience method
+            return toString(0, false);
+        }
+        public String toString(final int indentCount, final boolean plumbing) {
+            final StringBuilder indent = new StringBuilder();
+            if (plumbing) {
+                indent.append("H:");
+            } else {
+                for (int i = 0; i < indentCount; ++i) {
+                    indent.append(" ");
+                }
+            }
+            final StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
+            for (final String optionKey : mAttributes.keySet()) {
+                s.append(indent);
+                s.append(optionKey);
+                s.append(" = ");
+                if ("date".equals(optionKey) && !plumbing) {
+                    // Date needs a number of milliseconds, but the dictionary contains seconds
+                    s.append(new Date(
+                            1000 * Long.parseLong(mAttributes.get(optionKey))).toString());
+                } else {
+                    s.append(mAttributes.get(optionKey));
+                }
+                s.append("\n");
+            }
+            if (mGermanUmlautProcessing) {
+                s.append(indent);
+                s.append("Needs German umlaut processing\n");
+            }
+            if (mFrenchLigatureProcessing) {
+                s.append(indent);
+                s.append("Needs French ligature processing\n");
+            }
+            return s.toString();
+        }
     }
 
     public final DictionaryOptions mOptions;
@@ -279,7 +342,7 @@
     /**
      * Helper method to convert a String to an int array.
      */
-    static private int[] getCodePoints(final String word) {
+    static int[] getCodePoints(final String word) {
         // TODO: this is a copy-paste of the contents of StringUtils.toCodePointArray,
         // which is not visible from the makedict package. Factor this code.
         final char[] characters = word.toCharArray();
@@ -358,6 +421,10 @@
             if (charGroup2 == null) {
                 add(getCodePoints(word2), 0, null, false /* isNotAWord */,
                         false /* isBlacklistEntry */);
+                // The chargroup for the first word may have moved by the above insertion,
+                // if word1 and word2 share a common stem that happens not to have been
+                // a cutting point until now. In this case, we need to refresh charGroup.
+                charGroup = findWordInTree(mRoot, word1);
             }
             charGroup.addBigram(word2, frequency);
         } else {
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidSpellCheckerService.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidSpellCheckerService.java
index 5a11ae5..49b9886 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidSpellCheckerService.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidSpellCheckerService.java
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private final ArrayList<CharSequence> mSuggestions;
+        private final ArrayList<String> mSuggestions;
         private final int[] mScores;
         private final String mOriginalText;
         private final float mSuggestionThreshold;
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
                 gatheredSuggestions = mSuggestions.toArray(EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY);
 
                 final int bestScore = mScores[mLength - 1];
-                final CharSequence bestSuggestion = mSuggestions.get(0);
+                final String bestSuggestion = mSuggestions.get(0);
                 final float normalizedScore =
                         BinaryDictionary.calcNormalizedScore(
                                 mOriginalText, bestSuggestion.toString(), bestScore);
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidWordLevelSpellCheckerSession.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidWordLevelSpellCheckerSession.java
index 53ed4d3..a8f3239 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidWordLevelSpellCheckerSession.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/AndroidWordLevelSpellCheckerSession.java
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@
                         dictInfo.mDictionary.getSuggestions(composer, prevWord,
                                 dictInfo.mProximityInfo);
                 for (final SuggestedWordInfo suggestion : suggestions) {
-                    final String suggestionStr = suggestion.mWord.toString();
+                    final String suggestionStr = suggestion.mWord;
                     suggestionsGatherer.addWord(suggestionStr.toCharArray(), null, 0,
                             suggestionStr.length(), suggestion.mScore);
                 }
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/DictionaryPool.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/DictionaryPool.java
index 1fb2bbb..eae5d2e 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/DictionaryPool.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/DictionaryPool.java
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@
             new Dictionary(Dictionary.TYPE_MAIN) {
                 @Override
                 public ArrayList<SuggestedWordInfo> getSuggestions(final WordComposer composer,
-                        final CharSequence prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
+                        final String prevWord, final ProximityInfo proximityInfo) {
                     return noSuggestions;
                 }
                 @Override
-                public boolean isValidWord(CharSequence word) {
+                public boolean isValidWord(final String word) {
                     // This is never called. However if for some strange reason it ever gets
                     // called, returning true is less destructive (it will not underline the
                     // word in red).
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/SpellCheckerProximityInfo.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/SpellCheckerProximityInfo.java
index 11bb970..6c0d79c 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/SpellCheckerProximityInfo.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/spellcheck/SpellCheckerProximityInfo.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin.spellcheck;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ProximityInfo;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@
 import java.util.TreeMap;
 
 public final class SpellCheckerProximityInfo {
-    /* public for test */
+    @UsedForTesting
     final public static int NUL = Constants.NOT_A_CODE;
 
     // This must be the same as MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE else it will not work inside
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestions.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestions.java
index 4e9fd19..35d5a00 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestions.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestions.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Key;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardSwitcher;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardBuilder;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardIconsSet;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardParams;
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@
             int pos = fromPos, rowStartPos = fromPos;
             final int size = Math.min(suggestions.size(), SuggestionStripView.MAX_SUGGESTIONS);
             while (pos < size) {
-                final String word = suggestions.getWord(pos).toString();
+                final String word = suggestions.getWord(pos);
                 // TODO: Should take care of text x-scaling.
                 mWidths[pos] = (int)view.getLabelWidth(word, paint) + padding;
                 final int numColumn = pos - rowStartPos + 1;
@@ -176,11 +175,11 @@
         }
 
         public Builder layout(final SuggestedWords suggestions, final int fromPos,
-                final int maxWidth, final int minWidth, final int maxRow) {
-            final Keyboard keyboard = KeyboardSwitcher.getInstance().getKeyboard();
+                final int maxWidth, final int minWidth, final int maxRow,
+                final Keyboard parentKeyboard) {
             final int xmlId = R.xml.kbd_suggestions_pane_template;
-            load(xmlId, keyboard.mId);
-            mParams.mVerticalGap = mParams.mTopPadding = keyboard.mVerticalGap / 2;
+            load(xmlId, parentKeyboard.mId);
+            mParams.mVerticalGap = mParams.mTopPadding = parentKeyboard.mVerticalGap / 2;
 
             mPaneView.updateKeyboardGeometry(mParams.mDefaultRowHeight);
             final int count = mParams.layout(suggestions, fromPos, maxWidth, minWidth, maxRow,
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestionsView.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestionsView.java
index 03a2e73..6cdd9e2 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestionsView.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/MoreSuggestionsView.java
@@ -56,17 +56,17 @@
     final KeyboardActionListener mSuggestionsPaneListener =
             new KeyboardActionListener.Adapter() {
         @Override
-        public void onPressKey(int primaryCode) {
+        public void onPressKey(final int primaryCode) {
             mListener.onPressKey(primaryCode);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onReleaseKey(int primaryCode, boolean withSliding) {
+        public void onReleaseKey(final int primaryCode, final boolean withSliding) {
             mListener.onReleaseKey(primaryCode, withSliding);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onCodeInput(int primaryCode, int x, int y) {
+        public void onCodeInput(final int primaryCode, final int x, final int y) {
             final int index = primaryCode - MoreSuggestions.SUGGESTION_CODE_BASE;
             if (index >= 0 && index < SuggestionStripView.MAX_SUGGESTIONS) {
                 mListener.onCustomRequest(index);
@@ -79,11 +79,12 @@
         }
     };
 
-    public MoreSuggestionsView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
+    public MoreSuggestionsView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
         this(context, attrs, R.attr.moreSuggestionsViewStyle);
     }
 
-    public MoreSuggestionsView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
+    public MoreSuggestionsView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
+            final int defStyle) {
         super(context, attrs, defStyle);
 
         final Resources res = context.getResources();
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
+    protected void onMeasure(final int widthMeasureSpec, final int heightMeasureSpec) {
         final Keyboard keyboard = getKeyboard();
         if (keyboard != null) {
             final int width = keyboard.mOccupiedWidth + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight();
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void setKeyboard(Keyboard keyboard) {
+    public void setKeyboard(final Keyboard keyboard) {
         super.setKeyboard(keyboard);
         mModalPanelKeyDetector.setKeyboard(keyboard, -getPaddingLeft(), -getPaddingTop());
         mSlidingPanelKeyDetector.setKeyboard(keyboard, -getPaddingLeft(),
@@ -138,15 +139,16 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void setKeyPreviewPopupEnabled(boolean previewEnabled, int delay) {
+    public void setKeyPreviewPopupEnabled(final boolean previewEnabled, final int delay) {
         // Suggestions pane needs no pop-up key preview displayed, so we pass always false with a
         // delay of 0. The delay does not matter actually since the popup is not shown anyway.
         super.setKeyPreviewPopupEnabled(false, 0);
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void showMoreKeysPanel(View parentView, Controller controller, int pointX, int pointY,
-            PopupWindow window, KeyboardActionListener listener) {
+    public void showMoreKeysPanel(final View parentView, final Controller controller,
+            final int pointX, final int pointY, final PopupWindow window,
+            final KeyboardActionListener listener) {
         mController = controller;
         mListener = listener;
         final View container = (View)getParent();
@@ -179,12 +181,12 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int translateX(int x) {
+    public int translateX(final int x) {
         return x - mOriginX;
     }
 
     @Override
-    public int translateY(int y) {
+    public int translateY(final int y) {
         return y - mOriginY;
     }
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@
     };
 
     @Override
-    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent me) {
+    public boolean onTouchEvent(final MotionEvent me) {
         final int action = me.getAction();
         final long eventTime = me.getEventTime();
         final int index = me.getActionIndex();
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/SuggestionStripView.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/SuggestionStripView.java
index e926fa2..e7cb97f 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/SuggestionStripView.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/suggestions/SuggestionStripView.java
@@ -52,13 +52,16 @@
 import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
 import android.widget.TextView;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardActionListener;
+import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardSwitcher;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.KeyboardView;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.MoreKeysPanel;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.PointerTracker;
 import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.ViewLayoutUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.AutoCorrection;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.LatinImeLogger;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.ResourceUtils;
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@
         OnLongClickListener {
     public interface Listener {
         public boolean addWordToUserDictionary(String word);
-        public void pickSuggestionManually(int index, CharSequence word);
+        public void pickSuggestionManually(int index, String word);
     }
 
     // The maximum number of suggestions available. See {@link Suggest#mPrefMaxSuggestions}.
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@
     static final boolean DBG = LatinImeLogger.sDBG;
 
     private final ViewGroup mSuggestionsStrip;
-    private KeyboardView mKeyboardView;
+    KeyboardView mKeyboardView;
 
     private final View mMoreSuggestionsContainer;
     private final MoreSuggestionsView mMoreSuggestionsView;
@@ -97,8 +100,8 @@
     private final PopupWindow mPreviewPopup;
     private final TextView mPreviewText;
 
-    private Listener mListener;
-    private SuggestedWords mSuggestedWords = SuggestedWords.EMPTY;
+    Listener mListener;
+    SuggestedWords mSuggestedWords = SuggestedWords.EMPTY;
 
     private final SuggestionStripViewParams mParams;
     private static final float MIN_TEXT_XSCALE = 0.70f;
@@ -108,12 +111,12 @@
     private static final class UiHandler extends StaticInnerHandlerWrapper<SuggestionStripView> {
         private static final int MSG_HIDE_PREVIEW = 0;
 
-        public UiHandler(SuggestionStripView outerInstance) {
+        public UiHandler(final SuggestionStripView outerInstance) {
             super(outerInstance);
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
+        public void dispatchMessage(final Message msg) {
             final SuggestionStripView suggestionStripView = getOuterInstance();
             switch (msg.what) {
             case MSG_HIDE_PREVIEW:
@@ -177,8 +180,9 @@
         private final TextView mLeftwardsArrowView;
         private final TextView mHintToSaveView;
 
-        public SuggestionStripViewParams(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle,
-                ArrayList<TextView> words, ArrayList<View> dividers, ArrayList<TextView> infos) {
+        public SuggestionStripViewParams(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
+                final int defStyle, final ArrayList<TextView> words, final ArrayList<View> dividers,
+                final ArrayList<TextView> infos) {
             mWords = words;
             mDividers = dividers;
             mInfos = infos;
@@ -250,7 +254,7 @@
             return mMaxMoreSuggestionsRow * mMoreSuggestionsRowHeight + mMoreSuggestionsBottomGap;
         }
 
-        public int setMoreSuggestionsHeight(int remainingHeight) {
+        public int setMoreSuggestionsHeight(final int remainingHeight) {
             final int currentHeight = getMoreSuggestionsHeight();
             if (currentHeight <= remainingHeight) {
                 return currentHeight;
@@ -262,7 +266,8 @@
             return newHeight;
         }
 
-        private static Drawable getMoreSuggestionsHint(Resources res, float textSize, int color) {
+        private static Drawable getMoreSuggestionsHint(final Resources res, final float textSize,
+                final int color) {
             final Paint paint = new Paint();
             paint.setAntiAlias(true);
             paint.setTextAlign(Align.CENTER);
@@ -279,8 +284,9 @@
             return new BitmapDrawable(res, buffer);
         }
 
-        private CharSequence getStyledSuggestionWord(SuggestedWords suggestedWords, int pos) {
-            final CharSequence word = suggestedWords.getWord(pos);
+        private CharSequence getStyledSuggestionWord(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
+                final int pos) {
+            final String word = suggestedWords.getWord(pos);
             final boolean isAutoCorrect = pos == 1 && suggestedWords.willAutoCorrect();
             final boolean isTypedWordValid = pos == 0 && suggestedWords.mTypedWordValid;
             if (!isAutoCorrect && !isTypedWordValid)
@@ -299,7 +305,7 @@
             return spannedWord;
         }
 
-        private int getWordPosition(int index, SuggestedWords suggestedWords) {
+        private int getWordPosition(final int index, final SuggestedWords suggestedWords) {
             // TODO: This works for 3 suggestions. Revisit this algorithm when there are 5 or more
             // suggestions.
             final int centerPos = suggestedWords.willAutoCorrect() ? 1 : 0;
@@ -312,7 +318,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private int getSuggestionTextColor(int index, SuggestedWords suggestedWords, int pos) {
+        private int getSuggestionTextColor(final int index, final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
+                final int pos) {
             // TODO: Need to revisit this logic with bigram suggestions
             final boolean isSuggested = (pos != 0);
 
@@ -331,7 +338,7 @@
                 // is in slot 1.
                 if (index == mCenterSuggestionIndex
                         && AutoCorrection.shouldBlockAutoCorrectionBySafetyNet(
-                                suggestedWords.getWord(1).toString(), suggestedWords.getWord(0))) {
+                                suggestedWords.getWord(1), suggestedWords.getWord(0))) {
                     return 0xFFFF0000;
                 }
             }
@@ -355,8 +362,8 @@
             params.gravity = Gravity.CENTER;
         }
 
-        public void layout(SuggestedWords suggestedWords, ViewGroup stripView, ViewGroup placer,
-                int stripWidth) {
+        public void layout(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords, final ViewGroup stripView,
+                final ViewGroup placer, final int stripWidth) {
             if (suggestedWords.mIsPunctuationSuggestions) {
                 layoutPunctuationSuggestions(suggestedWords, stripView);
                 return;
@@ -402,7 +409,7 @@
                 x += word.getMeasuredWidth();
 
                 if (DBG && pos < suggestedWords.size()) {
-                    final CharSequence debugInfo = Utils.getDebugInfo(suggestedWords, pos);
+                    final String debugInfo = Utils.getDebugInfo(suggestedWords, pos);
                     if (debugInfo != null) {
                         final TextView info = mInfos.get(pos);
                         info.setText(debugInfo);
@@ -418,14 +425,14 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private int getSuggestionWidth(int index, int maxWidth) {
+        private int getSuggestionWidth(final int index, final int maxWidth) {
             final int paddings = mPadding * mSuggestionsCountInStrip;
             final int dividers = mDividerWidth * (mSuggestionsCountInStrip - 1);
             final int availableWidth = maxWidth - paddings - dividers;
             return (int)(availableWidth * getSuggestionWeight(index));
         }
 
-        private float getSuggestionWeight(int index) {
+        private float getSuggestionWeight(final int index) {
             if (index == mCenterSuggestionIndex) {
                 return mCenterSuggestionWeight;
             } else {
@@ -434,7 +441,7 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private void setupTexts(SuggestedWords suggestedWords, int countInStrip) {
+        private void setupTexts(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords, final int countInStrip) {
             mTexts.clear();
             final int count = Math.min(suggestedWords.size(), countInStrip);
             for (int pos = 0; pos < count; pos++) {
@@ -447,8 +454,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private void layoutPunctuationSuggestions(SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
-                ViewGroup stripView) {
+        private void layoutPunctuationSuggestions(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords,
+                final ViewGroup stripView) {
             final int countInStrip = Math.min(suggestedWords.size(), PUNCTUATIONS_IN_STRIP);
             for (int index = 0; index < countInStrip; index++) {
                 if (index != 0) {
@@ -459,7 +466,7 @@
                 final TextView word = mWords.get(index);
                 word.setEnabled(true);
                 word.setTextColor(mColorAutoCorrect);
-                final CharSequence text = suggestedWords.getWord(index);
+                final String text = suggestedWords.getWord(index);
                 word.setText(text);
                 word.setTextScaleX(1.0f);
                 word.setCompoundDrawables(null, null, null, null);
@@ -469,8 +476,8 @@
             mMoreSuggestionsAvailable = false;
         }
 
-        public void layoutAddToDictionaryHint(CharSequence word, ViewGroup stripView,
-                int stripWidth, CharSequence hintText, OnClickListener listener) {
+        public void layoutAddToDictionaryHint(final String word, final ViewGroup stripView,
+                final int stripWidth, final CharSequence hintText, final OnClickListener listener) {
             final int width = stripWidth - mDividerWidth - mPadding * 2;
 
             final TextView wordView = mWordToSaveView;
@@ -511,11 +518,11 @@
             return (CharSequence)mWordToSaveView.getTag();
         }
 
-        public boolean isAddToDictionaryShowing(View v) {
+        public boolean isAddToDictionaryShowing(final View v) {
             return v == mWordToSaveView || v == mHintToSaveView || v == mLeftwardsArrowView;
         }
 
-        private static void setLayoutWeight(View v, float weight, int height) {
+        private static void setLayoutWeight(final View v, final float weight, final int height) {
             final ViewGroup.LayoutParams lp = v.getLayoutParams();
             if (lp instanceof LinearLayout.LayoutParams) {
                 final LinearLayout.LayoutParams llp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)lp;
@@ -525,7 +532,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        private static float getTextScaleX(CharSequence text, int maxWidth, TextPaint paint) {
+        private static float getTextScaleX(final CharSequence text, final int maxWidth,
+                final TextPaint paint) {
             paint.setTextScaleX(1.0f);
             final int width = getTextWidth(text, paint);
             if (width <= maxWidth) {
@@ -534,8 +542,8 @@
             return maxWidth / (float)width;
         }
 
-        private static CharSequence getEllipsizedText(CharSequence text, int maxWidth,
-                TextPaint paint) {
+        private static CharSequence getEllipsizedText(final CharSequence text, final int maxWidth,
+                final TextPaint paint) {
             if (text == null) return null;
             paint.setTextScaleX(1.0f);
             final int width = getTextWidth(text, paint);
@@ -556,7 +564,7 @@
             return ellipsized;
         }
 
-        private static int getTextWidth(CharSequence text, TextPaint paint) {
+        private static int getTextWidth(final CharSequence text, final TextPaint paint) {
             if (TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) return 0;
             final Typeface savedTypeface = paint.getTypeface();
             paint.setTypeface(getTextTypeface(text));
@@ -571,7 +579,7 @@
             return width;
         }
 
-        private static Typeface getTextTypeface(CharSequence text) {
+        private static Typeface getTextTypeface(final CharSequence text) {
             if (!(text instanceof SpannableString))
                 return Typeface.DEFAULT;
 
@@ -593,11 +601,12 @@
      * @param context
      * @param attrs
      */
-    public SuggestionStripView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
+    public SuggestionStripView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs) {
         this(context, attrs, R.attr.suggestionStripViewStyle);
     }
 
-    public SuggestionStripView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
+    public SuggestionStripView(final Context context, final AttributeSet attrs,
+            final int defStyle) {
         super(context, attrs, defStyle);
 
         final LayoutInflater inflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
@@ -658,15 +667,12 @@
      * A connection back to the input method.
      * @param listener
      */
-    public void setListener(Listener listener, View inputView) {
+    public void setListener(final Listener listener, final View inputView) {
         mListener = listener;
         mKeyboardView = (KeyboardView)inputView.findViewById(R.id.keyboard_view);
     }
 
-    public void setSuggestions(SuggestedWords suggestedWords) {
-        if (suggestedWords == null)
-            return;
-
+    public void setSuggestions(final SuggestedWords suggestedWords) {
         clear();
         mSuggestedWords = suggestedWords;
         mParams.layout(mSuggestedWords, mSuggestionsStrip, this, getWidth());
@@ -675,7 +681,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public int setMoreSuggestionsHeight(int remainingHeight) {
+    public int setMoreSuggestionsHeight(final int remainingHeight) {
         return mParams.setMoreSuggestionsHeight(remainingHeight);
     }
 
@@ -684,7 +690,7 @@
                 && mParams.isAddToDictionaryShowing(mSuggestionsStrip.getChildAt(0));
     }
 
-    public void showAddToDictionaryHint(CharSequence word, CharSequence hintText) {
+    public void showAddToDictionaryHint(final String word, final CharSequence hintText) {
         clear();
         mParams.layoutAddToDictionaryHint(word, mSuggestionsStrip, getWidth(), hintText, this);
     }
@@ -708,16 +714,16 @@
         dismissMoreSuggestions();
     }
 
-    private void hidePreview() {
+    void hidePreview() {
         mPreviewPopup.dismiss();
     }
 
     private final KeyboardActionListener mMoreSuggestionsListener =
             new KeyboardActionListener.Adapter() {
         @Override
-        public boolean onCustomRequest(int requestCode) {
+        public boolean onCustomRequest(final int requestCode) {
             final int index = requestCode;
-            final CharSequence word = mSuggestedWords.getWord(index);
+            final String word = mSuggestedWords.getWord(index);
             mListener.pickSuggestionManually(index, word);
             dismissMoreSuggestions();
             return true;
@@ -737,7 +743,7 @@
         }
     };
 
-    private boolean dismissMoreSuggestions() {
+    boolean dismissMoreSuggestions() {
         if (mMoreSuggestionsWindow.isShowing()) {
             mMoreSuggestionsWindow.dismiss();
             return true;
@@ -746,41 +752,43 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public boolean onLongClick(View view) {
+    public boolean onLongClick(final View view) {
+        KeyboardSwitcher.getInstance().hapticAndAudioFeedback(Constants.NOT_A_CODE);
         return showMoreSuggestions();
     }
 
-    private boolean showMoreSuggestions() {
-        final SuggestionStripViewParams params = mParams;
-        if (params.mMoreSuggestionsAvailable) {
-            final int stripWidth = getWidth();
-            final View container = mMoreSuggestionsContainer;
-            final int maxWidth = stripWidth - container.getPaddingLeft()
-                    - container.getPaddingRight();
-            final MoreSuggestions.Builder builder = mMoreSuggestionsBuilder;
-            builder.layout(mSuggestedWords, params.mSuggestionsCountInStrip, maxWidth,
-                    (int)(maxWidth * params.mMinMoreSuggestionsWidth),
-                    params.getMaxMoreSuggestionsRow());
-            mMoreSuggestionsView.setKeyboard(builder.build());
-            container.measure(
-                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
-
-            final MoreKeysPanel moreKeysPanel = mMoreSuggestionsView;
-            final int pointX = stripWidth / 2;
-            final int pointY = -params.mMoreSuggestionsBottomGap;
-            moreKeysPanel.showMoreKeysPanel(
-                    this, mMoreSuggestionsController, pointX, pointY,
-                    mMoreSuggestionsWindow, mMoreSuggestionsListener);
-            mMoreSuggestionsMode = MORE_SUGGESTIONS_CHECKING_MODAL_OR_SLIDING;
-            mOriginX = mLastX;
-            mOriginY = mLastY;
-            mKeyboardView.dimEntireKeyboard(true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < params.mSuggestionsCountInStrip; i++) {
-                mWords.get(i).setPressed(false);
-            }
-            return true;
+    boolean showMoreSuggestions() {
+        final Keyboard parentKeyboard = KeyboardSwitcher.getInstance().getKeyboard();
+        if (parentKeyboard == null) {
+            return false;
         }
-        return false;
+        final SuggestionStripViewParams params = mParams;
+        if (!params.mMoreSuggestionsAvailable) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        final int stripWidth = getWidth();
+        final View container = mMoreSuggestionsContainer;
+        final int maxWidth = stripWidth - container.getPaddingLeft() - container.getPaddingRight();
+        final MoreSuggestions.Builder builder = mMoreSuggestionsBuilder;
+        builder.layout(mSuggestedWords, params.mSuggestionsCountInStrip, maxWidth,
+                (int)(maxWidth * params.mMinMoreSuggestionsWidth),
+                params.getMaxMoreSuggestionsRow(), parentKeyboard);
+        mMoreSuggestionsView.setKeyboard(builder.build());
+        container.measure(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
+
+        final MoreKeysPanel moreKeysPanel = mMoreSuggestionsView;
+        final int pointX = stripWidth / 2;
+        final int pointY = -params.mMoreSuggestionsBottomGap;
+        moreKeysPanel.showMoreKeysPanel(this, mMoreSuggestionsController, pointX, pointY,
+                mMoreSuggestionsWindow, mMoreSuggestionsListener);
+        mMoreSuggestionsMode = MORE_SUGGESTIONS_CHECKING_MODAL_OR_SLIDING;
+        mOriginX = mLastX;
+        mOriginY = mLastY;
+        mKeyboardView.dimEntireKeyboard(true);
+        for (int i = 0; i < params.mSuggestionsCountInStrip; i++) {
+            mWords.get(i).setPressed(false);
+        }
+        return true;
     }
 
     // Working variables for onLongClick and dispatchTouchEvent.
@@ -807,7 +815,7 @@
     };
 
     @Override
-    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent me) {
+    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(final MotionEvent me) {
         if (!mMoreSuggestionsWindow.isShowing()
                 || mMoreSuggestionsMode == MORE_SUGGESTIONS_IN_MODAL_MODE) {
             mLastX = (int)me.getX();
@@ -849,7 +857,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onClick(View view) {
+    public void onClick(final View view) {
         if (mParams.isAddToDictionaryShowing(view)) {
             mListener.addWordToUserDictionary(mParams.getAddToDictionaryWord().toString());
             clear();
@@ -863,7 +871,7 @@
         if (index >= mSuggestedWords.size())
             return;
 
-        final CharSequence word = mSuggestedWords.getWord(index);
+        final String word = mSuggestedWords.getWord(index);
         mListener.pickSuggestionManually(index, word);
     }
 
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/ResearchLogger.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/ResearchLogger.java
index 763fd6e..6295abe 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/ResearchLogger.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/ResearchLogger.java
@@ -870,7 +870,7 @@
         final long time = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
         final ResearchLogger researchLogger = getInstance();
         final Object[] values = {
-            Keyboard.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(code)), x, y
+            Constants.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(code)), x, y
         };
         researchLogger.enqueuePotentiallyPrivateEvent(EVENTKEYS_LATINIME_ONCODEINPUT, values);
         if (Character.isDigit(code)) {
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@
     };
     public static void latinIME_sendKeyCodePoint(final int code) {
         final Object[] values = {
-            Keyboard.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(code))
+            Constants.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(code))
         };
         final ResearchLogger researchLogger = getInstance();
         researchLogger.enqueuePotentiallyPrivateEvent(EVENTKEYS_LATINIME_SENDKEYCODEPOINT, values);
@@ -1092,7 +1092,7 @@
         if (key != null) {
             String outputText = key.getOutputText();
             final Object[] values = {
-                Keyboard.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(code)), outputText == null ? null
+                Constants.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(code)), outputText == null ? null
                         : scrubDigitsFromString(outputText.toString()),
                 x, y, ignoreModifierKey, altersCode, key.isEnabled()
             };
@@ -1109,7 +1109,7 @@
             final boolean withSliding, final boolean ignoreModifierKey) {
         if (key != null) {
             final Object[] values = {
-                Keyboard.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(primaryCode)), withSliding,
+                Constants.printableCode(scrubDigitFromCodePoint(primaryCode)), withSliding,
                 ignoreModifierKey, key.isEnabled()
             };
             getInstance().enqueuePotentiallyPrivateEvent(
diff --git a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/Statistics.java b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/Statistics.java
index eab465a..98491bd 100644
--- a/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/Statistics.java
+++ b/java/src/com/android/inputmethod/research/Statistics.java
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.research;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 public class Statistics {
     // Number of characters entered during a typing session
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 
     public void recordChar(int codePoint, long time) {
         final long delta = time - mLastTapTime;
-        if (codePoint == Keyboard.CODE_DELETE) {
+        if (codePoint == Constants.CODE_DELETE) {
             mDeleteKeyCount++;
             if (delta < MIN_DELETION_INTERMISSION) {
                 if (mIsLastKeyDeleteKey) {
diff --git a/native/jni/Android.mk b/native/jni/Android.mk
index 567648f..ac33649 100644
--- a/native/jni/Android.mk
+++ b/native/jni/Android.mk
@@ -28,7 +28,12 @@
 
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += $(LATIN_IME_SRC_FULLPATH_DIR) $(LATIN_IME_SRC_FULLPATH_DIR)/gesture
 
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Werror -Wall
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Werror -Wall -Wextra -Weffc++ -Wformat=2 -Wcast-qual -Wcast-align \
+    -Wwrite-strings -Wfloat-equal -Wpointer-arith -Winit-self -Wredundant-decls -Wno-system-headers
+
+ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH), arm)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Winline
+endif
 
 # To suppress compiler warnings for unused variables/functions used for debug features etc.
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-unused-function
@@ -50,6 +55,7 @@
     proximity_info.cpp \
     proximity_info_state.cpp \
     unigram_dictionary.cpp \
+    words_priority_queue.cpp \
     gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.cpp \
     gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.cpp
 
diff --git a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_keyboard_ProximityInfo.cpp b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_keyboard_ProximityInfo.cpp
index 560b3a5..2423bb5 100644
--- a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_keyboard_ProximityInfo.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_keyboard_ProximityInfo.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "LatinIME: jni: ProximityInfo"
 
 #include "com_android_inputmethod_keyboard_ProximityInfo.h"
+#include "defines.h"
 #include "jni.h"
 #include "jni_common.h"
 #include "proximity_info.h"
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
     delete pi;
 }
 
-static JNINativeMethod sKeyboardMethods[] = {
+static JNINativeMethod sMethods[] = {
     {"setProximityInfoNative", "(Ljava/lang/String;IIIIII[II[I[I[I[I[I[F[F[F)J",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_Keyboard_setProximityInfo)},
     {"releaseProximityInfoNative", "(J)V", reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_Keyboard_release)}
@@ -49,7 +50,6 @@
 
 int register_ProximityInfo(JNIEnv *env) {
     const char *const kClassPathName = "com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/ProximityInfo";
-    return registerNativeMethods(env, kClassPathName, sKeyboardMethods,
-            sizeof(sKeyboardMethods) / sizeof(sKeyboardMethods[0]));
+    return registerNativeMethods(env, kClassPathName, sMethods, NELEMS(sMethods));
 }
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
index dd2513f..004665a 100644
--- a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_BinaryDictionary.cpp
@@ -44,9 +44,8 @@
 static void releaseDictBuf(const void *dictBuf, const size_t length, const int fd);
 
 static jlong latinime_BinaryDictionary_open(JNIEnv *env, jobject object,
-        jstring sourceDir, jlong dictOffset, jlong dictSize,
-        jint typedLetterMultiplier, jint fullWordMultiplier, jint maxWordLength, jint maxWords,
-        jint maxPredictions) {
+        jstring sourceDir, jlong dictOffset, jlong dictSize, jint fullWordMultiplier,
+        jint maxWordLength, jint maxWords, jint maxPredictions) {
     PROF_OPEN;
     PROF_START(66);
     const jsize sourceDirUtf8Length = env->GetStringUTFLength(sourceDir);
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@
     adjust = static_cast<int>(dictOffset) % pagesize;
     int adjDictOffset = static_cast<int>(dictOffset) - adjust;
     int adjDictSize = static_cast<int>(dictSize) + adjust;
-    dictBuf = mmap(0, sizeof(char) * adjDictSize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, adjDictOffset);
+    dictBuf = mmap(0, adjDictSize, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, adjDictOffset);
     if (dictBuf == MAP_FAILED) {
         AKLOGE("DICT: Can't mmap dictionary. errno=%d", errno);
         return 0;
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@
         AKLOGE("DICT: Can't fopen sourceDir. sourceDirChars=%s errno=%d", sourceDirChars, errno);
         return 0;
     }
-    dictBuf = malloc(sizeof(char) * dictSize);
+    dictBuf = malloc(dictSize);
     if (!dictBuf) {
         AKLOGE("DICT: Can't allocate memory region for dictionary. errno=%d", errno);
         return 0;
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@
         AKLOGE("DICT: Failure in fseek. ret=%d errno=%d", ret, errno);
         return 0;
     }
-    ret = fread(dictBuf, sizeof(char) * dictSize, 1, file);
+    ret = fread(dictBuf, dictSize, 1, file);
     if (ret != 1) {
         AKLOGE("DICT: Failure in fread. ret=%d errno=%d", ret, errno);
         return 0;
@@ -121,7 +120,7 @@
 #endif // USE_MMAP_FOR_DICTIONARY
     } else {
         dictionary = new Dictionary(dictBuf, static_cast<int>(dictSize), fd, adjust,
-                typedLetterMultiplier, fullWordMultiplier, maxWordLength, maxWords, maxPredictions);
+                fullWordMultiplier, maxWordLength, maxWords, maxPredictions);
     }
     PROF_END(66);
     PROF_CLOSE;
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@
         jintArray yCoordinatesArray, jintArray timesArray, jintArray pointerIdsArray,
         jintArray inputCodePointsArray, jint arraySize, jint commitPoint, jboolean isGesture,
         jintArray prevWordCodePointsForBigrams, jboolean useFullEditDistance,
-        jcharArray outputCharsArray, jintArray scoresArray, jintArray spaceIndicesArray,
+        jintArray outputCodePointsArray, jintArray scoresArray, jintArray spaceIndicesArray,
         jintArray outputTypesArray) {
     Dictionary *dictionary = reinterpret_cast<Dictionary *>(dict);
     if (!dictionary) return 0;
@@ -163,16 +162,15 @@
     }
 
     // Output values
-    // TODO: Should be "outputCodePointsLength" and "int outputCodePoints[]"
-    const jsize outputCharsLength = env->GetArrayLength(outputCharsArray);
-    unsigned short outputChars[outputCharsLength];
+    const jsize outputCodePointsLength = env->GetArrayLength(outputCodePointsArray);
+    int outputCodePoints[outputCodePointsLength];
     const jsize scoresLength = env->GetArrayLength(scoresArray);
     int scores[scoresLength];
     const jsize spaceIndicesLength = env->GetArrayLength(spaceIndicesArray);
     int spaceIndices[spaceIndicesLength];
     const jsize outputTypesLength = env->GetArrayLength(outputTypesArray);
     int outputTypes[outputTypesLength];
-    memset(outputChars, 0, sizeof(outputChars));
+    memset(outputCodePoints, 0, sizeof(outputCodePoints));
     memset(scores, 0, sizeof(scores));
     memset(spaceIndices, 0, sizeof(spaceIndices));
     memset(outputTypes, 0, sizeof(outputTypes));
@@ -181,16 +179,15 @@
     if (isGesture || arraySize > 0) {
         count = dictionary->getSuggestions(pInfo, traverseSession, xCoordinates, yCoordinates,
                 times, pointerIds, inputCodePoints, arraySize, prevWordCodePoints,
-                prevWordCodePointsLength, commitPoint, isGesture, useFullEditDistance, outputChars,
-                scores, spaceIndices, outputTypes);
+                prevWordCodePointsLength, commitPoint, isGesture, useFullEditDistance,
+                outputCodePoints, scores, spaceIndices, outputTypes);
     } else {
         count = dictionary->getBigrams(prevWordCodePoints, prevWordCodePointsLength,
-                inputCodePoints, arraySize, outputChars, scores, outputTypes);
+                inputCodePoints, arraySize, outputCodePoints, scores, outputTypes);
     }
 
     // Copy back the output values
-    // TODO: Should be SetIntArrayRegion()
-    env->SetCharArrayRegion(outputCharsArray, 0, outputCharsLength, outputChars);
+    env->SetIntArrayRegion(outputCodePointsArray, 0, outputCodePointsLength, outputCodePoints);
     env->SetIntArrayRegion(scoresArray, 0, scoresLength, scores);
     env->SetIntArrayRegion(spaceIndicesArray, 0, spaceIndicesLength, spaceIndices);
     env->SetIntArrayRegion(outputTypesArray, 0, outputTypesLength, outputTypes);
@@ -222,29 +219,27 @@
 }
 
 static jfloat latinime_BinaryDictionary_calcNormalizedScore(JNIEnv *env, jobject object,
-        jcharArray before, jcharArray after, jint score) {
+        jintArray before, jintArray after, jint score) {
     jsize beforeLength = env->GetArrayLength(before);
     jsize afterLength = env->GetArrayLength(after);
-    jchar beforeChars[beforeLength];
-    jchar afterChars[afterLength];
-    env->GetCharArrayRegion(before, 0, beforeLength, beforeChars);
-    env->GetCharArrayRegion(after, 0, afterLength, afterChars);
-    return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(
-            static_cast<unsigned short *>(beforeChars), beforeLength,
-            static_cast<unsigned short *>(afterChars), afterLength, score);
+    int beforeCodePoints[beforeLength];
+    int afterCodePoints[afterLength];
+    env->GetIntArrayRegion(before, 0, beforeLength, beforeCodePoints);
+    env->GetIntArrayRegion(after, 0, afterLength, afterCodePoints);
+    return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(beforeCodePoints, beforeLength,
+            afterCodePoints, afterLength, score);
 }
 
-static jint latinime_BinaryDictionary_editDistance(JNIEnv *env, jobject object,
-        jcharArray before, jcharArray after) {
+static jint latinime_BinaryDictionary_editDistance(JNIEnv *env, jobject object, jintArray before,
+        jintArray after) {
     jsize beforeLength = env->GetArrayLength(before);
     jsize afterLength = env->GetArrayLength(after);
-    jchar beforeChars[beforeLength];
-    jchar afterChars[afterLength];
-    env->GetCharArrayRegion(before, 0, beforeLength, beforeChars);
-    env->GetCharArrayRegion(after, 0, afterLength, afterChars);
-    return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::editDistance(
-            static_cast<unsigned short *>(beforeChars), beforeLength,
-            static_cast<unsigned short *>(afterChars), afterLength);
+    int beforeCodePoints[beforeLength];
+    int afterCodePoints[afterLength];
+    env->GetIntArrayRegion(before, 0, beforeLength, beforeCodePoints);
+    env->GetIntArrayRegion(after, 0, afterLength, afterCodePoints);
+    return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::editDistance(beforeCodePoints, beforeLength,
+            afterCodePoints, afterLength);
 }
 
 static void latinime_BinaryDictionary_close(JNIEnv *env, jobject object, jlong dict) {
@@ -277,24 +272,23 @@
 }
 
 static JNINativeMethod sMethods[] = {
-    {"openNative", "(Ljava/lang/String;JJIIIII)J",
+    {"openNative", "(Ljava/lang/String;JJIIII)J",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_open)},
     {"closeNative", "(J)V", reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_close)},
-    {"getSuggestionsNative", "(JJJ[I[I[I[I[IIIZ[IZ[C[I[I[I)I",
+    {"getSuggestionsNative", "(JJJ[I[I[I[I[IIIZ[IZ[I[I[I[I)I",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_getSuggestions)},
     {"getFrequencyNative", "(J[I)I",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_getFrequency)},
     {"isValidBigramNative", "(J[I[I)Z",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_isValidBigram)},
-    {"calcNormalizedScoreNative", "([C[CI)F",
+    {"calcNormalizedScoreNative", "([I[II)F",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_calcNormalizedScore)},
-    {"editDistanceNative", "([C[C)I",
+    {"editDistanceNative", "([I[I)I",
             reinterpret_cast<void *>(latinime_BinaryDictionary_editDistance)}
 };
 
 int register_BinaryDictionary(JNIEnv *env) {
     const char *const kClassPathName = "com/android/inputmethod/latin/BinaryDictionary";
-    return registerNativeMethods(env, kClassPathName, sMethods,
-            sizeof(sMethods) / sizeof(sMethods[0]));
+    return registerNativeMethods(env, kClassPathName, sMethods, NELEMS(sMethods));
 }
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_DicTraverseSession.cpp b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_DicTraverseSession.cpp
index 5d405f1..7bb8dc5 100644
--- a/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_DicTraverseSession.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/com_android_inputmethod_latin_DicTraverseSession.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "LatinIME: jni: Session"
 
 #include "com_android_inputmethod_latin_DicTraverseSession.h"
+#include "defines.h"
 #include "dic_traverse_wrapper.h"
 #include "jni.h"
 #include "jni_common.h"
@@ -57,7 +58,6 @@
 
 int register_DicTraverseSession(JNIEnv *env) {
     const char *const kClassPathName = "com/android/inputmethod/latin/DicTraverseSession";
-    return registerNativeMethods(env, kClassPathName, sMethods,
-            sizeof(sMethods) / sizeof(sMethods[0]));
+    return registerNativeMethods(env, kClassPathName, sMethods, NELEMS(sMethods));
 }
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/additional_proximity_chars.h b/native/jni/src/additional_proximity_chars.h
index d420c46..0333c2d 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/additional_proximity_chars.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/additional_proximity_chars.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     static const int EN_US_ADDITIONAL_U_SIZE = 4;
     static const int32_t EN_US_ADDITIONAL_U[];
 
-    static bool isEnLocale(const char *localeStr) {
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE static bool isEnLocale(const char *localeStr) {
         const size_t LOCALE_EN_US_SIZE = strlen(LOCALE_EN_US);
         return localeStr && strlen(localeStr) >= LOCALE_EN_US_SIZE
                 && strncmp(localeStr, LOCALE_EN_US, LOCALE_EN_US_SIZE) == 0;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.cpp b/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.cpp
index dade4f1..f89dd16 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.cpp
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@
 BigramDictionary::~BigramDictionary() {
 }
 
-bool BigramDictionary::addWordBigram(unsigned short *word, int length, int frequency,
-        int *bigramFreq, unsigned short *bigramChars, int *outputTypes) const {
+bool BigramDictionary::addWordBigram(int *word, int length, int frequency, int *bigramFreq,
+        int *bigramCodePoints, int *outputTypes) const {
     word[length] = 0;
     if (DEBUG_DICT) {
 #ifdef FLAG_DBG
         char s[length + 1];
-        for (int i = 0; i <= length; i++) s[i] = word[i];
+        for (int i = 0; i <= length; i++) s[i] = static_cast<char>(word[i]);
         AKLOGI("Bigram: Found word = %s, freq = %d :", s, frequency);
 #endif
     }
@@ -51,7 +51,8 @@
     int insertAt = 0;
     while (insertAt < MAX_PREDICTIONS) {
         if (frequency > bigramFreq[insertAt] || (bigramFreq[insertAt] == frequency
-                && length < Dictionary::wideStrLen(bigramChars + insertAt * MAX_WORD_LENGTH))) {
+                && length < Dictionary::wideStrLen(
+                        bigramCodePoints + insertAt * MAX_WORD_LENGTH))) {
             break;
         }
         insertAt++;
@@ -65,10 +66,10 @@
                 (MAX_PREDICTIONS - insertAt - 1) * sizeof(bigramFreq[0]));
         bigramFreq[insertAt] = frequency;
         outputTypes[insertAt] = Dictionary::KIND_PREDICTION;
-        memmove(bigramChars + (insertAt + 1) * MAX_WORD_LENGTH,
-                bigramChars + insertAt * MAX_WORD_LENGTH,
-                (MAX_PREDICTIONS - insertAt - 1) * sizeof(bigramChars[0]) * MAX_WORD_LENGTH);
-        unsigned short *dest = bigramChars + insertAt * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
+        memmove(bigramCodePoints + (insertAt + 1) * MAX_WORD_LENGTH,
+                bigramCodePoints + insertAt * MAX_WORD_LENGTH,
+                (MAX_PREDICTIONS - insertAt - 1) * sizeof(bigramCodePoints[0]) * MAX_WORD_LENGTH);
+        int *dest = bigramCodePoints + insertAt * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
         while (length--) {
             *dest++ = *word++;
         }
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@
  * prevWordLength: its length.
  * inputCodes: what user typed, in the same format as for UnigramDictionary::getSuggestions.
  * codesSize: the size of the codes array.
- * bigramChars: an array for output, at the same format as outwords for getSuggestions.
+ * bigramCodePoints: an array for output, at the same format as outwords for getSuggestions.
  * bigramFreq: an array to output frequencies.
  * outputTypes: an array to output types.
  * This method returns the number of bigrams this word has, for backward compatibility.
@@ -97,8 +98,8 @@
  * and the bigrams are used to boost unigram result scores, it makes little sense to
  * reduce their scope to the ones that match the first letter.
  */
-int BigramDictionary::getBigrams(const int32_t *prevWord, int prevWordLength, int *inputCodes,
-        int codesSize, unsigned short *bigramChars, int *bigramFreq, int *outputTypes) const {
+int BigramDictionary::getBigrams(const int *prevWord, int prevWordLength, int *inputCodes,
+        int codesSize, int *bigramCodePoints, int *bigramFreq, int *outputTypes) const {
     // TODO: remove unused arguments, and refrain from storing stuff in members of this class
     // TODO: have "in" arguments before "out" ones, and make out args explicit in the name
 
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@
     int bigramCount = 0;
     do {
         bigramFlags = BinaryFormat::getFlagsAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
-        uint16_t bigramBuffer[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
+        int bigramBuffer[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
         int unigramFreq = 0;
         const int bigramPos = BinaryFormat::getAttributeAddressAndForwardPointer(root, bigramFlags,
                 &pos);
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@
             // here, but it can't get too bad.
             const int frequency =
                     BinaryFormat::computeFrequencyForBigram(unigramFreq, bigramFreqTemp);
-            if (addWordBigram(bigramBuffer, length, frequency, bigramFreq, bigramChars,
+            if (addWordBigram(bigramBuffer, length, frequency, bigramFreq, bigramCodePoints,
                     outputTypes)) {
                 ++bigramCount;
             }
@@ -190,12 +191,12 @@
     } while (0 != (BinaryFormat::FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT & bigramFlags));
 }
 
-bool BigramDictionary::checkFirstCharacter(unsigned short *word, int *inputCodes) const {
+bool BigramDictionary::checkFirstCharacter(int *word, int *inputCodes) const {
     // Checks whether this word starts with same character or neighboring characters of
     // what user typed.
 
     int maxAlt = MAX_ALTERNATIVES;
-    const unsigned short firstBaseChar = toBaseLowerCase(*word);
+    const int firstBaseChar = toBaseLowerCase(*word);
     while (maxAlt > 0) {
         if (toBaseLowerCase(*inputCodes) == firstBaseChar) {
             return true;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.h b/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.h
index 5f11ae8..150192d 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/bigram_dictionary.h
@@ -27,23 +27,23 @@
 class BigramDictionary {
  public:
     BigramDictionary(const unsigned char *dict, int maxWordLength, int maxPredictions);
-    int getBigrams(const int32_t *word, int length, int *inputCodes, int codesSize,
-            unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const;
-    void fillBigramAddressToFrequencyMapAndFilter(const int32_t *prevWord, const int prevWordLength,
+    int getBigrams(const int *word, int length, int *inputCodes, int codesSize, int *outWords,
+            int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const;
+    void fillBigramAddressToFrequencyMapAndFilter(const int *prevWord, const int prevWordLength,
             std::map<int, int> *map, uint8_t *filter) const;
-    bool isValidBigram(const int32_t *word1, int length1, const int32_t *word2, int length2) const;
+    bool isValidBigram(const int *word1, int length1, const int *word2, int length2) const;
     ~BigramDictionary();
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(BigramDictionary);
-    bool addWordBigram(unsigned short *word, int length, int frequency,
-            int *bigramFreq, unsigned short *bigramChars, int *outputTypes) const;
+    bool addWordBigram(int *word, int length, int frequency, int *bigramFreq, int *bigramCodePoints,
+            int *outputTypes) const;
     int getBigramAddress(int *pos, bool advance);
     int getBigramFreq(int *pos);
     void searchForTerminalNode(int addressLookingFor, int frequency);
     bool getFirstBitOfByte(int *pos) { return (DICT[*pos] & 0x80) > 0; }
     bool getSecondBitOfByte(int *pos) { return (DICT[*pos] & 0x40) > 0; }
-    bool checkFirstCharacter(unsigned short *word, int *inputCodes) const;
-    int getBigramListPositionForWord(const int32_t *prevWord, const int prevWordLength,
+    bool checkFirstCharacter(int *word, int *inputCodes) const;
+    int getBigramListPositionForWord(const int *prevWord, const int prevWordLength,
             const bool forceLowerCaseSearch) const;
 
     const unsigned char *DICT;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/binary_format.h b/native/jni/src/binary_format.h
index eec52e3..9a8c315 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/binary_format.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/binary_format.h
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@
  public:
     // Mask and flags for children address type selection.
     static const int MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE = 0xC0;
-    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_NOADDRESS = 0x00;
-    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE = 0x40;
-    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES = 0x80;
-    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES = 0xC0;
 
     // Flag for single/multiple char group
     static const int FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS = 0x20;
@@ -61,36 +57,21 @@
 
     // Mask and flags for attribute address type selection.
     static const int MASK_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE = 0x30;
-    static const int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE = 0x10;
-    static const int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES = 0x20;
-    static const int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES = 0x30;
 
-    const static int UNKNOWN_FORMAT = -1;
-    // Originally, format version 1 had a 16-bit magic number, then the version number `01'
-    // then options that must be 0. Hence the first 32-bits of the format are always as follow
-    // and it's okay to consider them a magic number as a whole.
-    const static uint32_t FORMAT_VERSION_1_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x78B10100;
-    const static unsigned int FORMAT_VERSION_1_HEADER_SIZE = 5;
-    // The versions of Latin IME that only handle format version 1 only test for the magic
-    // number, so we had to change it so that version 2 files would be rejected by older
-    // implementations. On this occasion, we made the magic number 32 bits long.
-    const static uint32_t FORMAT_VERSION_2_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x9BC13AFE;
-
-    const static int CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR_SIZE = 1;
-    const static int SHORTCUT_LIST_SIZE_SIZE = 2;
+    static const int UNKNOWN_FORMAT = -1;
+    static const int SHORTCUT_LIST_SIZE_SIZE = 2;
 
     static int detectFormat(const uint8_t *const dict);
     static unsigned int getHeaderSize(const uint8_t *const dict);
     static unsigned int getFlags(const uint8_t *const dict);
     static int getGroupCountAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, int *pos);
     static uint8_t getFlagsAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, int *pos);
-    static int32_t getCodePointAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, int *pos);
+    static int getCodePointAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, int *pos);
     static int readFrequencyWithoutMovingPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, const int pos);
     static int skipOtherCharacters(const uint8_t *const dict, const int pos);
     static int skipChildrenPosition(const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
     static int skipFrequency(const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
     static int skipShortcuts(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
-    static int skipBigrams(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
     static int skipChildrenPosAndAttributes(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
             const int pos);
     static int readChildrenPosition(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
@@ -98,10 +79,10 @@
     static int getAttributeAddressAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
             int *pos);
     static int getAttributeFrequencyFromFlags(const int flags);
-    static int getTerminalPosition(const uint8_t *const root, const int32_t *const inWord,
+    static int getTerminalPosition(const uint8_t *const root, const int *const inWord,
             const int length, const bool forceLowerCaseSearch);
     static int getWordAtAddress(const uint8_t *const root, const int address, const int maxDepth,
-            uint16_t *outWord, int *outUnigramFrequency);
+            int *outWord, int *outUnigramFrequency);
     static int computeFrequencyForBigram(const int unigramFreq, const int bigramFreq);
     static int getProbability(const int position, const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap,
             const uint8_t *bigramFilter, const int unigramFreq);
@@ -113,17 +94,37 @@
         REQUIRES_GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING = 0x1,
         REQUIRES_FRENCH_LIGATURES_PROCESSING = 0x4
     };
-    const static unsigned int NO_FLAGS = 0;
 
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(BinaryFormat);
-    const static int32_t MINIMAL_ONE_BYTE_CHARACTER_VALUE = 0x20;
-    const static int32_t CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR = 0x1F;
-    const static int MULTIPLE_BYTE_CHARACTER_ADDITIONAL_SIZE = 2;
+    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_NOADDRESS = 0x00;
+    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE = 0x40;
+    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES = 0x80;
+    static const int FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES = 0xC0;
+    static const int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE = 0x10;
+    static const int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_TWOBYTES = 0x20;
+    static const int FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_ADDRESS_TYPE_THREEBYTES = 0x30;
+
+    // Originally, format version 1 had a 16-bit magic number, then the version number `01'
+    // then options that must be 0. Hence the first 32-bits of the format are always as follow
+    // and it's okay to consider them a magic number as a whole.
+    static const uint32_t FORMAT_VERSION_1_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x78B10100;
+    static const unsigned int FORMAT_VERSION_1_HEADER_SIZE = 5;
+    // The versions of Latin IME that only handle format version 1 only test for the magic
+    // number, so we had to change it so that version 2 files would be rejected by older
+    // implementations. On this occasion, we made the magic number 32 bits long.
+    static const uint32_t FORMAT_VERSION_2_MAGIC_NUMBER = 0x9BC13AFE;
+
+    static const int CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR_SIZE = 1;
+    static const int32_t MINIMAL_ONE_BYTE_CHARACTER_VALUE = 0x20;
+    static const int32_t CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR = 0x1F;
+    static const int MULTIPLE_BYTE_CHARACTER_ADDITIONAL_SIZE = 2;
+    static const unsigned int NO_FLAGS = 0;
     static int skipAllAttributes(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
+    static int skipBigrams(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags, const int pos);
 };
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::detectFormat(const uint8_t *const dict) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::detectFormat(const uint8_t *const dict) {
     // The magic number is stored big-endian.
     const uint32_t magicNumber = (dict[0] << 24) + (dict[1] << 16) + (dict[2] << 8) + dict[3];
     switch (magicNumber) {
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@
 inline unsigned int BinaryFormat::getFlags(const uint8_t *const dict) {
     switch (detectFormat(dict)) {
     case 1:
-        return NO_FLAGS;
+        return NO_FLAGS; // TODO: NO_FLAGS is unused anywhere else?
     default:
         return (dict[6] << 8) + dict[7];
     }
@@ -166,7 +167,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::getGroupCountAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, int *pos) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::getGroupCountAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict,
+        int *pos) {
     const int msb = dict[(*pos)++];
     if (msb < 0x80) return msb;
     return ((msb & 0x7F) << 8) | dict[(*pos)++];
@@ -176,17 +178,18 @@
     return dict[(*pos)++];
 }
 
-inline int32_t BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict, int *pos) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict,
+        int *pos) {
     const int origin = *pos;
-    const int32_t codePoint = dict[origin];
+    const int codePoint = dict[origin];
     if (codePoint < MINIMAL_ONE_BYTE_CHARACTER_VALUE) {
         if (codePoint == CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR) {
             *pos = origin + 1;
             return NOT_A_CODE_POINT;
         } else {
             *pos = origin + 3;
-            const int32_t char_1 = codePoint << 16;
-            const int32_t char_2 = char_1 + (dict[origin + 1] << 8);
+            const int char_1 = codePoint << 16;
+            const int char_2 = char_1 + (dict[origin + 1] << 8);
             return char_2 + dict[origin + 2];
         }
     } else {
@@ -200,9 +203,9 @@
     return dict[pos];
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::skipOtherCharacters(const uint8_t *const dict, const int pos) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::skipOtherCharacters(const uint8_t *const dict, const int pos) {
     int currentPos = pos;
-    int32_t character = dict[currentPos++];
+    int character = dict[currentPos++];
     while (CHARACTER_ARRAY_TERMINATOR != character) {
         if (character < MINIMAL_ONE_BYTE_CHARACTER_VALUE) {
             currentPos += MULTIPLE_BYTE_CHARACTER_ADDITIONAL_SIZE;
@@ -226,7 +229,7 @@
     */
 }
 
-static inline int skipExistingBigrams(const uint8_t *const dict, const int pos) {
+static AK_FORCE_INLINE int skipExistingBigrams(const uint8_t *const dict, const int pos) {
     int currentPos = pos;
     uint8_t flags = BinaryFormat::getFlagsAndForwardPointer(dict, &currentPos);
     while (flags & BinaryFormat::FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT) {
@@ -255,7 +258,7 @@
     return FLAG_IS_TERMINAL & flags ? pos + 1 : pos;
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::skipShortcuts(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::skipShortcuts(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
         const int pos) {
     if (FLAG_HAS_SHORTCUT_TARGETS & flags) {
         return pos + shortcutByteSize(dict, pos);
@@ -264,7 +267,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::skipBigrams(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::skipBigrams(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
         const int pos) {
     if (FLAG_HAS_BIGRAMS & flags) {
         return skipExistingBigrams(dict, pos);
@@ -273,7 +276,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::skipAllAttributes(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::skipAllAttributes(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
         const int pos) {
     // This function skips all attributes: shortcuts and bigrams.
     int newPos = pos;
@@ -282,7 +285,7 @@
     return newPos;
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::skipChildrenPosAndAttributes(const uint8_t *const dict,
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::skipChildrenPosAndAttributes(const uint8_t *const dict,
         const uint8_t flags, const int pos) {
     int currentPos = pos;
     currentPos = skipChildrenPosition(flags, currentPos);
@@ -290,8 +293,8 @@
     return currentPos;
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::readChildrenPosition(const uint8_t *const dict, const uint8_t flags,
-        const int pos) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::readChildrenPosition(const uint8_t *const dict,
+        const uint8_t flags, const int pos) {
     int offset = 0;
     switch (MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE & flags) {
         case FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_ONEBYTE:
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@
     return (FLAG_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE_NOADDRESS != (MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE & flags));
 }
 
-inline int BinaryFormat::getAttributeAddressAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict,
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::getAttributeAddressAndForwardPointer(const uint8_t *const dict,
         const uint8_t flags, int *pos) {
     int offset = 0;
     const int origin = *pos;
@@ -352,8 +355,8 @@
 
 // This function gets the byte position of the last chargroup of the exact matching word in the
 // dictionary. If no match is found, it returns NOT_VALID_WORD.
-inline int BinaryFormat::getTerminalPosition(const uint8_t *const root,
-        const int32_t *const inWord, const int length, const bool forceLowerCaseSearch) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::getTerminalPosition(const uint8_t *const root,
+        const int *const inWord, const int length, const bool forceLowerCaseSearch) {
     int pos = 0;
     int wordPos = 0;
 
@@ -362,14 +365,14 @@
         // there was no match (or we would have found it).
         if (wordPos >= length) return NOT_VALID_WORD;
         int charGroupCount = BinaryFormat::getGroupCountAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
-        const int32_t wChar = forceLowerCaseSearch ? toLowerCase(inWord[wordPos]) : inWord[wordPos];
+        const int wChar = forceLowerCaseSearch ? toLowerCase(inWord[wordPos]) : inWord[wordPos];
         while (true) {
             // If there are no more character groups in this node, it means we could not
             // find a matching character for this depth, therefore there is no match.
             if (0 >= charGroupCount) return NOT_VALID_WORD;
             const int charGroupPos = pos;
             const uint8_t flags = BinaryFormat::getFlagsAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
-            int32_t character = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
+            int character = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
             if (character == wChar) {
                 // This is the correct node. Only one character group may start with the same
                 // char within a node, so either we found our match in this node, or there is
@@ -438,8 +441,8 @@
  * outUnigramFrequency: a pointer to an int to write the frequency into.
  * Return value : the length of the word, of 0 if the word was not found.
  */
-inline int BinaryFormat::getWordAtAddress(const uint8_t *const root, const int address,
-        const int maxDepth, uint16_t *outWord, int *outUnigramFrequency) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE int BinaryFormat::getWordAtAddress(const uint8_t *const root, const int address,
+        const int maxDepth, int *outWord, int *outUnigramFrequency) {
     int pos = 0;
     int wordPos = 0;
 
@@ -457,13 +460,13 @@
                  --charGroupCount) {
             const int startPos = pos;
             const uint8_t flags = getFlagsAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
-            const int32_t character = getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
+            const int character = getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
             if (address == startPos) {
                 // We found the address. Copy the rest of the word in the buffer and return
                 // the length.
                 outWord[wordPos] = character;
                 if (FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS & flags) {
-                    int32_t nextChar = getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
+                    int nextChar = getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
                     // We count chars in order to avoid infinite loops if the file is broken or
                     // if there is some other bug
                     int charCount = maxDepth;
@@ -522,13 +525,12 @@
                 if (0 != lastCandidateGroupPos) {
                     const uint8_t lastFlags =
                             getFlagsAndForwardPointer(root, &lastCandidateGroupPos);
-                    const int32_t lastChar =
+                    const int lastChar =
                             getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &lastCandidateGroupPos);
                     // We copy all the characters in this group to the buffer
                     outWord[wordPos] = lastChar;
                     if (FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS & lastFlags) {
-                        int32_t nextChar =
-                                getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &lastCandidateGroupPos);
+                        int nextChar = getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &lastCandidateGroupPos);
                         int charCount = maxDepth;
                         while (-1 != nextChar && --charCount > 0) {
                             outWord[++wordPos] = nextChar;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/char_utils.cpp b/native/jni/src/char_utils.cpp
index d0547a9..9d27cad 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/char_utils.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/char_utils.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 
 #include "char_utils.h"
+#include "defines.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
 
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@
 //
 //    unsigned short c, cc, ccc, ccc2;
 //    for (c = 0; c < 0xFFFF ; c++) {
-//        if (c < sizeof(BASE_CHARS) / sizeof(BASE_CHARS[0])) {
+//        if (c < NELEMS(BASE_CHARS)) {
 //            cc = BASE_CHARS[c];
 //        } else {
 //            cc = c;
@@ -894,9 +895,7 @@
 unsigned short latin_tolower(const unsigned short c) {
     struct LatinCapitalSmallPair *p =
             static_cast<struct LatinCapitalSmallPair *>(bsearch(&c, SORTED_CHAR_MAP,
-                    sizeof(SORTED_CHAR_MAP) / sizeof(SORTED_CHAR_MAP[0]),
-                    sizeof(SORTED_CHAR_MAP[0]),
-                    compare_pair_capital));
+                    NELEMS(SORTED_CHAR_MAP), sizeof(SORTED_CHAR_MAP[0]), compare_pair_capital));
     return p ? p->small : c;
 }
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/char_utils.h b/native/jni/src/char_utils.h
index 9008e36..c632b79 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/char_utils.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/char_utils.h
@@ -18,22 +18,23 @@
 #define LATINIME_CHAR_UTILS_H
 
 #include <cctype>
-#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "defines.h"
 
 namespace latinime {
 
-inline static bool isAsciiUpper(unsigned short c) {
+inline static bool isAsciiUpper(int c) {
     // Note: isupper(...) reports false positives for some Cyrillic characters, causing them to
     // be incorrectly lower-cased using toAsciiLower(...) rather than latin_tolower(...).
     return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
 }
 
-inline static unsigned short toAsciiLower(unsigned short c) {
+inline static int toAsciiLower(int c) {
     return c - 'A' + 'a';
 }
 
-inline static bool isAscii(unsigned short c) {
-    return isascii(static_cast<int>(c)) != 0;
+inline static bool isAscii(int c) {
+    return isascii(c) != 0;
 }
 
 unsigned short latin_tolower(const unsigned short c);
@@ -44,33 +45,32 @@
  * if c is not a combined character, or the base character if it
  * is combined.
  */
-
 static const int BASE_CHARS_SIZE = 0x0500;
-extern const uint16_t BASE_CHARS[BASE_CHARS_SIZE];
+extern const unsigned short BASE_CHARS[BASE_CHARS_SIZE];
 
-inline static unsigned short toBaseChar(unsigned short c) {
+inline static int toBaseCodePoint(int c) {
     if (c < BASE_CHARS_SIZE) {
-        return BASE_CHARS[c];
+        return static_cast<int>(BASE_CHARS[c]);
     }
     return c;
 }
 
-inline static unsigned short toLowerCase(const unsigned short c) {
+AK_FORCE_INLINE static int toLowerCase(const int c) {
     if (isAsciiUpper(c)) {
         return toAsciiLower(c);
     } else if (isAscii(c)) {
         return c;
     }
-    return latin_tolower(c);
+    return static_cast<int>(latin_tolower(static_cast<unsigned short>(c)));
 }
 
-inline static unsigned short toBaseLowerCase(const unsigned short c) {
-    return toLowerCase(toBaseChar(c));
+AK_FORCE_INLINE static int toBaseLowerCase(const int c) {
+    return toLowerCase(toBaseCodePoint(c));
 }
 
-inline static bool isSkippableChar(const uint16_t character) {
+inline static bool isSkippableCodePoint(const int codePoint) {
     // TODO: Do not hardcode here
-    return character == '\'' || character == '-';
+    return codePoint == KEYCODE_SINGLE_QUOTE || codePoint == KEYCODE_HYPHEN_MINUS;
 }
 
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/correction.cpp b/native/jni/src/correction.cpp
index 524abe9..50f33fe 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/correction.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/correction.cpp
@@ -60,29 +60,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline static void calcEditDistanceOneStep(int *editDistanceTable, const unsigned short *input,
-        const int inputSize, const unsigned short *output, const int outputLength) {
-    // TODO: Make sure that editDistance[0 ~ MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL] is not touched.
-    // Let dp[i][j] be editDistanceTable[i * (inputSize + 1) + j].
-    // Assuming that dp[0][0] ... dp[outputLength - 1][inputSize] are already calculated,
-    // and calculate dp[ouputLength][0] ... dp[outputLength][inputSize].
-    int *const current = editDistanceTable + outputLength * (inputSize + 1);
-    const int *const prev = editDistanceTable + (outputLength - 1) * (inputSize + 1);
-    const int *const prevprev =
-            outputLength >= 2 ? editDistanceTable + (outputLength - 2) * (inputSize + 1) : 0;
-    current[0] = outputLength;
-    const uint32_t co = toBaseLowerCase(output[outputLength - 1]);
-    const uint32_t prevCO = outputLength >= 2 ? toBaseLowerCase(output[outputLength - 2]) : 0;
-    for (int i = 1; i <= inputSize; ++i) {
-        const uint32_t ci = toBaseLowerCase(input[i - 1]);
-        const uint16_t cost = (ci == co) ? 0 : 1;
-        current[i] = min(current[i - 1] + 1, min(prev[i] + 1, prev[i - 1] + cost));
-        if (i >= 2 && prevprev && ci == prevCO && co == toBaseLowerCase(input[i - 2])) {
-            current[i] = min(current[i], prevprev[i - 2] + 1);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 inline static int getCurrentEditDistance(int *editDistanceTable, const int editDistanceTableWidth,
         const int outputLength, const int inputSize) {
     if (DEBUG_EDIT_DISTANCE) {
@@ -91,16 +68,6 @@
     return editDistanceTable[(editDistanceTableWidth + 1) * (outputLength) + inputSize];
 }
 
-//////////////////////
-// inline functions //
-//////////////////////
-static const char SINGLE_QUOTE = '\'';
-
-inline bool Correction::isSingleQuote(const unsigned short c) {
-    const unsigned short userTypedChar = mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryCharAt(mInputIndex);
-    return (c == SINGLE_QUOTE && userTypedChar != SINGLE_QUOTE);
-}
-
 ////////////////
 // Correction //
 ////////////////
@@ -162,31 +129,20 @@
 }
 
 int Correction::getFreqForSplitMultipleWords(const int *freqArray, const int *wordLengthArray,
-        const int wordCount, const bool isSpaceProximity, const unsigned short *word) {
+        const int wordCount, const bool isSpaceProximity, const int *word) {
     return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcFreqForSplitMultipleWords(freqArray, wordLengthArray,
             wordCount, this, isSpaceProximity, word);
 }
 
-int Correction::getFinalProbability(const int probability, unsigned short **word, int *wordLength) {
+int Correction::getFinalProbability(const int probability, int **word, int *wordLength) {
     return getFinalProbabilityInternal(probability, word, wordLength, mInputSize);
 }
 
-int Correction::getFinalProbabilityForSubQueue(const int probability, unsigned short **word,
-        int *wordLength, const int inputSize) {
+int Correction::getFinalProbabilityForSubQueue(const int probability, int **word, int *wordLength,
+        const int inputSize) {
     return getFinalProbabilityInternal(probability, word, wordLength, inputSize);
 }
 
-int Correction::getFinalProbabilityInternal(const int probability, unsigned short **word,
-        int *wordLength, const int inputSize) {
-    const int outputIndex = mTerminalOutputIndex;
-    const int inputIndex = mTerminalInputIndex;
-    *wordLength = outputIndex + 1;
-    *word = mWord;
-    int finalProbability= Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calculateFinalProbability(
-            inputIndex, outputIndex, probability, mEditDistanceTable, this, inputSize);
-    return finalProbability;
-}
-
 bool Correction::initProcessState(const int outputIndex) {
     if (mCorrectionStates[outputIndex].mChildCount <= 0) {
         return false;
@@ -230,42 +186,6 @@
     return mInputIndex;
 }
 
-void Correction::incrementInputIndex() {
-    ++mInputIndex;
-}
-
-void Correction::incrementOutputIndex() {
-    ++mOutputIndex;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mParentIndex = mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex - 1].mParentIndex;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mChildCount = mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex - 1].mChildCount;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSiblingPos = mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex - 1].mSiblingPos;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mInputIndex = mInputIndex;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes = mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes;
-
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mEquivalentCharCount = mEquivalentCharCount;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mProximityCount = mProximityCount;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mTransposedCount = mTransposedCount;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mExcessiveCount = mExcessiveCount;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSkippedCount = mSkippedCount;
-
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSkipPos = mSkipPos;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mTransposedPos = mTransposedPos;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mExcessivePos = mExcessivePos;
-
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mLastCharExceeded = mLastCharExceeded;
-
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mMatching = mMatching;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mProximityMatching = mProximityMatching;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mAdditionalProximityMatching = mAdditionalProximityMatching;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mTransposing = mTransposing;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mExceeding = mExceeding;
-    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSkipping = mSkipping;
-}
-
-void Correction::startToTraverseAllNodes() {
-    mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes = true;
-}
-
 bool Correction::needsToPrune() const {
     // TODO: use edit distance here
     return mOutputIndex - 1 >= mMaxDepth || mProximityCount > mMaxEditDistance
@@ -273,44 +193,15 @@
             || (!mDoAutoCompletion && (mOutputIndex > mInputSize));
 }
 
-void Correction::addCharToCurrentWord(const int32_t c) {
-    mWord[mOutputIndex] = c;
-    const unsigned short *primaryInputWord = mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryInputWord();
-    calcEditDistanceOneStep(mEditDistanceTable, primaryInputWord, mInputSize,
-            mWord, mOutputIndex + 1);
-}
-
-Correction::CorrectionType Correction::processSkipChar(
-        const int32_t c, const bool isTerminal, const bool inputIndexIncremented) {
-    addCharToCurrentWord(c);
-    mTerminalInputIndex = mInputIndex - (inputIndexIncremented ? 1 : 0);
-    mTerminalOutputIndex = mOutputIndex;
-    if (mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes && isTerminal) {
-        incrementOutputIndex();
-        return TRAVERSE_ALL_ON_TERMINAL;
-    } else {
-        incrementOutputIndex();
-        return TRAVERSE_ALL_NOT_ON_TERMINAL;
-    }
-}
-
-Correction::CorrectionType Correction::processUnrelatedCorrectionType() {
-    // Needs to set mTerminalInputIndex and mTerminalOutputIndex before returning any CorrectionType
-    mTerminalInputIndex = mInputIndex;
-    mTerminalOutputIndex = mOutputIndex;
-    return UNRELATED;
-}
-
-inline bool isEquivalentChar(ProximityType type) {
+inline static bool isEquivalentChar(ProximityType type) {
     return type == EQUIVALENT_CHAR;
 }
 
-inline bool isProximityCharOrEquivalentChar(ProximityType type) {
+inline static bool isProximityCharOrEquivalentChar(ProximityType type) {
     return type == EQUIVALENT_CHAR || type == NEAR_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
 }
 
-Correction::CorrectionType Correction::processCharAndCalcState(
-        const int32_t c, const bool isTerminal) {
+Correction::CorrectionType Correction::processCharAndCalcState(const int c, const bool isTerminal) {
     const int correctionCount = (mSkippedCount + mExcessiveCount + mTransposedCount);
     if (correctionCount > mMaxErrors) {
         return processUnrelatedCorrectionType();
@@ -628,10 +519,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline static int getQuoteCount(const unsigned short *word, const int length) {
+inline static int getQuoteCount(const int *word, const int length) {
     int quoteCount = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-        if (word[i] == SINGLE_QUOTE) {
+        if (word[i] == KEYCODE_SINGLE_QUOTE) {
             ++quoteCount;
         }
     }
@@ -639,7 +530,7 @@
 }
 
 inline static bool isUpperCase(unsigned short c) {
-    return isAsciiUpper(toBaseChar(c));
+    return isAsciiUpper(toBaseCodePoint(c));
 }
 
 //////////////////////
@@ -672,7 +563,7 @@
     // TODO: use mExcessiveCount
     const int matchCount = inputSize - correction->mProximityCount - excessiveCount;
 
-    const unsigned short *word = correction->mWord;
+    const int *word = correction->mWord;
     const bool skipped = skippedCount > 0;
 
     const int quoteDiffCount = max(0, getQuoteCount(word, outputLength)
@@ -911,7 +802,7 @@
 /* static */
 int Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcFreqForSplitMultipleWords(
         const int *freqArray, const int *wordLengthArray, const int wordCount,
-        const Correction *correction, const bool isSpaceProximity, const unsigned short *word) {
+        const Correction *correction, const bool isSpaceProximity, const int *word) {
     const int typedLetterMultiplier = correction->TYPED_LETTER_MULTIPLIER;
 
     bool firstCapitalizedWordDemotion = false;
@@ -1040,9 +931,8 @@
 }
 
 /* Damerau-Levenshtein distance */
-inline static int editDistanceInternal(
-        int *editDistanceTable, const unsigned short *before,
-        const int beforeLength, const unsigned short *after, const int afterLength) {
+inline static int editDistanceInternal(int *editDistanceTable, const int *before,
+        const int beforeLength, const int *after, const int afterLength) {
     // dp[li][lo] dp[a][b] = dp[ a * lo + b]
     int *dp = editDistanceTable;
     const int li = beforeLength + 1;
@@ -1056,9 +946,9 @@
 
     for (int i = 0; i < li - 1; ++i) {
         for (int j = 0; j < lo - 1; ++j) {
-            const uint32_t ci = toBaseLowerCase(before[i]);
-            const uint32_t co = toBaseLowerCase(after[j]);
-            const uint16_t cost = (ci == co) ? 0 : 1;
+            const int ci = toBaseLowerCase(before[i]);
+            const int co = toBaseLowerCase(after[j]);
+            const int cost = (ci == co) ? 0 : 1;
             dp[(i + 1) * lo + (j + 1)] = min(dp[i * lo + (j + 1)] + 1,
                     min(dp[(i + 1) * lo + j] + 1, dp[i * lo + j] + cost));
             if (i > 0 && j > 0 && ci == toBaseLowerCase(after[j - 1])
@@ -1080,8 +970,8 @@
     return dp[li * lo - 1];
 }
 
-int Correction::RankingAlgorithm::editDistance(const unsigned short *before,
-        const int beforeLength, const unsigned short *after, const int afterLength) {
+int Correction::RankingAlgorithm::editDistance(const int *before, const int beforeLength,
+        const int *after, const int afterLength) {
     int table[(beforeLength + 1) * (afterLength + 1)];
     return editDistanceInternal(table, before, beforeLength, after, afterLength);
 }
@@ -1109,16 +999,15 @@
 // So, we can normalize original score by dividing powf(2, min(b.l(),a.l())) * 255 * 2.
 
 /* static */
-float Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(const unsigned short *before,
-        const int beforeLength, const unsigned short *after, const int afterLength,
-        const int score) {
+float Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(const int *before, const int beforeLength,
+        const int *after, const int afterLength, const int score) {
     if (0 == beforeLength || 0 == afterLength) {
         return 0;
     }
     const int distance = editDistance(before, beforeLength, after, afterLength);
     int spaceCount = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < afterLength; ++i) {
-        if (after[i] == CODE_SPACE) {
+        if (after[i] == KEYCODE_SPACE) {
             ++spaceCount;
         }
     }
diff --git a/native/jni/src/correction.h b/native/jni/src/correction.h
index f016d54..912cd83 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/correction.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/correction.h
@@ -56,7 +56,8 @@
         // No need to initialize it explicitly here.
     }
 
-    virtual ~Correction() {}
+    // Non virtual inline destructor -- never inherit this class
+    ~Correction() {}
     void resetCorrection();
     void initCorrection(
             const ProximityInfo *pi, const int inputSize, const int maxWordLength);
@@ -78,14 +79,13 @@
         return ++mTotalTraverseCount;
     }
 
-    int getFreqForSplitMultipleWords(
-            const int *freqArray, const int *wordLengthArray, const int wordCount,
-            const bool isSpaceProximity, const unsigned short *word);
-    int getFinalProbability(const int probability, unsigned short **word, int *wordLength);
-    int getFinalProbabilityForSubQueue(const int probability, unsigned short **word,
-            int *wordLength, const int inputSize);
+    int getFreqForSplitMultipleWords(const int *freqArray, const int *wordLengthArray,
+            const int wordCount, const bool isSpaceProximity, const int *word);
+    int getFinalProbability(const int probability, int **word, int *wordLength);
+    int getFinalProbabilityForSubQueue(const int probability, int **word, int *wordLength,
+            const int inputSize);
 
-    CorrectionType processCharAndCalcState(const int32_t c, const bool isTerminal);
+    CorrectionType processCharAndCalcState(const int c, const bool isTerminal);
 
     /////////////////////////
     // Tree helper methods
@@ -110,29 +110,28 @@
                 const int inputSize);
         static int calcFreqForSplitMultipleWords(const int *freqArray, const int *wordLengthArray,
                 const int wordCount, const Correction *correction, const bool isSpaceProximity,
-                const unsigned short *word);
-        static float calcNormalizedScore(const unsigned short *before, const int beforeLength,
-                const unsigned short *after, const int afterLength, const int score);
-        static int editDistance(const unsigned short *before,
-                const int beforeLength, const unsigned short *after, const int afterLength);
+                const int *word);
+        static float calcNormalizedScore(const int *before, const int beforeLength,
+                const int *after, const int afterLength, const int score);
+        static int editDistance(const int *before, const int beforeLength, const int *after,
+                const int afterLength);
      private:
-        static const int CODE_SPACE = ' ';
         static const int MAX_INITIAL_SCORE = 255;
     };
 
     // proximity info state
-    void initInputParams(const ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int32_t *inputCodes,
+    void initInputParams(const ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *inputCodes,
             const int inputSize, const int *xCoordinates, const int *yCoordinates) {
         mProximityInfoState.initInputParams(0, MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH,
                 proximityInfo, inputCodes, inputSize, xCoordinates, yCoordinates, 0, 0, false);
     }
 
-    const unsigned short *getPrimaryInputWord() const {
+    const int *getPrimaryInputWord() const {
         return mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryInputWord();
     }
 
-    unsigned short getPrimaryCharAt(const int index) const {
-        return mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryCharAt(index);
+    int getPrimaryCodePointAt(const int index) const {
+        return mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryCodePointAt(index);
     }
 
  private:
@@ -147,7 +146,7 @@
     }
 
     static const int TWO_31ST_DIV_2 = S_INT_MAX / 2;
-    inline static void multiplyIntCapped(const int multiplier, int *base) {
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE static void multiplyIntCapped(const int multiplier, int *base) {
         const int temp = *base;
         if (temp != S_INT_MAX) {
             // Branch if multiplier == 2 for the optimization
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    inline static int powerIntCapped(const int base, const int n) {
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE static int powerIntCapped(const int base, const int n) {
         if (n <= 0) return 1;
         if (base == 2) {
             return n < 31 ? 1 << n : S_INT_MAX;
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    inline static void multiplyRate(const int rate, int *freq) {
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE static void multiplyRate(const int rate, int *freq) {
         if (*freq != S_INT_MAX) {
             if (*freq > 1000000) {
                 *freq /= 100;
@@ -215,13 +214,13 @@
     inline void incrementInputIndex();
     inline void incrementOutputIndex();
     inline void startToTraverseAllNodes();
-    inline bool isSingleQuote(const unsigned short c);
-    inline CorrectionType processSkipChar(
-            const int32_t c, const bool isTerminal, const bool inputIndexIncremented);
+    inline bool isSingleQuote(const int c);
+    inline CorrectionType processSkipChar(const int c, const bool isTerminal,
+            const bool inputIndexIncremented);
     inline CorrectionType processUnrelatedCorrectionType();
-    inline void addCharToCurrentWord(const int32_t c);
-    inline int getFinalProbabilityInternal(const int probability, unsigned short **word,
-            int *wordLength, const int inputSize);
+    inline void addCharToCurrentWord(const int c);
+    inline int getFinalProbabilityInternal(const int probability, int **word, int *wordLength,
+            const int inputSize);
 
     static const int TYPED_LETTER_MULTIPLIER = 2;
     static const int FULL_WORD_MULTIPLIER = 2;
@@ -241,7 +240,7 @@
     uint8_t mTotalTraverseCount;
 
     // The following arrays are state buffer.
-    unsigned short mWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+    int mWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
     int mDistances[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
 
     // Edit distance calculation requires a buffer with (N+1)^2 length for the input length N.
@@ -275,5 +274,109 @@
     bool mSkipping;
     ProximityInfoState mProximityInfoState;
 };
+
+inline void Correction::incrementInputIndex() {
+    ++mInputIndex;
+}
+
+AK_FORCE_INLINE void Correction::incrementOutputIndex() {
+    ++mOutputIndex;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mParentIndex = mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex - 1].mParentIndex;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mChildCount = mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex - 1].mChildCount;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSiblingPos = mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex - 1].mSiblingPos;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mInputIndex = mInputIndex;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes = mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes;
+
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mEquivalentCharCount = mEquivalentCharCount;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mProximityCount = mProximityCount;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mTransposedCount = mTransposedCount;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mExcessiveCount = mExcessiveCount;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSkippedCount = mSkippedCount;
+
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSkipPos = mSkipPos;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mTransposedPos = mTransposedPos;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mExcessivePos = mExcessivePos;
+
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mLastCharExceeded = mLastCharExceeded;
+
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mMatching = mMatching;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mProximityMatching = mProximityMatching;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mAdditionalProximityMatching = mAdditionalProximityMatching;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mTransposing = mTransposing;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mExceeding = mExceeding;
+    mCorrectionStates[mOutputIndex].mSkipping = mSkipping;
+}
+
+inline void Correction::startToTraverseAllNodes() {
+    mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes = true;
+}
+
+inline bool Correction::isSingleQuote(const int c) {
+    const int userTypedChar = mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryCodePointAt(mInputIndex);
+    return (c == KEYCODE_SINGLE_QUOTE && userTypedChar != KEYCODE_SINGLE_QUOTE);
+}
+
+AK_FORCE_INLINE Correction::CorrectionType Correction::processSkipChar(const int c,
+        const bool isTerminal, const bool inputIndexIncremented) {
+    addCharToCurrentWord(c);
+    mTerminalInputIndex = mInputIndex - (inputIndexIncremented ? 1 : 0);
+    mTerminalOutputIndex = mOutputIndex;
+    if (mNeedsToTraverseAllNodes && isTerminal) {
+        incrementOutputIndex();
+        return TRAVERSE_ALL_ON_TERMINAL;
+    } else {
+        incrementOutputIndex();
+        return TRAVERSE_ALL_NOT_ON_TERMINAL;
+    }
+}
+
+inline Correction::CorrectionType Correction::processUnrelatedCorrectionType() {
+    // Needs to set mTerminalInputIndex and mTerminalOutputIndex before returning any CorrectionType
+    mTerminalInputIndex = mInputIndex;
+    mTerminalOutputIndex = mOutputIndex;
+    return UNRELATED;
+}
+
+AK_FORCE_INLINE static void calcEditDistanceOneStep(int *editDistanceTable, const int *input,
+        const int inputSize, const int *output, const int outputLength) {
+    // TODO: Make sure that editDistance[0 ~ MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL] is not touched.
+    // Let dp[i][j] be editDistanceTable[i * (inputSize + 1) + j].
+    // Assuming that dp[0][0] ... dp[outputLength - 1][inputSize] are already calculated,
+    // and calculate dp[ouputLength][0] ... dp[outputLength][inputSize].
+    int *const current = editDistanceTable + outputLength * (inputSize + 1);
+    const int *const prev = editDistanceTable + (outputLength - 1) * (inputSize + 1);
+    const int *const prevprev =
+            outputLength >= 2 ? editDistanceTable + (outputLength - 2) * (inputSize + 1) : 0;
+    current[0] = outputLength;
+    const int co = toBaseLowerCase(output[outputLength - 1]);
+    const int prevCO = outputLength >= 2 ? toBaseLowerCase(output[outputLength - 2]) : 0;
+    for (int i = 1; i <= inputSize; ++i) {
+        const int ci = toBaseLowerCase(input[i - 1]);
+        const uint16_t cost = (ci == co) ? 0 : 1;
+        current[i] = min(current[i - 1] + 1, min(prev[i] + 1, prev[i - 1] + cost));
+        if (i >= 2 && prevprev && ci == prevCO && co == toBaseLowerCase(input[i - 2])) {
+            current[i] = min(current[i], prevprev[i - 2] + 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+AK_FORCE_INLINE void Correction::addCharToCurrentWord(const int c) {
+    mWord[mOutputIndex] = c;
+    const int *primaryInputWord = mProximityInfoState.getPrimaryInputWord();
+    calcEditDistanceOneStep(mEditDistanceTable, primaryInputWord, mInputSize, mWord,
+            mOutputIndex + 1);
+}
+
+inline int Correction::getFinalProbabilityInternal(const int probability, int **word,
+        int *wordLength, const int inputSize) {
+    const int outputIndex = mTerminalOutputIndex;
+    const int inputIndex = mTerminalInputIndex;
+    *wordLength = outputIndex + 1;
+    *word = mWord;
+    int finalProbability= Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calculateFinalProbability(
+            inputIndex, outputIndex, probability, mEditDistanceTable, this, inputSize);
+    return finalProbability;
+}
+
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif // LATINIME_CORRECTION_H
diff --git a/native/jni/src/defines.h b/native/jni/src/defines.h
index ea0f0ef..40bc958 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/defines.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/defines.h
@@ -30,17 +30,15 @@
 #define DUMP_RESULT(words, frequencies, maxWordCount, maxWordLength) do { \
         dumpResult(words, frequencies, maxWordCount, maxWordLength); } while (0)
 #define DUMP_WORD(word, length) do { dumpWord(word, length); } while (0)
-#define DUMP_WORD_INT(word, length) do { dumpWordInt(word, length); } while (0)
-// TODO: INTS_TO_CHARS
-#define SHORTS_TO_CHARS(input, length, output) do { \
-        shortArrayToCharArray(input, length, output); } while (0)
+#define INTS_TO_CHARS(input, length, output) do { \
+        intArrayToCharArray(input, length, output); } while (0)
 
-static inline void dumpWordInfo(const unsigned short *word, const int length,
-        const int rank, const int frequency) {
+static inline void dumpWordInfo(const int *word, const int length, const int rank,
+        const int frequency) {
     static char charBuf[50];
     int i = 0;
     for (; i < length; ++i) {
-        const unsigned short c = word[i];
+        const int c = word[i];
         if (c == 0) {
             break;
         }
@@ -53,8 +51,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static inline void dumpResult(
-        const unsigned short *outWords, const int *frequencies, const int maxWordCounts,
+static inline void dumpResult(const int *outWords, const int *frequencies, const int maxWordCounts,
         const int maxWordLength) {
     AKLOGI("--- DUMP RESULT ---------");
     for (int i = 0; i < maxWordCounts; ++i) {
@@ -63,11 +60,11 @@
     AKLOGI("-------------------------");
 }
 
-static inline void dumpWord(const unsigned short *word, const int length) {
+static inline void dumpWord(const int *word, const int length) {
     static char charBuf[50];
     int i = 0;
     for (; i < length; ++i) {
-        const unsigned short c = word[i];
+        const int c = word[i];
         if (c == 0) {
             break;
         }
@@ -80,22 +77,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-static inline void dumpWordInt(const int *word, const int length) {
-    static char charBuf[50];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
-        charBuf[i] = word[i];
-    }
-    charBuf[length] = 0;
-    AKLOGI("i[ %s ]", charBuf);
-}
-
-// TODO: Change this to intArrayToCharArray
-static inline void shortArrayToCharArray(
-        const unsigned short *input, const int length, char *output) {
+static inline void intArrayToCharArray(const int *input, const int length, char *output) {
     int i = 0;
-    for (;i < length; ++i) {
-        const unsigned short c = input[i];
+    for (; i < length; ++i) {
+        const int c = input[i];
         if (c == 0) {
             break;
         }
@@ -137,11 +122,9 @@
 #define AKLOGI(fmt, ...)
 #define DUMP_RESULT(words, frequencies, maxWordCount, maxWordLength)
 #define DUMP_WORD(word, length)
-#define DUMP_WORD_INT(word, length)
 #define ASSERT(success)
 #define SHOW_STACK_TRACE
-// TODO: INTS_TO_CHARS
-#define SHORTS_TO_CHARS(input, length, output)
+#define INTS_TO_CHARS(input, length, output)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef FLAG_DO_PROFILE
@@ -219,6 +202,8 @@
 #define DEBUG_CORRECTION false
 #define DEBUG_CORRECTION_FREQ false
 #define DEBUG_WORDS_PRIORITY_QUEUE false
+#define DEBUG_SAMPLING_POINTS true
+#define DEBUG_POINTS_PROBABILITY true
 
 #ifdef FLAG_FULL_DBG
 #define DEBUG_GEO_FULL true
@@ -239,6 +224,8 @@
 #define DEBUG_CORRECTION false
 #define DEBUG_CORRECTION_FREQ false
 #define DEBUG_WORDS_PRIORITY_QUEUE false
+#define DEBUG_SAMPLING_POINTS false
+#define DEBUG_POINTS_PROBABILITY false
 
 #define DEBUG_GEO_FULL false
 
@@ -282,6 +269,8 @@
 #define NOT_A_PROBABILITY (-1)
 
 #define KEYCODE_SPACE ' '
+#define KEYCODE_SINGLE_QUOTE '\''
+#define KEYCODE_HYPHEN_MINUS '-'
 
 #define CALIBRATE_SCORE_BY_TOUCH_COORDINATES true
 
@@ -344,8 +333,8 @@
 #define MULTIPLE_WORDS_DEMOTION_RATE 80
 #define MIN_INPUT_LENGTH_FOR_THREE_OR_MORE_WORDS_CORRECTION 6
 
-#define TWO_WORDS_CORRECTION_WITH_OTHER_ERROR_THRESHOLD 0.35
-#define START_TWO_WORDS_CORRECTION_THRESHOLD 0.185
+#define TWO_WORDS_CORRECTION_WITH_OTHER_ERROR_THRESHOLD 0.35f
+#define START_TWO_WORDS_CORRECTION_THRESHOLD 0.185f
 /* heuristic... This should be changed if we change the unit of the frequency. */
 #define SUPPRESS_SHORT_MULTIPLE_WORDS_THRESHOLD_FREQ (MAX_FREQ * 58 / 100)
 
@@ -392,6 +381,14 @@
 template<typename T> inline T min(T a, T b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
 template<typename T> inline T max(T a, T b) { return a > b ? a : b; }
 
+#define NELEMS(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define AK_FORCE_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline)) __inline__
+#else // __GNUC__
+#define AK_FORCE_INLINE inline
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
 // The ratio of neutral area radius to sweet spot radius.
 #define NEUTRAL_AREA_RADIUS_RATIO 1.3f
 
diff --git a/native/jni/src/dic_traverse_wrapper.h b/native/jni/src/dic_traverse_wrapper.h
index 2923824..3fe3d5b 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/dic_traverse_wrapper.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/dic_traverse_wrapper.h
@@ -62,6 +62,5 @@
             void *, const Dictionary *const, const int *, const int);
     static void (*sDicTraverseSessionReleaseMethod)(void *);
 };
-int register_DicTraverseSession(JNIEnv *env);
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif // LATINIME_DIC_TRAVERSE_WRAPPER_H
diff --git a/native/jni/src/dictionary.cpp b/native/jni/src/dictionary.cpp
index 2fbe83e..5fbe046 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/dictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/dictionary.cpp
@@ -30,13 +30,12 @@
 
 // TODO: Change the type of all keyCodes to uint32_t
 Dictionary::Dictionary(void *dict, int dictSize, int mmapFd, int dictBufAdjust,
-        int typedLetterMultiplier, int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords,
-        int maxPredictions)
+        int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords, int maxPredictions)
         : mDict(static_cast<unsigned char *>(dict)),
           mOffsetDict((static_cast<unsigned char *>(dict)) + BinaryFormat::getHeaderSize(mDict)),
           mDictSize(dictSize), mMmapFd(mmapFd), mDictBufAdjust(dictBufAdjust),
-          mUnigramDictionary(new UnigramDictionary(mOffsetDict, typedLetterMultiplier,
-                  fullWordMultiplier, maxWordLength, maxWords, BinaryFormat::getFlags(mDict))),
+          mUnigramDictionary(new UnigramDictionary(mOffsetDict, fullWordMultiplier, maxWordLength,
+                  maxWords, BinaryFormat::getFlags(mDict))),
           mBigramDictionary(new BigramDictionary(mOffsetDict, maxWordLength, maxPredictions)),
           mGestureDecoder(new GestureDecoderWrapper(maxWordLength, maxWords)) {
     if (DEBUG_DICT) {
@@ -55,11 +54,10 @@
 }
 
 int Dictionary::getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, void *traverseSession,
-        int *xcoordinates, int *ycoordinates, int *times, int *pointerIds,
-        int *codes, int codesSize, int *prevWordChars,
-        int prevWordLength, int commitPoint, bool isGesture,
-        bool useFullEditDistance, unsigned short *outWords,
-        int *frequencies, int *spaceIndices, int *outputTypes) const {
+        int *xcoordinates, int *ycoordinates, int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes,
+        int codesSize, int *prevWordChars, int prevWordLength, int commitPoint, bool isGesture,
+        bool useFullEditDistance, int *outWords, int *frequencies, int *spaceIndices,
+        int *outputTypes) const {
     int result = 0;
     if (isGesture) {
         DicTraverseWrapper::initDicTraverseSession(
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@
 }
 
 int Dictionary::getBigrams(const int32_t *word, int length, int *codes, int codesSize,
-        unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const {
+        int *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const {
     if (length <= 0) return 0;
     return mBigramDictionary->getBigrams(word, length, codes, codesSize, outWords, frequencies,
             outputTypes);
diff --git a/native/jni/src/dictionary.h b/native/jni/src/dictionary.h
index a135889..2ca00ab 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/dictionary.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/dictionary.h
@@ -41,17 +41,17 @@
     const static int KIND_SHORTCUT = 7; // A shortcut
     const static int KIND_PREDICTION = 8; // A prediction (== a suggestion with no input)
 
-    Dictionary(void *dict, int dictSize, int mmapFd, int dictBufAdjust, int typedLetterMultipler,
-            int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords, int maxPredictions);
+    Dictionary(void *dict, int dictSize, int mmapFd, int dictBufAdjust, int fullWordMultiplier,
+            int maxWordLength, int maxWords, int maxPredictions);
 
     int getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, void *traverseSession, int *xcoordinates,
             int *ycoordinates, int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes, int codesSize,
             int *prevWordChars, int prevWordLength, int commitPoint, bool isGesture,
-            bool useFullEditDistance, unsigned short *outWords,
-            int *frequencies, int *spaceIndices, int *outputTypes) const;
+            bool useFullEditDistance, int *outWords, int *frequencies, int *spaceIndices,
+            int *outputTypes) const;
 
-    int getBigrams(const int32_t *word, int length, int *codes, int codesSize,
-            unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const;
+    int getBigrams(const int32_t *word, int length, int *codes, int codesSize, int *outWords,
+            int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const;
 
     int getFrequency(const int32_t *word, int length) const;
     bool isValidBigram(const int32_t *word1, int length1, const int32_t *word2, int length2) const;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 
     // public static utility methods
     // static inline methods should be defined in the header file
-    static int wideStrLen(unsigned short *str);
+    static int wideStrLen(int *str);
 
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(Dictionary);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
 // public static utility methods
 // static inline methods should be defined in the header file
-inline int Dictionary::wideStrLen(unsigned short *str) {
+inline int Dictionary::wideStrLen(int *str) {
     if (!str) return 0;
     int length = 0;
     while (*str) {
diff --git a/native/jni/src/geometry_utils.h b/native/jni/src/geometry_utils.h
index 31359e1..38b91cc 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/geometry_utils.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/geometry_utils.h
@@ -19,38 +19,46 @@
 
 #include <cmath>
 
+#include "defines.h"
+
 #define DEBUG_DECODER false
 
 #define M_PI_F 3.14159265f
 #define ROUND_FLOAT_10000(f) ((f) < 1000.0f && (f) > 0.001f) \
         ? (floorf((f) * 10000.0f) / 10000.0f) : (f)
-#define SQUARE_FLOAT(x) ((x) * (x))
 
 namespace latinime {
 
-static inline float getSquaredDistanceFloat(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2) {
-    const float deltaX = x1 - x2;
-    const float deltaY = y1 - y2;
-    return SQUARE_FLOAT(deltaX) + SQUARE_FLOAT(deltaY);
+static inline float SQUARE_FLOAT(const float x) { return x * x; }
+
+static inline float getSquaredDistanceFloat(const float x1, const float y1, const float x2,
+        const float y2) {
+    return SQUARE_FLOAT(x1 - x2) + SQUARE_FLOAT(y1 - y2);
 }
 
-static inline float getDistanceFloat(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2) {
+static inline float getNormalizedSquaredDistanceFloat(const float x1, const float y1,
+        const float x2, const float y2, const float scale) {
+    return getSquaredDistanceFloat(x1, y1, x2, y2) / SQUARE_FLOAT(scale);
+}
+
+static inline float getDistanceFloat(const float x1, const float y1, const float x2,
+        const float y2) {
     return hypotf(x1 - x2, y1 - y2);
 }
 
-static inline int getDistanceInt(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
+static AK_FORCE_INLINE int getDistanceInt(const int x1, const int y1, const int x2, const int y2) {
     return static_cast<int>(getDistanceFloat(static_cast<float>(x1), static_cast<float>(y1),
             static_cast<float>(x2), static_cast<float>(y2)));
 }
 
-static inline float getAngle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
+static AK_FORCE_INLINE float getAngle(const int x1, const int y1, const int x2, const int y2) {
     const int dx = x1 - x2;
     const int dy = y1 - y2;
     if (dx == 0 && dy == 0) return 0;
     return atan2f(static_cast<float>(dy), static_cast<float>(dx));
 }
 
-static inline float getAngleDiff(float a1, float a2) {
+static AK_FORCE_INLINE float getAngleDiff(const float a1, const float a2) {
     const float deltaA = fabsf(a1 - a2);
     const float diff = ROUND_FLOAT_10000(deltaA);
     if (diff > M_PI_F) {
@@ -60,8 +68,8 @@
     return diff;
 }
 
-static inline float pointToLineSegSquaredDistanceFloat(
-        float x, float y, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, bool extend) {
+static inline float pointToLineSegSquaredDistanceFloat(const float x, const float y, const float x1,
+        const float y1, const float x2, const float y2, const bool extend) {
     const float ray1x = x - x1;
     const float ray1y = y - y1;
     const float ray2x = x2 - x1;
@@ -85,5 +93,25 @@
     }
     return getSquaredDistanceFloat(x, y, projectionX, projectionY);
 }
+
+// Normal distribution N(u, sigma^2).
+struct NormalDistribution {
+    NormalDistribution(const float u, const float sigma)
+            : mU(u), mSigma(sigma),
+              mPreComputedNonExpPart(1.0f / sqrtf(2.0f * M_PI_F * SQUARE_FLOAT(sigma))),
+              mPreComputedExponentPart(-1.0f / (2.0f * SQUARE_FLOAT(sigma))) {}
+
+    float getProbabilityDensity(const float x) const {
+        const float shiftedX = x - mU;
+        return mPreComputedNonExpPart * expf(mPreComputedExponentPart * SQUARE_FLOAT(shiftedX));
+    }
+
+private:
+    DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(NormalDistribution);
+    float mU; // mean value
+    float mSigma; // standard deviation
+    float mPreComputedNonExpPart; // = 1 / sqrt(2 * PI * sigma^2)
+    float mPreComputedExponentPart; // = -1 / (2 * sigma^2)
+}; // struct NormalDistribution
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif // LATINIME_GEOMETRY_UTILS_H
diff --git a/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.cpp b/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.cpp
index afbe0c5..20ad4a5 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.cpp
@@ -19,4 +19,8 @@
 namespace latinime {
     IncrementalDecoderInterface *
             (*GestureDecoderWrapper::sGestureDecoderFactoryMethod)(int, int) = 0;
+
+    GestureDecoderWrapper::~GestureDecoderWrapper() {
+        delete mIncrementalDecoderInterface;
+    }
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.h b/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.h
index 92e1ded..5b056b6 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/gesture/gesture_decoder_wrapper.h
@@ -33,20 +33,17 @@
             : mIncrementalDecoderInterface(getGestureDecoderInstance(maxWordLength, maxWords)) {
     }
 
-    virtual ~GestureDecoderWrapper() {
-        delete mIncrementalDecoderInterface;
-    }
+    virtual ~GestureDecoderWrapper();
 
     int getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *pInfo, void *traverseSession, int *inputXs, int *inputYs,
-            int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes, int inputSize, int commitPoint,
-            unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputIndices,
-            int *outputTypes) const {
+            int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes, int inputSize, int commitPoint, int *outWords,
+            int *frequencies, int *outputIndices, int *outputTypes) const {
         if (!mIncrementalDecoderInterface) {
             return 0;
         }
-        return mIncrementalDecoderInterface->getSuggestions(
-                pInfo, traverseSession, inputXs, inputYs, times, pointerIds, codes,
-                inputSize, commitPoint, outWords, frequencies, outputIndices, outputTypes);
+        return mIncrementalDecoderInterface->getSuggestions(pInfo, traverseSession, inputXs,
+                inputYs, times, pointerIds, codes, inputSize, commitPoint, outWords, frequencies,
+                outputIndices, outputTypes);
     }
 
     static void setGestureDecoderFactoryMethod(
diff --git a/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_interface.h b/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_interface.h
index d1395aa..e41513d 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_interface.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_interface.h
@@ -28,10 +28,9 @@
 
 class IncrementalDecoderInterface {
  public:
-    virtual int getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *pInfo, void *traverseSession,
-            int *inputXs, int *inputYs, int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes,
-            int inputSize, int commitPoint, unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies,
-            int *outputIndices, int *outputTypes) const = 0;
+    virtual int getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *pInfo, void *traverseSession, int *inputXs,
+            int *inputYs, int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes, int inputSize, int commitPoint,
+            int *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputIndices, int *outputTypes) const = 0;
     IncrementalDecoderInterface() { };
     virtual ~IncrementalDecoderInterface() { };
  private:
diff --git a/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.cpp b/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.cpp
index 8fcda6c..f6e4562 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.cpp
@@ -19,4 +19,8 @@
 namespace latinime {
     IncrementalDecoderInterface *
             (*IncrementalDecoderWrapper::sIncrementalDecoderFactoryMethod)(int, int) = 0;
+
+    IncrementalDecoderWrapper::~IncrementalDecoderWrapper() {
+        delete mIncrementalDecoderInterface;
+    }
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.h b/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.h
index da7afdb..7d16560 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/gesture/incremental_decoder_wrapper.h
@@ -33,20 +33,17 @@
             : mIncrementalDecoderInterface(getIncrementalDecoderInstance(maxWordLength, maxWords)) {
     }
 
-    virtual ~IncrementalDecoderWrapper() {
-        delete mIncrementalDecoderInterface;
-    }
+    virtual ~IncrementalDecoderWrapper();
 
     int getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *pInfo, void *traverseSession, int *inputXs, int *inputYs,
-            int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes, int inputSize, int commitPoint,
-            unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputIndices,
-            int *outputTypes) const {
+            int *times, int *pointerIds, int *codes, int inputSize, int commitPoint, int *outWords,
+            int *frequencies, int *outputIndices, int *outputTypes) const {
         if (!mIncrementalDecoderInterface) {
             return 0;
         }
-        return mIncrementalDecoderInterface->getSuggestions(
-                pInfo, traverseSession, inputXs, inputYs, times, pointerIds, codes,
-                inputSize, commitPoint, outWords, frequencies, outputIndices, outputTypes);
+        return mIncrementalDecoderInterface->getSuggestions(pInfo, traverseSession, inputXs,
+                inputYs, times, pointerIds, codes, inputSize, commitPoint, outWords, frequencies,
+                outputIndices, outputTypes);
     }
 
     static void setIncrementalDecoderFactoryMethod(
diff --git a/native/jni/src/proximity_info.cpp b/native/jni/src/proximity_info.cpp
index fde93b5..84db7c1 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/proximity_info.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/proximity_info.cpp
@@ -31,21 +31,21 @@
 
 /* static */ const float ProximityInfo::NOT_A_DISTANCE_FLOAT = -1.0f;
 
-static inline void safeGetOrFillZeroIntArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, jintArray jArray, jsize len,
-        jint *buffer) {
+static AK_FORCE_INLINE void safeGetOrFillZeroIntArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, jintArray jArray,
+        jsize len, jint *buffer) {
     if (jArray && buffer) {
         env->GetIntArrayRegion(jArray, 0, len, buffer);
     } else if (buffer) {
-        memset(buffer, 0, len * sizeof(jint));
+        memset(buffer, 0, len * sizeof(buffer[0]));
     }
 }
 
-static inline void safeGetOrFillZeroFloatArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, jfloatArray jArray, jsize len,
-        jfloat *buffer) {
+static AK_FORCE_INLINE void safeGetOrFillZeroFloatArrayRegion(JNIEnv *env, jfloatArray jArray,
+        jsize len, jfloat *buffer) {
     if (jArray && buffer) {
         env->GetFloatArrayRegion(jArray, 0, len, buffer);
     } else if (buffer) {
-        memset(buffer, 0, len * sizeof(jfloat));
+        memset(buffer, 0, len * sizeof(buffer[0]));
     }
 }
 
@@ -127,13 +127,6 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-static inline float getNormalizedSquaredDistanceFloat(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2,
-        float scale) {
-    const float deltaX = x1 - x2;
-    const float deltaY = y1 - y2;
-    return (SQUARE_FLOAT(deltaX) + SQUARE_FLOAT(deltaY)) / SQUARE_FLOAT(scale);
-}
-
 float ProximityInfo::getNormalizedSquaredDistanceFromCenterFloatG(
         const int keyId, const int x, const int y) const {
     const static float verticalSweetSpotScaleForGeometric = 1.1f;
@@ -239,6 +232,9 @@
         // We do not have the coordinate data
         return NOT_AN_INDEX;
     }
+    if (c == NOT_A_CODE_POINT) {
+        return NOT_AN_INDEX;
+    }
     const int lowerCode = static_cast<int>(toLowerCase(c));
     hash_map_compat<int, int>::const_iterator mapPos = mCodeToKeyMap.find(lowerCode);
     if (mapPos != mCodeToKeyMap.end()) {
@@ -296,9 +292,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int ProximityInfo::getKeyKeyDistanceG(int key0, int key1) const {
-    const int keyId0 = getKeyIndexOf(key0);
-    const int keyId1 = getKeyIndexOf(key1);
+int ProximityInfo::getKeyKeyDistanceG(const int keyId0, const int keyId1) const {
     if (keyId0 >= 0 && keyId1 >= 0) {
         return mKeyKeyDistancesG[keyId0][keyId1];
     }
diff --git a/native/jni/src/proximity_info.h b/native/jni/src/proximity_info.h
index 70942aa..7ee15d5 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/proximity_info.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/proximity_info.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
     int getKeyCenterYOfCodePointG(int charCode) const;
     int getKeyCenterXOfKeyIdG(int keyId) const;
     int getKeyCenterYOfKeyIdG(int keyId) const;
-    int getKeyKeyDistanceG(int key0, int key1) const;
+    int getKeyKeyDistanceG(int keyId0, int keyId1) const;
 
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(ProximityInfo);
diff --git a/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.cpp b/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.cpp
index 392ec81..db79bb6 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <cstring> // for memset()
+#include <sstream> // for debug prints
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #define LOG_TAG "LatinIME: proximity_info_state.cpp"
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@
 const int ProximityInfoState::NOT_A_CODE = -1;
 
 void ProximityInfoState::initInputParams(const int pointerId, const float maxPointToKeyLength,
-        const ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int32_t *const inputCodes, const int inputSize,
+        const ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *const inputCodes, const int inputSize,
         const int *const xCoordinates, const int *const yCoordinates, const int *const times,
         const int *const pointerIds, const bool isGeometric) {
 
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@
         // - mNormalizedSquaredDistances
         // TODO: Merge
         for (int i = 0; i < inputSize; ++i) {
-            const int32_t primaryKey = inputCodes[i];
+            const int primaryKey = inputCodes[i];
             const int x = xCoordinates[i];
             const int y = yCoordinates[i];
             int *proximities = &mInputCodes[i * MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL];
@@ -104,7 +105,10 @@
         mLengthCache.clear();
         mDistanceCache.clear();
         mNearKeysVector.clear();
+        mSearchKeysVector.clear();
         mRelativeSpeeds.clear();
+        mCharProbabilities.clear();
+        mDirections.clear();
     }
     if (DEBUG_GEO_FULL) {
         AKLOGI("Init ProximityInfoState: reused points =  %d, last input size = %d",
@@ -130,6 +134,10 @@
         NearKeysDistanceMap *currentNearKeysDistances = &nearKeysDistances[0];
         NearKeysDistanceMap *prevNearKeysDistances = &nearKeysDistances[1];
         NearKeysDistanceMap *prevPrevNearKeysDistances = &nearKeysDistances[2];
+        // "sumAngle" is accumulated by each angle of input points. And when "sumAngle" exceeds
+        // the threshold we save that point, reset sumAngle. This aims to keep the figure of
+        // the curve.
+        float sumAngle = 0.0f;
 
         for (int i = pushTouchPointStartIndex; i <= lastInputIndex; ++i) {
             // Assuming pointerId == 0 if pointerIds is null.
@@ -138,13 +146,22 @@
                 AKLOGI("Init ProximityInfoState: (%d)PID = %d", i, pid);
             }
             if (pointerId == pid) {
-                const int c = isGeometric ? NOT_A_COORDINATE : getPrimaryCharAt(i);
+                const int c = isGeometric ? NOT_A_COORDINATE : getPrimaryCodePointAt(i);
                 const int x = proximityOnly ? NOT_A_COORDINATE : xCoordinates[i];
                 const int y = proximityOnly ? NOT_A_COORDINATE : yCoordinates[i];
                 const int time = times ? times[i] : -1;
+
+                if (i > 1) {
+                    const float prevAngle = getAngle(xCoordinates[i - 2], yCoordinates[i - 2],
+                            xCoordinates[i - 1], yCoordinates[i - 1]);
+                    const float currentAngle =
+                            getAngle(xCoordinates[i - 1], yCoordinates[i - 1], x, y);
+                    sumAngle += getAngleDiff(prevAngle, currentAngle);
+                }
+
                 if (pushTouchPoint(i, c, x, y, time, isGeometric /* do sampling */,
-                        i == lastInputIndex, currentNearKeysDistances, prevNearKeysDistances,
-                        prevPrevNearKeysDistances)) {
+                        i == lastInputIndex, sumAngle, currentNearKeysDistances,
+                        prevNearKeysDistances, prevPrevNearKeysDistances)) {
                     // Previous point information was popped.
                     NearKeysDistanceMap *tmp = prevNearKeysDistances;
                     prevNearKeysDistances = currentNearKeysDistances;
@@ -154,6 +171,7 @@
                     prevPrevNearKeysDistances = prevNearKeysDistances;
                     prevNearKeysDistances = currentNearKeysDistances;
                     currentNearKeysDistances = tmp;
+                    sumAngle = 0.0f;
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -161,43 +179,68 @@
     }
 
     if (mInputSize > 0 && isGeometric) {
-        int sumDuration = mTimes.back() - mTimes.front();
-        int sumLength = mLengthCache.back() - mLengthCache.front();
-        float averageSpeed = static_cast<float>(sumLength) / static_cast<float>(sumDuration);
+        // Relative speed calculation.
+        const int sumDuration = mTimes.back() - mTimes.front();
+        const int sumLength = mLengthCache.back() - mLengthCache.front();
+        const float averageSpeed = static_cast<float>(sumLength) / static_cast<float>(sumDuration);
         mRelativeSpeeds.resize(mInputSize);
         for (int i = lastSavedInputSize; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
             const int index = mInputIndice[i];
             int length = 0;
             int duration = 0;
-            if (index == 0 && index < inputSize - 1) {
-                length = getDistanceInt(xCoordinates[index], yCoordinates[index],
-                        xCoordinates[index + 1], yCoordinates[index + 1]);
-                duration = times[index + 1] - times[index];
-            } else if (index == inputSize - 1 && index > 0) {
-                length = getDistanceInt(xCoordinates[index - 1], yCoordinates[index - 1],
-                        xCoordinates[index], yCoordinates[index]);
-                duration = times[index] - times[index - 1];
-            } else if (0 < index && index < inputSize - 1) {
-                length = getDistanceInt(xCoordinates[index - 1], yCoordinates[index - 1],
-                        xCoordinates[index], yCoordinates[index])
-                        + getDistanceInt(xCoordinates[index], yCoordinates[index],
-                                xCoordinates[index + 1], yCoordinates[index + 1]);
-                duration = times[index + 1] - times[index - 1];
-            } else {
-                length = 0;
-                duration = 1;
+
+            // Calculate velocity by using distances and durations of
+            // NUM_POINTS_FOR_SPEED_CALCULATION points for both forward and backward.
+            static const int NUM_POINTS_FOR_SPEED_CALCULATION = 2;
+            for (int j = index; j < min(inputSize - 1, index + NUM_POINTS_FOR_SPEED_CALCULATION);
+                    ++j) {
+                if (i < mInputSize - 1 && j >= mInputIndice[i + 1]) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                length += getDistanceInt(xCoordinates[j], yCoordinates[j],
+                        xCoordinates[j + 1], yCoordinates[j + 1]);
+                duration += times[j + 1] - times[j];
             }
-            const float speed = static_cast<float>(length) / static_cast<float>(duration);
-            mRelativeSpeeds[i] = speed / averageSpeed;
+            for (int j = index - 1; j >= max(0, index - NUM_POINTS_FOR_SPEED_CALCULATION); --j) {
+                if (i > 0 && j < mInputIndice[i - 1]) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                length += getDistanceInt(xCoordinates[j], yCoordinates[j],
+                        xCoordinates[j + 1], yCoordinates[j + 1]);
+                duration += times[j + 1] - times[j];
+            }
+            if (duration == 0 || sumDuration == 0) {
+                // Cannot calculate speed; thus, it gives an average value (1.0);
+                mRelativeSpeeds[i] = 1.0f;
+            } else {
+                const float speed = static_cast<float>(length) / static_cast<float>(duration);
+                mRelativeSpeeds[i] = speed / averageSpeed;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Direction calculation.
+        mDirections.resize(mInputSize - 1);
+        for (int i = max(0, lastSavedInputSize - 1); i < mInputSize - 1; ++i) {
+            mDirections[i] = getDirection(i, i + 1);
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (DEBUG_GEO_FULL) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+            AKLOGI("Sampled(%d): x = %d, y = %d, time = %d", i, mInputXs[i], mInputYs[i],
+                    mTimes[i]);
         }
     }
 
     if (mInputSize > 0) {
         const int keyCount = mProximityInfo->getKeyCount();
         mNearKeysVector.resize(mInputSize);
+        mSearchKeysVector.resize(mInputSize);
         mDistanceCache.resize(mInputSize * keyCount);
         for (int i = lastSavedInputSize; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
             mNearKeysVector[i].reset();
+            mSearchKeysVector[i].reset();
             static const float NEAR_KEY_NORMALIZED_SQUARED_THRESHOLD = 4.0f;
             for (int k = 0; k < keyCount; ++k) {
                 const int index = i * keyCount + k;
@@ -207,29 +250,53 @@
                         mProximityInfo->getNormalizedSquaredDistanceFromCenterFloatG(k, x, y);
                 mDistanceCache[index] = normalizedSquaredDistance;
                 if (normalizedSquaredDistance < NEAR_KEY_NORMALIZED_SQUARED_THRESHOLD) {
-                    mNearKeysVector[i].set(k, 1);
+                    mNearKeysVector[i][k] = true;
                 }
             }
         }
+        if (isGeometric) {
+            // updates probabilities of skipping or mapping each key for all points.
+            updateAlignPointProbabilities(lastSavedInputSize);
 
-        static const float READ_FORWORD_LENGTH_SCALE = 0.95f;
-        const int readForwordLength = static_cast<int>(
-                hypotf(mProximityInfo->getKeyboardWidth(), mProximityInfo->getKeyboardHeight())
-                * READ_FORWORD_LENGTH_SCALE);
-        for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
-            if (DEBUG_GEO_FULL) {
-                AKLOGI("Sampled(%d): x = %d, y = %d, time = %d", i, mInputXs[i], mInputYs[i],
-                        mTimes[i]);
-            }
-            for (int j = max(i + 1, lastSavedInputSize); j < mInputSize; ++j) {
-                if (mLengthCache[j] - mLengthCache[i] >= readForwordLength) {
-                    break;
+            static const float READ_FORWORD_LENGTH_SCALE = 0.95f;
+            const int readForwordLength = static_cast<int>(
+                    hypotf(mProximityInfo->getKeyboardWidth(), mProximityInfo->getKeyboardHeight())
+                            * READ_FORWORD_LENGTH_SCALE);
+            for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+                if (i >= lastSavedInputSize) {
+                    mSearchKeysVector[i].reset();
                 }
-                mNearKeysVector[i] |= mNearKeysVector[j];
+                for (int j = max(i, lastSavedInputSize); j < mInputSize; ++j) {
+                    if (mLengthCache[j] - mLengthCache[i] >= readForwordLength) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    mSearchKeysVector[i] |= mNearKeysVector[j];
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
+    if (DEBUG_SAMPLING_POINTS) {
+        std::stringstream originalX, originalY, sampledX, sampledY;
+        for (int i = 0; i < inputSize; ++i) {
+            originalX << xCoordinates[i];
+            originalY << yCoordinates[i];
+            if (i != inputSize - 1) {
+                originalX << ";";
+                originalY << ";";
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+            sampledX << mInputXs[i];
+            sampledY << mInputYs[i];
+            if (i != mInputSize - 1) {
+                sampledX << ";";
+                sampledY << ";";
+            }
+        }
+        AKLOGI("\n%s, %s,\n%s, %s,\n", originalX.str().c_str(), originalY.str().c_str(),
+                sampledX.str().c_str(), sampledY.str().c_str());
+    }
     // end
     ///////////////////////
 
@@ -239,12 +306,12 @@
             && xCoordinates && yCoordinates;
     if (!isGeometric && pointerId == 0) {
         for (int i = 0; i < inputSize; ++i) {
-            mPrimaryInputWord[i] = getPrimaryCharAt(i);
+            mPrimaryInputWord[i] = getPrimaryCodePointAt(i);
         }
 
         for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize && mTouchPositionCorrectionEnabled; ++i) {
-            const int *proximityChars = getProximityCharsAt(i);
-            const int primaryKey = proximityChars[0];
+            const int *proximityCodePoints = getProximityCodePointsAt(i);
+            const int primaryKey = proximityCodePoints[0];
             const int x = xCoordinates[i];
             const int y = yCoordinates[i];
             if (DEBUG_PROXIMITY_CHARS) {
@@ -252,11 +319,12 @@
                 a += 0;
                 AKLOGI("--- Primary = %c, x = %d, y = %d", primaryKey, x, y);
             }
-            for (int j = 0; j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL && proximityChars[j] > 0; ++j) {
-                const int currentChar = proximityChars[j];
+            for (int j = 0; j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL && proximityCodePoints[j] > 0;
+                    ++j) {
+                const int currentCodePoint = proximityCodePoints[j];
                 const float squaredDistance =
                         hasInputCoordinates() ? calculateNormalizedSquaredDistance(
-                                mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(currentChar), i) :
+                                mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(currentCodePoint), i) :
                                 NOT_A_DISTANCE_FLOAT;
                 if (squaredDistance >= 0.0f) {
                     mNormalizedSquaredDistances[i * MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL + j] =
@@ -267,7 +335,7 @@
                                     PROXIMITY_CHAR_WITHOUT_DISTANCE_INFO;
                 }
                 if (DEBUG_PROXIMITY_CHARS) {
-                    AKLOGI("--- Proximity (%d) = %c", j, currentChar);
+                    AKLOGI("--- Proximity (%d) = %c", j, currentCodePoint);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -294,7 +362,7 @@
 // the given point and the nearest key position.
 float ProximityInfoState::updateNearKeysDistances(const int x, const int y,
         NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances) {
-    static const float NEAR_KEY_THRESHOLD = 4.0f;
+    static const float NEAR_KEY_THRESHOLD = 2.0f;
 
     currentNearKeysDistances->clear();
     const int keyCount = mProximityInfo->getKeyCount();
@@ -332,64 +400,49 @@
 // Calculating a point score that indicates usefulness of the point.
 float ProximityInfoState::getPointScore(
         const int x, const int y, const int time, const bool lastPoint, const float nearest,
-        const NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances,
+        const float sumAngle, const NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances,
         const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevNearKeysDistances,
         const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevPrevNearKeysDistances) const {
     static const int DISTANCE_BASE_SCALE = 100;
-    static const int SAVE_DISTANCE_SCALE = 200;
-    static const int SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE = 25;
-    static const int CHECK_LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE = 40;
-    static const int STRAIGHT_SKIP_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE = 50;
-    static const int CORNER_CHECK_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE = 27;
-    static const float SAVE_DISTANCE_SCORE = 2.0f;
-    static const float SKIP_DISTANCE_SCORE = -1.0f;
-    static const float CHECK_LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_SCORE = -1.0f;
-    static const float STRAIGHT_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F / 36.0f;
-    static const float STRAIGHT_SKIP_NEAREST_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD = 0.5f;
-    static const float STRAIGHT_SKIP_SCORE = -1.0f;
-    static const float CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F / 2.0f;
+    static const float NEAR_KEY_THRESHOLD = 0.6f;
+    static const int CORNER_CHECK_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE = 25;
+    static const float NOT_LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_SCORE = -1.0f;
+    static const float LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_AND_NEAR_TO_KEY_SCORE = 1.0f;
+    static const float CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F * 2.0f / 3.0f;
+    static const float CORNER_SUM_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F / 4.0f;
     static const float CORNER_SCORE = 1.0f;
 
-    const std::size_t size = mInputXs.size();
-    if (size <= 1) {
+    const size_t size = mInputXs.size();
+    // If there is only one point, add this point. Besides, if the previous point's distance map
+    // is empty, we re-compute nearby keys distances from the current point.
+    // Note that the current point is the first point in the incremental input that needs to
+    // be re-computed.
+    if (size <= 1 || prevNearKeysDistances->empty()) {
         return 0.0f;
     }
+
     const int baseSampleRate = mProximityInfo->getMostCommonKeyWidth();
-    const int distNext = getDistanceInt(x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back())
-            * DISTANCE_BASE_SCALE;
     const int distPrev = getDistanceInt(mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back(),
             mInputXs[size - 2], mInputYs[size - 2]) * DISTANCE_BASE_SCALE;
     float score = 0.0f;
 
-    // Sum of distances
-    if (distPrev + distNext > baseSampleRate * SAVE_DISTANCE_SCALE) {
-        score +=  SAVE_DISTANCE_SCORE;
-    }
-    // Distance
-    if (distPrev < baseSampleRate * SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE) {
-        score += SKIP_DISTANCE_SCORE;
-    }
     // Location
-    if (distPrev < baseSampleRate * CHECK_LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE) {
-        if (!isPrevLocalMin(currentNearKeysDistances, prevNearKeysDistances,
-            prevPrevNearKeysDistances)) {
-            score += CHECK_LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_SCORE;
-        }
+    if (!isPrevLocalMin(currentNearKeysDistances, prevNearKeysDistances,
+        prevPrevNearKeysDistances)) {
+        score += NOT_LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_SCORE;
+    } else if (nearest < NEAR_KEY_THRESHOLD) {
+        // Promote points nearby keys
+        score += LOCALMIN_DISTANCE_AND_NEAR_TO_KEY_SCORE;
     }
     // Angle
     const float angle1 = getAngle(x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back());
     const float angle2 = getAngle(mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back(),
             mInputXs[size - 2], mInputYs[size - 2]);
     const float angleDiff = getAngleDiff(angle1, angle2);
-    // Skip straight
-    if (nearest > STRAIGHT_SKIP_NEAREST_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD
-            && distPrev < baseSampleRate * STRAIGHT_SKIP_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE
-            && angleDiff < STRAIGHT_ANGLE_THRESHOLD) {
-        score += STRAIGHT_SKIP_SCORE;
-    }
+
     // Save corner
     if (distPrev > baseSampleRate * CORNER_CHECK_DISTANCE_THRESHOLD_SCALE
-            && angleDiff > CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD) {
+            && (sumAngle > CORNER_SUM_ANGLE_THRESHOLD || angleDiff > CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD)) {
         score += CORNER_SCORE;
     }
     return score;
@@ -397,18 +450,18 @@
 
 // Sampling touch point and pushing information to vectors.
 // Returning if previous point is popped or not.
-bool ProximityInfoState::pushTouchPoint(const int inputIndex, const int nodeChar, int x, int y,
-        const int time, const bool sample, const bool isLastPoint,
+bool ProximityInfoState::pushTouchPoint(const int inputIndex, const int nodeCodePoint, int x, int y,
+        const int time, const bool sample, const bool isLastPoint, const float sumAngle,
         NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances,
         const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevNearKeysDistances,
         const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevPrevNearKeysDistances) {
-    static const float LAST_POINT_SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE = 0.25f;
+    static const int LAST_POINT_SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE = 4;
 
     size_t size = mInputXs.size();
     bool popped = false;
-    if (nodeChar < 0 && sample) {
+    if (nodeCodePoint < 0 && sample) {
         const float nearest = updateNearKeysDistances(x, y, currentNearKeysDistances);
-        const float score = getPointScore(x, y, time, isLastPoint, nearest,
+        const float score = getPointScore(x, y, time, isLastPoint, nearest, sumAngle,
                 currentNearKeysDistances, prevNearKeysDistances, prevPrevNearKeysDistances);
         if (score < 0) {
             // Pop previous point because it would be useless.
@@ -419,42 +472,24 @@
             popped = false;
         }
         // Check if the last point should be skipped.
-        if (isLastPoint) {
-            if (size > 0 && getDistanceFloat(x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back())
-                    < mProximityInfo->getMostCommonKeyWidth() * LAST_POINT_SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE) {
+        if (isLastPoint && size > 0) {
+            if (getDistanceInt(x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back())
+                    * LAST_POINT_SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE < mProximityInfo->getMostCommonKeyWidth()) {
+                // This point is not used because it's too close to the previous point.
                 if (DEBUG_GEO_FULL) {
-                    AKLOGI("p0: size = %zd, x = %d, y = %d, lx = %d, ly = %d, dist = %f, "
-                           "width = %f", size, x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back(),
-                           getDistanceFloat(x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back()),
+                    AKLOGI("p0: size = %zd, x = %d, y = %d, lx = %d, ly = %d, dist = %d, "
+                           "width = %d", size, x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back(),
+                           getDistanceInt(x, y, mInputXs.back(), mInputYs.back()),
                            mProximityInfo->getMostCommonKeyWidth()
-                                   * LAST_POINT_SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE);
+                                   / LAST_POINT_SKIP_DISTANCE_SCALE);
                 }
                 return popped;
-            } else if (size > 1) {
-                int minChar = 0;
-                float minDist = mMaxPointToKeyLength;
-                for (NearKeysDistanceMap::const_iterator it = currentNearKeysDistances->begin();
-                        it != currentNearKeysDistances->end(); ++it) {
-                    if (minDist > it->second) {
-                        minChar = it->first;
-                        minDist = it->second;
-                    }
-                }
-                NearKeysDistanceMap::const_iterator itPP =
-                        prevNearKeysDistances->find(minChar);
-                if (itPP != prevNearKeysDistances->end() && minDist > itPP->second) {
-                    if (DEBUG_GEO_FULL) {
-                        AKLOGI("p1: char = %c, minDist = %f, prevNear key minDist = %f",
-                                minChar, itPP->second, minDist);
-                    }
-                    return popped;
-                }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if (nodeChar >= 0 && (x < 0 || y < 0)) {
-        const int keyId = mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(nodeChar);
+    if (nodeCodePoint >= 0 && (x < 0 || y < 0)) {
+        const int keyId = mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(nodeCodePoint);
         if (keyId >= 0) {
             x = mProximityInfo->getKeyCenterXOfKeyIdG(keyId);
             y = mProximityInfo->getKeyCenterYOfKeyIdG(keyId);
@@ -503,22 +538,92 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-float ProximityInfoState::getPointToKeyLength(const int inputIndex, const int codePoint,
-        const float scale) const {
+float ProximityInfoState::getPointToKeyLength(const int inputIndex, const int codePoint) const {
     const int keyId = mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(codePoint);
     if (keyId != NOT_AN_INDEX) {
         const int index = inputIndex * mProximityInfo->getKeyCount() + keyId;
-        return min(mDistanceCache[index] * scale, mMaxPointToKeyLength);
+        return min(mDistanceCache[index], mMaxPointToKeyLength);
     }
-    if (isSkippableChar(codePoint)) {
+    if (isSkippableCodePoint(codePoint)) {
         return 0.0f;
     }
     // If the char is not a key on the keyboard then return the max length.
     return MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH;
 }
 
+float ProximityInfoState::getPointToKeyByIdLength(const int inputIndex, const int keyId) const {
+    if (keyId != NOT_AN_INDEX) {
+        const int index = inputIndex * mProximityInfo->getKeyCount() + keyId;
+        return min(mDistanceCache[index], mMaxPointToKeyLength);
+    }
+    // If the char is not a key on the keyboard then return the max length.
+    return static_cast<float>(MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH);
+}
+
+// In the following function, c is the current character of the dictionary word currently examined.
+// currentChars is an array containing the keys close to the character the user actually typed at
+// the same position. We want to see if c is in it: if so, then the word contains at that position
+// a character close to what the user typed.
+// What the user typed is actually the first character of the array.
+// proximityIndex is a pointer to the variable where getMatchedProximityId returns the index of c
+// in the proximity chars of the input index.
+// Notice : accented characters do not have a proximity list, so they are alone in their list. The
+// non-accented version of the character should be considered "close", but not the other keys close
+// to the non-accented version.
+ProximityType ProximityInfoState::getMatchedProximityId(const int index, const int c,
+        const bool checkProximityChars, int *proximityIndex) const {
+    const int *currentCodePoints = getProximityCodePointsAt(index);
+    const int firstCodePoint = currentCodePoints[0];
+    const int baseLowerC = toBaseLowerCase(c);
+
+    // The first char in the array is what user typed. If it matches right away, that means the
+    // user typed that same char for this pos.
+    if (firstCodePoint == baseLowerC || firstCodePoint == c) {
+        return EQUIVALENT_CHAR;
+    }
+
+    if (!checkProximityChars) return UNRELATED_CHAR;
+
+    // If the non-accented, lowercased version of that first character matches c, then we have a
+    // non-accented version of the accented character the user typed. Treat it as a close char.
+    if (toBaseLowerCase(firstCodePoint) == baseLowerC) {
+        return NEAR_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
+    }
+
+    // Not an exact nor an accent-alike match: search the list of close keys
+    int j = 1;
+    while (j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
+            && currentCodePoints[j] > ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR_DELIMITER_CODE) {
+        const bool matched = (currentCodePoints[j] == baseLowerC || currentCodePoints[j] == c);
+        if (matched) {
+            if (proximityIndex) {
+                *proximityIndex = j;
+            }
+            return NEAR_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
+        }
+        ++j;
+    }
+    if (j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
+            && currentCodePoints[j] == ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR_DELIMITER_CODE) {
+        ++j;
+        while (j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
+                && currentCodePoints[j] > ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR_DELIMITER_CODE) {
+            const bool matched = (currentCodePoints[j] == baseLowerC || currentCodePoints[j] == c);
+            if (matched) {
+                if (proximityIndex) {
+                    *proximityIndex = j;
+                }
+                return ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
+            }
+            ++j;
+        }
+    }
+    // Was not included, signal this as an unrelated character.
+    return UNRELATED_CHAR;
+}
+
 int ProximityInfoState::getSpaceY() const {
-    const int keyId = mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(' ');
+    const int keyId = mProximityInfo->getKeyIndexOf(KEYCODE_SPACE);
     return mProximityInfo->getKeyCenterYOfKeyIdG(keyId);
 }
 
@@ -538,8 +643,9 @@
         return filterSize;
     }
     int newFilterSize = filterSize;
-    for (int j = 0; j < mProximityInfo->getKeyCount(); ++j) {
-        if (mNearKeysVector[index].test(j)) {
+    const int keyCount = mProximityInfo->getKeyCount();
+    for (int j = 0; j < keyCount; ++j) {
+        if (mSearchKeysVector[index].test(j)) {
             const int32_t keyCodePoint = mProximityInfo->getCodePointOf(j);
             bool insert = true;
             // TODO: Avoid linear search
@@ -557,6 +663,12 @@
     return newFilterSize;
 }
 
+bool ProximityInfoState::isKeyInSerchKeysAfterIndex(const int index, const int keyId) const {
+    ASSERT(keyId >= 0);
+    ASSERT(index >= 0 && index < mInputSize);
+    return mSearchKeysVector[index].test(keyId);
+}
+
 void ProximityInfoState::popInputData() {
     mInputXs.pop_back();
     mInputYs.pop_back();
@@ -565,4 +677,389 @@
     mInputIndice.pop_back();
 }
 
+float ProximityInfoState::getDirection(const int index0, const int index1) const {
+    if (index0 < 0 || index0 > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (index1 < 0 || index1 > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    const int x1 = mInputXs[index0];
+    const int y1 = mInputYs[index0];
+    const int x2 = mInputXs[index1];
+    const int y2 = mInputYs[index1];
+    return getAngle(x1, y1, x2, y2);
+}
+
+float ProximityInfoState::getPointAngle(const int index) const {
+    if (index <= 0 || index >= mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    const float previousDirection = getDirection(index - 1, index);
+    const float nextDirection = getDirection(index, index + 1);
+    const float directionDiff = getAngleDiff(previousDirection, nextDirection);
+    return directionDiff;
+}
+
+float ProximityInfoState::getPointsAngle(
+        const int index0, const int index1, const int index2) const {
+    if (index0 < 0 || index0 > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (index1 < 0 || index1 > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (index2 < 0 || index2 > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    const float previousDirection = getDirection(index0, index1);
+    const float nextDirection = getDirection(index1, index2);
+    return getAngleDiff(previousDirection, nextDirection);
+}
+
+float ProximityInfoState::getLineToKeyDistance(
+        const int from, const int to, const int keyId, const bool extend) const {
+    if (from < 0 || from > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    if (to < 0 || to > mInputSize - 1) {
+        return 0.0f;
+    }
+    const int x0 = mInputXs[from];
+    const int y0 = mInputYs[from];
+    const int x1 = mInputXs[to];
+    const int y1 = mInputYs[to];
+
+    const int keyX = mProximityInfo->getKeyCenterXOfKeyIdG(keyId);
+    const int keyY = mProximityInfo->getKeyCenterYOfKeyIdG(keyId);
+
+    return pointToLineSegSquaredDistanceFloat(keyX, keyY, x0, y0, x1, y1, extend);
+}
+
+// Updates probabilities of aligning to some keys and skipping.
+// Word suggestion should be based on this probabilities.
+void ProximityInfoState::updateAlignPointProbabilities(const int start) {
+    static const float MIN_PROBABILITY = 0.000001f;
+    static const float MAX_SKIP_PROBABILITY = 0.95f;
+    static const float SKIP_FIRST_POINT_PROBABILITY = 0.01f;
+    static const float SKIP_LAST_POINT_PROBABILITY = 0.1f;
+    static const float MIN_SPEED_RATE_FOR_SKIP_PROBABILITY = 0.15f;
+    static const float SPEED_WEIGHT_FOR_SKIP_PROBABILITY = 0.9f;
+    static const float SLOW_STRAIGHT_WEIGHT_FOR_SKIP_PROBABILITY = 0.6f;
+    static const float NEAREST_DISTANCE_WEIGHT = 0.5f;
+    static const float NEAREST_DISTANCE_BIAS = 0.5f;
+    static const float NEAREST_DISTANCE_WEIGHT_FOR_LAST = 0.6f;
+    static const float NEAREST_DISTANCE_BIAS_FOR_LAST = 0.4f;
+
+    static const float ANGLE_WEIGHT = 0.90f;
+    static const float DEEP_CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F * 60.0f / 180.0f;
+    static const float SKIP_DEEP_CORNER_PROBABILITY = 0.1f;
+    static const float CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F * 30.0f / 180.0f;
+    static const float STRAIGHT_ANGLE_THRESHOLD = M_PI_F * 15.0f / 180.0f;
+    static const float SKIP_CORNER_PROBABILITY = 0.4f;
+    static const float SPEED_MARGIN = 0.1f;
+    static const float CENTER_VALUE_OF_NORMALIZED_DISTRIBUTION = 0.0f;
+
+    const int keyCount = mProximityInfo->getKeyCount();
+    mCharProbabilities.resize(mInputSize);
+    // Calculates probabilities of using a point as a correlated point with the character
+    // for each point.
+    for (int i = start; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+        mCharProbabilities[i].clear();
+        // First, calculates skip probability. Starts form MIN_SKIP_PROBABILITY.
+        // Note that all values that are multiplied to this probability should be in [0.0, 1.0];
+        float skipProbability = MAX_SKIP_PROBABILITY;
+
+        const float currentAngle = getPointAngle(i);
+        const float relativeSpeed = getRelativeSpeed(i);
+
+        float nearestKeyDistance = static_cast<float>(MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH);
+        for (int j = 0; j < keyCount; ++j) {
+            if (mNearKeysVector[i].test(j)) {
+                const float distance = getPointToKeyByIdLength(i, j);
+                if (distance < nearestKeyDistance) {
+                    nearestKeyDistance = distance;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (i == 0) {
+            skipProbability *= min(1.0f, nearestKeyDistance * NEAREST_DISTANCE_WEIGHT
+                    + NEAREST_DISTANCE_BIAS);
+            // Promote the first point
+            skipProbability *= SKIP_FIRST_POINT_PROBABILITY;
+        } else if (i == mInputSize - 1) {
+            skipProbability *= min(1.0f, nearestKeyDistance * NEAREST_DISTANCE_WEIGHT_FOR_LAST
+                    + NEAREST_DISTANCE_BIAS_FOR_LAST);
+            // Promote the last point
+            skipProbability *= SKIP_LAST_POINT_PROBABILITY;
+        } else {
+            // If the current speed is relatively slower than adjacent keys, we promote this point.
+            if (getRelativeSpeed(i - 1) - SPEED_MARGIN > relativeSpeed
+                    && relativeSpeed < getRelativeSpeed(i + 1) - SPEED_MARGIN) {
+                if (currentAngle < CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD) {
+                    skipProbability *= min(1.0f, relativeSpeed
+                            * SLOW_STRAIGHT_WEIGHT_FOR_SKIP_PROBABILITY);
+                } else {
+                    // If the angle is small enough, we promote this point more. (e.g. pit vs put)
+                    skipProbability *= min(1.0f, relativeSpeed * SPEED_WEIGHT_FOR_SKIP_PROBABILITY
+                            + MIN_SPEED_RATE_FOR_SKIP_PROBABILITY);
+                }
+            }
+
+            skipProbability *= min(1.0f, relativeSpeed * nearestKeyDistance *
+                    NEAREST_DISTANCE_WEIGHT + NEAREST_DISTANCE_BIAS);
+
+            // Adjusts skip probability by a rate depending on angle.
+            // ANGLE_RATE of skipProbability is adjusted by current angle.
+            skipProbability *= (M_PI_F - currentAngle) / M_PI_F * ANGLE_WEIGHT
+                    + (1.0f - ANGLE_WEIGHT);
+            if (currentAngle > DEEP_CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD) {
+                skipProbability *= SKIP_DEEP_CORNER_PROBABILITY;
+            }
+            // We assume the angle of this point is the angle for point[i], point[i - 2]
+            // and point[i - 3]. The reason why we don't use the angle for point[i], point[i - 1]
+            // and point[i - 2] is this angle can be more affected by the noise.
+            const float prevAngle = getPointsAngle(i, i - 2, i - 3);
+            if (i >= 3 && prevAngle < STRAIGHT_ANGLE_THRESHOLD
+                    && currentAngle > CORNER_ANGLE_THRESHOLD) {
+                skipProbability *= SKIP_CORNER_PROBABILITY;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // probabilities must be in [0.0, MAX_SKIP_PROBABILITY];
+        ASSERT(skipProbability >= 0.0f);
+        ASSERT(skipProbability <= MAX_SKIP_PROBABILITY);
+        mCharProbabilities[i][NOT_AN_INDEX] = skipProbability;
+
+        // Second, calculates key probabilities by dividing the rest probability
+        // (1.0f - skipProbability).
+        const float inputCharProbability = 1.0f - skipProbability;
+
+        // TODO: The variance is critical for accuracy; thus, adjusting these parameter by machine
+        // learning or something would be efficient.
+        static const float SPEEDxANGLE_WEIGHT_FOR_STANDARD_DIVIATION = 0.3f;
+        static const float MAX_SPEEDxANGLE_RATE_FOR_STANDERD_DIVIATION = 0.25f;
+        static const float SPEEDxNEAREST_WEIGHT_FOR_STANDARD_DIVIATION = 0.5f;
+        static const float MAX_SPEEDxNEAREST_RATE_FOR_STANDERD_DIVIATION = 0.15f;
+        static const float MIN_STANDERD_DIVIATION = 0.37f;
+
+        const float speedxAngleRate = min(relativeSpeed * currentAngle / M_PI_F
+                * SPEEDxANGLE_WEIGHT_FOR_STANDARD_DIVIATION,
+                        MAX_SPEEDxANGLE_RATE_FOR_STANDERD_DIVIATION);
+        const float speedxNearestKeyDistanceRate = min(relativeSpeed * nearestKeyDistance
+                * SPEEDxNEAREST_WEIGHT_FOR_STANDARD_DIVIATION,
+                        MAX_SPEEDxNEAREST_RATE_FOR_STANDERD_DIVIATION);
+        const float sigma = speedxAngleRate + speedxNearestKeyDistanceRate + MIN_STANDERD_DIVIATION;
+
+        NormalDistribution distribution(CENTER_VALUE_OF_NORMALIZED_DISTRIBUTION, sigma);
+        static const float PREV_DISTANCE_WEIGHT = 0.5f;
+        static const float NEXT_DISTANCE_WEIGHT = 0.6f;
+        // Summing up probability densities of all near keys.
+        float sumOfProbabilityDensities = 0.0f;
+        for (int j = 0; j < keyCount; ++j) {
+            if (mNearKeysVector[i].test(j)) {
+                float distance = sqrtf(getPointToKeyByIdLength(i, j));
+                if (i == 0 && i != mInputSize - 1) {
+                    // For the first point, weighted average of distances from first point and the
+                    // next point to the key is used as a point to key distance.
+                    const float nextDistance = sqrtf(getPointToKeyByIdLength(i + 1, j));
+                    if (nextDistance < distance) {
+                        // The distance of the first point tends to bigger than continuing
+                        // points because the first touch by the user can be sloppy.
+                        // So we promote the first point if the distance of that point is larger
+                        // than the distance of the next point.
+                        distance = (distance + nextDistance * NEXT_DISTANCE_WEIGHT)
+                                / (1.0f + NEXT_DISTANCE_WEIGHT);
+                    }
+                } else if (i != 0 && i == mInputSize - 1) {
+                    // For the first point, weighted average of distances from last point and
+                    // the previous point to the key is used as a point to key distance.
+                    const float previousDistance = sqrtf(getPointToKeyByIdLength(i - 1, j));
+                    if (previousDistance < distance) {
+                        // The distance of the last point tends to bigger than continuing points
+                        // because the last touch by the user can be sloppy. So we promote the
+                        // last point if the distance of that point is larger than the distance of
+                        // the previous point.
+                        distance = (distance + previousDistance * PREV_DISTANCE_WEIGHT)
+                                / (1.0f + PREV_DISTANCE_WEIGHT);
+                    }
+                }
+                // TODO: Promote the first point when the extended line from the next input is near
+                // from a key. Also, promote the last point as well.
+                sumOfProbabilityDensities += distribution.getProbabilityDensity(distance);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Split the probability of an input point to keys that are close to the input point.
+        for (int j = 0; j < keyCount; ++j) {
+            if (mNearKeysVector[i].test(j)) {
+                float distance = sqrtf(getPointToKeyByIdLength(i, j));
+                if (i == 0 && i != mInputSize - 1) {
+                    // For the first point, weighted average of distances from the first point and
+                    // the next point to the key is used as a point to key distance.
+                    const float prevDistance = sqrtf(getPointToKeyByIdLength(i + 1, j));
+                    if (prevDistance < distance) {
+                        distance = (distance + prevDistance * NEXT_DISTANCE_WEIGHT)
+                                / (1.0f + NEXT_DISTANCE_WEIGHT);
+                    }
+                } else if (i != 0 && i == mInputSize - 1) {
+                    // For the first point, weighted average of distances from last point and
+                    // the previous point to the key is used as a point to key distance.
+                    const float prevDistance = sqrtf(getPointToKeyByIdLength(i - 1, j));
+                    if (prevDistance < distance) {
+                        distance = (distance + prevDistance * PREV_DISTANCE_WEIGHT)
+                                / (1.0f + PREV_DISTANCE_WEIGHT);
+                    }
+                }
+                const float probabilityDensity = distribution.getProbabilityDensity(distance);
+                const float probability = inputCharProbability * probabilityDensity
+                        / sumOfProbabilityDensities;
+                mCharProbabilities[i][j] = probability;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    if (DEBUG_POINTS_PROBABILITY) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+            std::stringstream sstream;
+            sstream << i << ", ";
+            sstream << "("<< mInputXs[i] << ", ";
+            sstream << ", "<< mInputYs[i] << "), ";
+            sstream << "Speed: "<< getRelativeSpeed(i) << ", ";
+            sstream << "Angle: "<< getPointAngle(i) << ", \n";
+
+            for (hash_map_compat<int, float>::iterator it = mCharProbabilities[i].begin();
+                    it != mCharProbabilities[i].end(); ++it) {
+                if (it->first == NOT_AN_INDEX) {
+                    sstream << it->first
+                            << "(skip):"
+                            << it->second
+                            << "\n";
+                } else {
+                    sstream << it->first
+                            << "("
+                            << static_cast<char>(mProximityInfo->getCodePointOf(it->first))
+                            << "):"
+                            << it->second
+                            << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+            AKLOGI("%s", sstream.str().c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Decrease key probabilities of points which don't have the highest probability of that key
+    // among nearby points. Probabilities of the first point and the last point are not suppressed.
+    for (int i = max(start, 1); i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+        for (int j = i + 1; j < mInputSize; ++j) {
+            if (!suppressCharProbabilities(i, j)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        for (int j = i - 1; j >= max(start, 0); --j) {
+            if (!suppressCharProbabilities(i, j)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Converting from raw probabilities to log probabilities to calculate spatial distance.
+    for (int i = start; i < mInputSize; ++i) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < keyCount; ++j) {
+            hash_map_compat<int, float>::iterator it = mCharProbabilities[i].find(j);
+            if (it == mCharProbabilities[i].end()){
+                mNearKeysVector[i].reset(j);
+            } else if(it->second < MIN_PROBABILITY) {
+                // Erases from near keys vector because it has very low probability.
+                mNearKeysVector[i].reset(j);
+                mCharProbabilities[i].erase(j);
+            } else {
+                it->second = -logf(it->second);
+            }
+        }
+        mCharProbabilities[i][NOT_AN_INDEX] = -logf(mCharProbabilities[i][NOT_AN_INDEX]);
+    }
+}
+
+// Decreases char probabilities of index0 by checking probabilities of a near point (index1) and
+// increases char probabilities of index1 by checking probabilities of index0.
+bool ProximityInfoState::suppressCharProbabilities(const int index0, const int index1) {
+    ASSERT(0 <= index0 && index0 < mInputSize);
+    ASSERT(0 <= index1 && index1 < mInputSize);
+
+    static const float SUPPRESSION_LENGTH_WEIGHT = 1.5f;
+    static const float MIN_SUPPRESSION_RATE = 0.1f;
+    static const float SUPPRESSION_WEIGHT = 0.5f;
+    static const float SUPPRESSION_WEIGHT_FOR_PROBABILITY_GAIN = 0.1f;
+    static const float SKIP_PROBABALITY_WEIGHT_FOR_PROBABILITY_GAIN = 0.3f;
+
+    const float keyWidthFloat = static_cast<float>(mProximityInfo->getMostCommonKeyWidth());
+    const float diff = fabsf(static_cast<float>(mLengthCache[index0] - mLengthCache[index1]));
+    if (diff > keyWidthFloat * SUPPRESSION_LENGTH_WEIGHT) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const float suppressionRate = MIN_SUPPRESSION_RATE
+            + diff / keyWidthFloat / SUPPRESSION_LENGTH_WEIGHT * SUPPRESSION_WEIGHT;
+    for (hash_map_compat<int, float>::iterator it = mCharProbabilities[index0].begin();
+            it != mCharProbabilities[index0].end(); ++it) {
+        hash_map_compat<int, float>::iterator it2 =  mCharProbabilities[index1].find(it->first);
+        if (it2 != mCharProbabilities[index1].end() && it->second < it2->second) {
+            const float newProbability = it->second * suppressionRate;
+            const float suppression = it->second - newProbability;
+            it->second = newProbability;
+            // mCharProbabilities[index0][NOT_AN_INDEX] is the probability of skipping this point.
+            mCharProbabilities[index0][NOT_AN_INDEX] += suppression;
+
+            // Add the probability of the same key nearby index1
+            const float probabilityGain = min(suppression * SUPPRESSION_WEIGHT_FOR_PROBABILITY_GAIN,
+                    mCharProbabilities[index1][NOT_AN_INDEX]
+                            * SKIP_PROBABALITY_WEIGHT_FOR_PROBABILITY_GAIN);
+            it2->second += probabilityGain;
+            mCharProbabilities[index1][NOT_AN_INDEX] -= probabilityGain;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Get a word that is detected by tracing highest probability sequence into codePointBuf and
+// returns probability of generating the word.
+float ProximityInfoState::getHighestProbabilitySequence(int *const codePointBuf) const {
+    static const float DEMOTION_LOG_PROBABILITY = 0.3f;
+    int index = 0;
+    float sumLogProbability = 0.0f;
+    // TODO: Current implementation is greedy algorithm. DP would be efficient for many cases.
+    for (int i = 0; i < mInputSize && index < MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL - 1; ++i) {
+        float minLogProbability = static_cast<float>(MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH);
+        int character = NOT_AN_INDEX;
+        for (hash_map_compat<int, float>::const_iterator it = mCharProbabilities[i].begin();
+                it != mCharProbabilities[i].end(); ++it) {
+            const float logProbability = (it->first != NOT_AN_INDEX)
+                    ? it->second + DEMOTION_LOG_PROBABILITY : it->second;
+            if (logProbability < minLogProbability) {
+                minLogProbability = logProbability;
+                character = it->first;
+            }
+        }
+        if (character != NOT_AN_INDEX) {
+            codePointBuf[index] = mProximityInfo->getCodePointOf(character);
+            index++;
+        }
+        sumLogProbability += minLogProbability;
+    }
+    codePointBuf[index] = '\0';
+    return sumLogProbability;
+}
+
+// Returns a probability of mapping index to keyIndex.
+float ProximityInfoState::getProbability(const int index, const int keyIndex) const {
+    ASSERT(0 <= index && index < mInputSize);
+    hash_map_compat<int, float>::const_iterator it = mCharProbabilities[index].find(keyIndex);
+    if (it != mCharProbabilities[index].end()) {
+        return it->second;
+    }
+    return static_cast<float>(MAX_POINT_TO_KEY_LENGTH);
+}
+
 } // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.h b/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.h
index c1ec76c..39a2388 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/proximity_info_state.h
@@ -43,36 +43,38 @@
     // Defined in proximity_info_state.cpp //
     /////////////////////////////////////////
     void initInputParams(const int pointerId, const float maxPointToKeyLength,
-            const ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int32_t *const inputCodes,
+            const ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *const inputCodes,
             const int inputSize, const int *xCoordinates, const int *yCoordinates,
             const int *const times, const int *const pointerIds, const bool isGeometric);
 
     /////////////////////////////////////////
     // Defined here                        //
     /////////////////////////////////////////
-    ProximityInfoState()
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE ProximityInfoState()
             : mProximityInfo(0), mMaxPointToKeyLength(0),
               mHasTouchPositionCorrectionData(false), mMostCommonKeyWidthSquare(0), mLocaleStr(),
               mKeyCount(0), mCellHeight(0), mCellWidth(0), mGridHeight(0), mGridWidth(0),
               mIsContinuationPossible(false), mInputXs(), mInputYs(), mTimes(), mInputIndice(),
-              mDistanceCache(), mLengthCache(), mRelativeSpeeds(), mNearKeysVector(),
+              mDistanceCache(), mLengthCache(), mRelativeSpeeds(), mDirections(),
+              mCharProbabilities(), mNearKeysVector(), mSearchKeysVector(),
               mTouchPositionCorrectionEnabled(false), mInputSize(0) {
         memset(mInputCodes, 0, sizeof(mInputCodes));
         memset(mNormalizedSquaredDistances, 0, sizeof(mNormalizedSquaredDistances));
         memset(mPrimaryInputWord, 0, sizeof(mPrimaryInputWord));
     }
 
-    virtual ~ProximityInfoState() {}
+    // Non virtual inline destructor -- never inherit this class
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE ~ProximityInfoState() {}
 
-    inline unsigned short getPrimaryCharAt(const int index) const {
-        return getProximityCharsAt(index)[0];
+    inline int getPrimaryCodePointAt(const int index) const {
+        return getProximityCodePointsAt(index)[0];
     }
 
-    inline bool existsCharInProximityAt(const int index, const int c) const {
-        const int *chars = getProximityCharsAt(index);
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE bool existsCodePointInProximityAt(const int index, const int c) const {
+        const int *codePoints = getProximityCodePointsAt(index);
         int i = 0;
-        while (chars[i] > 0 && i < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL) {
-            if (chars[i++] == c) {
+        while (codePoints[i] > 0 && i < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL) {
+            if (codePoints[i++] == c) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -81,90 +83,25 @@
 
     inline bool existsAdjacentProximityChars(const int index) const {
         if (index < 0 || index >= mInputSize) return false;
-        const int currentChar = getPrimaryCharAt(index);
+        const int currentCodePoint = getPrimaryCodePointAt(index);
         const int leftIndex = index - 1;
-        if (leftIndex >= 0 && existsCharInProximityAt(leftIndex, currentChar)) {
+        if (leftIndex >= 0 && existsCodePointInProximityAt(leftIndex, currentCodePoint)) {
             return true;
         }
         const int rightIndex = index + 1;
-        if (rightIndex < mInputSize && existsCharInProximityAt(rightIndex, currentChar)) {
+        if (rightIndex < mInputSize && existsCodePointInProximityAt(rightIndex, currentCodePoint)) {
             return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
 
-    // In the following function, c is the current character of the dictionary word
-    // currently examined.
-    // currentChars is an array containing the keys close to the character the
-    // user actually typed at the same position. We want to see if c is in it: if so,
-    // then the word contains at that position a character close to what the user
-    // typed.
-    // What the user typed is actually the first character of the array.
-    // proximityIndex is a pointer to the variable where getMatchedProximityId returns
-    // the index of c in the proximity chars of the input index.
-    // Notice : accented characters do not have a proximity list, so they are alone
-    // in their list. The non-accented version of the character should be considered
-    // "close", but not the other keys close to the non-accented version.
-    inline ProximityType getMatchedProximityId(const int index,
-            const unsigned short c, const bool checkProximityChars, int *proximityIndex = 0) const {
-        const int *currentChars = getProximityCharsAt(index);
-        const int firstChar = currentChars[0];
-        const unsigned short baseLowerC = toBaseLowerCase(c);
-
-        // The first char in the array is what user typed. If it matches right away,
-        // that means the user typed that same char for this pos.
-        if (firstChar == baseLowerC || firstChar == c) {
-            return EQUIVALENT_CHAR;
-        }
-
-        if (!checkProximityChars) return UNRELATED_CHAR;
-
-        // If the non-accented, lowercased version of that first character matches c,
-        // then we have a non-accented version of the accented character the user
-        // typed. Treat it as a close char.
-        if (toBaseLowerCase(firstChar) == baseLowerC)
-            return NEAR_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
-
-        // Not an exact nor an accent-alike match: search the list of close keys
-        int j = 1;
-        while (j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
-                && currentChars[j] > ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR_DELIMITER_CODE) {
-            const bool matched = (currentChars[j] == baseLowerC || currentChars[j] == c);
-            if (matched) {
-                if (proximityIndex) {
-                    *proximityIndex = j;
-                }
-                return NEAR_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
-            }
-            ++j;
-        }
-        if (j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
-                && currentChars[j] == ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR_DELIMITER_CODE) {
-            ++j;
-            while (j < MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL
-                    && currentChars[j] > ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR_DELIMITER_CODE) {
-                const bool matched = (currentChars[j] == baseLowerC || currentChars[j] == c);
-                if (matched) {
-                    if (proximityIndex) {
-                        *proximityIndex = j;
-                    }
-                    return ADDITIONAL_PROXIMITY_CHAR;
-                }
-                ++j;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Was not included, signal this as an unrelated character.
-        return UNRELATED_CHAR;
-    }
-
     inline int getNormalizedSquaredDistance(
             const int inputIndex, const int proximityIndex) const {
         return mNormalizedSquaredDistances[
                 inputIndex * MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL + proximityIndex];
     }
 
-    inline const unsigned short *getPrimaryInputWord() const {
+    inline const int *getPrimaryInputWord() const {
         return mPrimaryInputWord;
     }
 
@@ -172,13 +109,13 @@
         return mTouchPositionCorrectionEnabled;
     }
 
-    inline bool sameAsTyped(const unsigned short *word, int length) const {
+    inline bool sameAsTyped(const int *word, int length) const {
         if (length != mInputSize) {
             return false;
         }
         const int *inputCodes = mInputCodes;
         while (length--) {
-            if (static_cast<unsigned int>(*inputCodes) != static_cast<unsigned int>(*word)) {
+            if (*inputCodes != *word) {
                 return false;
             }
             inputCodes += MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL;
@@ -213,7 +150,11 @@
         return mIsContinuationPossible;
     }
 
-    float getPointToKeyLength(const int inputIndex, const int charCode, const float scale) const;
+    float getPointToKeyLength(const int inputIndex, const int charCode) const;
+    float getPointToKeyByIdLength(const int inputIndex, const int keyId) const;
+
+    ProximityType getMatchedProximityId(const int index, const int c,
+            const bool checkProximityChars, int *proximityIndex = 0) const;
 
     int getSpaceY() const;
 
@@ -223,6 +164,25 @@
     float getRelativeSpeed(const int index) const {
         return mRelativeSpeeds[index];
     }
+
+    float getDirection(const int index) const {
+        return mDirections[index];
+    }
+    // get xy direction
+    float getDirection(const int x, const int y) const;
+
+    float getPointAngle(const int index) const;
+    // Returns angle of three points. x, y, and z are indices.
+    float getPointsAngle(const int index0, const int index1, const int index2) const;
+
+    float getHighestProbabilitySequence(int *const codePointBuf) const;
+
+    float getProbability(const int index, const int charCode) const;
+
+    float getLineToKeyDistance(
+            const int from, const int to, const int keyId, const bool extend) const;
+
+    bool isKeyInSerchKeysAfterIndex(const int index, const int keyId) const;
  private:
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ProximityInfoState);
     typedef hash_map_compat<int, float> NearKeysDistanceMap;
@@ -234,8 +194,8 @@
     float calculateSquaredDistanceFromSweetSpotCenter(
             const int keyIndex, const int inputIndex) const;
 
-    bool pushTouchPoint(const int inputIndex, const int nodeChar, int x, int y, const int time,
-            const bool sample, const bool isLastPoint,
+    bool pushTouchPoint(const int inputIndex, const int nodeCodePoint, int x, int y, const int time,
+            const bool sample, const bool isLastPoint, const float sumAngle,
             NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances,
             const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevNearKeysDistances,
             const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevPrevNearKeysDistances);
@@ -248,7 +208,7 @@
         return mInputXs.size() > 0 && mInputYs.size() > 0;
     }
 
-    inline const int *getProximityCharsAt(const int index) const {
+    inline const int *getProximityCodePointsAt(const int index) const {
         return mInputCodes + (index * MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL);
     }
 
@@ -259,12 +219,14 @@
             const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevPrevNearKeysDistances) const;
     float getPointScore(
             const int x, const int y, const int time, const bool last, const float nearest,
-            const NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances,
+            const float sumAngle, const NearKeysDistanceMap *const currentNearKeysDistances,
             const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevNearKeysDistances,
             const NearKeysDistanceMap *const prevPrevNearKeysDistances) const;
     bool checkAndReturnIsContinuationPossible(const int inputSize, const int *const xCoordinates,
             const int *const yCoordinates, const int *const times);
     void popInputData();
+    void updateAlignPointProbabilities(const int start);
+    bool suppressCharProbabilities(const int index1, const int index2);
 
     // const
     const ProximityInfo *mProximityInfo;
@@ -286,12 +248,23 @@
     std::vector<float> mDistanceCache;
     std::vector<int>  mLengthCache;
     std::vector<float> mRelativeSpeeds;
+    std::vector<float> mDirections;
+    // probabilities of skipping or mapping to a key for each point.
+    std::vector<hash_map_compat<int, float> > mCharProbabilities;
+    // The vector for the key code set which holds nearby keys for each sampled input point
+    // 1. Used to calculate the probability of the key
+    // 2. Used to calculate mSearchKeysVector
     std::vector<NearKeycodesSet> mNearKeysVector;
+    // The vector for the key code set which holds nearby keys of some trailing sampled input points
+    // for each sampled input point. These nearby keys contain the next characters which can be in
+    // the dictionary. Specifically, currently we are looking for keys nearby trailing sampled
+    // inputs including the current input point.
+    std::vector<NearKeycodesSet> mSearchKeysVector;
     bool mTouchPositionCorrectionEnabled;
-    int32_t mInputCodes[MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL * MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+    int mInputCodes[MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL * MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
     int mNormalizedSquaredDistances[MAX_PROXIMITY_CHARS_SIZE_INTERNAL * MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
     int mInputSize;
-    unsigned short mPrimaryInputWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+    int mPrimaryInputWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
 };
 } // namespace latinime
 #endif // LATINIME_PROXIMITY_INFO_STATE_H
diff --git a/native/jni/src/terminal_attributes.h b/native/jni/src/terminal_attributes.h
index e72e7e3..fed3c72 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/terminal_attributes.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/terminal_attributes.h
@@ -43,18 +43,16 @@
             return mHasNextShortcutTarget;
         }
 
-        // Gets the shortcut target itself as a uint16_t string. For parameters and return value
+        // Gets the shortcut target itself as an int string. For parameters and return value
         // see BinaryFormat::getWordAtAddress.
-        // TODO: make the output an uint32_t* to handle the whole unicode range.
-        inline int getNextShortcutTarget(const int maxDepth, uint16_t *outWord, int *outFreq) {
+        inline int getNextShortcutTarget(const int maxDepth, int *outWord, int *outFreq) {
             const int shortcutFlags = BinaryFormat::getFlagsAndForwardPointer(mDict, &mPos);
-            mHasNextShortcutTarget =
-                    0 != (shortcutFlags & BinaryFormat::FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT);
+            mHasNextShortcutTarget = 0 != (shortcutFlags & BinaryFormat::FLAG_ATTRIBUTE_HAS_NEXT);
             unsigned int i;
             for (i = 0; i < MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL; ++i) {
                 const int codePoint = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(mDict, &mPos);
                 if (NOT_A_CODE_POINT == codePoint) break;
-                outWord[i] = (uint16_t)codePoint;
+                outWord[i] = codePoint;
             }
             *outFreq = BinaryFormat::getAttributeFrequencyFromFlags(shortcutFlags);
             return i;
diff --git a/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.cpp b/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.cpp
index e3649bd..d134a47 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.cpp
+++ b/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.cpp
@@ -41,14 +41,11 @@
         { 'o', 'e', 0x0153 } }; // U+0153 : LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE
 
 // TODO: check the header
-UnigramDictionary::UnigramDictionary(const uint8_t *const streamStart, int typedLetterMultiplier,
-        int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords, const unsigned int flags)
-    : DICT_ROOT(streamStart), MAX_WORD_LENGTH(maxWordLength), MAX_WORDS(maxWords),
-    TYPED_LETTER_MULTIPLIER(typedLetterMultiplier), FULL_WORD_MULTIPLIER(fullWordMultiplier),
-      // TODO : remove this variable.
-    ROOT_POS(0),
-    BYTES_IN_ONE_CHAR(sizeof(int)),
-    MAX_DIGRAPH_SEARCH_DEPTH(DEFAULT_MAX_DIGRAPH_SEARCH_DEPTH), FLAGS(flags) {
+UnigramDictionary::UnigramDictionary(const uint8_t *const streamStart, int fullWordMultiplier,
+        int maxWordLength, int maxWords, const unsigned int flags)
+        : DICT_ROOT(streamStart), MAX_WORD_LENGTH(maxWordLength), MAX_WORDS(maxWords),
+          FULL_WORD_MULTIPLIER(fullWordMultiplier), // TODO : remove this variable.
+          ROOT_POS(0), MAX_DIGRAPH_SEARCH_DEPTH(DEFAULT_MAX_DIGRAPH_SEARCH_DEPTH), FLAGS(flags) {
     if (DEBUG_DICT) {
         AKLOGI("UnigramDictionary - constructor");
     }
@@ -57,13 +54,12 @@
 UnigramDictionary::~UnigramDictionary() {
 }
 
-static inline unsigned int getCodesBufferSize(const int *codes, const int codesSize) {
-    return static_cast<unsigned int>(sizeof(*codes)) * codesSize;
+static inline int getCodesBufferSize(const int *codes, const int codesSize) {
+    return sizeof(*codes) * codesSize;
 }
 
-// TODO: This needs to take a const unsigned short* and not tinker with its contents
-static inline void addWord(unsigned short *word, int length, int frequency,
-        WordsPriorityQueue *queue, int type) {
+// TODO: This needs to take a const int* and not tinker with its contents
+static void addWord(int *word, int length, int frequency, WordsPriorityQueue *queue, int type) {
     queue->push(frequency, word, length, type);
 }
 
@@ -105,6 +101,9 @@
         const int codesRemain, const int currentDepth, int *codesDest, Correction *correction,
         WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool,
         const digraph_t *const digraphs, const unsigned int digraphsSize) const {
+    assert(sizeof(codesDest[0]) == sizeof(codesSrc[0]));
+    assert(sizeof(xCoordinatesBuffer[0]) == sizeof(xcoordinates[0]));
+    assert(sizeof(yCoordinatesBuffer[0]) == sizeof(ycoordinates[0]));
 
     const int startIndex = static_cast<int>(codesDest - codesBuffer);
     if (currentDepth < MAX_DIGRAPH_SEARCH_DEPTH) {
@@ -125,9 +124,8 @@
                 // Make i the index of the second char of the digraph for simplicity. Forgetting
                 // to do that results in an infinite recursion so take care!
                 ++i;
-                memcpy(codesDest, codesSrc, i * BYTES_IN_ONE_CHAR);
-                codesDest[(i - 1) * (BYTES_IN_ONE_CHAR / sizeof(codesDest[0]))] =
-                        replacementCodePoint;
+                memcpy(codesDest, codesSrc, i * sizeof(codesDest[0]));
+                codesDest[i - 1] = replacementCodePoint;
                 getWordWithDigraphSuggestionsRec(proximityInfo, xcoordinates, ycoordinates,
                         codesBuffer, xCoordinatesBuffer, yCoordinatesBuffer, codesBufferSize,
                         bigramMap, bigramFilter, useFullEditDistance, codesSrc + i + 1,
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@
                 // Copy the second char of the digraph in place, then continue processing on
                 // the remaining part of the word.
                 // In our example, after "pru" in the buffer copy the "e", and continue on "fen"
-                memcpy(codesDest + i, codesSrc + i, BYTES_IN_ONE_CHAR);
+                memcpy(codesDest + i, codesSrc + i, sizeof(codesDest[0]));
                 getWordWithDigraphSuggestionsRec(proximityInfo, xcoordinates, ycoordinates,
                         codesBuffer, xCoordinatesBuffer, yCoordinatesBuffer, codesBufferSize,
                         bigramMap, bigramFilter, useFullEditDistance, codesSrc + i, codesRemain - i,
@@ -153,13 +151,13 @@
     // If the word contains several digraphs, we'll come it for the product of them.
     // eg. if the word is "ueberpruefen" we'll test, in order, against
     // "uberprufen", "uberpruefen", "ueberprufen", "ueberpruefen".
-    const unsigned int remainingBytes = BYTES_IN_ONE_CHAR * codesRemain;
+    const unsigned int remainingBytes = sizeof(codesDest[0]) * codesRemain;
     if (0 != remainingBytes) {
         memcpy(codesDest, codesSrc, remainingBytes);
         memcpy(&xCoordinatesBuffer[startIndex], &xcoordinates[codesBufferSize - codesRemain],
-                sizeof(int) * codesRemain);
+                sizeof(xCoordinatesBuffer[0]) * codesRemain);
         memcpy(&yCoordinatesBuffer[startIndex], &ycoordinates[codesBufferSize - codesRemain],
-                sizeof(int) * codesRemain);
+                sizeof(yCoordinatesBuffer[0]) * codesRemain);
     }
 
     getWordSuggestions(proximityInfo, xCoordinatesBuffer, yCoordinatesBuffer, codesBuffer,
@@ -173,9 +171,7 @@
 int UnigramDictionary::getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *xcoordinates,
         const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes, const int codesSize,
         const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap, const uint8_t *bigramFilter,
-        const bool useFullEditDistance, unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies,
-        int *outputTypes) const {
-
+        const bool useFullEditDistance, int *outWords, int *frequencies, int *outputTypes) const {
     WordsPriorityQueuePool queuePool(MAX_WORDS, SUB_QUEUE_MAX_WORDS, MAX_WORD_LENGTH);
     queuePool.clearAll();
     Correction masterCorrection;
@@ -188,8 +184,7 @@
         getWordWithDigraphSuggestionsRec(proximityInfo, xcoordinates, ycoordinates, codesBuffer,
                 xCoordinatesBuffer, yCoordinatesBuffer, codesSize, bigramMap, bigramFilter,
                 useFullEditDistance, codes, codesSize, 0, codesBuffer, &masterCorrection,
-                &queuePool, GERMAN_UMLAUT_DIGRAPHS,
-                sizeof(GERMAN_UMLAUT_DIGRAPHS) / sizeof(GERMAN_UMLAUT_DIGRAPHS[0]));
+                &queuePool, GERMAN_UMLAUT_DIGRAPHS, NELEMS(GERMAN_UMLAUT_DIGRAPHS));
     } else if (BinaryFormat::REQUIRES_FRENCH_LIGATURES_PROCESSING & FLAGS) {
         int codesBuffer[getCodesBufferSize(codes, codesSize)];
         int xCoordinatesBuffer[codesSize];
@@ -197,8 +192,7 @@
         getWordWithDigraphSuggestionsRec(proximityInfo, xcoordinates, ycoordinates, codesBuffer,
                 xCoordinatesBuffer, yCoordinatesBuffer, codesSize, bigramMap, bigramFilter,
                 useFullEditDistance, codes, codesSize, 0, codesBuffer, &masterCorrection,
-                &queuePool, FRENCH_LIGATURES_DIGRAPHS,
-                sizeof(FRENCH_LIGATURES_DIGRAPHS) / sizeof(FRENCH_LIGATURES_DIGRAPHS[0]));
+                &queuePool, FRENCH_LIGATURES_DIGRAPHS, NELEMS(FRENCH_LIGATURES_DIGRAPHS));
     } else { // Normal processing
         getWordSuggestions(proximityInfo, xcoordinates, ycoordinates, codes, codesSize,
                 bigramMap, bigramFilter, useFullEditDistance, &masterCorrection, &queuePool);
@@ -222,7 +216,7 @@
         AKLOGI("Returning %d words", suggestedWordsCount);
         /// Print the returned words
         for (int j = 0; j < suggestedWordsCount; ++j) {
-            short unsigned int *w = outWords + j * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
+            int *w = outWords + j * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
             char s[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
             for (int i = 0; i <= MAX_WORD_LENGTH; i++) s[i] = w[i];
             (void)s; // To suppress compiler warning
@@ -234,12 +228,11 @@
     return suggestedWordsCount;
 }
 
-void UnigramDictionary::getWordSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo,
-        const int *xcoordinates, const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes,
-        const int inputSize, const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap, const uint8_t *bigramFilter,
-        const bool useFullEditDistance, Correction *correction,
-        WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool) const {
-
+void UnigramDictionary::getWordSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *xcoordinates,
+        const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes, const int inputSize,
+        const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap, const uint8_t *bigramFilter,
+        const bool useFullEditDistance, Correction *correction, WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool)
+        const {
     PROF_OPEN;
     PROF_START(0);
     PROF_END(0);
@@ -288,7 +281,7 @@
             if (queue->size() > 0) {
                 WordsPriorityQueue::SuggestedWord *sw = queue->top();
                 const int score = sw->mScore;
-                const unsigned short *word = sw->mWord;
+                const int *word = sw->mWord;
                 const int wordLength = sw->mWordLength;
                 float ns = Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(
                         correction->getPrimaryInputWord(), i, word, wordLength, score);
@@ -307,15 +300,13 @@
         Correction *correction) const {
     if (DEBUG_DICT) {
         AKLOGI("initSuggest");
-        DUMP_WORD_INT(codes, inputSize);
+        DUMP_WORD(codes, inputSize);
     }
     correction->initInputParams(proximityInfo, codes, inputSize, xCoordinates, yCoordinates);
     const int maxDepth = min(inputSize * MAX_DEPTH_MULTIPLIER, MAX_WORD_LENGTH);
     correction->initCorrection(proximityInfo, inputSize, maxDepth);
 }
 
-static const char SPACE = ' ';
-
 void UnigramDictionary::getOneWordSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo,
         const int *xcoordinates, const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes,
         const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap, const uint8_t *bigramFilter,
@@ -374,7 +365,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-inline void UnigramDictionary::onTerminal(const int probability,
+void UnigramDictionary::onTerminal(const int probability,
         const TerminalAttributes& terminalAttributes, Correction *correction,
         WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool, const bool addToMasterQueue,
         const int currentWordIndex) const {
@@ -382,7 +373,7 @@
     const bool addToSubQueue = inputIndex < SUB_QUEUE_MAX_COUNT;
 
     int wordLength;
-    unsigned short *wordPointer;
+    int *wordPointer;
 
     if ((currentWordIndex == FIRST_WORD_INDEX) && addToMasterQueue) {
         WordsPriorityQueue *masterQueue = queuePool->getMasterQueue();
@@ -410,7 +401,7 @@
             // so that the insert order is protected inside the queue for words
             // with the same score. For the moment we use -1 to make sure the shortcut will
             // never be in front of the word.
-            uint16_t shortcutTarget[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+            int shortcutTarget[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
             int shortcutFrequency;
             const int shortcutTargetStringLength = iterator.getNextShortcutTarget(
                     MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL, shortcutTarget, &shortcutFrequency);
@@ -450,7 +441,7 @@
         const bool hasAutoCorrectionCandidate, const int currentWordIndex,
         const int inputWordStartPos, const int inputWordLength,
         const int outputWordStartPos, const bool isSpaceProximity, int *freqArray,
-        int *wordLengthArray, unsigned short *outputWord, int *outputWordLength) const {
+        int *wordLengthArray, int *outputWord, int *outputWordLength) const {
     if (inputWordLength > MULTIPLE_WORDS_SUGGESTION_MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
         return FLAG_MULTIPLE_SUGGEST_ABORT;
     }
@@ -493,13 +484,13 @@
     // TODO: Remove the safety net above        //
     //////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-    unsigned short *tempOutputWord = 0;
+    int *tempOutputWord = 0;
     int nextWordLength = 0;
     // TODO: Optimize init suggestion
     initSuggestions(proximityInfo, xcoordinates, ycoordinates, codes,
             inputSize, correction);
 
-    unsigned short word[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+    int word[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
     int freq = getMostFrequentWordLike(
             inputWordStartPos, inputWordLength, correction, word);
     if (freq > 0) {
@@ -570,7 +561,7 @@
         if (outputWordStartPos + nextWordLength >= MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
             return FLAG_MULTIPLE_SUGGEST_SKIP;
         }
-        outputWord[tempOutputWordLength] = SPACE;
+        outputWord[tempOutputWordLength] = KEYCODE_SPACE;
         if (outputWordLength) {
             ++*outputWordLength;
         }
@@ -598,7 +589,7 @@
         const bool useFullEditDistance, const int inputSize, Correction *correction,
         WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool, const bool hasAutoCorrectionCandidate,
         const int startInputPos, const int startWordIndex, const int outputWordLength,
-        int *freqArray, int *wordLengthArray, unsigned short *outputWord) const {
+        int *freqArray, int *wordLengthArray, int *outputWord) const {
     if (startWordIndex >= (MULTIPLE_WORDS_SUGGESTION_MAX_WORDS - 1)) {
         // Return if the last word index
         return;
@@ -684,7 +675,7 @@
     }
 
     // Allocating fixed length array on stack
-    unsigned short outputWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
+    int outputWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH];
     int freqArray[MULTIPLE_WORDS_SUGGESTION_MAX_WORDS];
     int wordLengthArray[MULTIPLE_WORDS_SUGGESTION_MAX_WORDS];
     const int outputWordLength = 0;
@@ -698,12 +689,11 @@
 
 // Wrapper for getMostFrequentWordLikeInner, which matches it to the previous
 // interface.
-inline int UnigramDictionary::getMostFrequentWordLike(const int startInputIndex,
-        const int inputSize, Correction *correction, unsigned short *word) const {
-    uint16_t inWord[inputSize];
-
+int UnigramDictionary::getMostFrequentWordLike(const int startInputIndex, const int inputSize,
+        Correction *correction, int *word) const {
+    int inWord[inputSize];
     for (int i = 0; i < inputSize; ++i) {
-        inWord[i] = (uint16_t)correction->getPrimaryCharAt(startInputIndex + i);
+        inWord[i] = correction->getPrimaryCodePointAt(startInputIndex + i);
     }
     return getMostFrequentWordLikeInner(inWord, inputSize, word);
 }
@@ -721,14 +711,14 @@
 // In and out parameters may point to the same location. This function takes care
 // not to use any input parameters after it wrote into its outputs.
 static inline bool testCharGroupForContinuedLikeness(const uint8_t flags,
-        const uint8_t *const root, const int startPos, const uint16_t *const inWord,
-        const int startInputIndex, const int inputSize, int32_t *outNewWord, int *outInputIndex,
+        const uint8_t *const root, const int startPos, const int *const inWord,
+        const int startInputIndex, const int inputSize, int *outNewWord, int *outInputIndex,
         int *outPos) {
     const bool hasMultipleChars = (0 != (BinaryFormat::FLAG_HAS_MULTIPLE_CHARS & flags));
     int pos = startPos;
-    int32_t codePoint = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
-    int32_t baseChar = toBaseLowerCase(codePoint);
-    const uint16_t wChar = toBaseLowerCase(inWord[startInputIndex]);
+    int codePoint = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(root, &pos);
+    int baseChar = toBaseLowerCase(codePoint);
+    const int wChar = toBaseLowerCase(inWord[startInputIndex]);
 
     if (baseChar != wChar) {
         *outPos = hasMultipleChars ? BinaryFormat::skipOtherCharacters(root, pos) : pos;
@@ -759,8 +749,8 @@
 // It will compare the frequency to the max frequency, and if greater, will
 // copy the word into the output buffer. In output value maxFreq, it will
 // write the new maximum frequency if it changed.
-static inline void onTerminalWordLike(const int freq, int32_t *newWord, const int length,
-        short unsigned int *outWord, int *maxFreq) {
+static inline void onTerminalWordLike(const int freq, int *newWord, const int length, int *outWord,
+        int *maxFreq) {
     if (freq > *maxFreq) {
         for (int q = 0; q < length; ++q) {
             outWord[q] = newWord[q];
@@ -772,9 +762,9 @@
 
 // Will find the highest frequency of the words like the one passed as an argument,
 // that is, everything that only differs by case/accents.
-int UnigramDictionary::getMostFrequentWordLikeInner(const uint16_t *const inWord,
-        const int inputSize, short unsigned int *outWord) const {
-    int32_t newWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+int UnigramDictionary::getMostFrequentWordLikeInner(const int *const inWord, const int inputSize,
+        int *outWord) const {
+    int newWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
     int depth = 0;
     int maxFreq = -1;
     const uint8_t *const root = DICT_ROOT;
@@ -834,7 +824,7 @@
     return maxFreq;
 }
 
-int UnigramDictionary::getFrequency(const int32_t *const inWord, const int length) const {
+int UnigramDictionary::getFrequency(const int *const inWord, const int length) const {
     const uint8_t *const root = DICT_ROOT;
     int pos = BinaryFormat::getTerminalPosition(root, inWord, length,
             false /* forceLowerCaseSearch */);
@@ -859,8 +849,7 @@
 }
 
 // TODO: remove this function.
-int UnigramDictionary::getBigramPosition(int pos, unsigned short *word, int offset,
-        int length) const {
+int UnigramDictionary::getBigramPosition(int pos, int *word, int offset, int length) const {
     return -1;
 }
 
@@ -878,7 +867,7 @@
 // there aren't any more nodes at this level, it merely returns the address of the first byte after
 // the current node in nextSiblingPosition. Thus, the caller must keep count of the nodes at any
 // given level, as output into newCount when traversing this level's parent.
-inline bool UnigramDictionary::processCurrentNode(const int initialPos,
+bool UnigramDictionary::processCurrentNode(const int initialPos,
         const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap, const uint8_t *bigramFilter, Correction *correction,
         int *newCount, int *newChildrenPosition, int *nextSiblingPosition,
         WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool, const int currentWordIndex) const {
@@ -906,7 +895,7 @@
     // else if FLAG_IS_TERMINAL: the frequency
     // else if MASK_GROUP_ADDRESS_TYPE is not NONE: the children address
     // Note that you can't have a node that both is not a terminal and has no children.
-    int32_t c = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(DICT_ROOT, &pos);
+    int c = BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(DICT_ROOT, &pos);
     assert(NOT_A_CODE_POINT != c);
 
     // We are going to loop through each character and make it look like it's a different
@@ -920,7 +909,7 @@
         // We prefetch the next char. If 'c' is the last char of this node, we will have
         // NOT_A_CODE_POINT in the next char. From this we can decide whether this virtual node
         // should behave as a terminal or not and whether we have children.
-        const int32_t nextc = hasMultipleChars
+        const int nextc = hasMultipleChars
                 ? BinaryFormat::getCodePointAndForwardPointer(DICT_ROOT, &pos) : NOT_A_CODE_POINT;
         const bool isLastChar = (NOT_A_CODE_POINT == nextc);
         // If there are more chars in this nodes, then this virtual node is not a terminal.
diff --git a/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.h b/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.h
index 57129bb..248b09d 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/unigram_dictionary.h
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@
     static const int FLAG_MULTIPLE_SUGGEST_ABORT = 0;
     static const int FLAG_MULTIPLE_SUGGEST_SKIP = 1;
     static const int FLAG_MULTIPLE_SUGGEST_CONTINUE = 2;
-    UnigramDictionary(const uint8_t *const streamStart, int typedLetterMultipler,
-            int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength, int maxWords, const unsigned int flags);
-    int getFrequency(const int32_t *const inWord, const int length) const;
-    int getBigramPosition(int pos, unsigned short *word, int offset, int length) const;
+    UnigramDictionary(const uint8_t *const streamStart, int fullWordMultiplier, int maxWordLength,
+            int maxWords, const unsigned int flags);
+    int getFrequency(const int *const inWord, const int length) const;
+    int getBigramPosition(int pos, int *word, int offset, int length) const;
     int getSuggestions(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *xcoordinates,
             const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes, const int codesSize,
             const std::map<int, int> *bigramMap, const uint8_t *bigramFilter,
-            const bool useFullEditDistance, unsigned short *outWords, int *frequencies,
+            const bool useFullEditDistance, int *outWords, int *frequencies,
             int *outputTypes) const;
     virtual ~UnigramDictionary();
 
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@
             int *newChildPosition, int *nextSiblingPosition, WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool,
             const int currentWordIndex) const;
     int getMostFrequentWordLike(const int startInputIndex, const int inputSize,
-            Correction *correction, unsigned short *word) const;
-    int getMostFrequentWordLikeInner(const uint16_t *const inWord, const int inputSize,
-            short unsigned int *outWord) const;
+            Correction *correction, int *word) const;
+    int getMostFrequentWordLikeInner(const int *const inWord, const int inputSize,
+            int *outWord) const;
     int getSubStringSuggestion(
             ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *xcoordinates, const int *ycoordinates,
             const int *codes, const bool useFullEditDistance, Correction *correction,
@@ -103,22 +103,19 @@
             const bool hasAutoCorrectionCandidate, const int currentWordIndex,
             const int inputWordStartPos, const int inputWordLength,
             const int outputWordStartPos, const bool isSpaceProximity, int *freqArray,
-            int *wordLengthArray, unsigned short *outputWord, int *outputWordLength) const;
-    void getMultiWordsSuggestionRec(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo,
-            const int *xcoordinates, const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes,
-            const bool useFullEditDistance, const int inputSize,
-            Correction *correction, WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool,
+            int *wordLengthArray, int *outputWord, int *outputWordLength) const;
+    void getMultiWordsSuggestionRec(ProximityInfo *proximityInfo, const int *xcoordinates,
+            const int *ycoordinates, const int *codes, const bool useFullEditDistance,
+            const int inputSize, Correction *correction, WordsPriorityQueuePool *queuePool,
             const bool hasAutoCorrectionCandidate, const int startPos, const int startWordIndex,
             const int outputWordLength, int *freqArray, int *wordLengthArray,
-            unsigned short *outputWord) const;
+            int *outputWord) const;
 
     const uint8_t *const DICT_ROOT;
     const int MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
     const int MAX_WORDS;
-    const int TYPED_LETTER_MULTIPLIER;
     const int FULL_WORD_MULTIPLIER;
     const int ROOT_POS;
-    const unsigned int BYTES_IN_ONE_CHAR;
     const int MAX_DIGRAPH_SEARCH_DEPTH;
     const int FLAGS;
 
diff --git a/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.cpp b/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e18d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "words_priority_queue.h"
+
+namespace latinime {
+
+int WordsPriorityQueue::outputSuggestions(const int *before, const int beforeLength,
+        int *frequencies, int *outputCodePoints, int* outputTypes) {
+    mHighestSuggestedWord = 0;
+    const int size = min(MAX_WORDS, static_cast<int>(mSuggestions.size()));
+    SuggestedWord *swBuffer[size];
+    int index = size - 1;
+    while (!mSuggestions.empty() && index >= 0) {
+        SuggestedWord *sw = mSuggestions.top();
+        if (DEBUG_WORDS_PRIORITY_QUEUE) {
+            AKLOGI("dump word. %d", sw->mScore);
+            DUMP_WORD(sw->mWord, sw->mWordLength);
+        }
+        swBuffer[index] = sw;
+        mSuggestions.pop();
+        --index;
+    }
+    if (size >= 2) {
+        SuggestedWord *nsMaxSw = 0;
+        int maxIndex = 0;
+        float maxNs = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+            SuggestedWord *tempSw = swBuffer[i];
+            if (!tempSw) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const float tempNs = getNormalizedScore(tempSw, before, beforeLength, 0, 0, 0);
+            if (tempNs >= maxNs) {
+                maxNs = tempNs;
+                maxIndex = i;
+                nsMaxSw = tempSw;
+            }
+        }
+        if (maxIndex > 0 && nsMaxSw) {
+            memmove(&swBuffer[1], &swBuffer[0], maxIndex * sizeof(swBuffer[0]));
+            swBuffer[0] = nsMaxSw;
+        }
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+        SuggestedWord *sw = swBuffer[i];
+        if (!sw) {
+            AKLOGE("SuggestedWord is null %d", i);
+            continue;
+        }
+        const int wordLength = sw->mWordLength;
+        int *targetAddress = outputCodePoints + i * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
+        frequencies[i] = sw->mScore;
+        outputTypes[i] = sw->mType;
+        memcpy(targetAddress, sw->mWord, wordLength * sizeof(targetAddress[0]));
+        if (wordLength < MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
+            targetAddress[wordLength] = 0;
+        }
+        sw->mUsed = false;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+} // namespace latinime
diff --git a/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.h b/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.h
index 19efa5d..7d0c4d1 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue.h
@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@
     class SuggestedWord {
     public:
         int mScore;
-        unsigned short mWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
+        int mWord[MAX_WORD_LENGTH_INTERNAL];
         int mWordLength;
         bool mUsed;
         int mType;
 
-        void setParams(int score, unsigned short *word, int wordLength, int type) {
+        void setParams(int score, int *word, int wordLength, int type) {
             mScore = score;
             mWordLength = wordLength;
-            memcpy(mWord, word, sizeof(unsigned short) * wordLength);
+            memcpy(mWord, word, sizeof(mWord[0]) * wordLength);
             mUsed = true;
             mType = type;
         }
@@ -53,13 +53,14 @@
         }
     }
 
-    virtual ~WordsPriorityQueue() {
+    // Non virtual inline destructor -- never inherit this class
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE ~WordsPriorityQueue() {
         delete[] mSuggestedWords;
     }
 
-    void push(int score, unsigned short *word, int wordLength, int type) {
+    void push(int score, int *word, int wordLength, int type) {
         SuggestedWord *sw = 0;
-        if (mSuggestions.size() >= MAX_WORDS) {
+        if (size() >= MAX_WORDS) {
             sw = mSuggestions.top();
             const int minScore = sw->mScore;
             if (minScore >= score) {
@@ -94,68 +95,11 @@
         return sw;
     }
 
-    int outputSuggestions(const unsigned short *before, const int beforeLength,
-            int *frequencies, unsigned short *outputChars, int* outputTypes) {
-        mHighestSuggestedWord = 0;
-        const unsigned int size = min(
-              MAX_WORDS, static_cast<unsigned int>(mSuggestions.size()));
-        SuggestedWord *swBuffer[size];
-        int index = size - 1;
-        while (!mSuggestions.empty() && index >= 0) {
-            SuggestedWord *sw = mSuggestions.top();
-            if (DEBUG_WORDS_PRIORITY_QUEUE) {
-                AKLOGI("dump word. %d", sw->mScore);
-                DUMP_WORD(sw->mWord, sw->mWordLength);
-            }
-            swBuffer[index] = sw;
-            mSuggestions.pop();
-            --index;
-        }
-        if (size >= 2) {
-            SuggestedWord *nsMaxSw = 0;
-            unsigned int maxIndex = 0;
-            float maxNs = 0;
-            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-                SuggestedWord *tempSw = swBuffer[i];
-                if (!tempSw) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                const float tempNs = getNormalizedScore(tempSw, before, beforeLength, 0, 0, 0);
-                if (tempNs >= maxNs) {
-                    maxNs = tempNs;
-                    maxIndex = i;
-                    nsMaxSw = tempSw;
-                }
-            }
-            if (maxIndex > 0 && nsMaxSw) {
-                memmove(&swBuffer[1], &swBuffer[0], maxIndex * sizeof(SuggestedWord *));
-                swBuffer[0] = nsMaxSw;
-            }
-        }
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-            SuggestedWord *sw = swBuffer[i];
-            if (!sw) {
-                AKLOGE("SuggestedWord is null %d", i);
-                continue;
-            }
-            const unsigned int wordLength = sw->mWordLength;
-            unsigned short *targetAddress = outputChars + i * MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
-            frequencies[i] = sw->mScore;
-            outputTypes[i] = sw->mType;
-            memcpy(targetAddress, sw->mWord, wordLength * sizeof(unsigned short));
-            if (wordLength < MAX_WORD_LENGTH) {
-                targetAddress[wordLength] = 0;
-            }
-            sw->mUsed = false;
-        }
-        return size;
-    }
-
     int size() const {
-        return mSuggestions.size();
+        return static_cast<int>(mSuggestions.size());
     }
 
-    void clear() {
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE void clear() {
         mHighestSuggestedWord = 0;
         while (!mSuggestions.empty()) {
             SuggestedWord *sw = mSuggestions.top();
@@ -175,15 +119,18 @@
         DUMP_WORD(mHighestSuggestedWord->mWord, mHighestSuggestedWord->mWordLength);
     }
 
-    float getHighestNormalizedScore(const unsigned short *before, const int beforeLength,
-            unsigned short **outWord, int *outScore, int *outLength) {
+    float getHighestNormalizedScore(const int *before, const int beforeLength, int **outWord,
+            int *outScore, int *outLength) {
         if (!mHighestSuggestedWord) {
             return 0.0;
         }
-        return getNormalizedScore(
-                mHighestSuggestedWord, before, beforeLength, outWord, outScore, outLength);
+        return getNormalizedScore(mHighestSuggestedWord, before, beforeLength, outWord, outScore,
+                outLength);
     }
 
+    int outputSuggestions(const int *before, const int beforeLength, int *frequencies,
+            int *outputCodePoints, int* outputTypes);
+
  private:
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(WordsPriorityQueue);
     struct wordComparator {
@@ -192,9 +139,8 @@
         }
     };
 
-    SuggestedWord *getFreeSuggestedWord(int score, unsigned short *word,
-            int wordLength, int type) {
-        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < MAX_WORD_LENGTH; ++i) {
+    SuggestedWord *getFreeSuggestedWord(int score, int *word, int wordLength, int type) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_WORD_LENGTH; ++i) {
             if (!mSuggestedWords[i].mUsed) {
                 mSuggestedWords[i].setParams(score, word, wordLength, type);
                 return &mSuggestedWords[i];
@@ -203,10 +149,10 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    static float getNormalizedScore(SuggestedWord *sw, const unsigned short *before,
-            const int beforeLength, unsigned short **outWord, int *outScore, int *outLength) {
+    static float getNormalizedScore(SuggestedWord *sw, const int *before, const int beforeLength,
+            int **outWord, int *outScore, int *outLength) {
         const int score = sw->mScore;
-        unsigned short *word = sw->mWord;
+        int *word = sw->mWord;
         const int wordLength = sw->mWordLength;
         if (outScore) {
             *outScore = score;
@@ -217,15 +163,15 @@
         if (outLength) {
             *outLength = wordLength;
         }
-        return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(
-                before, beforeLength, word, wordLength, score);
+        return Correction::RankingAlgorithm::calcNormalizedScore(before, beforeLength, word,
+                wordLength, score);
     }
 
     typedef std::priority_queue<SuggestedWord *, std::vector<SuggestedWord *>,
             wordComparator> Suggestions;
     Suggestions mSuggestions;
-    const unsigned int MAX_WORDS;
-    const unsigned int MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
+    const int MAX_WORDS;
+    const int MAX_WORD_LENGTH;
     SuggestedWord *mSuggestedWords;
     SuggestedWord *mHighestSuggestedWord;
 };
diff --git a/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue_pool.h b/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue_pool.h
index 2d52903..c14afa0 100644
--- a/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue_pool.h
+++ b/native/jni/src/words_priority_queue_pool.h
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    virtual ~WordsPriorityQueuePool() {
+    // Non virtual inline destructor -- never inherit this class
+    ~WordsPriorityQueuePool() {
         // Note: these explicit calls to the destructor match the calls to placement new() above.
         if (mMasterQueue) mMasterQueue->~WordsPriorityQueue();
         for (int i = 0; i < MULTIPLE_WORDS_SUGGESTION_MAX_WORDS * SUB_QUEUE_MAX_COUNT; ++i) {
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    inline void clearSubQueue(const int wordIndex) {
+    AK_FORCE_INLINE void clearSubQueue(const int wordIndex) {
         for (int i = 0; i < SUB_QUEUE_MAX_COUNT; ++i) {
             WordsPriorityQueue *queue = getSubQueue(wordIndex, i);
             if (queue) {
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParserTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParserTests.java
index 1ab5775..5bba961 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParserTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeySpecParserTests.java
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal;
 
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
-import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard.CODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 import static com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.internal.KeyboardIconsSet.ICON_UNDEFINED;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+import static com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.CODE_UNSPECIFIED;
 
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Locale;
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@
                 KeyboardIconsSet.getIconName(expectedIcon),
                 KeyboardIconsSet.getIconName(spec.mIconId));
         assertEquals(message + " [code]",
-                Keyboard.printableCode(expectedCode),
-                Keyboard.printableCode(spec.mCode));
+                Constants.printableCode(expectedCode),
+                Constants.printableCode(spec.mCode));
     }
 
     private void assertParserError(String message, String moreKeySpec, String expectedLabel,
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardStateTestsBase.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardStateTestsBase.java
index 2770ed5..c75f826 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardStateTestsBase.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardStateTestsBase.java
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 
 public class KeyboardStateTestsBase extends AndroidTestCase
-        implements MockKeyboardSwitcher.Constants {
+        implements MockKeyboardSwitcher.MockConstants {
     protected MockKeyboardSwitcher mSwitcher;
 
     private String mLayoutSwitchBackSymbols = "";
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MockKeyboardSwitcher.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MockKeyboardSwitcher.java
index dd4caad..0213744 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MockKeyboardSwitcher.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/MockKeyboardSwitcher.java
@@ -18,25 +18,24 @@
 
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants;
 
 public class MockKeyboardSwitcher implements KeyboardState.SwitchActions {
-    public interface Constants {
+    public interface MockConstants {
         // Argument for {@link KeyboardState#onPressKey} and {@link KeyboardState#onReleaseKey}.
         public static final boolean NOT_SLIDING = false;
         public static final boolean SLIDING = true;
         // Argument for {@link KeyboardState#onCodeInput}.
         public static final boolean SINGLE = true;
         public static final boolean MULTI = false;
-        public static final int CAP_MODE_OFF =
-                com.android.inputmethod.latin.Constants.TextUtils.CAP_MODE_OFF;
+        public static final int CAP_MODE_OFF = Constants.TextUtils.CAP_MODE_OFF;
         public static final int CAP_MODE_WORDS = TextUtils.CAP_MODE_WORDS;
         public static final int CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS = TextUtils.CAP_MODE_CHARACTERS;
 
-        public static final int CODE_SHIFT = Keyboard.CODE_SHIFT;
-        public static final int CODE_SYMBOL = Keyboard.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL;
-        public static final int CODE_SPACE = Keyboard.CODE_SPACE;
-        public static final int CODE_AUTO_CAPS_TRIGGER = Keyboard.CODE_SPACE;
+        public static final int CODE_SHIFT = Constants.CODE_SHIFT;
+        public static final int CODE_SYMBOL = Constants.CODE_SWITCH_ALPHA_SYMBOL;
+        public static final int CODE_SPACE = Constants.CODE_SPACE;
+        public static final int CODE_AUTO_CAPS_TRIGGER = Constants.CODE_SPACE;
 
         public static final int ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED = 0;
         public static final int ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED = 1;
@@ -47,11 +46,11 @@
         public static final int SYMBOLS_SHIFTED = 6;
     }
 
-    private int mLayout = Constants.ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED;
+    private int mLayout = MockConstants.ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED;
 
-    private int mAutoCapsMode = Constants.CAP_MODE_OFF;
+    private int mAutoCapsMode = MockConstants.CAP_MODE_OFF;
     // Following InputConnection's behavior. Simulating InputType.TYPE_TEXT_FLAG_CAP_WORDS.
-    private int mAutoCapsState = Constants.CAP_MODE_OFF;
+    private int mAutoCapsState = MockConstants.CAP_MODE_OFF;
 
     private boolean mIsInDoubleTapTimeout;
     private int mLongPressTimeoutCode;
@@ -64,13 +63,13 @@
 
     public static String getLayoutName(int layoutId) {
         switch (layoutId) {
-        case Constants.ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED";
-        case Constants.ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED";
-        case Constants.ALPHABET_AUTOMATIC_SHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_AUTOMATIC_SHIFTED";
-        case Constants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCKED: return "ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCKED";
-        case Constants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCK_SHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCK_SHIFTED";
-        case Constants.SYMBOLS_UNSHIFTED: return "SYMBOLS_UNSHIFTED";
-        case Constants.SYMBOLS_SHIFTED: return "SYMBOLS_SHIFTED";
+        case MockConstants.ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED";
+        case MockConstants.ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED";
+        case MockConstants.ALPHABET_AUTOMATIC_SHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_AUTOMATIC_SHIFTED";
+        case MockConstants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCKED: return "ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCKED";
+        case MockConstants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCK_SHIFTED: return "ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCK_SHIFTED";
+        case MockConstants.SYMBOLS_UNSHIFTED: return "SYMBOLS_UNSHIFTED";
+        case MockConstants.SYMBOLS_SHIFTED: return "SYMBOLS_SHIFTED";
         default: return "UNKNOWN<" + layoutId + ">";
         }
     }
@@ -86,37 +85,37 @@
 
     @Override
     public void setAlphabetKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.ALPHABET_UNSHIFTED;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setAlphabetManualShiftedKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.ALPHABET_MANUAL_SHIFTED;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setAlphabetAutomaticShiftedKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.ALPHABET_AUTOMATIC_SHIFTED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.ALPHABET_AUTOMATIC_SHIFTED;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setAlphabetShiftLockedKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCKED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCKED;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setAlphabetShiftLockShiftedKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCK_SHIFTED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.ALPHABET_SHIFT_LOCK_SHIFTED;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setSymbolsKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.SYMBOLS_UNSHIFTED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.SYMBOLS_UNSHIFTED;
     }
 
     @Override
     public void setSymbolsShiftedKeyboard() {
-        mLayout = Constants.SYMBOLS_SHIFTED;
+        mLayout = MockConstants.SYMBOLS_SHIFTED;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -186,10 +185,10 @@
     }
 
     public void onCodeInput(int code, boolean isSinglePointer) {
-        if (mAutoCapsMode == Constants.CAP_MODE_WORDS) {
-            if (Keyboard.isLetterCode(code)) {
-                mAutoCapsState = (code == Constants.CODE_AUTO_CAPS_TRIGGER)
-                        ? mAutoCapsMode : Constants.CAP_MODE_OFF;
+        if (mAutoCapsMode == MockConstants.CAP_MODE_WORDS) {
+            if (Constants.isLetterCode(code)) {
+                mAutoCapsState = (code == MockConstants.CODE_AUTO_CAPS_TRIGGER)
+                        ? mAutoCapsMode : MockConstants.CAP_MODE_OFF;
             }
         } else {
             mAutoCapsState = mAutoCapsMode;
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BlueUnderlineTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BlueUnderlineTests.java
index a9947c1..02047cf 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BlueUnderlineTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/BlueUnderlineTests.java
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
-
 import android.text.style.SuggestionSpan;
 import android.text.style.UnderlineSpan;
 
@@ -67,13 +65,13 @@
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         runMessages();
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_SPACE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_SPACE);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         runMessages();
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         runMessages();
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         runMessages();
         final SpanGetter suggestionSpan = new SpanGetter(mTextView.getText(), SuggestionSpan.class);
@@ -88,17 +86,19 @@
 
     public void testBlueUnderlineDisappearsWhenCursorMoved() {
         final String STRING_TO_TYPE = "tgis";
+        final int typedLength = STRING_TO_TYPE.length();
         final int NEW_CURSOR_POSITION = 0;
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         // Simulate the onUpdateSelection() event
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, typedLength, typedLength, -1, -1);
         runMessages();
         // Here the blue underline has been set. testBlueUnderline() is testing for this already,
         // so let's not test it here again.
         // Now simulate the user moving the cursor.
         mInputConnection.setSelection(NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION);
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, -1, -1);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(typedLength, typedLength,
+                NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, -1, -1);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         runMessages();
         final SpanGetter span = new SpanGetter(mTextView.getText(), SuggestionSpan.class);
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTests.java
index 38e57aa..38f5305 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTests.java
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
 
-import com.android.inputmethod.keyboard.Keyboard;
-
 public class InputLogicTests extends InputTestsBase {
 
     public void testTypeWord() {
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@
         type(WORD_TO_TYPE);
         pickSuggestionManually(0, WORD_TO_TYPE);
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("press suggestion then backspace", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
         assertEquals("pick typed word over auto-correction then backspace", WORD_TO_PICK,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("pick typed word over auto-correction then backspace", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -63,7 +61,7 @@
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
         assertEquals("pick typed word over auto-correction then backspace", WORD_TO_TYPE,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("pick typed word over auto-correction then backspace", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -79,13 +77,14 @@
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), WORD_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
         assertEquals("pick different suggestion then backspace", WORD_TO_PICK,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("pick different suggestion then backspace", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
 
     public void testDeleteSelection() {
         final String STRING_TO_TYPE = "some text delete me some text";
+        final int typedLength = STRING_TO_TYPE.length();
         final int SELECTION_START = 10;
         final int SELECTION_END = 19;
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "some text  some text";
@@ -94,11 +93,12 @@
         // Send once to simulate the cursor actually responding to the move caused by typing.
         // This is necessary because LatinIME is bookkeeping to avoid confusing a real cursor
         // move with a move triggered by LatinIME inputting stuff.
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, typedLength, typedLength, -1, -1);
         mInputConnection.setSelection(SELECTION_START, SELECTION_END);
         // And now we simulate the user actually selecting some text.
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, SELECTION_START, SELECTION_END, -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(typedLength, typedLength,
+                SELECTION_START, SELECTION_END, -1, -1);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("delete selection", EXPECTED_RESULT, mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
 
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "tgis.";
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("auto-correct with period then revert", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "tgis ";
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("auto-correct with space then revert", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "this";
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
         mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("auto-correct with space does not revert", EXPECTED_RESULT,
                 mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -157,32 +157,36 @@
         final String STRING_TO_TYPE = "this  ";
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "this  ";
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("double space make a period", EXPECTED_RESULT, mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
 
     public void testBackspaceAtStartAfterAutocorrect() {
         final String STRING_TO_TYPE = "tgis ";
+        final int typedLength = STRING_TO_TYPE.length();
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "this ";
         final int NEW_CURSOR_POSITION = 0;
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, typedLength, typedLength, -1, -1);
         mInputConnection.setSelection(NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION);
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(typedLength, typedLength,
+                NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, -1, -1);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("auto correct then move cursor to start of line then backspace",
                 EXPECTED_RESULT, mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
 
     public void testAutoCorrectThenMoveCursorThenBackspace() {
         final String STRING_TO_TYPE = "and tgis ";
+        final int typedLength = STRING_TO_TYPE.length();
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "andthis ";
         final int NEW_CURSOR_POSITION = STRING_TO_TYPE.indexOf('t');
         type(STRING_TO_TYPE);
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), STRING_TO_TYPE.length(), -1, -1);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, typedLength, typedLength, -1, -1);
         mInputConnection.setSelection(NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION);
-        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(0, 0, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, -1, -1);
-        type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+        mLatinIME.onUpdateSelection(typedLength, typedLength,
+                NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, NEW_CURSOR_POSITION, -1, -1);
+        type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         assertEquals("auto correct then move cursor then backspace",
                 EXPECTED_RESULT, mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
@@ -258,7 +262,7 @@
         final String WORD_TO_TYPE = "this";
         type(WORD_TO_TYPE);
         for (int i = 0; i < WORD_TO_TYPE.length(); ++i) {
-            type(Keyboard.CODE_DELETE);
+            type(Constants.CODE_DELETE);
         }
         assertEquals("delete whole composing word", "", mTextView.getText().toString());
     }
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTestsNonEnglish.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTestsNonEnglish.java
index 78143ac..42823f5 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTestsNonEnglish.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputLogicTestsNonEnglish.java
@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.suggestions.SuggestionStripView;
+
 public class InputLogicTestsNonEnglish extends InputTestsBase {
+    final String NEXT_WORD_PREDICTION_OPTION = "next_word_prediction";
 
     public void testAutoCorrectForFrench() {
         final String STRING_TO_TYPE = "irq ";
@@ -43,16 +46,40 @@
         final String WORD_TO_TYPE = "test ";
         final String PUNCTUATION_FROM_STRIP = "!";
         final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "test !!";
+        final boolean defaultNextWordPredictionOption =
+                mLatinIME.getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.config_default_next_word_prediction);
+        final boolean previousNextWordPredictionOption =
+                setBooleanPreference(NEXT_WORD_PREDICTION_OPTION, false,
+                        defaultNextWordPredictionOption);
+        try {
+            changeLanguage("fr");
+            type(WORD_TO_TYPE);
+            sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
+            runMessages();
+            assertTrue("type word then type space should display punctuation strip",
+                    mLatinIME.isShowingPunctuationList());
+            pickSuggestionManually(0, PUNCTUATION_FROM_STRIP);
+            pickSuggestionManually(0, PUNCTUATION_FROM_STRIP);
+            assertEquals("type word then type space then punctuation from strip twice for French",
+                    EXPECTED_RESULT, mTextView.getText().toString());
+        } finally {
+            setBooleanPreference(NEXT_WORD_PREDICTION_OPTION, previousNextWordPredictionOption,
+                    defaultNextWordPredictionOption);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testWordThenSpaceDisplaysPredictions() {
+        final String WORD_TO_TYPE = "beaujolais ";
+        final String EXPECTED_RESULT = "nouveau";
         changeLanguage("fr");
         type(WORD_TO_TYPE);
         sleep(DELAY_TO_WAIT_FOR_UNDERLINE);
         runMessages();
-        assertTrue("type word then type space should display punctuation strip",
-                mLatinIME.isShowingPunctuationList());
-        pickSuggestionManually(0, PUNCTUATION_FROM_STRIP);
-        pickSuggestionManually(0, PUNCTUATION_FROM_STRIP);
-        assertEquals("type word then type space then punctuation from strip twice for French",
-                EXPECTED_RESULT, mTextView.getText().toString());
+        final SuggestionStripView suggestionStripView =
+                (SuggestionStripView)mInputView.findViewById(R.id.suggestion_strip_view);
+        final SuggestedWords suggestedWords = suggestionStripView.getSuggestions();
+        assertEquals("type word then type space yields predictions for French",
+                EXPECTED_RESULT, suggestedWords.getWord(0));
     }
 
     public void testAutoCorrectForGerman() {
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputTestsBase.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputTestsBase.java
index fe58cb8..7033050 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputTestsBase.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/InputTestsBase.java
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     protected LatinIME mLatinIME;
     protected Keyboard mKeyboard;
     protected MyTextView mTextView;
+    protected View mInputView;
     protected InputConnection mInputConnection;
     private final HashMap<String, InputMethodSubtype> mSubtypeMap =
             new HashMap<String, InputMethodSubtype>();
@@ -150,9 +151,9 @@
         final LayoutInflater inflater =
                 (LayoutInflater)getContext().getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
         final ViewGroup vg = new FrameLayout(getContext());
-        final View inputView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.input_view, vg);
+        mInputView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.input_view, vg);
         mLatinIME.onCreateInputMethodInterface().startInput(ic, ei);
-        mLatinIME.setInputView(inputView);
+        mLatinIME.setInputView(mInputView);
         mLatinIME.onBindInput();
         mLatinIME.onCreateInputView();
         mLatinIME.onStartInputView(ei, false);
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@
         // any subsequent post in this queue. However the queue itself is still fully functional!
         // If we have a way of resetting "queue.mQuiting" then we can continue using it as normal,
         // coming back to this method to run the messages.
-        MessageQueue queue = looper.getQueue();
+        MessageQueue queue = Looper.myQueue();
         try {
             // However there is no way of doing it externally, and mQuiting is private.
             // So... get out the big guns.
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@
         waitForDictionaryToBeLoaded();
     }
 
-    protected void pickSuggestionManually(final int index, final CharSequence suggestion) {
+    protected void pickSuggestionManually(final int index, final String suggestion) {
         mLatinIME.pickSuggestionManually(index, suggestion);
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtilsTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtilsTests.java
index 70f916c..66c9e18 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtilsTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictIOUtilsTests.java
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
 
         File file = null;
         try {
-            file = File.createTempFile("testReadAndWrite", ".dict");
+            file = File.createTempFile("testReadAndWrite", ".dict", getContext().getCacheDir());
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.d(TAG, "IOException while creating a temporary file: " + e);
         }
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java
index f2a17d2..7536f64 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/UserHistoryDictionaryTests.java
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
 import android.util.Log;
 
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
@@ -76,34 +78,43 @@
     }
 
     public void testRandomWords() {
-        Log.d(TAG, "This test can be used for profiling.");
-        Log.d(TAG, "Usage: please set UserHisotoryDictionary.PROFILE_SAVE_RESTORE to true.");
-        final int numberOfWords = 1000;
-        final Random random = new Random(123456);
-        List<String> words = generateWords(numberOfWords, random);
-
-        final String locale = "testRandomWords";
-        final UserHistoryDictionary dict = UserHistoryDictionary.getInstance(getContext(),
-                locale, mPrefs);
-        dict.isTest = true;
-
-        addToDict(dict, words);
-
+        File dictFile = null;
         try {
-            Log.d(TAG, "waiting for adding the word ...");
-            Thread.sleep(2000);
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "InterruptedException: " + e);
-        }
+            Log.d(TAG, "This test can be used for profiling.");
+            Log.d(TAG, "Usage: please set UserHisotoryDictionary.PROFILE_SAVE_RESTORE to true.");
+            final int numberOfWords = 1000;
+            final Random random = new Random(123456);
+            List<String> words = generateWords(numberOfWords, random);
 
-        // write to file
-        dict.close();
+            final String locale = "testRandomWords";
+            final String fileName = "UserHistoryDictionary." + locale + ".dict";
+            dictFile = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), fileName);
+            final UserHistoryDictionary dict = UserHistoryDictionary.getInstance(getContext(),
+                    locale, mPrefs);
+            dict.isTest = true;
 
-        try {
-            Log.d(TAG, "waiting for writing ...");
-            Thread.sleep(5000);
-        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "InterruptedException: " + e);
+            addToDict(dict, words);
+
+            try {
+                Log.d(TAG, "waiting for adding the word ...");
+                Thread.sleep(2000);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "InterruptedException: " + e);
+            }
+
+            // write to file
+            dict.close();
+
+            try {
+                Log.d(TAG, "waiting for writing ...");
+                Thread.sleep(5000);
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "InterruptedException: " + e);
+            }
+        } finally {
+            if (dictFile != null) {
+                dictFile.delete();
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOTests.java
index 2f95431..d080ed6 100644
--- a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOTests.java
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOTests.java
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@
             final String message) {
         File file = null;
         try {
-            file = File.createTempFile("runReadAndWrite", ".dict");
+            file = File.createTempFile("runReadAndWrite", ".dict", getContext().getCacheDir());
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "IOException: " + e);
         }
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@
             final FormatSpec.FormatOptions formatOptions, final String message) {
         File file = null;
         try {
-            file = File.createTempFile("runReadUnigrams", ".dict");
+            file = File.createTempFile("runReadUnigrams", ".dict", getContext().getCacheDir());
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "IOException: " + e);
         }
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@
         }
         if (header == null) return null;
         return BinaryDictInputOutput.getWordAtAddress(buffer, header.mHeaderSize,
-                address - header.mHeaderSize, header.mFormatOptions);
+                address - header.mHeaderSize, header.mFormatOptions).mWord;
     }
 
     private long runGetTerminalPosition(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
@@ -510,7 +510,8 @@
     public void testGetTerminalPosition() {
         File file = null;
         try {
-            file = File.createTempFile("testGetTerminalPosition", ".dict");
+            file = File.createTempFile("testGetTerminalPosition", ".dict",
+                    getContext().getCacheDir());
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // do nothing
         }
@@ -561,7 +562,7 @@
     public void testDeleteWord() {
         File file = null;
         try {
-            file = File.createTempFile("testDeleteWord", ".dict");
+            file = File.createTempFile("testDeleteWord", ".dict", getContext().getCacheDir());
         } catch (IOException e) {
             // do nothing
         }
diff --git a/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtilsTests.java b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtilsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3185168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictIOUtilsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput.ByteBufferWrapper;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput.CharEncoding;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput.FusionDictionaryBufferInterface;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec.FileHeader;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.Node;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
+
+import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
+import android.test.MoreAsserts;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileWriter;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class BinaryDictIOUtilsTests  extends AndroidTestCase {
+    private static final String TAG = BinaryDictIOUtilsTests.class.getSimpleName();
+    private static final FormatSpec.FormatOptions FORMAT_OPTIONS =
+            new FormatSpec.FormatOptions(3, true);
+    private static final int MAX_UNIGRAMS = 1500;
+
+    private static final ArrayList<String> sWords = CollectionUtils.newArrayList();
+
+    private static final String[] CHARACTERS = {
+        "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m",
+        "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z",
+        "\u00FC" /* ü */, "\u00E2" /* â */, "\u00F1" /* ñ */, // accented characters
+        "\u4E9C" /* 亜 */, "\u4F0A" /* 伊 */, "\u5B87" /* 宇 */, // kanji
+        "\uD841\uDE28" /* 𠘨 */, "\uD840\uDC0B" /* 𠀋 */, "\uD861\uDeD7" /* 𨛗 */ // surrogate pair
+    };
+
+    public BinaryDictIOUtilsTests() {
+        super();
+        final Random random = new Random(123456);
+        sWords.clear();
+        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_UNIGRAMS; ++i) {
+            sWords.add(generateWord(random.nextInt()));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Utilities for test
+    private String generateWord(final int value) {
+        final int lengthOfChars = CHARACTERS.length;
+        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder("");
+        long lvalue = Math.abs((long)value);
+        while (lvalue > 0) {
+            builder.append(CHARACTERS[(int)(lvalue % lengthOfChars)]);
+            lvalue /= lengthOfChars;
+        }
+        if (builder.toString().equals("")) return "a";
+        return builder.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static void printCharGroup(final CharGroupInfo info) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "    CharGroup at " + info.mOriginalAddress);
+        Log.d(TAG, "        flags = " + info.mFlags);
+        Log.d(TAG, "        parentAddress = " + info.mParentAddress);
+        Log.d(TAG, "        characters = " + new String(info.mCharacters, 0,
+                info.mCharacters.length));
+        if (info.mFrequency != -1) Log.d(TAG, "        frequency = " + info.mFrequency);
+        if (info.mChildrenAddress == FormatSpec.NO_CHILDREN_ADDRESS) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "        children address = no children address");
+        } else {
+            Log.d(TAG, "        children address = " + info.mChildrenAddress);
+        }
+        if (info.mShortcutTargets != null) {
+            for (final WeightedString ws : info.mShortcutTargets) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "        shortcuts = " + ws.mWord);
+            }
+        }
+        if (info.mBigrams != null) {
+            for (final PendingAttribute attr : info.mBigrams) {
+                Log.d(TAG, "        bigram = " + attr.mAddress);
+            }
+        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "    end address = " + info.mEndAddress);
+    }
+
+    private static void printNode(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer,
+            final FormatSpec.FormatOptions formatOptions) {
+        Log.d(TAG, "Node at " + buffer.position());
+        final int count = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroupCount(buffer);
+        Log.d(TAG, "    charGroupCount = " + count);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+            final CharGroupInfo currentInfo = BinaryDictInputOutput.readCharGroup(buffer,
+                    buffer.position(), formatOptions);
+            printCharGroup(currentInfo);
+        }
+        if (formatOptions.mSupportsDynamicUpdate) {
+            final int forwardLinkAddress = buffer.readUnsignedInt24();
+            Log.d(TAG, "    forwardLinkAddress = " + forwardLinkAddress);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void printBinaryFile(final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer)
+            throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+        FileHeader header = BinaryDictInputOutput.readHeader(buffer);
+        while (buffer.position() < buffer.limit()) {
+            printNode(buffer, header.mFormatOptions);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int getWordPosition(final File file, final String word) {
+        int position = FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD;
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer = new ByteBufferWrapper(
+                    inStream.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, file.length()));
+            position = BinaryDictIOUtils.getTerminalPosition(buffer, word);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+        } finally {
+            if (inStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    inStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return position;
+    }
+
+    private CharGroupInfo findWordFromFile(final File file, final String word) {
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        CharGroupInfo info = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer = new ByteBufferWrapper(
+                    inStream.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, file.length()));
+            info = BinaryDictIOUtils.findWordFromBuffer(buffer, word);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+        } finally {
+            if (inStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    inStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    // return amount of time to insert a word
+    private long insertAndCheckWord(final File file, final String word, final int frequency,
+            final boolean exist, final ArrayList<WeightedString> bigrams,
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcuts) {
+        RandomAccessFile raFile = null;
+        BufferedOutputStream outStream = null;
+        FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer = null;
+        long amountOfTime = -1;
+        try {
+            raFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
+            buffer = new ByteBufferWrapper(raFile.getChannel().map(
+                    FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, file.length()));
+            outStream = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(file, true));
+
+            if (!exist) {
+                assertEquals(FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD, getWordPosition(file, word));
+            }
+            final long now = System.nanoTime();
+            BinaryDictIOUtils.insertWord(buffer, outStream, word, frequency, bigrams, shortcuts,
+                    false, false);
+            amountOfTime = System.nanoTime() - now;
+            outStream.flush();
+            MoreAsserts.assertNotEqual(FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD, getWordPosition(file, word));
+            outStream.close();
+            raFile.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+        } finally {
+            if (outStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    outStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+            if (raFile != null) {
+                try {
+                    raFile.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return amountOfTime;
+    }
+
+    private void deleteWord(final File file, final String word) {
+        RandomAccessFile raFile = null;
+        FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer = null;
+        try {
+            raFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
+            buffer = new ByteBufferWrapper(raFile.getChannel().map(
+                    FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, file.length()));
+            BinaryDictIOUtils.deleteWord(buffer, word);
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+        } finally {
+            if (raFile != null) {
+                try {
+                    raFile.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkReverseLookup(final File file, final String word, final int position) {
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        try {
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            final FusionDictionaryBufferInterface buffer = new ByteBufferWrapper(
+                    inStream.getChannel().map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, file.length()));
+            final FileHeader header = BinaryDictInputOutput.readHeader(buffer);
+            assertEquals(word, BinaryDictInputOutput.getWordAtAddress(buffer, header.mHeaderSize,
+                    position - header.mHeaderSize, header.mFormatOptions));
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+        } finally {
+            if (inStream != null) {
+                try {
+                    inStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testInsertWord() {
+        File file = null;
+        try {
+            file = File.createTempFile("testInsertWord", ".dict", getContext().getCacheDir());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while creating temporary file: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // set an initial dictionary.
+        final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new Node(),
+                new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String,String>(), false, false));
+        dict.add("abcd", 10, null, false);
+
+        try {
+            final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            BinaryDictInputOutput.writeDictionaryBinary(out, dict, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
+            out.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        }
+
+        MoreAsserts.assertNotEqual(FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD, getWordPosition(file, "abcd"));
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "abcde", 10, false, null, null);
+
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "abcdefghijklmn", 10, false, null, null);
+        checkReverseLookup(file, "abcdefghijklmn", getWordPosition(file, "abcdefghijklmn"));
+
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "abcdabcd", 10, false, null, null);
+        checkReverseLookup(file, "abcdabcd", getWordPosition(file, "abcdabcd"));
+
+        // update the existing word.
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "abcdabcd", 15, true, null, null);
+
+        // split 1
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "ab", 20, false, null, null);
+
+        // split 2
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "ami", 30, false, null, null);
+
+        deleteWord(file, "ami");
+        assertEquals(FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD, getWordPosition(file, "ami"));
+
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "abcdabfg", 30, false, null, null);
+
+        deleteWord(file, "abcd");
+        assertEquals(FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD, getWordPosition(file, "abcd"));
+    }
+
+    public void testInsertWordWithBigrams() {
+        File file = null;
+        try {
+            file = File.createTempFile("testInsertWordWithBigrams", ".dict",
+                    getContext().getCacheDir());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while creating temporary file: " + e);
+        }
+
+        // set an initial dictionary.
+        final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new Node(),
+                new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String,String>(), false, false));
+        dict.add("abcd", 10, null, false);
+        dict.add("efgh", 15, null, false);
+
+        try {
+            final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            BinaryDictInputOutput.writeDictionaryBinary(out, dict, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
+            out.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            fail("IOException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+            fail("UnsupportedFormatException while writing an initial dictionary : " + e);
+        }
+
+        final ArrayList<WeightedString> banana = new ArrayList<WeightedString>();
+        banana.add(new WeightedString("banana", 10));
+
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "banana", 0, false, null, null);
+        insertAndCheckWord(file, "recursive", 60, true, banana, null);
+
+        final CharGroupInfo info = findWordFromFile(file, "recursive");
+        int bananaPos = getWordPosition(file, "banana");
+        assertNotNull(info.mBigrams);
+        assertEquals(info.mBigrams.size(), 1);
+        assertEquals(info.mBigrams.get(0).mAddress, bananaPos);
+    }
+
+    public void testRandomWords() {
+        File file = null;
+        try {
+            file = File.createTempFile("testRandomWord", ".dict", getContext().getCacheDir());
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+        }
+        assertNotNull(file);
+
+        // set an initial dictionary.
+        final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new Node(),
+                new FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String, String>(), false,
+                        false));
+        dict.add("initial", 10, null, false);
+
+        try {
+            final FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(file);
+            BinaryDictInputOutput.writeDictionaryBinary(out, dict, FORMAT_OPTIONS);
+            out.close();
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+            assertTrue(false);
+        }
+
+        long maxTimeToInsert = 0, sum = 0;
+        long minTimeToInsert = 100000000; // 1000000000 is an upper bound for minTimeToInsert.
+        int cnt = 0;
+        for (final String word : sWords) {
+            final long diff = insertAndCheckWord(file, word,
+                    cnt % FormatSpec.MAX_TERMINAL_FREQUENCY, false, null, null);
+            maxTimeToInsert = Math.max(maxTimeToInsert, diff);
+            minTimeToInsert = Math.min(minTimeToInsert, diff);
+            sum += diff;
+            cnt++;
+        }
+        cnt = 0;
+        for (final String word : sWords) {
+            MoreAsserts.assertNotEqual(FormatSpec.NOT_VALID_WORD, getWordPosition(file, word));
+        }
+
+        Log.d(TAG, "max = " + ((double)maxTimeToInsert/1000000) + " ms.");
+        Log.d(TAG, "min = " + ((double)minTimeToInsert/1000000) + " ms.");
+        Log.d(TAG, "avg = " + ((double)sum/MAX_UNIGRAMS/1000000) + " ms.");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/Android.mk b/tools/dicttool/Android.mk
index 5bd836a..159c1c1 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/Android.mk
+++ b/tools/dicttool/Android.mk
@@ -16,14 +16,18 @@
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
-LATINIME_CORE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY := ../../java/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin
+LATINIME_BASE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY := ../../java/src/com/android/inputmethod
+LATINIME_CORE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY := $(LATINIME_BASE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY)/latin
+LATINIME_ANNOTATIONS_SOURCE_DIRECTORY := $(LATINIME_BASE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY)/annotations
 MAKEDICT_CORE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY := $(LATINIME_CORE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY)/makedict
 
 LOCAL_MAIN_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under,$(MAKEDICT_CORE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY))
 LOCAL_TOOL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under,src)
+LOCAL_ANNOTATIONS_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under,$(LATINIME_ANNOTATIONS_SOURCE_DIRECTORY))
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_TOOL_SRC_FILES) \
         $(filter-out $(addprefix %/, $(notdir $(LOCAL_TOOL_SRC_FILES))), $(LOCAL_MAIN_SRC_FILES)) \
         $(call all-java-files-under,tests) \
+        $(LOCAL_ANNOTATIONS_SRC_FILES) \
         $(LATINIME_CORE_SOURCE_DIRECTORY)/Constants.java
 
 LOCAL_JAR_MANIFEST := etc/manifest.txt
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/AdditionalCommandList.java b/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/AdditionalCommandList.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 8d4eb75..0000000
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/AdditionalCommandList.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
- * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
- * the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
- * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
- * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
- * the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
-
-public class AdditionalCommandList {
-    public static void populate() {
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Info.java b/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Info.java
deleted file mode 100644
index e592617..0000000
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Info.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
- * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
- * the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
- * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
- * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
- * the License.
- */
-
-package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
-
-public class Info extends Dicttool.Command {
-    public static final String COMMAND = "info";
-
-    public Info() {
-    }
-
-    public String getHelp() {
-        return "info <filename>: prints various information about a dictionary file";
-    }
-
-    public void run() {
-        // TODO: implement this
-        if (mArgs.length < 1) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("Not enough arguments for command " + COMMAND);
-        }
-        System.out.println("Not implemented yet");
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2c77d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.UnsupportedFormatException;
+
+import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
+
+/**
+ * Class grouping utilities for offline dictionary making.
+ *
+ * Those should not be used on-device, essentially because they are quite
+ * liberal about I/O and performance.
+ */
+public final class BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils {
+    // Prefix and suffix are arbitrary, the values do not really matter
+    private final static String PREFIX = "dicttool";
+    private final static String SUFFIX = ".tmp";
+
+    public final static String COMPRESSION = "compressed";
+    public final static String ENCRYPTION = "encrypted";
+
+    private final static int MAX_DECODE_DEPTH = 8;
+
+    public static class DecoderChainSpec {
+        ArrayList<String> mDecoderSpec = new ArrayList<String>();
+        File mFile;
+        public DecoderChainSpec addStep(final String stepDescription) {
+            mDecoderSpec.add(stepDescription);
+            return this;
+        }
+        public String describeChain() {
+            final StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder("raw");
+            for (final String step : mDecoderSpec) {
+                s.append(" > ");
+                s.append(step);
+            }
+            return s.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public static void copy(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
+        final byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
+        final BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(input);
+        final BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(output);
+        for (int readBytes = in.read(buffer); readBytes >= 0; readBytes = in.read(buffer))
+            output.write(buffer, 0, readBytes);
+        in.close();
+        out.close();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a decrypted/uncompressed binary dictionary.
+     *
+     * This will decrypt/uncompress any number of times as necessary until it finds the binary
+     * dictionary signature, and copy the decoded file to a temporary place.
+     * If this is not a binary dictionary, the method returns null.
+     */
+    public static DecoderChainSpec getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(final File src) {
+        return getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(new DecoderChainSpec(), src, 0);
+    }
+
+    private static DecoderChainSpec getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(
+            final DecoderChainSpec spec, final File src, final int depth) {
+        // Unfortunately the decoding scheme we use can consider any data to be encrypted
+        // and will product some output, meaning it's not possible to reliably detect encrypted
+        // data. Thus, some non-dictionary files (especially small) ones may successfully decrypt
+        // over and over, ending in a stack overflow. Hence we limit the depth at which we try
+        // decoding the file.
+        if (depth > MAX_DECODE_DEPTH) return null;
+        if (BinaryDictInputOutput.isBinaryDictionary(src)) {
+            spec.mFile = src;
+            return spec;
+        }
+        // It's not a raw dictionary - try to see if it's compressed.
+        final File uncompressedFile = tryGetUncompressedFile(src);
+        if (null != uncompressedFile) {
+            final DecoderChainSpec newSpec =
+                    getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(spec, uncompressedFile, depth + 1);
+            if (null == newSpec) return null;
+            return newSpec.addStep(COMPRESSION);
+        }
+        // It's not a compressed either - try to see if it's crypted.
+        final File decryptedFile = tryGetDecryptedFile(src);
+        if (null != decryptedFile) {
+            final DecoderChainSpec newSpec =
+                    getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNullInternal(spec, decryptedFile, depth + 1);
+            if (null == newSpec) return null;
+            return newSpec.addStep(ENCRYPTION);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /* Try to uncompress the file passed as an argument.
+     *
+     * If the file can be uncompressed, the uncompressed version is returned. Otherwise, null
+     * is returned.
+     */
+    private static File tryGetUncompressedFile(final File src) {
+        try {
+            final File dst = File.createTempFile(PREFIX, SUFFIX);
+            dst.deleteOnExit();
+            final FileOutputStream dstStream = new FileOutputStream(dst);
+            copy(Compress.getUncompressedStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(src))),
+                    new BufferedOutputStream(dstStream)); // #copy() closes the streams
+            return dst;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Could not uncompress the file: presumably the file is simply not a compressed file
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Try to decrypt the file passed as an argument.
+     *
+     * If the file can be decrypted, the decrypted version is returned. Otherwise, null
+     * is returned.
+     */
+    private static File tryGetDecryptedFile(final File src) {
+        try {
+            final File dst = File.createTempFile(PREFIX, SUFFIX);
+            dst.deleteOnExit();
+            final FileOutputStream dstStream = new FileOutputStream(dst);
+            copy(Crypt.getDecryptedStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(src))),
+                    dstStream); // #copy() closes the streams
+            return dst;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            // Could not decrypt the file: presumably the file is simply not a crypted file
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void crash(final String filename, final Exception e) {
+        throw new RuntimeException("Can't read file " + filename, e);
+    }
+
+    static FusionDictionary getDictionary(final String filename, final boolean report) {
+        final File file = new File(filename);
+        if (report) {
+            System.out.println("Dictionary : " + file.getAbsolutePath());
+            System.out.println("Size : " + file.length() + " bytes");
+        }
+        try {
+            if (XmlDictInputOutput.isXmlUnigramDictionary(filename)) {
+                if (report) System.out.println("Format : XML unigram list");
+                return XmlDictInputOutput.readDictionaryXml(
+                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)),
+                        null /* shortcuts */, null /* bigrams */);
+            } else if (CombinedInputOutput.isCombinedDictionary(filename)) {
+                if (report) System.out.println("Format : Combined format");
+                return CombinedInputOutput.readDictionaryCombined(
+                        new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)));
+            } else {
+                final DecoderChainSpec decodedSpec = getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(file);
+                if (null == decodedSpec) {
+                    crash(filename, new RuntimeException(
+                            filename + " does not seem to be a dictionary file"));
+                } else {
+                    final FileInputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(decodedSpec.mFile);
+                    final ByteBuffer buffer = inStream.getChannel().map(
+                            FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, decodedSpec.mFile.length());
+                    if (report) {
+                        System.out.println("Format : Binary dictionary format");
+                        System.out.println("Packaging : " + decodedSpec.describeChain());
+                        System.out.println("Uncompressed size : " + decodedSpec.mFile.length());
+                    }
+                    return BinaryDictInputOutput.readDictionaryBinary(
+                            new BinaryDictInputOutput.ByteBufferWrapper(buffer), null);
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            crash(filename, e);
+        } catch (SAXException e) {
+            crash(filename, e);
+        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
+            crash(filename, e);
+        } catch (UnsupportedFormatException e) {
+            crash(filename, e);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CombinedInputOutput.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CombinedInputOutput.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..092ee76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CombinedInputOutput.java
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.Node;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.Word;
+
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.InputStreamReader;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+/**
+ * Reads and writes combined format for a FusionDictionary.
+ *
+ * All functions in this class are static.
+ */
+public class CombinedInputOutput {
+
+    private static final String DICTIONARY_TAG = "dictionary";
+    private static final String BIGRAM_TAG = "bigram";
+    private static final String SHORTCUT_TAG = "shortcut";
+    private static final String FREQUENCY_TAG = "f";
+    private static final String WORD_TAG = "word";
+    private static final String NOT_A_WORD_TAG = "not_a_word";
+    private static final String WHITELIST_TAG = "whitelist";
+    private static final String OPTIONS_TAG = "options";
+    private static final String GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_OPTION = "german_umlaut_processing";
+    private static final String FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_OPTION = "french_ligature_processing";
+    private static final String COMMENT_LINE_STARTER = "#";
+
+    /**
+     * Basic test to find out whether the file is in the combined format or not.
+     *
+     * Concretely this only tests the header line.
+     *
+     * @param filename The name of the file to test.
+     * @return true if the file is in the combined format, false otherwise
+     */
+    public static boolean isCombinedDictionary(final String filename) {
+        BufferedReader reader = null;
+        try {
+            reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File(filename)));
+            String firstLine = reader.readLine();
+            while (firstLine.startsWith(COMMENT_LINE_STARTER)) {
+                firstLine = reader.readLine();
+            }
+            return firstLine.matches("^" + DICTIONARY_TAG + "=[^:]+(:[^=]+=[^:]+)*");
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            return false;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            if (reader != null) {
+                try {
+                    reader.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads a dictionary from a combined format file.
+     *
+     * This is the public method that will read a combined file and return the corresponding memory
+     * representation.
+     *
+     * @param source the file to read the data from.
+     * @return the in-memory representation of the dictionary.
+     */
+    public static FusionDictionary readDictionaryCombined(final InputStream source)
+            throws IOException {
+        final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(source, "UTF-8"));
+        String headerLine = reader.readLine();
+        while (headerLine.startsWith(COMMENT_LINE_STARTER)) {
+            headerLine = reader.readLine();
+        }
+        final String header[] = headerLine.split(",");
+        final HashMap<String, String> attributes = new HashMap<String, String>();
+        for (String item : header) {
+            final String keyValue[] = item.split("=");
+            if (2 != keyValue.length) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Wrong header format : " + headerLine);
+            }
+            attributes.put(keyValue[0], keyValue[1]);
+        }
+
+        final boolean processUmlauts =
+                GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_OPTION.equals(attributes.get(OPTIONS_TAG));
+        final boolean processLigatures =
+                FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_OPTION.equals(attributes.get(OPTIONS_TAG));
+        attributes.remove(OPTIONS_TAG);
+        final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new Node(), new DictionaryOptions(
+                attributes, processUmlauts, processLigatures));
+
+        String line;
+        String word = null;
+        int freq = 0;
+        boolean isNotAWord = false;
+        ArrayList<WeightedString> bigrams = new ArrayList<WeightedString>();
+        ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcuts = new ArrayList<WeightedString>();
+        while (null != (line = reader.readLine())) {
+            if (line.startsWith(COMMENT_LINE_STARTER)) continue;
+            final String args[] = line.trim().split(",");
+            if (args[0].matches(WORD_TAG + "=.*")) {
+                if (null != word) {
+                    dict.add(word, freq, shortcuts.isEmpty() ? null : shortcuts, isNotAWord);
+                    for (WeightedString s : bigrams) {
+                        dict.setBigram(word, s.mWord, s.mFrequency);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!shortcuts.isEmpty()) shortcuts = new ArrayList<WeightedString>();
+                if (!bigrams.isEmpty()) bigrams = new ArrayList<WeightedString>();
+                isNotAWord = false;
+                for (String param : args) {
+                    final String params[] = param.split("=", 2);
+                    if (2 != params.length) throw new RuntimeException("Wrong format : " + line);
+                    if (WORD_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        word = params[1];
+                    } else if (FREQUENCY_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        freq = Integer.parseInt(params[1]);
+                    } else if (NOT_A_WORD_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        isNotAWord = "true".equals(params[1]);
+                    }
+                }
+            } else if (args[0].matches(SHORTCUT_TAG + "=.*")) {
+                String shortcut = null;
+                int shortcutFreq = 0;
+                for (String param : args) {
+                    final String params[] = param.split("=", 2);
+                    if (2 != params.length) throw new RuntimeException("Wrong format : " + line);
+                    if (SHORTCUT_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        shortcut = params[1];
+                    } else if (FREQUENCY_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        shortcutFreq = WHITELIST_TAG.equals(params[1])
+                                ? FormatSpec.SHORTCUT_WHITELIST_FREQUENCY
+                                : Integer.parseInt(params[1]);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (null != shortcut) {
+                    shortcuts.add(new WeightedString(shortcut, shortcutFreq));
+                } else {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("Wrong format : " + line);
+                }
+            } else if (args[0].matches(BIGRAM_TAG + "=.*")) {
+                String secondWordOfBigram = null;
+                int bigramFreq = 0;
+                for (String param : args) {
+                    final String params[] = param.split("=", 2);
+                    if (2 != params.length) throw new RuntimeException("Wrong format : " + line);
+                    if (BIGRAM_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        secondWordOfBigram = params[1];
+                    } else if (FREQUENCY_TAG.equals(params[0])) {
+                        bigramFreq = Integer.parseInt(params[1]);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (null != secondWordOfBigram) {
+                    bigrams.add(new WeightedString(secondWordOfBigram, bigramFreq));
+                } else {
+                    throw new RuntimeException("Wrong format : " + line);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (null != word) {
+            dict.add(word, freq, shortcuts.isEmpty() ? null : shortcuts, isNotAWord);
+            for (WeightedString s : bigrams) {
+                dict.setBigram(word, s.mWord, s.mFrequency);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return dict;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes a dictionary to a combined file.
+     *
+     * @param destination a destination stream to write to.
+     * @param dict the dictionary to write.
+     */
+    public static void writeDictionaryCombined(Writer destination, FusionDictionary dict)
+            throws IOException {
+        final TreeSet<Word> set = new TreeSet<Word>();
+        for (Word word : dict) {
+            set.add(word); // This for ordering by frequency, then by asciibetic order
+        }
+        final HashMap<String, String> options = dict.mOptions.mAttributes;
+        destination.write(DICTIONARY_TAG + "=");
+        if (options.containsKey(DICTIONARY_TAG)) {
+            destination.write(options.get(DICTIONARY_TAG));
+            options.remove(DICTIONARY_TAG);
+        }
+        if (dict.mOptions.mGermanUmlautProcessing) {
+            destination.write("," + OPTIONS_TAG + "=" + GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_OPTION);
+        } else if (dict.mOptions.mFrenchLigatureProcessing) {
+            destination.write("," + OPTIONS_TAG + "=" + FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_OPTION);
+        }
+        for (final String key : dict.mOptions.mAttributes.keySet()) {
+            final String value = dict.mOptions.mAttributes.get(key);
+            destination.write("," + key + "=" + value);
+        }
+        destination.write("\n");
+        for (Word word : set) {
+            destination.write(" " + WORD_TAG + "=" + word.mWord + ","
+                    + FREQUENCY_TAG + "=" + word.mFrequency
+                    + (word.mIsNotAWord ? "," + NOT_A_WORD_TAG + "=true\n" : "\n"));
+            if (null != word.mShortcutTargets) {
+                for (WeightedString target : word.mShortcutTargets) {
+                    destination.write("  " + SHORTCUT_TAG + "=" + target.mWord + ","
+                            + FREQUENCY_TAG + "=" + target.mFrequency + "\n");
+                }
+            }
+            if (null != word.mBigrams) {
+                for (WeightedString bigram : word.mBigrams) {
+                    destination.write("  " + BIGRAM_TAG + "=" + bigram.mWord + ","
+                            + FREQUENCY_TAG + "=" + bigram.mFrequency + "\n");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        destination.close();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CommandList.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CommandList.java
similarity index 76%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CommandList.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CommandList.java
index d16b069..0e0095b 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CommandList.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/CommandList.java
@@ -19,8 +19,13 @@
 public class CommandList {
     public static void populate() {
         Dicttool.addCommand("info", Info.class);
+        Dicttool.addCommand("diff", Diff.class);
         Dicttool.addCommand("compress", Compress.Compressor.class);
         Dicttool.addCommand("uncompress", Compress.Uncompressor.class);
+        Dicttool.addCommand("encrypt", Crypt.Encrypter.class);
+        Dicttool.addCommand("decrypt", Crypt.Decrypter.class);
+        Dicttool.addCommand("package", Package.Packager.class);
+        Dicttool.addCommand("unpackage", Package.Unpackager.class);
         Dicttool.addCommand("makedict", Makedict.class);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Compress.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Compress.java
similarity index 76%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Compress.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Compress.java
index 3cb0a12..b7f48b5 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Compress.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Compress.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
 
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
@@ -26,24 +28,19 @@
 import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream;
 
 public class Compress {
+    private Compress() {
+        // This container class is not publicly instantiable.
+    }
 
-    private static OutputStream getCompressedStream(final OutputStream out)
+    public static OutputStream getCompressedStream(final OutputStream out)
         throws java.io.IOException {
         return new GZIPOutputStream(out);
     }
 
-    private static InputStream getUncompressedStream(final InputStream in) throws IOException {
+    public static InputStream getUncompressedStream(final InputStream in) throws IOException {
         return new GZIPInputStream(in);
     }
 
-    public static void copy(final InputStream input, final OutputStream output) throws IOException {
-        final byte[] buffer = new byte[1000];
-        for (int readBytes = input.read(buffer); readBytes >= 0; readBytes = input.read(buffer))
-            output.write(buffer, 0, readBytes);
-        input.close();
-        output.close();
-    }
-
     static public class Compressor extends Dicttool.Command {
         public static final String COMMAND = "compress";
         public static final String STDIN_OR_STDOUT = "-";
@@ -51,11 +48,13 @@
         public Compressor() {
         }
 
+        @Override
         public String getHelp() {
             return COMMAND + " <src_filename> <dst_filename>: "
                     + "Compresses a file using gzip compression";
         }
 
+        @Override
         public void run() throws IOException {
             if (mArgs.length > 2) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("Too many arguments for command " + COMMAND);
@@ -63,10 +62,10 @@
             final String inFilename = mArgs.length >= 1 ? mArgs[0] : STDIN_OR_STDOUT;
             final String outFilename = mArgs.length >= 2 ? mArgs[1] : STDIN_OR_STDOUT;
             final InputStream input = inFilename.equals(STDIN_OR_STDOUT) ? System.in
-                    : new FileInputStream(new File(inFilename));
+                    : new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(inFilename)));
             final OutputStream output = outFilename.equals(STDIN_OR_STDOUT) ? System.out
-                    : new FileOutputStream(new File(outFilename));
-            copy(input, new GZIPOutputStream(output));
+                    : new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(outFilename)));
+            BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.copy(input, new GZIPOutputStream(output));
         }
     }
 
@@ -77,11 +76,13 @@
         public Uncompressor() {
         }
 
+        @Override
         public String getHelp() {
             return COMMAND + " <src_filename> <dst_filename>: "
                     + "Uncompresses a file compressed with gzip compression";
         }
 
+        @Override
         public void run() throws IOException {
             if (mArgs.length > 2) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("Too many arguments for command " + COMMAND);
@@ -89,10 +90,10 @@
             final String inFilename = mArgs.length >= 1 ? mArgs[0] : STDIN_OR_STDOUT;
             final String outFilename = mArgs.length >= 2 ? mArgs[1] : STDIN_OR_STDOUT;
             final InputStream input = inFilename.equals(STDIN_OR_STDOUT) ? System.in
-                    : new FileInputStream(new File(inFilename));
+                    : new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File(inFilename)));
             final OutputStream output = outFilename.equals(STDIN_OR_STDOUT) ? System.out
-                    : new FileOutputStream(new File(outFilename));
-            copy(new GZIPInputStream(input), output);
+                    : new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(outFilename)));
+            BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.copy(new GZIPInputStream(input), output);
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Crypt.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Crypt.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f899023
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Crypt.java
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+public class Crypt {
+    private Crypt() {
+        // This container class is not publicly instantiable.
+    }
+
+    public static OutputStream getCryptedStream(final OutputStream out) {
+        // Encryption is not supported
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    public static InputStream getDecryptedStream(final InputStream in) {
+        // Decryption is not supported
+        return in;
+    }
+
+    static public class Encrypter extends Dicttool.Command {
+        public static final String COMMAND = "encrypt";
+
+        public Encrypter() {
+        }
+
+        public String getHelp() {
+            return COMMAND + " <src_filename> <dst_filename>: Encrypts a file";
+        }
+
+        public void run() {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static public class Decrypter extends Dicttool.Command {
+        public static final String COMMAND = "decrypt";
+
+        public Decrypter() {
+        }
+
+        public String getHelp() {
+            return COMMAND + " <src_filename> <dst_filename>: Decrypts a file";
+        }
+
+        public void run() {
+            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/DictionaryMaker.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/DictionaryMaker.java
similarity index 76%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/DictionaryMaker.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/DictionaryMaker.java
index 4f88749..cc890f6 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/DictionaryMaker.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/DictionaryMaker.java
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.MakedictLog;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.UnsupportedFormatException;
 
+import java.io.BufferedWriter;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@@ -51,13 +52,16 @@
         private static final String OPTION_INPUT_SHORTCUT_XML = "-c";
         private static final String OPTION_OUTPUT_BINARY = "-d";
         private static final String OPTION_OUTPUT_XML = "-x";
+        private static final String OPTION_OUTPUT_COMBINED = "-o";
         private static final String OPTION_HELP = "-h";
         public final String mInputBinary;
+        public final String mInputCombined;
         public final String mInputUnigramXml;
         public final String mInputShortcutXml;
         public final String mInputBigramXml;
         public final String mOutputBinary;
         public final String mOutputXml;
+        public final String mOutputCombined;
         public final int mOutputBinaryFormatVersion;
 
         private void checkIntegrity() throws IOException {
@@ -65,28 +69,38 @@
             checkHasAtLeastOneOutput();
             checkNotSameFile(mInputBinary, mOutputBinary);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputBinary, mOutputXml);
+            checkNotSameFile(mInputCombined, mOutputBinary);
+            checkNotSameFile(mInputCombined, mOutputXml);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputUnigramXml, mOutputBinary);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputUnigramXml, mOutputXml);
+            checkNotSameFile(mInputUnigramXml, mOutputCombined);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputShortcutXml, mOutputBinary);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputShortcutXml, mOutputXml);
+            checkNotSameFile(mInputShortcutXml, mOutputCombined);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputBigramXml, mOutputBinary);
             checkNotSameFile(mInputBigramXml, mOutputXml);
+            checkNotSameFile(mInputBigramXml, mOutputCombined);
             checkNotSameFile(mOutputBinary, mOutputXml);
+            checkNotSameFile(mOutputBinary, mOutputCombined);
+            checkNotSameFile(mOutputXml, mOutputCombined);
         }
 
         private void checkHasExactlyOneInput() {
-            if (null == mInputUnigramXml && null == mInputBinary) {
+            if (null == mInputUnigramXml && null == mInputBinary && null == mInputCombined) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("No input file specified");
-            } else if (null != mInputUnigramXml && null != mInputBinary) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("Both input XML and binary specified");
-            } else if (null != mInputBinary && null != mInputBigramXml) {
-                throw new RuntimeException("Cannot specify a binary input and a separate bigram "
-                        + "file");
+            } else if ((null != mInputUnigramXml && null != mInputBinary)
+                    || (null != mInputUnigramXml && null != mInputCombined)
+                    || (null != mInputBinary && null != mInputCombined)) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Several input files specified");
+            } else if ((null != mInputBinary || null != mInputCombined)
+                    && (null != mInputBigramXml || null != mInputShortcutXml)) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Separate bigrams/shortcut files are only supported"
+                        + " with XML input (other formats include bigrams and shortcuts already)");
             }
         }
 
         private void checkHasAtLeastOneOutput() {
-            if (null == mOutputBinary && null == mOutputXml) {
+            if (null == mOutputBinary && null == mOutputXml && null == mOutputCombined) {
                 throw new RuntimeException("No output specified");
             }
         }
@@ -110,17 +124,16 @@
         public static String getHelp() {
             return "Usage: makedict "
                     + "[-s <unigrams.xml> [-b <bigrams.xml>] [-c <shortcuts_and_whitelist.xml>] "
+                    + "| [-s <combined format input]"
                     + "| [-s <binary input>] [-d <binary output>] [-x <xml output>] "
+                    + " [-o <combined output>]"
                     + "[-1] [-2] [-3]\n"
                     + "\n"
                     + "  Converts a source dictionary file to one or several outputs.\n"
                     + "  Source can be an XML file, with an optional XML bigrams file, or a\n"
                     + "  binary dictionary file.\n"
-                    + "  Binary version 1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), 2 (Jelly Bean), 3 and XML outputs\n"
-                    + "  are supported. All three can be output at the same time, but the same\n"
-                    + "  output format cannot be specified several times. The behavior is\n"
-                    + "  unspecified if the same file is specified for input and output, or for\n"
-                    + "  several outputs.";
+                    + "  Binary version 1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), 2 (Jelly Bean), 3, XML and\n"
+                    + "  combined format outputs are supported.";
         }
 
         public Arguments(String[] argsArray) throws IOException {
@@ -129,11 +142,13 @@
                 displayHelp();
             }
             String inputBinary = null;
+            String inputCombined = null;
             String inputUnigramXml = null;
             String inputShortcutXml = null;
             String inputBigramXml = null;
             String outputBinary = null;
             String outputXml = null;
+            String outputCombined = null;
             int outputBinaryFormatVersion = 2; // the default version is 2.
 
             while (!args.isEmpty()) {
@@ -157,10 +172,15 @@
                         String filename = args.get(0);
                         args.remove(0);
                         if (OPTION_INPUT_SOURCE.equals(arg)) {
-                            if (BinaryDictInputOutput.isBinaryDictionary(filename)) {
+                            if (XmlDictInputOutput.isXmlUnigramDictionary(filename)) {
+                                inputUnigramXml = filename;
+                            } else if (CombinedInputOutput.isCombinedDictionary(filename)) {
+                                inputCombined = filename;
+                            } else if (BinaryDictInputOutput.isBinaryDictionary(filename)) {
                                 inputBinary = filename;
                             } else {
-                                inputUnigramXml = filename;
+                                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                                        "Unknown format for file " + filename);
                             }
                         } else if (OPTION_INPUT_SHORTCUT_XML.equals(arg)) {
                             inputShortcutXml = filename;
@@ -170,6 +190,8 @@
                             outputBinary = filename;
                         } else if (OPTION_OUTPUT_XML.equals(arg)) {
                             outputXml = filename;
+                        } else if (OPTION_OUTPUT_COMBINED.equals(arg)) {
+                            outputCombined = filename;
                         } else {
                             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown option : " + arg);
                         }
@@ -178,6 +200,8 @@
                     if (null == inputBinary && null == inputUnigramXml) {
                         if (BinaryDictInputOutput.isBinaryDictionary(arg)) {
                             inputBinary = arg;
+                        } else if (CombinedInputOutput.isCombinedDictionary(arg)) {
+                            inputCombined = arg;
                         } else {
                             inputUnigramXml = arg;
                         }
@@ -190,11 +214,13 @@
             }
 
             mInputBinary = inputBinary;
+            mInputCombined = inputCombined;
             mInputUnigramXml = inputUnigramXml;
             mInputShortcutXml = inputShortcutXml;
             mInputBigramXml = inputBigramXml;
             mOutputBinary = outputBinary;
             mOutputXml = outputXml;
+            mOutputCombined = outputCombined;
             mOutputBinaryFormatVersion = outputBinaryFormatVersion;
             checkIntegrity();
         }
@@ -219,6 +245,8 @@
             SAXException, FileNotFoundException {
         if (null != args.mInputBinary) {
             return readBinaryFile(args.mInputBinary);
+        } else if (null != args.mInputCombined) {
+            return readCombinedFile(args.mInputCombined);
         } else if (null != args.mInputUnigramXml) {
             return readXmlFile(args.mInputUnigramXml, args.mInputShortcutXml, args.mInputBigramXml);
         } else {
@@ -258,6 +286,32 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Read a dictionary from the name of a combined file.
+     *
+     * @param combinedFilename the name of the file in the combined format.
+     * @return the read dictionary.
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the file can't be found
+     * @throws IOException if the input file can't be read
+     */
+    private static FusionDictionary readCombinedFile(final String combinedFilename)
+        throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        FileInputStream inStream = null;
+        try {
+            final File file = new File(combinedFilename);
+            inStream = new FileInputStream(file);
+            return CombinedInputOutput.readDictionaryCombined(inStream);
+        } finally {
+            if (null != inStream) {
+                try {
+                    inStream.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Read a dictionary from a unigram XML file, and optionally a bigram XML file.
      *
      * @param unigramXmlFilename the name of the unigram XML file. May not be null.
@@ -298,6 +352,9 @@
         if (null != args.mOutputXml) {
             writeXmlDictionary(args.mOutputXml, dict);
         }
+        if (null != args.mOutputCombined) {
+            writeCombinedDictionary(args.mOutputCombined, dict);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -328,6 +385,21 @@
      */
     private static void writeXmlDictionary(final String outputFilename,
             final FusionDictionary dict) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
-        XmlDictInputOutput.writeDictionaryXml(new FileWriter(outputFilename), dict);
+        XmlDictInputOutput.writeDictionaryXml(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(outputFilename)),
+                dict);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write the dictionary in the combined format to the specified filename.
+     *
+     * @param outputFilename the name of the file to write to.
+     * @param dict the dictionary to write.
+     * @throws FileNotFoundException if the output file can't be created.
+     * @throws IOException if the output file can't be written to.
+     */
+    private static void writeCombinedDictionary(final String outputFilename,
+            final FusionDictionary dict) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+        CombinedInputOutput.writeDictionaryCombined(
+                new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(outputFilename)), dict);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Dicttool.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Dicttool.java
similarity index 98%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Dicttool.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Dicttool.java
index bf417fb..7b311c3 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Dicttool.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Dicttool.java
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
             new HashMap<String, Class<? extends Command>>();
     static {
         CommandList.populate();
-        AdditionalCommandList.populate();
     }
     public static void addCommand(final String commandName, final Class<? extends Command> cls) {
         sCommands.put(commandName, cls);
@@ -80,6 +79,7 @@
         } catch (Exception e) {
             System.out.println("Exception while processing command "
                     + command.getClass().getSimpleName() + " : " + e);
+            e.printStackTrace();
             return;
         }
     }
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Diff.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Diff.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c3e87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Diff.java
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.CharGroup;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.Word;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+public class Diff extends Dicttool.Command {
+    public static final String COMMAND = "diff";
+
+    public Diff() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getHelp() {
+        return COMMAND + " [-p] <dict> <dict> : shows differences between two dictionaries.\n"
+                + "  If -p (plumbing) option is given, produce output suitable for a script";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        if (mArgs.length < 2) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Not enough arguments for command " + COMMAND);
+        }
+        final boolean plumbing;
+        if ("-p".equals(mArgs[0])) {
+            plumbing = true;
+            mArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(mArgs, 1, mArgs.length);
+            if (mArgs.length != 2) { // There should be only 2 arguments left
+                throw new RuntimeException("Wrong number of arguments for command " + COMMAND);
+            }
+        } else {
+            plumbing = false;
+        }
+        final FusionDictionary dict0 =
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getDictionary(mArgs[0], false /* report */);
+        if (null == dict0) throw new RuntimeException("Can't read dictionary " + mArgs[0]);
+        final FusionDictionary dict1 =
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getDictionary(mArgs[1], false /* report */);
+        if (null == dict1) throw new RuntimeException("Can't read dictionary " + mArgs[1]);
+        if (!plumbing) {
+            System.out.println("Header :");
+            diffHeaders(dict0, dict1);
+            if (languageDiffers(dict0, dict1)) {
+                // We only check for the language here. The rationale is that one may meaningfully
+                // diff a en_US with a en_GB dictionary, but someone who diffs a de dict with a
+                // pt_BR dict is almost certainly only interested in header-level diff, and the word
+                // diff would be very large, meaningless, and annoying.
+                return;
+            }
+            System.out.println("Body :");
+        }
+        diffWords(dict0, dict1);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean languageDiffers(final FusionDictionary dict0,
+            final FusionDictionary dict1) {
+        // If either of the dictionaries have no locale, assume it's okay
+        if (null == dict0.mOptions.mAttributes.get("locale")) return false;
+        if (null == dict1.mOptions.mAttributes.get("locale")) return false;
+        final String dict0Lang = dict0.mOptions.mAttributes.get("locale").split("_", 3)[0];
+        final String dict1Lang = dict1.mOptions.mAttributes.get("locale").split("_", 3)[0];
+        return !dict0Lang.equals(dict1Lang);
+    }
+
+    private static void diffHeaders(final FusionDictionary dict0, final FusionDictionary dict1) {
+        boolean hasDifferences = false;
+        if (dict0.mOptions.mFrenchLigatureProcessing != dict1.mOptions.mFrenchLigatureProcessing) {
+            System.out.println("  French ligature processing : "
+                    + dict0.mOptions.mFrenchLigatureProcessing + " <=> "
+                    + dict1.mOptions.mFrenchLigatureProcessing);
+            hasDifferences = true;
+        }
+        else if (dict0.mOptions.mGermanUmlautProcessing != dict1.mOptions.mGermanUmlautProcessing) {
+            System.out.println("  German umlaut processing : "
+                    + dict0.mOptions.mGermanUmlautProcessing + " <=> "
+                    + dict1.mOptions.mGermanUmlautProcessing);
+            hasDifferences = true;
+        }
+        final HashMap<String, String> options1 =
+                new HashMap<String, String>(dict1.mOptions.mAttributes);
+        for (final String optionKey : dict0.mOptions.mAttributes.keySet()) {
+            if (!dict0.mOptions.mAttributes.get(optionKey).equals(
+                    dict1.mOptions.mAttributes.get(optionKey))) {
+                System.out.println("  " + optionKey + " : "
+                        + dict0.mOptions.mAttributes.get(optionKey) + " <=> "
+                        + dict1.mOptions.mAttributes.get(optionKey));
+                hasDifferences = true;
+            }
+            options1.remove(optionKey);
+        }
+        for (final String optionKey : options1.keySet()) {
+            System.out.println("  " + optionKey + " : null <=> " + options1.get(optionKey));
+            hasDifferences = true;
+        }
+        if (!hasDifferences) {
+            System.out.println("  No differences");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void diffWords(final FusionDictionary dict0, final FusionDictionary dict1) {
+        boolean hasDifferences = false;
+        for (final Word word0 : dict0) {
+            final CharGroup word1 = FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict1.mRoot, word0.mWord);
+            if (null == word1) {
+                // This word is not in dict1
+                System.out.println("Deleted: " + word0.mWord + " " + word0.mFrequency);
+                hasDifferences = true;
+            } else {
+                // We found the word. Compare frequencies, shortcuts, bigrams
+                if (word0.mFrequency != word1.getFrequency()) {
+                    System.out.println("Freq changed: " + word0.mWord + " " + word0.mFrequency
+                            + " -> " + word1.getFrequency());
+                    hasDifferences = true;
+                }
+                if (word0.mIsNotAWord != word1.getIsNotAWord()) {
+                    System.out.println("Not a word: " + word0.mWord + " " + word0.mIsNotAWord
+                            + " -> " + word1.getIsNotAWord());
+                    hasDifferences = true;
+                }
+                if (word0.mIsBlacklistEntry != word1.getIsBlacklistEntry()) {
+                    System.out.println("Blacklist: " + word0.mWord + " " + word0.mIsBlacklistEntry
+                            + " -> " + word1.getIsBlacklistEntry());
+                    hasDifferences = true;
+                }
+                hasDifferences |= hasAttributesDifferencesAndPrintThemIfAny(word0.mWord,
+                        "Bigram", word0.mBigrams, word1.getBigrams());
+                hasDifferences |= hasAttributesDifferencesAndPrintThemIfAny(word0.mWord,
+                        "Shortcut", word0.mShortcutTargets, word1.getShortcutTargets());
+            }
+        }
+        for (final Word word1 : dict1) {
+            final CharGroup word0 = FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict0.mRoot, word1.mWord);
+            if (null == word0) {
+                // This word is not in dict0
+                System.out.println("Added: " + word1.mWord + " " + word1.mFrequency);
+                hasDifferences = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!hasDifferences) {
+            System.out.println("  No differences");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasAttributesDifferencesAndPrintThemIfAny(final String word,
+            final String type, final ArrayList<WeightedString> list0,
+            final ArrayList<WeightedString> list1) {
+        if (null == list1) {
+            if (null == list0) return false;
+            for (final WeightedString attribute0 : list0) {
+                System.out.println(type + " removed: " + word + " " + attribute0.mWord + " "
+                        + attribute0.mFrequency);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        boolean hasDifferences = false;
+        if (null != list0) {
+            for (final WeightedString attribute0 : list0) {
+                // The following tests with #equals(). The WeightedString#equals() method returns
+                // true if both the string and the frequency are the same.
+                if (!list1.contains(attribute0)) {
+                    hasDifferences = true;
+                    // Search for a word with the same string but a different frequency
+                    boolean foundString = false;
+                    for (final WeightedString attribute1 : list1) {
+                        if (attribute0.mWord.equals(attribute1.mWord)) {
+                            System.out.println(type + " freq changed: " + word + " "
+                                    + attribute0.mWord + " " + attribute0.mFrequency + " -> "
+                                    + attribute1.mFrequency);
+                            list1.remove(attribute1);
+                            foundString = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!foundString) {
+                        // We come here if we haven't found any matching string.
+                        System.out.println(type + " removed: " + word + " " + attribute0.mWord + " "
+                                + attribute0.mFrequency);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    list1.remove(attribute0);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // We removed any matching word that we found, so now list1 only contains words that
+        // are not included in list0.
+        for (final WeightedString attribute1 : list1) {
+            hasDifferences = true;
+            System.out.println(type + " added: " + word + " " + attribute1.mWord + " "
+                    + attribute1.mFrequency);
+        }
+        return hasDifferences;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Info.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Info.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f289454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Info.java
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.CharGroup;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.Word;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+public class Info extends Dicttool.Command {
+    public static final String COMMAND = "info";
+
+    public Info() {
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getHelp() {
+        return COMMAND + " <filename>: prints various information about a dictionary file";
+    }
+
+    private static void showInfo(final FusionDictionary dict, final boolean plumbing) {
+        System.out.println("Header attributes :");
+        System.out.print(dict.mOptions.toString(2, plumbing));
+        int wordCount = 0;
+        int bigramCount = 0;
+        int shortcutCount = 0;
+        int whitelistCount = 0;
+        for (final Word w : dict) {
+            ++wordCount;
+            if (null != w.mBigrams) {
+                bigramCount += w.mBigrams.size();
+            }
+            if (null != w.mShortcutTargets) {
+                shortcutCount += w.mShortcutTargets.size();
+                for (WeightedString shortcutTarget : w.mShortcutTargets) {
+                    if (FormatSpec.SHORTCUT_WHITELIST_FREQUENCY == shortcutTarget.mFrequency) {
+                        ++whitelistCount;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        System.out.println("Words in the dictionary : " + wordCount);
+        System.out.println("Bigram count : " + bigramCount);
+        System.out.println("Shortcuts : " + shortcutCount + " (out of which " + whitelistCount
+                + " whitelist entries)");
+    }
+
+    private static void showWordInfo(final FusionDictionary dict, final String word,
+            final boolean plumbing) {
+        final CharGroup group = FusionDictionary.findWordInTree(dict.mRoot, word);
+        if (null == group) {
+            System.out.println(word + " is not in the dictionary");
+            return;
+        }
+        System.out.println("Word: " + word);
+        System.out.println("  Freq: " + group.getFrequency());
+        if (group.getIsNotAWord()) {
+            System.out.println("  Is not a word");
+        }
+        if (group.getIsBlacklistEntry()) {
+            System.out.println("  Is a blacklist entry");
+        }
+        final ArrayList<WeightedString> shortcutTargets = group.getShortcutTargets();
+        if (null == shortcutTargets || shortcutTargets.isEmpty()) {
+            System.out.println("  No shortcuts");
+        } else {
+            for (final WeightedString shortcutTarget : shortcutTargets) {
+                System.out.println("  Shortcut target: " + shortcutTarget.mWord + " ("
+                        + (FormatSpec.SHORTCUT_WHITELIST_FREQUENCY == shortcutTarget.mFrequency
+                                ? "whitelist" : shortcutTarget.mFrequency) + ")");
+            }
+        }
+        final ArrayList<WeightedString> bigrams = group.getBigrams();
+        if (null == bigrams || bigrams.isEmpty()) {
+            System.out.println("  No bigrams");
+        } else {
+            for (final WeightedString bigram : bigrams) {
+                System.out.println("  Bigram: " + bigram.mWord + " (" + bigram.mFrequency + ")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void run() {
+        if (mArgs.length < 1) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Not enough arguments for command " + COMMAND);
+        }
+        final boolean plumbing;
+        if ("-p".equals(mArgs[0])) {
+            plumbing = true;
+            mArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(mArgs, 1, mArgs.length);
+            if (mArgs.length != 1) { // There should be only 1 argument left
+                throw new RuntimeException("Wrong number of arguments for command " + COMMAND);
+            }
+        } else {
+            plumbing = false;
+        }
+        final String filename = mArgs[0];
+        final boolean hasWordArguments = (1 == mArgs.length);
+        final FusionDictionary dict = BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getDictionary(filename,
+                hasWordArguments /* report */);
+        if (hasWordArguments) {
+            showInfo(dict, plumbing);
+        } else {
+            for (int i = 1; i < mArgs.length; ++i) {
+                showWordInfo(dict, mArgs[i], plumbing);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Makedict.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Makedict.java
similarity index 97%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Makedict.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Makedict.java
index c004cfb..808e1d4 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Makedict.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Makedict.java
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@
     public Makedict() {
     }
 
+    @Override
     public String getHelp() {
         return DictionaryMaker.Arguments.getHelp();
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void run() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException,
             SAXException, UnsupportedFormatException {
         DictionaryMaker.main(mArgs);
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b294807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/Package.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+ * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+ * the License at
+ *
+ * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+ * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+ * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+ * the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+
+public class Package {
+    private Package() {
+        // This container class is not publicly instantiable.
+    }
+
+    static public class Packager extends Dicttool.Command {
+        public static final String COMMAND = "package";
+        private final static String PREFIX = "dicttool";
+        private final static String SUFFIX = ".tmp";
+
+        public Packager() {
+        }
+
+        public String getHelp() {
+            return COMMAND + " <src_filename> <dst_filename>: Package a file for distribution";
+        }
+
+        public void run() throws IOException {
+            if (mArgs.length != 2) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Too many/too few arguments for command " + COMMAND);
+            }
+            final File intermediateFile = File.createTempFile(PREFIX, SUFFIX);
+            try {
+                final Compress.Compressor compressCommand = new Compress.Compressor();
+                compressCommand.setArgs(new String[] { mArgs[0], intermediateFile.getPath() });
+                compressCommand.run();
+                final Crypt.Encrypter cryptCommand = new Crypt.Encrypter();
+                cryptCommand.setArgs(new String[] { intermediateFile.getPath(), mArgs[1] });
+                cryptCommand.run();
+            } finally {
+                intermediateFile.delete();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static public class Unpackager extends Dicttool.Command {
+        public static final String COMMAND = "unpackage";
+
+        public Unpackager() {
+        }
+
+        public String getHelp() {
+            return COMMAND + " <src_filename> <dst_filename>: Detects how a file is packaged and\n"
+                    + "decrypts/uncompresses as necessary to produce a raw binary file.";
+        }
+
+        public void run() throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
+            if (mArgs.length != 2) {
+                throw new RuntimeException("Too many/too few arguments for command " + COMMAND);
+            }
+            final BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.DecoderChainSpec decodedSpec =
+                    BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(new File(mArgs[0]));
+            if (null == decodedSpec) {
+                System.out.println(mArgs[0] + " does not seem to be a dictionary");
+                return;
+            }
+            System.out.println("Packaging : " + decodedSpec.describeChain());
+            System.out.println("Uncompressed size : " + decodedSpec.mFile.length());
+            final FileOutputStream dstStream = new FileOutputStream(new File(mArgs[1]));
+            BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.copy(new BufferedInputStream(
+                    new FileInputStream(decodedSpec.mFile)), new BufferedOutputStream(dstStream));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/XmlDictInputOutput.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/XmlDictInputOutput.java
similarity index 93%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/XmlDictInputOutput.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/XmlDictInputOutput.java
index 252c3d6..1fd2cba 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/XmlDictInputOutput.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/XmlDictInputOutput.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.WeightedString;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.Word;
 
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.io.Writer;
@@ -52,8 +56,6 @@
     private static final String WORD_ATTR = "word";
     private static final String NOT_A_WORD_ATTR = "not_a_word";
 
-    private static final int SHORTCUT_ONLY_DEFAULT_FREQ = 1;
-
     private static final String OPTIONS_KEY = "options";
     private static final String GERMAN_UMLAUT_PROCESSING_OPTION = "german_umlaut_processing";
     private static final String FRENCH_LIGATURE_PROCESSING_OPTION = "french_ligature_processing";
@@ -63,12 +65,9 @@
      */
     static private class UnigramHandler extends DefaultHandler {
         // Parser states
-        private static final int NONE = 0;
         private static final int START = 1;
         private static final int WORD = 2;
-        private static final int BIGRAM = 4;
-        private static final int END = 5;
-        private static final int UNKNOWN = 6;
+        private static final int UNKNOWN = 3;
 
         FusionDictionary mDictionary;
         int mState; // the state of the parser
@@ -264,6 +263,35 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Basic test to find out whether the file is in the unigram XML format or not.
+     *
+     * Concretely this only tests the header line.
+     *
+     * @param filename The name of the file to test.
+     * @return true if the file is in the unigram XML format, false otherwise
+     */
+    public static boolean isXmlUnigramDictionary(final String filename) {
+        BufferedReader reader = null;
+        try {
+            reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File(filename)));
+            final String firstLine = reader.readLine();
+            return firstLine.matches("^\\s*<wordlist .*>\\s*$");
+        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+            return false;
+        } catch (IOException e) {
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            if (reader != null) {
+                try {
+                    reader.close();
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // do nothing
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Reads a dictionary from an XML file.
      *
      * This is the public method that will parse an XML file and return the corresponding memory
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/MakedictLog.java b/tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/MakedictLog.java
similarity index 100%
rename from tools/dicttool/src/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/MakedictLog.java
rename to tools/dicttool/src/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/MakedictLog.java
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java b/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..554bd24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/dicttool/BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool;
+
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutput;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FormatSpec.FormatOptions;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.Node;
+import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.UnsupportedFormatException;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStream;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests
+ */
+public class BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests extends TestCase {
+    private static final int TEST_FREQ = 37; // Some arbitrary value unlikely to happen by chance
+
+    public void testGetRawDictWorks() throws IOException, UnsupportedFormatException {
+        // Create a thrice-compressed dictionary file.
+        final FusionDictionary dict = new FusionDictionary(new Node(),
+                new DictionaryOptions(new HashMap<String, String>(),
+                        false /* germanUmlautProcessing */, false /* frenchLigatureProcessing */));
+        dict.add("foo", TEST_FREQ, null, false /* isNotAWord */);
+        dict.add("fta", 1, null, false /* isNotAWord */);
+        dict.add("ftb", 1, null, false /* isNotAWord */);
+        dict.add("bar", 1, null, false /* isNotAWord */);
+        dict.add("fool", 1, null, false /* isNotAWord */);
+
+        final File dst = File.createTempFile("testGetRawDict", ".tmp");
+        dst.deleteOnExit();
+        final OutputStream out = Compress.getCompressedStream(
+                Compress.getCompressedStream(
+                        Compress.getCompressedStream(
+                                new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dst)))));
+
+        BinaryDictInputOutput.writeDictionaryBinary(out, dict, new FormatOptions(2, false));
+
+        // Test for an actually compressed dictionary and its contents
+        final BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.DecoderChainSpec decodeSpec =
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(dst);
+        for (final String step : decodeSpec.mDecoderSpec) {
+            assertEquals("Wrong decode spec", BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.COMPRESSION, step);
+        }
+        assertEquals("Wrong decode spec", 3, decodeSpec.mDecoderSpec.size());
+        final FileInputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(decodeSpec.mFile);
+        final ByteBuffer buffer = inStream.getChannel().map(
+                FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, decodeSpec.mFile.length());
+        final FusionDictionary resultDict = BinaryDictInputOutput.readDictionaryBinary(
+                new BinaryDictInputOutput.ByteBufferWrapper(buffer),
+                null /* dict : an optional dictionary to add words to, or null */);
+        assertEquals("Dictionary can't be read back correctly",
+                resultDict.findWordInTree(resultDict.mRoot, "foo").getFrequency(), TEST_FREQ);
+    }
+
+    public void testGetRawDictFails() throws IOException {
+        // Randomly create some 4k file containing garbage
+        final File dst = File.createTempFile("testGetRawDict", ".tmp");
+        dst.deleteOnExit();
+        final OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(dst));
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i) {
+            out.write(0x12345678);
+        }
+        out.close();
+
+        // Test that a random data file actually fails
+        assertNull("Wrongly identified data file",
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(dst));
+
+        final File gzDst = File.createTempFile("testGetRawDict", ".tmp");
+        gzDst.deleteOnExit();
+        final OutputStream gzOut =
+                Compress.getCompressedStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(gzDst)));
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1024; ++i) {
+            gzOut.write(0x12345678);
+        }
+        gzOut.close();
+
+        // Test that a compressed random data file actually fails
+        assertNull("Wrongly identified data file",
+                BinaryDictOffdeviceUtils.getRawBinaryDictionaryOrNull(gzDst));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutputTest.java b/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutputTest.java
index 88589b8..0969028 100644
--- a/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutputTest.java
+++ b/tools/dicttool/tests/com/android/inputmethod/latin/makedict/BinaryDictInputOutputTest.java
@@ -19,24 +19,15 @@
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.DictionaryOptions;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.FusionDictionary.Node;
 
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
-import junit.framework.TestCase;
-
 /**
  * Unit tests for BinaryDictInputOutput.
  */
 public class BinaryDictInputOutputTest extends TestCase {
-
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-    }
-
-    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        super.tearDown();
-    }
-
     // Test the flattened array contains the expected number of nodes, and
     // that it does not contain any duplicates.
     public void testFlattenNodes() {
@@ -55,5 +46,4 @@
             assertFalse("Flattened array contained the same node twice", result.contains(n));
         }
     }
-
 }
diff --git a/tools/dicttool/tests/etc/test-dicttool.sh b/tools/dicttool/tests/etc/test-dicttool.sh
index 8834611..0f3ed6d 100755
--- a/tools/dicttool/tests/etc/test-dicttool.sh
+++ b/tools/dicttool/tests/etc/test-dicttool.sh
@@ -13,4 +13,5 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-java -classpath ${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/framework/junit.jar:${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/../common/obj/JAVA_LIBRARIES/dicttool_intermediates/classes junit.textui.TestRunner com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutputTest
+java -classpath ${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/framework/junit.jar:${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/framework/dicttool_aosp.jar junit.textui.TestRunner com.android.inputmethod.latin.makedict.BinaryDictInputOutputTest
+java -classpath ${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/framework/junit.jar:${ANDROID_HOST_OUT}/framework/dicttool_aosp.jar junit.textui.TestRunner com.android.inputmethod.latin.dicttool.BinaryDictOffdeviceUtilsTests
diff --git a/tools/maketext/res/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.tmpl b/tools/maketext/res/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.tmpl
index 774094c..00637af 100644
--- a/tools/maketext/res/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.tmpl
+++ b/tools/maketext/res/com/android/inputmethod/keyboard/internal/KeyboardTextsSet.tmpl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 
+import com.android.inputmethod.annotations.UsedForTesting;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.CollectionUtils;
 import com.android.inputmethod.latin.R;
 
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
         loadStringResourcesInternal(context, RESOURCE_NAMES, R.string.english_ime_name);
     }
 
-    /* package for test */
+    @UsedForTesting
     void loadStringResourcesInternal(Context context, final String[] resourceNames,
             int referenceId) {
         final Resources res = context.getResources();