diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/desktop/DesktopRecentsTransitionController.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/desktop/DesktopRecentsTransitionController.kt
index 40cfe92..a01846d 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/desktop/DesktopRecentsTransitionController.kt
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/desktop/DesktopRecentsTransitionController.kt
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import com.android.launcher3.util.Executors.MAIN_EXECUTOR
 import com.android.quickstep.SystemUiProxy
 import com.android.quickstep.TaskViewUtils
+import com.android.quickstep.util.DesksUtils.Companion.areMultiDesksFlagsEnabled
 import com.android.quickstep.views.DesktopTaskView
 import com.android.quickstep.views.TaskContainer
 import com.android.quickstep.views.TaskView
@@ -60,7 +61,11 @@
                 callback,
             )
         val transition = RemoteTransition(animRunner, appThread, "RecentsToDesktop")
-        systemUiProxy.showDesktopApps(desktopTaskView.displayId, transition)
+        if (areMultiDesksFlagsEnabled()) {
+            systemUiProxy.activateDesk(desktopTaskView.deskId, transition)
+        } else {
+            systemUiProxy.showDesktopApps(desktopTaskView.displayId, transition)
+        }
     }
 
     /** Launch desktop tasks from recents view */
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/statehandlers/DesktopVisibilityController.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/statehandlers/DesktopVisibilityController.kt
index eb24df1..2402a28 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/statehandlers/DesktopVisibilityController.kt
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/statehandlers/DesktopVisibilityController.kt
@@ -401,6 +401,39 @@
         DisplayController.INSTANCE.get(context).notifyConfigChange()
     }
 
+    private fun notifyOnDeskAdded(displayId: Int, deskId: Int) {
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "notifyOnDeskAdded: displayId=$displayId, deskId=$deskId")
+        }
+
+        for (listener in desktopVisibilityListeners) {
+            listener.onDeskAdded(displayId, deskId)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun notifyOnDeskRemoved(displayId: Int, deskId: Int) {
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "notifyOnDeskRemoved: displayId=$displayId, deskId=$deskId")
+        }
+
+        for (listener in desktopVisibilityListeners) {
+            listener.onDeskRemoved(displayId, deskId)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun notifyOnActiveDeskChanged(displayId: Int, newActiveDesk: Int, oldActiveDesk: Int) {
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            Log.d(
+                TAG,
+                "notifyOnActiveDeskChanged: displayId=$displayId, newActiveDesk=$newActiveDesk, oldActiveDesk=$oldActiveDesk",
+            )
+        }
+
+        for (listener in desktopVisibilityListeners) {
+            listener.onActiveDeskChanged(displayId, newActiveDesk, oldActiveDesk)
+        }
+    }
+
     /** TODO: b/333533253 - Remove after flag rollout */
     private fun setBackgroundStateEnabled(backgroundStateEnabled: Boolean) {
         if (DEBUG) {
@@ -511,6 +544,8 @@
                 "Found a duplicate desk Id: $deskId on display: $displayId"
             }
         }
+
+        notifyOnDeskAdded(displayId, deskId)
     }
 
     private fun onDeskRemoved(displayId: Int, deskId: Int) {
@@ -526,6 +561,8 @@
                 it.activeDeskId = INACTIVE_DESK_ID
             }
         }
+
+        notifyOnDeskRemoved(displayId, deskId)
     }
 
     private fun onActiveDeskChanged(displayId: Int, newActiveDesk: Int, oldActiveDesk: Int) {
@@ -539,12 +576,16 @@
             check(oldActiveDesk == it.activeDeskId) {
                 "Mismatch between the Shell's oldActiveDesk: $oldActiveDesk, and Launcher's: ${it.activeDeskId}"
             }
-            check(it.deskIds.contains(newActiveDesk)) {
+            check(newActiveDesk == INACTIVE_DESK_ID || it.deskIds.contains(newActiveDesk)) {
                 "newActiveDesk: $newActiveDesk was never added to display: $displayId"
             }
             it.activeDeskId = newActiveDesk
         }
 
+        if (newActiveDesk != oldActiveDesk) {
+            notifyOnActiveDeskChanged(displayId, newActiveDesk, oldActiveDesk)
+        }
+
         if (wasInDesktopMode != isInDesktopModeAndNotInOverview(displayId)) {
             notifyIsInDesktopModeChanged(displayId, !wasInDesktopMode)
         }
@@ -718,6 +759,6 @@
         private const val TAG = "DesktopVisController"
         private const val DEBUG = false
 
-        public const val INACTIVE_DESK_ID = -1
+        const val INACTIVE_DESK_ID = -1
     }
 }
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/taskbar/KeyboardQuickSwitchController.java b/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/taskbar/KeyboardQuickSwitchController.java
index cc94824..1698050 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/taskbar/KeyboardQuickSwitchController.java
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/launcher3/taskbar/KeyboardQuickSwitchController.java
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
                                 mHasDesktopTask,
                                 mWasDesktopTaskFilteredOut);
                     }, shouldShowDesktopTasks ? RecentsFilterState.EMPTY_FILTER
-                            : RecentsFilterState.getEmptyDesktopTaskFilter());
+                            : RecentsFilterState.getDesktopTaskFilter());
                 }
 
                 mQuickSwitchViewController.updateLayoutForSurface(wasOpenedFromTaskbar,
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
                     mWasDesktopTaskFilteredOut,
                     wasOpenedFromTaskbar);
         }, shouldShowDesktopTasks ? RecentsFilterState.EMPTY_FILTER
-                : RecentsFilterState.getEmptyDesktopTaskFilter());
+                : RecentsFilterState.getDesktopTaskFilter());
     }
 
     private boolean shouldExcludeTask(GroupTask task, Set<Integer> taskIdsToExclude) {
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksList.java b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksList.java
index ac88e5a..cc5b2da 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksList.java
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksList.java
@@ -38,8 +38,10 @@
 import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
 
 import com.android.launcher3.statehandlers.DesktopVisibilityController;
+import com.android.launcher3.util.DaggerSingletonTracker;
 import com.android.launcher3.util.LooperExecutor;
 import com.android.launcher3.util.SplitConfigurationOptions;
+import com.android.launcher3.util.window.WindowManagerProxy;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.DesktopTask;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.ExternalDisplaysKt;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.GroupTask;
@@ -70,7 +72,10 @@
 /**
  * Manages the recent task list from the system, caching it as necessary.
  */
-public class RecentTasksList {
+// TODO: b/401602554 - Consider letting [DesktopTasksController] notify [RecentTasksController] of
+//  desk changes to trigger [IRecentTasksListener.onRecentTasksChanged()], instead of implementing
+//  [DesktopVisibilityListener].
+public class RecentTasksList implements WindowManagerProxy.DesktopVisibilityListener {
 
     private static final TaskLoadResult INVALID_RESULT = new TaskLoadResult(-1, false, 0);
 
@@ -78,6 +83,7 @@
     private final KeyguardManager mKeyguardManager;
     private final LooperExecutor mMainThreadExecutor;
     private final SystemUiProxy mSysUiProxy;
+    private final DesktopVisibilityController mDesktopVisibilityController;
 
     // The list change id, increments as the task list changes in the system
     private int mChangeId;
@@ -95,13 +101,16 @@
 
     public RecentTasksList(Context context, LooperExecutor mainThreadExecutor,
             KeyguardManager keyguardManager, SystemUiProxy sysUiProxy,
-            TopTaskTracker topTaskTracker) {
+            TopTaskTracker topTaskTracker,
+            DesktopVisibilityController desktopVisibilityController,
+            DaggerSingletonTracker tracker) {
         mContext = context;
         mMainThreadExecutor = mainThreadExecutor;
         mKeyguardManager = keyguardManager;
         mChangeId = 1;
         mSysUiProxy = sysUiProxy;
-        sysUiProxy.registerRecentTasksListener(new IRecentTasksListener.Stub() {
+        mDesktopVisibilityController = desktopVisibilityController;
+        final IRecentTasksListener recentTasksListener = new IRecentTasksListener.Stub() {
             @Override
             public void onRecentTasksChanged() throws RemoteException {
                 mMainThreadExecutor.execute(RecentTasksList.this::onRecentTasksChanged);
@@ -147,7 +156,19 @@
                     topTaskTracker.onVisibleTasksChanged(visibleTasks);
                 });
             }
-        });
+        };
+
+        mSysUiProxy.registerRecentTasksListener(recentTasksListener);
+        tracker.addCloseable(
+                () -> mSysUiProxy.unregisterRecentTasksListener(recentTasksListener));
+
+        if (DesktopModeStatus.enableMultipleDesktops(mContext)) {
+            mDesktopVisibilityController.registerDesktopVisibilityListener(
+                    this);
+            tracker.addCloseable(
+                    () -> mDesktopVisibilityController.unregisterDesktopVisibilityListener(this));
+        }
+
         // We may receive onRunningTaskAppeared events later for tasks which have already been
         // included in the list returned by mSysUiProxy.getRunningTasks(), or may receive
         // onRunningTaskVanished for tasks not included in the returned list. These cases will be
@@ -286,6 +307,27 @@
         return mRunningTasks;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void onDeskAdded(int displayId, int deskId) {
+        onRecentTasksChanged();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDeskRemoved(int displayId, int deskId) {
+        onRecentTasksChanged();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onActiveDeskChanged(int displayId, int newActiveDesk, int oldActiveDesk) {
+        // Should desk activation changes lead to the invalidation of the loaded tasks? The cases
+        // are:
+        // - Switching from one active desk to another.
+        // - Switching from out of a desk session into an active desk.
+        // - Switching from an active desk to a non-desk session.
+        // These changes don't affect the list of desks, nor their contents, so let's ignore them
+        // for now.
+    }
+
     private void onRunningTaskAppeared(RunningTaskInfo taskInfo) {
         // Make sure this task is not already in the list
         for (RunningTaskInfo existingTask : mRunningTasks) {
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsAnimationTargets.java b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsAnimationTargets.java
index cf7e499..0deb1ca 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsAnimationTargets.java
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsAnimationTargets.java
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@
         if (!DesktopModeStatus.canEnterDesktopMode(context)) {
             return false;
         }
+        // TODO: b/400866688 - Check if we need to update this such that for an empty desk, we
+        //  receive a list of apps that contain only the Launcher and the `DesktopWallpaperActivity`
+        //  and both are fullscreen windowing mode. A desk can also have transparent modals and
+        //  immersive apps which may not have a "freeform" windowing mode.
         for (RemoteAnimationTarget target : apps) {
             if (target.windowConfiguration.getWindowingMode() == WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM) {
                 return true;
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsFilterState.java b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsFilterState.java
index c4b0f25..1808a97 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsFilterState.java
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsFilterState.java
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
 
+import com.android.quickstep.util.DesksUtils;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.GroupTask;
 import com.android.quickstep.views.TaskViewType;
 import com.android.systemui.shared.recents.model.Task;
@@ -117,37 +118,43 @@
      * Returns a predicate for filtering out GroupTasks by package name.
      *
      * @param packageName package name to filter GroupTasks by
-     *                    if null, Predicate filters out desktop tasks with no non-minimized tasks.
+     *                    if null, Predicate filters out desktop tasks with no non-minimized tasks,
+     *                    unless the multiple desks feature is enabled, which allows empty desks.
      */
     public static Predicate<GroupTask> getFilter(@Nullable String packageName) {
         if (packageName == null) {
-            return getEmptyDesktopTaskFilter();
+            return getDesktopTaskFilter();
         }
 
         return (groupTask) -> (groupTask.containsPackage(packageName)
-                && !isDestopTaskWithMinimizedTasksOnly(groupTask));
+                && shouldKeepGroupTask(groupTask));
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a predicate that filters out desk tasks that contain no non-minimized desktop tasks.
+     * Returns a predicate that filters out desk tasks that contain no non-minimized desktop tasks,
+     * unless the multiple desks feature is enabled, which allows empty desks.
      */
-    public static Predicate<GroupTask> getEmptyDesktopTaskFilter() {
-        return (groupTask -> !isDestopTaskWithMinimizedTasksOnly(groupTask));
+    public static Predicate<GroupTask> getDesktopTaskFilter() {
+        return (groupTask -> shouldKeepGroupTask(groupTask));
     }
 
     /**
-     * Whether the provided task is a desktop task with no non-minimized tasks - returns true if the
-     * desktop task has no tasks at all.
+     * Returns true if the given `groupTask` should be kept, and false if it should be filtered out.
+     * Desks will be filtered out if they are empty unless the multiple desks feature is enabled.
      *
      * @param groupTask The group task to check.
      */
-    static boolean isDestopTaskWithMinimizedTasksOnly(GroupTask groupTask) {
+    private static boolean shouldKeepGroupTask(GroupTask groupTask) {
         if (groupTask.taskViewType != TaskViewType.DESKTOP) {
-            return false;
+            return true;
         }
+
+        if (DesksUtils.areMultiDesksFlagsEnabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
         return groupTask.getTasks().stream()
-                .filter(task -> !task.isMinimized)
-                .toList().isEmpty();
+                .anyMatch(task -> !task.isMinimized);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsModel.java b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsModel.java
index 1d83d42..e1adf3d 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsModel.java
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentsModel.java
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 import com.android.launcher3.graphics.ThemeManager;
 import com.android.launcher3.graphics.ThemeManager.ThemeChangeListener;
 import com.android.launcher3.icons.IconProvider;
+import com.android.launcher3.statehandlers.DesktopVisibilityController;
 import com.android.launcher3.util.DaggerSingletonObject;
 import com.android.launcher3.util.DaggerSingletonTracker;
 import com.android.launcher3.util.DisplayController;
@@ -61,6 +62,8 @@
 import com.android.systemui.shared.system.TaskStackChangeListener;
 import com.android.systemui.shared.system.TaskStackChangeListeners;
 
+import dagger.Lazy;
+
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -72,8 +75,6 @@
 
 import javax.inject.Inject;
 
-import dagger.Lazy;
-
 /**
  * Singleton class to load and manage recents model.
  */
@@ -104,12 +105,14 @@
             DisplayController displayController,
             LockedUserState lockedUserState,
             Lazy<ThemeManager> themeManagerLazy,
+            DesktopVisibilityController desktopVisibilityController,
             DaggerSingletonTracker tracker
             ) {
         // Lazily inject the ThemeManager and access themeManager once the device is
         // unlocked. See b/393248495 for details.
         this(context, new IconProvider(context), systemUiProxy, topTaskTracker,
-                displayController, lockedUserState,themeManagerLazy, tracker);
+                displayController, lockedUserState, themeManagerLazy, desktopVisibilityController,
+                tracker);
     }
 
     @SuppressLint("VisibleForTests")
@@ -120,6 +123,7 @@
             DisplayController displayController,
             LockedUserState lockedUserState,
             Lazy<ThemeManager> themeManagerLazy,
+            DesktopVisibilityController desktopVisibilityController,
             DaggerSingletonTracker tracker) {
         this(context,
                 new RecentTasksList(
@@ -127,7 +131,7 @@
                         MAIN_EXECUTOR,
                         context.getSystemService(KeyguardManager.class),
                         systemUiProxy,
-                        topTaskTracker),
+                        topTaskTracker, desktopVisibilityController, tracker),
                 new TaskIconCache(context, RECENTS_MODEL_EXECUTOR, iconProvider, displayController),
                 new TaskThumbnailCache(context, RECENTS_MODEL_EXECUTOR),
                 iconProvider,
@@ -205,7 +209,7 @@
     @Override
     public int getTasks(@Nullable Consumer<List<GroupTask>> callback) {
         return mTaskList.getTasks(false /* loadKeysOnly */, callback,
-                RecentsFilterState.getEmptyDesktopTaskFilter());
+                RecentsFilterState.getDesktopTaskFilter());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/SystemUiProxy.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/SystemUiProxy.kt
index d6f6540..506f85d 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/SystemUiProxy.kt
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/SystemUiProxy.kt
@@ -1096,18 +1096,26 @@
     // Desktop Mode
     //
     /** Calls shell to create a new desk (if possible) on the display whose ID is `displayId`. */
-    fun createDesktop(displayId: Int) =
+    fun createDesk(displayId: Int) =
         executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call createDesk" }) { desktopMode?.createDesk(displayId) }
 
     /**
      * Calls shell to activate the desk whose ID is `deskId` on whatever display it exists on. This
      * will bring all tasks on this desk to the front.
      */
-    fun activateDesktop(deskId: Int, transition: RemoteTransition?) =
+    fun activateDesk(deskId: Int, transition: RemoteTransition?) =
         executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call activateDesk" }) {
             desktopMode?.activateDesk(deskId, transition)
         }
 
+    /** Calls shell to remove the desk whose ID is `deskId`. */
+    fun removeDesk(deskId: Int) =
+        executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call removeDesk" }) { desktopMode?.removeDesk(deskId) }
+
+    /** Calls shell to remove all the available desks on all displays. */
+    fun removeAllDesks() =
+        executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call removeAllDesks" }) { desktopMode?.removeAllDesks() }
+
     /** Call shell to show all apps active on the desktop */
     fun showDesktopApps(displayId: Int, transition: RemoteTransition?) =
         executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call showDesktopApps" }) {
@@ -1159,9 +1167,9 @@
         }
 
     /** Call shell to remove the desktop that is on given `displayId` */
-    fun removeDesktop(displayId: Int) =
-        executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call removeDesktop" }) {
-            desktopMode?.removeDesktop(displayId)
+    fun removeDefaultDeskInDisplay(displayId: Int) =
+        executeWithErrorLog({ "Failed call removeDefaultDeskInDisplay" }) {
+            desktopMode?.removeDefaultDeskInDisplay(displayId)
         }
 
     /** Call shell to move a task with given `taskId` to external display. */
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/util/DesksUtils.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/util/DesksUtils.kt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccfdbb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/util/DesksUtils.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.quickstep.util
+
+import android.content.Context
+import android.window.DesktopExperienceFlags
+import com.android.systemui.shared.recents.model.Task
+
+class DesksUtils {
+    companion object {
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun areMultiDesksFlagsEnabled() =
+            DesktopExperienceFlags.ENABLE_MULTIPLE_DESKTOPS_BACKEND.isTrue() &&
+                DesktopExperienceFlags.ENABLE_MULTIPLE_DESKTOPS_FRONTEND.isTrue()
+
+        /** Returns true if this [task] contains the [DesktopWallpaperActivity]. */
+        @JvmStatic
+        fun isDesktopWallpaperTask(context: Context, task: Task): Boolean {
+            val sysUiPackage =
+                context.getResources().getString(com.android.internal.R.string.config_systemUi)
+            val component = task.key.component
+            if (component != null) {
+                return component.className.contains("DesktopWallpaperActivity") &&
+                    component.packageName.contains(sysUiPackage)
+            }
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/DesktopTaskView.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/DesktopTaskView.kt
index 1d035e9..27657b4 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/DesktopTaskView.kt
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/DesktopTaskView.kt
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import com.android.launcher3.Flags.enableOverviewIconMenu
 import com.android.launcher3.Flags.enableRefactorTaskThumbnail
 import com.android.launcher3.R
+import com.android.launcher3.statehandlers.DesktopVisibilityController
 import com.android.launcher3.testing.TestLogging
 import com.android.launcher3.testing.shared.TestProtocol
 import com.android.launcher3.util.RunnableList
@@ -68,6 +69,8 @@
         type = TaskViewType.DESKTOP,
         thumbnailFullscreenParams = DesktopFullscreenDrawParams(context),
     ) {
+    var deskId = DesktopVisibilityController.INACTIVE_DESK_ID
+
     private val contentViewFullscreenParams = FullscreenDrawParams(context)
 
     private val taskContentViewPool =
@@ -281,6 +284,7 @@
         orientedState: RecentsOrientedState,
         taskOverlayFactory: TaskOverlayFactory,
     ) {
+        deskId = desktopTask.deskId
         // TODO(b/370495260): Minimized tasks should not be filtered with desktop exploded view
         // support.
         // Minimized tasks should not be shown in Overview.
@@ -332,12 +336,18 @@
 
     override fun onRecycle() {
         super.onRecycle()
+        deskId = DesktopVisibilityController.INACTIVE_DESK_ID
         explodeProgress = 0.0f
         viewModel = null
         visibility = VISIBLE
         taskContainers.forEach { removeAndRecycleThumbnailView(it) }
     }
 
+    override fun setOrientationState(orientationState: RecentsOrientedState) {
+        super.setOrientationState(orientationState)
+        iconView.setIconOrientation(orientationState, isGridTask)
+    }
+
     @SuppressLint("RtlHardcoded")
     override fun updateTaskSize(lastComputedTaskSize: Rect, lastComputedGridTaskSize: Rect) {
         super.updateTaskSize(lastComputedTaskSize, lastComputedGridTaskSize)
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsView.java b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsView.java
index c282e77..0e007f0 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsView.java
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsView.java
@@ -211,6 +211,7 @@
 import com.android.quickstep.recents.viewmodel.RecentsViewModel;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.ActiveGestureProtoLogProxy;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.AnimUtils;
+import com.android.quickstep.util.DesksUtils;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.DesktopTask;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.GroupTask;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.LayoutUtils;
@@ -253,6 +254,7 @@
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
@@ -1924,6 +1926,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
+        // TODO: b/400532675 - The use of `currentTaskIds`, `runningTaskIds`, and `focusedTaskIds`
+        // needs to be audited so that they can work with empty desks that have no tasks.
         int[] currentTaskIds;
         TaskView currentTaskView = getTaskViewAt(mCurrentPage);
         if (currentTaskView != null) {
@@ -2826,9 +2830,13 @@
     /**
      * Called when a gesture from an app is starting.
      */
+    // TODO: b/401582344 - Implement a way to exclude the `DesktopWallpaperActivity` from being
+    //  considered in Overview.
     public void onGestureAnimationStart(Task[] runningTasks) {
         Log.d(TAG, "onGestureAnimationStart - runningTasks: " + Arrays.toString(runningTasks));
         mActiveGestureRunningTasks = runningTasks;
+
+
         // This needs to be called before the other states are set since it can create the task view
         if (mOrientationState.setGestureActive(true)) {
             reapplyActiveRotation();
@@ -3062,6 +3070,21 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Creates a `DesktopTaskView` for the currently active desk on this display, which contains the
+     * gievn `runningTasks`.
+     */
+    private DesktopTaskView createDesktopTaskViewForActiveDesk(Task[] runningTasks) {
+        final int activeDeskId = mUtils.getActiveDeskIdOnThisDisplay();
+        final var desktopTaskView = (DesktopTaskView) getTaskViewFromPool(TaskViewType.DESKTOP);
+
+        // TODO: b/401582344 - Implement a way to exclude the `DesktopWallpaperActivity`.
+        desktopTaskView.bind(
+                new DesktopTask(activeDeskId, Arrays.asList(runningTasks)),
+                mOrientationState, mTaskOverlayFactory);
+        return desktopTaskView;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Creates a task view (if necessary) to represent the task with the {@param runningTaskId}.
      *
      * All subsequent calls to reload will keep the task as the first item until {@link #reset()}
@@ -3075,20 +3098,14 @@
         }
 
         int runningTaskViewId = -1;
-        boolean needGroupTaskView = runningTasks.length > 1;
-        boolean needDesktopTask = hasDesktopTask(runningTasks);
         if (shouldAddStubTaskView(runningTasks)) {
             boolean wasEmpty = getChildCount() == 0;
             // Add an empty view for now until the task plan is loaded and applied
             final TaskView taskView;
+            final boolean needGroupTaskView = runningTasks.length > 1;
+            final boolean needDesktopTask = hasDesktopTask(runningTasks);
             if (needDesktopTask) {
-                final int activeDeskId =
-                        DesktopVisibilityController.INSTANCE.get(mContext).getActiveDeskId(
-                                mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId());
-                taskView = getTaskViewFromPool(TaskViewType.DESKTOP);
-                ((DesktopTaskView) taskView).bind(
-                        new DesktopTask(activeDeskId, Arrays.asList(runningTasks)),
-                        mOrientationState, mTaskOverlayFactory);
+                taskView = createDesktopTaskViewForActiveDesk(runningTasks);
             } else if (needGroupTaskView) {
                 taskView = getTaskViewFromPool(TaskViewType.GROUPED);
                 // When we create a placeholder task view mSplitBoundsConfig will be null, but with
@@ -3114,8 +3131,11 @@
             measure(makeMeasureSpec(getMeasuredWidth(), EXACTLY),
                     makeMeasureSpec(getMeasuredHeight(), EXACTLY));
             layout(getLeft(), getTop(), getRight(), getBottom());
-        } else if (getTaskViewByTaskId(runningTasks[0].key.id) != null) {
-            runningTaskViewId = getTaskViewByTaskId(runningTasks[0].key.id).getTaskViewId();
+        } else {
+            var runningTaskView = getTaskViewByTaskId(runningTasks[0].key.id);
+            if (runningTaskView != null) {
+                runningTaskViewId = runningTaskView.getTaskViewId();
+            }
         }
 
         boolean runningTaskTileHidden = mRunningTaskTileHidden;
@@ -3154,6 +3174,10 @@
                 return true;
             }
         }
+
+        // A running empty desk will have a single running app for the `DesktopWallpaperActivity`.
+        // TODO: b/401582344 - Implement a way to exclude the `DesktopWallpaperActivity`.
+
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -4525,24 +4549,33 @@
         return lastVisibleTaskView;
     }
 
-  private void removeTaskInternal(@NonNull TaskView dismissedTaskView) {
-    UI_HELPER_EXECUTOR
-        .getHandler()
-        .post(
-            () -> {
-              if (DesktopModeFlags.ENABLE_DESKTOP_WINDOWING_BACK_NAVIGATION.isTrue()
-                  && dismissedTaskView instanceof DesktopTaskView) {
-                // TODO: b/362720497 - Use the api with desktop id instead.
-                SystemUiProxy.INSTANCE
+    private void removeTaskInternal(@NonNull TaskView dismissedTaskView) {
+        UI_HELPER_EXECUTOR
+                .getHandler()
+                .post(
+                        () -> {
+                            if (dismissedTaskView instanceof DesktopTaskView desktopTaskView) {
+                                removeDesktopTaskView(desktopTaskView);
+                            } else {
+                                for (int taskId : dismissedTaskView.getTaskIds()) {
+                                    ActivityManagerWrapper.getInstance().removeTask(taskId);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        });
+    }
+
+    private void removeDesktopTaskView(DesktopTaskView desktopTaskView) {
+        if (DesksUtils.areMultiDesksFlagsEnabled()) {
+            SystemUiProxy.INSTANCE
                     .get(getContext())
-                    .removeDesktop(mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId());
-              } else {
-                for (int taskId : dismissedTaskView.getTaskIds()) {
-                    ActivityManagerWrapper.getInstance().removeTask(taskId);
-                }
-              }
-            });
-  }
+                    .removeDesk(desktopTaskView.getDeskId());
+        } else if (DesktopModeFlags.ENABLE_DESKTOP_WINDOWING_BACK_NAVIGATION.isTrue()) {
+            SystemUiProxy.INSTANCE
+                    .get(getContext())
+                    .removeDefaultDeskInDisplay(
+                            mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId());
+        }
+    }
 
     protected void onDismissAnimationEnds() {
         AccessibilityManagerCompat.sendTestProtocolEventToTest(getContext(),
@@ -4562,6 +4595,12 @@
         mPendingAnimation = anim;
         mPendingAnimation.addEndListener(isSuccess -> {
             if (isSuccess) {
+                // Remove desktops first, since desks can be empty (so they have no recent tasks),
+                // and closing all tasks on a desk doesn't always necessarily mean that the desk
+                // will be removed. So, there are no guarantees that the below call to
+                // `ActivityManagerWrapper::removeAllRecentTasks()` will be enough.
+                SystemUiProxy.INSTANCE.get(getContext()).removeAllDesks();
+
                 // Remove all the task views now
                 finishRecentsAnimation(true /* toRecents */, false /* shouldPip */, () -> {
                     UI_HELPER_EXECUTOR.getHandler().post(
@@ -4691,7 +4730,7 @@
     private void createDesk(View view) {
         SystemUiProxy.INSTANCE
                 .get(getContext())
-                .createDesktop(mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId());
+                .createDesk(mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -6924,6 +6963,58 @@
         // TODO: b/389209338 - update the AddDesktopButton's visibility on this.
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void onDeskAdded(int displayId, int deskId) {
+        // Ignore desk changes that don't belong to this display.
+        if (displayId != mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (mUtils.getDesktopTaskViewForDeskId(deskId) != null) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "A task view for this desk has already been added.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // We assume that a newly added desk is always empty and gets added to the left of the
+        // `AddNewDesktopButton`.
+        DesktopTaskView desktopTaskView =
+                (DesktopTaskView) getTaskViewFromPool(TaskViewType.DESKTOP);
+        desktopTaskView.bind(new DesktopTask(deskId, new ArrayList<>()),
+                mOrientationState, mTaskOverlayFactory);
+
+        Objects.requireNonNull(mAddDesktopButton);
+        final int insertionIndex = 1 + indexOfChild(mAddDesktopButton);
+        addView(desktopTaskView, insertionIndex);
+
+        updateTaskSize();
+        updateChildTaskOrientations();
+
+        // TODO: b/401002178 - Recalculate the new current page such that the addition of the new
+        //  desk does not result in a change in the current scroll page.
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onDeskRemoved(int displayId, int deskId) {
+        // Ignore desk changes that don't belong to this display.
+        if (displayId != mContainer.getDisplay().getDisplayId()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // We need to distinguish between desk removals that are triggered from outside of overview
+        // vs. the ones that were initiated from overview by dismissing the corresponding desktop
+        // task view.
+        var taskView = mUtils.getDesktopTaskViewForDeskId(deskId);
+        if (taskView != null) {
+            dismissTaskView(taskView, true, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void onActiveDeskChanged(int displayId, int newActiveDesk, int oldActiveDesk) {
+        // TODO: b/400870600 - We may need to add code here to special case when an empty desk gets
+        // activated, since `RemoteDesktopLaunchTransitionRunner` doesn't always get triggered.
+    }
+
     /** Get the color used for foreground scrimming the RecentsView for sharing. */
     public static int getForegroundScrimDimColor(Context context) {
         return context.getColor(R.color.overview_foreground_scrim_color);
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsViewUtils.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsViewUtils.kt
index 1c37986..037bef6 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsViewUtils.kt
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/RecentsViewUtils.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@
 import androidx.core.view.children
 import com.android.launcher3.Flags.enableLargeDesktopWindowingTile
 import com.android.launcher3.Flags.enableSeparateExternalDisplayTasks
+import com.android.launcher3.statehandlers.DesktopVisibilityController
+import com.android.launcher3.statehandlers.DesktopVisibilityController.Companion.INACTIVE_DESK_ID
 import com.android.launcher3.util.IntArray
+import com.android.quickstep.util.DesksUtils
+import com.android.quickstep.util.DesktopTask
 import com.android.quickstep.util.GroupTask
 import com.android.quickstep.util.isExternalDisplay
 import com.android.quickstep.views.RecentsView.RUNNING_TASK_ATTACH_ALPHA
@@ -52,7 +56,12 @@
      * @return Sorted list of GroupTasks to be used in the RecentsView.
      */
     fun sortDesktopTasksToFront(tasks: List<GroupTask>): List<GroupTask> {
-        val (desktopTasks, otherTasks) = tasks.partition { it.taskViewType == TaskViewType.DESKTOP }
+        var (desktopTasks, otherTasks) = tasks.partition { it.taskViewType == TaskViewType.DESKTOP }
+        if (DesksUtils.areMultiDesksFlagsEnabled()) {
+            // Desk IDs of newer desks are larger than those of older desks, hence we can use them
+            // to sort desks from old to new.
+            desktopTasks = desktopTasks.sortedBy { (it as DesktopTask).deskId }
+        }
         return otherTasks + desktopTasks
     }
 
@@ -114,6 +123,22 @@
             it.isLargeTile && !(recentsView.isSplitSelectionActive && it is DesktopTaskView)
         }
 
+    /**
+     * Returns the [DesktopTaskView] that matches the given [deskId], or null if it doesn't exist.
+     */
+    fun getDesktopTaskViewForDeskId(deskId: Int): DesktopTaskView? {
+        if (deskId == INACTIVE_DESK_ID) {
+            return null
+        }
+        return taskViews.firstOrNull { it is DesktopTaskView && it.deskId == deskId }
+            as? DesktopTaskView
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the active desk ID of the display that contains the [recentsView] instance. */
+    fun getActiveDeskIdOnThisDisplay(): Int =
+        DesktopVisibilityController.INSTANCE.get(recentsView.context)
+            .getActiveDeskId(recentsView.mContainer.display.displayId)
+
     /** Returns the expected focus task. */
     fun getFirstNonDesktopTaskView(): TaskView? =
         if (enableLargeDesktopWindowingTile()) taskViews.firstOrNull { it !is DesktopTaskView }
diff --git a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/TaskView.kt b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/TaskView.kt
index b7f1d1d..55432b8 100644
--- a/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/TaskView.kt
+++ b/quickstep/src/com/android/quickstep/views/TaskView.kt
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 import android.view.Display
 import android.view.MotionEvent
 import android.view.View
-import android.view.View.OnClickListener
 import android.view.ViewGroup
 import android.view.ViewStub
 import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityNodeInfo
@@ -142,6 +141,7 @@
         /** Returns whether the task is part of overview grid and not being focused. */
         get() = container.deviceProfile.isTablet && !isLargeTile
 
+    // TODO: b/400532675 - This will not work for empty desks until b/400532675 is fixed.
     val isRunningTask: Boolean
         get() = this === recentsView?.runningTaskView
 
diff --git a/quickstep/tests/multivalentTests/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksListTest.java b/quickstep/tests/multivalentTests/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksListTest.java
index 70bf6b4..9722e9d 100644
--- a/quickstep/tests/multivalentTests/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksListTest.java
+++ b/quickstep/tests/multivalentTests/src/com/android/quickstep/RecentTasksListTest.java
@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 
 import com.android.internal.R;
+import com.android.launcher3.statehandlers.DesktopVisibilityController;
+import com.android.launcher3.util.DaggerSingletonTracker;
 import com.android.launcher3.util.LooperExecutor;
 import com.android.quickstep.util.GroupTask;
 import com.android.quickstep.views.TaskViewType;
@@ -102,7 +104,9 @@
                 .thenReturn(true);
 
         mRecentTasksList = new RecentTasksList(mContext, mockMainThreadExecutor,
-                mockKeyguardManager, mSystemUiProxy, mTopTaskTracker);
+                mockKeyguardManager, mSystemUiProxy, mTopTaskTracker,
+                mock(DesktopVisibilityController.class),
+                mock(DaggerSingletonTracker.class));
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/src/com/android/launcher3/util/window/WindowManagerProxy.java b/src/com/android/launcher3/util/window/WindowManagerProxy.java
index 11f0bc2..68e0324 100644
--- a/src/com/android/launcher3/util/window/WindowManagerProxy.java
+++ b/src/com/android/launcher3/util/window/WindowManagerProxy.java
@@ -520,6 +520,33 @@
          */
         default void onCanCreateDesksChanged(boolean canCreateDesks) {
         }
+
+        /**
+         * Called when a new desk is added.
+         *
+         * @param displayId The ID of the display on which the desk was added.
+         * @param deskId The ID of the newly added desk.
+         */
+        default void onDeskAdded(int displayId, int deskId) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when an existing desk is removed.
+         *
+         * @param displayId The ID of the display on which the desk was removed.
+         * @param deskId The ID of the desk that was removed.
+         */
+        default void onDeskRemoved(int displayId, int deskId) {}
+
+        /**
+         * Called when the active desk changes.
+         *
+         * @param displayId The ID of the display on which the desk activation change is happening.
+         * @param newActiveDesk The ID of the new active desk or -1 if no desk is active anymore
+         *                      (i.e. exit desktop mode).
+         * @param oldActiveDesk The ID of the desk that was previously active, or -1 if no desk was
+         *                      active before.
+         */
+        default void onActiveDeskChanged(int displayId, int newActiveDesk, int oldActiveDesk) {}
     }
 
 }