Merge "[bt] Add the Google module in pixel image" into main
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
index b80e6ac..75d4d9e 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
@@ -74,13 +74,18 @@
 
     /**
      * Called by the framework to destroy the effect and free up all currently allocated resources.
-     * It is recommended to destroy the effect from the client side as soon as it is becomes unused.
+     * This method can be called at any time to destroy an effect instance. It is recommended to
+     * destroy the effect from the client side as soon as it becomes unused to free up resources.
      *
-     * The client must ensure effect instance is closed before destroy.
+     * The effect instance must handle any necessary cleanup and resource deallocation.
+     * If the effect is in the **PROCESSING** or **DRAINING** state, it must gracefully stop
+     * processing before destruction.
+     * The effect must ensure that all internal states are properly cleaned up to prevent resource
+     * leaks.
      *
      * @param handle The handle of effect instance to be destroyed.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT if the effect handle is not valid.
-     * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if the effect instance is not in a proper state to be destroyed.
+     * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if the effect instance can not be destroyed.
      */
     void destroyEffect(in IEffect handle);
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/State.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/State.aidl
index 1b698d7..ecd1bbe 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/State.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/State.aidl
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
  * it should transfer to IDLE state after handle the command successfully. Effect instance should
  * consume minimal resource and transfer to INIT state after it was close().
  *
+ * An effect instance can be destroyed from any state using `IFactory.destroyEffect()`.
+ *
  * Refer to the state machine diagram `state.gv` for a detailed state diagram.
  */
 @VintfStability
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@
      * - Transitions to **INIT** on `IEffect.close()`.
      * - Remains in **IDLE** on `IEffect.getParameter()`, `IEffect.setParameter()`,
      *   `IEffect.getDescriptor()`, `IEffect.command(CommandId.RESET)`, and `IEffect.reopen()`.
+     * - Transitions to the final state on `IFactory.destroyEffect()`.
      */
     IDLE,
 
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@
      *   stop processing with `CommandId.STOP` before closing.
      * - If `IEffect.close()` is called in this state, the effect instance should stop processing,
      *   transition to **IDLE**, and then close.
+     * - Transitions to the final state on `IFactory.destroyEffect()`.
      */
     PROCESSING,
 
@@ -123,6 +127,7 @@
      * - If not implemented, the effect instance may transition directly from **PROCESSING** to
      *   **IDLE** without this intermediate state.
      * - Any `CommandId.STOP` commands received during **DRAINING** should be ignored.
+     * - Transitions to the final state on `IFactory.destroyEffect()`.
      */
     DRAINING,
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv
index 2a8194e..8590296 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/state.gv
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
-// To render: "dot -Tpng state.gv -o state.png"
 
+// To render: "dot -Tpng state.gv -o state.png"
 digraph effect_state_machine {
 
     rankdir=LR; // Left to Right layout
@@ -29,40 +29,30 @@
     I [shape=point, fillcolor=black, width=0.2];
 
     // Final state node
-    F [shape=doublecircle, fillcolor=white, width=0.2];
+    F [shape=doublecircle, label="Destroyed"];
 
     // Define other nodes with colors
-    INIT [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightgreen];
-    IDLE [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightblue];
-    PROCESSING [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightyellow];
-    DRAINING [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightgrey];
+    INIT [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightgreen, label="INIT"];
+    IDLE [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightblue, label="IDLE"];
+    PROCESSING [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightyellow, label="PROCESSING"];
+    DRAINING [shape=ellipse, fillcolor=lightgrey, label="DRAINING"];
+    ANY_STATE [shape=ellipse, style=dashed, label="Any State", fillcolor=white];
 
-    // Transitions
+    // Main transitions
     I -> INIT [label="IFactory.createEffect", fontcolor="navy"];
-
-    INIT -> F [label="IFactory.destroyEffect"];
-
     INIT -> IDLE [label="IEffect.open()", fontcolor="lime"];
-
     IDLE -> PROCESSING [label="IEffect.command(START)"];
-
-    PROCESSING -> IDLE [label="IEffect.command(STOP)\nIEffect.command(RESET)"];
-
-    PROCESSING -> DRAINING [label="IEffect.command(STOP)", fontcolor="orange"];
-
-    DRAINING -> IDLE [label="Draining complete\n(IEffect.command(RESET)\nautomatic)"];
-
-    DRAINING -> PROCESSING [label="IEffect.command(START)\n(Interrupt draining)"];
-
+    PROCESSING -> IDLE [label="IEffect.command(STOP) (if draining not required)\nIEffect.command(RESET)"];
+    PROCESSING -> DRAINING [label="IEffect.command(STOP) (if draining required)", fontcolor="orange"];
+    DRAINING -> IDLE [label="IEffect.command(RESET)\nDraining complete (automatic transition)"];
+    DRAINING -> PROCESSING [label="IEffect.command(START) (Interrupt draining)"];
     IDLE -> INIT [label="IEffect.close()"];
 
-    // Self-loops
-    INIT -> INIT [label="IEffect.getState\nIEffect.getDescriptor"];
-
-    IDLE -> IDLE [label="IEffect.getParameter\nIEffect.setParameter\nIEffect.getDescriptor\nIEffect.command(RESET)\nIEffect.reopen"];
-
-    PROCESSING -> PROCESSING [label="IEffect.getParameter\nIEffect.setParameter\nIEffect.getDescriptor\nIEffect.reopen"];
-
-    DRAINING -> DRAINING [label="IEffect.getParameter\nIEffect.setParameter\nIEffect.getDescriptor\nIEffect.reopen\nFading"];
-
+    // Global transitions
+    subgraph cluster_global_transitions {
+        label="Global Transitions (Any State)";
+        style=dashed;
+        ANY_STATE -> F [label="IFactory.destroyEffect", style="bold"];
+        ANY_STATE -> ANY_STATE [label="IEffect.getParameter\nIEffect.setParameter\nIEffect.getDescriptor\nIEffect.getState\nIEffect.reopen", fontsize=10];
+    }
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
index 7857f53..97f7286 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
 #include "effect-impl/EffectTypes.h"
 #include "include/effect-impl/EffectTypes.h"
 
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::CommandId;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kEventFlagDataMqNotEmpty;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kEventFlagNotEmpty;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kReopenSupportedVersion;
@@ -31,13 +34,45 @@
 using ::android::hardware::EventFlag;
 
 extern "C" binder_exception_t destroyEffect(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& instanceSp) {
-    State state;
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = instanceSp->getState(&state);
-    if (!status.isOk() || State::INIT != state) {
+    if (!instanceSp) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " nullptr";
+        return EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    Descriptor desc;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = instanceSp->getDescriptor(&desc);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " instance " << instanceSp.get()
+                   << " failed to get descriptor, status: " << status.getDescription();
+        return EX_ILLEGAL_STATE;
+    }
+
+    State state;
+    status = instanceSp->getState(&state);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " " << desc.common.name << " instance " << instanceSp.get()
                    << " in state: " << toString(state) << ", status: " << status.getDescription();
         return EX_ILLEGAL_STATE;
     }
+
+    int effectVersion = 0;
+    if (!instanceSp->getInterfaceVersion(&effectVersion).isOk()) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " " << desc.common.name << " failed to get interface version";
+    }
+
+    if (effectVersion < kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion) {
+        if (State::INIT != state) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " " << desc.common.name << " can not destroy instance "
+                       << instanceSp.get() << " in state: " << toString(state);
+            return EX_ILLEGAL_STATE;
+        }
+    } else {
+        instanceSp->command(CommandId::RESET);
+        instanceSp->close();
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " " << desc.common.name << " instance " << instanceSp.get()
+               << " destroyed";
     return EX_NONE;
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h b/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
index eedac3d..8ceb56b 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::getRange;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::isRangeValid;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kDrainSupportedVersion;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kEffectTypeUuidSpatializer;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kEventFlagDataMqNotEmpty;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kEventFlagDataMqUpdate;
@@ -195,8 +196,11 @@
                 ASSERT_TRUE(expectState(effect, State::PROCESSING));
                 break;
             case CommandId::STOP:
-                ASSERT_TRUE(expectState(effect, State::IDLE) ||
-                            expectState(effect, State::DRAINING));
+                // Enforce the state checking after kDrainSupportedVersion
+                if (getHalVersion(effect) >= kDrainSupportedVersion) {
+                    ASSERT_TRUE(expectState(effect, State::IDLE) ||
+                                expectState(effect, State::DRAINING));
+                }
                 break;
             case CommandId::RESET:
                 ASSERT_TRUE(expectState(effect, State::IDLE));
@@ -518,6 +522,11 @@
         }
     }
 
+    static int getHalVersion(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& effect) {
+        int version = 0;
+        return (effect && effect->getInterfaceVersion(&version).isOk()) ? version : 0;
+    }
+
     bool mIsSpatializer;
     Descriptor mDescriptor;
     size_t mInputFrameSize, mOutputFrameSize;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp
index 53b6757..c007f18 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAECTargetTest.cpp
@@ -139,12 +139,12 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(AECParamTest, SetAndGetEchoDelay) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEchoDelayParam(mEchoDelay));
+    addEchoDelayParam(mEchoDelay);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
 TEST_P(AECParamTest, SetAndGetMobileMode) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMobileModeParam(mMobileMode));
+    addMobileModeParam(mMobileMode);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC1TargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC1TargetTest.cpp
index f14afbc..72a2d5e 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -139,17 +139,17 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(AGC1ParamTest, SetAndGetTargetPeakLevelParam) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addTargetPeakLevelParam(mTargetPeakLevel));
+    addTargetPeakLevelParam(mTargetPeakLevel);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
 TEST_P(AGC1ParamTest, SetAndGetMaxCompressionGain) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMaxCompressionGainParam(mMaxCompressionGain));
+    addMaxCompressionGainParam(mMaxCompressionGain);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
 TEST_P(AGC1ParamTest, SetAndGetEnableLimiter) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEnableLimiterParam(mEnableLimiter));
+    addEnableLimiterParam(mEnableLimiter);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC2TargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC2TargetTest.cpp
index 048d540..ccac8c5 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC2TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAGC2TargetTest.cpp
@@ -145,17 +145,17 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(AGC2ParamTest, SetAndGetDigitalGainParam) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addDigitalGainParam(mGain));
+    addDigitalGainParam(mGain);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
 TEST_P(AGC2ParamTest, SetAndGetSaturationMargin) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addSaturationMarginParam(mMargin));
+    addSaturationMarginParam(mMargin);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
 TEST_P(AGC2ParamTest, SetAndGetLevelEstimator) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLevelEstimatorParam(mLevelEstimator));
+    addLevelEstimatorParam(mLevelEstimator);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
index d23bdc9..5b78981 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Flags;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IFactory;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Parameter;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::State;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceDescription;
@@ -316,28 +317,39 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
 }
 
-// Expect EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if the effect instance is not in a proper state to be destroyed.
+// Expect EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if the effect instance is not in a proper state to be destroyed before
+// `kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion`.
+// For any version after `kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion`, expect `destroy` to always success.
 TEST_P(AudioEffectTest, DestroyOpenEffects) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(create(mFactory, mEffect, mDescriptor));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(open(mEffect));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE));
-
-    // cleanup
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(close(mEffect));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+    if (mVersion < kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE));
+        // cleanup
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(close(mEffect));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+    }
 }
 
-// Expect EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if the effect instance is not in a proper state to be destroyed.
+// Expect EX_ILLEGAL_STATE if the effect instance is not in a proper state to be destroyed before
+// `kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion`.
+// For any version after `kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion`, expect `destroy` to always success.
 TEST_P(AudioEffectTest, DestroyProcessingEffects) {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(create(mFactory, mEffect, mDescriptor));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(open(mEffect));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::START));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE));
 
-    // cleanup
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::STOP));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(close(mEffect));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+    if (mVersion < kDestroyAnyStateSupportedVersion) {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE));
+        // cleanup
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::STOP));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(close(mEffect));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(AudioEffectTest, NormalSequenceStates) {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp
index 3b1f3d9..37441f0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp
@@ -542,7 +542,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestEngineArchitecture, SetAndGetEngineArch) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mCfg));
+    addEngineConfig(mCfg);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestInputGain, SetAndGetInputGain) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addInputGain(mInputGain));
+    addInputGain(mInputGain);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@
             mInputGain.push_back(DynamicsProcessing::InputGain(i, gainDb));
         }
         std::vector<float> output(mInput.size());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addInputGain(mInputGain));
+        addInputGain(mInputGain);
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setParamsAndProcess(mInput, output));
         if (!isAllParamsValid()) {
             continue;
@@ -719,8 +719,8 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestLimiterConfig, SetAndGetLimiterConfig) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLimiterConfig(mLimiterConfigList));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
+    addLimiterConfig(mLimiterConfigList);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
@@ -782,8 +782,8 @@
     }
 
     void setLimiterParamsAndProcess(std::vector<float>& input, std::vector<float>& output) {
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLimiterConfig(mLimiterConfigList));
+        addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
+        addLimiterConfig(mLimiterConfigList);
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setParamsAndProcess(input, output));
     }
 
@@ -937,20 +937,20 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestChannelConfig, SetAndGetPreEqChannelConfig) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addPreEqChannelConfig(mCfg));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
+    addPreEqChannelConfig(mCfg);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestChannelConfig, SetAndGetPostEqChannelConfig) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addPostEqChannelConfig(mCfg));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
+    addPostEqChannelConfig(mCfg);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestChannelConfig, SetAndGetMbcChannelConfig) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMbcChannelConfig(mCfg));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
+    addMbcChannelConfig(mCfg);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
@@ -1018,27 +1018,27 @@
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestEqBandConfig, SetAndGetPreEqBandConfig) {
     mEngineConfigPreset.preEqStage.bandCount = mCfgs.size();
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
     std::vector<DynamicsProcessing::ChannelConfig> cfgs(mChannelCount);
     for (int i = 0; i < mChannelCount; i++) {
         cfgs[i].channel = i;
         cfgs[i].enable = true;
     }
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addPreEqChannelConfig(cfgs));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addPreEqBandConfigs(mCfgs));
+    addPreEqChannelConfig(cfgs);
+    addPreEqBandConfigs(mCfgs);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestEqBandConfig, SetAndGetPostEqBandConfig) {
     mEngineConfigPreset.postEqStage.bandCount = mCfgs.size();
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
     std::vector<DynamicsProcessing::ChannelConfig> cfgs(mChannelCount);
     for (int i = 0; i < mChannelCount; i++) {
         cfgs[i].channel = i;
         cfgs[i].enable = true;
     }
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addPostEqChannelConfig(cfgs));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addPostEqBandConfigs(mCfgs));
+    addPostEqChannelConfig(cfgs);
+    addPostEqBandConfigs(mCfgs);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
@@ -1185,14 +1185,14 @@
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingTestMbcBandConfig, SetAndGetMbcBandConfig) {
     mEngineConfigPreset.mbcStage.bandCount = mCfgs.size();
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset));
+    addEngineConfig(mEngineConfigPreset);
     std::vector<DynamicsProcessing::ChannelConfig> cfgs(mChannelCount);
     for (int i = 0; i < mChannelCount; i++) {
         cfgs[i].channel = i;
         cfgs[i].enable = true;
     }
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMbcChannelConfig(cfgs));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMbcBandConfigs(mCfgs));
+    addMbcChannelConfig(cfgs);
+    addMbcBandConfigs(mCfgs);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetDynamicsProcessingParameters());
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp
index a50e1b4..c5a9bad 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalNSTargetTest.cpp
@@ -140,12 +140,12 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(NSParamTest, SetAndGetLevel) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLevelParam(mLevel));
+    addLevelParam(mLevel);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
 TEST_P(NSParamTest, SetAndGetType) {
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLevelParam(mLevel));
+    addLevelParam(mLevel);
     SetAndGetParameters();
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalVisualizerTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalVisualizerTargetTest.cpp
index a942521..3b07809 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalVisualizerTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalVisualizerTargetTest.cpp
@@ -189,22 +189,22 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(VisualizerParamTest, SetAndGetCaptureSize) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addCaptureSizeParam(mCaptureSize));
+    addCaptureSizeParam(mCaptureSize);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetParameters());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VisualizerParamTest, SetAndGetScalingMode) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addScalingModeParam(mScalingMode));
+    addScalingModeParam(mScalingMode);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetParameters());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VisualizerParamTest, SetAndGetMeasurementMode) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMeasurementModeParam(mMeasurementMode));
+    addMeasurementModeParam(mMeasurementMode);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetParameters());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VisualizerParamTest, SetAndGetLatency) {
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLatencyParam(mLatency));
+    addLatencyParam(mLatency);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetParameters());
 }
 
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@
     SKIP_TEST_IF_DATA_UNSUPPORTED(mDescriptor.common.flags);
 
     bool allParamsValid = true;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addCaptureSizeParam(mCaptureSize));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addScalingModeParam(mScalingMode));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addMeasurementModeParam(mMeasurementMode));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLatencyParam(mLatency));
+    addCaptureSizeParam(mCaptureSize);
+    addScalingModeParam(mScalingMode);
+    addMeasurementModeParam(mMeasurementMode);
+    addLatencyParam(mLatency);
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetParameters(&allParamsValid));
 
     Parameter getParam;
@@ -276,9 +276,9 @@
 
     for (float maxAudioSampleValue : testMaxAudioSampleValueList) {
         bool allParamsValid = true;
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addCaptureSizeParam(mCaptureSize));
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addScalingModeParam(mScalingMode));
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addLatencyParam(mLatency));
+        addCaptureSizeParam(mCaptureSize);
+        addScalingModeParam(mScalingMode);
+        addLatencyParam(mLatency);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetAndGetParameters(&allParamsValid));
 
         generateSineWave(std::vector<int>{1000}, mInputBuffer, maxAudioSampleValue,
diff --git a/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/Android.bp b/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/Android.bp
index c4632d4..0561145 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/Android.bp
+++ b/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/Android.bp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 apex {
     name: "com.android.hardware.biometrics.face.virtual",
     manifest: "manifest.json",
-    file_contexts: "file_contexts",
+    file_contexts: ":com.android.biometrics.virtual.face-file_contexts",
     key: "com.android.hardware.key",
     certificate: ":com.android.hardware.certificate",
     updatable: false,
diff --git a/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/file_contexts b/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/file_contexts
deleted file mode 100644
index 4f935c1..0000000
--- a/biometrics/face/aidl/default/apex/file_contexts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-(/.*)?                                          u:object_r:vendor_file:s0
-/etc(/.*)?                                      u:object_r:vendor_configs_file:s0
-/bin/hw/android\.hardware\.biometrics\.face-service\.example u:object_r:hal_face_default_exec:s0
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
index e56c193..7ea5f5d 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
@@ -904,6 +904,9 @@
      * Tag::MODULE_HASH specifies the SHA-256 hash of the DER-encoded module information (see
      * KeyCreationResult.aidl for the ASN.1 schema).
      *
+     * KeyStore clients can retrieve the unhashed DER-encoded module information from Android
+     * via KeyStoreManager.getSupplementaryAttestationInfo.
+     *
      * This tag is never provided or returned from KeyMint in the key characteristics. It exists
      * only to define the tag for use in the attestation record.
      *
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs b/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs
index fad807f..196cf17 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,19 @@
 use kmr_hal::env::get_property;
 use log::error;
 
+/// Retrieve the most significant attestation property for `name`.
+fn attestation_property(name: &str) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let prop_val = get_property(&format!("ro.product.vendor.{}", name)).unwrap_or_default();
+    if !prop_val.is_empty() {
+        prop_val
+    } else {
+        get_property(&format!("ro.product.{}", name))
+            .unwrap_or_else(|prop_name| format!("{} unavailable", prop_name))
+    }
+    .as_bytes()
+    .to_vec()
+}
+
 /// Populate attestation ID information based on properties (where available).
 /// Retrieving the serial number requires SELinux permission.
 pub fn attestation_id_info() -> kmr_wire::AttestationIdInfo {
@@ -30,12 +43,12 @@
             .to_vec()
     };
     kmr_wire::AttestationIdInfo {
-        brand: prop("ro.product.brand"),
-        device: prop("ro.product.device"),
-        product: prop("ro.product.name"),
+        brand: attestation_property("brand"),
+        device: attestation_property("device"),
+        product: attestation_property("name"),
         serial: prop("ro.serialno"),
-        manufacturer: prop("ro.product.manufacturer"),
-        model: prop("ro.product.model"),
+        manufacturer: attestation_property("manufacturer"),
+        model: attestation_property("model"),
         // Currently modem_simulator always returns one fixed value. See `handleGetIMEI` in
         // device/google/cuttlefish/host/commands/modem_simulator/misc_service.cpp for more details.
         // TODO(b/263188546): Use device-specific IMEI values when available.
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
index 810cc38..66f7539 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
@@ -853,7 +853,7 @@
  * is not "green" if and only if the mode on at least one certificate in the DICE chain
  * is non-normal.
  */
-TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonnormalDiceChain) {
+TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, DISABLED_unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonnormalDiceChain) {
     auto challenge = randomBytes(MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE);
     bytevec csr;
     auto status =
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp
index 158e4f1..59d9593 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp
@@ -214,9 +214,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFilterTests.startFilter(filterId));
     // tune test
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFrontendTests.tuneFrontend(frontendConf, true /*testWithDemux*/));
-    if (!isPassthroughFilter(filterConf)) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(filterDataOutputTest());
-    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(filterDataOutputTest());
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFrontendTests.stopTuneFrontend(true /*testWithDemux*/));
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFilterTests.stopFilter(filterId));
     ASSERT_TRUE(mFilterTests.releaseShareAvHandle(filterId));
@@ -1383,6 +1381,10 @@
     auto live_configs = generateLiveConfigurations();
     for (auto& configuration : live_configs) {
         live = configuration;
+        // shared memory handle is not used by a passthrough filter at all
+        if (isPassthroughFilter(filterMap[live.videoFilterId])) {
+            continue;
+        }
         mediaFilterUsingSharedMemoryTest(filterMap[live.videoFilterId],
                                          frontendMap[live.frontendId]);
     }
diff --git a/virtualization/OWNERS b/virtualization/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..316145b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+include platform/packages/modules/Virtualization:/OWNERS
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/README.md b/virtualization/capabilities_service/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc141e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+The IVmCapabilitiesService HAL is used in a flow to grant a pVM a capability to
+issue vendor-specific SMCs. For more information see: TODO(ioffe): link the docs
+
+Here is a brief overview of the subdirectories structure:
+
+* default/ - a reference implementation of the HAL that partners can integrate
+    in their products.
+* noop/ - a no-op implementation is used in cuttlefish for mixed build testing.
+* vts/ - VTS tests for this HAL.
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/Android.bp b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37dc1a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_virtualization",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+rust_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.capabilities_service-noop",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    vendor: true,
+    installable: true,
+    prefer_rlib: true,
+    rustlibs: [
+        "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.capabilities_service-V1-rust",
+        "libanyhow",
+        "libandroid_logger",
+        "libbinder_rs",
+        "liblog_rust",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "src/main.rs",
+    ],
+    init_rc: [
+        "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.rc",
+    ],
+    vintf_fragment_modules: [
+        "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.xml",
+    ],
+}
+
+vintf_fragment {
+    name: "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.xml",
+    src: "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.xml",
+    vendor: true,
+}
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.rc b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58c554a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+service vendor.vm_capabilities_service /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.capabilities_service-noop
+  interface aidl android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.IVmCapabilitiesService/noop
+  class hal
+  disabled
+  user nobody
+  group nobody
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.xml b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ecb9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.no_op_vm_capabilities_service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IVmCapabilitiesService</name>
+            <instance>noop</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/src/aidl.rs b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/src/aidl.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d85e49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/src/aidl.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//! No-op implementation of the IVmCapabilitiesService AIDL interface.
+
+use android_hardware_virtualization_capabilities_capabilities_service::aidl::android::hardware::virtualization::capabilities::IVmCapabilitiesService::IVmCapabilitiesService;
+use binder::{Interface, ParcelFileDescriptor};
+use log::info;
+
+/// No-op implementation of IVmCapabilitiesService
+pub struct NoOpVmCapabilitiesService {}
+
+impl NoOpVmCapabilitiesService {
+    pub fn init() -> NoOpVmCapabilitiesService {
+        let service = NoOpVmCapabilitiesService {};
+        service
+    }
+}
+
+impl Interface for NoOpVmCapabilitiesService {}
+
+impl IVmCapabilitiesService for NoOpVmCapabilitiesService {
+
+    fn grantAccessToVendorTeeServices(&self,
+        vm_fd: &ParcelFileDescriptor, tee_services: &[String]) -> binder::Result<()> {
+        info!("received {vm_fd:?} {tee_services:?}");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/src/main.rs b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9440996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/noop/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//! No-op implementation of the IVmCapabilitiesService.
+
+mod aidl;
+
+use crate::aidl::NoOpVmCapabilitiesService;
+use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use log::{error, info, LevelFilter};
+use binder::{register_lazy_service, BinderFeatures, ProcessState};
+use android_hardware_virtualization_capabilities_capabilities_service::aidl::android::hardware::virtualization::capabilities::IVmCapabilitiesService::BnVmCapabilitiesService;
+
+const SERVICE_NAME: &str = "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.IVmCapabilitiesService/noop";
+
+fn try_main() -> Result<()> {
+    // Initialize Android logging.
+    android_logger::init_once(
+        android_logger::Config::default()
+            .with_tag("NoOpIVmCapabilitiesService")
+            .with_max_level(LevelFilter::Info)
+            .with_log_buffer(android_logger::LogId::System),
+    );
+
+    ProcessState::start_thread_pool();
+    let service_impl = NoOpVmCapabilitiesService::init();
+    let service = BnVmCapabilitiesService::new_binder(service_impl, BinderFeatures::default());
+    register_lazy_service(SERVICE_NAME, service.as_binder())
+        .with_context(|| format!("failed to register {SERVICE_NAME}"))?;
+    info!("Registered Binder service, joining threadpool.");
+    ProcessState::join_thread_pool();
+    bail!("thread pool unexpectedly ended");
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    if let Err(e) = try_main() {
+        error!("failed with {e:?}");
+        std::process::exit(1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/Android.bp b/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aa21c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_virtualization",
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+rust_test {
+    name: "VtsVmCapabilitiesServiceTest",
+    srcs: ["tests.rs"],
+    defaults: [
+        "rdroidtest.defaults",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+    test_config: "AndroidTest.xml",
+    rustlibs: [
+        "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.capabilities_service-V1-rust",
+        "libbinder_rs",
+    ],
+    require_root: true,
+}
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/AndroidTest.xml b/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c3dadb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for VmCapabilitiesService VTS tests.">
+  <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer"/>
+
+  <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+    <option name="push-file" key="VtsVmCapabilitiesServiceTest"
+      value="/data/local/tmp/VtsVmCapabilitiesServiceTest" />
+  </target_preparer>
+
+  <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.rust.RustBinaryTest" >
+    <option name="test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+    <option name="module-name" value="VtsVmCapabilitiesServiceTest" />
+  </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/tests.rs b/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f0b7fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/virtualization/capabilities_service/vts/tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+use android_hardware_virtualization_capabilities_capabilities_service::aidl::android::hardware::virtualization::capabilities::IVmCapabilitiesService::IVmCapabilitiesService;
+use rdroidtest::rdroidtest;
+use std::fs::File;
+
+const VM_CAPABILITIES_SERVICE: &str =
+    "android.hardware.virtualization.capabilities.IVmCapabilitiesService";
+
+/// Returns all available instances of VmCapabilitiesService.
+/// Note: it actually returns a pair of (<instance_name>, <instance_name)). This is a requirement
+/// of the rdroidtest framework for parameterized tests. See
+/// platform_testing/libraries/rdroidtest/README.md for more information.
+fn get_instances() -> Vec<(String, String)> {
+    binder::get_declared_instances(VM_CAPABILITIES_SERVICE)
+        .unwrap_or_default()
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|v| (v.clone(), v))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn connect(instance: &str) -> binder::Strong<dyn IVmCapabilitiesService> {
+    let name = format!("{VM_CAPABILITIES_SERVICE}/{instance}");
+    binder::wait_for_interface(&name).unwrap()
+}
+
+/// A very basic test that simply connects to the service and send bogus data.
+#[rdroidtest(get_instances())]
+fn connect_to_service(instance: String) {
+    let service = connect(&instance);
+    let dev_null = File::open("/dev/null").expect("failed to open /dev/null");
+    let fd = binder::ParcelFileDescriptor::new(dev_null);
+    // In this test we don't care what service returns.
+    let _ = service.grantAccessToVendorTeeServices(&fd, &[]);
+}
+
+rdroidtest::test_main!();