diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.1/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.1/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp
index b0d171a..d7d5476 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.1/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.1/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp
@@ -157,7 +157,11 @@
         audio_capabilities[i].codecCapabilities(db_codec_capabilities[i]);
       }
     }
-  } else if (sessionType != SessionType::UNKNOWN) {
+  } else if (sessionType !=
+                 SessionType::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH &&
+             sessionType !=
+                 SessionType::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH &&
+             sessionType != SessionType::UNKNOWN) {
     std::vector<PcmParameters> db_pcm_capabilities =
         android::bluetooth::audio::GetSoftwarePcmCapabilities_2_1();
     if (db_pcm_capabilities.size() == 1) {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/IBluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.hal b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/IBluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.hal
index 7fb5b6c..ae9c598 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/IBluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.hal
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/IBluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.hal
@@ -48,4 +48,26 @@
      */
     openProvider_2_2(SessionType sessionType)
         generates (Status status, IBluetoothAudioProvider provider);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets a list of audio capabilities for a session type.
+     *
+     * For software encoding, the PCM capabilities are returned.
+     * For hardware encoding, the supported codecs and their capabilities are
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * @param sessionType The session type (e.g.
+     *    A2DP_SOFTWARE_ENCODING_DATAPATH).
+     * @return audioCapabilities A list containing all the capabilities
+     *    supported by the sesson type. The capabilities is a list of
+     *    available options when configuring the codec for the session.
+     *    For software encoding it is the PCM data rate.
+     *    For hardware encoding it is the list of supported codecs and their
+     *    capabilities.
+     *    If a provider isn't supported, an empty list should be returned.
+     *    Note: Only one entry should exist per codec when using hardware
+     *    encoding.
+     */
+     getProviderCapabilities_2_2(SessionType sessionType)
+         generates (vec<AudioCapabilities> audioCapabilities);
 };
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/A2dpSoftwareAudioProvider.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/A2dpSoftwareAudioProvider.cpp
index ba31d39..eb87178 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/A2dpSoftwareAudioProvider.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/A2dpSoftwareAudioProvider.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include "BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h"
-#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
+#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvider.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvider.cpp
index 3c0ff42..18ac292 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvider.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvider.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "AudioPort_2_0_to_2_2_Wrapper.h"
 #include "BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h"
-#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
+#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp
index 510833d..2fe31d5 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
+#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -221,6 +221,47 @@
   return Void();
 }
 
+Return<void> BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory::getProviderCapabilities_2_2(
+    const V2_1::SessionType sessionType,
+    getProviderCapabilities_2_2_cb _hidl_cb) {
+  hidl_vec<V2_2::AudioCapabilities> audio_capabilities =
+      hidl_vec<V2_2::AudioCapabilities>(0);
+  if (sessionType == V2_1::SessionType::A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DATAPATH) {
+    std::vector<CodecCapabilities> db_codec_capabilities =
+        android::bluetooth::audio::GetOffloadCodecCapabilities(sessionType);
+    if (db_codec_capabilities.size()) {
+      audio_capabilities.resize(db_codec_capabilities.size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < db_codec_capabilities.size(); ++i) {
+        audio_capabilities[i].codecCapabilities(db_codec_capabilities[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (sessionType == V2_1::SessionType::
+                                LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH ||
+             sessionType == V2_1::SessionType::
+                                LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH) {
+    std::vector<LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair> db_codec_capabilities =
+        android::bluetooth::audio::GetLeAudioOffloadCodecCapabilities(
+            sessionType);
+    if (db_codec_capabilities.size()) {
+      audio_capabilities.resize(db_codec_capabilities.size());
+      for (int i = 0; i < db_codec_capabilities.size(); ++i) {
+        audio_capabilities[i].leAudioCapabilities(db_codec_capabilities[i]);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (sessionType != V2_1::SessionType::UNKNOWN) {
+    std::vector<V2_1::PcmParameters> db_pcm_capabilities =
+        android::bluetooth::audio::GetSoftwarePcmCapabilities_2_1();
+    if (db_pcm_capabilities.size() == 1) {
+      audio_capabilities.resize(1);
+      audio_capabilities[0].pcmCapabilities(db_pcm_capabilities[0]);
+    }
+  }
+  LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " - SessionType=" << toString(sessionType)
+            << " supports " << audio_capabilities.size() << " codecs";
+  _hidl_cb(audio_capabilities);
+  return Void();
+}
+
 IBluetoothAudioProvidersFactory* HIDL_FETCH_IBluetoothAudioProvidersFactory(
     const char* /* name */) {
   return new BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory();
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.h b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.h
index 658249b..4f549d9 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.h
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/BluetoothAudioProvidersFactory.h
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
       const V2_1::SessionType sessionType,
       getProviderCapabilities_2_1_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
+  Return<void> getProviderCapabilities_2_2(
+      const V2_1::SessionType sessionType,
+      getProviderCapabilities_2_2_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+
  private:
   static A2dpSoftwareAudioProvider a2dp_software_provider_instance_;
   static A2dpOffloadAudioProvider a2dp_offload_provider_instance_;
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/HearingAidAudioProvider.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/HearingAidAudioProvider.cpp
index 9b3294f..25e49a1 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/HearingAidAudioProvider.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/HearingAidAudioProvider.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include "BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h"
-#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
+#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioAudioProvider.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioAudioProvider.cpp
index 9ec1776..a7a0023 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioAudioProvider.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioAudioProvider.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "AudioPort_2_0_to_2_2_Wrapper.h"
 #include "BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h"
-#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
+#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioOffloadAudioProvider.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioOffloadAudioProvider.cpp
index e3da267..2b0c02f 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioOffloadAudioProvider.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/default/LeAudioOffloadAudioProvider.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 #include "AudioPort_2_0_to_2_2_Wrapper.h"
 #include "BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h"
-#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
 #include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h"
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/types.hal b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/types.hal
index d5f8a3f..8ec3660 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/2.2/types.hal
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/2.2/types.hal
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 import @2.1::Lc3Parameters;
 import @2.1::PcmParameters;
 import @2.0::CodecConfiguration;
+import @2.0::CodecCapabilities;
+import @2.1::CodecType;
 
 enum LeAudioMode : uint8_t {
     UNKNOWN = 0x00,
@@ -26,6 +28,12 @@
     BROADCAST = 0x02,
 };
 
+enum AudioLocation : uint8_t {
+  UNKNOWN = 0,
+  FRONT_LEFT = 1,
+  FRONT_RIGHT = 2,
+};
+
 struct UnicastStreamMap {
     /* The connection handle used for a unicast or a broadcast group. */
     uint16_t streamHandle;
@@ -70,3 +78,37 @@
     CodecConfiguration codecConfig;
     LeAudioConfiguration leAudioConfig;
 };
+
+/** Used to specify the capabilities of the different session types */
+safe_union AudioCapabilities {
+    PcmParameters pcmCapabilities;
+    CodecCapabilities codecCapabilities;
+    LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair leAudioCapabilities;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Used to specify th le audio capabilities pair of the Hardware offload encode and decode.
+ */
+struct LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair{
+    LeAudioMode mode;
+    LeAudioCodecCapability encodeCapability;
+    LeAudioCodecCapability decodeCapability;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Used to specify the le audio capabilities of the codecs supported by Hardware offload
+ * for encode or decode.
+ */
+struct LeAudioCodecCapability {
+    CodecType codecType;
+    AudioLocation supportedChannel;
+
+    // The number of connected device
+    uint8_t deviceCount;
+
+    // Supported channel count for each device
+    uint8_t channelCountPerDevice;
+
+    // Should use safe union when there is more than one codec
+    Lc3Parameters capabilities;
+};
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/BluetoothAudioStatus.aidl
similarity index 85%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl
rename to bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/BluetoothAudioStatus.aidl
index b87870d..7c0d825 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/BluetoothAudioStatus.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -31,9 +31,11 @@
 // with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
 // later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
 
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+package android.hardware.bluetooth.audio;
 @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
-enum HandleIndex {
-  EMPTY = -1,
-  CACHED = -2,
+enum BluetoothAudioStatus {
+  UNKNOWN = 0,
+  SUCCESS = 1,
+  UNSUPPORTED_CODEC_CONFIGURATION = 2,
+  FAILURE = 3,
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl
index 84bcc0c..e5e79cb 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 interface IBluetoothAudioProvider {
   void endSession();
-  android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor<int,android.hardware.common.fmq.UnsynchronizedWrite> startSession(in android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.IBluetoothAudioPort hostIf, in android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.AudioConfiguration audioConfig);
-  void streamStarted(in boolean status);
-  void streamSuspended(in boolean status);
+  android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor<byte,android.hardware.common.fmq.SynchronizedReadWrite> startSession(in android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.IBluetoothAudioPort hostIf, in android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.AudioConfiguration audioConfig);
+  void streamStarted(in android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.BluetoothAudioStatus status);
+  void streamSuspended(in android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.BluetoothAudioStatus status);
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl
index bc0d97b..693392f 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@
 package android.hardware.bluetooth.audio;
 @Backing(type="byte") @VintfStability
 enum LdacQualityIndex {
-  QUALITY_HIGH = 1,
-  QUALITY_MID = 2,
-  QUALITY_LOW = 4,
-  QUALITY_ABR = 8,
+  HIGH = 1,
+  MID = 2,
+  LOW = 4,
+  ABR = 8,
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl
index 9efafca..a7224ca 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@
   android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.CodecType codecType;
   android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.AudioLocation supportedChannel;
   int supportedChannelCount;
-  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.LeAudioCapabilities.LeaudioCodecCapabilities leaudioCodecCapabilities;
+  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.LeAudioCapabilities.LeAudioCodecCapabilities leAudioCodecCapabilities;
   @VintfStability
   parcelable VendorCapabilities {
     ParcelableHolder extension;
   }
   @VintfStability
-  union LeaudioCodecCapabilities {
+  union LeAudioCodecCapabilities {
     android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.Lc3Capabilities lc3Capabilities;
     android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.LeAudioCapabilities.VendorCapabilities vendorCapabillities;
   }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl
index c6cb5cb..2bc1791 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
 @VintfStability
 parcelable LeAudioConfiguration {
   android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.LeAudioMode mode;
-  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.LeAudioConfiguration.LeAuioModeConfig modeConfig;
+  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.LeAudioConfiguration.LeAudioModeConfig modeConfig;
   android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.CodecType codecType;
   @VintfStability
-  union LeAuioModeConfig {
+  union LeAudioModeConfig {
     android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.UnicastConfiguration unicastConfig;
     android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.BroadcastConfiguration broadcastConfig;
   }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl
index 0c2f87d..6cfe5cd 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 parcelable PcmCapabilities {
   int[] sampleRateHz;
-  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.ChannelMode[] channelMode;
+  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.ChannelMode channelMode;
   byte[] bitsPerSample;
   int[] dataIntervalUs;
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl
index 810a9a1..7e997e8 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 parcelable PresentationPosition {
   long remoteDeviceAudioDelayNanos;
   long transmittedOctets;
-  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.PresentationPosition.TimeSpec transmittedOctetsTimeStamp;
+  android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.PresentationPosition.TimeSpec transmittedOctetsTimestamp;
   @VintfStability
   parcelable TimeSpec {
     long tvSec;
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl
index 900ab31..72d7fb2 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.bluetooth.audio/current/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 enum SessionType {
   UNKNOWN = 0,
   A2DP_SOFTWARE_ENCODING_DATAPATH = 1,
-  A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DATAPATH = 2,
+  A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH = 2,
   HEARING_AID_SOFTWARE_ENCODING_DATAPATH = 3,
   LE_AUDIO_SOFTWARE_ENCODING_DATAPATH = 4,
   LE_AUDIO_SOFTWARE_DECODING_DATAPATH = 5,
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/BluetoothAudioStatus.aidl
similarity index 60%
copy from graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl
copy to bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/BluetoothAudioStatus.aidl
index 0a93c9e..ec78445 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/BluetoothAudioStatus.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+/*
+ * Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -14,20 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+package android.hardware.bluetooth.audio;
 
-/**
- * Special index values (always negative) for command queue commands.
- */
 @VintfStability
 @Backing(type="int")
-enum HandleIndex {
-    /**
-     * No handle
-     */
-    EMPTY = -1,
-    /**
-     * Use cached handle
-     */
-    CACHED = -2,
+enum BluetoothAudioStatus {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    SUCCESS = 1,
+    UNSUPPORTED_CODEC_CONFIGURATION = 2,
+    // General failure
+    FAILURE = 3
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl
index cebd808..a2c5ae9 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/IBluetoothAudioProvider.aidl
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 package android.hardware.bluetooth.audio;
 
 import android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.AudioConfiguration;
+import android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.BluetoothAudioStatus;
 import android.hardware.bluetooth.audio.IBluetoothAudioPort;
 import android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor;
-import android.hardware.common.fmq.UnsynchronizedWrite;
+import android.hardware.common.fmq.SynchronizedReadWrite;
 
 /**
  * HAL interface from the Bluetooth stack to the Audio HAL
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@
      *    audioConfig.pcmConfig parameter. Invalid if streaming is offloaded
      *    from/to hardware or on failure
      */
-    MQDescriptor<int, UnsynchronizedWrite> startSession(
+    MQDescriptor<byte, SynchronizedReadWrite> startSession(
             in IBluetoothAudioPort hostIf, in AudioConfiguration audioConfig);
 
     /**
@@ -63,12 +64,12 @@
      *
      * @param status true for SUCCESS or false for FAILURE
      */
-    void streamStarted(in boolean status);
+    void streamStarted(in BluetoothAudioStatus status);
 
     /**
      * Callback for IBluetoothAudioPort.suspendStream()
      *
      * @param status true for SUCCESS or false for FAILURE
      */
-    void streamSuspended(in boolean status);
+    void streamSuspended(in BluetoothAudioStatus status);
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl
index fc532f4..cb12583 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LdacQualityIndex.aidl
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@
     /**
      * 990kbps
      */
-    QUALITY_HIGH = 1,
+    HIGH = 1,
     /**
      * 660kbps
      */
-    QUALITY_MID = 1 << 1,
+    MID = 1 << 1,
     /**
      * 330kbps
      */
-    QUALITY_LOW = 1 << 2,
+    LOW = 1 << 2,
     /**
      * Adaptive Bit Rate mode
      */
-    QUALITY_ABR = 1 << 3,
+    ABR = 1 << 3,
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl
index ea05820..732427f 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioCapabilities.aidl
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
         ParcelableHolder extension;
     }
     @VintfStability
-    union LeaudioCodecCapabilities {
+    union LeAudioCodecCapabilities {
         Lc3Capabilities lc3Capabilities;
         VendorCapabilities vendorCapabillities;
     }
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@
      */
     AudioLocation supportedChannel;
     int supportedChannelCount;
-    LeaudioCodecCapabilities leaudioCodecCapabilities;
+    LeAudioCodecCapabilities leAudioCodecCapabilities;
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl
index a212c96..515794b 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/LeAudioConfiguration.aidl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 parcelable LeAudioConfiguration {
     @VintfStability
-    union LeAuioModeConfig {
+    union LeAudioModeConfig {
         UnicastConfiguration unicastConfig;
         BroadcastConfiguration broadcastConfig;
     }
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@
      * The mode of the LE audio
      */
     LeAudioMode mode;
-    LeAuioModeConfig modeConfig;
+    LeAudioModeConfig modeConfig;
     CodecType codecType;
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl
index 776b777..f5d699e 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PcmCapabilities.aidl
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 parcelable PcmCapabilities {
     int[] sampleRateHz;
-    ChannelMode[] channelMode;
+    ChannelMode channelMode;
     byte[] bitsPerSample;
     /**
      * Data interval for data transfer
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl
index 17e746f..f3b8aed 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/PresentationPosition.aidl
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@
      */
     long transmittedOctets;
     /*
-     * transmittedOctetsTimeStamp the value of CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+     * transmittedOctetsTimestamp the value of CLOCK_MONOTONIC
      * corresponding to transmittedOctets. If the software data path is
      * unused (e.g., for Hardware Offload), the value is set to zero.
      */
-    TimeSpec transmittedOctetsTimeStamp;
+    TimeSpec transmittedOctetsTimestamp;
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl
index b588869..30faae3 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/SessionType.aidl
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
     /**
      * The encoding of AVDTP media is done by HW and there is control only
      */
-    A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DATAPATH,
+    A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH,
     /**
      * Used when encoded by Bluetooth Stack and streaming to Hearing Aid
      */
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionControl_2_2.h b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionControl_2_2.h
index b4ba8cf..71ab464 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionControl_2_2.h
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionControl_2_2.h
@@ -76,6 +76,12 @@
     } else if (session_type ==
                SessionType_2_1::A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DATAPATH) {
       return BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::kInvalidOffloadAudioConfiguration;
+    } else if (
+        session_type ==
+            SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH ||
+        session_type ==
+            SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH) {
+      return BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::kInvalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration;
     } else {
       return BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::kInvalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration;
     }
@@ -87,7 +93,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<BluetoothAudioSession_2_2> session_ptr =
         BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2::GetSessionInstance(session_type);
     if (session_ptr != nullptr) {
-      return session_ptr->GetAudioSession()->StartStream();
+      return session_ptr->StartStream();
     }
     return false;
   }
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<BluetoothAudioSession_2_2> session_ptr =
         BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2::GetSessionInstance(session_type);
     if (session_ptr != nullptr) {
-      return session_ptr->GetAudioSession()->SuspendStream();
+      return session_ptr->SuspendStream();
     }
     return false;
   }
@@ -105,7 +111,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<BluetoothAudioSession_2_2> session_ptr =
         BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2::GetSessionInstance(session_type);
     if (session_ptr != nullptr) {
-      session_ptr->GetAudioSession()->StopStream();
+      session_ptr->StopStream();
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h
index 194259a..79121cc 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSessionReport_2_2.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<BluetoothAudioSession_2_2> session_ptr =
         BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2::GetSessionInstance(session_type);
     if (session_ptr != nullptr) {
-      session_ptr->GetAudioSession()->OnSessionEnded();
+      session_ptr->OnSessionEnded();
     }
   }
   // The API reports the Bluetooth stack has replied the result of startStream
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_1.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_1.cpp
index 646e225..bf1f9b5 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_1.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_1.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,19 @@
     return false;
   }
 }
+
+bool is_unsupported_2_1_session_type(
+    const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SessionType&
+        session_type) {
+  if (session_type ==
+          SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH ||
+      session_type ==
+          SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
 }  // namespace
 
 BluetoothAudioSession_2_1::BluetoothAudioSession_2_1(
@@ -53,7 +66,8 @@
         session_type)
     : audio_session(BluetoothAudioSessionInstance::GetSessionInstance(
           static_cast<SessionType_2_0>(session_type))) {
-  if (is_2_0_session_type(session_type)) {
+  if (is_2_0_session_type(session_type) ||
+      is_unsupported_2_1_session_type(session_type)) {
     session_type_2_1_ = (SessionType_2_1::UNKNOWN);
   } else {
     session_type_2_1_ = (session_type);
@@ -80,7 +94,7 @@
     // pcmConfig only differs between 2.0 and 2.1 in AudioConfiguration
     if (fromConf.getDiscriminator() ==
         AudioConfiguration::hidl_discriminator::codecConfig) {
-      toConf.codecConfig() = fromConf.codecConfig();
+      toConf.codecConfig(fromConf.codecConfig());
     } else {
       toConf.pcmConfig() = {
           .sampleRate = static_cast<
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.cpp
index 80df5d9..db1619b 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::V5_0::AudioSource;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::V5_0::RecordTrackMetadata;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::V5_0::SinkMetadata;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_0::BitsPerSample;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_0::ChannelMode;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioConfiguration;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioMode;
+using PcmParameters_2_1 =
+    ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::PcmParameters;
+using SampleRate_2_1 = ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SampleRate;
 
 using SessionType_2_1 =
     ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SessionType;
@@ -38,10 +45,24 @@
 using AudioConfiguration_2_1 =
     ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::AudioConfiguration;
 
+static constexpr PcmParameters_2_1 kInvalidPcmParameters = {
+    .sampleRate = SampleRate_2_1::RATE_UNKNOWN,
+    .channelMode = ChannelMode::UNKNOWN,
+    .bitsPerSample = BitsPerSample::BITS_UNKNOWN,
+    .dataIntervalUs = 0,
+};
+
+static LeAudioConfiguration kInvalidLeAudioConfig = {
+    .mode = LeAudioMode::UNKNOWN,
+    .config = {},
+};
+
 ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration
     BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::invalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration = {};
 ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration
     BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::invalidOffloadAudioConfiguration = {};
+::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration
+    BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::invalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration = {};
 
 using IBluetoothAudioPort_2_2 =
     ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::IBluetoothAudioPort;
@@ -72,11 +93,17 @@
   } else {
     session_type_2_1_ = (session_type);
   }
+  invalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration.pcmConfig(kInvalidPcmParameters);
+  invalidOffloadAudioConfiguration.codecConfig(
+      audio_session->kInvalidCodecConfiguration);
+  invalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration.leAudioConfig(kInvalidLeAudioConfig);
 }
 
 bool BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::IsSessionReady() {
   if (session_type_2_1_ !=
-      SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH) {
+          SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH &&
+      session_type_2_1_ !=
+          SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH) {
     return audio_session->IsSessionReady();
   }
 
@@ -147,9 +174,17 @@
 BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::GetAudioConfig() {
   std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(audio_session->mutex_);
   if (IsSessionReady()) {
+    auto audio_config_discriminator = audio_config_2_2_.getDiscriminator();
     // If session is unknown it means it should be 2.0 type
     if (session_type_2_1_ != SessionType_2_1::UNKNOWN) {
-      if (audio_config_2_2_ != invalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration)
+      if ((audio_config_discriminator ==
+               ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration::
+                   hidl_discriminator::pcmConfig &&
+           audio_config_2_2_ != kInvalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration) ||
+          (audio_config_discriminator ==
+               ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration::
+                   hidl_discriminator::leAudioConfig &&
+           audio_config_2_2_ != kInvalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration))
         return audio_config_2_2_;
 
       ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration toConf;
@@ -157,7 +192,7 @@
           GetAudioSession_2_1()->GetAudioConfig();
       if (fromConf.getDiscriminator() ==
           AudioConfiguration_2_1::hidl_discriminator::pcmConfig) {
-        toConf.pcmConfig() = fromConf.pcmConfig();
+        toConf.pcmConfig(fromConf.pcmConfig());
         return toConf;
       }
     }
@@ -167,7 +202,7 @@
     // pcmConfig only differs between 2.0 and 2.1 in AudioConfiguration
     if (fromConf.getDiscriminator() ==
         AudioConfiguration::hidl_discriminator::codecConfig) {
-      toConf.codecConfig() = fromConf.codecConfig();
+      toConf.codecConfig(fromConf.codecConfig());
     } else {
       toConf.pcmConfig() = {
           .sampleRate = static_cast<
@@ -179,13 +214,61 @@
     }
     return toConf;
   } else if (session_type_2_1_ ==
-             SessionType_2_1::A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DATAPATH) {
-    return kInvalidOffloadAudioConfiguration;
+                 SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH ||
+             session_type_2_1_ ==
+                 SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH) {
+    return kInvalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration;
   } else {
     return kInvalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration;
   }
 }
 
+// Those control functions are for the bluetooth_audio module to start, suspend,
+// stop stream, to check position, and to update metadata.
+bool BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::StartStream() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(audio_session->mutex_);
+  if (!IsSessionReady()) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " - SessionType=" << toString(session_type_2_1_)
+               << " has NO session";
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto hal_retval = audio_session->stack_iface_->startStream();
+  if (!hal_retval.isOk()) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " - IBluetoothAudioPort SessionType="
+                 << toString(session_type_2_1_) << " failed";
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::SuspendStream() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(audio_session->mutex_);
+  if (!IsSessionReady()) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " - SessionType=" << toString(session_type_2_1_)
+               << " has NO session";
+    return false;
+  }
+  auto hal_retval = audio_session->stack_iface_->suspendStream();
+  if (!hal_retval.isOk()) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " - IBluetoothAudioPort SessionType="
+                 << toString(session_type_2_1_) << " failed";
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::StopStream() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(audio_session->mutex_);
+  if (!IsSessionReady()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  auto hal_retval = audio_session->stack_iface_->stopStream();
+  if (!hal_retval.isOk()) {
+    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " - IBluetoothAudioPort SessionType="
+                 << toString(session_type_2_1_) << " failed";
+  }
+}
+
 bool BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::UpdateAudioConfig(
     const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration&
         audio_config) {
@@ -266,8 +349,11 @@
       LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " - SessionType=" << toString(session_type_2_1_)
                  << " DataMQ Invalid";
       audio_config_2_2_ =
-          (session_type_2_1_ == SessionType_2_1::A2DP_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DATAPATH
-               ? kInvalidOffloadAudioConfiguration
+          ((session_type_2_1_ ==
+                SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH ||
+            session_type_2_1_ ==
+                SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH)
+               ? kInvalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration
                : kInvalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration);
     } else {
       audio_session->stack_iface_ = stack_iface;
@@ -278,6 +364,32 @@
   }
 }
 
+// The report function is used to report that the Bluetooth stack has ended the
+// session, and will invoke session_changed_cb_ to notify registered
+// bluetooth_audio outputs
+void BluetoothAudioSession_2_2::OnSessionEnded() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> guard(audio_session->mutex_);
+  bool toggled = IsSessionReady();
+  LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " - SessionType=" << toString(session_type_2_1_);
+  if (session_type_2_1_ == SessionType_2_1::UNKNOWN) {
+    audio_session->OnSessionEnded();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  audio_config_2_2_ =
+      ((session_type_2_1_ ==
+            SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH ||
+        session_type_2_1_ ==
+            SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH)
+           ? kInvalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration
+           : kInvalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration);
+  audio_session->stack_iface_ = nullptr;
+  audio_session->UpdateDataPath(nullptr);
+  if (toggled) {
+    audio_session->ReportSessionStatus();
+  }
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2>
     BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2::instance_ptr =
         std::unique_ptr<BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2>(
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.h b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.h
index d6ae3d7..6ac0188 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.h
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSession_2_2.h
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
       invalidSoftwareAudioConfiguration;
   static ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration
       invalidOffloadAudioConfiguration;
+  static ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration
+      invalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration;
 
  public:
   BluetoothAudioSession_2_2(
@@ -69,6 +71,17 @@
       const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration&
           audio_config);
 
+  // The report function is used to report that the Bluetooth stack has ended
+  // the session, and will invoke session_changed_cb_ to notify registered
+  // bluetooth_audio outputs
+  void OnSessionEnded();
+
+  // Those control functions are for the bluetooth_audio module to start,
+  // suspend, stop stream, to check position, and to update metadata.
+  bool StartStream();
+  bool SuspendStream();
+  void StopStream();
+
   // The control function is for the bluetooth_audio module to get the current
   // AudioConfiguration
   const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioConfiguration
@@ -82,6 +95,9 @@
   static constexpr ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::
       AudioConfiguration& kInvalidOffloadAudioConfiguration =
           invalidOffloadAudioConfiguration;
+  static constexpr ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::
+      AudioConfiguration& kInvalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration =
+          invalidLeOffloadAudioConfiguration;
 };
 
 class BluetoothAudioSessionInstance_2_2 {
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.cpp b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.cpp
index 5becdaa..34cfd7e 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.cpp
@@ -24,9 +24,59 @@
 namespace bluetooth {
 namespace audio {
 
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_0::BitsPerSample;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::CodecType;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::Lc3FrameDuration;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::Lc3Parameters;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SampleRate;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::AudioLocation;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioCodecCapability;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioMode;
 using SessionType_2_1 =
     ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SessionType;
 
+// Stores the list of offload supported capability
+std::vector<LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair> kDefaultOffloadLeAudioCapabilities;
+
+static const LeAudioCodecCapability kInvalidLc3Capability = {
+    .codecType = CodecType::UNKNOWN};
+
+// Default Supported Codecs
+// LC3 16_1: sample rate: 16 kHz, frame duration: 7.5 ms, octets per frame: 30
+static const Lc3Parameters kLc3Capability_16_1 = {
+    .samplingFrequency = SampleRate::RATE_16000,
+    .frameDuration = Lc3FrameDuration::DURATION_7500US,
+    .octetsPerFrame = 30};
+
+// Default Supported Codecs
+// LC3 16_2: sample rate: 16 kHz, frame duration: 10 ms, octets per frame: 40
+static const Lc3Parameters kLc3Capability_16_2 = {
+    .samplingFrequency = SampleRate::RATE_16000,
+    .frameDuration = Lc3FrameDuration::DURATION_10000US,
+    .octetsPerFrame = 40};
+
+// Default Supported Codecs
+// LC3 48_4: sample rate: 48 kHz, frame duration: 10 ms, octets per frame: 120
+static const Lc3Parameters kLc3Capability_48_4 = {
+    .samplingFrequency = SampleRate::RATE_48000,
+    .frameDuration = Lc3FrameDuration::DURATION_10000US,
+    .octetsPerFrame = 120};
+
+static const std::vector<Lc3Parameters> supportedLc3CapabilityList = {
+    kLc3Capability_48_4, kLc3Capability_16_2, kLc3Capability_16_1};
+
+static AudioLocation stereoAudio = static_cast<AudioLocation>(
+    AudioLocation::FRONT_LEFT | AudioLocation::FRONT_RIGHT);
+static AudioLocation monoAudio = AudioLocation::UNKNOWN;
+
+// Stores the supported setting of audio location, connected device, and the
+// channel count for each device
+std::vector<std::tuple<AudioLocation, uint8_t, uint8_t>>
+    supportedDeviceSetting = {std::make_tuple(stereoAudio, 2, 1),
+                              std::make_tuple(monoAudio, 1, 2),
+                              std::make_tuple(monoAudio, 1, 1)};
+
 bool IsOffloadLeAudioConfigurationValid(
     const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SessionType&
         session_type,
@@ -44,6 +94,60 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+LeAudioCodecCapability composeLc3Capability(AudioLocation audioLocation,
+                                            uint8_t deviceCnt,
+                                            uint8_t channelCount,
+                                            Lc3Parameters capability) {
+  return LeAudioCodecCapability{.codecType = CodecType::LC3,
+                                .supportedChannel = audioLocation,
+                                .deviceCount = deviceCnt,
+                                .channelCountPerDevice = channelCount,
+                                .capabilities = capability};
+}
+
+std::vector<LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair> GetLeAudioOffloadCodecCapabilities(
+    const SessionType_2_1& session_type) {
+  if (session_type !=
+          SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_ENCODING_DATAPATH &&
+      session_type !=
+          SessionType_2_1::LE_AUDIO_HARDWARE_OFFLOAD_DECODING_DATAPATH) {
+    return std::vector<LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair>(0);
+  }
+
+  if (kDefaultOffloadLeAudioCapabilities.empty()) {
+    for (auto [audioLocation, deviceCnt, channelCount] :
+         supportedDeviceSetting) {
+      for (auto capability : supportedLc3CapabilityList) {
+        LeAudioCodecCapability lc3Capability = composeLc3Capability(
+            audioLocation, deviceCnt, channelCount, capability);
+        LeAudioCodecCapability lc3MonoCapability =
+            composeLc3Capability(monoAudio, 1, 1, capability);
+
+        // Adds the capability for encode only
+        kDefaultOffloadLeAudioCapabilities.push_back(
+            {.mode = LeAudioMode::UNICAST,
+             .encodeCapability = lc3Capability,
+             .decodeCapability = kInvalidLc3Capability});
+
+        // Adds the capability for decode only
+        kDefaultOffloadLeAudioCapabilities.push_back(
+            {.mode = LeAudioMode::UNICAST,
+             .encodeCapability = kInvalidLc3Capability,
+             .decodeCapability = lc3Capability});
+
+        // Adds the capability for the case that encode and decode exist at the
+        // same time
+        kDefaultOffloadLeAudioCapabilities.push_back(
+            {.mode = LeAudioMode::UNICAST,
+             .encodeCapability = lc3Capability,
+             .decodeCapability = lc3MonoCapability});
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return kDefaultOffloadLeAudioCapabilities;
+}
+
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace bluetooth
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h
index 59d22b7..89da6a3 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/utils/session/BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_2.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/bluetooth/audio/2.2/types.h>
 
 #include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB.h"
+#include "BluetoothAudioSupportedCodecsDB_2_1.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace bluetooth {
@@ -29,6 +30,11 @@
         session_type,
     const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioConfiguration&
         le_audio_codec_config);
+
+std::vector<hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_2::LeAudioCodecCapabilitiesPair>
+GetLeAudioOffloadCodecCapabilities(
+    const ::android::hardware::bluetooth::audio::V2_1::SessionType&
+        session_type);
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace bluetooth
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index 01ec9cb..d39850d 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@
 
         void waitForBuffersReturned();
 
-     private:
+      private:
         bool processCaptureResultLocked(const CaptureResult& results,
                 hidl_vec<PhysicalCameraMetadata> physicalCameraMetadata);
         Return<void> notifyHelper(const hidl_vec<NotifyMsg>& msgs,
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@
 
     static Status getMandatoryConcurrentStreams(const camera_metadata_t* staticMeta,
                                                 std::vector<AvailableStream>* outputStreams);
-
+    static bool supportsPreviewStabilization(const std::string& name, sp<ICameraProvider> provider);
     static Status getJpegBufferSize(camera_metadata_t *staticMeta,
             uint32_t* outBufSize);
     static Status isConstrainedModeAvailable(camera_metadata_t *staticMeta);
@@ -955,6 +955,9 @@
 
     void processCaptureRequestInternal(uint64_t bufferusage, RequestTemplate reqTemplate,
                                        bool useSecureOnlyCameras);
+    void processPreviewStabilizationCaptureRequestInternal(
+            bool previewStabilizationOn,
+            /*inout*/ std::unordered_map<std::string, nsecs_t>& cameraDeviceToTimeLag);
 
     // Used by switchToOffline where a new result queue is created for offline reqs
     void updateInflightResultQueue(std::shared_ptr<ResultMetadataQueue> resultQueue);
@@ -1008,7 +1011,11 @@
 
         // Buffers are added by process_capture_result when output buffers
         // return from HAL but framework.
-        ::android::Vector<StreamBuffer> resultOutputBuffers;
+        struct StreamBufferAndTimestamp {
+            StreamBuffer buffer;
+            nsecs_t timeStamp;
+        };
+        ::android::Vector<StreamBufferAndTimestamp> resultOutputBuffers;
 
         std::unordered_set<std::string> expectedPhysicalResults;
 
@@ -1423,8 +1430,25 @@
         return notify;
     }
 
-    request->resultOutputBuffers.appendArray(results.outputBuffers.data(),
-            results.outputBuffers.size());
+    for (const auto& buffer : results.outputBuffers) {
+        // wait for the fence timestamp and store it along with the buffer
+        // TODO: Check if we really need the dup here
+        sp<android::Fence> releaseFence = nullptr;
+        if (buffer.releaseFence && (buffer.releaseFence->numFds == 1) &&
+            buffer.releaseFence->data[0] >= 0) {
+            releaseFence = new android::Fence(dup(buffer.releaseFence->data[0]));
+        }
+        InFlightRequest::StreamBufferAndTimestamp streamBufferAndTimestamp;
+        streamBufferAndTimestamp.buffer = buffer;
+        streamBufferAndTimestamp.timeStamp = systemTime();
+        if (releaseFence && releaseFence->isValid()) {
+            releaseFence->wait(/*ms*/ 300);
+            nsecs_t releaseTime = releaseFence->getSignalTime();
+            if (streamBufferAndTimestamp.timeStamp < releaseTime)
+                streamBufferAndTimestamp.timeStamp = releaseTime;
+        }
+        request->resultOutputBuffers.push_back(streamBufferAndTimestamp);
+    }
     // If shutter event is received notify the pending threads.
     if (request->shutterTimestamp != 0) {
         notify = true;
@@ -4926,7 +4950,7 @@
 
             ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReq.errorCodeValid);
             ASSERT_NE(inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers.size(), 0u);
-            ASSERT_EQ(testStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].streamId);
+            ASSERT_EQ(testStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].buffer.streamId);
 
             // For camera device 3.8 or newer, shutterReadoutTimestamp must be
             // available, and it must be >= shutterTimestamp + exposureTime, and
@@ -4986,7 +5010,197 @@
 
             ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReq.errorCodeValid);
             ASSERT_NE(inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers.size(), 0u);
-            ASSERT_EQ(testStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].streamId);
+            ASSERT_EQ(testStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].buffer.streamId);
+        }
+
+        if (useHalBufManager) {
+            verifyBuffersReturned(session, deviceVersion, testStream.id, cb);
+        }
+
+        ret = session->close();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CameraHidlTest, processCaptureRequestPreviewStabilization) {
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, nsecs_t> cameraDeviceToTimeLag;
+    processPreviewStabilizationCaptureRequestInternal(/*previewStabilizationOn*/ false,
+                                                      cameraDeviceToTimeLag);
+    processPreviewStabilizationCaptureRequestInternal(/*previewStabilizationOn*/ true,
+                                                      cameraDeviceToTimeLag);
+}
+
+void CameraHidlTest::processPreviewStabilizationCaptureRequestInternal(
+        bool previewStabilizationOn,
+        // Used as output when preview stabilization is off, as output when its
+        // on.
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, nsecs_t>& cameraDeviceToTimeLag) {
+    hidl_vec<hidl_string> cameraDeviceNames = getCameraDeviceNames(mProvider);
+    AvailableStream streamThreshold = {kMaxPreviewWidth, kMaxPreviewHeight,
+                                       static_cast<int32_t>(PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED)};
+    uint64_t bufferId = 1;
+    uint32_t frameNumber = 1;
+    ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> settings;
+
+    for (const auto& name : cameraDeviceNames) {
+        int deviceVersion = getCameraDeviceVersion(name, mProviderType);
+        if (deviceVersion == CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_0) {
+            continue;
+        } else if (deviceVersion <= 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unsupported device version %d", __func__, deviceVersion);
+            ADD_FAILURE();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!supportsPreviewStabilization(name, mProvider)) {
+            ALOGI(" %s Camera device %s doesn't support preview stabilization, skipping", __func__,
+                  name.c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (deviceVersion < CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_8) {
+            ALOGE("%s: device version < 3.8 must not advertise preview stabilization,"
+                  " camera metadata validation will fail",
+                  __func__);
+            ADD_FAILURE();
+        }
+
+        V3_2::Stream testStream;
+        HalStreamConfiguration halStreamConfig;
+        sp<ICameraDeviceSession> session;
+        sp<DeviceCb> cb;
+        bool supportsPartialResults = false;
+        bool useHalBufManager = false;
+        uint32_t partialResultCount = 0;
+        configureSingleStream(name, deviceVersion, mProvider, &streamThreshold,
+                              GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_HWCOMPOSER, RequestTemplate::PREVIEW,
+                              &session /*out*/, &testStream /*out*/, &halStreamConfig /*out*/,
+                              &supportsPartialResults /*out*/, &partialResultCount /*out*/,
+                              &useHalBufManager /*out*/, &cb /*out*/);
+
+        std::shared_ptr<ResultMetadataQueue> resultQueue;
+        auto resultQueueRet =
+                session->getCaptureResultMetadataQueue([&resultQueue](const auto& descriptor) {
+                    resultQueue = std::make_shared<ResultMetadataQueue>(descriptor);
+                    if (!resultQueue->isValid() || resultQueue->availableToWrite() <= 0) {
+                        ALOGE("%s: HAL returns empty result metadata fmq,"
+                              " not use it",
+                              __func__);
+                        resultQueue = nullptr;
+                        // Don't use the queue onwards.
+                    }
+                });
+        ASSERT_TRUE(resultQueueRet.isOk());
+
+        InFlightRequest inflightReq = {1, false, supportsPartialResults, partialResultCount,
+                                       resultQueue};
+
+        Return<void> ret;
+        android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata defaultSettings;
+        ret = session->constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+                RequestTemplate::PREVIEW, [&](auto status, const auto& req) {
+                    ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, status);
+                    const camera_metadata_t* metadata =
+                            reinterpret_cast<const camera_metadata_t*>(req.data());
+                    defaultSettings = metadata;
+                    settings = req;
+                });
+        ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+        android::status_t metadataRet = ::android::OK;
+        uint8_t videoStabilizationMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+        if (previewStabilizationOn) {
+            videoStabilizationMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_PREVIEW_STABILIZATION;
+            metadataRet = defaultSettings.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                                 &videoStabilizationMode, 1);
+        } else {
+            metadataRet = defaultSettings.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                                 &videoStabilizationMode, 1);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(metadataRet, ::android::OK);
+        hidl_handle buffer_handle;
+        StreamBuffer outputBuffer;
+        if (useHalBufManager) {
+            outputBuffer = {halStreamConfig.streams[0].id,
+                            /*bufferId*/ 0,
+                            buffer_handle,
+                            BufferStatus::OK,
+                            nullptr,
+                            nullptr};
+        } else {
+            allocateGraphicBuffer(
+                    testStream.width, testStream.height,
+                    /* We don't look at halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage
+                     * since that is 0 for output streams
+                     */
+                    android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
+                                                    GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_HWCOMPOSER),
+                    halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat, &buffer_handle);
+            outputBuffer = {halStreamConfig.streams[0].id,
+                            bufferId,
+                            buffer_handle,
+                            BufferStatus::OK,
+                            nullptr,
+                            nullptr};
+        }
+        ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<StreamBuffer> outputBuffers = {outputBuffer};
+        StreamBuffer emptyInputBuffer = {-1, 0, nullptr, BufferStatus::ERROR, nullptr, nullptr};
+        CaptureRequest request = {frameNumber, 0 /* fmqSettingsSize */, settings, emptyInputBuffer,
+                                  outputBuffers};
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(mLock);
+            mInflightMap.clear();
+            mInflightMap.add(frameNumber, &inflightReq);
+        }
+
+        Status status = Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        uint32_t numRequestProcessed = 0;
+        hidl_vec<BufferCache> cachesToRemove;
+        Return<void> returnStatus = session->processCaptureRequest(
+                {request}, cachesToRemove, [&status, &numRequestProcessed](auto s, uint32_t n) {
+                    status = s;
+                    numRequestProcessed = n;
+                });
+        ASSERT_TRUE(returnStatus.isOk());
+        ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, status);
+        ASSERT_EQ(numRequestProcessed, 1u);
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(mLock);
+            while (!inflightReq.errorCodeValid &&
+                   ((0 < inflightReq.numBuffersLeft) || (!inflightReq.haveResultMetadata))) {
+                auto timeout = std::chrono::system_clock::now() +
+                               std::chrono::seconds(kStreamBufferTimeoutSec);
+                ASSERT_NE(std::cv_status::timeout, mResultCondition.wait_until(l, timeout));
+            }
+
+            ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReq.errorCodeValid);
+            ASSERT_NE(inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers.size(), 0u);
+            ASSERT_EQ(testStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].buffer.streamId);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(inflightReq.shutterReadoutTimestampValid);
+            nsecs_t readoutTimestamp = inflightReq.shutterReadoutTimestamp;
+
+            if (previewStabilizationOn) {
+                // Here we collect the time difference between the buffer ready
+                // timestamp - notify readout timestamp.
+                // timeLag = buffer ready timestamp - notify readout timestamp.
+                // timeLag(previewStabilization) must be <=
+                //        timeLag(stabilization off) + 1 frame duration.
+                auto it = cameraDeviceToTimeLag.find(name.c_str());
+                camera_metadata_entry e;
+                e = inflightReq.collectedResult.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_FRAME_DURATION);
+                ASSERT_TRUE(e.count > 0);
+                nsecs_t frameDuration = e.data.i64[0];
+                ASSERT_TRUE(it != cameraDeviceToTimeLag.end());
+
+                nsecs_t previewStabOnLagTime =
+                        inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].timeStamp - readoutTimestamp;
+                ASSERT_TRUE(previewStabOnLagTime <= (it->second + frameDuration));
+            } else {
+                // Fill in the buffer ready timestamp - notify timestamp;
+                cameraDeviceToTimeLag[std::string(name.c_str())] =
+                        inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].timeStamp - readoutTimestamp;
+            }
         }
 
         if (useHalBufManager) {
@@ -5567,7 +5781,7 @@
 
             ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReqs[i].errorCodeValid);
             ASSERT_NE(inflightReqs[i].resultOutputBuffers.size(), 0u);
-            ASSERT_EQ(previewStream.id, inflightReqs[i].resultOutputBuffers[0].streamId);
+            ASSERT_EQ(previewStream.id, inflightReqs[i].resultOutputBuffers[0].buffer.streamId);
             ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReqs[i].collectedResult.isEmpty());
             ASSERT_TRUE(inflightReqs[i].collectedResult.exists(ANDROID_SENSOR_SENSITIVITY));
             camera_metadata_entry_t isoResult = inflightReqs[i].collectedResult.find(
@@ -5851,7 +6065,7 @@
 
             ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReqs[i].errorCodeValid);
             ASSERT_NE(inflightReqs[i].resultOutputBuffers.size(), 0u);
-            ASSERT_EQ(stream.id, inflightReqs[i].resultOutputBuffers[0].streamId);
+            ASSERT_EQ(stream.id, inflightReqs[i].resultOutputBuffers[0].buffer.streamId);
             ASSERT_FALSE(inflightReqs[i].collectedResult.isEmpty());
         }
 
@@ -6047,7 +6261,7 @@
 
             if (!inflightReq.errorCodeValid) {
                 ASSERT_NE(inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers.size(), 0u);
-                ASSERT_EQ(previewStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].streamId);
+                ASSERT_EQ(previewStream.id, inflightReq.resultOutputBuffers[0].buffer.streamId);
             } else {
                 switch (inflightReq.errorCode) {
                     case ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST:
@@ -7685,6 +7899,47 @@
                           previewStream, halStreamConfig, supportsPartialResults,
                           partialResultCount, useHalBufManager, outCb, streamConfigCounter);
 }
+
+bool CameraHidlTest::supportsPreviewStabilization(const std::string& name,
+                                                  sp<ICameraProvider> provider) {
+    Return<void> ret;
+    sp<ICameraDevice> device3_x = nullptr;
+    ret = provider->getCameraDeviceInterface_V3_x(name, [&](auto status, const auto& device) {
+        ALOGI("getCameraDeviceInterface_V3_x returns status:%d", (int)status);
+        ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, status);
+        ASSERT_NE(device, nullptr);
+        device3_x = device;
+    });
+    if (!(ret.isOk())) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Failed to get camera device interface for " << name;
+    }
+
+    camera_metadata_t* staticMeta = nullptr;
+    ret = device3_x->getCameraCharacteristics([&](Status s, CameraMetadata metadata) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, s);
+        staticMeta =
+                clone_camera_metadata(reinterpret_cast<const camera_metadata_t*>(metadata.data()));
+    });
+    if (!(ret.isOk())) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Failed to get camera characteristics for " << name;
+    }
+    // Go through the characteristics and see if video stabilization modes have
+    // preview stabilization
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry entry;
+
+    int retcode = find_camera_metadata_ro_entry(
+            staticMeta, ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODES, &entry);
+    if ((0 == retcode) && (entry.count > 0)) {
+        for (auto i = 0; i < entry.count; i++) {
+            if (entry.data.u8[i] ==
+                ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_PREVIEW_STABILIZATION) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 // Open a device session and configure a preview stream.
 void CameraHidlTest::configureSingleStream(
         const std::string& name, int32_t deviceVersion, sp<ICameraProvider> provider,
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml
index a75ed25..468735d 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml
@@ -207,7 +207,10 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="false">
+    <!-- Either the AIDL or the HIDL health HAL must exist on the device.
+         If the HIDL health HAL exists, it must be at least version 2.0.
+         See DeviceManifestTest.HealthHal -->
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.health</name>
         <version>2.0</version>
         <interface>
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml
index 3b8ee21..96f291f 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.4.xml
@@ -213,7 +213,10 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="false">
+    <!-- Either the AIDL or the HIDL health HAL must exist on the device.
+         If the HIDL health HAL exists, it must be at least version 2.0.
+         See DeviceManifestTest.HealthHal -->
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.health</name>
         <version>2.0</version>
         <interface>
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml
index 0fb21a7..3642814 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.5.xml
@@ -238,7 +238,10 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="false">
+    <!-- Either the AIDL or the HIDL health HAL must exist on the device.
+         If the HIDL health HAL exists, it must be at least version 2.1.
+         See DeviceManifestTest.HealthHal -->
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.health</name>
         <version>2.1</version>
         <interface>
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml
index aee2c51..9c42cb0 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.6.xml
@@ -268,7 +268,10 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="false">
+    <!-- Either the AIDL or the HIDL health HAL must exist on the device.
+         If the HIDL health HAL exists, it must be at least version 2.1.
+         See DeviceManifestTest.HealthHal -->
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.health</name>
         <version>2.1</version>
         <interface>
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
index 27e6b26..c480c13 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
@@ -210,14 +210,6 @@
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
-        <name>android.hardware.contexthub</name>
-        <version>1.2</version>
-        <interface>
-            <name>IContexthub</name>
-            <instance>default</instance>
-        </interface>
-    </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.drm</name>
         <version>1.3-4</version>
         <interface>
@@ -260,6 +252,14 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IGnssVisibilityControl</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="false">
         <name>android.hardware.graphics.allocator</name>
         <!-- New, non-Go devices should use 4.0, tested in vts_treble_vintf_vendor_test -->
@@ -337,9 +337,9 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.ir</name>
-        <version>1.0</version>
+        <version>1</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IConsumerIr</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/Android.bp b/gnss/aidl/Android.bp
index b197eae..12dd0ac 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -24,9 +24,27 @@
 }
 
 aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/*.aidl"],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    backend: {
+        java: {
+            platform_apis: true,
+        },
+        ndk: {
+            vndk: {
+                enabled: true,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.gnss",
     vendor_available: true,
     srcs: ["android/hardware/gnss/*.aidl"],
+    imports: ["android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control"],
     stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
         java: {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control/current/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.aidl
similarity index 81%
copy from graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
copy to gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control/current/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.aidl
index 73385d4..7ef08d2 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control/current/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@
 // with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
 // later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
 
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+package android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control;
 @VintfStability
-parcelable LayerGenericMetadataKey {
-  String name;
-  boolean mandatory;
+interface IGnssVisibilityControl {
+  void enableNfwLocationAccess(in String[] proxyApps);
+  void setCallback(in android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControlCallback callback);
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control/current/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.aidl b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control/current/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37e1886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control/current/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control;
+@VintfStability
+interface IGnssVisibilityControlCallback {
+  void nfwNotifyCb(in android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.NfwNotification notification);
+  boolean isInEmergencySession();
+  @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+  enum NfwProtocolStack {
+    CTRL_PLANE = 0,
+    SUPL = 1,
+    IMS = 10,
+    SIM = 11,
+    OTHER_PROTOCOL_STACK = 100,
+  }
+  @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+  enum NfwRequestor {
+    CARRIER = 0,
+    OEM = 10,
+    MODEM_CHIPSET_VENDOR = 11,
+    GNSS_CHIPSET_VENDOR = 12,
+    OTHER_CHIPSET_VENDOR = 13,
+    AUTOMOBILE_CLIENT = 20,
+    OTHER_REQUESTOR = 100,
+  }
+  @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+  enum NfwResponseType {
+    REJECTED = 0,
+    ACCEPTED_NO_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 1,
+    ACCEPTED_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 2,
+  }
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable NfwNotification {
+    String proxyAppPackageName;
+    android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.NfwProtocolStack protocolStack;
+    String otherProtocolStackName;
+    android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.NfwRequestor requestor;
+    String requestorId;
+    android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.NfwResponseType responseType;
+    boolean inEmergencyMode;
+    boolean isCachedLocation;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
index 9df7fe5..3477380 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
   @nullable android.hardware.gnss.IGnssNavigationMessageInterface getExtensionGnssNavigationMessage();
   android.hardware.gnss.IAGnss getExtensionAGnss();
   android.hardware.gnss.IGnssDebug getExtensionGnssDebug();
+  android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControl getExtensionGnssVisibilityControl();
   const int ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT = 1;
   const int ERROR_ALREADY_INIT = 2;
   const int ERROR_GENERIC = 3;
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
index 2751521..1351f59 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import android.hardware.gnss.IGnssNavigationMessageInterface;
 import android.hardware.gnss.IGnssPowerIndication;
 import android.hardware.gnss.IGnssPsds;
+import android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControl;
 
 /**
  * Represents the standard GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) interface.
@@ -144,4 +145,11 @@
      * @return Handle to the IGnssDebug interface.
      */
     IGnssDebug getExtensionGnssDebug();
+
+    /**
+     * This method returns the IGnssVisibilityControl.
+     *
+     * @return Handle to the IGnssVisibilityControl.
+     */
+    IGnssVisibilityControl getExtensionGnssVisibilityControl();
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93c3f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control;
+
+import android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control.IGnssVisibilityControlCallback;
+
+/**
+ * Represents the GNSS location reporting permissions and notification interface.
+ *
+ * This interface is used to tell the GNSS HAL implementation whether the framework user has
+ * granted permission to the GNSS HAL implementation to provide GNSS location information for
+ * non-framework (NFW), non-user initiated emergency use cases, and to notify the framework user
+ * of these GNSS location information deliveries.
+ *
+ * For user initiated emergency cases (and for the configured extended emergency session duration),
+ * the GNSS HAL implementation must serve the emergency location supporting network initiated
+ * location requests immediately irrespective of this permission settings.
+ *
+ * There is no separate need for the GNSS HAL implementation to monitor the global device location
+ * on/off setting. Permission to use GNSS for non-framework use cases is expressly controlled
+ * by the method enableNfwLocationAccess(). The framework monitors the location permission settings
+ * of the configured proxy applications(s), and device location settings, and calls the method
+ * enableNfwLocationAccess() whenever the user control proxy applications have, or do not have,
+ * location permission. The proxy applications are used to provide user visibility and control of
+ * location access by the non-framework on/off device entities they are representing.
+ *
+ * For device user visibility, the GNSS HAL implementation must call the method
+ * IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.nfwNotifyCb() whenever location request is rejected or
+ * location information is provided to non-framework entities (on or off device). This includes
+ * the network initiated location requests for user-initiated emergency use cases as well.
+ *
+ * The HAL implementations that support this interface must not report GNSS location, measurement,
+ * status, or other information that can be used to derive user location to any entity when not
+ * expressly authorized by this HAL. This includes all endpoints for location information
+ * off the device, including carriers, vendors, OEM and others directly or indirectly.
+ */
+@VintfStability
+interface IGnssVisibilityControl {
+    /**
+     * Enables/disables non-framework entity location access permission in the GNSS HAL.
+     *
+     * The framework will call this method to update GNSS HAL implementation every time the
+     * framework user, through the given proxy application(s) and/or device location settings,
+     * explicitly grants/revokes the location access permission for non-framework, non-user
+     * initiated emergency use cases.
+     *
+     * Whenever the user location information is delivered to non-framework entities, the HAL
+     * implementation must call the method IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.nfwNotifyCb() to notify
+     * the framework for user visibility.
+     *
+     * @param proxyApps Full list of package names of proxy Android applications representing
+     * the non-framework location access entities (on/off the device) for which the framework
+     * user has granted non-framework location access permission. The GNSS HAL implementation
+     * must provide location information only to non-framework entities represented by these
+     * proxy applications.
+     *
+     * The package name of the proxy Android application follows the standard Java language
+     * package naming format. For example, com.example.myapp.
+     */
+    void enableNfwLocationAccess(in String[] proxyApps);
+
+    /**
+     * Registers the callback for HAL implementation to use.
+     *
+     * @param callback Handle to IGnssVisibilityControlCallback interface.
+     */
+    void setCallback(in IGnssVisibilityControlCallback callback);
+}
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..051fbe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControlCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control;
+
+/**
+ * GNSS location reporting permissions and notification callback interface.
+ */
+@VintfStability
+interface IGnssVisibilityControlCallback {
+    /**
+     * Protocol stack that is requesting the non-framework location information.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    @Backing(type="int")
+    enum NfwProtocolStack {
+        /** Cellular control plane requests */
+        CTRL_PLANE = 0,
+
+        /** All types of SUPL requests */
+        SUPL = 1,
+
+        /** All types of requests from IMS */
+        IMS = 10,
+
+        /** All types of requests from SIM */
+        SIM = 11,
+
+        /** Requests from other protocol stacks */
+        OTHER_PROTOCOL_STACK = 100
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Entity that is requesting/receiving the location information.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    @Backing(type="int")
+    enum NfwRequestor {
+        /** Wireless service provider */
+        CARRIER = 0,
+
+        /** Device manufacturer */
+        OEM = 10,
+
+        /** Modem chipset vendor */
+        MODEM_CHIPSET_VENDOR = 11,
+
+        /** GNSS chipset vendor */
+        GNSS_CHIPSET_VENDOR = 12,
+
+        /** Other chipset vendor */
+        OTHER_CHIPSET_VENDOR = 13,
+
+        /** Automobile client */
+        AUTOMOBILE_CLIENT = 20,
+
+        /** Other sources */
+        OTHER_REQUESTOR = 100
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * GNSS response type for non-framework location requests.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    @Backing(type="int")
+    enum NfwResponseType {
+        /** Request rejected because framework has not given permission for this use case */
+        REJECTED = 0,
+
+        /** Request accepted but could not provide location because of a failure */
+        ACCEPTED_NO_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 1,
+
+        /** Request accepted and location provided */
+        ACCEPTED_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 2,
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a non-framework location information request/response notification.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable NfwNotification {
+        /**
+         * Package name of the Android proxy application representing the non-framework
+         * entity that requested location. Set to empty string if unknown.
+         *
+         * For user-initiated emergency use cases, this field must be set to empty string
+         * and the inEmergencyMode field must be set to true.
+         */
+        String proxyAppPackageName;
+
+        /** Protocol stack that initiated the non-framework location request. */
+        NfwProtocolStack protocolStack;
+
+        /**
+         * Name of the protocol stack if protocolStack field is set to OTHER_PROTOCOL_STACK.
+         * Otherwise, set to empty string.
+         *
+         * This field is opaque to the framework and used for logging purposes.
+         */
+        String otherProtocolStackName;
+
+        /** Source initiating/receiving the location information. */
+        NfwRequestor requestor;
+
+        /**
+         * Identity of the endpoint receiving the location information. For example, carrier
+         * name, OEM name, SUPL SLP/E-SLP FQDN, chipset vendor name, etc.
+         *
+         * This field is opaque to the framework and used for logging purposes.
+         */
+        String requestorId;
+
+        /** Indicates whether location information was provided for this request. */
+        NfwResponseType responseType;
+
+        /** Is the device in user initiated emergency session. */
+        boolean inEmergencyMode;
+
+        /** Is cached location provided */
+        boolean isCachedLocation;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Callback to report a non-framework delivered location.
+     *
+     * The GNSS HAL implementation must call this method to notify the framework whenever
+     * a non-framework location request is made to the GNSS HAL.
+     *
+     * Non-framework entities like low power sensor hubs that request location from GNSS and
+     * only pass location information through Android framework controls are exempt from this
+     * power-spending reporting. However, low power sensor hubs or other chipsets which may send
+     * the location information to anywhere other than Android framework (which provides user
+     * visibility and control), must report location information use through this API whenever
+     * location information (or events driven by that location such as "home" location detection)
+     * leaves the domain of that low power chipset.
+     *
+     * To avoid overly spamming the framework, high speed location reporting of the exact same
+     * type may be throttled to report location at a lower rate than the actual report rate, as
+     * long as the location is reported with a latency of no more than the larger of 5 seconds,
+     * or the next the Android processor awake time. For example, if an Automotive client is
+     * getting location information from the GNSS location system at 20Hz, this method may be
+     * called at 1Hz. As another example, if a low power processor is getting location from the
+     * GNSS chipset, and the Android processor is asleep, the notification to the Android HAL may
+     * be delayed until the next wake of the Android processor.
+     *
+     * @param notification Non-framework delivered location request/response description.
+     */
+    void nfwNotifyCb(in NfwNotification notification);
+
+    /**
+     * Tells if the device is currently in an emergency session.
+     *
+     * Emergency session is defined as the device being actively in a user initiated emergency
+     * call or in post emergency call extension time period.
+     *
+     * If the GNSS HAL implementation cannot determine if the device is in emergency session
+     * mode, it must call this method to confirm that the device is in emergency session before
+     * serving network initiated emergency SUPL and Control Plane location requests.
+     *
+     * @return success True if the framework determines that the device is in emergency session.
+     */
+    boolean isInEmergencySession();
+}
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/Android.bp b/gnss/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 24569ae..29c26d1 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
         "android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections@1.1",
         "android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections@1.0",
         "android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.gnss-V2-ndk",
     ],
     srcs: [
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@
         "GnssPsds.cpp",
         "GnssConfiguration.cpp",
         "GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp",
+        "GnssVisibilityControl.cpp",
         "service.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp b/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp
index 45d6b1d..afb7b95 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "GnssMeasurementInterface.h"
 #include "GnssNavigationMessageInterface.h"
 #include "GnssPsds.h"
+#include "GnssVisibilityControl.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss {
 
@@ -128,4 +129,12 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Gnss::getExtensionGnssVisibilityControl(
+        std::shared_ptr<visibility_control::IGnssVisibilityControl>* iGnssVisibilityControl) {
+    ALOGD("Gnss::getExtensionGnssVisibilityControl");
+
+    *iGnssVisibilityControl = SharedRefBase::make<visibility_control::GnssVisibilityControl>();
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.h b/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.h
index f59607f..67fef94 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.h
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/BnGnssMeasurementInterface.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/BnGnssPowerIndication.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/BnGnssPsds.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/BnGnssVisibilityControl.h>
 #include "GnssConfiguration.h"
 #include "GnssPowerIndication.h"
 
@@ -48,6 +49,9 @@
             std::shared_ptr<IGnssNavigationMessageInterface>* iGnssNavigationMessage) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getExtensionAGnss(std::shared_ptr<IAGnss>* iAGnss) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getExtensionGnssDebug(std::shared_ptr<IGnssDebug>* iGnssDebug) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getExtensionGnssVisibilityControl(
+            std::shared_ptr<android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control::IGnssVisibilityControl>*
+                    iGnssVisibilityControl) override;
 
     std::shared_ptr<GnssConfiguration> mGnssConfiguration;
     std::shared_ptr<GnssPowerIndication> mGnssPowerIndication;
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/GnssVisibilityControl.cpp b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssVisibilityControl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..208d73c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssVisibilityControl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "GnssVisibilityControl"
+
+#include "GnssVisibilityControl.h"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control {
+
+std::shared_ptr<IGnssVisibilityControlCallback> GnssVisibilityControl::sCallback = nullptr;
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus GnssVisibilityControl::enableNfwLocationAccess(
+        const std::vector<std::string>& proxyApps) {
+    std::string os;
+    bool first = true;
+    for (const auto& proxyApp : proxyApps) {
+        if (first) {
+            first = false;
+        } else {
+            os += " ";
+        }
+        os += proxyApp;
+    }
+
+    ALOGD("GnssVisibilityControl::enableNfwLocationAccess proxyApps: %s", os.c_str());
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus GnssVisibilityControl::setCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IGnssVisibilityControlCallback>& callback) {
+    ALOGD("GnssVisibilityControl::setCallback");
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    sCallback = callback;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/GnssVisibilityControl.h b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssVisibilityControl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b36442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssVisibilityControl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/BnGnssVisibilityControl.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control {
+
+struct GnssVisibilityControl : public BnGnssVisibilityControl {
+  public:
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableNfwLocationAccess(const std::vector<std::string>& hostname) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IGnssVisibilityControlCallback>& callback) override;
+
+  private:
+    // Synchronization lock for sCallback
+    mutable std::mutex mMutex;
+    // Guarded by mMutex
+    static std::shared_ptr<IGnssVisibilityControlCallback> sCallback;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/gnss/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 041d579..d532fad 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
         "GnssMeasurementCallbackAidl.cpp",
         "GnssNavigationMessageCallback.cpp",
         "GnssPowerIndicationCallback.cpp",
+        "GnssVisibilityControlCallback.cpp",
         "VtsHalGnssTargetTest.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.gnss-V2-cpp",
         "android.hardware.gnss@common-vts-lib",
+        "android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control-V1-cpp",
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/GnssVisibilityControlCallback.cpp b/gnss/aidl/vts/GnssVisibilityControlCallback.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa27af1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/GnssVisibilityControlCallback.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GnssVisibilityControlCallback.h"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+android::binder::Status GnssVisibilityControlCallback::nfwNotifyCb(const NfwNotification&) {
+    // To implement
+    return android::binder::Status::ok();
+}
+
+android::binder::Status GnssVisibilityControlCallback::isInEmergencySession(bool*) {
+    // To implement
+    return android::binder::Status::ok();
+}
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/GnssVisibilityControlCallback.h b/gnss/aidl/vts/GnssVisibilityControlCallback.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbacde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/GnssVisibilityControlCallback.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/BnGnssVisibilityControlCallback.h>
+
+class GnssVisibilityControlCallback
+    : public android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control::BnGnssVisibilityControlCallback {
+  public:
+    GnssVisibilityControlCallback(){};
+    ~GnssVisibilityControlCallback(){};
+    android::binder::Status nfwNotifyCb(
+            const android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control::IGnssVisibilityControlCallback::
+                    NfwNotification& notification) override;
+    android::binder::Status isInEmergencySession(bool* _aidl_return) override;
+};
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
index 36be631..90b643c 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/gnss/IGnssMeasurementInterface.h>
 #include <android/hardware/gnss/IGnssPowerIndication.h>
 #include <android/hardware/gnss/IGnssPsds.h>
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/visibility_control/IGnssVisibilityControl.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include "AGnssCallbackAidl.h"
 #include "GnssBatchingCallback.h"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 #include "GnssMeasurementCallbackAidl.h"
 #include "GnssNavigationMessageCallback.h"
 #include "GnssPowerIndicationCallback.h"
+#include "GnssVisibilityControlCallback.h"
 #include "gnss_hal_test.h"
 
 using android::sp;
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@
 using android::hardware::gnss::IGnssPsds;
 using android::hardware::gnss::PsdsType;
 using android::hardware::gnss::SatellitePvt;
+using android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control::IGnssVisibilityControl;
 
 using GnssConstellationTypeAidl = android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType;
 
@@ -876,3 +879,27 @@
                     data.time.frequencyUncertaintyNsPerSec <= 2.0e5);  // 200 ppm
     }
 }
+
+/*
+ * TestAGnssExtension:
+ * TestGnssVisibilityControlExtension:
+ * 1. Gets the IGnssVisibilityControl extension.
+ * 2. Sets GnssVisibilityControlCallback
+ * 3. Sets proxy apps
+ */
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, TestGnssVisibilityControlExtension) {
+    if (aidl_gnss_hal_->getInterfaceVersion() == 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+    sp<IGnssVisibilityControl> iGnssVisibilityControl;
+    auto status = aidl_gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssVisibilityControl(&iGnssVisibilityControl);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iGnssVisibilityControl != nullptr);
+    auto gnssVisibilityControlCallback = sp<GnssVisibilityControlCallback>::make();
+    status = iGnssVisibilityControl->setCallback(gnssVisibilityControlCallback);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+    std::vector<String16> proxyApps{String16("com.example.ims"), String16("com.example.mdt")};
+    status = iGnssVisibilityControl->enableNfwLocationAccess(proxyApps);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp
index 5f5b54e..2532a7a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -55,20 +55,6 @@
     },
 }
 
-cc_library {
-    name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-translate-ndk",
-    vendor_available: true,
-    srcs: ["android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.cpp"],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
-    ],
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-}
-
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
     vendor_available: true,
@@ -88,3 +74,16 @@
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-hidl2aidl-asserts",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Hidl2AidlAsserts.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClockMonotonicTimestamp.aidl
similarity index 95%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClockMonotonicTimestamp.aidl
index 73385d4..480a85c 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClockMonotonicTimestamp.aidl
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 
 package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
 @VintfStability
-parcelable LayerGenericMetadataKey {
-  String name;
-  boolean mandatory;
+parcelable ClockMonotonicTimestamp {
+  long timestampNanos;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ColorTransformPayload.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ColorTransformPayload.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index df07c9c..0000000
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ColorTransformPayload.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
-// two cases:
-// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
-// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
-//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
-//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
-//
-// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
-// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
-// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
-// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
-// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
-// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
-
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
-@VintfStability
-parcelable ColorTransformPayload {
-  float[] matrix;
-  android.hardware.graphics.common.ColorTransform hint;
-}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
index 2f5d00f..3382633 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
@@ -36,9 +36,10 @@
 parcelable DisplayCommand {
   long display;
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.LayerCommand[] layers;
-  @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ColorTransformPayload colorTransform;
+  @nullable float[] colorTransformMatrix;
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClientTarget clientTarget;
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.Buffer virtualDisplayOutputBuffer;
+  @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime;
   boolean validateDisplay;
   boolean acceptDisplayChanges;
   boolean presentDisplay;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/GenericMetadata.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/GenericMetadata.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index c18529b..0000000
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/GenericMetadata.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
-///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
-// two cases:
-// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
-// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
-//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
-//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
-//
-// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
-// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
-// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
-// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
-// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
-// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
-
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
-@VintfStability
-parcelable GenericMetadata {
-  android.hardware.graphics.composer3.LayerGenericMetadataKey key;
-  byte[] value;
-}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
index 2bdbc9f..2d17e0f 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
@@ -52,11 +52,10 @@
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayContentSample getDisplayedContentSample(long display, long maxFrames, long timestamp);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.DisplayContentSamplingAttributes getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(long display);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.HdrCapabilities getHdrCapabilities(long display);
-  android.hardware.graphics.composer3.LayerGenericMetadataKey[] getLayerGenericMetadataKeys();
   int getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PerFrameMetadataKey[] getPerFrameMetadataKeys(long display);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ReadbackBufferAttributes getReadbackBufferAttributes(long display);
-  ParcelFileDescriptor getReadbackBufferFence(long display);
+  @nullable ParcelFileDescriptor getReadbackBufferFence(long display);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.RenderIntent[] getRenderIntents(long display, android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ColorMode mode);
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ContentType[] getSupportedContentTypes(long display);
   void registerCallback(in android.hardware.graphics.composer3.IComposerCallback callback);
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@
   void setDisplayBrightness(long display, float brightness);
   void setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(long display, boolean enable, android.hardware.graphics.composer3.FormatColorComponent componentMask, long maxFrames);
   void setPowerMode(long display, android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PowerMode mode);
-  void setReadbackBuffer(long display, in android.hardware.common.NativeHandle buffer, in ParcelFileDescriptor releaseFence);
+  void setReadbackBuffer(long display, in android.hardware.common.NativeHandle buffer, in @nullable ParcelFileDescriptor releaseFence);
   void setVsyncEnabled(long display, boolean enabled);
   const int EX_BAD_CONFIG = 1;
   const int EX_BAD_DISPLAY = 2;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl
index bad72fc..ab77880 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ZOrder z;
   @nullable float[] colorTransform;
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.WhitePointNits whitePointNits;
-  @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.GenericMetadata genericMetadata;
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PerFrameMetadata[] perFrameMetadata;
   @nullable android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PerFrameMetadataBlob[] perFrameMetadataBlob;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl
index 3514e53..e6ddeba 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
   android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PresentOrValidate.Result result;
   @VintfStability
   enum Result {
-    Presented = 0,
-    Validated = 1,
+    Validated = 0,
+    Presented = 1,
   }
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClockMonotonicTimestamp.aidl
similarity index 75%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClockMonotonicTimestamp.aidl
index 0a93c9e..0cfd1c4 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClockMonotonicTimestamp.aidl
@@ -17,17 +17,9 @@
 package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
 
 /**
- * Special index values (always negative) for command queue commands.
+ * Represents a nanoseconds timestamp in CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
  */
 @VintfStability
-@Backing(type="int")
-enum HandleIndex {
-    /**
-     * No handle
-     */
-    EMPTY = -1,
-    /**
-     * Use cached handle
-     */
-    CACHED = -2,
+parcelable ClockMonotonicTimestamp {
+    long timestampNanos;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ColorTransformPayload.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ColorTransformPayload.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index fc37dac..0000000
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ColorTransformPayload.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
-
-import android.hardware.graphics.common.ColorTransform;
-
-@VintfStability
-parcelable ColorTransformPayload {
-    /**
-     * 4x4 transform matrix (16 floats) as described in DisplayCommand.colorTransform.
-     */
-    float[] matrix;
-
-    /**
-     * Hint value which may be used instead of the given matrix unless it
-     * is ColorTransform.ARBITRARY.
-     */
-    ColorTransform hint;
-}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.aidl
index 4947463..803de06 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.aidl
@@ -74,16 +74,17 @@
      */
     SIDEBAND = 5,
     /**
-     * A display decoration layer contains a buffer which is an 8 bit
-     * alpha mask. Pixels in the mask with an alpha of 0 (transparent) will
-     * show the content underneath, and pixels with an alpha of 255 will be
-     * be rendered in black. An alpha in between will show the content
-     * blended with black. This is useful, for example, to provide
+     * A display decoration layer contains a buffer which is used to provide
      * anti-aliasing on the cutout region/rounded corners on the top and
      * bottom of a display.
      *
+     * Pixels in the buffer with an alpha of 0 (transparent) will show the
+     * content underneath, and pixels with a max alpha value will be rendered in
+     * black. An alpha in between will show the underlying content blended with
+     * black.
+     *
      * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this type
-     * to CLIENT.
+     * to either DEVICE or CLIENT.
      */
     DISPLAY_DECORATION = 6,
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
index 21497c4..18461ad 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.aidl
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.Buffer;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClientTarget;
-import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ColorTransformPayload;
+import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ClockMonotonicTimestamp;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.LayerCommand;
 
 @VintfStability
@@ -38,11 +38,7 @@
     /**
      * Sets a color transform which will be applied after composition.
      *
-     * If hint is not ColorTransform.ARBITRARY, then the device may use the
-     * hint to apply the desired color transform instead of using the color
-     * matrix directly.
-     *
-     * If the device is not capable of either using the hint or the matrix to
+     * If the device is not capable of either using the matrix to
      * apply the desired color transform, it must force all layers to client
      * composition during VALIDATE_DISPLAY.
      *
@@ -70,7 +66,7 @@
      * B_out = R_in * r.b + G_in * g.b + B_in * b.b + Tb
      *
      */
-    @nullable ColorTransformPayload colorTransform;
+    @nullable float[] colorTransformMatrix;
 
     /**
      * Sets the buffer handle which will receive the output of client
@@ -115,6 +111,14 @@
     @nullable Buffer virtualDisplayOutputBuffer;
 
     /**
+     * Sets the expected present time to present the current content on screen.
+     * The implementation should try to present the display as close as possible
+     * to the given expectedPresentTime. If expectedPresentTime is 0, the
+     * implementation should present the display as soon as possible.
+     */
+    @nullable ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime;
+
+    /**
      * Instructs the device to inspect all of the layer state and determine if
      * there are any composition type changes necessary before presenting the
      * display. Permitted changes are described in the definition of
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/GenericMetadata.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/GenericMetadata.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index d0254dd..0000000
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/GenericMetadata.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
-
-import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.LayerGenericMetadataKey;
-
-@VintfStability
-parcelable GenericMetadata {
-    /**
-     * Indicates which metadata value should be set.
-     */
-    LayerGenericMetadataKey key;
-    /**
-     * The binary representation of a AIDL struct corresponding to
-     * the key as described above.
-     * TODO(b/209691612): revisit the use of byte[]
-     */
-    byte[] value;
-}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Hidl2AidlAsserts.cpp
similarity index 78%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.cpp
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Hidl2AidlAsserts.cpp
index a3c8176..d34b405 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Hidl2AidlAsserts.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,33 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BlendMode.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/FRect.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Rect.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Capability.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetProperty.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Color.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ContentType.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayAttribute.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCapability.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConnectionType.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/FloatColor.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/FormatColorComponent.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadata.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadataBlob.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadataKey.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PowerMode.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints.h"
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerCallback.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerClient.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.2/IComposerClient.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.3/IComposerClient.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h"
+#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/types.h"
 
 namespace android::h2a {
 
@@ -129,15 +155,6 @@
               static_cast<int>(::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::
                                        DisplayRequest::WRITE_CLIENT_TARGET_TO_OUTPUT));
 
-static_assert(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HandleIndex::EMPTY ==
-              static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HandleIndex>(
-                      ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::HandleIndex::
-                              EMPTY));
-static_assert(aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HandleIndex::CACHED ==
-              static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::HandleIndex>(
-                      ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::HandleIndex::
-                              CACHED));
-
 static_assert(
         aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PowerMode::OFF ==
         static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PowerMode>(
@@ -327,131 +344,11 @@
         static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ContentType>(
                 ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::ContentType::GAME));
 
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* out) {
-    out->newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos = static_cast<int64_t>(in.newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos);
-    out->refreshRequired = static_cast<bool>(in.refreshRequired);
-    out->refreshTimeNanos = static_cast<int64_t>(in.refreshTimeNanos);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::Rect& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Rect* out) {
-    out->left = static_cast<int32_t>(in.left);
-    out->top = static_cast<int32_t>(in.top);
-    out->right = static_cast<int32_t>(in.right);
-    out->bottom = static_cast<int32_t>(in.bottom);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::FRect& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::FRect* out) {
-    out->left = static_cast<float>(in.left);
-    out->top = static_cast<float>(in.top);
-    out->right = static_cast<float>(in.right);
-    out->bottom = static_cast<float>(in.bottom);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::Color& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Color* out) {
-    // FIXME This requires conversion between signed and unsigned. Change this if it doesn't suit
-    // your needs.
-    if (in.r > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max() || in.r < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    out->r = static_cast<int8_t>(in.r);
-    // FIXME This requires conversion between signed and unsigned. Change this if it doesn't suit
-    // your needs.
-    if (in.g > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max() || in.g < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    out->g = static_cast<int8_t>(in.g);
-    // FIXME This requires conversion between signed and unsigned. Change this if it doesn't suit
-    // your needs.
-    if (in.b > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max() || in.b < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    out->b = static_cast<int8_t>(in.b);
-    // FIXME This requires conversion between signed and unsigned. Change this if it doesn't suit
-    // your needs.
-    if (in.a > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max() || in.a < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    out->a = static_cast<int8_t>(in.a);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadata* out) {
-    out->key =
-            static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataKey>(in.key);
-    out->value = static_cast<float>(in.value);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_2::IComposerClient::FloatColor& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::FloatColor* out) {
-    out->r = static_cast<float>(in.r);
-    out->g = static_cast<float>(in.g);
-    out->b = static_cast<float>(in.b);
-    out->a = static_cast<float>(in.a);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob&
-                in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataBlob* out) {
-    out->key =
-            static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataKey>(in.key);
-    {
-        size_t size = in.blob.size();
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-            // FIXME This requires conversion between signed and unsigned. Change this if it doesn't
-            // suit your needs.
-            if (in.blob[i] > std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max() || in.blob[i] < 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            out->blob.push_back(static_cast<int8_t>(in.blob[i]));
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::
-                VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints* out) {
-    out->desiredTimeNanos = static_cast<int64_t>(in.desiredTimeNanos);
-    out->seamlessRequired = static_cast<bool>(in.seamlessRequired);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty&
-                in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ClientTargetProperty* out) {
-    out->pixelFormat =
-            static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat>(in.pixelFormat);
-    out->dataspace =
-            static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace>(in.dataspace);
-    return true;
-}
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::
-                LayerGenericMetadataKey& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::LayerGenericMetadataKey* out) {
-    out->name = in.name;
-    out->mandatory = static_cast<bool>(in.mandatory);
-    return true;
-}
+static_assert(
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PresentOrValidate::Result::Presented ==
+        static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PresentOrValidate::Result>(1));
+static_assert(
+        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PresentOrValidate::Result::Validated ==
+        static_cast<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PresentOrValidate::Result>(0));
 
 }  // namespace android::h2a
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
index 28bdb2c..ab7f397 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.aidl
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.FormatColorComponent;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.HdrCapabilities;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.IComposerCallback;
-import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.LayerGenericMetadataKey;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PerFrameMetadataKey;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.PowerMode;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ReadbackBufferAttributes;
@@ -369,20 +368,6 @@
     HdrCapabilities getHdrCapabilities(long display);
 
     /**
-     * Retrieves the set of keys that may be passed into setLayerGenericMetadata
-     *
-     * Key names must meet the following requirements:
-     * - Must be specified in reverse domain name notation
-     * - Must not start with 'com.android' or 'android'
-     * - Must be unique within the returned vector
-     * - Must correspond to a matching HIDL struct type, which defines the
-     *   structure of its values. For example, the key 'com.example.V1-3.Foo'
-     *   should correspond to a value of type com.example@1.3::Foo, which is
-     *   defined in a vendor HAL extension
-     */
-    LayerGenericMetadataKey[] getLayerGenericMetadataKeys();
-
-    /**
      * Returns the maximum number of virtual displays supported by this device
      * (which may be 0). The client must not attempt to create more than this
      * many virtual displays on this device. This number must not change for
@@ -479,7 +464,7 @@
      *   getReadbackBufferAttributes
      *   setReadbackBuffer
      */
-    ParcelFileDescriptor getReadbackBufferFence(long display);
+    @nullable ParcelFileDescriptor getReadbackBufferFence(long display);
 
     /**
      * Returns the render intents supported by the specified display and color
@@ -702,13 +687,15 @@
      * This buffer must have been allocated as described in
      * getReadbackBufferAttributes and is in the dataspace provided by the same.
      *
+     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to a release sync fence
+     * object, which must be signaled when it is safe to write to the readback
+     * buffer. If it is already safe to write to the readback buffer, null may be passed instead.
+     *
      * If there is hardware protected content on the display at the time of the next
      * composition, the area of the readback buffer covered by such content must be
      * completely black. Any areas of the buffer not covered by such content may
      * optionally be black as well.
      *
-     * The release fence file descriptor provided works identically to the one
-     * described for setOutputBuffer.
      *
      * This function must not be called between any call to validateDisplay and a
      * subsequent call to presentDisplay.
@@ -716,7 +703,8 @@
      * Parameters:
      * @param display - the display on which to create the layer.
      * @param buffer - the new readback buffer
-     * @param releaseFence - a sync fence file descriptor as described in setOutputBuffer
+     * @param releaseFence - a sync fence file descriptor as described above or null if it is
+     *                       already safe to write to the readback buffer.
      *
      * @exception EX_BAD_DISPLAY - an invalid display handle was passed in
      * @exception EX_BAD_PARAMETER - the new readback buffer handle was invalid
@@ -726,7 +714,7 @@
      *   getReadbackBufferFence
      */
     void setReadbackBuffer(long display, in android.hardware.common.NativeHandle buffer,
-            in ParcelFileDescriptor releaseFence);
+            in @nullable ParcelFileDescriptor releaseFence);
 
     /**
      * Enables or disables the vsync signal for the given display. Virtual
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl
index 761da9a..44fd4dc 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerCommand.aidl
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.Buffer;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.Color;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.FloatColor;
-import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.GenericMetadata;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ParcelableBlendMode;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ParcelableComposition;
 import android.hardware.graphics.composer3.ParcelableDataspace;
@@ -247,33 +246,6 @@
     @nullable WhitePointNits whitePointNits;
 
     /**
-     * Sets a piece of generic metadata for the given layer. If this
-     * function is called twice with the same key but different values, the
-     * newer value must override the older one. Calling this function with a
-     * 0-length value must reset that key's metadata as if it had not been
-     * set.
-     *
-     * A given piece of metadata may either be mandatory or a hint
-     * (non-mandatory) as indicated by the second parameter. Mandatory
-     * metadata may affect the composition result, which is to say that it
-     * may cause a visible change in the final image. By contrast, hints may
-     * only affect the composition strategy, such as which layers are
-     * composited by the client, but must not cause a visible change in the
-     * final image. The value of the mandatory flag shall match the value
-     * returned from getLayerGenericMetadataKeys for the given key.
-     *
-     * Only keys which have been returned from getLayerGenericMetadataKeys()
-     * shall be accepted. Any other keys must result in an UNSUPPORTED error.
-     *
-     * The value passed into this function shall be the binary
-     * representation of a stable AIDL type corresponding to the given key. For
-     * example, a key of 'com.example.Foo-V2' shall be paired with a
-     * value of type com.exampleFoo-V2, which would be defined in a
-     * vendor HAL extension.
-     */
-    @nullable GenericMetadata genericMetadata;
-
-    /**
      * Sets the PerFrameMetadata for the display. This metadata must be used
      * by the implementation to better tone map content to that display.
      *
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
deleted file mode 100644
index 17704b8..0000000
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
-
-@VintfStability
-parcelable LayerGenericMetadataKey {
-    /**
-     * Key names must comply with the requirements specified for
-     * getLayerGenericMetadataKeys below
-     */
-    String name;
-    /**
-     * The mandatory flag is defined in the description of
-     * setLayerGenericMetadata above
-     */
-    boolean mandatory;
-}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl
index f3153bd..5ae8940 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PresentOrValidate.aidl
@@ -27,6 +27,6 @@
     /**
      * Whether PresentOrValidate presented or validated the display.
      */
-    @VintfStability enum Result { Presented, Validated }
+    @VintfStability enum Result { Validated, Presented }
     Result result;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
index 34dea9e..0ece1d5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <aidl/Gtest.h>
 #include <aidl/Vintf.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <composer-vts/include/ReadbackVts.h>
 #include <composer-vts/include/RenderEngineVts.h>
@@ -103,13 +104,8 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::OFF));
         const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty());
 
-        std::vector<int64_t> layers;
-        std::vector<Composition> types;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &layers, &types);
-
-        ASSERT_TRUE(layers.empty());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(types.empty());
         if (mComposerCallback != nullptr) {
             EXPECT_EQ(0, mComposerCallback->getInvalidHotplugCount());
             EXPECT_EQ(0, mComposerCallback->getInvalidRefreshCount());
@@ -118,12 +114,14 @@
     }
 
     ::android::sp<::android::GraphicBuffer> allocate() {
+        const auto width = static_cast<uint32_t>(mDisplayWidth);
+        const auto height = static_cast<uint32_t>(mDisplayHeight);
+        const auto usage = static_cast<uint32_t>(common::BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN) |
+                           static_cast<uint32_t>(common::BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
+
         return ::android::sp<::android::GraphicBuffer>::make(
-                mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, ::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
-                /*layerCount*/ 1,
-                static_cast<uint64_t>(static_cast<int>(common::BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN) |
-                                      static_cast<int>(common::BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN)),
-                "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest");
+                width, height, ::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
+                /*layerCount*/ 1u, usage, "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest");
     }
 
     void writeLayers(const std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>>& layers) {
@@ -141,10 +139,10 @@
         }
 
         std::vector<CommandResultPayload> results;
-        const auto status = mComposerClient->executeCommands(commands, &results);
+        auto status = mComposerClient->executeCommands(commands, &results);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "executeCommands failed " << status.getDescription();
 
-        mReader.parse(results);
+        mReader.parse(std::move(results));
         mWriter.reset();
     }
 
@@ -258,15 +256,11 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
         // if hwc cannot handle and asks for composition change,
         // just succeed the test
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -317,14 +311,10 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
 
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -377,14 +367,10 @@
                                       mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
 
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -433,7 +419,8 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle bufferHandle = ::android::dupToAidl(nullptr);
+    aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle bufferHandle =
+            ::android::dupToAidl(mGraphicBuffer->handle);
     ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor releaseFence = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(-1);
     const auto error =
             mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, bufferHandle, releaseFence);
@@ -492,17 +479,13 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
 
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(1, changedCompositionLayers.size());
+        auto changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        if (!changedCompositionTypes.empty()) {
             ASSERT_EQ(1, changedCompositionTypes.size());
-            ASSERT_EQ(Composition::CLIENT, changedCompositionTypes[0]);
+            ASSERT_EQ(Composition::CLIENT, changedCompositionTypes[0].composition);
 
             PixelFormat clientFormat = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
             auto clientUsage = static_cast<uint32_t>(
@@ -537,9 +520,8 @@
             mWriter.setClientTarget(mPrimaryDisplay, 0, mGraphicBuffer->handle, fenceHandle.get(),
                                     clientDataspace, std::vector<common::Rect>(1, damage));
             execute();
-            mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                                &changedCompositionTypes);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionLayers.empty());
+            changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionTypes.empty());
         }
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
@@ -606,18 +588,15 @@
         clientLayer->setDisplayFrame(clientFrame);
         clientLayer->setZOrder(0);
         clientLayer->write(mWriter);
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
 
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
+        auto changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay);
         if (changedCompositionTypes.size() != 1) {
             continue;
         }
         // create client target buffer
-        ASSERT_EQ(Composition::CLIENT, changedCompositionTypes[0]);
+        ASSERT_EQ(Composition::CLIENT, changedCompositionTypes[0].composition);
         mGraphicBuffer->reallocate(static_cast<uint32_t>(mDisplayWidth),
                                    static_cast<uint32_t>(mDisplayHeight),
                                    static_cast<int32_t>(common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888),
@@ -642,9 +621,8 @@
         mWriter.setClientTarget(mPrimaryDisplay, 0, mGraphicBuffer->handle, fenceHandle.get(),
                                 clientDataspace, std::vector<common::Rect>(1, clientFrame));
         execute();
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        ASSERT_EQ(0, changedCompositionLayers.size());
+        changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionTypes.empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
         mWriter.presentDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
@@ -685,13 +663,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -715,13 +689,10 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionLayers.empty());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionTypes.empty());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty());
         mWriter.presentDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
         execute();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -756,13 +727,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -819,13 +786,9 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -877,13 +840,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -902,12 +861,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionLayers.empty());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionTypes.empty());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter.presentDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
         execute();
@@ -1027,13 +983,9 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -1072,13 +1024,9 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -1112,13 +1060,9 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -1195,13 +1139,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -1241,13 +1181,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedCompositionLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> changedCompositionTypes;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &changedCompositionLayers,
-                                            &changedCompositionTypes);
-        if (!changedCompositionLayers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
@@ -1287,12 +1223,9 @@
 
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> layers;
-        std::vector<Composition> types;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &layers, &types);
-        if (!layers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
             return;
         }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
index 1f30475..4dbe191 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -840,28 +841,6 @@
     Test_setContentType(ContentType::GAME, "GAME");
 }
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, getLayerGenericMetadataKeys) {
-    std::vector<LayerGenericMetadataKey> keys;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->getLayerGenericMetadataKeys(&keys).isOk());
-
-    std::regex reverseDomainName("^[a-zA-Z-]{2,}(\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)+$");
-    std::unordered_set<std::string> uniqueNames;
-    for (const auto& key : keys) {
-        std::string name(key.name);
-
-        // Keys must not start with 'android' or 'com.android'
-        EXPECT_FALSE(name.find("android") == 0);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(name.find("com.android") == 0);
-
-        // Keys must be in reverse domain name format
-        EXPECT_TRUE(std::regex_match(name, reverseDomainName));
-
-        // Keys must be unique within this list
-        const auto& [iter, inserted] = uniqueNames.insert(name);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(inserted);
-    }
-}
-
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, CreateVirtualDisplay) {
     int32_t maxVirtualDisplayCount;
     EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&maxVirtualDisplayCount).isOk());
@@ -993,14 +972,14 @@
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetPowerModeUnsupported) {
     std::vector<DisplayCapability> capabilities;
-    const auto error = mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(mPrimaryDisplay, &capabilities);
+    auto error = mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(mPrimaryDisplay, &capabilities);
     ASSERT_TRUE(error.isOk());
     const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
                                            DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
     const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
                                               DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
     if (!isDozeSupported) {
-        auto error = mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::DOZE);
+        error = mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::DOZE);
         EXPECT_FALSE(error.isOk());
         EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED, error.getServiceSpecificError());
 
@@ -1010,7 +989,7 @@
     }
 
     if (!isSuspendSupported) {
-        auto error = mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
+        error = mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
         EXPECT_FALSE(error.isOk());
         EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED, error.getServiceSpecificError());
 
@@ -1163,13 +1142,7 @@
     void TearDown() override {
         const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-
-        std::vector<int64_t> layers;
-        std::vector<Composition> types;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &layers, &types);
-
-        ASSERT_TRUE(layers.empty());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(types.empty());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty());
 
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerAidlTest::TearDown());
     }
@@ -1185,7 +1158,7 @@
         const auto status = mComposerClient->executeCommands(commands, &results);
         ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "executeCommands failed " << status.getDescription();
 
-        mReader.parse(results);
+        mReader.parse(std::move(results));
         mWriter.reset();
     }
 
@@ -1283,7 +1256,7 @@
             mWriter.setLayerBuffer(display.get(), layer, 0, buffer->handle, -1);
             mWriter.setLayerDataspace(display.get(), layer, common::Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
 
-            mWriter.validateDisplay(display.get());
+            mWriter.validateDisplay(display.get(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
             execute();
             ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
@@ -1299,7 +1272,7 @@
             mWriter.setLayerBuffer(display.get(), layer, 0, buffer->handle, -1);
             mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(display.get(), layer,
                                           std::vector<Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
-            mWriter.validateDisplay(display.get());
+            mWriter.validateDisplay(display.get(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
             execute();
             ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
@@ -1310,6 +1283,55 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroyLayer(display, layer));
     }
 
+    sp<::android::Fence> presentAndGetFence(
+            std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> expectedPresentTime) {
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, expectedPresentTime);
+        execute();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+
+        mWriter.presentDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        execute();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+
+        auto presentFence = mReader.takePresentFence(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        // take ownership
+        const int fenceOwner = presentFence.get();
+        *presentFence.getR() = -1;
+        EXPECT_NE(-1, fenceOwner);
+        return sp<::android::Fence>::make(fenceOwner);
+    }
+
+    int32_t getVsyncPeriod() {
+        int32_t activeConfig;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay, &activeConfig).isOk());
+
+        int32_t vsyncPeriod;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient
+                            ->getDisplayAttribute(mPrimaryDisplay, activeConfig,
+                                                  DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD, &vsyncPeriod)
+                            .isOk());
+        return vsyncPeriod;
+    }
+
+    int64_t createOnScreenLayer() {
+        const int64_t layer = createLayer(mDisplays[0]);
+        mWriter.setLayerCompositionType(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, Composition::DEVICE);
+        mWriter.setLayerDisplayFrame(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
+        mWriter.setLayerPlaneAlpha(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, 1);
+        mWriter.setLayerSourceCrop(
+                mPrimaryDisplay, layer,
+                {0, 0, static_cast<float>(mDisplayWidth), static_cast<float>(mDisplayHeight)});
+        mWriter.setLayerTransform(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, static_cast<Transform>(0));
+        mWriter.setLayerVisibleRegion(mPrimaryDisplay, layer,
+                                      std::vector<Rect>(1, {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}));
+        mWriter.setLayerZOrder(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, 10);
+        mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, BlendMode::NONE);
+        mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mPrimaryDisplay, layer,
+                                      std::vector<Rect>(1, {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}));
+        mWriter.setLayerDataspace(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, common::Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
+        return layer;
+    }
+
     void Test_setActiveConfigWithConstraints(const TestParameters& params) {
         for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
             forEachTwoConfigs(display.get(), [&](int32_t config1, int32_t config2) {
@@ -1400,6 +1422,47 @@
         }
     }
 
+    void Test_expectedPresentTime(std::optional<int> framesDelay) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+
+        const auto vsyncPeriod = getVsyncPeriod();
+
+        const auto buffer1 = allocate();
+        const auto buffer2 = allocate();
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
+
+        const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer();
+        mWriter.setLayerBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, 0, buffer1->handle, -1);
+        const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence1 =
+                presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
+        presentFence1->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+
+        auto expectedPresentTime = presentFence1->getSignalTime() + vsyncPeriod;
+        if (framesDelay.has_value()) {
+            expectedPresentTime += *framesDelay * vsyncPeriod;
+        }
+
+        mWriter.setLayerBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, 0, buffer2->handle, -1);
+        const auto setExpectedPresentTime = [&]() -> std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> {
+            if (!framesDelay.has_value()) {
+                return ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp;
+            } else if (*framesDelay == 0) {
+                return ClockMonotonicTimestamp{0};
+            }
+            return ClockMonotonicTimestamp{expectedPresentTime};
+        }();
+
+        const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence2 = presentAndGetFence(setExpectedPresentTime);
+        presentFence2->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+
+        const auto actualPresentTime = presentFence2->getSignalTime();
+        const auto presentError = std::abs(expectedPresentTime - actualPresentTime);
+        EXPECT_LE(presentError, vsyncPeriod / 2);
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
+    }
+
     // clang-format off
     const std::array<float, 16> kIdentity = {{
             1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
@@ -1414,7 +1477,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM) {
-    mWriter.setColorTransform(mPrimaryDisplay, kIdentity.data(), ColorTransform::IDENTITY);
+    mWriter.setColorTransform(mPrimaryDisplay, kIdentity.data());
     execute();
 }
 
@@ -1462,19 +1525,19 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, VALIDATE_DISPLAY) {
-    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES) {
-    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
     mWriter.acceptDisplayChanges(mPrimaryDisplay);
     execute();
 }
 
 // TODO(b/208441745) fix the test failure
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, PRESENT_DISPLAY) {
-    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
     mWriter.presentDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     execute();
 }
@@ -1523,12 +1586,9 @@
         mWriter.setLayerBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, 0, handle, -1);
         mWriter.setLayerDataspace(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
 
-        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+        mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
         execute();
-        std::vector<int64_t> layers;
-        std::vector<Composition> types;
-        mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &layers, &types);
-        if (!layers.empty()) {
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Composition change requested, skipping test";
             return;
         }
@@ -1570,13 +1630,11 @@
     mWriter.setLayerBlendMode(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, BlendMode::NONE);
     mWriter.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, displayFrame));
     mWriter.setLayerDataspace(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
-    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
 
     execute();
-    std::vector<int64_t> layers;
-    std::vector<Composition> types;
-    mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay, &layers, &types);
-    if (!layers.empty()) {
+
+    if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(mPrimaryDisplay).empty()) {
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Composition change requested, skipping test";
         return;
     }
@@ -1587,7 +1645,7 @@
     execute();
 
     mWriter.setLayerCursorPosition(mPrimaryDisplay, layer, 0, 0);
-    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
+    mWriter.validateDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
     mWriter.presentDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     execute();
 }
@@ -1947,6 +2005,18 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, expectedPresentTime_NoTimestamp) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Test_expectedPresentTime(std::nullopt));
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, expectedPresentTime_0) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Test_expectedPresentTime(0));
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, expectedPresentTime_5) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Test_expectedPresentTime(5));
+}
+
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest,
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/composer-vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/composer-vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
index 4de2d71..5eb912b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/composer-vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/vts/functional/composer-vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
@@ -242,13 +242,13 @@
 
     int outBytesPerPixel;
     int outBytesPerStride;
-    auto status = mGraphicBuffer->lockAsync(mUsage, mAccessRegion, nullptr, fenceHandle.get(),
+    void* bufData = nullptr;
+    auto status = mGraphicBuffer->lockAsync(mUsage, mAccessRegion, &bufData, fenceHandle.get(),
                                             &outBytesPerPixel, &outBytesPerStride);
     EXPECT_EQ(::android::OK, status);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mPixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGB_888 || mPixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
-    ReadbackHelper::compareColorBuffers(expectedColors, mGraphicBuffer.get(),
-                                        static_cast<int32_t>(mStride), mWidth, mHeight,
-                                        mPixelFormat);
+    ReadbackHelper::compareColorBuffers(expectedColors, bufData, static_cast<int32_t>(mStride),
+                                        mWidth, mHeight, mPixelFormat);
     status = mGraphicBuffer->unlock();
     EXPECT_EQ(::android::OK, status);
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h
index 1dc9145..f9e35e9 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h
@@ -26,40 +26,16 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BlendMode.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetProperty.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Color.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/FloatColor.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadata.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadataBlob.h>
-
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/CommandResultPayload.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCommand.h>
 
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/ColorTransform.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/FRect.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Rect.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Transform.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
 
-#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
 
-using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BlendMode;
-using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::ColorTransform;
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace;
-using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::FRect;
-using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Rect;
-using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Transform;
-
-using namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3;
-
-using aidl::android::hardware::common::NativeHandle;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3 {
 
@@ -69,35 +45,37 @@
 
     // Parse and execute commands from the command queue.  The commands are
     // actually return values from the server and will be saved in ReturnData.
-    void parse(const std::vector<CommandResultPayload>& results) {
+    void parse(std::vector<CommandResultPayload>&& results) {
         resetData();
 
-        for (const auto& result : results) {
+        for (auto& result : results) {
             switch (result.getTag()) {
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::error:
-                    parseSetError(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::error>());
+                    parseSetError(std::move(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::error>()));
                     break;
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::changedCompositionTypes:
-                    parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(
-                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::changedCompositionTypes>());
+                    parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(std::move(
+                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::changedCompositionTypes>()));
                     break;
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::displayRequest:
                     parseSetDisplayRequests(
-                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::displayRequest>());
+                            std::move(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::displayRequest>()));
                     break;
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::presentFence:
-                    parseSetPresentFence(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::presentFence>());
+                    parseSetPresentFence(
+                            std::move(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::presentFence>()));
                     break;
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::releaseFences:
-                    parseSetReleaseFences(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::releaseFences>());
+                    parseSetReleaseFences(
+                            std::move(result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::releaseFences>()));
                     break;
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::presentOrValidateResult:
-                    parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(
-                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::presentOrValidateResult>());
+                    parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(std::move(
+                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::presentOrValidateResult>()));
                     break;
                 case CommandResultPayload::Tag::clientTargetProperty:
-                    parseSetClientTargetProperty(
-                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::clientTargetProperty>());
+                    parseSetClientTargetProperty(std::move(
+                            result.get<CommandResultPayload::Tag::clientTargetProperty>()));
                     break;
             }
         }
@@ -105,211 +83,140 @@
 
     std::vector<CommandError> takeErrors() { return std::move(mErrors); }
 
-    bool hasChanges(int64_t display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
+    void hasChanges(int64_t display, uint32_t* outNumChangedCompositionTypes,
                     uint32_t* outNumLayerRequestMasks) const {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
             *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = 0;
             *outNumLayerRequestMasks = 0;
-            return false;
+            return;
         }
 
         const ReturnData& data = found->second;
 
-        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.compositionTypes.size());
-        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.requestMasks.size());
-
-        return !(data.compositionTypes.empty() && data.requestMasks.empty());
+        *outNumChangedCompositionTypes = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.changedLayers.size());
+        *outNumLayerRequestMasks = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.displayRequests.layerRequests.size());
     }
 
     // Get and clear saved changed composition types.
-    void takeChangedCompositionTypes(int64_t display, std::vector<int64_t>* outLayers,
-                                     std::vector<Composition>* outTypes) {
+    std::vector<ChangedCompositionLayer> takeChangedCompositionTypes(int64_t display) {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-            outLayers->clear();
-            outTypes->clear();
-            return;
+            return {};
         }
 
         ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-        *outLayers = std::move(data.changedLayers);
-        *outTypes = std::move(data.compositionTypes);
+        return std::move(data.changedLayers);
     }
 
     // Get and clear saved display requests.
-    void takeDisplayRequests(int64_t display, uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask,
-                             std::vector<int64_t>* outLayers,
-                             std::vector<uint32_t>* outLayerRequestMasks) {
+    DisplayRequest takeDisplayRequests(int64_t display) {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-            *outDisplayRequestMask = 0;
-            outLayers->clear();
-            outLayerRequestMasks->clear();
-            return;
+            return {};
         }
 
         ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-        *outDisplayRequestMask = data.displayRequests;
-        *outLayers = std::move(data.requestedLayers);
-        *outLayerRequestMasks = std::move(data.requestMasks);
+        return std::move(data.displayRequests);
     }
 
     // Get and clear saved release fences.
-    void takeReleaseFences(int64_t display, std::vector<int64_t>* outLayers,
-                           std::vector<int>* outReleaseFences) {
+    std::vector<ReleaseFences::Layer> takeReleaseFences(int64_t display) {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-            outLayers->clear();
-            outReleaseFences->clear();
-            return;
+            return {};
         }
 
         ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-        *outLayers = std::move(data.releasedLayers);
-        *outReleaseFences = std::move(data.releaseFences);
+        return std::move(data.releasedLayers);
     }
 
     // Get and clear saved present fence.
-    void takePresentFence(int64_t display, int* outPresentFence) {
+    ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor takePresentFence(int64_t display) {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-            *outPresentFence = -1;
-            return;
+            return {};
         }
 
         ReturnData& data = found->second;
-
-        *outPresentFence = data.presentFence;
-        data.presentFence = -1;
+        return std::move(data.presentFence);
     }
 
     // Get what stage succeeded during PresentOrValidate: Present or Validate
-    void takePresentOrValidateStage(int64_t display, uint32_t* state) {
+    std::optional<PresentOrValidate::Result> takePresentOrValidateStage(int64_t display) {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-            *state = static_cast<uint32_t>(-1);
-            return;
+            return std::nullopt;
         }
         ReturnData& data = found->second;
-        *state = data.presentOrValidateState;
+        return data.presentOrValidateState;
     }
 
     // Get the client target properties requested by hardware composer.
-    void takeClientTargetProperty(int64_t display, ClientTargetProperty* outClientTargetProperty,
-                                  float* outWhitePointNits) {
+    ClientTargetPropertyWithNits takeClientTargetProperty(int64_t display) {
         auto found = mReturnData.find(display);
 
         // If not found, return the default values.
         if (found == mReturnData.end()) {
-            outClientTargetProperty->pixelFormat = common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-            outClientTargetProperty->dataspace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
-            *outWhitePointNits = -1.f;
-            return;
+            return ClientTargetPropertyWithNits{
+                    .clientTargetProperty = {common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, Dataspace::UNKNOWN},
+                    .whitePointNits = -1.f,
+            };
         }
 
         ReturnData& data = found->second;
-        *outClientTargetProperty = data.clientTargetProperty;
-        *outWhitePointNits = data.clientTargetWhitePointNits;
+        return std::move(data.clientTargetProperty);
     }
 
   private:
     void resetData() {
         mErrors.clear();
-
-        for (auto& data : mReturnData) {
-            if (data.second.presentFence >= 0) {
-                close(data.second.presentFence);
-            }
-            for (auto fence : data.second.releaseFences) {
-                if (fence >= 0) {
-                    close(fence);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         mReturnData.clear();
     }
 
-    void parseSetError(const CommandError& error) { mErrors.emplace_back(error); }
+    void parseSetError(CommandError&& error) { mErrors.emplace_back(error); }
 
-    void parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(const ChangedCompositionTypes& changedCompositionTypes) {
+    void parseSetChangedCompositionTypes(ChangedCompositionTypes&& changedCompositionTypes) {
         auto& data = mReturnData[changedCompositionTypes.display];
-
-        data.changedLayers.reserve(changedCompositionTypes.layers.size());
-        data.compositionTypes.reserve(changedCompositionTypes.layers.size());
-        for (const auto& layer : changedCompositionTypes.layers) {
-            data.changedLayers.push_back(layer.layer);
-            data.compositionTypes.push_back(layer.composition);
-        }
+        data.changedLayers = std::move(changedCompositionTypes.layers);
     }
 
-    void parseSetDisplayRequests(const DisplayRequest& displayRequest) {
+    void parseSetDisplayRequests(DisplayRequest&& displayRequest) {
         auto& data = mReturnData[displayRequest.display];
-
-        data.displayRequests = displayRequest.mask;
-        data.requestedLayers.reserve(displayRequest.layerRequests.size());
-        data.requestMasks.reserve(displayRequest.layerRequests.size());
-        for (const auto& layerRequest : displayRequest.layerRequests) {
-            data.requestedLayers.push_back(layerRequest.layer);
-            data.requestMasks.push_back(layerRequest.mask);
-        }
+        data.displayRequests = std::move(displayRequest);
     }
 
-    void parseSetPresentFence(const PresentFence& presentFence) {
+    void parseSetPresentFence(PresentFence&& presentFence) {
         auto& data = mReturnData[presentFence.display];
-        if (data.presentFence >= 0) {
-            close(data.presentFence);
-        }
-        data.presentFence = dup(presentFence.fence.get());
+        data.presentFence = std::move(presentFence.fence);
     }
 
-    void parseSetReleaseFences(const ReleaseFences& releaseFences) {
+    void parseSetReleaseFences(ReleaseFences&& releaseFences) {
         auto& data = mReturnData[releaseFences.display];
-        data.releasedLayers.reserve(releaseFences.layers.size());
-        data.releaseFences.reserve(releaseFences.layers.size());
-        for (const auto& layer : releaseFences.layers) {
-            data.releasedLayers.push_back(layer.layer);
-            data.releaseFences.push_back(dup(layer.fence.get()));
-        }
+        data.releasedLayers = std::move(releaseFences.layers);
     }
 
-    void parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(const PresentOrValidate& presentOrValidate) {
+    void parseSetPresentOrValidateDisplayResult(const PresentOrValidate&& presentOrValidate) {
         auto& data = mReturnData[presentOrValidate.display];
-        data.presentOrValidateState =
-                presentOrValidate.result == PresentOrValidate::Result::Presented ? 1 : 0;
+        data.presentOrValidateState = std::move(presentOrValidate.result);
     }
 
-    void parseSetClientTargetProperty(const ClientTargetPropertyWithNits& clientTargetProperty) {
+    void parseSetClientTargetProperty(const ClientTargetPropertyWithNits&& clientTargetProperty) {
         auto& data = mReturnData[clientTargetProperty.display];
-        data.clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat =
-                clientTargetProperty.clientTargetProperty.pixelFormat;
-        data.clientTargetProperty.dataspace = clientTargetProperty.clientTargetProperty.dataspace;
-        data.clientTargetWhitePointNits = clientTargetProperty.whitePointNits;
+        data.clientTargetProperty = std::move(clientTargetProperty);
     }
 
     struct ReturnData {
-        int32_t displayRequests = 0;
+        DisplayRequest displayRequests;
+        std::vector<ChangedCompositionLayer> changedLayers;
+        ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor presentFence;
+        std::vector<ReleaseFences::Layer> releasedLayers;
+        PresentOrValidate::Result presentOrValidateState;
 
-        std::vector<int64_t> changedLayers;
-        std::vector<Composition> compositionTypes;
-
-        std::vector<int64_t> requestedLayers;
-        std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
-
-        int presentFence = -1;
-
-        std::vector<int64_t> releasedLayers;
-        std::vector<int> releaseFences;
-
-        uint32_t presentOrValidateState;
-
-        ClientTargetProperty clientTargetProperty{common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
-                                                  Dataspace::UNKNOWN};
-        float clientTargetWhitePointNits = -1.f;
+        ClientTargetPropertyWithNits clientTargetProperty = {
+                .clientTargetProperty = {common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, Dataspace::UNKNOWN},
+                .whitePointNits = -1.f,
+        };
     };
 
     std::vector<CommandError> mErrors;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h
index bd03673..16d63e5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h
@@ -30,9 +30,6 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Color.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/FloatColor.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposerClient.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadata.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadataBlob.h>
 
@@ -63,6 +60,8 @@
 
 class ComposerClientWriter {
   public:
+    static constexpr std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> kNoTimestamp = std::nullopt;
+
     ComposerClientWriter() { reset(); }
 
     virtual ~ComposerClientWriter() { reset(); }
@@ -73,11 +72,11 @@
         mCommands.clear();
     }
 
-    void setColorTransform(int64_t display, const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint) {
-        ColorTransformPayload colorTransformPayload;
-        colorTransformPayload.matrix.assign(matrix, matrix + 16);
-        colorTransformPayload.hint = hint;
-        getDisplayCommand(display).colorTransform.emplace(std::move(colorTransformPayload));
+    void setColorTransform(int64_t display, const float* matrix) {
+        std::vector<float> matVec;
+        matVec.reserve(16);
+        matVec.assign(matrix, matrix + 16);
+        getDisplayCommand(display).colorTransformMatrix.emplace(std::move(matVec));
     }
 
     void setClientTarget(int64_t display, uint32_t slot, const native_handle_t* target,
@@ -95,10 +94,18 @@
                 getBuffer(slot, buffer, releaseFence));
     }
 
-    void validateDisplay(int64_t display) { getDisplayCommand(display).validateDisplay = true; }
+    void validateDisplay(int64_t display,
+                         std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> expectedPresentTime) {
+        auto& command = getDisplayCommand(display);
+        command.expectedPresentTime = expectedPresentTime;
+        command.validateDisplay = true;
+    }
 
-    void presentOrvalidateDisplay(int64_t display) {
-        getDisplayCommand(display).presentOrValidateDisplay = true;
+    void presentOrvalidateDisplay(int64_t display,
+                                  std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> expectedPresentTime) {
+        auto& command = getDisplayCommand(display);
+        command.expectedPresentTime = expectedPresentTime;
+        command.presentOrValidateDisplay = true;
     }
 
     void acceptDisplayChanges(int64_t display) {
@@ -201,15 +208,6 @@
         getLayerCommand(display, layer).floatColor.emplace(color);
     }
 
-    void setLayerGenericMetadata(int64_t display, int64_t layer, const std::string& key,
-                                 const bool mandatory, const std::vector<uint8_t>& value) {
-        GenericMetadata metadata;
-        metadata.key.name = key;
-        metadata.key.mandatory = mandatory;
-        metadata.value.assign(value.begin(), value.end());
-        getLayerCommand(display, layer).genericMetadata.emplace(std::move(metadata));
-    }
-
     void setLayerWhitePointNits(int64_t display, int64_t layer, float whitePointNits) {
         getLayerCommand(display, layer)
                 .whitePointNits.emplace(WhitePointNits{.nits = whitePointNits});
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7004955..0000000
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/translate-ndk.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <limits>
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BlendMode.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/FRect.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Rect.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Capability.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetProperty.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Color.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ContentType.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayAttribute.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayCapability.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/DisplayConnectionType.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/FloatColor.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/FormatColorComponent.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/HandleIndex.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadata.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadataBlob.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PerFrameMetadataKey.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/PowerMode.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints.h"
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerCallback.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerClient.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.2/IComposerClient.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.3/IComposerClient.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/IComposerClient.h"
-#include "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.4/types.h"
-
-namespace android::h2a {
-
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::Rect& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Rect* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::FRect& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::FRect* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_1::IComposerClient::Color& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Color* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadata& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadata* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_2::IComposerClient::FloatColor& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::FloatColor* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_3::IComposerClient::PerFrameMetadataBlob&
-                in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::PerFrameMetadataBlob* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::
-                VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::ClientTargetProperty&
-                in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::ClientTargetProperty* out);
-__attribute__((warn_unused_result)) bool translate(
-        const ::android::hardware::graphics::composer::V2_4::IComposerClient::
-                LayerGenericMetadataKey& in,
-        aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::LayerGenericMetadataKey* out);
-
-}  // namespace android::h2a
diff --git a/health/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp b/health/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 434f565..d315c60 100644
--- a/health/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/health/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
         "libhealthtest_headers",
     ],
     test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
         "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 58945d3..5ff1457 100644
--- a/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -30,7 +30,10 @@
         ":inputconstants_aidl",
         "VtsHalInputClassifierV1_0TargetTest.cpp",
     ],
-    header_libs: ["jni_headers"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "jni_headers",
+        "libbinder_headers",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.input.classifier@1.0",
         "android.hardware.input.common@1.0",
diff --git a/ir/OWNERS b/ir/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04de9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 163905
+connoro@google.com
diff --git a/ir/aidl/Android.bp b/ir/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8741157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.ir",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/ir/*.aidl"],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    backend: {
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        java: {
+            sdk_version: "module_current",
+        },
+        ndk: {
+            separate_platform_variant: false,
+            vndk: {
+                // TODO(b/206116595) enable this
+                enabled: false,
+            },
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl b/ir/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.ir/current/android/hardware/ir/ConsumerIrFreqRange.aidl
similarity index 86%
copy from graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
copy to ir/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.ir/current/android/hardware/ir/ConsumerIrFreqRange.aidl
index 73385d4..4a0d286 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
+++ b/ir/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.ir/current/android/hardware/ir/ConsumerIrFreqRange.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@
 // with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
 // later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
 
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+package android.hardware.ir;
 @VintfStability
-parcelable LayerGenericMetadataKey {
-  String name;
-  boolean mandatory;
+parcelable ConsumerIrFreqRange {
+  int minHz;
+  int maxHz;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl b/ir/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.ir/current/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.aidl
similarity index 84%
copy from graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
copy to ir/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.ir/current/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.aidl
index 73385d4..056a8b1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.graphics.composer3/current/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/LayerGenericMetadataKey.aidl
+++ b/ir/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.ir/current/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.aidl
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) 2021, The Android Open Source Project
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@
 // with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
 // later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
 
-package android.hardware.graphics.composer3;
+package android.hardware.ir;
 @VintfStability
-parcelable LayerGenericMetadataKey {
-  String name;
-  boolean mandatory;
+interface IConsumerIr {
+  android.hardware.ir.ConsumerIrFreqRange[] getCarrierFreqs();
+  void transmit(in int carrierFreq, in int[] pattern);
 }
diff --git a/ir/aidl/android/hardware/ir/ConsumerIrFreqRange.aidl b/ir/aidl/android/hardware/ir/ConsumerIrFreqRange.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab0276a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/android/hardware/ir/ConsumerIrFreqRange.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.ir;
+
+@VintfStability
+parcelable ConsumerIrFreqRange {
+    int minHz;
+    int maxHz;
+}
diff --git a/ir/aidl/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.aidl b/ir/aidl/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d14fa56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.ir;
+
+import android.hardware.ir.ConsumerIrFreqRange;
+
+@VintfStability
+interface IConsumerIr {
+    /**
+     * Enumerates which frequencies the IR transmitter supports.
+     *
+     * Status OK (EX_NONE) on success.
+     *
+     * @return - an array of all supported frequency ranges.
+     */
+    ConsumerIrFreqRange[] getCarrierFreqs();
+
+    /**
+     * Sends an IR pattern at a given frequency in HZ.
+     *
+     * The pattern is alternating series of carrier on and off periods measured in
+     * microseconds. The carrier should be turned off at the end of a transmit
+     * even if there are and odd number of entries in the pattern array.
+     *
+     * This call must return when the transmit is complete or encounters an error.
+     *
+     * Status OK (EX_NONE) on success.
+     * EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION when the frequency is not supported.
+     */
+    void transmit(in int carrierFreq, in int[] pattern);
+}
diff --git a/ir/aidl/default/Android.bp b/ir/aidl/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6519664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Example binder service of the ir HAL.
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.ir-service.example",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.ir-service.example.rc"],
+    vendor: true,
+    vintf_fragments: ["android.hardware.ir-service.example.xml"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.ir-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["main.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/ir/aidl/default/android.hardware.ir-service.example.rc b/ir/aidl/default/android.hardware.ir-service.example.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56def64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/default/android.hardware.ir-service.example.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.ir-default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.ir-service.example
+    class hal
+    user nobody
+    group nobody
diff --git a/ir/aidl/default/android.hardware.ir-service.example.xml b/ir/aidl/default/android.hardware.ir-service.example.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a63520
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/default/android.hardware.ir-service.example.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.ir</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <fqname>IConsumerIr/default</fqname>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/ir/aidl/default/main.cpp b/ir/aidl/default/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..764aeaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/ir/BnConsumerIr.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <numeric>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::ir {
+
+const std::vector<ConsumerIrFreqRange> kSupportedFreqs = {
+        {2000, 4000},
+        {10000, 30000},
+};
+
+class ConsumerIr : public BnConsumerIr {
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getCarrierFreqs(std::vector<ConsumerIrFreqRange>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus transmit(int32_t in_carrierFreq,
+                                  const std::vector<int32_t>& in_pattern) override;
+};
+
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus ConsumerIr::getCarrierFreqs(std::vector<ConsumerIrFreqRange>* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = kSupportedFreqs;
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+bool isSupportedFreq(int32_t freq) {
+    for (const auto& range : kSupportedFreqs) {
+        if (freq >= range.minHz && freq <= range.maxHz) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus ConsumerIr::transmit(int32_t in_carrierFreq,
+                                          const std::vector<int32_t>& in_pattern) {
+    if (isSupportedFreq(in_carrierFreq)) {
+        // trasmit the pattern, each integer is number of microseconds in an
+        // alternating on/off state.
+        usleep(std::accumulate(in_pattern.begin(), in_pattern.end(), 0));
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    } else {
+        // unsupported operation
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    }
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::ir
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::ir::ConsumerIr;
+
+int main() {
+    auto binder = ::ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ConsumerIr>();
+    const std::string name = std::string() + ConsumerIr::descriptor + "/default";
+    CHECK_EQ(STATUS_OK, AServiceManager_addService(binder->asBinder().get(), name.c_str()))
+            << "Failed to register " << name;
+
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reached
+}
diff --git a/ir/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/ir/aidl/vts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2491b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalIrTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["VtsHalIrTargetTest.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.ir-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/ir/aidl/vts/VtsHalIrTargetTest.cpp b/ir/aidl/vts/VtsHalIrTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3527625
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ir/aidl/vts/VtsHalIrTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ir_aidl_hal_test"
+
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/ir/IConsumerIr.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::ir::ConsumerIrFreqRange;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::ir::IConsumerIr;
+using ::ndk::SpAIBinder;
+
+class ConsumerIrTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        mIr = IConsumerIr::fromBinder(
+                SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+        ASSERT_NE(mIr, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IConsumerIr> mIr;
+};
+
+// Test transmit() for the min and max frequency of every available range
+TEST_P(ConsumerIrTest, TransmitTest) {
+    std::vector<ConsumerIrFreqRange> ranges;
+    const auto& ret = mIr->getCarrierFreqs(&ranges);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+
+    if (ranges.size() > 0) {
+        uint32_t len = 16;
+        std::vector<int32_t> vec;
+        vec.resize(len);
+        std::fill(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 1000);
+        for (auto range = ranges.begin(); range != ranges.end(); range++) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mIr->transmit(range->minHz, vec).isOk());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mIr->transmit(range->maxHz, vec).isOk());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Test transmit() when called with invalid frequencies
+TEST_P(ConsumerIrTest, BadFreqTest) {
+    uint32_t len = 16;
+    std::vector<int32_t> vec;
+    vec.resize(len);
+    std::fill(vec.begin(), vec.end(), 1);
+    const auto& res = mIr->transmit(-1, vec);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(res.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(res.getExceptionCode(), EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(ConsumerIrTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, ConsumerIrTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IConsumerIr::descriptor)),
+        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
diff --git a/memtrack/OWNERS b/memtrack/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a182ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/memtrack/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 30545
+connoro@google.com
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/OWNERS b/radio/aidl/compat/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..471d806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
+twasilczyk@google.com
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/Android.bp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/Android.bp
index 5294de4..487d91b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/Android.bp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/Android.bp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
-        //"-Wold-style-cast",  // TODO(b/203699028) enable after aosp/1900880 gets merged
         "-DANDROID_UTILS_REF_BASE_DISABLE_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTION",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@
         "libutils",
     ],
     srcs: [
+        "CallbackManager.cpp",
         "DriverContext.cpp",
         "RadioCompatBase.cpp",
         "RadioIndication.cpp",
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2eaed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+
+namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
+
+/**
+ * How much setter thread will wait with setting response functions after the last
+ * setResponseFunctions call from the framework. Subsequent calls from the framework reset the
+ * clock, so this number should be larger than the longest time between setResponseFunctions calls
+ * from the framework.
+ *
+ * Real world measurements with Cuttlefish give <10ms delay between Modem and Data and <2ms delays
+ * between all others.
+ */
+static constexpr auto kDelayedSetterDelay = 100ms;
+
+CallbackManager::CallbackManager(std::shared_ptr<DriverContext> context, sp<V1_5::IRadio> hidlHal)
+    : mHidlHal(hidlHal),
+      mRadioResponse(sp<compat::RadioResponse>::make(context)),
+      mRadioIndication(sp<compat::RadioIndication>::make(context)),
+      mDelayedSetterThread(&CallbackManager::delayedSetterThread, this) {}
+
+CallbackManager::~CallbackManager() {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mDelayedSetterGuard);
+        mDelayedSetterDeadline = std::nullopt;
+        mDestroy = true;
+        mDelayedSetterCv.notify_all();
+    }
+    mDelayedSetterThread.join();
+}
+
+RadioResponse& CallbackManager::response() const {
+    return *mRadioResponse;
+}
+
+void CallbackManager::setResponseFunctionsDelayed() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mDelayedSetterGuard);
+    mDelayedSetterDeadline = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + kDelayedSetterDelay;
+    mDelayedSetterCv.notify_all();
+}
+
+void CallbackManager::delayedSetterThread() {
+    while (!mDestroy) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mDelayedSetterGuard);
+        auto deadline = mDelayedSetterDeadline;
+
+        // not waiting to set response functions
+        if (!deadline) {
+            mDelayedSetterCv.wait(lock);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // waiting to set response functions, but not yet
+        if (*deadline > std::chrono::steady_clock::now()) {
+            mDelayedSetterCv.wait_until(lock, *deadline);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        mHidlHal->setResponseFunctions(mRadioResponse, mRadioIndication).assertOk();
+        mDelayedSetterDeadline = std::nullopt;
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.cpp
index dba6c19..2a2d7a3 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.cpp
@@ -21,16 +21,10 @@
 namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
 
 RadioCompatBase::RadioCompatBase(std::shared_ptr<DriverContext> context, sp<V1_5::IRadio> hidlHal,
-                                 sp<RadioResponse> radioResponse, sp<RadioIndication> radioInd)
+                                 std::shared_ptr<CallbackManager> cbMgr)
     : mContext(context),
       mHal1_5(hidlHal),
       mHal1_6(V1_6::IRadio::castFrom(hidlHal)),
-      mRadioResponse(radioResponse),
-      mRadioIndication(radioInd) {}
-
-V1_6::IRadioResponse& RadioCompatBase::respond() {
-    CHECK(mRadioResponse) << "This shouldn't happen (response functions are passed in constructor)";
-    return *mRadioResponse;
-}
+      mCallbackManager(cbMgr) {}
 
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.cpp
index e1bd446..dbeb68a 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.cpp
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     // TODO(b/203699028): send to correct requestor or confirm if spam is not a problem
-    if (mDataCb) mDataCb->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
-    if (mMessagingCb) mMessagingCb->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
-    if (mModemCb) mModemCb->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
-    if (mNetworkCb) mNetworkCb->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
-    if (mSimCb) mSimCb->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
-    if (mVoiceCb) mVoiceCb->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
+    if (mDataCb) mDataCb.get()->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
+    if (mMessagingCb) mMessagingCb.get()->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
+    if (mModemCb) mModemCb.get()->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
+    if (mNetworkCb) mNetworkCb.get()->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
+    if (mSimCb) mSimCb.get()->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
+    if (mVoiceCb) mVoiceCb.get()->acknowledgeRequest(serial);
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.cpp
index c25768d..6e4c873 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.cpp
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
 
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio;
 
-V1_6::RadioResponseInfo notSupported(int32_t serial) {
+aidl::RadioResponseInfo notSupported(int32_t serial) {
     return {
-            .type = V1_0::RadioResponseType::SOLICITED,
+            .type = aidl::RadioResponseType::SOLICITED,
             .serial = serial,
-            .error = V1_6::RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+            .error = aidl::RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
     };
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.h
index b859916..a4a4869 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/commonStructs.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
 
-V1_6::RadioResponseInfo notSupported(int32_t serial);
+aidl::android::hardware::radio::RadioResponseInfo notSupported(int32_t serial);
 
 std::string toAidl(const hidl_string& str);
 hidl_string toHidl(const std::string& str);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfig.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfig.cpp
index d0d6f7a..5b22dbe 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfig.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfig.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioConfig.h>
 
-#include "RadioConfigIndication.h"
-#include "RadioConfigResponse.h"
 #include "commonStructs.h"
 #include "debug.h"
 #include "structs.h"
@@ -31,11 +29,13 @@
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
 RadioConfig::RadioConfig(sp<config::V1_1::IRadioConfig> hidlHal)
-    : mHal1_1(hidlHal), mHal1_3(config::V1_3::IRadioConfig::castFrom(hidlHal)) {}
+    : mHal1_1(hidlHal),
+      mHal1_3(config::V1_3::IRadioConfig::castFrom(hidlHal)),
+      mRadioConfigResponse(sp<RadioConfigResponse>::make()),
+      mRadioConfigIndication(sp<RadioConfigIndication>::make()) {}
 
-config::V1_3::IRadioConfigResponse& RadioConfig::respond() {
-    CHECK(mRadioConfigResponse) << "setResponseFunctions was not called yet";
-    return *mRadioConfigResponse;
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigResponse> RadioConfig::respond() {
+    return mRadioConfigResponse->respond();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioConfig::getHalDeviceCapabilities(int32_t serial) {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     if (mHal1_3) {
         mHal1_3->getHalDeviceCapabilities(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().getHalDeviceCapabilitiesResponse(notSupported(serial), false);
+        respond()->getHalDeviceCapabilitiesResponse(notSupported(serial), false);
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@
     CHECK(radioConfigResponse);
     CHECK(radioConfigIndication);
 
-    mRadioConfigResponse = sp<RadioConfigResponse>::make(radioConfigResponse);
-    mRadioConfigIndication = sp<RadioConfigIndication>::make(radioConfigIndication);
-    mHal1_1->setResponseFunctions(mRadioConfigResponse, mRadioConfigIndication);
+    mRadioConfigResponse->setResponseFunction(radioConfigResponse);
+    mRadioConfigIndication->setResponseFunction(radioConfigIndication);
+    mHal1_1->setResponseFunctions(mRadioConfigResponse, mRadioConfigIndication).assertOk();
 
     return ok();
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.cpp
index 0320ad7..c1e32c1 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "RadioConfigIndication.h"
+#include <libradiocompat/RadioConfigIndication.h>
 
 #include "commonStructs.h"
 #include "debug.h"
@@ -28,20 +28,26 @@
 
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::config;
 
-RadioConfigIndication::RadioConfigIndication(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigIndication> callback)
-    : mCallback(callback) {}
+void RadioConfigIndication::setResponseFunction(
+        std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigIndication> callback) {
+    mCallback = callback;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigIndication> RadioConfigIndication::indicate() {
+    return mCallback.get();
+}
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigIndication::simSlotsStatusChanged(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<config::V1_0::SimSlotStatus>& slotStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    mCallback->simSlotsStatusChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(slotStatus));
+    indicate()->simSlotsStatusChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(slotStatus));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigIndication::simSlotsStatusChanged_1_2(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<config::V1_2::SimSlotStatus>& slotStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    mCallback->simSlotsStatusChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(slotStatus));
+    indicate()->simSlotsStatusChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(slotStatus));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.cpp
index 7066ae4..523c504 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "RadioConfigResponse.h"
+#include <libradiocompat/RadioConfigResponse.h>
 
 #include "commonStructs.h"
 #include "debug.h"
@@ -28,14 +28,20 @@
 
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::config;
 
-RadioConfigResponse::RadioConfigResponse(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigResponse> callback)
-    : mCallback(callback) {}
+void RadioConfigResponse::setResponseFunction(
+        std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigResponse> callback) {
+    mCallback = callback;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioConfigResponse> RadioConfigResponse::respond() {
+    return mCallback.get();
+}
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::getSimSlotsStatusResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         const hidl_vec<config::V1_0::SimSlotStatus>& slotStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->getSimSlotsStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(slotStatus));
+    respond()->getSimSlotsStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(slotStatus));
     return {};
 };
 
@@ -43,47 +49,47 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         const hidl_vec<config::V1_2::SimSlotStatus>& slotStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->getSimSlotsStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(slotStatus));
+    respond()->getSimSlotsStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(slotStatus));
     return {};
 };
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::setSimSlotsMappingResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->setSimSlotsMappingResponse(toAidl(info));
+    respond()->setSimSlotsMappingResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 };
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::getPhoneCapabilityResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const config::V1_1::PhoneCapability& phoneCapability) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->getPhoneCapabilityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(phoneCapability));
+    respond()->getPhoneCapabilityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(phoneCapability));
     return {};
 };
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::setPreferredDataModemResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->setPreferredDataModemResponse(toAidl(info));
+    respond()->setPreferredDataModemResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 };
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::setModemsConfigResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->setNumOfLiveModemsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    respond()->setNumOfLiveModemsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 };
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::getModemsConfigResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const config::V1_1::ModemsConfig& modemsConfig) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->getNumOfLiveModemsResponse(toAidl(info), modemsConfig.numOfLiveModems);
+    respond()->getNumOfLiveModemsResponse(toAidl(info), modemsConfig.numOfLiveModems);
     return {};
 };
 
 Return<void> RadioConfigResponse::getHalDeviceCapabilitiesResponse(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info, bool modemReducedFeatureSet1) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    mCallback->getHalDeviceCapabilitiesResponse(toAidl(info), modemReducedFeatureSet1);
+    respond()->getHalDeviceCapabilitiesResponse(toAidl(info), modemReducedFeatureSet1);
     return {};
 };
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioData.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioData.cpp
index cc6f526..d2f3687 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioData.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioData.cpp
@@ -31,12 +31,16 @@
 namespace aidlCommon = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio;
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataResponse> RadioData::respond() {
+    return mCallbackManager->response().dataCb();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioData::allocatePduSessionId(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->allocatePduSessionId(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().allocatePduSessionIdResponse(notSupported(serial), 0);
+        respond()->allocatePduSessionIdResponse(notSupported(serial), 0);
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->cancelHandover(serial, callId);
     } else {
-        respond().cancelHandoverResponse(notSupported(serial));
+        respond()->cancelHandoverResponse(notSupported(serial));
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -60,7 +64,11 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioData::getDataCallList(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getDataCallList(serial);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->getDataCallList_1_6(serial);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->getDataCallList(serial);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->getSlicingConfig(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().getSlicingConfigResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
+        respond()->getSlicingConfigResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -79,7 +87,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->releasePduSessionId(serial, id);
     } else {
-        respond().releasePduSessionIdResponse(notSupported(serial));
+        respond()->releasePduSessionIdResponse(notSupported(serial));
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -109,7 +117,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->setDataThrottling(serial, V1_6::DataThrottlingAction(dta), completionDurationMs);
     } else {
-        respond().setDataThrottlingResponse(notSupported(serial));
+        respond()->setDataThrottlingResponse(notSupported(serial));
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -121,16 +129,10 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioData::setResponseFunctions(
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataResponse>& dataResponse,
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataIndication>& dataIndication) {
-    LOG_CALL << dataResponse << ' ' << dataIndication;
-
-    CHECK(dataResponse);
-    CHECK(dataIndication);
-
-    mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(dataResponse);
-    mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(dataIndication);
-
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataResponse>& response,
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataIndication>& indication) {
+    LOG_CALL << response << ' ' << indication;
+    mCallbackManager->setResponseFunctions(response, indication);
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->startHandover(serial, callId);
     } else {
-        respond().startHandoverResponse(notSupported(serial));
+        respond()->startHandoverResponse(notSupported(serial));
     }
     return ok();
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioIndication-data.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioIndication-data.cpp
index a680e56..1d367d2 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioIndication-data.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioIndication-data.cpp
@@ -29,10 +29,13 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data;
 
 void RadioIndication::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataIndication> dataCb) {
-    CHECK(dataCb);
     mDataCb = dataCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataIndication> RadioIndication::dataCb() {
+    return mDataCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioIndication::dataCallListChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                   const hidl_vec<V1_0::SetupDataCallResult>&) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
@@ -50,40 +53,35 @@
 Return<void> RadioIndication::dataCallListChanged_1_5(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<V1_5::SetupDataCallResult>& dcList) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->dataCallListChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(dcList));
+    dataCb()->dataCallListChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(dcList));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::dataCallListChanged_1_6(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<V1_6::SetupDataCallResult>& dcList) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->dataCallListChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(dcList));
+    dataCb()->dataCallListChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(dcList));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::keepaliveStatus(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                               const V1_1::KeepaliveStatus& status) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->keepaliveStatus(toAidl(type), toAidl(status));
+    dataCb()->keepaliveStatus(toAidl(type), toAidl(status));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::pcoData(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                       const V1_0::PcoDataInfo& pco) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->pcoData(toAidl(type), toAidl(pco));
+    dataCb()->pcoData(toAidl(type), toAidl(pco));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::unthrottleApn(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                             const hidl_string& apn) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->unthrottleApn(toAidl(type), mContext->getDataProfile(apn));
+    dataCb()->unthrottleApn(toAidl(type), mContext->getDataProfile(apn));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioResponse-data.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioResponse-data.cpp
index 171f692..0bfa2df 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioResponse-data.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/RadioResponse-data.cpp
@@ -29,29 +29,29 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data;
 
 void RadioResponse::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataResponse> dataCb) {
-    CHECK(dataCb);
     mDataCb = dataCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioDataResponse> RadioResponse::dataCb() {
+    return mDataCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioResponse::allocatePduSessionIdResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                          int32_t id) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->allocatePduSessionIdResponse(toAidl(info), id);
+    dataCb()->allocatePduSessionIdResponse(toAidl(info), id);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::cancelHandoverResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->cancelHandoverResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->cancelHandoverResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::deactivateDataCallResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->deactivateDataCallResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->deactivateDataCallResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -73,8 +73,7 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         const hidl_vec<V1_5::SetupDataCallResult>& dcResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->getDataCallListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
+    dataCb()->getDataCallListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -82,65 +81,56 @@
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         const hidl_vec<V1_6::SetupDataCallResult>& dcResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->getDataCallListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
+    dataCb()->getDataCallListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSlicingConfigResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                      const V1_6::SlicingConfig& slicingConfig) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->getSlicingConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(slicingConfig));
+    dataCb()->getSlicingConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(slicingConfig));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::releasePduSessionIdResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->releasePduSessionIdResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->releasePduSessionIdResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setDataAllowedResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setDataAllowedResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->setDataAllowedResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setDataProfileResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setDataProfileResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->setDataProfileResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setDataProfileResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setDataProfileResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->setDataProfileResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setDataThrottlingResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setDataThrottlingResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->setDataThrottlingResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setInitialAttachApnResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setInitialAttachApnResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->setInitialAttachApnResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setInitialAttachApnResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setInitialAttachApnResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->setInitialAttachApnResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -161,38 +151,33 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setupDataCallResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                       const V1_5::SetupDataCallResult& dcResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setupDataCallResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
+    dataCb()->setupDataCallResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setupDataCallResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                       const V1_6::SetupDataCallResult& dcResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->setupDataCallResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
+    dataCb()->setupDataCallResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dcResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startHandoverResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->startHandoverResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->startHandoverResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startKeepaliveResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                    const V1_1::KeepaliveStatus& status) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->startKeepaliveResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(status));
+    dataCb()->startKeepaliveResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(status));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::stopKeepaliveResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mDataCb);
-    mDataCb->stopKeepaliveResponse(toAidl(info));
+    dataCb()->stopKeepaliveResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/debug.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/debug.h
index 4158059..cb773bf 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/debug.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/debug.h
@@ -26,12 +26,6 @@
 #define LOG_CALL \
     if constexpr (debug::kSuperVerbose) LOG(VERBOSE) << (RADIO_MODULE ".") << __func__ << ' '
 
-#define CHECK_CB(field)                     \
-    if (!field) {                           \
-        LOG(WARNING) << "Callback not set"; \
-        return {};                          \
-    }
-
 }  // namespace debug
 
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const V1_0::RadioIndicationType& type) {
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1a7b49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include "DriverContext.h"
+#include "RadioIndication.h"
+#include "RadioResponse.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.6/IRadio.h>
+
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
+
+class CallbackManager {
+    sp<V1_5::IRadio> mHidlHal;
+    sp<RadioResponse> mRadioResponse;
+    sp<RadioIndication> mRadioIndication;
+
+    std::thread mDelayedSetterThread;
+    std::mutex mDelayedSetterGuard;
+    std::optional<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock>> mDelayedSetterDeadline
+            GUARDED_BY(mDelayedSetterGuard);
+    std::condition_variable mDelayedSetterCv GUARDED_BY(mDelayedSetterGuard);
+    bool mDestroy GUARDED_BY(mDelayedSetterGuard) = false;
+
+    void setResponseFunctionsDelayed();
+    void delayedSetterThread();
+
+  public:
+    CallbackManager(std::shared_ptr<DriverContext> context, sp<V1_5::IRadio> hidlHal);
+    ~CallbackManager();
+
+    RadioResponse& response() const;
+
+    template <typename ResponseType, typename IndicationType>
+    void setResponseFunctions(const std::shared_ptr<ResponseType>& response,
+                              const std::shared_ptr<IndicationType>& indication) {
+        CHECK(response);
+        CHECK(indication);
+
+        mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(response);
+        mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(indication);
+        setResponseFunctionsDelayed();
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/GuaranteedCallback.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/GuaranteedCallback.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b6ee11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/GuaranteedCallback.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
+
+namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
+
+template <typename Interface, typename DefaultImplementation, bool isIndication = false>
+class GuaranteedCallback {
+    mutable std::mutex mCallbackGuard;
+    std::shared_ptr<Interface> mCallback GUARDED_BY(mCallbackGuard);
+
+  public:
+    GuaranteedCallback<Interface, DefaultImplementation, isIndication>& operator=(
+            const std::shared_ptr<Interface>& callback) {
+        CHECK(callback);
+        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackGuard);
+        mCallback = callback;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Interface> get() {
+        if (mCallback) return mCallback;
+        const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackGuard);
+        if (mCallback) return mCallback;
+
+        LOG(isIndication ? WARNING : ERROR) << "Callback is not set";
+        return mCallback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<DefaultImplementation>();
+    }
+
+    operator bool() const { return mCallback != nullptr; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.h
index 21d7898..eb22fff 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioCompatBase.h
@@ -15,9 +15,8 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "CallbackManager.h"
 #include "DriverContext.h"
-#include "RadioIndication.h"
-#include "RadioResponse.h"
 
 #include <android/hardware/radio/1.6/IRadio.h>
 
@@ -30,14 +29,11 @@
     sp<V1_5::IRadio> mHal1_5;
     sp<V1_6::IRadio> mHal1_6;
 
-    sp<RadioResponse> mRadioResponse;
-    sp<RadioIndication> mRadioIndication;
-
-    V1_6::IRadioResponse& respond();
+    std::shared_ptr<CallbackManager> mCallbackManager;
 
   public:
     RadioCompatBase(std::shared_ptr<DriverContext> context, sp<V1_5::IRadio> hidlHal,
-                    sp<RadioResponse> radioResponse, sp<RadioIndication> radioIndication);
+                    std::shared_ptr<CallbackManager> cbMgr);
 };
 
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfig.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfig.h
index 31ad207..bbfff61 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfig.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfig.h
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "RadioConfigIndication.h"
+#include "RadioConfigResponse.h"
+
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/BnRadioConfig.h>
 #include <android/hardware/radio/config/1.2/IRadioConfigIndication.h>
 #include <android/hardware/radio/config/1.3/IRadioConfig.h>
@@ -30,11 +33,13 @@
  * fetch source implementation and publish resulting HAL instance.
  */
 class RadioConfig : public aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::BnRadioConfig {
-    sp<config::V1_1::IRadioConfig> mHal1_1;
-    sp<config::V1_3::IRadioConfig> mHal1_3;
+    const sp<config::V1_1::IRadioConfig> mHal1_1;
+    const sp<config::V1_3::IRadioConfig> mHal1_3;
 
-    sp<config::V1_3::IRadioConfigResponse> mRadioConfigResponse;
-    sp<config::V1_2::IRadioConfigIndication> mRadioConfigIndication;
+    const sp<RadioConfigResponse> mRadioConfigResponse;
+    const sp<RadioConfigIndication> mRadioConfigIndication;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigResponse> respond();
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getHalDeviceCapabilities(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getNumOfLiveModems(int32_t serial) override;
@@ -52,8 +57,6 @@
             const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::SlotPortMapping>& slotMap)
             override;
 
-    config::V1_3::IRadioConfigResponse& respond();
-
   public:
     /**
      * Constructs AIDL IRadioConfig instance wrapping existing HIDL IRadioConfig instance.
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfigIndication.h
similarity index 82%
rename from radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.h
rename to radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfigIndication.h
index 3d8d971..d256a87 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigIndication.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfigIndication.h
@@ -15,13 +15,17 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "GuaranteedCallback.h"
+
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfigIndication.h>
 #include <android/hardware/radio/config/1.2/IRadioConfigIndication.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
 
 class RadioConfigIndication : public config::V1_2::IRadioConfigIndication {
-    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigIndication> mCallback;
+    GuaranteedCallback<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigIndication,
+                       aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigIndicationDefault, true>
+            mCallback;
 
     Return<void> simSlotsStatusChanged(
             V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
@@ -31,8 +35,10 @@
             const hidl_vec<config::V1_2::SimSlotStatus>& slotStatus) override;
 
   public:
-    RadioConfigIndication(
+    void setResponseFunction(
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigIndication> cb);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigIndication> indicate();
 };
 
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfigResponse.h
similarity index 88%
rename from radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.h
rename to radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfigResponse.h
index 1461dd2..dc86da2 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/config/RadioConfigResponse.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioConfigResponse.h
@@ -15,13 +15,17 @@
  */
 #pragma once
 
+#include "GuaranteedCallback.h"
+
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfigResponse.h>
 #include <android/hardware/radio/config/1.3/IRadioConfigResponse.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
 
 class RadioConfigResponse : public config::V1_3::IRadioConfigResponse {
-    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigResponse> mCallback;
+    GuaranteedCallback<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigResponse,
+                       aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigResponseDefault>
+            mCallback;
 
     Return<void> getSimSlotsStatusResponse(
             const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
@@ -41,8 +45,10 @@
                                                   bool modemReducedFeatureSet1) override;
 
   public:
-    RadioConfigResponse(
+    void setResponseFunction(
             std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigResponse> callback);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfigResponse> respond();
 };
 
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioData.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioData.h
index ba8bb0a..c617ec2 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioData.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioData.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
 
 class RadioData : public RadioCompatBase, public aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::BnRadioData {
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataResponse> respond();
+
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus allocatePduSessionId(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus cancelHandover(int32_t serial, int32_t callId) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus deactivateDataCall(
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioIndication.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioIndication.h
index 4d03063..c668af5 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioIndication.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioIndication.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "DriverContext.h"
+#include "GuaranteedCallback.h"
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/IRadioDataIndication.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/messaging/IRadioMessagingIndication.h>
@@ -30,13 +31,30 @@
 class RadioIndication : public V1_6::IRadioIndication {
     std::shared_ptr<DriverContext> mContext;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataIndication> mDataCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingIndication>
+    GuaranteedCallback<  //
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataIndication,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataIndicationDefault, true>
+            mDataCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<  //
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingIndication,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingIndicationDefault, true>
             mMessagingCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemIndication> mModemCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkIndication> mNetworkCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimIndication> mSimCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceIndication> mVoiceCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<  //
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemIndication,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemIndicationDefault, true>
+            mModemCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<  //
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkIndication,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkIndicationDefault, true>
+            mNetworkCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<  //
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimIndication,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimIndicationDefault, true>
+            mSimCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<  //
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceIndication,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceIndicationDefault, true>
+            mVoiceCb;
 
     // IRadioIndication @ 1.0
     Return<void> radioStateChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
@@ -200,6 +218,14 @@
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimIndication> simCb);
     void setResponseFunction(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceIndication> voicCb);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataIndication> dataCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingIndication>
+    messagingCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemIndication> modemCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkIndication> networkCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimIndication> simCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceIndication> voiceCb();
 };
 
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioMessaging.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioMessaging.h
index 0cd3381..419e9fb 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioMessaging.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioMessaging.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 class RadioMessaging : public RadioCompatBase,
                        public aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::BnRadioMessaging {
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingResponse> respond();
+
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPdu(int32_t serial, bool success,
                                                           const std::string& ackPdu) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSms(
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h
index 666ff47..fdca124 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 class RadioModem : public RadioCompatBase,
                    public aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::BnRadioModem {
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemResponse> respond();
+
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus enableModem(int32_t serial, bool on) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getBasebandVersion(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getDeviceIdentity(int32_t serial) override;
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
index 09ae240..ec76300 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 class RadioNetwork : public RadioCompatBase,
                      public aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::BnRadioNetwork {
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponse> respond();
+
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getAvailableBandModes(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getAvailableNetworks(int32_t serial) override;
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.h
index 344864f..1f82dd1 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioResponse.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "DriverContext.h"
+#include "GuaranteedCallback.h"
 
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/IRadioDataResponse.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/messaging/IRadioMessagingResponse.h>
@@ -30,13 +31,24 @@
 class RadioResponse : public V1_6::IRadioResponse {
     std::shared_ptr<DriverContext> mContext;
 
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataResponse> mDataCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingResponse>
+    GuaranteedCallback<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataResponse,
+                       ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataResponseDefault>
+            mDataCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingResponse,
+                       ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingResponseDefault>
             mMessagingCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemResponse> mModemCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponse> mNetworkCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponse> mSimCb;
-    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceResponse> mVoiceCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemResponse,
+                       ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemResponseDefault>
+            mModemCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponse,
+                       ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponseDefault>
+            mNetworkCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponse,
+                       ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponseDefault>
+            mSimCb;
+    GuaranteedCallback<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceResponse,
+                       ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceResponseDefault>
+            mVoiceCb;
 
     // IRadioResponse @ 1.0
     Return<void> getIccCardStatusResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
@@ -428,6 +440,14 @@
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponse> simCb);
     void setResponseFunction(
             std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceResponse> voiceCb);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::data::IRadioDataResponse> dataCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging::IRadioMessagingResponse>
+    messagingCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem::IRadioModemResponse> modemCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponse> networkCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponse> simCb();
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceResponse> voiceCb();
 };
 
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h
index a6b77fd..84bb68b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 namespace android::hardware::radio::compat {
 
 class RadioSim : public RadioCompatBase, public aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::BnRadioSim {
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponse> respond();
+
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus areUiccApplicationsEnabled(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus changeIccPin2ForApp(int32_t serial, const std::string& oldPin2,
                                              const std::string& newPin2,
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioVoice.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioVoice.h
index 5bf93e0..5839e3a 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioVoice.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioVoice.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 class RadioVoice : public RadioCompatBase,
                    public aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::BnRadioVoice {
+    std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice::IRadioVoiceResponse> respond();
+
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus acceptCall(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus conference(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus dial(
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioIndication-messaging.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioIndication-messaging.cpp
index c7342b1..e5c33b3 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioIndication-messaging.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioIndication-messaging.cpp
@@ -27,67 +27,62 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging;
 
 void RadioIndication::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingIndication> rmiCb) {
-    CHECK(rmiCb);
     mMessagingCb = rmiCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingIndication> RadioIndication::messagingCb() {
+    return mMessagingCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaNewSms(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                          const V1_0::CdmaSmsMessage& msg) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->cdmaNewSms(toAidl(type), toAidl(msg));
+    messagingCb()->cdmaNewSms(toAidl(type), toAidl(msg));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaRuimSmsStorageFull(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->cdmaRuimSmsStorageFull(toAidl(type));
+    messagingCb()->cdmaRuimSmsStorageFull(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::newBroadcastSms(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                               const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& data) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->newBroadcastSms(toAidl(type), data);
+    messagingCb()->newBroadcastSms(toAidl(type), data);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::newSms(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& pdu) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->newSms(toAidl(type), pdu);
+    messagingCb()->newSms(toAidl(type), pdu);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::newSmsOnSim(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, int32_t recordNumber) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->newSmsOnSim(toAidl(type), recordNumber);
+    messagingCb()->newSmsOnSim(toAidl(type), recordNumber);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::newSmsStatusReport(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                  const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& pdu) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->newSmsStatusReport(toAidl(type), pdu);
+    messagingCb()->newSmsStatusReport(toAidl(type), pdu);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::onUssd(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, V1_0::UssdModeType modeType,
                                      const hidl_string& msg) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->onUssd(toAidl(type), aidl::UssdModeType(modeType), msg);
+    messagingCb()->onUssd(toAidl(type), aidl::UssdModeType(modeType), msg);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::simSmsStorageFull(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->simSmsStorageFull(toAidl(type));
+    messagingCb()->simSmsStorageFull(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioMessaging.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioMessaging.cpp
index c1a82b5..4d94e17 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioMessaging.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioMessaging.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,10 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging;
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingResponse> RadioMessaging::respond() {
+    return mCallbackManager->response().messagingCb();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioMessaging::acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPdu(  //
         int32_t serial, bool success, const std::string& ackPdu) {
     LOG_CALL << serial << ' ' << success << ' ' << ackPdu;
@@ -100,13 +104,21 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioMessaging::sendCdmaSms(int32_t serial, const aidl::CdmaSmsMessage& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->sendCdmaSms(serial, toHidl(sms));
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->sendCdmaSms_1_6(serial, toHidl(sms));
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->sendCdmaSms(serial, toHidl(sms));
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioMessaging::sendCdmaSmsExpectMore(int32_t serial, const aidl::CdmaSmsMessage& m) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->sendCdmaSmsExpectMore(serial, toHidl(m));
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->sendCdmaSmsExpectMore_1_6(serial, toHidl(m));
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->sendCdmaSmsExpectMore(serial, toHidl(m));
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -118,13 +130,21 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioMessaging::sendSms(int32_t serial, const aidl::GsmSmsMessage& message) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->sendSms(serial, toHidl(message));
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->sendSms_1_6(serial, toHidl(message));
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->sendSms(serial, toHidl(message));
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioMessaging::sendSmsExpectMore(int32_t serial, const aidl::GsmSmsMessage& msg) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->sendSMSExpectMore(serial, toHidl(msg));
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->sendSmsExpectMore_1_6(serial, toHidl(msg));
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->sendSMSExpectMore(serial, toHidl(msg));
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -161,16 +181,10 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioMessaging::setResponseFunctions(
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingResponse>& messagingResponse,
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingIndication>& messagingIndication) {
-    LOG_CALL << messagingResponse << ' ' << messagingIndication;
-
-    CHECK(messagingResponse);
-    CHECK(messagingIndication);
-
-    mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(messagingResponse);
-    mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(messagingIndication);
-
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingResponse>& response,
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingIndication>& indication) {
+    LOG_CALL << response << ' ' << indication;
+    mCallbackManager->setResponseFunctions(response, indication);
     return ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioResponse-messaging.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioResponse-messaging.cpp
index 379e463..24ad3d7 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioResponse-messaging.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/messaging/RadioResponse-messaging.cpp
@@ -29,52 +29,49 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging;
 
 void RadioResponse::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingResponse> rmrCb) {
-    CHECK(rmrCb);
     mMessagingCb = rmrCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioMessagingResponse> RadioResponse::messagingCb() {
+    return mMessagingCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPduResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPduResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPduResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSmsResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSmsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSmsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSmsResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSmsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSmsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::cancelPendingUssdResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->cancelPendingUssdResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->cancelPendingUssdResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::deleteSmsOnRuimResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->deleteSmsOnRuimResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->deleteSmsOnRuimResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::deleteSmsOnSimResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->deleteSmsOnSimResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->deleteSmsOnSimResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -82,162 +79,141 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         const hidl_vec<V1_0::CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& configs) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->getCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(configs));
+    messagingCb()->getCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(configs));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_vec<V1_0::GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& cfg) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->getGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cfg));
+    messagingCb()->getGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cfg));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSmscAddressResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                    const hidl_string& smsc) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->getSmscAddressResponse(toAidl(info), smsc);
+    messagingCb()->getSmscAddressResponse(toAidl(info), smsc);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::reportSmsMemoryStatusResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->reportSmsMemoryStatusResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->reportSmsMemoryStatusResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                           const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                               const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendCdmaSmsResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                 const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendCdmaSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendCdmaSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendCdmaSmsResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                     const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendCdmaSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendCdmaSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendImsSmsResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendImsSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendImsSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendSMSExpectMoreResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                       const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendSmsExpectMoreResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                           const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendSmsExpectMoreResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendSmsResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                             const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendSmsResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                 const V1_0::SendSmsResult& sms) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
+    messagingCb()->sendSmsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(sms));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendUssdResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->sendUssdResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->sendUssdResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaBroadcastActivationResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->setCdmaBroadcastActivationResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->setCdmaBroadcastActivationResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->setCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->setCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setGsmBroadcastActivationResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->setGsmBroadcastActivationResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->setGsmBroadcastActivationResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->setGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->setGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSmscAddressResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->setSmscAddressResponse(toAidl(info));
+    messagingCb()->setSmscAddressResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::writeSmsToRuimResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                    uint32_t index) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial << ' ' << index;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->writeSmsToRuimResponse(toAidl(info), index);
+    messagingCb()->writeSmsToRuimResponse(toAidl(info), index);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::writeSmsToSimResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                   int32_t index) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial << ' ' << index;
-    CHECK_CB(mMessagingCb);
-    mMessagingCb->writeSmsToSimResponse(toAidl(info), index);
+    messagingCb()->writeSmsToSimResponse(toAidl(info), index);
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioIndication-modem.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioIndication-modem.cpp
index 8fc4da6..851c93b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioIndication-modem.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioIndication-modem.cpp
@@ -29,44 +29,42 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem;
 
 void RadioIndication::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemIndication> modemCb) {
-    CHECK(modemCb);
     mModemCb = modemCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemIndication> RadioIndication::modemCb() {
+    return mModemCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioIndication::hardwareConfigChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                     const hidl_vec<V1_0::HardwareConfig>& configs) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->hardwareConfigChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(configs));
+    modemCb()->hardwareConfigChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(configs));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::modemReset(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_string& reasn) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->modemReset(toAidl(type), reasn);
+    modemCb()->modemReset(toAidl(type), reasn);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::radioCapabilityIndication(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                         const V1_0::RadioCapability& rc) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->radioCapabilityIndication(toAidl(type), toAidl(rc));
+    modemCb()->radioCapabilityIndication(toAidl(type), toAidl(rc));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::radioStateChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType t, V1_0::RadioState st) {
     LOG_CALL << t;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->radioStateChanged(toAidl(t), aidl::RadioState(st));
+    modemCb()->radioStateChanged(toAidl(t), aidl::RadioState(st));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::rilConnected(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->rilConnected(toAidl(type));
+    modemCb()->rilConnected(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp
index 660ae9f..d28b940 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem;
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemResponse> RadioModem::respond() {
+    return mCallbackManager->response().modemCb();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioModem::enableModem(int32_t serial, bool on) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     mHal1_5->enableModem(serial, on);
@@ -129,16 +133,10 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioModem::setResponseFunctions(
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemResponse>& modemResponse,
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemIndication>& modemIndication) {
-    LOG_CALL << modemResponse << ' ' << modemIndication;
-
-    CHECK(modemResponse);
-    CHECK(modemIndication);
-
-    mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(modemResponse);
-    mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(modemIndication);
-
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemResponse>& response,
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemIndication>& indication) {
+    LOG_CALL << response << ' ' << indication;
+    mCallbackManager->setResponseFunctions(response, indication);
     return ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioResponse-modem.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioResponse-modem.cpp
index 300627c..6e1a962 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioResponse-modem.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioResponse-modem.cpp
@@ -29,22 +29,23 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem;
 
 void RadioResponse::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemResponse> modemCb) {
-    CHECK(modemCb);
     mModemCb = modemCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioModemResponse> RadioResponse::modemCb() {
+    return mModemCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioResponse::enableModemResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->enableModemResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->enableModemResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getBasebandVersionResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        const hidl_string& version) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->getBasebandVersionResponse(toAidl(info), version);
+    modemCb()->getBasebandVersionResponse(toAidl(info), version);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -52,112 +53,97 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_string& imei, const hidl_string& imeisv,
         const hidl_string& esn, const hidl_string& meid) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->getDeviceIdentityResponse(toAidl(info), imei, imeisv, esn, meid);
+    modemCb()->getDeviceIdentityResponse(toAidl(info), imei, imeisv, esn, meid);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getHardwareConfigResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_vec<V1_0::HardwareConfig>& config) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->getHardwareConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(config));
+    modemCb()->getHardwareConfigResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(config));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getModemActivityInfoResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_0::ActivityStatsInfo& activityInfo) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->getModemActivityInfoResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(activityInfo));
+    modemCb()->getModemActivityInfoResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(activityInfo));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getModemStackStatusResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         bool isEnabled) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->getModemStackStatusResponse(toAidl(info), isEnabled);
+    modemCb()->getModemStackStatusResponse(toAidl(info), isEnabled);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getRadioCapabilityResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        const V1_0::RadioCapability& rc) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->getRadioCapabilityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(rc));
+    modemCb()->getRadioCapabilityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(rc));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvReadItemResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                const hidl_string& result) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->nvReadItemResponse(toAidl(info), result);
+    modemCb()->nvReadItemResponse(toAidl(info), result);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvResetConfigResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->nvResetConfigResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->nvResetConfigResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvWriteCdmaPrlResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->nvWriteCdmaPrlResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->nvWriteCdmaPrlResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvWriteItemResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->nvWriteItemResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->nvWriteItemResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::requestShutdownResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->requestShutdownResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->requestShutdownResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendDeviceStateResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->sendDeviceStateResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->sendDeviceStateResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setRadioCapabilityResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        const V1_0::RadioCapability& rc) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->setRadioCapabilityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(rc));
+    modemCb()->setRadioCapabilityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(rc));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setRadioPowerResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->setRadioPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->setRadioPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setRadioPowerResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->setRadioPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->setRadioPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setRadioPowerResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mModemCb);
-    mModemCb->setRadioPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
+    modemCb()->setRadioPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioIndication-network.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioIndication-network.cpp
index 899b133..d4cbdbc 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioIndication-network.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioIndication-network.cpp
@@ -30,23 +30,24 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network;
 
 void RadioIndication::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkIndication> netCb) {
-    CHECK(netCb);
     mNetworkCb = netCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkIndication> RadioIndication::networkCb() {
+    return mNetworkCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioIndication::barringInfoChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                  const V1_5::CellIdentity& cellIdentity,
                                                  const hidl_vec<V1_5::BarringInfo>& barringInfos) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->barringInfoChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(cellIdentity), toAidl(barringInfos));
+    networkCb()->barringInfoChanged(toAidl(type), toAidl(cellIdentity), toAidl(barringInfos));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaPrlChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, int32_t version) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->cdmaPrlChanged(toAidl(type), version);
+    networkCb()->cdmaPrlChanged(toAidl(type), version);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -74,32 +75,28 @@
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cellInfoList_1_5(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                const hidl_vec<V1_5::CellInfo>& records) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->cellInfoList(toAidl(type), toAidl(records));
+    networkCb()->cellInfoList(toAidl(type), toAidl(records));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cellInfoList_1_6(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                const hidl_vec<V1_6::CellInfo>& records) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->cellInfoList(toAidl(type), toAidl(records));
+    networkCb()->cellInfoList(toAidl(type), toAidl(records));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentLinkCapacityEstimate(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                           const V1_2::LinkCapacityEstimate& lce) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->currentLinkCapacityEstimate(toAidl(type), toAidl(lce));
+    networkCb()->currentLinkCapacityEstimate(toAidl(type), toAidl(lce));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentLinkCapacityEstimate_1_6(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const V1_6::LinkCapacityEstimate& lce) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->currentLinkCapacityEstimate(toAidl(type), toAidl(lce));
+    networkCb()->currentLinkCapacityEstimate(toAidl(type), toAidl(lce));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -113,16 +110,14 @@
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentPhysicalChannelConfigs_1_4(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<V1_4::PhysicalChannelConfig>& configs) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(toAidl(type), toAidl(configs));
+    networkCb()->currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(toAidl(type), toAidl(configs));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentPhysicalChannelConfigs_1_6(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<V1_6::PhysicalChannelConfig>& configs) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(toAidl(type), toAidl(configs));
+    networkCb()->currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(toAidl(type), toAidl(configs));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -143,23 +138,20 @@
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentSignalStrength_1_4(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const V1_4::SignalStrength& signalStrength) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->currentSignalStrength(toAidl(type), toAidl(signalStrength));
+    networkCb()->currentSignalStrength(toAidl(type), toAidl(signalStrength));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentSignalStrength_1_6(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const V1_6::SignalStrength& signalStrength) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->currentSignalStrength(toAidl(type), toAidl(signalStrength));
+    networkCb()->currentSignalStrength(toAidl(type), toAidl(signalStrength));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::imsNetworkStateChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->imsNetworkStateChanged(toAidl(type));
+    networkCb()->imsNetworkStateChanged(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -187,31 +179,27 @@
 Return<void> RadioIndication::networkScanResult_1_5(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                     const V1_5::NetworkScanResult& result) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->networkScanResult(toAidl(type), toAidl(result));
+    networkCb()->networkScanResult(toAidl(type), toAidl(result));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::networkScanResult_1_6(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                     const V1_6::NetworkScanResult& result) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->networkScanResult(toAidl(type), toAidl(result));
+    networkCb()->networkScanResult(toAidl(type), toAidl(result));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::networkStateChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->networkStateChanged(toAidl(type));
+    networkCb()->networkStateChanged(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::nitzTimeReceived(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                const hidl_string& nitzTime, uint64_t receivedTime) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->nitzTimeReceived(toAidl(type), nitzTime, receivedTime, 0);
+    networkCb()->nitzTimeReceived(toAidl(type), nitzTime, receivedTime, 0);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -220,33 +208,29 @@
         const hidl_string& chosenPlmn, hidl_bitfield<V1_5::Domain> domain, int32_t causeCode,
         int32_t additionalCauseCode) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->registrationFailed(toAidl(type), toAidl(cellIdentity), chosenPlmn,
-                                   aidl::Domain(domain), causeCode, additionalCauseCode);
+    networkCb()->registrationFailed(toAidl(type), toAidl(cellIdentity), chosenPlmn,
+                                    aidl::Domain(domain), causeCode, additionalCauseCode);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::restrictedStateChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                      V1_0::PhoneRestrictedState state) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->restrictedStateChanged(toAidl(type), aidl::PhoneRestrictedState(state));
+    networkCb()->restrictedStateChanged(toAidl(type), aidl::PhoneRestrictedState(state));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::suppSvcNotify(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                             const V1_0::SuppSvcNotification& suppSvc) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->suppSvcNotify(toAidl(type), toAidl(suppSvc));
+    networkCb()->suppSvcNotify(toAidl(type), toAidl(suppSvc));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::voiceRadioTechChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                     V1_0::RadioTechnology rat) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->voiceRadioTechChanged(toAidl(type), RadioTechnology(rat));
+    networkCb()->voiceRadioTechChanged(toAidl(type), RadioTechnology(rat));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
index 5fa1cf5..8bfa0bb 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network;
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkResponse> RadioNetwork::respond() {
+    return mCallbackManager->response().networkCb();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     if (mHal1_6) {
@@ -69,13 +73,21 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::getCellInfoList(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getCellInfoList(serial);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->getCellInfoList_1_6(serial);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->getCellInfoList(serial);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::getDataRegistrationState(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getDataRegistrationState(serial);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->getDataRegistrationState_1_6(serial);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->getDataRegistrationState_1_5(serial);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +111,11 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::getSignalStrength(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getSignalStrength(serial);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->getSignalStrength_1_6(serial);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->getSignalStrength_1_4(serial);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -108,7 +124,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->getSystemSelectionChannels(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().getSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
+        respond()->getSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -121,7 +137,11 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::getVoiceRegistrationState(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getVoiceRegistrationState(serial);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->getVoiceRegistrationState_1_6(serial);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->getVoiceRegistrationState_1_5(serial);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -130,7 +150,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->isNrDualConnectivityEnabled(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(notSupported(serial), false);
+        respond()->isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(notSupported(serial), false);
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -179,7 +199,7 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::setIndicationFilter(int32_t serial, aidl::IndicationFilter indFilter) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->setIndicationFilter(serial, toHidlBitfield<V1_0::IndicationFilter>(indFilter));
+    mHal1_5->setIndicationFilter_1_5(serial, toHidlBitfield<V1_5::IndicationFilter>(indFilter));
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -188,9 +208,9 @@
         const std::vector<int32_t>& thrDownlinkKbps, const std::vector<int32_t>& thrUplinkKbps,
         AccessNetwork accessNetwork) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(  //
+    mHal1_5->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_1_5(  //
             serial, hysteresisMs, hysteresisDlKbps, hysteresisUlKbps, thrDownlinkKbps,
-            thrUplinkKbps, V1_2::AccessNetwork(accessNetwork));
+            thrUplinkKbps, V1_5::AccessNetwork(accessNetwork));
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -219,22 +239,16 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->setNrDualConnectivityState(serial, V1_6::NrDualConnectivityState(st));
     } else {
-        respond().setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(notSupported(serial));
+        respond()->setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(notSupported(serial));
     }
     return ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::setResponseFunctions(
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkResponse>& networkResponse,
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkIndication>& networkIndication) {
-    LOG_CALL << networkResponse << ' ' << networkIndication;
-
-    CHECK(networkResponse);
-    CHECK(networkIndication);
-
-    mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(networkResponse);
-    mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(networkIndication);
-
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkResponse>& response,
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkIndication>& indication) {
+    LOG_CALL << response << ' ' << indication;
+    mCallbackManager->setResponseFunctions(response, indication);
     return ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioResponse-network.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioResponse-network.cpp
index 81f7775..bab1d4a 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioResponse-network.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioResponse-network.cpp
@@ -33,25 +33,26 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network;
 
 void RadioResponse::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkResponse> netCb) {
-    CHECK(netCb);
     mNetworkCb = netCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioNetworkResponse> RadioResponse::networkCb() {
+    return mNetworkCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         hidl_bitfield<V1_4::RadioAccessFamily> networkTypeBitmap) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(toAidl(info),
-                                                     RadioAccessFamily(networkTypeBitmap));
+    networkCb()->getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(toAidl(info),
+                                                      RadioAccessFamily(networkTypeBitmap));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getPreferredNetworkTypeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                             V1_0::PreferredNetworkType nwType) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(  //
+    networkCb()->getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(  //
             toAidl(info), RadioAccessFamily(getRafFromNetworkType(nwType)));
     return {};
 }
@@ -66,16 +67,14 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getAvailableBandModesResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_vec<V1_0::RadioBandMode>& bandModes) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getAvailableBandModesResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(bandModes));
+    networkCb()->getAvailableBandModesResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(bandModes));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getAvailableNetworksResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_vec<V1_0::OperatorInfo>& networkInfos) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getAvailableNetworksResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(networkInfos));
+    networkCb()->getAvailableNetworksResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(networkInfos));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -83,16 +82,14 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_5::CellIdentity& cellIdentity,
         const hidl_vec<V1_5::BarringInfo>& barringInfos) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getBarringInfoResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cellIdentity), toAidl(barringInfos));
+    networkCb()->getBarringInfoResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cellIdentity), toAidl(barringInfos));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                              V1_0::CdmaRoamingType type) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::CdmaRoamingType(type));
+    networkCb()->getCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::CdmaRoamingType(type));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -120,16 +117,14 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCellInfoListResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         const hidl_vec<V1_5::CellInfo>& cellInfo) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getCellInfoListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cellInfo));
+    networkCb()->getCellInfoListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cellInfo));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCellInfoListResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         const hidl_vec<V1_6::CellInfo>& cellInfo) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getCellInfoListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cellInfo));
+    networkCb()->getCellInfoListResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cellInfo));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -157,25 +152,22 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getDataRegistrationStateResponse_1_5(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_5::RegStateResult& dataRegResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getDataRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dataRegResponse));
+    networkCb()->getDataRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dataRegResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getDataRegistrationStateResponse_1_6(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_6::RegStateResult& dataRegResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getDataRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dataRegResponse));
+    networkCb()->getDataRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(dataRegResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getImsRegistrationStateResponse(  //
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, bool isRegd, V1_0::RadioTechnologyFamily ratFamily) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getImsRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), isRegd,
-                                                RadioTechnologyFamily(ratFamily));
+    networkCb()->getImsRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), isRegd,
+                                                 RadioTechnologyFamily(ratFamily));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -189,8 +181,7 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getNetworkSelectionModeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                             bool manual) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getNetworkSelectionModeResponse(toAidl(info), manual);
+    networkCb()->getNetworkSelectionModeResponse(toAidl(info), manual);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -198,8 +189,7 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_string& longName,
         const hidl_string& shortName, const hidl_string& numeric) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getOperatorResponse(toAidl(info), longName, shortName, numeric);
+    networkCb()->getOperatorResponse(toAidl(info), longName, shortName, numeric);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -220,16 +210,14 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSignalStrengthResponse_1_4(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_4::SignalStrength& signalStrength) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getSignalStrengthResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(signalStrength));
+    networkCb()->getSignalStrengthResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(signalStrength));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSignalStrengthResponse_1_6(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_6::SignalStrength& signalStrength) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getSignalStrengthResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(signalStrength));
+    networkCb()->getSignalStrengthResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(signalStrength));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -237,16 +225,14 @@
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
         const hidl_vec<V1_5::RadioAccessSpecifier>& specifiers) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(specifiers));
+    networkCb()->getSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(specifiers));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                             V1_0::RadioTechnology rat) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(toAidl(info), RadioTechnology(rat));
+    networkCb()->getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(toAidl(info), RadioTechnology(rat));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -267,24 +253,21 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse_1_5(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_5::RegStateResult& voiceRegResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(voiceRegResponse));
+    networkCb()->getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(voiceRegResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse_1_6(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_6::RegStateResult& voiceRegResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(voiceRegResponse));
+    networkCb()->getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(voiceRegResponse));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                                 bool isEnabled) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(toAidl(info), isEnabled);
+    networkCb()->isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(toAidl(info), isEnabled);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -297,15 +280,13 @@
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& i) {
     LOG_CALL << i.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(toAidl(i));
+    networkCb()->setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(toAidl(i));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setPreferredNetworkTypeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -318,174 +299,151 @@
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setBandModeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setBandModeResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setBandModeResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setBarringPasswordResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setBarringPasswordResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setBarringPasswordResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCellInfoListRateResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setCellInfoListRateResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setCellInfoListRateResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setIndicationFilterResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setIndicationFilterResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setIndicationFilterResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setIndicationFilterResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setIndicationFilterResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setIndicationFilterResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse_1_5(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setLocationUpdatesResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setLocationUpdatesResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setLocationUpdatesResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse_1_5(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse_1_5(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse_1_5(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startNetworkScanResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->startNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->startNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startNetworkScanResponse_1_4(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->startNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->startNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startNetworkScanResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->startNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->startNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::stopNetworkScanResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->stopNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
+    networkCb()->stopNetworkScanResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mNetworkCb);
-    mNetworkCb->supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    networkCb()->supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioIndication-sim.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioIndication-sim.cpp
index 6b906c6..3938e00 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioIndication-sim.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioIndication-sim.cpp
@@ -29,29 +29,29 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim;
 
 void RadioIndication::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimIndication> simCb) {
-    CHECK(simCb);
     mSimCb = simCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimIndication> RadioIndication::simCb() {
+    return mSimCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioIndication::carrierInfoForImsiEncryption(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->carrierInfoForImsiEncryption(toAidl(type));
+    simCb()->carrierInfoForImsiEncryption(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaSubscriptionSourceChanged(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, V1_0::CdmaSubscriptionSource cdmaSource) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->cdmaSubscriptionSourceChanged(toAidl(type), aidl::CdmaSubscriptionSource(cdmaSource));
+    simCb()->cdmaSubscriptionSourceChanged(toAidl(type), aidl::CdmaSubscriptionSource(cdmaSource));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::simPhonebookChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->simPhonebookChanged(toAidl(type));
+    simCb()->simPhonebookChanged(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -59,62 +59,54 @@
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, V1_6::PbReceivedStatus status,
         const hidl_vec<V1_6::PhonebookRecordInfo>& rec) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->simPhonebookRecordsReceived(toAidl(type), aidl::PbReceivedStatus(status), toAidl(rec));
+    simCb()->simPhonebookRecordsReceived(toAidl(type), aidl::PbReceivedStatus(status), toAidl(rec));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::simRefresh(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                          const V1_0::SimRefreshResult& refreshResult) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->simRefresh(toAidl(type), toAidl(refreshResult));
+    simCb()->simRefresh(toAidl(type), toAidl(refreshResult));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::simStatusChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->simStatusChanged(toAidl(type));
+    simCb()->simStatusChanged(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::stkEventNotify(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                              const hidl_string& cmd) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->stkEventNotify(toAidl(type), cmd);
+    simCb()->stkEventNotify(toAidl(type), cmd);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::stkProactiveCommand(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                   const hidl_string& cmd) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->stkProactiveCommand(toAidl(type), cmd);
+    simCb()->stkProactiveCommand(toAidl(type), cmd);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::stkSessionEnd(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->stkSessionEnd(toAidl(type));
+    simCb()->stkSessionEnd(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::subscriptionStatusChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                         bool activate) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->subscriptionStatusChanged(toAidl(type), activate);
+    simCb()->subscriptionStatusChanged(toAidl(type), activate);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::uiccApplicationsEnablementChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                                 bool enabled) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->uiccApplicationsEnablementChanged(toAidl(type), enabled);
+    simCb()->uiccApplicationsEnablementChanged(toAidl(type), enabled);
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioResponse-sim.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioResponse-sim.cpp
index 2dfbc50..3ad9130 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioResponse-sim.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioResponse-sim.cpp
@@ -29,48 +29,46 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim;
 
 void RadioResponse::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimResponse> simCb) {
-    CHECK(simCb);
     mSimCb = simCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimResponse> RadioResponse::simCb() {
+    return mSimCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioResponse::areUiccApplicationsEnabledResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                                bool enabled) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->areUiccApplicationsEnabledResponse(toAidl(info), enabled);
+    simCb()->areUiccApplicationsEnabledResponse(toAidl(info), enabled);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::changeIccPin2ForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->changeIccPin2ForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    simCb()->changeIccPin2ForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::changeIccPinForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->changeIccPinForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    simCb()->changeIccPinForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::enableUiccApplicationsResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->enableUiccApplicationsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->enableUiccApplicationsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getAllowedCarriersResponse(  //
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, bool allAllowed, const V1_0::CarrierRestrictions& cr) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
     aidl::CarrierRestrictions aidlCr = toAidl(cr);
     if (allAllowed) aidlCr = {};
-    mSimCb->getAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info), aidlCr, {});
+    simCb()->getAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info), aidlCr, {});
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -78,9 +76,8 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_4::CarrierRestrictionsWithPriority& carriers,
         V1_4::SimLockMultiSimPolicy multiSimPolicy) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(carriers),
-                                       aidl::SimLockMultiSimPolicy(multiSimPolicy));
+    simCb()->getAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(carriers),
+                                        aidl::SimLockMultiSimPolicy(multiSimPolicy));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -88,133 +85,116 @@
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_string& mdn, const hidl_string& hSid,
         const hidl_string& hNid, const hidl_string& min, const hidl_string& prl) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getCdmaSubscriptionResponse(toAidl(info), mdn, hSid, hNid, min, prl);
+    simCb()->getCdmaSubscriptionResponse(toAidl(info), mdn, hSid, hNid, min, prl);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                               V1_0::CdmaSubscriptionSource s) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::CdmaSubscriptionSource(s));
+    simCb()->getCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::CdmaSubscriptionSource(s));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getFacilityLockForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                           int32_t response) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getFacilityLockForAppResponse(toAidl(info), response);
+    simCb()->getFacilityLockForAppResponse(toAidl(info), response);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getIccCardStatusResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                      const V1_0::CardStatus& cardStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
+    simCb()->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                          const V1_2::CardStatus& cardStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
+    simCb()->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getIccCardStatusResponse_1_4(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                          const V1_4::CardStatus& cardStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
+    simCb()->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getIccCardStatusResponse_1_5(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                          const V1_5::CardStatus& cardStatus) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
+    simCb()->getIccCardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(cardStatus));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getIMSIForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                   const hidl_string& imsi) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getImsiForAppResponse(toAidl(info), imsi);
+    simCb()->getImsiForAppResponse(toAidl(info), imsi);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(
         const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_6::PhonebookCapacity& capacity) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(capacity));
+    simCb()->getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(capacity));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::iccCloseLogicalChannelResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->iccCloseLogicalChannelResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->iccCloseLogicalChannelResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::iccIOForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                 const V1_0::IccIoResult& iccIo) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->iccIoForAppResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(iccIo));
+    simCb()->iccIoForAppResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(iccIo));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::iccOpenLogicalChannelResponse(  //
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t chanId, const hidl_vec<int8_t>& selectResp) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->iccOpenLogicalChannelResponse(toAidl(info), chanId, toAidl(selectResp));
+    simCb()->iccOpenLogicalChannelResponse(toAidl(info), chanId, toAidl(selectResp));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::iccTransmitApduBasicChannelResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                                 const V1_0::IccIoResult& result) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->iccTransmitApduBasicChannelResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(result));
+    simCb()->iccTransmitApduBasicChannelResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(result));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::iccTransmitApduLogicalChannelResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_0::IccIoResult& result) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->iccTransmitApduLogicalChannelResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(result));
+    simCb()->iccTransmitApduLogicalChannelResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(result));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::reportStkServiceIsRunningResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->reportStkServiceIsRunningResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->reportStkServiceIsRunningResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::requestIccSimAuthenticationResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                                 const V1_0::IccIoResult& result) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->requestIccSimAuthenticationResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(result));
+    simCb()->requestIccSimAuthenticationResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(result));
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -228,121 +208,105 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendEnvelopeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                  const hidl_string& commandResponse) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->sendEnvelopeResponse(toAidl(info), commandResponse);
+    simCb()->sendEnvelopeResponse(toAidl(info), commandResponse);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendEnvelopeWithStatusResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                            const V1_0::IccIoResult& iccIo) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->sendEnvelopeWithStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(iccIo));
+    simCb()->sendEnvelopeWithStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(iccIo));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendTerminalResponseToSimResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->sendTerminalResponseToSimResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->sendTerminalResponseToSimResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setAllowedCarriersResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t numAllowed) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial << ' ' << numAllowed;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setAllowedCarriersResponse_1_4(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setAllowedCarriersResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryptionResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryptionResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryptionResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setFacilityLockForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                           int32_t retry) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setFacilityLockForAppResponse(toAidl(info), retry);
+    simCb()->setFacilityLockForAppResponse(toAidl(info), retry);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSimCardPowerResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setSimCardPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setSimCardPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSimCardPowerResponse_1_1(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setSimCardPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setSimCardPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSimCardPowerResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setSimCardPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setSimCardPowerResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setUiccSubscriptionResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->setUiccSubscriptionResponse(toAidl(info));
+    simCb()->setUiccSubscriptionResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    simCb()->supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPinForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->supplyIccPinForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    simCb()->supplyIccPinForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPuk2ForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->supplyIccPuk2ForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    simCb()->supplyIccPuk2ForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPukForAppResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t remainingRetries) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->supplyIccPukForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
+    simCb()->supplyIccPukForAppResponse(toAidl(info), remainingRetries);
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -350,16 +314,14 @@
                                                                V1_5::PersoSubstate persoType,
                                                                int32_t rRet) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->supplySimDepersonalizationResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::PersoSubstate(persoType), rRet);
+    simCb()->supplySimDepersonalizationResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::PersoSubstate(persoType), rRet);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                               int32_t updatedRecordIndex) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mSimCb);
-    mSimCb->updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(toAidl(info), updatedRecordIndex);
+    simCb()->updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(toAidl(info), updatedRecordIndex);
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioSim.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioSim.cpp
index ca27918..b43f64f 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioSim.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/sim/RadioSim.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim;
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimResponse> RadioSim::respond() {
+    return mCallbackManager->response().simCb();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioSim::areUiccApplicationsEnabled(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     mHal1_5->areUiccApplicationsEnabled(serial);
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioSim::getAllowedCarriers(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getAllowedCarriers(serial);
+    mHal1_5->getAllowedCarriers_1_4(serial);
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->getSimPhonebookCapacity(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
+        respond()->getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->getSimPhonebookRecords(serial);
     } else {
-        respond().getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(notSupported(serial));
+        respond()->getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(notSupported(serial));
     }
     return ok();
 }
@@ -217,16 +221,10 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioSim::setResponseFunctions(
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimResponse>& simResponse,
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimIndication>& simIndication) {
-    LOG_CALL << simResponse << ' ' << simIndication;
-
-    CHECK(simResponse);
-    CHECK(simIndication);
-
-    mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(simResponse);
-    mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(simIndication);
-
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimResponse>& response,
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioSimIndication>& indication) {
+    LOG_CALL << response << ' ' << indication;
+    mCallbackManager->setResponseFunctions(response, indication);
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -287,7 +285,7 @@
     if (mHal1_6) {
         mHal1_6->updateSimPhonebookRecords(serial, toHidl(recordInfo));
     } else {
-        respond().updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(notSupported(serial), 0);
+        respond()->updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(notSupported(serial), 0);
     }
     return ok();
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioIndication-voice.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioIndication-voice.cpp
index 6d9bda8..359fce0 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioIndication-voice.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioIndication-voice.cpp
@@ -29,113 +29,102 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice;
 
 void RadioIndication::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceIndication> voiceCb) {
-    CHECK(voiceCb);
     mVoiceCb = voiceCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceIndication> RadioIndication::voiceCb() {
+    return mVoiceCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioIndication::callRing(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, bool isGsm,
                                        const V1_0::CdmaSignalInfoRecord& record) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->callRing(toAidl(type), isGsm, toAidl(record));
+    voiceCb()->callRing(toAidl(type), isGsm, toAidl(record));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::callStateChanged(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->callStateChanged(toAidl(type));
+    voiceCb()->callStateChanged(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaCallWaiting(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                               const V1_0::CdmaCallWaiting& callWaitingRecord) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->cdmaCallWaiting(toAidl(type), toAidl(callWaitingRecord));
+    voiceCb()->cdmaCallWaiting(toAidl(type), toAidl(callWaitingRecord));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaInfoRec(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                           const V1_0::CdmaInformationRecords& records) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->cdmaInfoRec(toAidl(type), toAidl(records.infoRec));
+    voiceCb()->cdmaInfoRec(toAidl(type), toAidl(records.infoRec));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::cdmaOtaProvisionStatus(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                      V1_0::CdmaOtaProvisionStatus status) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->cdmaOtaProvisionStatus(toAidl(type), aidl::CdmaOtaProvisionStatus(status));
+    voiceCb()->cdmaOtaProvisionStatus(toAidl(type), aidl::CdmaOtaProvisionStatus(status));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::currentEmergencyNumberList(
         V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, const hidl_vec<V1_4::EmergencyNumber>& emergencyNumbers) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->currentEmergencyNumberList(toAidl(type), toAidl(emergencyNumbers));
+    voiceCb()->currentEmergencyNumberList(toAidl(type), toAidl(emergencyNumbers));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::enterEmergencyCallbackMode(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->enterEmergencyCallbackMode(toAidl(type));
+    voiceCb()->enterEmergencyCallbackMode(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::exitEmergencyCallbackMode(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->exitEmergencyCallbackMode(toAidl(type));
+    voiceCb()->exitEmergencyCallbackMode(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::indicateRingbackTone(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, bool start) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->indicateRingbackTone(toAidl(type), start);
+    voiceCb()->indicateRingbackTone(toAidl(type), start);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::onSupplementaryServiceIndication(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                                const V1_0::StkCcUnsolSsResult& ss) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->onSupplementaryServiceIndication(toAidl(type), toAidl(ss));
+    voiceCb()->onSupplementaryServiceIndication(toAidl(type), toAidl(ss));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::resendIncallMute(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->resendIncallMute(toAidl(type));
+    voiceCb()->resendIncallMute(toAidl(type));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::srvccStateNotify(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                V1_0::SrvccState state) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->srvccStateNotify(toAidl(type), aidl::SrvccState(state));
+    voiceCb()->srvccStateNotify(toAidl(type), aidl::SrvccState(state));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::stkCallControlAlphaNotify(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type,
                                                         const hidl_string& alpha) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->stkCallControlAlphaNotify(toAidl(type), alpha);
+    voiceCb()->stkCallControlAlphaNotify(toAidl(type), alpha);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication::stkCallSetup(V1_0::RadioIndicationType type, int64_t timeout) {
     LOG_CALL << type;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->stkCallSetup(toAidl(type), timeout);
+    voiceCb()->stkCallSetup(toAidl(type), timeout);
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioResponse-voice.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioResponse-voice.cpp
index 0a64c56..d233548 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioResponse-voice.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioResponse-voice.cpp
@@ -29,265 +29,233 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice;
 
 void RadioResponse::setResponseFunction(std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceResponse> voiceCb) {
-    CHECK(voiceCb);
     mVoiceCb = voiceCb;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceResponse> RadioResponse::voiceCb() {
+    return mVoiceCb.get();
+}
+
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acceptCallResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->acceptCallResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->acceptCallResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::conferenceResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->conferenceResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->conferenceResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::dialResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->dialResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->dialResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::emergencyDialResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->emergencyDialResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->emergencyDialResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::exitEmergencyCallbackModeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->exitEmergencyCallbackModeResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->exitEmergencyCallbackModeResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::explicitCallTransferResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->explicitCallTransferResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->explicitCallTransferResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCallForwardStatusResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const hidl_vec<V1_0::CallForwardInfo>& callFwdInfos) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getCallForwardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(callFwdInfos));
+    voiceCb()->getCallForwardStatusResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(callFwdInfos));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCallWaitingResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, bool enable,
                                                    int32_t serviceClass) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getCallWaitingResponse(toAidl(info), enable, serviceClass);
+    voiceCb()->getCallWaitingResponse(toAidl(info), enable, serviceClass);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getClipResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                             V1_0::ClipStatus status) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getClipResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::ClipStatus(status));
+    voiceCb()->getClipResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::ClipStatus(status));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getClirResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t n,
                                             int32_t m) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getClirResponse(toAidl(info), n, m);
+    voiceCb()->getClirResponse(toAidl(info), n, m);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCurrentCallsResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                     const hidl_vec<V1_0::Call>& calls) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getCurrentCallsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(calls));
+    voiceCb()->getCurrentCallsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(calls));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCurrentCallsResponse_1_2(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         const hidl_vec<V1_2::Call>& calls) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getCurrentCallsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(calls));
+    voiceCb()->getCurrentCallsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(calls));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCurrentCallsResponse_1_6(const V1_6::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         const hidl_vec<V1_6::Call>& calls) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getCurrentCallsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(calls));
+    voiceCb()->getCurrentCallsResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(calls));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getLastCallFailCauseResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_0::LastCallFailCauseInfo& failCauseinfo) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getLastCallFailCauseResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(failCauseinfo));
+    voiceCb()->getLastCallFailCauseResponse(toAidl(info), toAidl(failCauseinfo));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getMuteResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info, bool enable) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getMuteResponse(toAidl(info), enable);
+    voiceCb()->getMuteResponse(toAidl(info), enable);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                              bool enable) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(toAidl(info), enable);
+    voiceCb()->getPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(toAidl(info), enable);
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getTTYModeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                V1_0::TtyMode mode) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->getTtyModeResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::TtyMode(mode));
+    voiceCb()->getTtyModeResponse(toAidl(info), aidl::TtyMode(mode));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSimResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSimResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSimResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::hangupConnectionResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->hangupConnectionResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->hangupConnectionResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::hangupForegroundResumeBackgroundResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->hangupForegroundResumeBackgroundResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->hangupForegroundResumeBackgroundResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::hangupWaitingOrBackgroundResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->hangupWaitingOrBackgroundResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->hangupWaitingOrBackgroundResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::rejectCallResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->rejectCallResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->rejectCallResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendBurstDtmfResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->sendBurstDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->sendBurstDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendCDMAFeatureCodeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->sendCdmaFeatureCodeResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->sendCdmaFeatureCodeResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendDtmfResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->sendDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->sendDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::separateConnectionResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->separateConnectionResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->separateConnectionResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCallForwardResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->setCallForwardResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->setCallForwardResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCallWaitingResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->setCallWaitingResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->setCallWaitingResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setClirResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->setClirResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->setClirResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setMuteResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->setMuteResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->setMuteResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->setPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->setPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setTTYModeResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->setTtyModeResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->setTtyModeResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startDtmfResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->startDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->startDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::stopDtmfResponse(const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->stopDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->stopDtmfResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActiveResponse(
         const V1_0::RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     LOG_CALL << info.serial;
-    CHECK_CB(mVoiceCb);
-    mVoiceCb->switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActiveResponse(toAidl(info));
+    voiceCb()->switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActiveResponse(toAidl(info));
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioVoice.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioVoice.cpp
index 16c6b14..7b1d1fa 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioVoice.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/voice/RadioVoice.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@
 namespace aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice;
 constexpr auto ok = &ScopedAStatus::ok;
 
+std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceResponse> RadioVoice::respond() {
+    return mCallbackManager->response().voiceCb();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioVoice::acceptCall(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     mHal1_5->acceptCall(serial);
@@ -49,13 +53,19 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioVoice::emergencyDial(  //
-        int32_t serial, const aidl::Dial& dialInfo, aidl::EmergencyServiceCategory categories,
+        int32_t serial, const aidl::Dial& info, aidl::EmergencyServiceCategory categories,
         const std::vector<std::string>& urns, aidl::EmergencyCallRouting routing,
-        bool hasKnownUserIntentEmerg, bool isTesting) {
+        bool knownUserIntentEmerg, bool isTesting) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->emergencyDial(serial, toHidl(dialInfo),
-                           toHidlBitfield<V1_4::EmergencyServiceCategory>(categories), toHidl(urns),
-                           V1_4::EmergencyCallRouting(routing), hasKnownUserIntentEmerg, isTesting);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->emergencyDial_1_6(  //
+                serial, toHidl(info), toHidlBitfield<V1_4::EmergencyServiceCategory>(categories),
+                toHidl(urns), V1_4::EmergencyCallRouting(routing), knownUserIntentEmerg, isTesting);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->emergencyDial(  //
+                serial, toHidl(info), toHidlBitfield<V1_4::EmergencyServiceCategory>(categories),
+                toHidl(urns), V1_4::EmergencyCallRouting(routing), knownUserIntentEmerg, isTesting);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -98,7 +108,11 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioVoice::getCurrentCalls(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    mHal1_5->getCurrentCalls(serial);
+    if (mHal1_6) {
+        mHal1_6->getCurrentCalls_1_6(serial);
+    } else {
+        mHal1_5->getCurrentCalls(serial);
+    }
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -152,7 +166,7 @@
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioVoice::isVoNrEnabled(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    // TODO(b/203699028): can't call isVoNrEnabledResponse with 1.6 callback
+    respond()->isVoNrEnabledResponse(notSupported(serial), false);
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -224,16 +238,10 @@
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus RadioVoice::setResponseFunctions(
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceResponse>& voiceResponse,
-        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceIndication>& voiceIndication) {
-    LOG_CALL << voiceResponse << ' ' << voiceIndication;
-
-    CHECK(voiceResponse);
-    CHECK(voiceIndication);
-
-    mRadioResponse->setResponseFunction(voiceResponse);
-    mRadioIndication->setResponseFunction(voiceIndication);
-
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceResponse>& response,
+        const std::shared_ptr<aidl::IRadioVoiceIndication>& indication) {
+    LOG_CALL << response << ' ' << indication;
+    mCallbackManager->setResponseFunctions(response, indication);
     return ok();
 }
 
@@ -245,7 +253,8 @@
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoice::setVoNrEnabled(int32_t serial, [[maybe_unused]] bool enable) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
-    // TODO(b/203699028): should set `persist.radio.is_vonr_enabled_` property instead
+    // Note: a workaround for older HALs could also be setting persist.radio.is_vonr_enabled_
+    respond()->setVoNrEnabledResponse(notSupported(serial));
     return ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/service/service.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/service/service.cpp
index 6bcd4b0..8af05de 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/service/service.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/service/service.cpp
@@ -19,13 +19,12 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioConfig.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioData.h>
-#include <libradiocompat/RadioIndication.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioMessaging.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioModem.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h>
-#include <libradiocompat/RadioResponse.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioSim.h>
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioVoice.h>
 
@@ -36,9 +35,8 @@
 static std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ndk::ICInterface>> gPublishedHals;
 
 template <typename T>
-static void publishRadioHal(std::shared_ptr<compat::DriverContext> context,
-                            sp<V1_5::IRadio> hidlHal, sp<compat::RadioResponse> responseCb,
-                            sp<compat::RadioIndication> indicationCb, const std::string& slot) {
+static void publishRadioHal(std::shared_ptr<compat::DriverContext> ctx, sp<V1_5::IRadio> hidlHal,
+                            std::shared_ptr<compat::CallbackManager> cm, const std::string& slot) {
     const auto instance = T::descriptor + "/"s + slot;
     if (!AServiceManager_isDeclared(instance.c_str())) {
         LOG(INFO) << instance << " is not declared in VINTF (this may be intentional)";
@@ -46,7 +44,7 @@
     }
     LOG(DEBUG) << "Publishing " << instance;
 
-    auto aidlHal = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<T>(context, hidlHal, responseCb, indicationCb);
+    auto aidlHal = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<T>(ctx, hidlHal, cm);
     gPublishedHals.push_back(aidlHal);
     const auto status = AServiceManager_addService(aidlHal->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
     CHECK_EQ(status, STATUS_OK);
@@ -59,17 +57,14 @@
     hidl_utils::linkDeathToDeath(radioHidl);
 
     auto context = std::make_shared<compat::DriverContext>();
+    auto callbackMgr = std::make_shared<compat::CallbackManager>(context, radioHidl);
 
-    auto responseCb = sp<compat::RadioResponse>::make(context);
-    auto indicationCb = sp<compat::RadioIndication>::make(context);
-    radioHidl->setResponseFunctions(responseCb, indicationCb).assertOk();
-
-    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioData>(context, radioHidl, responseCb, indicationCb, slot);
-    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioMessaging>(context, radioHidl, responseCb, indicationCb, slot);
-    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioModem>(context, radioHidl, responseCb, indicationCb, slot);
-    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioNetwork>(context, radioHidl, responseCb, indicationCb, slot);
-    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioSim>(context, radioHidl, responseCb, indicationCb, slot);
-    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioVoice>(context, radioHidl, responseCb, indicationCb, slot);
+    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioData>(context, radioHidl, callbackMgr, slot);
+    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioMessaging>(context, radioHidl, callbackMgr, slot);
+    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioModem>(context, radioHidl, callbackMgr, slot);
+    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioNetwork>(context, radioHidl, callbackMgr, slot);
+    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioSim>(context, radioHidl, callbackMgr, slot);
+    publishRadioHal<compat::RadioVoice>(context, radioHidl, callbackMgr, slot);
 }
 
 static void publishRadioConfig() {
@@ -86,6 +81,7 @@
 }
 
 static void main() {
+    base::InitLogging(nullptr, base::LogdLogger(base::RADIO));
     base::SetDefaultTag("radiocompat");
     base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(base::VERBOSE);
     LOG(DEBUG) << "Radio HAL compat service starting...";
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935d2e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalRadioTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "radio_aidl_hal_utils.cpp",
+        "radio_data_indication.cpp",
+        "radio_data_response.cpp",
+        "radio_data_test.cpp",
+        "radio_messaging_indication.cpp",
+        "radio_messaging_response.cpp",
+        "radio_messaging_test.cpp",
+        "radio_modem_indication.cpp",
+        "radio_modem_response.cpp",
+        "radio_modem_test.cpp",
+        "radio_network_indication.cpp",
+        "radio_network_response.cpp",
+        "radio_network_test.cpp",
+        "radio_sim_indication.cpp",
+        "radio_sim_response.cpp",
+        "radio_sim_test.cpp",
+        "radio_voice_indication.cpp",
+        "radio_voice_response.cpp",
+        "radio_voice_test.cpp",
+        "VtsHalRadioTargetTest.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libvintf",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.radio-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.config-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.data-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.messaging-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.modem-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.network-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.sim-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.radio.voice-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    // TODO(b/210712359): enable after b/207695009 is resolved.
+    //test_suites: [
+    //    "general-tests",
+    //    "vts",
+    //],
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/VtsHalRadioTargetTest.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/VtsHalRadioTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e829f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/VtsHalRadioTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+#include "radio_data_utils.h"
+#include "radio_messaging_utils.h"
+#include "radio_modem_utils.h"
+#include "radio_network_utils.h"
+#include "radio_sim_utils.h"
+#include "radio_voice_utils.h"
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(RadioDataTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, RadioDataTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRadioData::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(RadioMessagingTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, RadioMessagingTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRadioMessaging::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(RadioModemTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, RadioModemTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRadioModem::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(RadioNetworkTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, RadioNetworkTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRadioNetwork::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(RadioSimTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerInstance, RadioSimTest,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRadioSim::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(RadioVoiceTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, RadioVoiceTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRadioVoice::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_aidl_hal_utils.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_aidl_hal_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a16c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_aidl_hal_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "RadioTest"
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include "VtsCoreUtil.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::network;
+
+#define WAIT_TIMEOUT_PERIOD 75
+
+aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::CardStatus cardStatus = {};
+
+int GetRandomSerialNumber() {
+    return rand();
+}
+
+::testing::AssertionResult CheckAnyOfErrors(RadioError err, std::vector<RadioError> errors,
+                                            CheckFlag flag) {
+    const static std::vector<RadioError> generalErrors = {
+            RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,   RadioError::NO_MEMORY,
+            RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR,          RadioError::SYSTEM_ERR,
+            RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::CANCELLED};
+    if (flag == CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR || flag == CHECK_OEM_AND_GENERAL_ERROR) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < generalErrors.size(); i++) {
+            if (err == generalErrors[i]) {
+                return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (flag == CHECK_OEM_ERROR || flag == CHECK_OEM_AND_GENERAL_ERROR) {
+        if (err >= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_1 && err <= RadioError::OEM_ERROR_25) {
+            return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+        }
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < errors.size(); i++) {
+        if (err == errors[i]) {
+            return testing::AssertionSuccess();
+        }
+    }
+    return testing::AssertionFailure() << "RadioError:" + toString(err) + " is returned";
+}
+
+// Runs "pm list features" and attempts to find the specified feature in its output.
+bool deviceSupportsFeature(const char* feature) {
+    bool hasFeature = false;
+    FILE* p = popen("/system/bin/pm list features", "re");
+    if (p) {
+        char* line = NULL;
+        size_t len = 0;
+        while (getline(&line, &len, p) > 0) {
+            if (strstr(line, feature)) {
+                hasFeature = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        pclose(p);
+    } else {
+        __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, LOG_TAG, "popen failed: %d", errno);
+        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, "Feature %s: %ssupported", feature,
+                        hasFeature ? "" : "not ");
+    return hasFeature;
+}
+
+bool isSsSsEnabled() {
+    // Do not use checkSubstringInCommandOutput("getprop persist.radio.multisim.config", "")
+    // until b/148904287 is fixed. We need exact matching instead of partial matching. (i.e.
+    // by definition the empty string "" is a substring of any string).
+    return !isDsDsEnabled() && !isTsTsEnabled();
+}
+
+bool isDsDsEnabled() {
+    return testing::checkSubstringInCommandOutput("getprop persist.radio.multisim.config", "dsds");
+}
+
+bool isTsTsEnabled() {
+    return testing::checkSubstringInCommandOutput("getprop persist.radio.multisim.config", "tsts");
+}
+
+bool isVoiceInService(RegState state) {
+    return RegState::REG_HOME == state || RegState::REG_ROAMING == state;
+}
+
+bool isVoiceEmergencyOnly(RegState state) {
+    return RegState::NOT_REG_MT_NOT_SEARCHING_OP_EM == state ||
+           RegState::NOT_REG_MT_SEARCHING_OP_EM == state || RegState::REG_DENIED_EM == state ||
+           RegState::UNKNOWN_EM == state;
+}
+
+bool isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(std::string& serviceName) {
+    if (isSsSsEnabled()) {
+        // Device is configured as SSSS.
+        if (serviceName != RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT1_NAME) {
+            ALOGI("%s instance is not valid for SSSS device.", serviceName.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if (isDsDsEnabled()) {
+        // Device is configured as DSDS.
+        if (serviceName != RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT1_NAME && serviceName != RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT2_NAME) {
+            ALOGI("%s instance is not valid for DSDS device.", serviceName.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+    } else if (isTsTsEnabled()) {
+        // Device is configured as TSTS.
+        if (serviceName != RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT1_NAME && serviceName != RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT2_NAME &&
+            serviceName != RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT3_NAME) {
+            ALOGI("%s instance is not valid for TSTS device.", serviceName.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Notify that the response message is received.
+ */
+void RadioResponseWaiter::notify(int receivedSerial) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+    if (serial == receivedSerial) {
+        count_++;
+        cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wait till the response message is notified or till WAIT_TIMEOUT_PERIOD.
+ */
+std::cv_status RadioResponseWaiter::wait() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+    std::cv_status status = std::cv_status::no_timeout;
+    auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    while (count_ == 0) {
+        status = cv_.wait_until(lock, now + std::chrono::seconds(WAIT_TIMEOUT_PERIOD));
+        if (status == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            return status;
+        }
+    }
+    count_--;
+    return status;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Specific features on the Radio HAL rely on Radio HAL Capabilities.
+ * The VTS test related to those features must not run if the related capability is disabled.
+ * Typical usage within VTS: if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) return;
+ */
+bool RadioResponseWaiter::getRadioHalCapabilities() {
+    // TODO(b/210712359): implement after RadioConfig VTS is created
+    /**
+    // Get HalDeviceCapabilities from the radio config
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioConfigResponse> radioConfigRsp = new (std::nothrow)
+    RadioConfigResponse(*this); radioConfig->setResponseFunctions(radioConfigRsp, nullptr); serial =
+    GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    radioConfig->getHalDeviceCapabilities(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    return radioConfigRsp->modemReducedFeatureSet1;
+    **/
+    return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_aidl_hal_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_aidl_hal_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f31fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_aidl_hal_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/RadioError.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/RegState.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/CardStatus.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio;
+using aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::CardStatus;
+
+extern CardStatus cardStatus;
+
+/*
+ * MACRO used to skip test case when radio response return error REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED
+ * on HAL versions which has deprecated the request interfaces. The MACRO can only be used
+ * AFTER receiving radio response.
+ */
+#define SKIP_TEST_IF_REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED_WITH_HAL(__ver__, __radio__, __radioRsp__)      \
+    do {                                                                                   \
+        sp<::android::hardware::radio::V##__ver__::IRadio> __radio =                       \
+                ::android::hardware::radio::V##__ver__::IRadio::castFrom(__radio__);       \
+        if (__radio && __radioRsp__->rspInfo.error == RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED) { \
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED";                                       \
+        }                                                                                  \
+    } while (0)
+
+enum CheckFlag {
+    CHECK_DEFAULT = 0,
+    CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR = 1,
+    CHECK_OEM_ERROR = 2,
+    CHECK_OEM_AND_GENERAL_ERROR = 3,
+    CHECK_SAP_ERROR = 4,
+};
+
+static constexpr const char* FEATURE_VOICE_CALL = "android.software.connectionservice";
+
+static constexpr const char* FEATURE_TELEPHONY = "android.hardware.telephony";
+
+static constexpr const char* FEATURE_TELEPHONY_GSM = "android.hardware.telephony.gsm";
+
+static constexpr const char* FEATURE_TELEPHONY_CDMA = "android.hardware.telephony.cdma";
+
+#define MODEM_EMERGENCY_CALL_ESTABLISH_TIME 3
+#define MODEM_EMERGENCY_CALL_DISCONNECT_TIME 3
+#define MODEM_SET_SIM_POWER_DELAY_IN_SECONDS 2
+
+#define RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT1_NAME "slot1"  // HAL instance name for SIM slot 1 or single SIM device
+#define RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT2_NAME "slot2"  // HAL instance name for SIM slot 2 on dual SIM device
+#define RADIO_SERVICE_SLOT3_NAME "slot3"  // HAL instance name for SIM slot 3 on triple SIM device
+
+/*
+ * Generate random serial number for radio test
+ */
+int GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+/*
+ * Check multiple radio error codes which are possibly returned because of the different
+ * vendor/devices implementations. It allows optional checks for general errors or/and oem errors.
+ */
+::testing::AssertionResult CheckAnyOfErrors(RadioError err, std::vector<RadioError> generalError,
+                                            CheckFlag flag = CHECK_DEFAULT);
+
+/*
+ * Check if device supports feature.
+ */
+bool deviceSupportsFeature(const char* feature);
+
+/*
+ * Check if device is in SsSs (Single SIM Single Standby).
+ */
+bool isSsSsEnabled();
+
+/*
+ * Check if device is in DSDS (Dual SIM Dual Standby).
+ */
+bool isDsDsEnabled();
+
+/*
+ * Check if device is in TSTS (Triple SIM Triple Standby).
+ */
+bool isTsTsEnabled();
+
+/*
+ * Check if voice status is in emergency only.
+ */
+bool isVoiceEmergencyOnly(aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::RegState state);
+
+/*
+ * Check if voice status is in service.
+ */
+bool isVoiceInService(aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::RegState state);
+
+/*
+ * Check if service is valid for device configuration
+ */
+bool isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(std::string& serviceName);
+
+/**
+ * Used when waiting for an asynchronous response from the HAL.
+ */
+class RadioResponseWaiter {
+  protected:
+    std::mutex mtx_;
+    std::condition_variable cv_;
+    int count_;
+
+  public:
+    /* Serial number for radio request */
+    int serial;
+
+    /* Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callback */
+    void notify(int receivedSerial);
+
+    /* Test code calls this function to wait for response */
+    std::cv_status wait();
+
+    // TODO(b/210712359): this probably isn't the best place to put this, but it works for now
+    //  since all RadioXTest extend RadioResponseWaiter
+    /* Used to get the radio HAL capabilities */
+    bool getRadioHalCapabilities();
+};
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_indication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e02fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_indication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_data_utils.h"
+
+RadioDataIndication::RadioDataIndication(RadioDataTest& parent) : parent_data(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataIndication::dataCallListChanged(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const std::vector<SetupDataCallResult>& /*dcList*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataIndication::keepaliveStatus(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                        const KeepaliveStatus& /*status*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataIndication::pcoData(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                const PcoDataInfo& /*pco*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataIndication::unthrottleApn(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                      const DataProfileInfo& /*dataProfileInfo*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..682ddfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_data_utils.h"
+
+RadioDataResponse::RadioDataResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent) : parent_data(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t /*serial*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::allocatePduSessionIdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                   int32_t id) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    allocatedPduSessionId = id;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::cancelHandoverResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::deactivateDataCallResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::getDataCallListResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<SetupDataCallResult>& /*dcResponse*/) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::getSlicingConfigResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const SlicingConfig& /*slicingConfig*/) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::releasePduSessionIdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::setDataAllowedResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::setDataProfileResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::setDataThrottlingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::setInitialAttachApnResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::setupDataCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                            const SetupDataCallResult& dcResponse) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    setupDataCallResult = dcResponse;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::startHandoverResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_data.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::startKeepaliveResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                             const KeepaliveStatus& /*status*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataResponse::stopKeepaliveResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbf0eb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "radio_data_utils.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
+
+void RadioDataTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string serviceName = GetParam();
+
+    if (!isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(serviceName)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test due to device configuration.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    radio_data = IRadioData::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_data.get());
+
+    radioRsp_data = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioDataResponse>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioRsp_data.get());
+
+    count_ = 0;
+
+    radioInd_data = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioDataIndication>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioInd_data.get());
+
+    radio_data->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_data, radioInd_data);
+
+    // Assert IRadioConfig exists before testing
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
+            aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(
+                            "android.hardware.radio.config.IRadioConfig/default")));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioDataTest::getDataCallList() {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_data->getDataCallList(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioData.setupDataCall() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioDataTest, setupDataCall) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    AccessNetwork accessNetwork = AccessNetwork::EUTRAN;
+
+    DataProfileInfo dataProfileInfo;
+    memset(&dataProfileInfo, 0, sizeof(dataProfileInfo));
+    dataProfileInfo.profileId = DataProfileInfo::ID_DEFAULT;
+    dataProfileInfo.apn = std::string("internet");
+    dataProfileInfo.protocol = PdpProtocolType::IP;
+    dataProfileInfo.roamingProtocol = PdpProtocolType::IP;
+    dataProfileInfo.authType = ApnAuthType::NO_PAP_NO_CHAP;
+    dataProfileInfo.user = std::string("username");
+    dataProfileInfo.password = std::string("password");
+    dataProfileInfo.type = DataProfileInfo::TYPE_THREE_GPP;
+    dataProfileInfo.maxConnsTime = 300;
+    dataProfileInfo.maxConns = 20;
+    dataProfileInfo.waitTime = 0;
+    dataProfileInfo.enabled = true;
+    // TODO(b/210712359): 320 was the previous value; need to support bitmaps
+    dataProfileInfo.supportedApnTypesBitmap = ApnTypes::DEFAULT;
+    // TODO(b/210712359): 161543 was the previous value; need to support bitmaps
+    dataProfileInfo.bearerBitmap = RadioAccessFamily::LTE;
+    dataProfileInfo.mtuV4 = 0;
+    dataProfileInfo.mtuV6 = 0;
+    dataProfileInfo.preferred = true;
+    dataProfileInfo.persistent = false;
+
+    bool roamingAllowed = false;
+
+    std::vector<LinkAddress> addresses = {};
+    std::vector<std::string> dnses = {};
+
+    DataRequestReason reason = DataRequestReason::NORMAL;
+    SliceInfo sliceInfo;
+    bool matchAllRuleAllowed = true;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res =
+            radio_data->setupDataCall(serial, accessNetwork, dataProfileInfo, roamingAllowed,
+                                      reason, addresses, dnses, -1, sliceInfo, matchAllRuleAllowed);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW}));
+    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW}));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioData.setupDataCall() with osAppId for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioDataTest, setupDataCall_osAppId) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    AccessNetwork accessNetwork = AccessNetwork::EUTRAN;
+
+    TrafficDescriptor trafficDescriptor;
+    OsAppId osAppId;
+    std::string osAppIdString("osAppId");
+    // TODO(b/210712359): there should be a cleaner way to convert this
+    std::vector<unsigned char> output(osAppIdString.length());
+    std::transform(osAppIdString.begin(), osAppIdString.end(), output.begin(),
+                   [](char c) { return static_cast<unsigned char>(c); });
+    osAppId.osAppId = output;
+    trafficDescriptor.osAppId = osAppId;
+
+    DataProfileInfo dataProfileInfo;
+    memset(&dataProfileInfo, 0, sizeof(dataProfileInfo));
+    dataProfileInfo.profileId = DataProfileInfo::ID_DEFAULT;
+    dataProfileInfo.apn = std::string("internet");
+    dataProfileInfo.protocol = PdpProtocolType::IP;
+    dataProfileInfo.roamingProtocol = PdpProtocolType::IP;
+    dataProfileInfo.authType = ApnAuthType::NO_PAP_NO_CHAP;
+    dataProfileInfo.user = std::string("username");
+    dataProfileInfo.password = std::string("password");
+    dataProfileInfo.type = DataProfileInfo::TYPE_THREE_GPP;
+    dataProfileInfo.maxConnsTime = 300;
+    dataProfileInfo.maxConns = 20;
+    dataProfileInfo.waitTime = 0;
+    dataProfileInfo.enabled = true;
+    // TODO(b/210712359): 320 was the previous value; need to support bitmaps
+    dataProfileInfo.supportedApnTypesBitmap = ApnTypes::DEFAULT;
+    // TODO(b/210712359): 161543 was the previous value; need to support bitmaps
+    dataProfileInfo.bearerBitmap = RadioAccessFamily::LTE;
+    dataProfileInfo.mtuV4 = 0;
+    dataProfileInfo.mtuV6 = 0;
+    dataProfileInfo.preferred = true;
+    dataProfileInfo.persistent = false;
+    dataProfileInfo.trafficDescriptor = trafficDescriptor;
+
+    bool roamingAllowed = false;
+
+    std::vector<LinkAddress> addresses = {};
+    std::vector<std::string> dnses = {};
+
+    DataRequestReason reason = DataRequestReason::NORMAL;
+    SliceInfo sliceInfo;
+    bool matchAllRuleAllowed = true;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res =
+            radio_data->setupDataCall(serial, accessNetwork, dataProfileInfo, roamingAllowed,
+                                      reason, addresses, dnses, -1, sliceInfo, matchAllRuleAllowed);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW}));
+    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW}));
+        if (radioRsp_data->setupDataCallResult.trafficDescriptors.size() <= 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(trafficDescriptor.osAppId.value().osAppId,
+                  radioRsp_data->setupDataCallResult.trafficDescriptors[0].osAppId.value().osAppId);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioData.getSlicingConfig() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioDataTest, getSlicingConfig) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_data->getSlicingConfig(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::MODEM_ERR}));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioData.setDataThrottling() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioDataTest, setDataThrottling) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res = radio_data->setDataThrottling(
+            serial, DataThrottlingAction::THROTTLE_SECONDARY_CARRIER, 60000);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NONE}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                                      RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
+    }
+
+    sleep(1);
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    res = radio_data->setDataThrottling(serial, DataThrottlingAction::THROTTLE_ANCHOR_CARRIER,
+                                        60000);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NONE}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                                      RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
+    }
+
+    sleep(1);
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    res = radio_data->setDataThrottling(serial, DataThrottlingAction::HOLD, 60000);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NONE}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                                      RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
+    }
+
+    sleep(1);
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    res = radio_data->setDataThrottling(serial, DataThrottlingAction::NO_DATA_THROTTLING, 60000);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_data->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NONE}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_data->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                                      RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
+    }
+
+    sleep(1);
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ada8ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_data_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/BnRadioDataIndication.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/BnRadioDataResponse.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/IRadioData.h>
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::data;
+using aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::CardStatus;
+
+class RadioDataTest;
+
+/* Callback class for radio data response */
+class RadioDataResponse : public BnRadioDataResponse {
+  protected:
+    RadioResponseWaiter& parent_data;
+
+  public:
+    RadioDataResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent_data);
+    virtual ~RadioDataResponse() = default;
+
+    RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
+    int32_t allocatedPduSessionId;
+    SetupDataCallResult setupDataCallResult;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus allocatePduSessionIdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                            int32_t id) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cancelHandoverResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus deactivateDataCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getDataCallListResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+            const std::vector<SetupDataCallResult>& dcResponse) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getSlicingConfigResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const SlicingConfig& slicingConfig) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus releasePduSessionIdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setDataAllowedResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setDataProfileResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setDataThrottlingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setInitialAttachApnResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setupDataCallResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const SetupDataCallResult& dcResponse) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus startHandoverResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus startKeepaliveResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                      const KeepaliveStatus& status) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stopKeepaliveResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+};
+
+/* Callback class for radio data indication */
+class RadioDataIndication : public BnRadioDataIndication {
+  protected:
+    RadioDataTest& parent_data;
+
+  public:
+    RadioDataIndication(RadioDataTest& parent_data);
+    virtual ~RadioDataIndication() = default;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus dataCallListChanged(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const std::vector<SetupDataCallResult>& dcList) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus keepaliveStatus(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                               const KeepaliveStatus& status) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus pcoData(RadioIndicationType type, const PcoDataInfo& pco) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus unthrottleApn(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                             const DataProfileInfo& dataProfile) override;
+};
+
+// The main test class for Radio AIDL Data.
+class RadioDataTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>, public RadioResponseWaiter {
+  protected:
+    /* Get current data call list */
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDataCallList();
+
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override;
+
+    /* radio data service handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<IRadioData> radio_data;
+    /* radio data response handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioDataResponse> radioRsp_data;
+    /* radio data indication handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioDataIndication> radioInd_data;
+};
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_indication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eeb266
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_indication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_messaging_utils.h"
+
+RadioMessagingIndication::RadioMessagingIndication(RadioMessagingTest& parent)
+    : parent_messaging(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::cdmaNewSms(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                        const CdmaSmsMessage& /*msg*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::cdmaRuimSmsStorageFull(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::newBroadcastSms(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                             const std::vector<uint8_t>& /*data*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::newSms(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& /*pdu*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::newSmsOnSim(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                         int32_t /*recordNumber*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::newSmsStatusReport(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const std::vector<uint8_t>& /*pdu*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::onUssd(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                    UssdModeType /*modeType*/,
+                                                    const std::string& /*msg*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingIndication::simSmsStorageFull(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d73278f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_messaging_utils.h"
+
+RadioMessagingResponse::RadioMessagingResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent)
+    : parent_messaging(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPduResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSmsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSmsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t /*serial*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::cancelPendingUssdResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::deleteSmsOnRuimResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::deleteSmsOnSimResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::getCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+        const std::vector<CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& /*configs*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::getGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+        const std::vector<GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& /*configs*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::getSmscAddressResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                  const std::string& /*smsc*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::reportSmsMemoryStatusResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const SendSmsResult& sms) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    sendSmsResult = sms;
+    parent_messaging.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::sendCdmaSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                               const SendSmsResult& sms) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    sendSmsResult = sms;
+    parent_messaging.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::sendImsSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                              const SendSmsResult& /*sms*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::sendSmsExpectMoreResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                     const SendSmsResult& sms) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    sendSmsResult = sms;
+    parent_messaging.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::sendSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                           const SendSmsResult& sms) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    sendSmsResult = sms;
+    parent_messaging.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::sendUssdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::setCdmaBroadcastActivationResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::setCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::setGsmBroadcastActivationResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::setGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::setSmscAddressResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::writeSmsToRuimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                  int32_t /*index*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioMessagingResponse::writeSmsToSimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                 int32_t /*index*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58aeaab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+
+#include "radio_messaging_utils.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
+
+void RadioMessagingTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string serviceName = GetParam();
+
+    if (!isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(serviceName)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test due to device configuration.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    radio_messaging = IRadioMessaging::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_messaging.get());
+
+    radioRsp_messaging = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioMessagingResponse>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioRsp_messaging.get());
+
+    count_ = 0;
+
+    radioInd_messaging = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioMessagingIndication>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioInd_messaging.get());
+
+    radio_messaging->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_messaging, radioInd_messaging);
+
+    // Assert IRadioConfig exists before testing
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
+            aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(
+                            "android.hardware.radio.config.IRadioConfig/default")));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioMessaging.sendSms() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioMessagingTest, sendSms) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "sendSms";
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    GsmSmsMessage msg;
+    msg.smscPdu = "";
+    msg.pdu = "01000b916105770203f3000006d4f29c3e9b01";
+
+    radio_messaging->sendSms(serial, msg);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, radioRsp_messaging->sendSmsResult.errorCode);
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "sendSms finished";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioMessaging.sendSmsExpectMore() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioMessagingTest, sendSmsExpectMore) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "sendSmsExpectMore";
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    GsmSmsMessage msg;
+    msg.smscPdu = "";
+    msg.pdu = "01000b916105770203f3000006d4f29c3e9b01";
+
+    radio_messaging->sendSmsExpectMore(serial, msg);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "sendSmsExpectMore finished";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioMessaging.sendCdmaSms() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioMessagingTest, sendCdmaSms) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "sendCdmaSms";
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
+    CdmaSmsAddress cdmaSmsAddress;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.digitMode = CdmaSmsAddress::DIGIT_MODE_FOUR_BIT;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.isNumberModeDataNetwork = false;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.numberType = CdmaSmsAddress::NUMBER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.numberPlan = CdmaSmsAddress::NUMBER_PLAN_UNKNOWN;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.digits = (std::vector<uint8_t>){11, 1, 6, 5, 10, 7, 7, 2, 10, 3, 10, 3};
+
+    // Create a CdmaSmsSubAddress
+    CdmaSmsSubaddress cdmaSmsSubaddress;
+    cdmaSmsSubaddress.subaddressType = CdmaSmsSubaddress::SUBADDRESS_TYPE_NSAP;
+    cdmaSmsSubaddress.odd = false;
+    cdmaSmsSubaddress.digits = (std::vector<uint8_t>){};
+
+    // Create a CdmaSmsMessage
+    CdmaSmsMessage cdmaSmsMessage;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.teleserviceId = 4098;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.isServicePresent = false;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.serviceCategory = 0;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.address = cdmaSmsAddress;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.subAddress = cdmaSmsSubaddress;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.bearerData =
+            (std::vector<uint8_t>){15, 0, 3, 32, 3, 16, 1, 8, 16, 53, 76, 68, 6, 51, 106, 0};
+
+    radio_messaging->sendCdmaSms(serial, cdmaSmsMessage);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "sendCdmaSms finished";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioMessaging.sendCdmaSmsExpectMore() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioMessagingTest, sendCdmaSmsExpectMore) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
+    CdmaSmsAddress cdmaSmsAddress;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.digitMode = CdmaSmsAddress::DIGIT_MODE_FOUR_BIT;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.isNumberModeDataNetwork = false;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.numberType = CdmaSmsAddress::NUMBER_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.numberPlan = CdmaSmsAddress::NUMBER_PLAN_UNKNOWN;
+    cdmaSmsAddress.digits = (std::vector<uint8_t>){11, 1, 6, 5, 10, 7, 7, 2, 10, 3, 10, 3};
+
+    // Create a CdmaSmsSubAddress
+    CdmaSmsSubaddress cdmaSmsSubaddress;
+    cdmaSmsSubaddress.subaddressType = CdmaSmsSubaddress::SUBADDRESS_TYPE_NSAP;
+    cdmaSmsSubaddress.odd = false;
+    cdmaSmsSubaddress.digits = (std::vector<uint8_t>){};
+
+    // Create a CdmaSmsMessage
+    CdmaSmsMessage cdmaSmsMessage;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.teleserviceId = 4098;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.isServicePresent = false;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.serviceCategory = 0;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.address = cdmaSmsAddress;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.subAddress = cdmaSmsSubaddress;
+    cdmaSmsMessage.bearerData =
+            (std::vector<uint8_t>){15, 0, 3, 32, 3, 16, 1, 8, 16, 53, 76, 68, 6, 51, 106, 0};
+
+    radio_messaging->sendCdmaSmsExpectMore(serial, cdmaSmsMessage);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_messaging->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT},
+                CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96cde08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_messaging_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/messaging/BnRadioMessagingIndication.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/messaging/BnRadioMessagingResponse.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/messaging/IRadioMessaging.h>
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::messaging;
+
+class RadioMessagingTest;
+
+/* Callback class for radio messaging response */
+class RadioMessagingResponse : public BnRadioMessagingResponse {
+  protected:
+    RadioResponseWaiter& parent_messaging;
+
+  public:
+    RadioMessagingResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent_messaging);
+    virtual ~RadioMessagingResponse() = default;
+
+    RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
+    SendSmsResult sendSmsResult;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPduResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSmsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSmsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cancelPendingUssdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus deleteSmsOnRuimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus deleteSmsOnSimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+            const std::vector<CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& configs) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+            const std::vector<GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& configs) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getSmscAddressResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                      const std::string& smsc) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus reportSmsMemoryStatusResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendCdmaSmsExpectMoreResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                             const SendSmsResult& sms) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendCdmaSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                   const SendSmsResult& sms) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendImsSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                  const SendSmsResult& sms) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendSmsExpectMoreResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                         const SendSmsResult& sms) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                               const SendSmsResult& sms) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendUssdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCdmaBroadcastActivationResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setGsmBroadcastActivationResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setSmscAddressResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus writeSmsToRuimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                      int32_t index) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus writeSmsToSimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                     int32_t index) override;
+};
+
+/* Callback class for radio messaging indication */
+class RadioMessagingIndication : public BnRadioMessagingIndication {
+  protected:
+    RadioMessagingTest& parent_messaging;
+
+  public:
+    RadioMessagingIndication(RadioMessagingTest& parent_messaging);
+    virtual ~RadioMessagingIndication() = default;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaNewSms(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                          const CdmaSmsMessage& msg) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaRuimSmsStorageFull(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus newBroadcastSms(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                               const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus newSms(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                      const std::vector<uint8_t>& pdu) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus newSmsOnSim(RadioIndicationType type, int32_t recordNumber) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus newSmsStatusReport(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& pdu) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus onUssd(RadioIndicationType type, UssdModeType modeType,
+                                      const std::string& msg) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus simSmsStorageFull(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+};
+
+// The main test class for Radio AIDL Messaging.
+class RadioMessagingTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>,
+                           public RadioResponseWaiter {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override;
+
+    /* radio messaging service handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<IRadioMessaging> radio_messaging;
+    /* radio messaging response handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioMessagingResponse> radioRsp_messaging;
+    /* radio messaging indication handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioMessagingIndication> radioInd_messaging;
+};
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_indication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17f37a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_indication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_modem_utils.h"
+
+RadioModemIndication::RadioModemIndication(RadioModemTest& parent) : parent_modem(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemIndication::hardwareConfigChanged(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const std::vector<HardwareConfig>& /*configs*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemIndication::modemReset(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                    const std::string& /*reason*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemIndication::radioCapabilityIndication(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                                   const RadioCapability& /*rc*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemIndication::radioStateChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                           RadioState /*radioState*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemIndication::rilConnected(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ac590f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_modem_utils.h"
+
+RadioModemResponse::RadioModemResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent) : parent_modem(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t /*serial*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::enableModemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getBasebandVersionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                  const std::string& /*version*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getDeviceIdentityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                 const std::string& /*imei*/,
+                                                                 const std::string& /*imeisv*/,
+                                                                 const std::string& /*esn*/,
+                                                                 const std::string& /*meid*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getHardwareConfigResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const std::vector<HardwareConfig>& /*config*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getModemActivityInfoResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const ActivityStatsInfo& /*activityInfo*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getModemStackStatusResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const bool /*enabled*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getRadioCapabilityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                  const RadioCapability& /*rc*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::nvReadItemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                          const std::string& /*result*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::nvResetConfigResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::nvWriteCdmaPrlResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::nvWriteItemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::requestShutdownResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::sendDeviceStateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::setRadioCapabilityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                  const RadioCapability& /*rc*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::setRadioPowerResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_modem.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..406927f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+
+#include "radio_modem_utils.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
+
+void RadioModemTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string serviceName = GetParam();
+
+    if (!isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(serviceName)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test due to device configuration.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    radio_modem = IRadioModem::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_modem.get());
+
+    radioRsp_modem = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioModemResponse>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioRsp_modem.get());
+
+    count_ = 0;
+
+    radioInd_modem = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioModemIndication>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioInd_modem.get());
+
+    radio_modem->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_modem, radioInd_modem);
+
+    // Assert IRadioConfig exists before testing
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
+            aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(
+                            "android.hardware.radio.config.IRadioConfig/default")));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioModem.setRadioPower() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioModemTest, setRadioPower_emergencyCall_cancelled) {
+    // Set radio power to off.
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_modem->setRadioPower(serial, false, false, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.error);
+
+    // Set radio power to on with forEmergencyCall being true. This should put modem to only scan
+    // emergency call bands.
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_modem->setRadioPower(serial, true, true, true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.error);
+
+    // Set radio power to on with forEmergencyCall being false. This should put modem in regular
+    // operation modem.
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_modem->setRadioPower(serial, true, false, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.error);
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd9a30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/BnRadioModemIndication.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/BnRadioModemResponse.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.h>
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::config;
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::modem;
+
+class RadioModemTest;
+
+/* Callback class for radio modem response */
+class RadioModemResponse : public BnRadioModemResponse {
+  protected:
+    RadioResponseWaiter& parent_modem;
+
+  public:
+    RadioModemResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent_modem);
+    virtual ~RadioModemResponse() = default;
+
+    RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
+    bool isModemEnabled;
+    bool enableModemResponseToggle;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus enableModemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getBasebandVersionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                          const std::string& version) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getDeviceIdentityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                         const std::string& imei,
+                                                         const std::string& imeisv,
+                                                         const std::string& esn,
+                                                         const std::string& meid) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getHardwareConfigResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<HardwareConfig>& config) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getModemActivityInfoResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ActivityStatsInfo& activityInfo) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getModemStackStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                           const bool enabled) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getRadioCapabilityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                          const RadioCapability& rc) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus nvReadItemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                  const std::string& result) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus nvResetConfigResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus nvWriteCdmaPrlResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus nvWriteItemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus requestShutdownResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendDeviceStateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setRadioCapabilityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                          const RadioCapability& rc) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setRadioPowerResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+};
+
+/* Callback class for radio modem indication */
+class RadioModemIndication : public BnRadioModemIndication {
+  protected:
+    RadioModemTest& parent_modem;
+
+  public:
+    RadioModemIndication(RadioModemTest& parent_modem);
+    virtual ~RadioModemIndication() = default;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus hardwareConfigChanged(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const std::vector<HardwareConfig>& configs) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus modemReset(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                          const std::string& reason) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus radioCapabilityIndication(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                         const RadioCapability& rc) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus radioStateChanged(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                 RadioState radioState) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus rilConnected(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+};
+
+// The main test class for Radio AIDL Modem.
+class RadioModemTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>, public RadioResponseWaiter {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override;
+
+    /* radio modem service handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<IRadioModem> radio_modem;
+    /* radio modem response handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioModemResponse> radioRsp_modem;
+    /* radio modem indication handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioModemIndication> radioInd_modem;
+};
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bed759
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_network_utils.h"
+
+RadioNetworkIndication::RadioNetworkIndication(RadioNetworkTest& parent) : parent_network(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::barringInfoChanged(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const CellIdentity& /*cellIdentity*/,
+        const std::vector<BarringInfo>& /*barringInfos*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::cdmaPrlChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                          int32_t /*version*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::cellInfoList(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                        const std::vector<CellInfo>& /*records*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::currentLinkCapacityEstimate(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const LinkCapacityEstimate& /*lce*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const std::vector<PhysicalChannelConfig>& /*configs*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::currentSignalStrength(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const SignalStrength& /*signalStrength*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::imsNetworkStateChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::networkScanResult(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                             const NetworkScanResult& /*result*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::networkStateChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::nitzTimeReceived(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                            const std::string& /*nitzTime*/,
+                                                            int64_t /*receivedTime*/,
+                                                            int64_t /*age*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::registrationFailed(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                              const CellIdentity& /*cellIdentity*/,
+                                                              const std::string& /*chosenPlmn*/,
+                                                              Domain /*domain*/,
+                                                              int32_t /*causeCode*/,
+                                                              int32_t /*additionalCauseCode*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::restrictedStateChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                                  PhoneRestrictedState /*state*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::suppSvcNotify(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                         const SuppSvcNotification& /*suppSvc*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::voiceRadioTechChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                                 RadioTechnology /*rat*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b242341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_network_utils.h"
+
+RadioNetworkResponse::RadioNetworkResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent) : parent_network(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t /*serial*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const RadioAccessFamily networkTypeBitmap) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    networkTypeBitmapResponse = networkTypeBitmap;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getAvailableBandModesResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const std::vector<RadioBandMode>& /*bandModes*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getAvailableNetworksResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<OperatorInfo>& operatorInfos) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    networkInfos = operatorInfos;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getBarringInfoResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const CellIdentity& /*cellIdentity*/,
+        const std::vector<BarringInfo>& /*barringInfos*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, CdmaRoamingType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getCellInfoListResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const std::vector<CellInfo>& /*cellInfo*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getDataRegistrationStateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const RegStateResult& /*regResponse*/) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getImsRegistrationStateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, bool /*isRegistered*/,
+        RadioTechnologyFamily /*ratFamily*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getNetworkSelectionModeResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, bool /*manual*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getOperatorResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                             const std::string& /*longName*/,
+                                                             const std::string& /*shortName*/,
+                                                             const std::string& /*numeric*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getSignalStrengthResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const SignalStrength& /*sig_strength*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<RadioAccessSpecifier>& /*specifier*/) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getUsageSettingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                 const UsageSetting usageSetting) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    this->usageSetting = usageSetting;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, RadioTechnology /*rat*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const RegStateResult& regResponse) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    regStateResp.regState = regResponse.regState;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool isEnabled) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    isNrDualConnectivityEnabled = isEnabled;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setBandModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setBarringPasswordResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setCellInfoListRateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setIndicationFilterResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setLocationUpdatesResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setUsageSettingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::startNetworkScanResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::stopNetworkScanResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cdbb6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+
+#include "radio_network_utils.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
+
+void RadioNetworkTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string serviceName = GetParam();
+
+    if (!isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(serviceName)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test due to device configuration.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    radio_network = IRadioNetwork::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_network.get());
+
+    radioRsp_network = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioNetworkResponse>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioRsp_network.get());
+
+    count_ = 0;
+
+    radioInd_network = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioNetworkIndication>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioInd_network.get());
+
+    radio_network->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_network, radioInd_network);
+
+    // Assert IRadioConfig exists before testing
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
+            aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(
+                            "android.hardware.radio.config.IRadioConfig/default")));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    RadioAccessFamily allowedNetworkTypesBitmap = RadioAccessFamily::LTE;
+
+    radio_network->setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(serial, allowedNetworkTypesBitmap);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED,
+             RadioError::MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+             RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+             RadioError::NO_RESOURCES}));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    RadioAccessFamily allowedNetworkTypesBitmap = RadioAccessFamily::LTE;
+
+    radio_network->setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(serial, allowedNetworkTypesBitmap);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
+        sleep(3);  // wait for modem
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        radio_network->getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(serial);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR,
+                 RadioError::OPERATION_NOT_ALLOWED, RadioError::MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                 RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                 RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NO_RESOURCES}));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.setNrDualConnectivityState() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, setNrDualConnectivityState) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res =
+            radio_network->setNrDualConnectivityState(serial, NrDualConnectivityState::DISABLE);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR,
+                 RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NONE}));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.isNrDualConnectivityEnabled() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, isNrDualConnectivityEnabled) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res = radio_network->isNrDualConnectivityEnabled(serial);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (getRadioHalCapabilities()) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+                radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+                {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::NONE}));
+    }
+}
+
+void RadioNetworkTest::invokeAndExpectResponse(
+        std::function<ndk::ScopedAStatus(int32_t serial)> request,
+        std::vector<RadioError> errors_to_check) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res = request(serial);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error, errors_to_check));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.getUsageSetting()
+ *
+ * Verify that the usage setting can be retrieved.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, getUsageSetting) {
+    invokeAndExpectResponse([&](int serial) { return radio_network->getUsageSetting(serial); },
+                            {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE,
+                             RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::NONE});
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(radioRsp_network->usageSetting == UsageSetting::VOICE_CENTRIC ||
+                radioRsp_network->usageSetting == UsageSetting::DATA_CENTRIC);
+}
+
+void RadioNetworkTest::testSetUsageSetting_InvalidValues(std::vector<RadioError> errors) {
+    invokeAndExpectResponse(
+            [&](int serial) {
+                return radio_network->setUsageSetting(serial,
+                                                      UsageSetting(0) /*below valid range*/);
+            },
+            errors);
+    invokeAndExpectResponse(
+            [&](int serial) {
+                return radio_network->setUsageSetting(serial, UsageSetting(-1) /*negative*/);
+            },
+            errors);
+    invokeAndExpectResponse(
+            [&](int serial) {
+                return radio_network->setUsageSetting(serial,
+                                                      UsageSetting(3) /*above valid range*/);
+            },
+            errors);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.setUsageSetting() and IRadioNetwork.getUsageSetting()
+ *
+ * Verify the following:
+ * -That the usage setting can be retrieved.
+ * -That the usage setting can be successfully set to allowed values.
+ * -That the usage setting cannot be set to invalid values.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, setUsageSetting) {
+    invokeAndExpectResponse([&](int serial) { return radio_network->getUsageSetting(serial); },
+                            {RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INVALID_STATE,
+                             RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR, RadioError::NONE});
+
+    if (radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error != RadioError::NONE) {
+        // Test only for invalid values, with the only allowable response being the same error
+        // that was previously provided, or an error indicating invalid arguments.
+        testSetUsageSetting_InvalidValues(
+                {radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS});
+        // It is unsafe to proceed with setting valid values without knowing the starting value, but
+        // we expect errors anyway, so not necessary.
+        return;
+    } else {
+        // Because querying succeeded, the device is in a valid state to test for invalid values
+        // and the only thing that can change is that we expect to have an EINVAL return each time.
+        testSetUsageSetting_InvalidValues({RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS});
+    }
+
+    // Store the original setting value to reset later.
+    const UsageSetting originalSetting = radioRsp_network->usageSetting;
+
+    // Choose the "other" value that is not the current value for test.
+    const UsageSetting testSetting = radioRsp_network->usageSetting == UsageSetting::VOICE_CENTRIC
+                                             ? UsageSetting::DATA_CENTRIC
+                                             : UsageSetting::VOICE_CENTRIC;
+
+    // Set an alternative setting; it may either succeed or be disallowed as out of range for
+    // the current device (if the device only supports its current mode).
+    invokeAndExpectResponse(
+            [&](int serial) { return radio_network->setUsageSetting(serial, testSetting); },
+            {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::NONE});
+
+    // If there was no error, then we expect the test setting to be set, or if there is an error
+    // we expect the original setting to be maintained.
+    const UsageSetting expectedSetting =
+            radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE ? testSetting : originalSetting;
+    invokeAndExpectResponse([&](int serial) { return radio_network->getUsageSetting(serial); },
+                            {RadioError::NONE});
+
+    const UsageSetting updatedSetting = radioRsp_network->usageSetting;
+
+    // Re-set the original setting, which must always succeed.
+    invokeAndExpectResponse(
+            [&](int serial) { return radio_network->setUsageSetting(serial, originalSetting); },
+            {RadioError::NONE});
+
+    // Check that indeed the updated setting was set. We do this after resetting to original
+    // conditions to avoid early-exiting the test and leaving the device in a modified state.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(expectedSetting == updatedSetting);
+    // Check that indeed the original setting was reset.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(originalSetting == radioRsp_network->usageSetting);
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..caa1ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/BnRadioNetworkIndication.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/BnRadioNetworkResponse.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.h>
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::network;
+
+class RadioNetworkTest;
+
+/* Callback class for radio network response */
+class RadioNetworkResponse : public BnRadioNetworkResponse {
+  protected:
+    RadioResponseWaiter& parent_network;
+
+  public:
+    RadioNetworkResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent_network);
+    virtual ~RadioNetworkResponse() = default;
+
+    RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
+    std::vector<RadioBandMode> radioBandModes;
+    std::vector<OperatorInfo> networkInfos;
+    bool isNrDualConnectivityEnabled;
+    RadioAccessFamily networkTypeBitmapResponse;
+    RegStateResult regStateResp;
+    CellIdentity barringCellIdentity;
+    std::vector<BarringInfo> barringInfos;
+    UsageSetting usageSetting;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const RadioAccessFamily networkTypeBitmap) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getAvailableBandModesResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<RadioBandMode>& bandModes) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getAvailableNetworksResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<OperatorInfo>& networkInfos) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getBarringInfoResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const CellIdentity& cellIdentity,
+            const std::vector<BarringInfo>& barringInfos) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                CdmaRoamingType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCellInfoListResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<CellInfo>& cellInfo) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getDataRegistrationStateResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const RegStateResult& dataRegResponse) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getImsRegistrationStateResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool isRegistered,
+            RadioTechnologyFamily ratFamily) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getNetworkSelectionModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                               bool manual) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getOperatorResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                   const std::string& longName,
+                                                   const std::string& shortName,
+                                                   const std::string& numeric) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getSignalStrengthResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const SignalStrength& sigStrength) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+            const std::vector<RadioAccessSpecifier>& specifier) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getUsageSettingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                       UsageSetting usageSetting) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                               RadioTechnology rat) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const RegStateResult& voiceRegResponse) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                   bool isEnabled) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setBandModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setBarringPasswordResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCellInfoListRateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setIndicationFilterResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setLocationUpdatesResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setUsageSettingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus startNetworkScanResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stopNetworkScanResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+};
+
+/* Callback class for radio network indication */
+class RadioNetworkIndication : public BnRadioNetworkIndication {
+  protected:
+    RadioNetworkTest& parent_network;
+
+  public:
+    RadioNetworkIndication(RadioNetworkTest& parent_network);
+    virtual ~RadioNetworkIndication() = default;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus barringInfoChanged(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const CellIdentity& cellIdentity,
+            const std::vector<BarringInfo>& barringInfos) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaPrlChanged(RadioIndicationType type, int32_t version) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cellInfoList(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                            const std::vector<CellInfo>& records) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus currentLinkCapacityEstimate(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const LinkCapacityEstimate& lce) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const std::vector<PhysicalChannelConfig>& configs) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus currentSignalStrength(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                     const SignalStrength& signalStrength) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus imsNetworkStateChanged(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus networkScanResult(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                 const NetworkScanResult& result) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus networkStateChanged(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus nitzTimeReceived(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                const std::string& nitzTime, int64_t receivedTimeMs,
+                                                int64_t ageMs) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus registrationFailed(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                  const CellIdentity& cellIdentity,
+                                                  const std::string& chosenPlmn, Domain domain,
+                                                  int32_t causeCode,
+                                                  int32_t additionalCauseCode) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus restrictedStateChanged(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                      PhoneRestrictedState state) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus suppSvcNotify(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                             const SuppSvcNotification& suppSvc) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus voiceRadioTechChanged(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                     RadioTechnology rat) override;
+};
+
+// The main test class for Radio AIDL Network.
+class RadioNetworkTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>, public RadioResponseWaiter {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override;
+
+    /* radio network service handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<IRadioNetwork> radio_network;
+    /* radio network response handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioNetworkResponse> radioRsp_network;
+    /* radio network indication handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioNetworkIndication> radioInd_network;
+
+    void invokeAndExpectResponse(std::function<ndk::ScopedAStatus(int32_t serial)> request,
+                                 std::vector<RadioError> errors_to_check);
+
+    // Helper function to reduce copy+paste
+    void testSetUsageSetting_InvalidValues(std::vector<RadioError> errors);
+};
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_indication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0385845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_indication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_sim_utils.h"
+
+RadioSimIndication::RadioSimIndication(RadioSimTest& parent) : parent_sim(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::carrierInfoForImsiEncryption(RadioIndicationType /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::cdmaSubscriptionSourceChanged(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, CdmaSubscriptionSource /*cdmaSource*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::simPhonebookChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::simPhonebookRecordsReceived(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, PbReceivedStatus /*status*/,
+        const std::vector<PhonebookRecordInfo>& /*records*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::simRefresh(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                  const SimRefreshResult& /*refreshResult*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::simStatusChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::stkEventNotify(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                      const std::string& /*cmd*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::stkProactiveCommand(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                           const std::string& /*cmd*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::stkSessionEnd(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::subscriptionStatusChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                                 bool /*activate*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimIndication::uiccApplicationsEnablementChanged(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, bool /*enabled*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c796fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_sim_utils.h"
+
+RadioSimResponse::RadioSimResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent) : parent_sim(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t /*serial*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::areUiccApplicationsEnabledResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, bool /*enabled*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::changeIccPin2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                 int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::changeIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::enableUiccApplicationsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getAllowedCarriersResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const CarrierRestrictions& /*carriers*/,
+        SimLockMultiSimPolicy /*multiSimPolicy*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getCdmaSubscriptionResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const std::string& /*mdn*/, const std::string& /*hSid*/,
+        const std::string& /*hNid*/, const std::string& /*min*/, const std::string& /*prl*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, CdmaSubscriptionSource /*source*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getFacilityLockForAppResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, int32_t /*response*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getIccCardStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                              const CardStatus& card_status) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    cardStatus = card_status;
+    parent_sim.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getImsiForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                           const std::string& /*imsi*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const PhonebookCapacity& pbCapacity) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    capacity = pbCapacity;
+    parent_sim.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_sim.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::iccCloseLogicalChannelResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::iccIoForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                         const IccIoResult& /*iccIo*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::iccOpenLogicalChannelResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, int32_t /*channelId*/,
+        const std::vector<uint8_t>& /*selectResponse*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::iccTransmitApduBasicChannelResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const IccIoResult& /*result*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::iccTransmitApduLogicalChannelResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const IccIoResult& /*result*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::reportStkServiceIsRunningResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::requestIccSimAuthenticationResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const IccIoResult& /*result*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::sendEnvelopeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                          const std::string& /*commandResponse*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::sendEnvelopeWithStatusResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const IccIoResult& /*iccIo*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::sendTerminalResponseToSimResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::setAllowedCarriersResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryptionResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_sim.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::setFacilityLockForAppResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, int32_t /*retry*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::setSimCardPowerResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_sim.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::setUiccSubscriptionResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                 int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::supplyIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::supplyIccPuk2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                 int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::supplyIccPukForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                                int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::supplySimDepersonalizationResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, PersoSubstate /*persoType*/,
+        int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimResponse::updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t recordIndex) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    updatedRecordIndex = recordIndex;
+    parent_sim.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c70219f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+
+#include "radio_sim_utils.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
+
+void RadioSimTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string serviceName = GetParam();
+
+    if (!isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(serviceName)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test due to device configuration.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    radio_sim = IRadioSim::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_sim.get());
+
+    radioRsp_sim = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioSimResponse>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioRsp_sim.get());
+
+    count_ = 0;
+
+    radioInd_sim = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioSimIndication>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioInd_sim.get());
+
+    radio_sim->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_sim, radioInd_sim);
+
+    // Assert IRadioConfig exists before testing
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
+            aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(
+                            "android.hardware.radio.config.IRadioConfig/default")));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioSimTest::updateSimCardStatus() {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_sim->getIccCardStatus(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioSim.setSimCardPower() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioSimTest, setSimCardPower) {
+    /* Test setSimCardPower power down */
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_sim->setSimCardPower(serial, CardPowerState::POWER_DOWN);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                  RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::SIM_ERR}));
+
+    // setSimCardPower does not return  until the request is handled, and should not trigger
+    // CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT when turning off power
+    if (radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
+        /* Wait some time for setting sim power down and then verify it */
+        updateSimCardStatus();
+        // We cannot assert the consistency of CardState here due to b/203031664
+        // EXPECT_EQ(CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT, cardStatus.cardState);
+        // applications should be an empty vector of AppStatus
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, cardStatus.applications.size());
+    }
+
+    // Give some time for modem to fully power down the SIM card
+    sleep(MODEM_SET_SIM_POWER_DELAY_IN_SECONDS);
+
+    /* Test setSimCardPower power up */
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_sim->setSimCardPower(serial, CardPowerState::POWER_UP);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                  RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::SIM_ERR}));
+
+    // Give some time for modem to fully power up the SIM card
+    sleep(MODEM_SET_SIM_POWER_DELAY_IN_SECONDS);
+
+    // setSimCardPower does not return  until the request is handled. Just verify that we still
+    // have CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT after turning the power back on
+    if (radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
+        updateSimCardStatus();
+        EXPECT_EQ(CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT, cardStatus.cardState);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioSim.setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioSimTest, setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    ImsiEncryptionInfo imsiInfo;
+    imsiInfo.mcc = "310";
+    imsiInfo.mnc = "004";
+    imsiInfo.carrierKey = (std::vector<uint8_t>){1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};
+    imsiInfo.keyIdentifier = "Test";
+    imsiInfo.expirationTime = 20180101;
+    imsiInfo.keyType = ImsiEncryptionInfo::PUBLIC_KEY_TYPE_EPDG;
+
+    radio_sim->setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption(serial, imsiInfo);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioSim.getSimPhonebookRecords() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioSimTest, getSimPhonebookRecords) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_sim->getSimPhonebookRecords(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+                CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::INVALID_SIM_STATE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                  RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                  RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                 CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioSim.getSimPhonebookCapacity for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioSimTest, getSimPhonebookCapacity) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_sim->getSimPhonebookCapacity(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+                CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::INVALID_SIM_STATE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                  RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                  RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                 CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+
+        PhonebookCapacity pbCapacity = radioRsp_sim->capacity;
+        if (pbCapacity.maxAdnRecords > 0) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(pbCapacity.maxNameLen > 0 && pbCapacity.maxNumberLen > 0);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(pbCapacity.usedAdnRecords <= pbCapacity.maxAdnRecords);
+        }
+
+        if (pbCapacity.maxEmailRecords > 0) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(pbCapacity.maxEmailLen > 0);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(pbCapacity.usedEmailRecords <= pbCapacity.maxEmailRecords);
+        }
+
+        if (pbCapacity.maxAdditionalNumberRecords > 0) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(pbCapacity.maxAdditionalNumberLen > 0);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(pbCapacity.usedAdditionalNumberRecords <=
+                        pbCapacity.maxAdditionalNumberRecords);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioSim.updateSimPhonebookRecords() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioSimTest, updateSimPhonebookRecords) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_sim->getSimPhonebookCapacity(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+                CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::INVALID_SIM_STATE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                  RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                  RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                 CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+        PhonebookCapacity pbCapacity = radioRsp_sim->capacity;
+
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        radio_sim->getSimPhonebookRecords(serial);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+        EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED},
+                                     CHECK_GENERAL_ERROR));
+
+        if (pbCapacity.maxAdnRecords > 0 && pbCapacity.usedAdnRecords < pbCapacity.maxAdnRecords) {
+            // Add a phonebook record
+            PhonebookRecordInfo recordInfo;
+            recordInfo.recordId = 0;
+            recordInfo.name = "ABC";
+            recordInfo.number = "1234567890";
+            serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+            radio_sim->updateSimPhonebookRecords(serial, recordInfo);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error);
+            int index = radioRsp_sim->updatedRecordIndex;
+            EXPECT_TRUE(index > 0);
+
+            // Deleted a phonebook record
+            recordInfo.recordId = index;
+            recordInfo.name = "";
+            recordInfo.number = "";
+            serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+            radio_sim->updateSimPhonebookRecords(serial, recordInfo);
+
+            EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.type);
+            EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.serial);
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_sim->rspInfo.error);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cb6790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/BnRadioSimIndication.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/BnRadioSimResponse.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.h>
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim;
+
+class RadioSimTest;
+
+/* Callback class for radio SIM response */
+class RadioSimResponse : public BnRadioSimResponse {
+  protected:
+    RadioResponseWaiter& parent_sim;
+
+  public:
+    RadioSimResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent_sim);
+    virtual ~RadioSimResponse() = default;
+
+    RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
+    CarrierRestrictions carrierRestrictionsResp;
+    SimLockMultiSimPolicy multiSimPolicyResp;
+    bool canToggleUiccApplicationsEnablement;
+    bool areUiccApplicationsEnabled;
+    PhonebookCapacity capacity;
+    int32_t updatedRecordIndex;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus areUiccApplicationsEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                  bool enabled) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus changeIccPin2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                           int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus changeIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                          int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus enableUiccApplicationsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getAllowedCarriersResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const CarrierRestrictions& carriers,
+            const SimLockMultiSimPolicy multiSimPolicy) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCdmaSubscriptionResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::string& mdn, const std::string& hSid,
+            const std::string& hNid, const std::string& min, const std::string& prl) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, CdmaSubscriptionSource source) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getFacilityLockForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                             int32_t response) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getIccCardStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                        const CardStatus& cardStatus) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getImsiForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                     const std::string& imsi) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getSimPhonebookCapacityResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const PhonebookCapacity& capacity) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus iccCloseLogicalChannelResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus iccIoForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                   const IccIoResult& iccIo) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus iccOpenLogicalChannelResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t channelId,
+            const std::vector<uint8_t>& selectResponse) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus iccTransmitApduBasicChannelResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const IccIoResult& result) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus iccTransmitApduLogicalChannelResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const IccIoResult& result) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus reportStkServiceIsRunningResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus requestIccSimAuthenticationResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const IccIoResult& result) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendEnvelopeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                    const std::string& commandResponse) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendEnvelopeWithStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                              const IccIoResult& iccIo) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendTerminalResponseToSimResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setAllowedCarriersResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryptionResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setFacilityLockForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                             int32_t retry) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setSimCardPowerResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setUiccSubscriptionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                           int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus supplyIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                          int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus supplyIccPuk2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                           int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus supplyIccPukForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                          int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus supplySimDepersonalizationResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, PersoSubstate persoType,
+            int32_t remainingRetries) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus updateSimPhonebookRecordsResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t updatedRecordIndex) override;
+};
+
+/* Callback class for radio SIM indication */
+class RadioSimIndication : public BnRadioSimIndication {
+  protected:
+    RadioSimTest& parent_sim;
+
+  public:
+    RadioSimIndication(RadioSimTest& parent_sim);
+    virtual ~RadioSimIndication() = default;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus carrierInfoForImsiEncryption(RadioIndicationType info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaSubscriptionSourceChanged(
+            RadioIndicationType type, CdmaSubscriptionSource cdmaSource) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus simPhonebookChanged(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus simPhonebookRecordsReceived(
+            RadioIndicationType type, PbReceivedStatus status,
+            const std::vector<PhonebookRecordInfo>& records) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus simRefresh(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                          const SimRefreshResult& refreshResult) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus simStatusChanged(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stkEventNotify(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                              const std::string& cmd) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stkProactiveCommand(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                   const std::string& cmd) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stkSessionEnd(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus subscriptionStatusChanged(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                         bool activate) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus uiccApplicationsEnablementChanged(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                                 bool enabled) override;
+};
+
+// The main test class for Radio AIDL SIM.
+class RadioSimTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>, public RadioResponseWaiter {
+  protected:
+    /* Update Sim Card Status */
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus updateSimCardStatus();
+
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override;
+
+    /* radio SIM service handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<IRadioSim> radio_sim;
+    /* radio SIM response handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioSimResponse> radioRsp_sim;
+    /* radio SIM indication handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioSimIndication> radioInd_sim;
+};
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_indication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c46817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_indication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_voice_utils.h"
+
+RadioVoiceIndication::RadioVoiceIndication(RadioVoiceTest& parent) : parent_voice(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::callRing(RadioIndicationType /*type*/, bool /*isGsm*/,
+                                                  const CdmaSignalInfoRecord& /*record*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::callStateChanged(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::cdmaCallWaiting(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const CdmaCallWaiting& /*callWaitingRecord*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::cdmaInfoRec(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const std::vector<CdmaInformationRecord>& /*records*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::cdmaOtaProvisionStatus(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                                CdmaOtaProvisionStatus /*status*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::currentEmergencyNumberList(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const std::vector<EmergencyNumber>& /*emergencyNumberList*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::enterEmergencyCallbackMode(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::exitEmergencyCallbackMode(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::indicateRingbackTone(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                              bool /*start*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::onSupplementaryServiceIndication(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const StkCcUnsolSsResult& /*ss*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::resendIncallMute(RadioIndicationType /*type*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::srvccStateNotify(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                          SrvccState /*state*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::stkCallControlAlphaNotify(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                                   const std::string& /*alpha*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceIndication::stkCallSetup(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+                                                      int64_t /*timeout*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca350c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "radio_voice_utils.h"
+
+RadioVoiceResponse::RadioVoiceResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent) : parent_voice(parent) {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::acceptCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::acknowledgeRequest(int32_t /*serial*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::conferenceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::dialResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::emergencyDialResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_voice.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::exitEmergencyCallbackModeResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::explicitCallTransferResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getCallForwardStatusResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+        const std::vector<CallForwardInfo>& /*callForwardInfos*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getCallWaitingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                              bool /*enable*/,
+                                                              int32_t /*serviceClass*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getClipResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                       ClipStatus /*status*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getClirResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                       int32_t /*n*/, int32_t /*m*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getCurrentCallsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                               const std::vector<Call>& calls) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    currentCalls = calls;
+    parent_voice.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getLastCallFailCauseResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const LastCallFailCauseInfo& /*failCauseInfo*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getMuteResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                       bool /*enable*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, bool /*enable*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::getTtyModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                          TtyMode /*mode*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSimResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::hangupConnectionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_voice.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::hangupForegroundResumeBackgroundResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::hangupWaitingOrBackgroundResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::isVoNrEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+                                                             bool /*enabled*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::rejectCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::sendBurstDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::sendCdmaFeatureCodeResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::sendDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::separateConnectionResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setCallForwardResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setCallWaitingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setClirResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setMuteResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setTtyModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::setVoNrEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::startDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::stopDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceResponse::switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActiveResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..201f14c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/IRadioConfig.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+
+#include "radio_voice_utils.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
+
+void RadioVoiceTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string serviceName = GetParam();
+
+    if (!isServiceValidForDeviceConfiguration(serviceName)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test due to device configuration.");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    radio_voice = IRadioVoice::fromBinder(
+            ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_voice.get());
+
+    radioRsp_voice = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioVoiceResponse>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioRsp_voice.get());
+
+    count_ = 0;
+
+    radioInd_voice = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<RadioVoiceIndication>(*this);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioInd_voice.get());
+
+    radio_voice->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_voice, radioInd_voice);
+
+    // Assert IRadioConfig exists before testing
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig> radioConfig =
+            aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::IRadioConfig::fromBinder(
+                    ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(
+                            "android.hardware.radio.config.IRadioConfig/default")));
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radioConfig.get());
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioVoiceTest::clearPotentialEstablishedCalls() {
+    // Get the current call Id to hangup the established emergency call.
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_voice->getCurrentCalls(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+
+    // Hang up to disconnect the established call channels.
+    for (const Call& call : radioRsp_voice->currentCalls) {
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        radio_voice->hangup(serial, call.index);
+        ALOGI("Hang up to disconnect the established call channel: %d", call.index);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        // Give some time for modem to disconnect the established call channel.
+        sleep(MODEM_EMERGENCY_CALL_DISCONNECT_TIME);
+    }
+
+    // Verify there are no more current calls.
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_voice->getCurrentCalls(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, radioRsp_voice->currentCalls.size());
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioVoice.emergencyDial() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioVoiceTest, emergencyDial) {
+    if (!deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_VOICE_CALL)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipping emergencyDial because voice call is not supported in device");
+        return;
+    } else if (!deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_GSM) &&
+               !deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_CDMA)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipping emergencyDial because gsm/cdma radio is not supported in device");
+        return;
+    } else {
+        ALOGI("Running emergencyDial because voice call is supported in device");
+    }
+
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    Dial dialInfo;
+    dialInfo.address = std::string("911");
+    EmergencyServiceCategory categories = EmergencyServiceCategory::UNSPECIFIED;
+    std::vector<std::string> urns = {""};
+    EmergencyCallRouting routing = EmergencyCallRouting::UNKNOWN;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res =
+            radio_voice->emergencyDial(serial, dialInfo, categories, urns, routing, true, true);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    ALOGI("emergencyDial, rspInfo.error = %s\n", toString(radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error).c_str());
+
+    RadioError rspEmergencyDial = radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error;
+    // In DSDS or TSTS, we only check the result if the current slot is IN_SERVICE
+    // or Emergency_Only.
+    if (isDsDsEnabled() || isTsTsEnabled()) {
+        // TODO(b/210712359): maybe create a local RadioNetwork instance
+        /**
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        radio_v1_6->getVoiceRegistrationState(serial);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        if (isVoiceEmergencyOnly(radioRsp_v1_6->voiceRegResp.regState) ||
+            isVoiceInService(radioRsp_v1_6->voiceRegResp.regState)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, rspEmergencyDial);
+        }
+        **/
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, rspEmergencyDial);
+    }
+
+    // Give some time for modem to establish the emergency call channel.
+    sleep(MODEM_EMERGENCY_CALL_ESTABLISH_TIME);
+
+    // Disconnect all the potential established calls to prevent them affecting other tests.
+    clearPotentialEstablishedCalls();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioVoice.emergencyDial() with specified service and its response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioVoiceTest, emergencyDial_withServices) {
+    if (!deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_VOICE_CALL)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipping emergencyDial because voice call is not supported in device");
+        return;
+    } else if (!deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_GSM) &&
+               !deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_CDMA)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipping emergencyDial because gsm/cdma radio is not supported in device");
+        return;
+    } else {
+        ALOGI("Running emergencyDial because voice call is supported in device");
+    }
+
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    Dial dialInfo;
+    dialInfo.address = std::string("911");
+    EmergencyServiceCategory categories = EmergencyServiceCategory::AMBULANCE;
+    std::vector<std::string> urns = {"urn:service:sos.ambulance"};
+    EmergencyCallRouting routing = EmergencyCallRouting::UNKNOWN;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res =
+            radio_voice->emergencyDial(serial, dialInfo, categories, urns, routing, true, true);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    ALOGI("emergencyDial_withServices, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
+          toString(radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error).c_str());
+    RadioError rspEmergencyDial = radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error;
+
+    // In DSDS or TSTS, we only check the result if the current slot is IN_SERVICE
+    // or Emergency_Only.
+    if (isDsDsEnabled() || isTsTsEnabled()) {
+        // TODO(b/210712359): maybe create a local RadioNetwork instance
+        /**
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        radio_v1_6->getVoiceRegistrationState_1_6(serial);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        if (isVoiceEmergencyOnly(radioRsp_v1_6->voiceRegResp.regState) ||
+            isVoiceInService(radioRsp_v1_6->voiceRegResp.regState)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, rspEmergencyDial);
+        }
+        **/
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, rspEmergencyDial);
+    }
+    // Give some time for modem to establish the emergency call channel.
+    sleep(MODEM_EMERGENCY_CALL_ESTABLISH_TIME);
+
+    // Disconnect all the potential established calls to prevent them affecting other tests.
+    clearPotentialEstablishedCalls();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioVoice.emergencyDial() with known emergency call routing and its response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioVoiceTest, emergencyDial_withEmergencyRouting) {
+    if (!deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_VOICE_CALL)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipping emergencyDial because voice call is not supported in device");
+        return;
+    } else if (!deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_GSM) &&
+               !deviceSupportsFeature(FEATURE_TELEPHONY_CDMA)) {
+        ALOGI("Skipping emergencyDial because gsm/cdma radio is not supported in device");
+        return;
+    } else {
+        ALOGI("Running emergencyDial because voice call is supported in device");
+    }
+
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    Dial dialInfo;
+    dialInfo.address = std::string("911");
+    EmergencyServiceCategory categories = EmergencyServiceCategory::UNSPECIFIED;
+    std::vector<std::string> urns = {""};
+    EmergencyCallRouting routing = EmergencyCallRouting::EMERGENCY;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus res =
+            radio_voice->emergencyDial(serial, dialInfo, categories, urns, routing, true, true);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    ALOGI("emergencyDial_withEmergencyRouting, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
+          toString(radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error).c_str());
+    RadioError rspEmergencyDial = radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error;
+
+    // In DSDS or TSTS, we only check the result if the current slot is IN_SERVICE
+    // or Emergency_Only.
+    if (isDsDsEnabled() || isTsTsEnabled()) {
+        // TODO(b/210712359): maybe create a local RadioNetwork instance
+        /**
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        radio_v1_6->getVoiceRegistrationState_1_6(serial);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+        if (isVoiceEmergencyOnly(radioRsp_v1_6->voiceRegResp.regState) ||
+            isVoiceInService(radioRsp_v1_6->voiceRegResp.regState)) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, rspEmergencyDial);
+        }
+        **/
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, rspEmergencyDial);
+    }
+
+    // Give some time for modem to establish the emergency call channel.
+    sleep(MODEM_EMERGENCY_CALL_ESTABLISH_TIME);
+
+    // Disconnect all the potential established calls to prevent them affecting other tests.
+    clearPotentialEstablishedCalls();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioVoice.getCurrentCalls() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioVoiceTest, getCurrentCalls) {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_voice->getCurrentCalls(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_voice->rspInfo.error);
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a676a7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_voice_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/voice/BnRadioVoiceIndication.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/voice/BnRadioVoiceResponse.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/voice/IRadioVoice.h>
+
+#include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::radio::voice;
+
+class RadioVoiceTest;
+
+/* Callback class for radio voice response */
+class RadioVoiceResponse : public BnRadioVoiceResponse {
+  protected:
+    RadioResponseWaiter& parent_voice;
+
+  public:
+    RadioVoiceResponse(RadioResponseWaiter& parent_voice);
+    virtual ~RadioVoiceResponse() = default;
+
+    RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
+    std::vector<Call> currentCalls;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acceptCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus acknowledgeRequest(int32_t serial) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus conferenceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus dialResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus emergencyDialResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus exitEmergencyCallbackModeResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus explicitCallTransferResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCallForwardStatusResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+            const std::vector<CallForwardInfo>& call_forwardInfos) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCallWaitingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool enable,
+                                                      int32_t serviceClass) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getClipResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                               ClipStatus status) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getClirResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t n,
+                                               int32_t m) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getCurrentCallsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                       const std::vector<Call>& calls) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getLastCallFailCauseResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info, const LastCallFailCauseInfo& failCauseInfo) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getMuteResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool enable) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                bool enable) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getTtyModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                  TtyMode mode) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSimResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus hangupConnectionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus hangupForegroundResumeBackgroundResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus hangupWaitingOrBackgroundResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus isVoNrEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                     bool enable) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus rejectCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendBurstDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendCdmaFeatureCodeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus sendDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus separateConnectionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallForwardResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallWaitingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setClirResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setMuteResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setTtyModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setVoNrEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus startDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stopDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActiveResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+};
+
+/* Callback class for radio voice indication */
+class RadioVoiceIndication : public BnRadioVoiceIndication {
+  protected:
+    RadioVoiceTest& parent_voice;
+
+  public:
+    RadioVoiceIndication(RadioVoiceTest& parent_voice);
+    virtual ~RadioVoiceIndication() = default;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus callRing(RadioIndicationType type, bool isGsm,
+                                        const CdmaSignalInfoRecord& record) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus callStateChanged(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaCallWaiting(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                               const CdmaCallWaiting& callWaitingRecord) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaInfoRec(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const std::vector<CdmaInformationRecord>& records) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus cdmaOtaProvisionStatus(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                      CdmaOtaProvisionStatus status) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus currentEmergencyNumberList(
+            RadioIndicationType type,
+            const std::vector<EmergencyNumber>& emergencyNumberList) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus enterEmergencyCallbackMode(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus exitEmergencyCallbackMode(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus indicateRingbackTone(RadioIndicationType type, bool start) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus onSupplementaryServiceIndication(
+            RadioIndicationType type, const StkCcUnsolSsResult& ss) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus resendIncallMute(RadioIndicationType type) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus srvccStateNotify(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                SrvccState state) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stkCallControlAlphaNotify(RadioIndicationType type,
+                                                         const std::string& alpha) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus stkCallSetup(RadioIndicationType type, int64_t timeout) override;
+};
+
+// The main test class for Radio AIDL Voice.
+class RadioVoiceTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string>, public RadioResponseWaiter {
+  protected:
+    /* Clear Potential Established Calls */
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus clearPotentialEstablishedCalls();
+
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override;
+
+    /* radio voice service handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<IRadioVoice> radio_voice;
+    /* radio voice response handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioVoiceResponse> radioRsp_voice;
+    /* radio voice indication handle */
+    std::shared_ptr<RadioVoiceIndication> radioInd_voice;
+};
diff --git a/tv/tuner/1.0/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp b/tv/tuner/1.0/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 4a642a0..acc524b
--- a/tv/tuner/1.0/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/1.0/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
@@ -377,6 +377,7 @@
         result &= getDvrTests()->getDvrPlaybackMQDescriptor() == success();
         getDvrTests()->startPlaybackInputThread(mDvrConfig.playbackInputFile,
                                                 mDvrConfig.settings.playback());
+        getDvrTests()->startDvrPlayback();
         if (!result) {
             ALOGW("[vts] Software frontend dvr configure failed.");
             return failure();
@@ -400,6 +401,7 @@
     status = mFrontend->stopTune();
     if (mIsSoftwareFe && testWithDemux) {
         getDvrTests()->stopPlaybackThread();
+        getDvrTests()->stopDvrPlayback();
         getDvrTests()->closeDvrPlayback();
     }
     return AssertionResult(status == Result::SUCCESS);
diff --git a/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.cpp b/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.cpp
index f5463a9..919c956 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.cpp
@@ -88,46 +88,60 @@
 
 Return<Result> Frontend::scan(const FrontendSettings& settings, FrontendScanType type) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    // If it's in middle of scanning, stop it first.
+    if (mScanThread.joinable()) {
+        mScanThread.join();
+    }
+
+    mFrontendSettings = settings;
+    mFrontendScanType = type;
+    mScanThread = std::thread(&Frontend::scanThreadLoop, this);
+
+    return Result::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void Frontend::scanThreadLoop() {
     FrontendScanMessage msg;
 
     if (mIsLocked) {
         msg.isEnd(true);
         mCallback->onScanMessage(FrontendScanMessageType::END, msg);
-        return Result::SUCCESS;
+        return;
     }
 
     uint32_t frequency;
-    switch (settings.getDiscriminator()) {
+    switch (mFrontendSettings.getDiscriminator()) {
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::analog:
-            frequency = settings.analog().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.analog().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::atsc:
-            frequency = settings.atsc().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.atsc().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::atsc3:
-            frequency = settings.atsc3().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.atsc3().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::dvbs:
-            frequency = settings.dvbs().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.dvbs().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::dvbc:
-            frequency = settings.dvbc().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.dvbc().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::dvbt:
-            frequency = settings.dvbt().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.dvbt().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::isdbs:
-            frequency = settings.isdbs().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.isdbs().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::isdbs3:
-            frequency = settings.isdbs3().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.isdbs3().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::hidl_discriminator::isdbt:
-            frequency = settings.isdbt().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.isdbt().frequency;
             break;
     }
 
-    if (type == FrontendScanType::SCAN_BLIND) {
+    if (mFrontendScanType == FrontendScanType::SCAN_BLIND) {
         frequency += 100 * 1000;
     }
 
@@ -204,8 +218,6 @@
     msg.isLocked(true);
     mCallback->onScanMessage(FrontendScanMessageType::LOCKED, msg);
     mIsLocked = true;
-
-    return Result::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 Return<Result> Frontend::scan_1_1(const FrontendSettings& settings, FrontendScanType type,
@@ -218,6 +230,10 @@
 Return<Result> Frontend::stopScan() {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
 
+    if (mScanThread.joinable()) {
+        mScanThread.join();
+    }
+
     mIsLocked = false;
     return Result::SUCCESS;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.h b/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.h
index a28fb64..bf739a8 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/1.1/default/Frontend.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/tv/tuner/1.1/IFrontend.h>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
 #include "Tuner.h"
 
 using namespace std;
@@ -81,13 +82,17 @@
   private:
     virtual ~Frontend();
     bool supportsSatellite();
+    void scanThreadLoop();
+
     sp<IFrontendCallback> mCallback;
     sp<Tuner> mTunerService;
     FrontendType mType = FrontendType::UNDEFINED;
     FrontendId mId = 0;
     bool mIsLocked = false;
     uint32_t mCiCamId;
-
+    std::thread mScanThread;
+    FrontendSettings mFrontendSettings;
+    FrontendScanType mFrontendScanType;
     std::ifstream mFrontendData;
 };
 
diff --git a/tv/tuner/1.1/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp b/tv/tuner/1.1/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
index a595a93..9f0f30d 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/1.1/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/1.1/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
@@ -444,6 +444,7 @@
         result &= getDvrTests()->getDvrPlaybackMQDescriptor() == success();
         getDvrTests()->startPlaybackInputThread(mDvrConfig.playbackInputFile,
                                                 mDvrConfig.settings.playback());
+        getDvrTests()->startDvrPlayback();
         if (!result) {
             ALOGW("[vts] Software frontend dvr configure failed.");
             return failure();
@@ -459,6 +460,7 @@
     status = mFrontend->stopTune();
     if (mIsSoftwareFe && testWithDemux) {
         getDvrTests()->stopPlaybackThread();
+        getDvrTests()->stopDvrPlayback();
         getDvrTests()->closeDvrPlayback();
     }
     return AssertionResult(status == Result::SUCCESS);
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl
index bfd2aa8..6c538ea 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl
@@ -51,4 +51,8 @@
   OPUS = 13,
   VORBIS = 14,
   DRA = 15,
+  AAC_ADTS = 16,
+  AAC_LATM = 17,
+  AAC_HE_ADTS = 18,
+  AAC_HE_LATM = 19,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl
index 993c639..61a9555 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@
   int mpuSequenceNumber;
   boolean isPesPrivateData;
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.DemuxFilterMediaEventExtraMetaData extraMetaData;
+  android.hardware.tv.tuner.DemuxFilterScIndexMask scIndexMask;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl
index 2c6cc00..e763cfb 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl
@@ -50,4 +50,5 @@
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendModulation modulation;
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendDvbcAnnex annex;
   boolean isHighPriority;
+  int[] dvbtCellIds;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl
index b121c85..6976ecd 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl
@@ -50,4 +50,5 @@
   MODULATION = 12,
   DVBC_ANNEX = 13,
   HIGH_PRIORITY = 14,
+  DVBT_CELL_IDS = 15,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl
index c79b751..fc0efc9 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl
@@ -75,4 +75,5 @@
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendIsdbtMode isdbtMode;
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendIsdbtPartialReceptionFlag partialReceptionFlag;
   int[] streamIdList;
+  int[] dvbtCellIds;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl
index 9ea3200..2cc62d5 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl
@@ -75,4 +75,5 @@
   ISDBT_MODE = 37,
   ISDBT_PARTIAL_RECEPTION_FLAG = 38,
   STREAM_ID_LIST = 39,
+  DVBT_CELL_IDS = 40,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl
index ed5b0c0..e7aa070 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
   void stopScan();
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendStatus[] getStatus(in android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendStatusType[] statusTypes);
   void setLnb(in int lnbId);
-  void setLna(in boolean bEnable);
   int linkCiCam(in int ciCamId);
   void unlinkCiCam(in int ciCamId);
+  String getHardwareInfo();
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
index 0e903d8..decf5b1 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
@@ -44,4 +44,5 @@
   int[] getLnbIds();
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.ILnb openLnbById(in int lnbId);
   android.hardware.tv.tuner.ILnb openLnbByName(in String lnbName, out int[] lnbId);
+  void setLna(in boolean bEnable);
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl
index 1bb5c68f..9e9a8cf 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/AudioStreamType.aidl
@@ -99,4 +99,24 @@
      * SJ/T 11368-2006
      */
     DRA,
+
+    /*
+     * AAC with ADTS (Audio Data Transport Format).
+     */
+    AAC_ADTS,
+
+    /*
+     * AAC with ADTS with LATM (Low-overhead MPEG-4 Audio Transport Multiplex).
+     */
+    AAC_LATM,
+
+    /*
+     * High-Efficiency AAC (HE-AAC) with ADTS (Audio Data Transport Format).
+     */
+    AAC_HE_ADTS,
+
+    /*
+     * High-Efficiency AAC (HE-AAC) with LATM (Low-overhead MPEG-4 Audio Transport Multiplex).
+     */
+    AAC_HE_LATM,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl
index e92b711..32f0cb2 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterMediaEvent.aidl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.hardware.common.NativeHandle;
 
 import android.hardware.tv.tuner.DemuxFilterMediaEventExtraMetaData;
+import android.hardware.tv.tuner.DemuxFilterScIndexMask;
 
 /**
  * Filter Event for Audio or Video Filter.
@@ -84,4 +85,10 @@
     boolean isPesPrivateData;
 
     DemuxFilterMediaEventExtraMetaData extraMetaData;
+
+    /**
+     * DemuxFilterScIndexMask for the key frame info. It's optional to hardware which can only
+     * access unit framing at decode stage.
+     */
+    DemuxFilterScIndexMask scIndexMask;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl
index 19c6766..a941066 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessage.aidl
@@ -70,4 +70,10 @@
     FrontendDvbcAnnex annex;
 
     boolean isHighPriority;
+
+    /**
+     * DVB-T Cell Ids.
+     */
+    int[] dvbtCellIds;
+
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl
index 2b91216..f4d2ee0 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendScanMessageType.aidl
@@ -86,4 +86,10 @@
     DVBC_ANNEX,
 
     HIGH_PRIORITY,
+
+    /**
+     * DVB-T CELL ID.
+     */
+    DVBT_CELL_IDS,
+
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl
index 6e6f315..ae6e46f 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatus.aidl
@@ -236,4 +236,10 @@
      */
     int[] streamIdList;
 
+    /**
+     * DVB-T Cell Id.
+     */
+    int[] dvbtCellIds;
+
+
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl
index 7feb72d..e7da517 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/FrontendStatusType.aidl
@@ -223,4 +223,9 @@
      * Stream ID list included in a transponder.
      */
    STREAM_ID_LIST,
+
+   /**
+    * DVB-T Cell Id.
+    */
+   DVBT_CELL_IDS,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl
index b2717db..5b3ce39 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/IFrontend.aidl
@@ -117,13 +117,6 @@
     void setLnb(in int lnbId);
 
     /**
-     * Enable or Disable Low Noise Amplifier (LNA).
-     *
-     * @param bEnable true if activate LNA module; false if deactivate LNA
-     */
-    void setLna(in boolean bEnable);
-
-    /**
      * Link Conditional Access Modules (CAM) to Frontend support Common
      * Interface (CI) bypass mode.
      *
@@ -143,4 +136,14 @@
      * @param ciCamId specify CI-CAM Id to unlink.
      */
     void unlinkCiCam(in int ciCamId);
+
+    /**
+     * Request Hardware information about the frontend.
+     *
+     * The client may use this to collect vendor specific hardware information, e.g. RF
+     * chip version, Demod chip version, detailed status of dvbs blind scan, etc.
+     *
+     * @return the frontend hardware information.
+     */
+    String getHardwareInfo();
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
index ab8b0b8..1fcbb06 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
@@ -120,4 +120,11 @@
      * @return the newly opened Lnb iterface.
      */
     ILnb openLnbByName(in String lnbName, out int[] lnbId);
+
+    /**
+     * Enable or Disable Low Noise Amplifier (LNA).
+     *
+     * @param bEnable true if activate LNA module; false if deactivate LNA
+     */
+    void setLna(in boolean bEnable);
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp
index a4dde2a..714612d 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.cpp
@@ -87,47 +87,60 @@
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus Frontend::scan(const FrontendSettings& in_settings, FrontendScanType in_type) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
 
+    // If it's in middle of scanning, stop it first.
+    if (mScanThread.joinable()) {
+        mScanThread.join();
+    }
+
+    mFrontendSettings = in_settings;
+    mFrontendScanType = in_type;
+    mScanThread = std::thread(&Frontend::scanThreadLoop, this);
+
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+void Frontend::scanThreadLoop() {
     if (mIsLocked) {
         FrontendScanMessage msg;
         msg.set<FrontendScanMessage::Tag::isEnd>(true);
         mCallback->onScanMessage(FrontendScanMessageType::END, msg);
-        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        return;
     }
 
     int64_t frequency = 0;
-    switch (in_settings.getTag()) {
+    switch (mFrontendSettings.getTag()) {
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::analog:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::analog>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::analog>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::atsc:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::atsc>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::atsc>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::atsc3:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::atsc3>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::atsc3>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbs:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbs>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbs>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbc:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbc>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbc>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbt:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbt>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::dvbt>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbs:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbs>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbs>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbs3:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbs3>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbs3>().frequency;
             break;
         case FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbt:
-            frequency = in_settings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbt>().frequency;
+            frequency = mFrontendSettings.get<FrontendSettings::Tag::isdbt>().frequency;
             break;
         default:
             break;
     }
 
-    if (in_type == FrontendScanType::SCAN_BLIND) {
+    if (mFrontendScanType == FrontendScanType::SCAN_BLIND) {
         frequency += 100 * 1000;
     }
 
@@ -237,19 +250,28 @@
         mCallback->onScanMessage(FrontendScanMessageType::HIGH_PRIORITY, msg);
     }
 
+    if (mType == FrontendType::DVBT) {
+        FrontendScanMessage msg;
+        vector<int32_t> dvbtCellIds = {0, 1};
+        msg.set<FrontendScanMessage::Tag::dvbtCellIds>(dvbtCellIds);
+        mCallback->onScanMessage(FrontendScanMessageType::DVBT_CELL_IDS, msg);
+    }
+
     {
         FrontendScanMessage msg;
         msg.set<FrontendScanMessage::Tag::isLocked>(true);
         mCallback->onScanMessage(FrontendScanMessageType::LOCKED, msg);
         mIsLocked = true;
     }
-
-    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus Frontend::stopScan() {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
 
+    if (mScanThread.joinable()) {
+        mScanThread.join();
+    }
+
     mIsLocked = false;
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -681,6 +703,11 @@
                 status.set<FrontendStatus::streamIdList>(streamIds);
                 break;
             }
+            case FrontendStatusType::DVBT_CELL_IDS: {
+                vector<int32_t> dvbtCellIds = {0, 1};
+                status.set<FrontendStatus::dvbtCellIds>(dvbtCellIds);
+                break;
+            }
             default: {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -691,12 +718,6 @@
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Frontend::setLna(bool /* in_bEnable */) {
-    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-
-    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
 ::ndk::ScopedAStatus Frontend::setLnb(int32_t /* in_lnbId */) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
     if (!supportsSatellite()) {
@@ -731,6 +752,13 @@
     return STATUS_OK;
 }
 
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus Frontend::getHardwareInfo(std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    *_aidl_return = "Sample Frontend";
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 FrontendType Frontend::getFrontendType() {
     return mType;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h
index 5e7b10c..fdedf1e 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Frontend.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/BnFrontend.h>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
 #include "Tuner.h"
 
 using namespace std;
@@ -46,9 +47,9 @@
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getStatus(const std::vector<FrontendStatusType>& in_statusTypes,
                                    std::vector<FrontendStatus>* _aidl_return) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setLnb(int32_t in_lnbId) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setLna(bool in_bEnable) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus linkCiCam(int32_t in_ciCamId, int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus unlinkCiCam(int32_t in_ciCamId) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getHardwareInfo(std::string* _aidl_return) override;
 
     binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
 
@@ -60,13 +61,17 @@
   private:
     virtual ~Frontend();
     bool supportsSatellite();
+    void scanThreadLoop();
+
     std::shared_ptr<IFrontendCallback> mCallback;
     std::shared_ptr<Tuner> mTuner;
     FrontendType mType = FrontendType::UNDEFINED;
     int32_t mId = 0;
     bool mIsLocked = false;
     int32_t mCiCamId;
-
+    std::thread mScanThread;
+    FrontendSettings mFrontendSettings;
+    FrontendScanType mFrontendScanType;
     std::ifstream mFrontendData;
 };
 
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp
index 96e83bb..45f3dfa 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
             FrontendStatusType::GUARD_INTERVAL,
             FrontendStatusType::TRANSMISSION_MODE,
             FrontendStatusType::T2_SYSTEM_ID,
+            FrontendStatusType::DVBT_CELL_IDS,
     };
     mFrontendStatusCaps[4] = statusCaps;
 
@@ -317,6 +318,12 @@
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus Tuner::setLna(bool /* in_bEnable */) {
+    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 binder_status_t Tuner::dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
     {
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h
index 682496c..b33a1be 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus openLnbByName(const std::string& in_lnbName,
                                        std::vector<int32_t>* out_lnbId,
                                        std::shared_ptr<ILnb>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setLna(bool in_bEnable) override;
 
     binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
 
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
index 12b1f33..075ffad 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.cpp
@@ -405,6 +405,13 @@
                         expectStatuses[i].get<FrontendStatus::Tag::streamIdList>().begin()));
                 break;
             }
+            case FrontendStatusType::DVBT_CELL_IDS: {
+                ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(
+                        realStatuses[i].get<FrontendStatus::Tag::dvbtCellIds>().begin(),
+                        realStatuses[i].get<FrontendStatus::Tag::dvbtCellIds>().end(),
+                        expectStatuses[i].get<FrontendStatus::Tag::dvbtCellIds>().begin()));
+                break;
+            }
             default: {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -437,6 +444,7 @@
         getDvrTests()->startPlaybackInputThread(
                 mDvrConfig.playbackInputFile,
                 mDvrConfig.settings.get<DvrSettings::Tag::playback>());
+        getDvrTests()->startDvrPlayback();
     }
     mFrontendCallback->tuneTestOnLock(mFrontend, config.settings);
     return AssertionResult(true);
@@ -448,6 +456,7 @@
     status = mFrontend->stopTune();
     if (mIsSoftwareFe && testWithDemux) {
         getDvrTests()->stopPlaybackThread();
+        getDvrTests()->stopDvrPlayback();
         getDvrTests()->closeDvrPlayback();
     }
     return AssertionResult(status.isOk());
@@ -475,6 +484,13 @@
     feId = INVALID_ID;
 }
 
+AssertionResult FrontendTests::verifyHardwareInfo() {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mFrontend) << "Test with openFrontendById first.";
+    std::string info;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = mFrontend->getHardwareInfo(&info);
+    return AssertionResult(status.isOk() && !info.empty());
+}
+
 void FrontendTests::tuneTest(FrontendConfig frontendConf) {
     int32_t feId;
     getFrontendIdByType(frontendConf.type, feId);
@@ -491,6 +507,18 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(closeFrontend());
 }
 
+void FrontendTests::debugInfoTest(FrontendConfig frontendConf) {
+    int32_t feId;
+    getFrontendIdByType(frontendConf.type, feId);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(feId != INVALID_ID);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(openFrontendById(feId));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(setFrontendCallback());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tuneFrontend(frontendConf, false /*testWithDemux*/));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(verifyHardwareInfo());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(stopTuneFrontend(false /*testWithDemux*/));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(closeFrontend());
+}
+
 void FrontendTests::scanTest(FrontendConfig frontendConf, FrontendScanType scanType) {
     int32_t feId;
     getFrontendIdByType(frontendConf.type, feId);
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.h b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.h
index e5a9cd3..8f769a0 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/FrontendTests.h
@@ -94,10 +94,12 @@
 
     AssertionResult linkCiCam(int32_t ciCamId);
     AssertionResult unlinkCiCam(int32_t ciCamId);
+    AssertionResult verifyHardwareInfo();
 
     void getFrontendIdByType(FrontendType feType, int32_t& feId);
     void tuneTest(FrontendConfig frontendConf);
     void scanTest(FrontendConfig frontend, FrontendScanType type);
+    void debugInfoTest(FrontendConfig frontendConf);
 
     void setDvrTests(DvrTests* dvrTests) { mExternalDvrTests = dvrTests; }
     void setDemux(std::shared_ptr<IDemux> demux) { getDvrTests()->setDemux(demux); }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp
index 89e42df..f489bf7 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalTvTunerTargetTest.cpp
@@ -704,6 +704,9 @@
     bool mediaFilter = isMediaFilter(filterConf);
     auto filter = mFilterTests.getFilterById(filterId);
 
+    // startTime needs to be set before calling setDelayHint.
+    auto startTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
     auto timeDelayInMs = std::chrono::milliseconds(filterConf.timeDelayInMs);
     if (timeDelayInMs.count() > 0) {
         FilterDelayHint delayHint;
@@ -724,15 +727,22 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(filter->setDelayHint(delayHint).isOk(), !mediaFilter);
     }
 
-    // start and stop filter in order to circumvent callback scheduler race
-    // conditions after adjusting filter delays.
+    // start and stop filter (and wait for first callback) in order to
+    // circumvent callback scheduler race conditions after adjusting filter
+    // delays.
+    auto cb = mFilterTests.getFilterCallbacks().at(filterId);
+    auto future =
+            cb->verifyFilterCallback([](const std::vector<DemuxFilterEvent>&) { return true; });
     mFilterTests.startFilter(filterId);
+
+    auto timeout = std::chrono::seconds(30);
+    ASSERT_EQ(future.wait_for(timeout), std::future_status::ready);
+
     mFilterTests.stopFilter(filterId);
 
     if (!mediaFilter) {
-        auto cb = mFilterTests.getFilterCallbacks().at(filterId);
         int callbackSize = 0;
-        auto future = cb->verifyFilterCallback(
+        future = cb->verifyFilterCallback(
                 [&callbackSize](const std::vector<DemuxFilterEvent>& events) {
                     for (const auto& event : events) {
                         callbackSize += getDemuxFilterEventDataLength(event);
@@ -744,11 +754,9 @@
         // hint beforehand.
         ASSERT_TRUE(mFilterTests.configFilter(filterConf.settings, filterId));
 
-        auto startTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mFilterTests.startFilter(filterId));
 
         // block and wait for callback to be received.
-        auto timeout = std::chrono::seconds(30);
         ASSERT_EQ(future.wait_for(timeout), std::future_status::ready);
         auto duration = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - startTime;
 
@@ -883,6 +891,14 @@
     mFrontendTests.tuneTest(frontendMap[live.frontendId]);
 }
 
+TEST_P(TunerFrontendAidlTest, getHardwareInfo) {
+    description("Test Frontend get hardware info");
+    if (!live.hasFrontendConnection) {
+        return;
+    }
+    mFrontendTests.debugInfoTest(frontendMap[live.frontendId]);
+}
+
 TEST_P(TunerBroadcastAidlTest, BroadcastDataFlowVideoFilterTest) {
     description("Test Video Filter functionality in Broadcast use case.");
     if (!live.hasFrontendConnection) {
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.hostapd/current/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.hostapd/current/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl
index 36d2104..9dd062a 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.hostapd/current/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.hostapd/current/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl
@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@
 interface IHostapdCallback {
   oneway void onApInstanceInfoChanged(in android.hardware.wifi.hostapd.ApInfo apInfo);
   oneway void onConnectedClientsChanged(in android.hardware.wifi.hostapd.ClientInfo clientInfo);
-  oneway void onFailure(in String ifaceName);
+  oneway void onFailure(in String ifaceName, in String instanceName);
 }
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl
index 7b04944..456f46a 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/IHostapdCallback.aidl
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@
      * Invoked when an asynchronous failure is encountered in one of the access
      * points added via |IHostapd.addAccessPoint|.
      *
-     * @param ifaceName Name of the interface.
+     * @param ifaceName Name of the interface which was added via
+     *                  |IHostapd.addAccessPoint|.
+     * @param instanceName Name of the AP instance which is associated with
+     *                     the interface.
      */
-    oneway void onFailure(in String ifaceName);
+    oneway void onFailure(in String ifaceName, in String instanceName);
 }
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalHostapdTargetTest.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalHostapdTargetTest.cpp
index 41c54b3..dad7085 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalHostapdTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/vts/functional/VtsHalHostapdTargetTest.cpp
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@
         const ::aidl::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::ClientInfo &) override {
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onFailure(const std::string &) override {
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onFailure(const std::string&, const std::string&) override {
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 };