diff --git a/METADATA b/METADATA
deleted file mode 100644
index d97975c..0000000
--- a/METADATA
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-third_party {
-  license_type: NOTICE
-}
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol/current/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol/current/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl
index 2cb1760..57a9812 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol/current/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol/current/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl
@@ -35,11 +35,10 @@
 @JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @VintfStability
 parcelable AudioZone {
   String name;
-  int id;
+  int id = android.media.audio.common.AudioHalProductStrategy.ZoneId.DEFAULT /* 0 */;
   int occupantZoneId = UNASSIGNED_OCCUPANT /* -1 */;
   android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol.AudioZoneContext audioZoneContext;
   List<android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol.AudioZoneConfig> audioZoneConfigs;
   List<android.media.audio.common.AudioPort> inputAudioDevices;
-  const int PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE = 0;
   const int UNASSIGNED_OCCUPANT = (-1) /* -1 */;
 }
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioFadeConfiguration.aidl b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioFadeConfiguration.aidl
index d3181da..4190c46 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioFadeConfiguration.aidl
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioFadeConfiguration.aidl
@@ -73,6 +73,10 @@
 
     /**
      * Fade in delayed duration for audio focus offender in milliseconds
+     *
+     * <p>Fade offender are defined as audio players that do not stop playback after audio focus
+     * lost. This timeout serves to continue to fadeout the offender until audio is stopped or the
+     * timeout expires.
      */
     long fadeInDelayedForOffendersMs = DEFAULT_DELAY_FADE_IN_OFFENDERS_MS;
 
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl
index c90bcfd..d31d6fd 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/AudioZone.aidl
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 import android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol.AudioZoneConfig;
 import android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol.AudioZoneContext;
+import android.media.audio.common.AudioHalProductStrategy;
 import android.media.audio.common.AudioPort;
 
 /**
@@ -27,11 +28,6 @@
 @VintfStability
 parcelable AudioZone {
     /**
-     * Value indicating the primary audio zone
-     */
-    const int PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE = 0;
-
-    /**
      * Value indicating the occupant zone is not assigned.
      */
     const int UNASSIGNED_OCCUPANT = -1;
@@ -47,8 +43,11 @@
     /**
      * Audio zone id use to distiguish between the different audio zones for
      * volume management, fade, and min/max activation management.
+     *
+     * <p>Value must start at {@link AudioHalProductStrategy#ZoneId#DEFAULT} for the primary zone
+     * and increase for each different zone. Zone id must also not repeat for different zones.
      */
-    int id;
+    int id = AudioHalProductStrategy.ZoneId.DEFAULT;
 
     /**
      * Occupant zone id that should be mapped to this audio zone.
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/VolumeGroupConfig.aidl b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/VolumeGroupConfig.aidl
index 7e3bc60..bea80ce 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/VolumeGroupConfig.aidl
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/VolumeGroupConfig.aidl
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
     /**
      * Audio zone group name.
      *
-     * <p>Must be non-empty if using configurable audio policy engine volume management, see
-     * {@code AudioDeviceConfiguration#useCoreAudioVolume} for details.
+     * <p>Must be non-empty if using configurable audio policy engine volume management,
+     * {@see AudioDeviceConfiguration#useCoreAudioVolume} for details. For non-core volume group
+     * management this can be left empty or use for debugging purposes.
      */
     String name;
 
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/src/CarAudioConfigurationXmlConverter.cpp b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/src/CarAudioConfigurationXmlConverter.cpp
index 206ce0c..f4e8123 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/src/CarAudioConfigurationXmlConverter.cpp
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/src/CarAudioConfigurationXmlConverter.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceDescription;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioHalProductStrategy;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortDeviceExt;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
@@ -537,6 +538,7 @@
 
 bool parseAudioZone(const xsd::ZoneType& zone, const ActivationMap& activations,
                     const FadeConfigurationMap& fadeConfigurations, api::AudioZone& audioZone) {
+    static int kPrimaryZoneId = static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT);
     if (zone.hasName()) {
         audioZone.name = zone.getName();
     }
@@ -558,7 +560,7 @@
     bool isPrimary = zone.hasIsPrimary() && zone.getIsPrimary();
 
     if (isPrimary) {
-        audioZone.id = api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE;
+        audioZone.id = kPrimaryZoneId;
     }
 
     // ID not required in XML for primary zone
@@ -569,10 +571,10 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (isPrimary && audioZone.id != api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE) {
+    if (isPrimary && audioZone.id != kPrimaryZoneId) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " Audio zone is primary but has zone id "
                    << std::to_string(audioZone.id) << " instead of primary zone id "
-                   << std::to_string(api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE);
+                   << std::to_string(kPrimaryZoneId);
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/test/AudioControlConverterUnitTest.cpp b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/test/AudioControlConverterUnitTest.cpp
index b6bebe5..d11a59a 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/test/AudioControlConverterUnitTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/converter/test/AudioControlConverterUnitTest.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
 using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceDescription;
 using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceType;
+using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioHalProductStrategy;
 using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
 using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortDeviceExt;
 using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
@@ -476,7 +477,7 @@
         {kBusMediaVolumeGroup, kBusNavVolumeGroup, kBusCallVolumeGroup, kBusSysVolumeGroup}, true);
 
 const api::AudioZone kDriverZone =
-        createAudioZone("driver zone", api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE,
+        createAudioZone("driver zone", static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT),
                         kSimpleCarAudioConfigurationContext, {kDriverZoneConfig});
 
 const api::AudioZoneFadeConfiguration kZoneAudioConfigFading = createAudioZoneFadeConfiguration(
@@ -491,9 +492,9 @@
                        "oem_system_sound", "oem_notification"})});
 const api::AudioZoneConfig kFrontZoneConfig = createAudioZoneConfig(
         "front passenger config 0", kZoneAudioConfigFading, {kFrontVolumeGroup}, true);
-const api::AudioZone kFrontZone =
-        createAudioZone("front passenger zone", api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE + 1,
-                        kSimpleCarAudioConfigurationContext, {kFrontZoneConfig});
+const api::AudioZone kFrontZone = createAudioZone(
+        "front passenger zone", static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT) + 1,
+        kSimpleCarAudioConfigurationContext, {kFrontZoneConfig});
 
 const AudioPort kBusRearDevice = createAudioPort("BUS_REAR", AudioDeviceType::OUT_BUS);
 const api::VolumeGroupConfig kRearVolumeGroup =
@@ -503,9 +504,9 @@
                                                          "oem_system_sound", "oem_notification"})});
 const api::AudioZoneConfig kRearZoneConfig = createAudioZoneConfig(
         "rear seat config 0", kZoneAudioConfigFading, {kRearVolumeGroup}, true);
-const api::AudioZone kRearZone =
-        createAudioZone("rear seat zone", api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE + 2,
-                        kSimpleCarAudioConfigurationContext, {kRearZoneConfig});
+const api::AudioZone kRearZone = createAudioZone(
+        "rear seat zone", static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT) + 2,
+        kSimpleCarAudioConfigurationContext, {kRearZoneConfig});
 
 std::vector<api::AudioZone> kMultiZones = {kDriverZone, kFrontZone, kRearZone};
 
@@ -624,7 +625,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(zones.size(), 1);
 
     const auto& zone = zones.front();
-    EXPECT_EQ(zone.id, api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(zone.id, static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT));
     EXPECT_EQ(zone.occupantZoneId, 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(zone.name, "primary zone");
 
@@ -685,7 +686,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(zones.size(), 1);
 
     const auto& zone = zones.front();
-    EXPECT_EQ(zone.id, api::AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(zone.id, static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT));
     EXPECT_EQ(zone.occupantZoneId, 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(zone.name, "primary zone");
 
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioControlTargetTest.cpp b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioControlTargetTest.cpp
index 6781a81..f01f04d 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioControlTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioControlTargetTest.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/BnModuleChangeCallback.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/audiocontrol/IAudioControl.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
+#include <android/media/audio/common/AudioHalProductStrategy.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <include/AudioControlTestUtils.h>
@@ -63,6 +64,8 @@
         DEFAULT_MAX_ACTIVATION_VALUE;
 using android::hardware::automotive::audiocontrol::VolumeActivationConfigurationEntry::
         DEFAULT_MIN_ACTIVATION_VALUE;
+using android::media::audio::common::AudioHalProductStrategy;
+
 using ::testing::AnyOf;
 using ::testing::Eq;
 
@@ -199,7 +202,7 @@
 void validateVolumeGroupInfo(const AudioZoneConfig& audioZoneConfig,
                              const VolumeGroupConfig& volumeGroupConfig,
                              const AudioDeviceConfiguration& deviceConfig,
-                             std::set<std::string>& groupDevices) {
+                             std::set<std::string>& groupDevices, std::set<int>& groupIds) {
     std::string zoneConfigName = testutils::toAlphaNumeric(ToString(audioZoneConfig.name));
     std::string volumeGroupName = testutils::toAlphaNumeric(ToString(volumeGroupConfig.name));
     std::string volumeGroupInfo =
@@ -212,6 +215,10 @@
         EXPECT_FALSE(volumeGroupConfig.name.empty())
                 << volumeGroupInfo << " must have a non-empty volume name";
     }
+    if (volumeGroupConfig.id != VolumeGroupConfig::UNASSIGNED_ID) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(groupIds.insert(volumeGroupConfig.id).second)
+                << volumeGroupInfo << " repeats volume group id " << volumeGroupConfig.id;
+    }
     for (const auto& audioRoute : volumeGroupConfig.carAudioRoutes) {
         std::string routeMessage;
         EXPECT_TRUE(hasValidAudioRoute(audioRoute, routeMessage, groupDevices))
@@ -257,6 +264,7 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(audioZoneConfig.volumeGroups.empty())
             << "Volume groups for zone config " << zoneConfigName.c_str();
     std::set<std::string> groupDevices;
+    std::set<int> groupIds;
     for (const auto& volumeGroup : audioZoneConfig.volumeGroups) {
         ALOGI("Zone config name %s volume group test %s", zoneConfigName.c_str(),
               ToString(volumeGroup.name).c_str());
@@ -271,7 +279,7 @@
         if (deviceConfig.routingConfig == CONFIGURABLE_AUDIO_ENGINE_ROUTING) {
             groupDevices.clear();
         }
-        validateVolumeGroupInfo(audioZoneConfig, volumeGroup, deviceConfig, groupDevices);
+        validateVolumeGroupInfo(audioZoneConfig, volumeGroup, deviceConfig, groupDevices, groupIds);
     }
     const auto& audioZoneContexts = carAudioZone.audioZoneContext.audioContextInfos;
     std::map<std::string, AudioZoneContextInfo> infoNameToInfo;
@@ -623,7 +631,7 @@
     std::set<android::String16> zoneNames;
     std::set<std::string> deviceAddresses;
     for (const auto& zone : audioZones) {
-        if (zone.id == AudioZone::PRIMARY_AUDIO_ZONE) {
+        if (zone.id == static_cast<int>(AudioHalProductStrategy::ZoneId::DEFAULT)) {
             EXPECT_FALSE(primaryZoneFound) << "There can only be one primary zone";
             primaryZoneFound = true;
         }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json
index 0ea4ddd..272f7c5 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json
@@ -137,6 +137,11 @@
                 "description": "Instantaneous Fuel Economy in L\/100km.\nThis property must communicate the instantaneous fuel economy of the vehicle in units of L\/100km. The property's value is independent of DISTANCE_DISPLAY_UNITS, FUEL_VOLUME_DISPLAY_UNITS, and FUEL_CONSUMPTION_UNITS_DISTANCE_OVER_VOLUME property i.e. this property must always communicate the value in L\/100km.\nFor the EV version of this property, see INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY."
             },
             {
+                "name": "INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY",
+                "value": 291504658,
+                "description": "Instantaneous EV efficiency in km\/kWh.\nThis property must communicate the instantaneous EV battery efficiency of the vehicle in units of km\/kWh. The property's value is independent of the DISTANCE_DISPLAY_UNITS and EV_BATTERY_DISPLAY_UNITS properties i.e. this property must always communicate the value in km\/kWh.\nFor the fuel version of this property, see INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY."
+            },
+            {
                 "name": "Temperature of engine coolant",
                 "value": 291504897,
                 "description": "Temperature of engine coolant"
@@ -221,6 +226,31 @@
                 "description": "Critically low tire pressure\nThis property indicates the critically low pressure threshold for each tire. It indicates when it is time for tires to be replaced or fixed. The value must be less than or equal to minFloatValue in TIRE_PRESSURE. Minimum and maximum property values (that is, minFloatValue, maxFloatValue) are not applicable to this property."
             },
             {
+                "name": "ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE",
+                "value": 291504911,
+                "description": "Accelerator pedal compression percentage.\nThis property must communicate the percentage that the physical accelerator pedal in the vehicle is compressed. This property must return a float value from 0 to 100.\n0 indicates the pedal is not compressed. 100 indicates the pedal is maximally compressed."
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE",
+                "value": 291504912,
+                "description": "Brake pedal compression percentage.\nThis property must communicate the percentage that the physical brake pedal in the vehicle is compressed. This property must return a float value from 0 to 100.\n0 indicates the pedal is not compressed. 100 indicates the pedal is maximally compressed."
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Brake pad wear percentage.",
+                "value": 392168209,
+                "description": "Brake pad wear percentage.\nThis property must communicate the amount of brake pad wear accumulated by the vehicle as a percentage. This property return a float value from 0 to 100.\n0 indicates the brake pad has no wear. 100 indicates the brake pad is maximally worn."
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "Brake fluid low.",
+                "value": 287310610,
+                "description": "Brake fluid low.\nThis property must communicate that the brake fluid level in the vehicle is low according to the OEM. This property must match the vehicle's brake fluid level status as displayed on the instrument cluster. If the brake fluid level is low, this property must be set to true. If not, it must be set to false."
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT",
+                "value": 390071059,
+                "description": "Vehicle Passive Suspension Height in mm.\nThis property must communicate the real-time suspension displacement of the vehicle relative to its neutral position, given in mm. In other words, the displacement of the suspension at any given point in time relative to the suspension's position when the vehicle is on a flat surface with no passengers or cargo. When the suspension is compressed in comparison to the neutral position, the value should be negative. When the suspension is decompressed in comparison to the neutral position, the value should be positive.\nExamples for further clarity: 1) Suppose the user is driving on a smooth flat surface, and all wheels are currently compressed by 2 cm in comparison to the default suspension height. In this scenario, this property must be set to -20 for all wheels. 2) Suppose the user drives over a pothole. While the front left wheel is over the pothole, it's decompressed by 3 cm in comparison to the rest of the wheels, or 1 cm in comparison to the default suspension height. All the others are still compressed by 2 cm. In this scenario, this property must be set to -20 for all wheels except for the front left, which must be set to 10.\nHasSupportedValueInfo.hasMinSupportedValue and HasSupportedValueInfo.hasMaxSupportedValue must be true for all areas.\nMinMaxSupportedValueResult.minSupportedValue represents the lower bound of the suspension height for the wheel at the specified area ID.\nMinMaxSupportedValueResult.maxSupportedValue represents the upper bound of the suspension height for the wheel at the specified area ID."
+            },
+            {
                 "name": "ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED",
                 "value": 287310624,
                 "description": "Represents feature for engine idle automatic stop.\nIf true, the vehicle may automatically shut off the engine when it is not needed and then automatically restart it when needed.\nThis property is defined as VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE, but OEMs have the option to implement it as VehiclePropertyAccess.READ only."
@@ -235,6 +265,11 @@
                 "description": "Impact detected.\nBit flag property to relay information on whether an impact has occurred on a particular side of the vehicle as described through the ImpactSensorLocation enum. As a bit flag property, this property can be set to multiple ORed together values of the enum when necessary.\nFor the global area ID (0), {@code getSupportedValuesList} must return a {@code SupportedValuesListResult} that contains supported values unless all bit flags of ImpactSensorLocation are supported.\nFor backward compatibility, if {@code SupportedValuesListResult} is defined, {@code VehicleAreaConfig#supportedEnumValues} must be set to the same values."
             },
             {
+                "name": "Vehicle horn engaged.",
+                "value": 287310656,
+                "description": "Vehicle horn engaged.\nThis property must communicate if the vehicle's horn is currently engaged or not. If true, the horn is engaged. If false, the horn is disengaged."
+            },
+            {
                 "name": "Currently selected gear",
                 "value": 289408000,
                 "data_enums": [
@@ -1393,7 +1428,16 @@
                     "VehicleAutonomousState"
                 ],
                 "data_enum": "VehicleAutonomousState",
-                "description": "Current state of vehicle autonomy.\nDefines the level of autonomy currently engaged in the vehicle from the J3016_202104 revision of the SAE standard levels 0-5, with 0 representing no autonomy and 5 representing full driving automation. These levels should be used in accordance with the standards defined in https:\/\/www.sae.org\/standards\/content\/j3016_202104\/ and https:\/\/www.sae.org\/blog\/sae-j3016-update\nFor the global area ID (0), the VehicleAreaConfig#supportedEnumValues array must be defined unless all states of VehicleAutonomousState are supported."
+                "description": "Current state of vehicle autonomy.\nDefines the level of autonomy currently engaged in the vehicle from the J3016_202104 revision of the SAE standard levels 0-5, with 0 representing no autonomy and 5 representing full driving automation.\nFor the global area ID (0), the VehicleAreaConfig#supportedEnumValues array must be defined unless all states of VehicleAutonomousState are supported."
+            },
+            {
+                "name": "VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL",
+                "value": 289410895,
+                "data_enums": [
+                    "VehicleAutonomousState"
+                ],
+                "data_enum": "VehicleAutonomousState",
+                "description": "Target state of vehicle autonomy.\nDefines the level of autonomy being targeted by the vehicle from the J3016_202104 revision of the SAE standard levels 0-5, with 0 representing no autonomy and 5 representing full driving automation.\nFor example, suppose the vehicle is currently in a Level 3 state of automation and wants to give the driver full manual control (i.e. Level 0) as soon as it's safe to do so. In this scenario, this property must be set to VehicleAutonomousState.LEVEL_0. Similarly, if the vehicle is currently in Level 1 state of automation and wants to go up to Level 2, this property must be set to VehicleAutonomousState.LEVEL_2. If the vehicle has already reached and is currently in the target level of autonomy, this property must be equal to the value of VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL.\nFor the global area ID (0), the SupportedValuesListResult#supportedValuesList array must be defined unless all states of VehicleAutonomousState are supported. These values must match the values in supportedValuesList of VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL.\nFor the property that communicates the current state of autonomy, see VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL."
             },
             {
                 "name": "CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/3/cpp/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/3/cpp/Android.bp
index 8e750b1..612ed64 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/3/cpp/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/3/cpp/Android.bp
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@
     vendor_available: true,
     local_include_dirs: ["."],
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
-    defaults: ["VehicleHalInterfaceDefaults"],
+    defaults: ["VehicleHalInterfaceDefaults-V3"],
     host_supported: true,
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h
index 8ae3d6d..8441af3 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::PERF_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::PERF_REAR_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMP, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_OIL_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_OIL_TEMP, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
@@ -73,8 +74,14 @@
         {VehicleProperty::EV_BATTERY_AVERAGE_TEMPERATURE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::IMPACT_DETECTED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::GEAR_SELECTION, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::CURRENT_GEAR, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::PARKING_BRAKE_ON, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
@@ -267,6 +274,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_IN_USE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::CLUSTER_HEARTBEAT, VehiclePropertyAccess::WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE, VehiclePropertyAccess::WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::PER_DISPLAY_MAX_BRIGHTNESS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h
index fac1540..3775f18 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::PERF_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::PERF_REAR_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
+        {VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMP, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_OIL_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_OIL_TEMP, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
@@ -73,8 +74,14 @@
         {VehicleProperty::EV_BATTERY_AVERAGE_TEMPERATURE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC},
+        {VehicleProperty::ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::IMPACT_DETECTED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::GEAR_SELECTION, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::CURRENT_GEAR, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::PARKING_BRAKE_ON, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
@@ -267,6 +274,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_IN_USE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::CLUSTER_HEARTBEAT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::PER_DISPLAY_MAX_BRIGHTNESS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC},
         {VehicleProperty::AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/VersionForVehicleProperty.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/VersionForVehicleProperty.h
index 5d25a5a..0a28b68 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/VersionForVehicleProperty.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/cpp/VersionForVehicleProperty.h
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::PERF_STEERING_ANGLE, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::PERF_REAR_STEERING_ANGLE, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY, 4},
+        {VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY, 4},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMP, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_OIL_LEVEL, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_OIL_TEMP, 2},
@@ -72,8 +73,14 @@
         {VehicleProperty::EV_BATTERY_AVERAGE_TEMPERATURE, 3},
         {VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE, 2},
+        {VehicleProperty::ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, 4},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, 4},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE, 4},
+        {VehicleProperty::BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW, 4},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT, 4},
         {VehicleProperty::ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::IMPACT_DETECTED, 3},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED, 4},
         {VehicleProperty::GEAR_SELECTION, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::CURRENT_GEAR, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::PARKING_BRAKE_ON, 2},
@@ -266,6 +273,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_IN_USE, 2},
         {VehicleProperty::CLUSTER_HEARTBEAT, 3},
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL, 3},
+        {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL, 4},
         {VehicleProperty::CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE, 3},
         {VehicleProperty::PER_DISPLAY_MAX_BRIGHTNESS, 3},
         {VehicleProperty::AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED, 2},
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java
index fb41dd5..1a68d4d 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PERF_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PERF_REAR_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMP, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_OIL_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_OIL_TEMP, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
@@ -66,8 +67,14 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.EV_BATTERY_AVERAGE_TEMPERATURE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.IMPACT_DETECTED, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.GEAR_SELECTION, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CURRENT_GEAR, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PARKING_BRAKE_ON, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
@@ -260,6 +267,7 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_IN_USE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CLUSTER_HEARTBEAT, VehiclePropertyAccess.WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE, VehiclePropertyAccess.WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PER_DISPLAY_MAX_BRIGHTNESS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java
index 78fa2ba..a0dab66 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PERF_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PERF_REAR_STEERING_ANGLE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMP, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_OIL_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_OIL_TEMP, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
@@ -66,8 +67,14 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.EV_BATTERY_AVERAGE_TEMPERATURE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.IMPACT_DETECTED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.GEAR_SELECTION, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CURRENT_GEAR, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PARKING_BRAKE_ON, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
@@ -260,6 +267,7 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_IN_USE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CLUSTER_HEARTBEAT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.PER_DISPLAY_MAX_BRIGHTNESS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/EnumForVehicleProperty.java b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/EnumForVehicleProperty.java
index 1661c0b..7ab14ec 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/EnumForVehicleProperty.java
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/4/java/EnumForVehicleProperty.java
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.GENERAL_SAFETY_REGULATION_COMPLIANCE_REQUIREMENT, List.of(GsrComplianceRequirementType.class)),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SHUTDOWN_REQUEST, List.of(VehicleApPowerStateShutdownParam.class)),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL, List.of(VehicleAutonomousState.class)),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL, List.of(VehicleAutonomousState.class)),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE, List.of(CameraServiceState.class)),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_STATE, List.of(AutomaticEmergencyBrakingState.class, ErrorState.class)),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.FORWARD_COLLISION_WARNING_STATE, List.of(ForwardCollisionWarningState.class, ErrorState.class)),
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
index 8a7a124..86ac92e 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
@@ -1490,6 +1490,16 @@
             "minSampleRate": 1.0
         },
         {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "floatValues": [
+                    0.0
+                ]
+            },
+            "maxSampleRate": 10.0,
+            "minSampleRate": 1.0
+        },
+        {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::ENGINE_RPM",
             "defaultValue": {
                 "floatValues": [
@@ -1734,6 +1744,118 @@
             ]
         },
         {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "floatValues": [
+                    0.0
+                ]
+            },
+            "maxSampleRate": 10.0,
+            "minSampleRate": 1.0
+        },
+        {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "floatValues": [
+                    0.0
+                ]
+            },
+            "maxSampleRate": 10.0,
+            "minSampleRate": 1.0
+        },
+        {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE",
+            "areas": [
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT",
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "floatValues": [
+                            0.0
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_FRONT_RIGHT",
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "floatValues": [
+                            0.0
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_REAR_LEFT",
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "floatValues": [
+                            0.0
+                        ]
+                    }
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_REAR_RIGHT",
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "floatValues": [
+                            0.0
+                        ]
+                    }
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    0
+                ]
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT",
+            "areas": [
+                {
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "int32Values": [
+                            0
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -100,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 100
+                },
+                {
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "int32Values": [
+                            0
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_FRONT_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -100,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 100
+                },
+                {
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "int32Values": [
+                            0
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_REAR_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -100,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 100
+                },
+                {
+                    "defaultValue": {
+                        "int32Values": [
+                            0
+                        ]
+                    },
+                    "areaId": "Constants::WHEEL_REAR_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -100,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 100
+                }
+            ],
+            "maxSampleRate": 10.0,
+            "minSampleRate": 1.0
+        },
+        {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE_DISPLAY_UNITS",
             "defaultValue": {
                 "int32Values": [
@@ -2627,6 +2749,14 @@
             ]
         },
         {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    0
+                ]
+            }
+        },
+        {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::DOOR_LOCK",
             "areas": [
                 {
@@ -4783,6 +4913,14 @@
             }
         },
         {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    "VehicleAutonomousState::LEVEL_0"
+                ]
+            }
+        },
+        {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED",
             "defaultValue": {
                 "int32Values": [
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.property/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl b/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.property/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
index f494d45..6188dd9 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.property/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.property/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
   PERF_STEERING_ANGLE = (((0x0209 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00600000) /* 291504649 */,
   PERF_REAR_STEERING_ANGLE = (((0x0210 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00600000) /* 291504656 */,
   INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY = (((0x0211 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT) /* 291504657 */,
+  INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY = (((0x0212 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT) /* 291504658 */,
   ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMP = (((0x0301 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00600000) /* 291504897 */,
   ENGINE_OIL_LEVEL = (((0x0303 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00400000) /* 289407747 */,
   ENGINE_OIL_TEMP = (((0x0304 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00600000) /* 291504900 */,
@@ -72,8 +73,14 @@
   EV_BATTERY_AVERAGE_TEMPERATURE = (((0x030E + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT) /* 291504910 */,
   TIRE_PRESSURE = (((0x0309 + 0x10000000) + 0x07000000) + 0x00600000) /* 392168201 */,
   CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE = (((0x030A + 0x10000000) + 0x07000000) + 0x00600000) /* 392168202 */,
+  ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE = (((0x030F + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT) /* 291504911 */,
+  BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE = (((0x0310 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT) /* 291504912 */,
+  BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE = (((0x0311 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.WHEEL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT) /* 392168209 */,
+  BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW = (((0x0312 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN) /* 287310610 */,
+  VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT = (((0x0313 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.WHEEL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.INT32) /* 390071059 */,
   ENGINE_IDLE_AUTO_STOP_ENABLED = (((0x0320 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN) /* 287310624 */,
   IMPACT_DETECTED = (((0x0330 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.INT32) /* 289407792 */,
+  VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED = (((0x0340 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN) /* 287310656 */,
   GEAR_SELECTION = (((0x0400 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00400000) /* 289408000 */,
   CURRENT_GEAR = (((0x0401 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00400000) /* 289408001 */,
   PARKING_BRAKE_ON = (((0x0402 + 0x10000000) + 0x01000000) + 0x00200000) /* 287310850 */,
@@ -266,6 +273,7 @@
   VEHICLE_IN_USE = (((0x0F4A + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN) /* 287313738 */,
   CLUSTER_HEARTBEAT = (((0x0F4B + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.MIXED) /* 299896651 */,
   VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL = (((0x0F4C + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.INT32) /* 289410892 */,
+  VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL = (((0x0F4F + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.INT32) /* 289410895 */,
   CAMERA_SERVICE_CURRENT_STATE = (((0x0F4D + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.INT32_VEC) /* 289476429 */,
   PER_DISPLAY_MAX_BRIGHTNESS = (((0x0F4E + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.INT32_VEC) /* 289476430 */,
   AUTOMATIC_EMERGENCY_BRAKING_ENABLED = (((0x1000 + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehicleArea.GLOBAL) + android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN) /* 287313920 */,
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl b/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
index add8f27..43675ff 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl_property/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
@@ -358,6 +358,22 @@
     INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY =
             0x0211 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT,
     /**
+     * Instantaneous EV efficiency in km/kWh.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate the instantaneous EV battery efficiency of the vehicle in
+     * units of km/kWh. The property's value is independent of the DISTANCE_DISPLAY_UNITS and
+     * EV_BATTERY_DISPLAY_UNITS properties i.e. this property must always communicate the value in
+     * km/kWh.
+     *
+     * For the fuel version of this property, see INSTANTANEOUS_FUEL_ECONOMY.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY =
+            0x0212 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT,
+    /**
      * Temperature of engine coolant
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS
@@ -634,6 +650,100 @@
     CRITICALLY_LOW_TIRE_PRESSURE = 0x030A + 0x10000000 + 0x07000000
             + 0x00600000, // VehiclePropertyGroup:SYSTEM,VehicleArea:WHEEL,VehiclePropertyType:FLOAT
     /**
+     * Accelerator pedal compression percentage.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate the percentage that the physical accelerator pedal in the
+     * vehicle is compressed. This property must return a float value from 0 to 100.
+     *
+     * 0 indicates the pedal is not compressed.
+     * 100 indicates the pedal is maximally compressed.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE =
+            0x030F + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT,
+    /**
+     * Brake pedal compression percentage.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate the percentage that the physical brake pedal in the vehicle is
+     * compressed. This property must return a float value from 0 to 100.
+     *
+     * 0 indicates the pedal is not compressed.
+     * 100 indicates the pedal is maximally compressed.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE =
+            0x0310 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT,
+    /**
+     * Brake pad wear percentage.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate the amount of brake pad wear accumulated by the vehicle as a
+     * percentage. This property return a float value from 0 to 100.
+     *
+     * 0 indicates the brake pad has no wear.
+     * 100 indicates the brake pad is maximally worn.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE =
+            0x0311 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.WHEEL + VehiclePropertyType.FLOAT,
+    /**
+     * Brake fluid low.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate that the brake fluid level in the vehicle is low according to
+     * the OEM. This property must match the vehicle's brake fluid level status as displayed on the
+     * instrument cluster. If the brake fluid level is low, this property must be set to true. If
+     * not, it must be set to false.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW =
+            0x0312 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN,
+    /**
+     * Vehicle Passive Suspension Height in mm.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate the real-time suspension displacement of the vehicle relative
+     * to its neutral position, given in mm. In other words, the displacement of the suspension at
+     * any given point in time relative to the suspension's position when the vehicle is on a flat
+     * surface with no passengers or cargo. When the suspension is compressed in comparison to the
+     * neutral position, the value should be negative. When the suspension is decompressed in
+     * comparison to the neutral position, the value should be positive.
+     *
+     * Examples for further clarity:
+     *   1) Suppose the user is driving on a smooth flat surface, and all wheels are currently
+     *   compressed by 2 cm in comparison to the default suspension height. In this scenario, this
+     *   property must be set to -20 for all wheels.
+     *   2) Suppose the user drives over a pothole. While the front left wheel is over the pothole,
+     *   it's decompressed by 3 cm in comparison to the rest of the wheels, or 1 cm in comparison to
+     *   the default suspension height. All the others are still compressed by 2 cm. In this
+     *   scenario, this property must be set to -20 for all wheels except for the front left, which
+     *   must be set to 10.
+     *
+     * HasSupportedValueInfo.hasMinSupportedValue and HasSupportedValueInfo.hasMaxSupportedValue
+     * must be true for all areas.
+     *
+     * MinMaxSupportedValueResult.minSupportedValue represents the lower bound of the suspension
+     * height for the wheel at the specified area ID.
+     *
+     * MinMaxSupportedValueResult.maxSupportedValue represents the upper bound of the suspension
+     * height for the wheel at the specified area ID.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.CONTINUOUS
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT =
+            0x0313 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.WHEEL + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
+    /**
      * Represents feature for engine idle automatic stop.
      *
      * If true, the vehicle may automatically shut off the engine when it is not needed and then
@@ -671,6 +781,19 @@
     IMPACT_DETECTED =
             0x0330 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
     /**
+     * Vehicle horn engaged.
+     *
+     * This property must communicate if the vehicle's horn is currently engaged or not. If true,
+     * the horn is engaged. If false, the horn is disengaged.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED =
+            0x0340 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN,
+    /**
      * Currently selected gear
      *
      * This is the gear selected by the user.
@@ -5370,9 +5493,7 @@
      *
      * Defines the level of autonomy currently engaged in the vehicle from the J3016_202104 revision
      * of the SAE standard levels 0-5, with 0 representing no autonomy and 5 representing full
-     * driving automation. These levels should be used in accordance with the standards defined in
-     * https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_202104/ and
-     * https://www.sae.org/blog/sae-j3016-update
+     * driving automation.
      *
      * For the global area ID (0), the VehicleAreaConfig#supportedEnumValues array must be defined
      * unless all states of VehicleAutonomousState are supported.
@@ -5384,7 +5505,35 @@
      */
     VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL =
             0x0F4C + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
-
+    /**
+     * Target state of vehicle autonomy.
+     *
+     * Defines the level of autonomy being targeted by the vehicle from the J3016_202104 revision of
+     * the SAE standard levels 0-5, with 0 representing no autonomy and 5 representing full driving
+     * automation.
+     *
+     * For example, suppose the vehicle is currently in a Level 3 state of automation and wants to
+     * give the driver full manual control (i.e. Level 0) as soon as it's safe to do so. In this
+     * scenario, this property must be set to VehicleAutonomousState.LEVEL_0. Similarly, if the
+     * vehicle is currently in Level 1 state of automation and wants to go up to Level 2, this
+     * property must be set to VehicleAutonomousState.LEVEL_2. If the vehicle has already reached
+     * and is currently in the target level of autonomy, this property must be equal to the value of
+     * VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL.
+     *
+     * For the global area ID (0), the SupportedValuesListResult#supportedValuesList array must be
+     * defined unless all states of VehicleAutonomousState are supported. These values must match
+     * the values in supportedValuesList of VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL.
+     *
+     * For the property that communicates the current state of autonomy, see
+     * VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_CURRENT_LEVEL.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
+     * @data_enum VehicleAutonomousState
+     * @version 4
+     */
+    VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL =
+            0x0F4F + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
     /**
      * Reports current state of CarEvsService types.
      *
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp
index c6c1af9..02a9830 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -1406,6 +1406,54 @@
                    VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
 }
 
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyInstantaneousEvEfficiencyConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::INSTANTANEOUS_EV_EFFICIENCY, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyVehicleHornEngagedConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_HORN_ENGAGED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::BOOLEAN);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyVehicleDrivingAutomationTargetLevelConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_DRIVING_AUTOMATION_TARGET_LEVEL,
+                   VehiclePropertyAccess::READ, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
+                   VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM, VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyAcceleratorPedalCompressionPercentageConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE,
+                   VehiclePropertyAccess::READ, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS,
+                   VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM, VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyBrakePedalCompressionPercentageConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PEDAL_COMPRESSION_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyBrakePadWearPercentageConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::BRAKE_PAD_WEAR_PERCENTAGE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::WHEEL, VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyBrakeFluidLevelLowConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::BRAKE_FLUID_LEVEL_LOW, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::GLOBAL, VehiclePropertyType::BOOLEAN);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifyVehiclePassiveSuspensionHeightConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_PASSIVE_SUSPENSION_HEIGHT, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::CONTINUOUS, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::WHEEL, VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+}
+
 bool VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest::checkIsSupported(int32_t propertyId) {
     auto result = mVhalClient->getPropConfigs({propertyId});
     return result.ok();
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl b/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl
index a315438..b285337 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl
@@ -43,4 +43,5 @@
   ENDPOINT_GONE,
   ENDPOINT_CRASHED,
   HUB_RESET,
+  PERMISSION_DENIED,
 }
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl b/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl
index 65d9f8a..8a86f94 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/Reason.aidl
@@ -63,4 +63,9 @@
      * Hub was reset or is resetting.
      */
     HUB_RESET,
+
+    /**
+     * The caller does not have the required permissions.
+     */
+    PERMISSION_DENIED,
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl
index 5f8fee7..1df2123 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
   @VintfStability
   parcelable GnssSatelliteCorrections {
     int svid;
-    android.hardware.gnss.gnss_assistance.IonosphericCorrection[] inonosphericCorrections;
+    android.hardware.gnss.gnss_assistance.IonosphericCorrection[] ionosphericCorrections;
   }
   @VintfStability
   parcelable GpsAssistance {
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl
index e02d97f..6e8434a 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl
@@ -36,5 +36,5 @@
 @VintfStability
 parcelable IonosphericCorrection {
   long carrierFrequencyHz;
-  android.hardware.gnss.gnss_assistance.GnssCorrectionComponent ionosphericCorrection;
+  android.hardware.gnss.gnss_assistance.GnssCorrectionComponent ionosphericCorrectionComponent;
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl
index ddff848..4bf6154 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/GnssAssistance.aidl
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
          * OSN number for Glonass. The distinction is made by looking at the constellation field.
          * Values must be in the range of:
          *
-         * - GNSS:    1-32
+         * - GPS:    1-32
          * - GLONASS: 1-25
          * - QZSS:    183-206
          * - Galileo: 1-36
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
         int svid;
 
         /** Ionospheric corrections */
-        IonosphericCorrection[] inonosphericCorrections;
+        IonosphericCorrection[] ionosphericCorrections;
     }
 
     /** Contains GPS assistance. */
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl
index e8e50bd..fe6b63d 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/IonosphericCorrection.aidl
@@ -31,6 +31,6 @@
      */
     long carrierFrequencyHz;
 
-    /** Ionospheric correction. */
-    GnssCorrectionComponent ionosphericCorrection;
+    /** Ionospheric correction component. */
+    GnssCorrectionComponent ionosphericCorrectionComponent;
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/RealTimeIntegrityModel.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/RealTimeIntegrityModel.aidl
index 4a4122c..10a511f 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/RealTimeIntegrityModel.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/gnss_assistance/RealTimeIntegrityModel.aidl
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
      * OSN number for Glonass. The distinction is made by looking at the constellation field.
      * Values must be in the range of:
      *
-     * - GNSS:    1-32
+     * - GPS:    1-32
      * - GLONASS: 1-25
      * - QZSS:    183-206
      * - Galileo: 1-36
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
index 2c53377..c1900d7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -3362,15 +3362,11 @@
             mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     const auto& [status, properties] = mComposerClient->getOverlaySupport();
-    if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "getOverlaySupport is not supported";
-        return;
-    }
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
     // TODO (b/362319189): add Lut VTS enforcement
-    if (!properties.lutProperties) {
+    if ((!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+         status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) ||
+        (status.isOk() && !properties.lutProperties)) {
         int32_t size = 7;
         size_t bufferSize = static_cast<size_t>(size) * sizeof(float);
         int32_t fd = ashmem_create_region("lut_shared_mem", bufferSize);
@@ -3384,13 +3380,22 @@
                 {LutProperties::Dimension::ONE_D, size, {LutProperties::SamplingKey::RGB}}};
         luts.pfd = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(fd);
 
+        const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
         writer.setLayerLuts(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, luts);
         writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
                                VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
+        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+        if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setLayerLuts is not supported";
+            return;
+        }
         // change to client composition
         ASSERT_FALSE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/test/DeviceTest.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/test/DeviceTest.cpp
index 0e855c4..0d8c141 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/test/DeviceTest.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/test/DeviceTest.cpp
@@ -54,10 +54,6 @@
         .execTime = std::numeric_limits<float>::max(),
         .powerUsage = std::numeric_limits<float>::max()};
 
-// FIXME: This function causes Clang to hang indefinitely when building with
-// -O1. Turn off optimization as a temporary workaround.
-// http://b/296850773
-#pragma clang optimize off
 template <typename... Args>
 auto makeCallbackReturn(Args&&... args) {
     return [argPack = std::make_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...)](const auto& cb) {
@@ -65,7 +61,6 @@
         return Void();
     };
 }
-#pragma clang optimize on
 
 sp<MockDevice> createMockDevice() {
     const auto mockDevice = MockDevice::create();
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
index a6fd27a..ad7473b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
 @VintfStability
 interface IRadioNetwork {
   oneway void getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(in int serial);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void getAvailableBandModes(in int serial);
   oneway void getAvailableNetworks(in int serial);
   oneway void getBarringInfo(in int serial);
@@ -58,6 +61,9 @@
   oneway void isNrDualConnectivityEnabled(in int serial);
   oneway void responseAcknowledgement();
   oneway void setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmap(in int serial, in int networkTypeBitmap);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setBandMode(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.network.RadioBandMode mode);
   oneway void setBarringPassword(in int serial, in String facility, in String oldPassword, in String newPassword);
   /**
@@ -67,12 +73,18 @@
   oneway void setCellInfoListRate(in int serial, in int rate);
   oneway void setIndicationFilter(in int serial, in int indicationFilter);
   oneway void setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(in int serial, in int hysteresisMs, in int hysteresisDlKbps, in int hysteresisUlKbps, in int[] thresholdsDownlinkKbps, in int[] thresholdsUplinkKbps, in android.hardware.radio.AccessNetwork accessNetwork);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setLocationUpdates(in int serial, in boolean enable);
   oneway void setNetworkSelectionModeAutomatic(in int serial);
   oneway void setNetworkSelectionModeManual(in int serial, in String operatorNumeric, in android.hardware.radio.AccessNetwork ran);
   oneway void setNrDualConnectivityState(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.network.NrDualConnectivityState nrDualConnectivityState);
   oneway void setResponseFunctions(in android.hardware.radio.network.IRadioNetworkResponse radioNetworkResponse, in android.hardware.radio.network.IRadioNetworkIndication radioNetworkIndication);
   oneway void setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.network.SignalThresholdInfo[] signalThresholdInfos);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setSuppServiceNotifications(in int serial, in boolean enable);
   oneway void setSystemSelectionChannels(in int serial, in boolean specifyChannels, in android.hardware.radio.network.RadioAccessSpecifier[] specifiers);
   oneway void startNetworkScan(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.network.NetworkScanRequest request);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
index 080b4aa..3c220ab 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@
 interface IRadioNetworkResponse {
   oneway void acknowledgeRequest(in int serial);
   oneway void getAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in int networkTypeBitmap);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void getAvailableBandModesResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.network.RadioBandMode[] bandModes);
   oneway void getAvailableNetworksResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.network.OperatorInfo[] networkInfos);
   oneway void getBarringInfoResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.network.CellIdentity cellIdentity, in android.hardware.radio.network.BarringInfo[] barringInfos);
@@ -58,6 +61,9 @@
   oneway void getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.network.RegStateResult voiceRegResponse);
   oneway void isNrDualConnectivityEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in boolean isEnabled);
   oneway void setAllowedNetworkTypesBitmapResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setBandModeResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setBarringPasswordResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   /**
@@ -67,11 +73,17 @@
   oneway void setCellInfoListRateResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setIndicationFilterResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setLocationUpdatesResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setNrDualConnectivityStateResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setSystemSelectionChannelsResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void startNetworkScanResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl
index 5a4c5c1..c868f81 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl
@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@
   oneway void setFacilityLockForApp(in int serial, in String facility, in boolean lockState, in String password, in int serviceClass, in String appId);
   oneway void setResponseFunctions(in android.hardware.radio.sim.IRadioSimResponse radioSimResponse, in android.hardware.radio.sim.IRadioSimIndication radioSimIndication);
   oneway void setSimCardPower(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.sim.CardPowerState powerUp);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setUiccSubscription(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.sim.SelectUiccSub uiccSub);
   oneway void supplyIccPin2ForApp(in int serial, in String pin2, in String aid);
   oneway void supplyIccPinForApp(in int serial, in String pin, in String aid);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl
index a512bae..6526d8b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@
   oneway void setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setFacilityLockForAppResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in int retry);
   oneway void setSimCardPowerResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
+   */
   oneway void setUiccSubscriptionResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in int remainingRetries);
   oneway void supplyIccPinForAppResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in int remainingRetries);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/HardwareConfigModem.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/HardwareConfigModem.aidl
index 4818c9e..0389170 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/HardwareConfigModem.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/HardwareConfigModem.aidl
@@ -32,9 +32,12 @@
      */
     int rilModel;
     /**
-     * Bitset value, based on RadioTechnology.
+     * All supported radio technologies.
+     *
+     * Despite the stated type, this is an int bitset: a mask where each bit position represents a
+     * radio technology.
      */
-    RadioTechnology rat = RadioTechnology.UNKNOWN;
+    RadioTechnology rat = RadioTechnology.UNKNOWN; // it's really an empty bitmask
     /**
      * Maximum number of concurrent active voice calls.
      */
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
index 68e4829..2509b6d 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@
      * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.getAvailableBandModesResponse()
      *
      * This is available when android.hardware.telephony.radio.access is defined.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void getAvailableBandModes(in int serial);
 
@@ -247,6 +249,8 @@
      * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setBandModeResponse()
      *
      * This is available when android.hardware.telephony.radio.access is defined.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setBandMode(in int serial, in RadioBandMode mode);
 
@@ -348,6 +352,8 @@
      * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setLocationUpdatesResponse()
      *
      * This is available when android.hardware.telephony.radio.access is defined.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setLocationUpdates(in int serial, in boolean enable);
 
@@ -441,6 +447,8 @@
      * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse()
      *
      * This is available when android.hardware.telephony.calling is defined.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setSuppServiceNotifications(in int serial, in boolean enable);
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
index 4c1a394..fd332fc 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@
      *   RadioError:MODEM_ERR
      *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
      *   RadioError:CANCELLED
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void getAvailableBandModesResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info, in RadioBandMode[] bandModes);
 
@@ -332,6 +334,8 @@
      *   RadioError:MODEM_ERR
      *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
      *   RadioError:CANCELLED
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setBandModeResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
 
@@ -437,6 +441,8 @@
      *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
      *   RadioError:CANCELLED
      *   RadioError:SIM_ABSENT
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setLocationUpdatesResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
 
@@ -528,6 +534,8 @@
      *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
      *   RadioError:CANCELLED
      *   RadioError:SIM_ABSENT
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl
index 24c7320..16573f4 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSim.aidl
@@ -485,6 +485,8 @@
      * Response function is IRadioSimResponse.setUiccSubscriptionResponse()
      *
      * This is available when android.hardware.telephony.subscription is defined.
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setUiccSubscription(in int serial, in SelectUiccSub uiccSub);
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl
index 92815d2..62fa674 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/IRadioSimResponse.aidl
@@ -544,6 +544,8 @@
      *   RadioError:INVALID_ARGUMENTS
      *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
      *   RadioError:CANCELLED
+     *
+     * @deprecated Android Telephony framework doesn't use this.
      */
     void setUiccSubscriptionResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
 
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl
index e8eed71..b57dd8a 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl
@@ -548,10 +548,8 @@
     void deleteKey(in byte[] keyBlob);
 
     /**
-     * Deletes all keys in the hardware keystore.  Used when keystore is reset completely.  After
-     * this function is called all keys with Tag::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE in their hardware-enforced
-     * authorization lists must be rendered permanently unusable.  Keys without
-     * Tag::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE may or may not be rendered unusable.
+     * Deletes all keys in the hardware keystore. Used when keystore is reset completely. After
+     * this function is called all keys created previously must be rendered permanently unusable.
      */
     void deleteAllKeys();
 
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs b/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs
index 621f077..fad807f 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/default/hal/lib.rs
@@ -47,11 +47,9 @@
 
 /// Get boot information based on system properties.
 pub fn get_boot_info() -> kmr_wire::SetBootInfoRequest {
-    // No access to a verified boot key.
-    let verified_boot_key = vec![0; 32];
     let vbmeta_digest = get_property("ro.boot.vbmeta.digest").unwrap_or_else(|_| "00".repeat(32));
     let verified_boot_hash = hex::decode(&vbmeta_digest).unwrap_or_else(|_e| {
-        error!("failed to parse hex data in '{}'", vbmeta_digest);
+        error!("failed to parse VBMeta digest hex data in '{vbmeta_digest}': {_e:?}");
         vec![0; 32]
     });
     let device_boot_locked = match get_property("ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state")
@@ -65,6 +63,18 @@
             false
         }
     };
+    let verified_boot_key_digest =
+        get_property("ro.boot.vbmeta.public_key_digest").unwrap_or_else(|_| "00".repeat(32));
+    let verified_boot_key = match device_boot_locked {
+        true => hex::decode(&verified_boot_key_digest).unwrap_or_else(|_e| {
+            error!("Failed to parse Verified Boot key hex data in '{verified_boot_key_digest}': {_e:?}");
+            vec![0; 32]
+        }),
+        // VTS-16+ requires the attested Verified Boot key to be 32 bytes of zeroes when the
+        // bootloader is unlocked, so we ignore the property's value in that case. Behaviour
+        // prior to VTS-16 is unspecified, so it's fine to return the same.
+        false => vec![0; 32],
+    };
     let verified_boot_state = match get_property("ro.boot.verifiedbootstate")
         .unwrap_or_else(|_| "no-prop".to_string())
         .as_str()
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
index 067db78..416e6c0 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
@@ -8305,21 +8305,15 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Option --arm_deleteAllKeys not set";
         return;
     }
+    // This test was introduced in API level 36, but is not version guarded because it requires a
+    // manual opt-in anyway. This makes it easier to run on older devices.
     auto error = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                      .RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537)
                                      .Digest(Digest::NONE)
                                      .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)
                                      .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                     .Authorization(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE)
                                      .SetDefaultValidity());
-    if (error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE) {
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "Rollback resistance not supported";
-    }
-
-    // Delete must work if rollback protection is implemented
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error);
-    AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteAllKeys());
 
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h b/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
index 6cb00f2..3fa23cc 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
+++ b/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@
 using bytevec = std::vector<uint8_t>;
 using namespace cppcose;
 
+constexpr std::string_view kErrorChallengeMismatch = "challenges do not match";
+constexpr std::string_view kErrorUdsCertsAreRequired = "UdsCerts are required";
+constexpr std::string_view kErrorKeysToSignMismatch = "KeysToSign do not match";
+constexpr std::string_view kErrorDiceChainIsDegenerate = "DICE chain is degenerate";
+
 extern bytevec kTestMacKey;
 
 // The Google root key for the Endpoint Encryption Key chain, encoded as COSE_Sign1
@@ -209,6 +214,14 @@
 ErrMsgOr<bool> isCsrWithProperDiceChain(const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr,
                                         const std::string& instanceName);
 
+/** Checks whether the CSRs contain DICE certificate chains that have root certificates
+ * with the same public key.
+ */
+ErrMsgOr<bool> compareRootPublicKeysInDiceChains(const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr1,
+                                                 std::string_view instanceName1,
+                                                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr2,
+                                                 std::string_view instanceName2);
+
 /** Verify the DICE chain. */
 ErrMsgOr<std::vector<BccEntryData>> validateBcc(const cppbor::Array* bcc,
                                                 hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind kind, bool allowAnyMode,
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
index e11f021..15b2144 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
@@ -123,37 +123,6 @@
     return std::make_tuple(std::move(pubX), std::move(pubY));
 }
 
-ErrMsgOr<bytevec> getRawPublicKey(const EVP_PKEY_Ptr& pubKey) {
-    if (pubKey.get() == nullptr) {
-        return "pkey is null.";
-    }
-    int keyType = EVP_PKEY_base_id(pubKey.get());
-    switch (keyType) {
-        case EVP_PKEY_EC: {
-            int nid = EVP_PKEY_bits(pubKey.get()) == 384 ? NID_secp384r1 : NID_X9_62_prime256v1;
-            auto ecKey = EC_KEY_Ptr(EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pubKey.get()));
-            if (ecKey.get() == nullptr) {
-                return "Failed to get ec key";
-          }
-          return ecKeyGetPublicKey(ecKey.get(), nid);
-        }
-        case EVP_PKEY_ED25519: {
-            bytevec rawPubKey;
-            size_t rawKeySize = 0;
-            if (!EVP_PKEY_get_raw_public_key(pubKey.get(), NULL, &rawKeySize)) {
-                return "Failed to get raw public key.";
-            }
-            rawPubKey.resize(rawKeySize);
-            if (!EVP_PKEY_get_raw_public_key(pubKey.get(), rawPubKey.data(), &rawKeySize)) {
-                return "Failed to get raw public key.";
-            }
-            return rawPubKey;
-        }
-        default:
-            return "Unknown key type.";
-    }
-}
-
 ErrMsgOr<std::tuple<bytevec, bytevec>> generateEc256KeyPair() {
     auto ec_key = EC_KEY_Ptr(EC_KEY_new());
     if (ec_key.get() == nullptr) {
@@ -166,7 +135,7 @@
     }
 
     if (EC_KEY_set_group(ec_key.get(), group.get()) != 1 ||
-        EC_KEY_generate_key(ec_key.get()) != 1 || EC_KEY_check_key(ec_key.get()) < 0) {
+        EC_KEY_generate_key(ec_key.get()) != 1 || EC_KEY_check_key(ec_key.get()) != 1) {
         return "Error generating key";
     }
 
@@ -331,17 +300,22 @@
     return chain.encode();
 }
 
+bool maybeOverrideAllowAnyMode(bool allowAnyMode) {
+    // Use ro.build.type instead of ro.debuggable because ro.debuggable=1 for VTS testing
+    std::string build_type = ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.type", "");
+    if (!build_type.empty() && build_type != "user") {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return allowAnyMode;
+}
+
 ErrMsgOr<std::vector<BccEntryData>> validateBcc(const cppbor::Array* bcc,
                                                 hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind kind, bool allowAnyMode,
                                                 bool allowDegenerate,
                                                 const std::string& instanceName) {
     auto encodedBcc = bcc->encode();
 
-    // Use ro.build.type instead of ro.debuggable because ro.debuggable=1 for VTS testing
-    std::string build_type = ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.type", "");
-    if (!build_type.empty() && build_type != "user") {
-        allowAnyMode = true;
-    }
+    allowAnyMode = maybeOverrideAllowAnyMode(allowAnyMode);
 
     auto chain =
             hwtrust::DiceChain::Verify(encodedBcc, kind, allowAnyMode, deviceSuffix(instanceName));
@@ -779,233 +753,9 @@
                                /*isFactory=*/false, allowAnyMode);
 }
 
-ErrMsgOr<X509_Ptr> parseX509Cert(const std::vector<uint8_t>& cert) {
-    CRYPTO_BUFFER_Ptr certBuf(CRYPTO_BUFFER_new(cert.data(), cert.size(), nullptr));
-    if (!certBuf.get()) {
-        return "Failed to create crypto buffer.";
-    }
-    X509_Ptr result(X509_parse_from_buffer(certBuf.get()));
-    if (!result.get()) {
-        return "Failed to parse certificate.";
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-std::string getX509IssuerName(const X509_Ptr& cert) {
-    char* name = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_issuer_name(cert.get()), nullptr, 0);
-    std::string result(name);
-    OPENSSL_free(name);
-    return result;
-}
-
-std::string getX509SubjectName(const X509_Ptr& cert) {
-    char* name = X509_NAME_oneline(X509_get_subject_name(cert.get()), nullptr, 0);
-    std::string result(name);
-    OPENSSL_free(name);
-    return result;
-}
-
-// Validates the certificate chain and returns the leaf public key.
-ErrMsgOr<bytevec> validateCertChain(const cppbor::Array& chain) {
-    bytevec rawPubKey;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < chain.size(); ++i) {
-        // Root must be self-signed.
-        size_t signingCertIndex = (i > 0) ? i - 1 : i;
-        auto& keyCertItem = chain[i];
-        auto& signingCertItem = chain[signingCertIndex];
-        if (!keyCertItem || !keyCertItem->asBstr()) {
-            return "Key certificate must be a Bstr.";
-        }
-        if (!signingCertItem || !signingCertItem->asBstr()) {
-            return "Signing certificate must be a Bstr.";
-        }
-
-        auto keyCert = parseX509Cert(keyCertItem->asBstr()->value());
-        if (!keyCert) {
-            return keyCert.message();
-        }
-        auto signingCert = parseX509Cert(signingCertItem->asBstr()->value());
-        if (!signingCert) {
-            return signingCert.message();
-        }
-
-        EVP_PKEY_Ptr pubKey(X509_get_pubkey(keyCert->get()));
-        if (!pubKey.get()) {
-            return "Failed to get public key.";
-        }
-        EVP_PKEY_Ptr signingPubKey(X509_get_pubkey(signingCert->get()));
-        if (!signingPubKey.get()) {
-            return "Failed to get signing public key.";
-        }
-
-        if (!X509_verify(keyCert->get(), signingPubKey.get())) {
-            return "Verification of certificate " + std::to_string(i) +
-                   " faile. OpenSSL error string: " + ERR_error_string(ERR_get_error(), NULL);
-        }
-
-        auto certIssuer = getX509IssuerName(*keyCert);
-        auto signerSubj = getX509SubjectName(*signingCert);
-        if (certIssuer != signerSubj) {
-            return "Certificate " + std::to_string(i) + " has wrong issuer. Signer subject is " +
-                   signerSubj + " Issuer subject is " + certIssuer;
-        }
-        if (i == chain.size() - 1) {
-            auto key = getRawPublicKey(pubKey);
-            if (!key) return key.moveMessage();
-            rawPubKey = key.moveValue();
-        }
-    }
-    return rawPubKey;
-}
-
-std::optional<std::string> validateUdsCerts(const cppbor::Map& udsCerts,
-                                            const bytevec& udsCoseKeyBytes) {
-    for (const auto& [signerName, udsCertChain] : udsCerts) {
-        if (!signerName || !signerName->asTstr()) {
-            return "Signer Name must be a Tstr.";
-        }
-        if (!udsCertChain || !udsCertChain->asArray()) {
-            return "UDS certificate chain must be an Array.";
-        }
-        if (udsCertChain->asArray()->size() < 2) {
-            return "UDS certificate chain must have at least two entries: root and leaf.";
-        }
-
-        auto leafPubKey = validateCertChain(*udsCertChain->asArray());
-        if (!leafPubKey) {
-            return leafPubKey.message();
-        }
-        auto coseKey = CoseKey::parse(udsCoseKeyBytes);
-        if (!coseKey) {
-            return coseKey.moveMessage();
-        }
-        auto curve = coseKey->getIntValue(CoseKey::CURVE);
-        if (!curve) {
-            return "CoseKey must contain curve.";
-        }
-        bytevec udsPub;
-        if (curve == CoseKeyCurve::P256 || curve == CoseKeyCurve::P384) {
-            auto pubKey = coseKey->getEcPublicKey();
-            if (!pubKey) {
-                return pubKey.moveMessage();
-            }
-            // convert public key to uncompressed form by prepending 0x04 at begin.
-            pubKey->insert(pubKey->begin(), 0x04);
-            udsPub = pubKey.moveValue();
-        } else if (curve == CoseKeyCurve::ED25519) {
-            auto& pubkey = coseKey->getMap().get(cppcose::CoseKey::PUBKEY_X);
-            if (!pubkey || !pubkey->asBstr()) {
-                return "Invalid public key.";
-            }
-            udsPub = pubkey->asBstr()->value();
-        } else {
-            return "Unknown curve.";
-        }
-        if (*leafPubKey != udsPub) {
-            return "Leaf public key in UDS certificate chain doesn't match UDS public key.";
-        }
-    }
-    return std::nullopt;
-}
-
-ErrMsgOr<std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>> parseAndValidateCsrPayload(
-        const cppbor::Array& keysToSign, const std::vector<uint8_t>& csrPayload,
-        const RpcHardwareInfo& rpcHardwareInfo, bool isFactory) {
-    auto [parsedCsrPayload, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(csrPayload);
-    if (!parsedCsrPayload) {
-        return errMsg;
-    }
-
-    std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array> parsed(parsedCsrPayload.release()->asArray());
-    if (!parsed) {
-        return "CSR payload is not a CBOR array.";
-    }
-
-    if (parsed->size() != 4U) {
-        return "CSR payload must contain version, certificate type, device info, keys. "
-               "However, the parsed CSR payload has " +
-               std::to_string(parsed->size()) + " entries.";
-    }
-
-    auto signedVersion = parsed->get(0)->asUint();
-    auto signedCertificateType = parsed->get(1)->asTstr();
-    auto signedDeviceInfo = parsed->get(2)->asMap();
-    auto signedKeys = parsed->get(3)->asArray();
-
-    if (!signedVersion || signedVersion->value() != 3U) {
-        return "CSR payload version must be an unsigned integer and must be equal to 3.";
-    }
-    if (!signedCertificateType) {
-        // Certificate type is allowed to be extendend by vendor, i.e. we can't
-        // enforce its value.
-        return "Certificate type must be a Tstr.";
-    }
-    if (!signedDeviceInfo) {
-        return "Device info must be an Map.";
-    }
-    if (!signedKeys) {
-        return "Keys must be an Array.";
-    }
-
-    auto result =
-            parseAndValidateDeviceInfo(signedDeviceInfo->encode(), rpcHardwareInfo, isFactory);
-    if (!result) {
-        return result.message();
-    }
-
-    if (signedKeys->encode() != keysToSign.encode()) {
-        return "Signed keys do not match.";
-    }
-
-    return std::move(parsed);
-}
-
-ErrMsgOr<bytevec> parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequestSignedPayload(
-        const std::vector<uint8_t>& signedPayload, const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge) {
-    auto [parsedSignedPayload, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(signedPayload);
-    if (!parsedSignedPayload) {
-        return errMsg;
-    }
-    if (!parsedSignedPayload->asArray()) {
-        return "SignedData payload is not a CBOR array.";
-    }
-    if (parsedSignedPayload->asArray()->size() != 2U) {
-        return "SignedData payload must contain the challenge and request. However, the parsed "
-               "SignedData payload has " +
-               std::to_string(parsedSignedPayload->asArray()->size()) + " entries.";
-    }
-
-    auto signedChallenge = parsedSignedPayload->asArray()->get(0)->asBstr();
-    auto signedRequest = parsedSignedPayload->asArray()->get(1)->asBstr();
-
-    if (!signedChallenge) {
-        return "Challenge must be a Bstr.";
-    }
-
-    if (challenge.size() > 64) {
-        return "Challenge size must be between 0 and 64 bytes inclusive. "
-               "However, challenge is " +
-               std::to_string(challenge.size()) + " bytes long.";
-    }
-
-    auto challengeBstr = cppbor::Bstr(challenge);
-    if (*signedChallenge != challengeBstr) {
-        return "Signed challenge does not match."
-               "\n  Actual: " +
-               cppbor::prettyPrint(signedChallenge->asBstr(), 64 /* maxBStrSize */) +
-               "\nExpected: " + cppbor::prettyPrint(&challengeBstr, 64 /* maxBStrSize */);
-    }
-
-    if (!signedRequest) {
-        return "Request must be a Bstr.";
-    }
-
-    return signedRequest->value();
-}
-
 ErrMsgOr<hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind> getDiceChainKind() {
     int vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.vendor.api_level", -1);
-    if (vendor_api_level == __ANDROID_API_T__) {
+    if (vendor_api_level <= __ANDROID_API_T__) {
         return hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr13;
     } else if (vendor_api_level == __ANDROID_API_U__) {
         return hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr14;
@@ -1018,87 +768,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-ErrMsgOr<bytevec> parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequest(const std::vector<uint8_t>& request,
-                                                       const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge,
-                                                       const std::string& instanceName,
-                                                       bool allowAnyMode = false,
-                                                       bool allowDegenerate = true,
-                                                       bool requireUdsCerts = false) {
-    auto [parsedRequest, _, csrErrMsg] = cppbor::parse(request);
-    if (!parsedRequest) {
-        return csrErrMsg;
-    }
-    if (!parsedRequest->asArray()) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest is not a CBOR array.";
-    }
-    if (parsedRequest->asArray()->size() != 4U) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest must contain version, UDS certificates, DICE chain, and "
-               "signed data. However, the parsed AuthenticatedRequest has " +
-               std::to_string(parsedRequest->asArray()->size()) + " entries.";
-    }
-
-    auto version = parsedRequest->asArray()->get(0)->asUint();
-    auto udsCerts = parsedRequest->asArray()->get(1)->asMap();
-    auto diceCertChain = parsedRequest->asArray()->get(2)->asArray();
-    auto signedData = parsedRequest->asArray()->get(3)->asArray();
-
-    if (!version || version->value() != 1U) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest version must be an unsigned integer and must be equal to 1.";
-    }
-
-    if (!udsCerts) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest UdsCerts must be a Map.";
-    }
-    if (requireUdsCerts && udsCerts->size() == 0) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest UdsCerts must not be empty.";
-    }
-    if (!diceCertChain) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest DiceCertChain must be an Array.";
-    }
-    if (!signedData) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest SignedData must be an Array.";
-    }
-
-    // DICE chain is [ pubkey, + DiceChainEntry ].
-    auto diceChainKind = getDiceChainKind();
-    if (!diceChainKind) {
-        return diceChainKind.message();
-    }
-
-    auto diceContents =
-            validateBcc(diceCertChain, *diceChainKind, allowAnyMode, allowDegenerate, instanceName);
-    if (!diceContents) {
-        return diceContents.message() + "\n" + prettyPrint(diceCertChain);
-    }
-
-    if (!diceCertChain->get(0)->asMap()) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest The first entry in DiceCertChain must be a Map.";
-    }
-    auto udsPub = diceCertChain->get(0)->asMap()->encode();
-    auto error = validateUdsCerts(*udsCerts, udsPub);
-    if (error) {
-        return *error;
-    }
-
-    if (diceContents->empty()) {
-        return "AuthenticatedRequest DiceContents must not be empty.";
-    }
-    auto& kmDiceKey = diceContents->back().pubKey;
-    auto signedPayload = verifyAndParseCoseSign1(signedData, kmDiceKey, /*aad=*/{});
-    if (!signedPayload) {
-        return signedPayload.message();
-    }
-
-    auto payload = parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequestSignedPayload(*signedPayload, challenge);
-    if (!payload) {
-        return payload.message();
-    }
-
-    return payload;
-}
-
 ErrMsgOr<std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>> verifyCsr(
-        const cppbor::Array& keysToSign, const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr,
+        const cppbor::Array& keysToSign, const std::vector<uint8_t>& encodedCsr,
         const RpcHardwareInfo& rpcHardwareInfo, const std::string& instanceName,
         const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge, bool isFactory, bool allowAnyMode = false,
         bool allowDegenerate = true, bool requireUdsCerts = false) {
@@ -1108,14 +779,68 @@
                ") does not match expected version (3).";
     }
 
-    auto csrPayload = parseAndValidateAuthenticatedRequest(
-            csr, challenge, instanceName, allowAnyMode, allowDegenerate, requireUdsCerts);
-
-    if (!csrPayload) {
-        return csrPayload.message();
+    auto diceChainKind = getDiceChainKind();
+    if (!diceChainKind) {
+        return diceChainKind.message();
     }
 
-    return parseAndValidateCsrPayload(keysToSign, *csrPayload, rpcHardwareInfo, isFactory);
+    allowAnyMode = maybeOverrideAllowAnyMode(allowAnyMode);
+
+    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(encodedCsr, *diceChainKind, isFactory, allowAnyMode,
+                                      deviceSuffix(instanceName));
+
+    if (!csr.ok()) {
+        return csr.error().message();
+    }
+
+    if (!allowDegenerate) {
+        auto diceChain = csr->getDiceChain();
+        if (!diceChain.ok()) {
+            return diceChain.error().message();
+        }
+
+        if (!diceChain->IsProper()) {
+            return kErrorDiceChainIsDegenerate;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (requireUdsCerts && !csr->hasUdsCerts()) {
+        return kErrorUdsCertsAreRequired;
+    }
+
+    auto equalChallenges = csr->compareChallenge(challenge);
+    if (!equalChallenges.ok()) {
+        return equalChallenges.error().message();
+    }
+
+    if (!*equalChallenges) {
+        return kErrorChallengeMismatch;
+    }
+
+    auto equalKeysToSign = csr->compareKeysToSign(keysToSign.encode());
+    if (!equalKeysToSign.ok()) {
+        return equalKeysToSign.error().message();
+    }
+
+    if (!*equalKeysToSign) {
+        return kErrorKeysToSignMismatch;
+    }
+
+    auto csrPayload = csr->getCsrPayload();
+    if (!csrPayload) {
+        return csrPayload.error().message();
+    }
+
+    auto [csrPayloadDecoded, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(*csrPayload);
+    if (!csrPayloadDecoded) {
+        return errMsg;
+    }
+
+    if (!csrPayloadDecoded->asArray()) {
+        return "CSR payload is not an array.";
+    }
+
+    return std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>(csrPayloadDecoded.release()->asArray());
 }
 
 ErrMsgOr<std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array>> verifyFactoryCsr(
@@ -1143,8 +868,8 @@
         return diceChainKind.message();
     }
 
-    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(encodedCsr, *diceChainKind, false /*allowAnyMode*/,
-                                      deviceSuffix(instanceName));
+    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(encodedCsr, *diceChainKind, false /*isFactory*/,
+                                      false /*allowAnyMode*/, deviceSuffix(instanceName));
     if (!csr.ok()) {
         return csr.error().message();
     }
@@ -1157,4 +882,66 @@
     return diceChain->IsProper();
 }
 
+std::string hexlify(const std::vector<unsigned char>& bytes) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
+
+    for (const auto& byte : bytes) {
+        ss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(byte);
+    }
+
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+ErrMsgOr<bool> compareRootPublicKeysInDiceChains(const std::vector<uint8_t>& encodedCsr1,
+                                                 std::string_view instanceName1,
+                                                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& encodedCsr2,
+                                                 std::string_view instanceName2) {
+    auto diceChainKind = getDiceChainKind();
+    if (!diceChainKind) {
+        return diceChainKind.message();
+    }
+
+    auto csr1 = hwtrust::Csr::validate(encodedCsr1, *diceChainKind, false /*isFactory*/,
+                                       false /*allowAnyMode*/, deviceSuffix(instanceName1));
+    if (!csr1.ok()) {
+        return csr1.error().message();
+    }
+
+    auto diceChain1 = csr1->getDiceChain();
+    if (!diceChain1.ok()) {
+        return diceChain1.error().message();
+    }
+
+    auto proper1 = diceChain1->IsProper();
+    if (!proper1) {
+        return std::string(instanceName1) + " has a degenerate DICE chain:\n" +
+               hexlify(encodedCsr1);
+    }
+
+    auto csr2 = hwtrust::Csr::validate(encodedCsr2, *diceChainKind, false /*isFactory*/,
+                                       false /*allowAnyMode*/, deviceSuffix(instanceName2));
+    if (!csr2.ok()) {
+        return csr2.error().message();
+    }
+
+    auto diceChain2 = csr2->getDiceChain();
+    if (!diceChain2.ok()) {
+        return diceChain2.error().message();
+    }
+
+    auto proper2 = diceChain2->IsProper();
+    if (!proper2) {
+        return std::string(instanceName2) + " has a degenerate DICE chain:\n" +
+               hexlify(encodedCsr2);
+    }
+
+    auto result = diceChain1->compareRootPublicKey(*diceChain2);
+    if (!result.ok()) {
+        return result.error().message();
+    }
+
+    return *result;
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp
index 6f6a2d6..c6080cd 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils_test.cpp
@@ -81,30 +81,362 @@
         0x50, 0x12, 0x82, 0x37, 0xfe, 0xa4, 0x07, 0xc3, 0xd5, 0xc3, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xf9, 0xef, 0xe1,
         0x95, 0x38, 0x9f, 0xb0, 0x79, 0x16, 0x4c, 0x4a, 0x23, 0xc4, 0xdc, 0x35, 0x4e, 0x0f};
 
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kKeysToSignForCsrWithDegenerateDiceChain{
+        0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x1d, 0x94, 0xf2, 0x27,
+        0xc3, 0x70, 0x01, 0xde, 0x3c, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0xfd, 0x78, 0x08, 0x37, 0x39, 0x21, 0xdd, 0x46,
+        0x6f, 0x08, 0x4f, 0x77, 0xf7, 0x80, 0x34, 0x30, 0x74, 0x78, 0x69, 0xeb, 0xb1, 0x22, 0x58,
+        0x20, 0x6b, 0x71, 0xd7, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x51, 0xb2, 0xc9, 0x3d, 0x1a, 0xa0, 0xe8, 0x7a, 0x0d,
+        0x57, 0xfc, 0x91, 0xd0, 0x68, 0xf9, 0x33, 0x5f, 0x80, 0x29, 0x00, 0x80, 0x98, 0x78, 0x63,
+        0x5b, 0x30, 0x24, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x09, 0x83, 0xa6, 0x5a, 0xbb, 0x3a, 0xf8, 0x90, 0x88,
+        0x87, 0x16, 0x37, 0xb4, 0xe7, 0x11, 0x9b, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0x15, 0x82, 0xa9, 0x97, 0xa5, 0xad,
+        0xa9, 0x85, 0x39, 0x30, 0x55, 0x46, 0x99, 0xc6, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01,
+        0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xa8, 0xaa, 0x4b, 0x63, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x5c, 0xe4, 0x28, 0xda, 0x26, 0x3f,
+        0x9a, 0x42, 0x6e, 0xb9, 0x2b, 0x4d, 0x5a, 0x49, 0x4c, 0x5f, 0x1a, 0xa2, 0x5f, 0xd4, 0x8f,
+        0x84, 0xd7, 0x25, 0xe4, 0x6c, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x6b, 0xef, 0xde, 0xd6, 0x04, 0x58, 0x12,
+        0xdb, 0xf8, 0x90, 0x2c, 0x9c, 0xe0, 0x5e, 0x43, 0xbc, 0xcf, 0x22, 0x01, 0x4d, 0x5c, 0x0c,
+        0x86, 0x7b, 0x66, 0xd2, 0xa1, 0xfc, 0x69, 0x8a, 0x91, 0xfc, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x31, 0xaf,
+        0x30, 0x85, 0x1f, 0x2a, 0x82, 0xe1, 0x9c, 0xda, 0xe5, 0x68, 0xed, 0x79, 0xc1, 0x35, 0x1a,
+        0x02, 0xb4, 0x8a, 0xd2, 0x4c, 0xc4, 0x70, 0x6b, 0x88, 0x98, 0x23, 0x9e, 0xb3, 0x52, 0xb1};
+
 inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithDegenerateDiceChain{
-        0x85, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x65,
-        0xe0, 0x51, 0x62, 0x45, 0x17, 0xcc, 0xa8, 0x40, 0x41, 0x6d, 0xc0, 0x86, 0x7a, 0x15, 0x6e,
-        0xee, 0x04, 0xae, 0xbd, 0x05, 0x13, 0x36, 0xcb, 0xd2, 0x8d, 0xd8, 0x80, 0x16, 0xc1, 0x69,
-        0x0d, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xea, 0xa1, 0x37, 0xd5, 0x01, 0xbd, 0xe0, 0x25, 0x6a, 0x3d, 0x4c,
-        0xcd, 0x31, 0xa1, 0x4d, 0xa6, 0x80, 0x82, 0x03, 0x40, 0xe2, 0x88, 0x81, 0x53, 0xc3, 0xb3,
-        0x6d, 0xf7, 0xf4, 0x10, 0xde, 0x96, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x24, 0x69, 0x44, 0x6e, 0xf5, 0xcc,
-        0x18, 0xfe, 0x63, 0xac, 0x5e, 0x85, 0x9c, 0xfc, 0x9d, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xee, 0x6c, 0xc2, 0x22,
-        0x49, 0x02, 0xc7, 0x93, 0xf4, 0x30, 0xf1, 0x51, 0x11, 0x20, 0x33, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01,
-        0x26, 0xa0, 0x58, 0x97, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67,
-        0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a,
-        0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x70, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58,
-        0x20, 0x65, 0xe0, 0x51, 0x62, 0x45, 0x17, 0xcc, 0xa8, 0x40, 0x41, 0x6d, 0xc0, 0x86, 0x7a,
-        0x15, 0x6e, 0xee, 0x04, 0xae, 0xbd, 0x05, 0x13, 0x36, 0xcb, 0xd2, 0x8d, 0xd8, 0x80, 0x16,
-        0xc1, 0x69, 0x0d, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xea, 0xa1, 0x37, 0xd5, 0x01, 0xbd, 0xe0, 0x25, 0x6a,
-        0x3d, 0x4c, 0xcd, 0x31, 0xa1, 0x4d, 0xa6, 0x80, 0x82, 0x03, 0x40, 0xe2, 0x88, 0x81, 0x53,
-        0xc3, 0xb3, 0x6d, 0xf7, 0xf4, 0x10, 0xde, 0x96, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x24, 0x69, 0x44, 0x6e,
-        0xf5, 0xcc, 0x18, 0xfe, 0x63, 0xac, 0x5e, 0x85, 0x9c, 0xfc, 0x9d, 0xfa, 0x90, 0xee, 0x6c,
-        0xc2, 0x22, 0x49, 0x02, 0xc7, 0x93, 0xf4, 0x30, 0xf1, 0x51, 0x11, 0x20, 0x33, 0x3a, 0x00,
-        0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x40, 0x16, 0xb9, 0x51, 0xdf, 0x31, 0xad, 0xa0, 0x3d,
-        0x98, 0x40, 0x85, 0xdf, 0xd9, 0xbe, 0xf6, 0x79, 0x62, 0x36, 0x8b, 0x60, 0xaa, 0x79, 0x8e,
-        0x52, 0x04, 0xdd, 0xba, 0x39, 0xa2, 0x58, 0x9c, 0x60, 0xd5, 0x96, 0x51, 0x42, 0xe2, 0xa5,
-        0x57, 0x58, 0xb4, 0x89, 0x2c, 0x94, 0xb9, 0xda, 0xe7, 0x93, 0x85, 0xda, 0x64, 0xa0, 0x52,
-        0xfc, 0x6b, 0xb1, 0x0a, 0xa8, 0x13, 0xd9, 0x84, 0xfb, 0x34, 0x77, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01,
+        0x85, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xf2,
+        0xc6, 0x50, 0xd2, 0x42, 0x59, 0xe0, 0x4e, 0x7b, 0xc0, 0x75, 0x41, 0xa2, 0xe9, 0xd0, 0xe8,
+        0x18, 0xd7, 0xd7, 0x63, 0x7e, 0x41, 0x04, 0x7e, 0x52, 0x1a, 0xb1, 0xb7, 0xdc, 0x13, 0xb3,
+        0x0f, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x1a, 0xf3, 0x8b, 0x0f, 0x7a, 0xc6, 0xf2, 0xb8, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x40,
+        0x9b, 0x7e, 0xb6, 0xd6, 0xec, 0x9c, 0x21, 0xad, 0xde, 0xd1, 0x6c, 0x52, 0xfc, 0x06, 0xf1,
+        0x39, 0x31, 0xa0, 0x22, 0x65, 0x86, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x58, 0x74, 0xa5,
+        0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a, 0x65,
+        0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58,
+        0x4d, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xf2, 0xc6, 0x50, 0xd2,
+        0x42, 0x59, 0xe0, 0x4e, 0x7b, 0xc0, 0x75, 0x41, 0xa2, 0xe9, 0xd0, 0xe8, 0x18, 0xd7, 0xd7,
+        0x63, 0x7e, 0x41, 0x04, 0x7e, 0x52, 0x1a, 0xb1, 0xb7, 0xdc, 0x13, 0xb3, 0x0f, 0x22, 0x58,
+        0x20, 0x1a, 0xf3, 0x8b, 0x0f, 0x7a, 0xc6, 0xf2, 0xb8, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x40, 0x9b, 0x7e, 0xb6,
+        0xd6, 0xec, 0x9c, 0x21, 0xad, 0xde, 0xd1, 0x6c, 0x52, 0xfc, 0x06, 0xf1, 0x39, 0x31, 0xa0,
+        0x22, 0x65, 0x86, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x40, 0x1e, 0xdf, 0xe0,
+        0x1c, 0xca, 0xbb, 0xb2, 0x13, 0xae, 0xe2, 0x49, 0x32, 0x3c, 0x6e, 0x9c, 0x6e, 0xf4, 0x23,
+        0x87, 0x41, 0x60, 0x04, 0x34, 0xe6, 0x32, 0xe2, 0xf1, 0x22, 0x55, 0xcc, 0x89, 0x4b, 0x4f,
+        0xdb, 0x05, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x3c, 0x2f, 0x8a, 0x52, 0x84, 0x43, 0xdc, 0x43, 0x62, 0x7e, 0x85,
+        0xb3, 0xea, 0x49, 0x3b, 0x0b, 0x4a, 0xf0, 0x64, 0xfe, 0x8f, 0x41, 0xb6, 0xd1, 0xcc, 0xe3,
+        0xf6, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02, 0x0e, 0x82, 0x58, 0x20, 0x01, 0x02,
+        0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11,
+        0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20,
+        0x59, 0x01, 0xe8, 0x84, 0x03, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0xae, 0x65,
+        0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x65, 0x66, 0x75,
+        0x73, 0x65, 0x64, 0x01, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65,
+        0x6c, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65,
+        0x67, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x70, 0x69, 0x78, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x68,
+        0x76, 0x62, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x6a,
+        0x6f, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x62, 0x31, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x6d,
+        0x61, 0x6e, 0x75, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x72, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f,
+        0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x76, 0x62, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x5f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x67, 0x65,
+        0x73, 0x74, 0x4f, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc,
+        0xdd, 0xee, 0xff, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65,
+        0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61,
+        0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x62, 0x70,
+        0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74,
+        0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x64, 0x72, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d,
+        0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34,
+        0x8c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68,
+        0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x63, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02,
+        0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x1d, 0x94, 0xf2, 0x27, 0xc3, 0x70, 0x01, 0xde,
+        0x3c, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0xfd, 0x78, 0x08, 0x37, 0x39, 0x21, 0xdd, 0x46, 0x6f, 0x08, 0x4f, 0x77,
+        0xf7, 0x80, 0x34, 0x30, 0x74, 0x78, 0x69, 0xeb, 0xb1, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x6b, 0x71, 0xd7,
+        0x7f, 0x0e, 0x51, 0xb2, 0xc9, 0x3d, 0x1a, 0xa0, 0xe8, 0x7a, 0x0d, 0x57, 0xfc, 0x91, 0xd0,
+        0x68, 0xf9, 0x33, 0x5f, 0x80, 0x29, 0x00, 0x80, 0x98, 0x78, 0x63, 0x5b, 0x30, 0x24, 0x23,
+        0x58, 0x20, 0x09, 0x83, 0xa6, 0x5a, 0xbb, 0x3a, 0xf8, 0x90, 0x88, 0x87, 0x16, 0x37, 0xb4,
+        0xe7, 0x11, 0x9b, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0x15, 0x82, 0xa9, 0x97, 0xa5, 0xad, 0xa9, 0x85, 0x39, 0x30,
+        0x55, 0x46, 0x99, 0xc6, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xa8,
+        0xaa, 0x4b, 0x63, 0x86, 0xf6, 0x5c, 0xe4, 0x28, 0xda, 0x26, 0x3f, 0x9a, 0x42, 0x6e, 0xb9,
+        0x2b, 0x4d, 0x5a, 0x49, 0x4c, 0x5f, 0x1a, 0xa2, 0x5f, 0xd4, 0x8f, 0x84, 0xd7, 0x25, 0xe4,
+        0x6c, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x6b, 0xef, 0xde, 0xd6, 0x04, 0x58, 0x12, 0xdb, 0xf8, 0x90, 0x2c,
+        0x9c, 0xe0, 0x5e, 0x43, 0xbc, 0xcf, 0x22, 0x01, 0x4d, 0x5c, 0x0c, 0x86, 0x7b, 0x66, 0xd2,
+        0xa1, 0xfc, 0x69, 0x8a, 0x91, 0xfc, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x31, 0xaf, 0x30, 0x85, 0x1f, 0x2a,
+        0x82, 0xe1, 0x9c, 0xda, 0xe5, 0x68, 0xed, 0x79, 0xc1, 0x35, 0x1a, 0x02, 0xb4, 0x8a, 0xd2,
+        0x4c, 0xc4, 0x70, 0x6b, 0x88, 0x98, 0x23, 0x9e, 0xb3, 0x52, 0xb1, 0x58, 0x40, 0x8e, 0x7e,
+        0xdf, 0x77, 0x13, 0xdb, 0x51, 0xf6, 0xc1, 0x67, 0x52, 0x48, 0x48, 0x79, 0xe6, 0xbc, 0x89,
+        0xe2, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x0d, 0x2c, 0x88, 0x3b, 0x23, 0x66, 0x93, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x59, 0xc4, 0x87,
+        0x16, 0xc4, 0x3a, 0x85, 0x60, 0xe3, 0x62, 0x45, 0x53, 0xa8, 0x1d, 0x4e, 0xa4, 0x2b, 0x61,
+        0x33, 0x17, 0x71, 0xb6, 0x40, 0x11, 0x7d, 0x23, 0x64, 0xe6, 0x49, 0xbe, 0xa6, 0x85, 0x32,
+        0x1a, 0x89, 0xa1, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x72, 0x70, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74,
+        0x78, 0x3b, 0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63,
+        0x74, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x31, 0x3a, 0x31, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x69,
+        0x64, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x35, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x75,
+        0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x2d, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79,
+        0x73};
+
+// The challenge that is in kKeysToSignForCsrWithUdsCerts and kCsrWithUdsCerts
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kChallenge{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
+                                             0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10,
+                                             0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
+                                             0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20};
+
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kKeysToSignForCsrWithUdsCerts{
+        0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xd5, 0x0b, 0x27, 0x39,
+        0xa3, 0xd5, 0xfd, 0xd9, 0x4f, 0x87, 0x4a, 0x97, 0x17, 0x60, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x55, 0x13, 0xa0,
+        0xf5, 0x1c, 0x2b, 0xe7, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0xdb, 0x76, 0x82, 0x69, 0x5a, 0x46, 0xec, 0x22, 0x58,
+        0x20, 0xa6, 0x08, 0xb3, 0x57, 0xaa, 0x5f, 0x72, 0x2b, 0xb1, 0xf0, 0x43, 0x52, 0xf4, 0xcb,
+        0x97, 0x39, 0xfd, 0x54, 0x79, 0xa3, 0xaf, 0x07, 0xb7, 0xbe, 0xbc, 0x93, 0xc1, 0xb6, 0x9b,
+        0x2f, 0x75, 0x1b, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xb4, 0x59, 0xe3, 0x78, 0x6f, 0x3f, 0xbd, 0xdc,
+        0x38, 0x8a, 0xa5, 0x7d, 0xbe, 0xe0, 0xce, 0xf9, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x5b, 0xfc, 0xbd, 0x4d, 0x27,
+        0x7b, 0xa7, 0xc8, 0xda, 0xaa, 0xe4, 0xcd, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20,
+        0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x10, 0x6c, 0xe8, 0x71, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x9d, 0x29, 0xbe, 0xf8, 0x84,
+        0x39, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xf5, 0x3e, 0x09, 0xf1, 0xd4, 0x81, 0x59, 0x24, 0x63, 0x07, 0xae, 0x25,
+        0xad, 0x24, 0x72, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0xd0, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xe8, 0xba, 0x76, 0x49, 0x7b, 0x97,
+        0x98, 0xcf, 0xbb, 0x90, 0xfa, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x2d, 0x88, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xc6, 0x75, 0x05, 0x7b,
+        0x59, 0xdf, 0x14, 0xd8, 0xde, 0x4d, 0x51, 0x8b, 0x2f, 0x5a, 0xc7, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x76,
+        0x11, 0x2f, 0x31, 0xe5, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xa7, 0x2c, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x16, 0x29, 0xf8, 0x67,
+        0x66, 0x44, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x40, 0x45, 0x12, 0xac, 0x97, 0x06, 0xc8, 0x66, 0x08,
+        0xc9, 0x0a};
+
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithUdsCerts{
+        0x85, 0x01, 0xa1, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x2d, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x82, 0x59, 0x01, 0x6c, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x68, 0x30, 0x82,
+        0x01, 0x1a, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x7b, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b,
+        0x65, 0x70, 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x0c,
+        0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30,
+        0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x09, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x52, 0x6f,
+        0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x34, 0x30, 0x39, 0x35,
+        0x32, 0x30, 0x37, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x34, 0x39, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x39, 0x35,
+        0x32, 0x30, 0x37, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a,
+        0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31,
+        0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x09, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20,
+        0x52, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x21,
+        0x00, 0x54, 0x40, 0x8c, 0x1b, 0x60, 0x39, 0x81, 0xe7, 0x38, 0x87, 0xb9, 0x75, 0x10, 0x30,
+        0x6a, 0x1b, 0x9b, 0x38, 0x61, 0xa0, 0x94, 0x49, 0xb0, 0xf3, 0xae, 0x39, 0x53, 0x2d, 0x61,
+        0x8d, 0x6e, 0x59, 0xa3, 0x63, 0x30, 0x61, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04,
+        0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0xea, 0x8c, 0xe0, 0x5a, 0x50, 0xd9, 0x36, 0xf3, 0x28, 0xc2,
+        0x54, 0x1d, 0xfa, 0x9d, 0x94, 0x19, 0x98, 0x76, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23,
+        0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0xea, 0x8c, 0xe0, 0x5a, 0x50, 0xd9, 0x36,
+        0xf3, 0x28, 0xc2, 0x54, 0x1d, 0xfa, 0x9d, 0x94, 0x19, 0x98, 0x76, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03,
+        0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x05, 0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0e,
+        0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x30,
+        0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x41, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x27, 0x99, 0xd3, 0x05, 0xa7,
+        0xd2, 0xc6, 0xad, 0x1f, 0x2c, 0xbd, 0xef, 0x34, 0x18, 0xbd, 0x37, 0xb9, 0x96, 0x57, 0x63,
+        0x72, 0x7e, 0xf8, 0xe5, 0xa2, 0xb5, 0x9a, 0x20, 0x42, 0x1d, 0x9c, 0x8e, 0xdc, 0x97, 0xd4,
+        0x3b, 0x65, 0xe0, 0x52, 0xb4, 0x0d, 0x95, 0x59, 0x94, 0x94, 0x7a, 0x31, 0x9e, 0x45, 0x4b,
+        0x93, 0x3d, 0x5d, 0x88, 0x98, 0xb1, 0x52, 0xf5, 0x46, 0x1c, 0x2a, 0x0b, 0x05, 0x59, 0x01,
+        0x9f, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x9b, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x4d, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02,
+        0x02, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30,
+        0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f,
+        0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13,
+        0x09, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32,
+        0x34, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x34, 0x30, 0x39, 0x35, 0x32, 0x30, 0x37, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x34,
+        0x39, 0x31, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x39, 0x35, 0x32, 0x30, 0x37, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x31,
+        0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20,
+        0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
+        0x03, 0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x68, 0x69, 0x70, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74,
+        0x30, 0x59, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x07, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x02, 0x01, 0x06, 0x08,
+        0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x03, 0x01, 0x07, 0x03, 0x42, 0x00, 0x04, 0xc9, 0x35, 0xf7,
+        0x7e, 0x71, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0xd2, 0x13, 0x58, 0x5a, 0xc1, 0x0c, 0x17, 0xa8, 0x2c, 0x28, 0x99,
+        0x32, 0x8e, 0x01, 0x45, 0xb8, 0xf1, 0xf4, 0xf8, 0x37, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x25, 0x1f, 0xbf, 0x8f,
+        0xd8, 0xdf, 0x53, 0xdd, 0x95, 0x7a, 0x90, 0xff, 0xe3, 0x40, 0xbf, 0xda, 0x19, 0x0c, 0x14,
+        0x41, 0x1c, 0x76, 0x73, 0x4e, 0x86, 0x94, 0x7d, 0x2c, 0x21, 0x5f, 0x5e, 0x05, 0x26, 0x15,
+        0x4f, 0xa3, 0x63, 0x30, 0x61, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04,
+        0x14, 0x12, 0x84, 0xe1, 0x31, 0xef, 0xa8, 0xfd, 0xcc, 0xbb, 0x35, 0x22, 0xb9, 0x99, 0xd1,
+        0xca, 0x64, 0x19, 0x09, 0x54, 0x4c, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18,
+        0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0x6d, 0xd5, 0xea, 0x8c, 0xe0, 0x5a, 0x50, 0xd9, 0x36, 0xf3, 0x28,
+        0xc2, 0x54, 0x1d, 0xfa, 0x9d, 0x94, 0x19, 0x98, 0x76, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d,
+        0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x05, 0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03,
+        0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06,
+        0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x41, 0x00, 0xc7, 0x93, 0x86, 0x58, 0xb2, 0x31, 0x30, 0x4f,
+        0x1a, 0x53, 0x06, 0x87, 0x0e, 0xdf, 0xc4, 0xd8, 0x03, 0xf4, 0xaf, 0xa3, 0x2d, 0xfb, 0x7d,
+        0xab, 0x08, 0x70, 0x47, 0x38, 0x10, 0xc5, 0xa8, 0x5e, 0x67, 0x64, 0xc7, 0xdc, 0x28, 0xe8,
+        0x63, 0x3c, 0xa7, 0xb8, 0xf9, 0xbe, 0x3e, 0x75, 0xa7, 0x1c, 0xac, 0xc4, 0x81, 0x82, 0x4a,
+        0x21, 0xf0, 0x89, 0x8e, 0x99, 0xf4, 0x52, 0x23, 0x30, 0x6d, 0x04, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02,
+        0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xc9, 0x35, 0xf7, 0x7e, 0x71, 0xc9, 0xa4, 0xd2,
+        0x13, 0x58, 0x5a, 0xc1, 0x0c, 0x17, 0xa8, 0x2c, 0x28, 0x99, 0x32, 0x8e, 0x01, 0x45, 0xb8,
+        0xf1, 0xf4, 0xf8, 0x37, 0x25, 0x4a, 0x25, 0x1f, 0xbf, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x8f, 0xd8, 0xdf,
+        0x53, 0xdd, 0x95, 0x7a, 0x90, 0xff, 0xe3, 0x40, 0xbf, 0xda, 0x19, 0x0c, 0x14, 0x41, 0x1c,
+        0x76, 0x73, 0x4e, 0x86, 0x94, 0x7d, 0x2c, 0x21, 0x5f, 0x5e, 0x05, 0x26, 0x15, 0x4f, 0x84,
+        0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x04, 0xa9, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75,
+        0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44,
+        0x50, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x52, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb8, 0x96, 0x54,
+        0xe2, 0x2c, 0xa4, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0x45, 0x11, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x63, 0xf0, 0x66, 0x0d,
+        0x2e, 0x20, 0x48, 0x96, 0x90, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x54, 0x63, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x39, 0x30, 0x38, 0x3a,
+        0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x53, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d,
+        0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44,
+        0x54, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47,
+        0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x4d, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb8,
+        0x42, 0x01, 0xd7, 0xf0, 0xb7, 0x57, 0x98, 0xe3, 0x05, 0xf5, 0xcf, 0xef, 0x7b, 0x38, 0x39,
+        0x6d, 0x55, 0x68, 0x72, 0xa6, 0x46, 0xd3, 0x16, 0x89, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0x9b, 0xc8, 0xce, 0xc0,
+        0x1c, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xd1, 0xd5, 0x0e, 0xb8, 0xd0, 0x99, 0x09, 0x41, 0x63, 0x93, 0x33,
+        0x20, 0xef, 0x84, 0xbb, 0xf5, 0xc9, 0x27, 0x4b, 0x52, 0x33, 0xa9, 0x07, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x22,
+        0xab, 0xf6, 0x8f, 0x2d, 0x15, 0x41, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x40,
+        0xd0, 0x6d, 0xb0, 0xd2, 0x49, 0xc8, 0xd3, 0x81, 0xdd, 0x10, 0x4b, 0xd9, 0x49, 0x45, 0x93,
+        0x10, 0xd5, 0x1b, 0xc7, 0x59, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x6c, 0x06, 0xb5, 0x72, 0x98, 0x51, 0x2d, 0xed,
+        0xa0, 0xd9, 0xbb, 0x4a, 0xe6, 0x9b, 0x67, 0x31, 0xd9, 0x27, 0xd0, 0x9c, 0xf8, 0x3d, 0xfc,
+        0x61, 0x8d, 0x53, 0x13, 0x53, 0x68, 0xb4, 0xb5, 0x41, 0x4c, 0xea, 0x6a, 0x28, 0xbb, 0xcb,
+        0x63, 0x4d, 0xd0, 0x20, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x82, 0x58,
+        0x20, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e,
+        0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d,
+        0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x59, 0x01, 0xe9, 0x84, 0x03, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e,
+        0x74, 0xae, 0x65, 0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65,
+        0x65, 0x66, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x64, 0x01, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d,
+        0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76,
+        0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x67, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x70, 0x69, 0x78,
+        0x65, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x76, 0x62, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65,
+        0x65, 0x6e, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x62, 0x31,
+        0x32, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x75, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x72, 0x66,
+        0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x76, 0x62, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x5f, 0x64,
+        0x69, 0x67, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x4f, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99,
+        0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0xee, 0xff, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79,
+        0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74,
+        0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34,
+        0x8c, 0x62, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x73,
+        0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x64, 0x72, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73,
+        0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c,
+        0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61,
+        0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x63, 0x82,
+        0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xd5, 0x0b, 0x27, 0x39, 0xa3,
+        0xd5, 0xfd, 0xd9, 0x4f, 0x87, 0x4a, 0x97, 0x17, 0x60, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x55, 0x13, 0xa0, 0xf5,
+        0x1c, 0x2b, 0xe7, 0x0e, 0x8e, 0xdb, 0x76, 0x82, 0x69, 0x5a, 0x46, 0xec, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20,
+        0xa6, 0x08, 0xb3, 0x57, 0xaa, 0x5f, 0x72, 0x2b, 0xb1, 0xf0, 0x43, 0x52, 0xf4, 0xcb, 0x97,
+        0x39, 0xfd, 0x54, 0x79, 0xa3, 0xaf, 0x07, 0xb7, 0xbe, 0xbc, 0x93, 0xc1, 0xb6, 0x9b, 0x2f,
+        0x75, 0x1b, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xb4, 0x59, 0xe3, 0x78, 0x6f, 0x3f, 0xbd, 0xdc, 0x38,
+        0x8a, 0xa5, 0x7d, 0xbe, 0xe0, 0xce, 0xf9, 0x2e, 0x9a, 0x5b, 0xfc, 0xbd, 0x4d, 0x27, 0x7b,
+        0xa7, 0xc8, 0xda, 0xaa, 0xe4, 0xcd, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01,
+        0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x10, 0x6c, 0xe8, 0x71, 0xa8, 0x78, 0x9d, 0x29, 0xbe, 0xf8, 0x84, 0x39,
+        0xd4, 0xa2, 0xf5, 0x3e, 0x09, 0xf1, 0xd4, 0x81, 0x59, 0x24, 0x63, 0x07, 0xae, 0x25, 0xad,
+        0x24, 0x72, 0x0f, 0x8b, 0xd0, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xe8, 0xba, 0x76, 0x49, 0x7b, 0x97, 0x98,
+        0xcf, 0xbb, 0x90, 0xfa, 0x30, 0x3a, 0x2d, 0x88, 0xfe, 0x3f, 0xc6, 0x75, 0x05, 0x7b, 0x59,
+        0xdf, 0x14, 0xd8, 0xde, 0x4d, 0x51, 0x8b, 0x2f, 0x5a, 0xc7, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x76, 0x11,
+        0x2f, 0x31, 0xe5, 0xc2, 0xbb, 0xa7, 0x2c, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x73, 0x16, 0x29, 0xf8, 0x67, 0x66,
+        0x44, 0x7f, 0x3f, 0x22, 0xa2, 0x40, 0x45, 0x12, 0xac, 0x97, 0x06, 0xc8, 0x66, 0x08, 0xc9,
+        0x58, 0x40, 0x11, 0x65, 0x46, 0xfa, 0xbd, 0xe3, 0xd3, 0x1b, 0x0d, 0x78, 0x23, 0x2e, 0x5d,
+        0x48, 0x3c, 0xab, 0xd3, 0x74, 0xf8, 0x41, 0x88, 0x9b, 0x48, 0xf3, 0x93, 0x06, 0x40, 0x1b,
+        0x5f, 0x60, 0x7b, 0xbe, 0xd8, 0xa6, 0x65, 0xff, 0x6a, 0x89, 0x24, 0x12, 0x1b, 0xac, 0xa3,
+        0xd5, 0x37, 0x85, 0x6e, 0x53, 0x8d, 0xa5, 0x07, 0xe7, 0xe7, 0x44, 0x2c, 0xba, 0xa0, 0xbe,
+        0x1a, 0x43, 0xde, 0x28, 0x59, 0x65, 0xa1, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x72, 0x70,
+        0x72, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x78, 0x3b, 0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72,
+        0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x31, 0x3a,
+        0x31, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x35, 0x2e,
+        0x34, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65,
+        0x2d, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x73};
+
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts = {
+        0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x11, 0x29, 0x11, 0x96,
+        0x98, 0x26, 0xb2, 0x3a, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0x95, 0xb7, 0x46, 0xb9, 0x38, 0x6e, 0x5e, 0x3d, 0x5e,
+        0xb2, 0x19, 0x90, 0xc7, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x49, 0x47, 0x55, 0xcb, 0xef, 0xeb, 0x89, 0x22, 0x58,
+        0x20, 0x42, 0x87, 0xea, 0x75, 0x27, 0x42, 0x34, 0xeb, 0xe8, 0xb5, 0x50, 0xdf, 0xb0, 0xbf,
+        0xef, 0x6b, 0x62, 0x90, 0x5c, 0xd1, 0xe8, 0x2b, 0x4d, 0x02, 0x58, 0xe6, 0xca, 0xda, 0xe6,
+        0x33, 0x97, 0xff, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0x9b, 0x34, 0xdb, 0x1e, 0xe6, 0x53, 0x72, 0xaf,
+        0x67, 0xb5, 0x5e, 0x9a, 0xee, 0x07, 0x31, 0x77, 0xa3, 0x8b, 0x6a, 0xe9, 0x58, 0x97, 0x04,
+        0xe2, 0xa2, 0x48, 0x0f, 0xdf, 0x26, 0x4d, 0xe5, 0xbb, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20,
+        0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xf9, 0xd7, 0x37, 0x75, 0x6b, 0x55, 0xc7, 0x64, 0xf9, 0xe2, 0x59,
+        0x8f, 0x11, 0x48, 0xa1, 0xac, 0x95, 0xb1, 0xe3, 0x60, 0xe5, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0x2f, 0xb5, 0xcb,
+        0x90, 0x1e, 0x9e, 0xcb, 0x4c, 0xab, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x20, 0xad, 0x7b, 0xeb, 0xba, 0x5d,
+        0x3c, 0xd5, 0xa3, 0x6d, 0x86, 0x6e, 0x3f, 0x38, 0xb8, 0x44, 0x32, 0x4b, 0xe7, 0x97, 0xea,
+        0xf8, 0x3d, 0xc2, 0xc0, 0x7c, 0x1b, 0x49, 0xe4, 0x22, 0x23, 0xc7, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x5f,
+        0x1f, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xcf, 0x59, 0x1d, 0x7e, 0x98, 0x51, 0x78, 0xbe, 0xf8, 0x88, 0x0b, 0x64,
+        0x1b, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x12, 0x22, 0x53, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x8d, 0x32, 0xe7, 0x7f, 0x0e, 0x97,
+        0x09};
+
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithoutUdsCerts{
+        0x84, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x82, 0xa4, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x27, 0x20, 0x06, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xca,
+        0x73, 0xd6, 0x09, 0x91, 0xec, 0x92, 0x63, 0xee, 0x9f, 0x7c, 0x79, 0x3e, 0x80, 0xa9, 0xc9,
+        0x4e, 0xf7, 0x3b, 0x5b, 0x41, 0xa4, 0x56, 0xc1, 0x9e, 0xf3, 0x80, 0x16, 0x6d, 0xfe, 0x14,
+        0x98, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x27, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x04, 0xa9, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73,
+        0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00,
+        0x47, 0x44, 0x50, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x52, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb8,
+        0x96, 0x54, 0xe2, 0x2c, 0xa4, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0x45, 0x11, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x63, 0xf0,
+        0x66, 0x0d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x48, 0x96, 0x90, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x54, 0x63, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x39, 0x30,
+        0x38, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x53, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x63,
+        0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x00,
+        0x47, 0x44, 0x54, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a,
+        0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x4d, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58,
+        0x20, 0x45, 0x71, 0x10, 0x9a, 0x1b, 0x9c, 0x9f, 0x3c, 0x6e, 0x29, 0xf9, 0x6d, 0xb9, 0x93,
+        0x4a, 0xf2, 0x88, 0xf1, 0x3a, 0xf7, 0x69, 0xf9, 0xf3, 0x54, 0x91, 0x3a, 0x12, 0x4f, 0xd0,
+        0xbb, 0xb7, 0x0d, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x56, 0x8b, 0xb0, 0x0e, 0xd3, 0x8d, 0x12, 0xf5, 0x17,
+        0xd2, 0x6b, 0x21, 0xdf, 0x4d, 0xb8, 0xaa, 0x17, 0x65, 0x02, 0x4e, 0x5c, 0x0a, 0x77, 0x93,
+        0x64, 0x1e, 0x8d, 0xbc, 0x6a, 0xa1, 0x26, 0xe7, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20,
+        0x58, 0x40, 0xb0, 0x7b, 0xdd, 0xa5, 0x8e, 0xcb, 0xce, 0xf9, 0x89, 0xfb, 0x21, 0x4b, 0x29,
+        0x34, 0xff, 0x6b, 0x0e, 0xc1, 0xff, 0x51, 0xba, 0x12, 0x12, 0xa0, 0x93, 0x2c, 0x09, 0xca,
+        0x3a, 0x02, 0x81, 0x2a, 0x5b, 0x6f, 0x8d, 0x58, 0x21, 0x94, 0x30, 0xde, 0x99, 0x8b, 0x36,
+        0x69, 0x45, 0xa1, 0x52, 0x5c, 0x7b, 0x36, 0x4f, 0xec, 0x4f, 0x40, 0x5f, 0x10, 0xdf, 0x26,
+        0x18, 0xea, 0x4b, 0x72, 0x9f, 0x05, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02, 0x0f,
+        0x82, 0x58, 0x20, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c,
+        0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b,
+        0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x59, 0x01, 0xe9, 0x84, 0x03, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x6d,
+        0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0xae, 0x65, 0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67,
+        0x6c, 0x65, 0x65, 0x66, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x64, 0x01, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c,
+        0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x66, 0x64,
+        0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x67, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x70,
+        0x69, 0x78, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x76, 0x62, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x67,
+        0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e,
+        0x62, 0x31, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x75, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65,
+        0x72, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x76, 0x62, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61,
+        0x5f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x67, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x4f, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77,
+        0x88, 0x99, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0xee, 0xff, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x69,
+        0x74, 0x79, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f,
+        0x6f, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a,
+        0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x62, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x64, 0x72, 0x73,
+        0x79, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76,
+        0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f,
+        0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c,
+        0x63, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x11, 0x29, 0x11,
+        0x96, 0x98, 0x26, 0xb2, 0x3a, 0xf2, 0xf9, 0x95, 0xb7, 0x46, 0xb9, 0x38, 0x6e, 0x5e, 0x3d,
+        0x5e, 0xb2, 0x19, 0x90, 0xc7, 0xd3, 0xbd, 0x49, 0x47, 0x55, 0xcb, 0xef, 0xeb, 0x89, 0x22,
+        0x58, 0x20, 0x42, 0x87, 0xea, 0x75, 0x27, 0x42, 0x34, 0xeb, 0xe8, 0xb5, 0x50, 0xdf, 0xb0,
+        0xbf, 0xef, 0x6b, 0x62, 0x90, 0x5c, 0xd1, 0xe8, 0x2b, 0x4d, 0x02, 0x58, 0xe6, 0xca, 0xda,
+        0xe6, 0x33, 0x97, 0xff, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0x9b, 0x34, 0xdb, 0x1e, 0xe6, 0x53, 0x72,
+        0xaf, 0x67, 0xb5, 0x5e, 0x9a, 0xee, 0x07, 0x31, 0x77, 0xa3, 0x8b, 0x6a, 0xe9, 0x58, 0x97,
+        0x04, 0xe2, 0xa2, 0x48, 0x0f, 0xdf, 0x26, 0x4d, 0xe5, 0xbb, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26,
+        0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xf9, 0xd7, 0x37, 0x75, 0x6b, 0x55, 0xc7, 0x64, 0xf9, 0xe2,
+        0x59, 0x8f, 0x11, 0x48, 0xa1, 0xac, 0x95, 0xb1, 0xe3, 0x60, 0xe5, 0xa8, 0xa4, 0x2f, 0xb5,
+        0xcb, 0x90, 0x1e, 0x9e, 0xcb, 0x4c, 0xab, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x20, 0xad, 0x7b, 0xeb, 0xba,
+        0x5d, 0x3c, 0xd5, 0xa3, 0x6d, 0x86, 0x6e, 0x3f, 0x38, 0xb8, 0x44, 0x32, 0x4b, 0xe7, 0x97,
+        0xea, 0xf8, 0x3d, 0xc2, 0xc0, 0x7c, 0x1b, 0x49, 0xe4, 0x22, 0x23, 0xc7, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20,
+        0x5f, 0x1f, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xcf, 0x59, 0x1d, 0x7e, 0x98, 0x51, 0x78, 0xbe, 0xf8, 0x88, 0x0b,
+        0x64, 0x1b, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x7b, 0x12, 0x22, 0x53, 0xd9, 0xd5, 0x8d, 0x32, 0xe7, 0x7f, 0x0e,
+        0x97, 0x09, 0x58, 0x40, 0xe1, 0x9a, 0x3f, 0x36, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xfe, 0x1b, 0x99, 0xc9, 0x35,
+        0x8f, 0xb5, 0x5c, 0xfe, 0x12, 0x9c, 0x6f, 0x0e, 0x97, 0x12, 0xbd, 0x26, 0x32, 0x46, 0xd9,
+        0x08, 0x6b, 0x7c, 0xa1, 0xd3, 0x47, 0xd6, 0xba, 0xf0, 0x9c, 0xe0, 0x12, 0x37, 0x39, 0x75,
+        0x88, 0xb5, 0xbe, 0xd8, 0x37, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x26, 0xfc, 0x38, 0x14, 0x28, 0xea, 0x47, 0xcc,
+        0x1f, 0xf3, 0xfe, 0x44, 0x0c, 0x1e, 0x6f, 0x2b, 0xa1, 0x6b, 0x66, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65,
+        0x72, 0x70, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x78, 0x3b, 0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x2f,
+        0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65,
+        0x31, 0x3a, 0x31, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30,
+        0x35, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61,
+        0x73, 0x65, 0x2d, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x73};
+
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot1{
+        0x85, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x96,
+        0xf9, 0xf7, 0x16, 0xa7, 0xe2, 0x20, 0xe3, 0x6e, 0x19, 0x8e, 0xc0, 0xc4, 0x82, 0xc5, 0xca,
+        0x8d, 0x1d, 0xb4, 0xda, 0x94, 0x6d, 0xf8, 0xbc, 0x0b, 0x0e, 0xc7, 0x90, 0x83, 0x5b, 0xc3,
+        0x4b, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xed, 0xe0, 0xa1, 0x56, 0x46, 0x5b, 0xe0, 0x67, 0x2d, 0xbc, 0x08,
+        0x84, 0x6f, 0x43, 0xd0, 0x10, 0xf3, 0x70, 0x90, 0xc2, 0xbf, 0xe3, 0x6b, 0x32, 0x9f, 0xf3,
+        0xca, 0x57, 0x0f, 0xa8, 0xb9, 0xdd, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x04,
+        0xa9, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a,
+        0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x50, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47,
+        0x44, 0x52, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb8, 0x96, 0x54, 0xe2, 0x2c, 0xa4, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0x45,
+        0x11, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x63, 0xf0, 0x66, 0x0d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x48, 0x96, 0x90, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x54,
+        0x63, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x39, 0x30, 0x38, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x53, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00,
+        0x01, 0x11, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x6e,
+        0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x54, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47,
+        0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x4d, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
+        0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x04, 0x25, 0x41, 0x6f, 0x6a, 0xdc, 0x88, 0x56, 0x9a,
+        0xd4, 0x39, 0x82, 0xde, 0xd1, 0xe6, 0x65, 0xd4, 0x09, 0xb8, 0x9f, 0xde, 0xbf, 0x09, 0x03,
+        0xe3, 0x9a, 0x48, 0xd4, 0x4f, 0x13, 0xaa, 0x5b, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x3a, 0xfb, 0x46, 0x2d,
+        0xe1, 0xdf, 0x34, 0x76, 0x03, 0x37, 0x1e, 0xcf, 0xea, 0xd5, 0xf6, 0xd3, 0x99, 0x3e, 0x55,
+        0x2a, 0xd1, 0x9d, 0x10, 0x21, 0xb1, 0xc8, 0x4f, 0xbd, 0xec, 0xb6, 0x67, 0x82, 0x3a, 0x00,
+        0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x40, 0x10, 0xda, 0xc8, 0x8d, 0x83, 0x6d, 0xdd, 0x85,
+        0x48, 0x92, 0xdc, 0xc0, 0xc8, 0xde, 0xe4, 0x61, 0x03, 0x04, 0xfb, 0x77, 0xdf, 0xc1, 0xce,
+        0xb7, 0x9b, 0x74, 0x9a, 0x31, 0x7a, 0xca, 0xcb, 0x7c, 0x45, 0x65, 0xf5, 0xc1, 0x3b, 0x29,
+        0x53, 0x22, 0xbc, 0xda, 0xa9, 0xfa, 0x97, 0x84, 0x42, 0xfc, 0xcb, 0x36, 0xae, 0xe9, 0x67,
+        0x1c, 0xb1, 0x19, 0x42, 0x74, 0x01, 0xb1, 0x11, 0xc9, 0x7b, 0x58, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01,
         0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x82, 0x58, 0x20, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
         0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16,
         0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x59, 0x01, 0xe9, 0x84, 0x03,
@@ -126,276 +458,105 @@
         0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65,
         0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65,
         0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x63, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21,
-        0x58, 0x20, 0x46, 0xbd, 0xfc, 0xed, 0xa6, 0x94, 0x9a, 0xc4, 0x5e, 0x27, 0xcf, 0x24, 0x25,
-        0xc5, 0x0c, 0x7d, 0xed, 0x8f, 0x21, 0xe0, 0x47, 0x81, 0x5a, 0xdc, 0x3b, 0xd4, 0x9e, 0x13,
-        0xb6, 0x06, 0x36, 0x70, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x0a, 0xbd, 0xbc, 0x0d, 0x19, 0xba, 0xcc, 0xdc,
-        0x00, 0x64, 0x31, 0x4c, 0x84, 0x66, 0x1d, 0xfb, 0x50, 0xd0, 0xe3, 0xf8, 0x78, 0x9d, 0xf9,
-        0x77, 0x2b, 0x40, 0x6b, 0xb5, 0x8e, 0xd3, 0xf8, 0xa9, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0x9c, 0x42,
-        0x3f, 0x79, 0x76, 0xa0, 0xd1, 0x98, 0x58, 0xbb, 0x9b, 0x9e, 0xfb, 0x3b, 0x08, 0xf2, 0xe1,
-        0xa3, 0xfe, 0xf4, 0x21, 0x5b, 0x97, 0x2d, 0xcb, 0x9a, 0x55, 0x1a, 0x7f, 0xa7, 0xc1, 0xa8,
-        0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xef, 0xd3, 0x88, 0xc4, 0xbc,
-        0xce, 0x51, 0x4d, 0x4b, 0xd3, 0x81, 0x26, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0x66, 0x3b, 0x12, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x23,
-        0x7a, 0x2e, 0x7f, 0x82, 0xa7, 0x81, 0x74, 0x21, 0xc0, 0x12, 0x79, 0xf4, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20,
-        0xdc, 0x85, 0x6c, 0x1c, 0xcc, 0xf9, 0xf3, 0xe8, 0xff, 0x90, 0xfd, 0x89, 0x03, 0xf5, 0xaf,
-        0x75, 0xa0, 0x79, 0xbb, 0x53, 0x9a, 0x1f, 0x2b, 0x34, 0x86, 0x47, 0x3d, 0x66, 0x2a, 0x07,
-        0x3b, 0x1e, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x34, 0x7b, 0x15, 0xcc, 0xbf, 0x26, 0xc9, 0x28, 0x0e, 0xee,
-        0xc5, 0x47, 0xac, 0x00, 0xc4, 0x4d, 0x81, 0x2b, 0x1e, 0xac, 0x31, 0xd2, 0x6f, 0x36, 0x85,
-        0xe6, 0xa8, 0xf0, 0x46, 0xfc, 0xd2, 0x83, 0x58, 0x40, 0x55, 0x4c, 0x38, 0xdf, 0xfe, 0x49,
-        0xa8, 0xa0, 0xa5, 0x08, 0xce, 0x2f, 0xe5, 0xf6, 0x6e, 0x2b, 0xc2, 0x95, 0x39, 0xc8, 0xca,
-        0x77, 0xd6, 0xf6, 0x67, 0x24, 0x6b, 0x0e, 0x63, 0x5d, 0x11, 0x97, 0x26, 0x52, 0x30, 0xbc,
-        0x28, 0x1d, 0xbf, 0x2a, 0x3e, 0x8c, 0x90, 0x54, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xd1, 0x7c, 0x53, 0x7b, 0x48,
-        0x1f, 0x51, 0x50, 0x6c, 0x32, 0xe1, 0x0f, 0x57, 0xea, 0x47, 0x76, 0x85, 0x0c, 0xa1, 0x6b,
+        0x58, 0x20, 0xf6, 0x86, 0x74, 0x7d, 0x1a, 0x83, 0x75, 0xec, 0x8c, 0xf9, 0x3a, 0xa9, 0x20,
+        0x88, 0xe5, 0xca, 0x24, 0x34, 0x24, 0xbf, 0x89, 0xe7, 0xdb, 0x44, 0xc3, 0x6e, 0xdd, 0x5d,
+        0x1a, 0xe1, 0xf0, 0xd8, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xae, 0xcb, 0x01, 0x2e, 0x73, 0xac, 0xb5, 0x52,
+        0x0e, 0x73, 0x15, 0xd8, 0x9d, 0x78, 0x64, 0x10, 0x35, 0x41, 0x0e, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0x9a, 0x11,
+        0xa3, 0xed, 0x7f, 0x53, 0xa6, 0xff, 0xc4, 0xad, 0x61, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x5a, 0xd2, 0xc5,
+        0xd0, 0x58, 0x2e, 0x94, 0x93, 0xd7, 0xa4, 0x2d, 0x5b, 0x12, 0x43, 0x52, 0x93, 0xc3, 0x95,
+        0x91, 0xac, 0x6a, 0xa3, 0x31, 0x08, 0xda, 0x33, 0x6a, 0xce, 0x7e, 0x8e, 0xae, 0xb1, 0xa6,
+        0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x8f, 0xb1, 0x85, 0xa5, 0xf5, 0x68,
+        0x74, 0xfc, 0x8a, 0x87, 0x2b, 0x13, 0xea, 0xf7, 0xff, 0x82, 0x6d, 0xcf, 0xc3, 0xea, 0x04,
+        0x80, 0x40, 0xe5, 0xcb, 0x80, 0xdb, 0x07, 0x8b, 0x36, 0x8c, 0x29, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x6a,
+        0x8c, 0x52, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0x26, 0xb3, 0xf9, 0xa8, 0x91, 0x08, 0x4e, 0xec, 0x7a, 0x03, 0x16,
+        0x1c, 0xab, 0x12, 0xcd, 0x8b, 0x05, 0x77, 0x33, 0x16, 0x1c, 0x80, 0x99, 0x79, 0x14, 0x6a,
+        0x5c, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xd0, 0x0a, 0xa2, 0xaa, 0x27, 0x62, 0x10, 0x24, 0x0c, 0x74,
+        0x34, 0xe7, 0x06, 0xb3, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x9c, 0x86, 0xa6, 0x62, 0xb9, 0x0f, 0x1a, 0x4b, 0xe2,
+        0x8b, 0x45, 0x0a, 0xc9, 0xe3, 0x43, 0x28, 0x58, 0x40, 0xea, 0xe3, 0xd3, 0xd9, 0x7f, 0x4e,
+        0x08, 0x8a, 0x5b, 0xb9, 0xef, 0x28, 0x5a, 0xe0, 0x02, 0x40, 0xf5, 0x68, 0x49, 0x8b, 0xa7,
+        0xf7, 0x9d, 0xa3, 0xb3, 0x37, 0x72, 0x79, 0xa9, 0x32, 0x47, 0xf6, 0x8d, 0x5d, 0x08, 0xe7,
+        0xec, 0x00, 0x19, 0x09, 0x6f, 0x0a, 0x4d, 0x7c, 0x62, 0x6c, 0x2b, 0xaa, 0x33, 0x61, 0xe5,
+        0xa5, 0x3f, 0x2a, 0xfe, 0xcc, 0xdf, 0x8e, 0x62, 0x1c, 0x31, 0xe1, 0x56, 0x6b, 0xa1, 0x6b,
         0x66, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x72, 0x70, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x78, 0x3b, 0x62, 0x72,
         0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x64,
         0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x31, 0x3a, 0x31, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x32, 0x30,
         0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x35, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72, 0x2f,
         0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x2d, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x73};
 
-// The challenge that is in kKeysToSignForCsrWithUdsCerts and kCsrWithUdsCerts
-inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kChallenge{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08,
-                                             0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10,
-                                             0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18,
-                                             0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20};
-
-inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kKeysToSignForCsrWithUdsCerts{
-        0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x35, 0xeb, 0x56, 0xed,
-        0x62, 0x13, 0x6a, 0x41, 0x89, 0xf6, 0x72, 0xa6, 0xf1, 0x5c, 0xd1, 0xf6, 0x34, 0xbd, 0x81,
-        0xdb, 0x2e, 0x0b, 0x4d, 0xf6, 0x69, 0x6f, 0xa6, 0xf3, 0xce, 0x27, 0x2c, 0x78, 0x22, 0x58,
-        0x20, 0xac, 0xa9, 0x9f, 0x62, 0x81, 0x58, 0xc7, 0x10, 0xd7, 0xb5, 0xa8, 0xa0, 0x7b, 0x11,
-        0xf5, 0x75, 0xdb, 0xd9, 0xa2, 0x1d, 0x86, 0x34, 0xc6, 0xf4, 0x23, 0x79, 0xcc, 0x8a, 0x87,
-        0x3c, 0xb2, 0xd0, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x0f, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0xb7, 0xe1, 0x3b, 0x24, 0xa3, 0x4f,
-        0xaa, 0x49, 0x51, 0xfc, 0x8c, 0xd0, 0x35, 0x43, 0x7c, 0x21, 0xfa, 0x7d, 0x56, 0x97, 0x69,
-        0xe1, 0x81, 0xf5, 0x88, 0x15, 0x33, 0xa0, 0x7f, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01,
-        0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb5, 0xcc, 0xd9, 0x4f, 0x7a, 0xe2, 0xca, 0xac, 0xfe, 0xa5, 0x65, 0x0c,
-        0x6a, 0xa8, 0x16, 0x45, 0x40, 0x41, 0x1c, 0xb2, 0x64, 0xcd, 0x34, 0xe8, 0x37, 0x88, 0xb9,
-        0x9a, 0xb3, 0xc3, 0xfd, 0x6a, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x5e, 0xbe, 0xff, 0x98, 0x60, 0x6e, 0x1d,
-        0x6b, 0x42, 0x60, 0x59, 0xe9, 0x42, 0x95, 0xc8, 0x2e, 0xc5, 0xb6, 0x66, 0x4a, 0x53, 0xf1,
-        0x73, 0x02, 0xcb, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0xc9, 0xa5, 0xa3, 0x39, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xdb,
-        0xda, 0x3c, 0x3e, 0x27, 0x71, 0x5e, 0xd0, 0x2b, 0x09, 0xb8, 0x6f, 0xe2, 0x2c, 0xdd, 0x0a,
-        0xbf, 0x1d, 0x94, 0x36, 0xd2, 0x33, 0x88, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x05, 0x21, 0x92, 0x64, 0x79, 0xa9,
-        0x10};
-
-inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithUdsCerts{
-        0x84, 0x01, 0xa1, 0x70, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x2d, 0x73, 0x69, 0x67, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72,
-        0x2d, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x82, 0x59, 0x01, 0x6c, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x68, 0x30, 0x82,
-        0x01, 0x1a, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x7b, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b,
-        0x65, 0x70, 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x0c,
-        0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30,
-        0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x09, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x52, 0x6f,
-        0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x30, 0x31, 0x37, 0x31, 0x39, 0x32,
-        0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32, 0x34, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x36, 0x31, 0x39, 0x32,
-        0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a,
-        0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31,
-        0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x09, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20,
-        0x52, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x21,
-        0x00, 0x20, 0xc5, 0xfa, 0x42, 0xe9, 0x23, 0xd3, 0x72, 0x83, 0x96, 0xc5, 0x73, 0x1e, 0xec,
-        0x07, 0x39, 0x4f, 0xc8, 0xb7, 0xd1, 0x9f, 0x77, 0xb6, 0x0b, 0x59, 0x9e, 0x62, 0xc0, 0xec,
-        0x06, 0x06, 0xad, 0xa3, 0x63, 0x30, 0x61, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04,
-        0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xec, 0x36, 0x07, 0x83, 0xf0, 0xda, 0x23, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xb1, 0x08, 0xd0,
-        0x60, 0x97, 0xc1, 0x9a, 0x14, 0x54, 0xbf, 0x63, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23,
-        0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x80, 0x14, 0xec, 0x36, 0x07, 0x83, 0xf0, 0xda, 0x23, 0xfc, 0x0f,
-        0xb1, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x60, 0x97, 0xc1, 0x9a, 0x14, 0x54, 0xbf, 0x63, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03,
-        0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x05, 0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0e,
-        0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x30,
-        0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x41, 0x00, 0x41, 0xfa, 0x27, 0xfd, 0xe3, 0x42,
-        0x89, 0x43, 0x68, 0x92, 0x48, 0x39, 0xb1, 0x93, 0x93, 0x8b, 0x69, 0x16, 0x50, 0xbe, 0xc0,
-        0xc5, 0x83, 0xd6, 0x1e, 0x4b, 0x2f, 0x6e, 0x18, 0x32, 0x78, 0xfe, 0x35, 0x78, 0xed, 0x6d,
-        0xc8, 0x36, 0xb2, 0x4e, 0x0d, 0x10, 0x23, 0xab, 0x28, 0x32, 0xa1, 0xfc, 0x83, 0x2a, 0xa3,
-        0xca, 0xe1, 0xca, 0x82, 0xd2, 0x5f, 0xf1, 0x7f, 0xf2, 0xba, 0xbe, 0x86, 0x0b, 0x59, 0x01,
-        0x70, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x6c, 0x30, 0x82, 0x01, 0x1e, 0xa0, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02,
-        0x02, 0x01, 0xc8, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x30, 0x2b, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30,
-        0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x6f,
-        0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31, 0x12, 0x30, 0x10, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13,
-        0x09, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x52, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32,
-        0x34, 0x31, 0x30, 0x31, 0x37, 0x31, 0x39, 0x32, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x5a, 0x17, 0x0d, 0x32,
-        0x34, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x36, 0x31, 0x39, 0x32, 0x33, 0x30, 0x39, 0x5a, 0x30, 0x2e, 0x31,
-        0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20,
-        0x43, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x79, 0x31, 0x15, 0x30, 0x13, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
-        0x03, 0x13, 0x0c, 0x46, 0x61, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x20, 0x43, 0x68, 0x69, 0x70, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74,
-        0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x21, 0x00, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x4a,
-        0x88, 0x56, 0x9f, 0xc0, 0xf5, 0x1f, 0xe5, 0xef, 0xfb, 0xf4, 0x06, 0xbc, 0xb1, 0xe4, 0x4a,
-        0x37, 0xe5, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x65, 0x95, 0x55, 0x54, 0xfd, 0x90, 0xf9, 0x8b, 0xa7, 0xc6, 0xa3,
-        0x63, 0x30, 0x61, 0x30, 0x1d, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x0e, 0x04, 0x16, 0x04, 0x14, 0xef,
-        0x05, 0x40, 0x0a, 0x1b, 0x74, 0x3e, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0x22, 0xf5, 0x66, 0x0c, 0xd7, 0xf9, 0xb8,
-        0x8e, 0x81, 0x3d, 0xab, 0x30, 0x1f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x23, 0x04, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16,
-        0x80, 0x14, 0xec, 0x36, 0x07, 0x83, 0xf0, 0xda, 0x23, 0xfc, 0x0f, 0xb1, 0x08, 0xd0, 0x60,
-        0x97, 0xc1, 0x9a, 0x14, 0x54, 0xbf, 0x63, 0x30, 0x0f, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d, 0x13, 0x01,
-        0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x05, 0x30, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x1d,
-        0x0f, 0x01, 0x01, 0xff, 0x04, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x02, 0x04, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b,
-        0x65, 0x70, 0x03, 0x41, 0x00, 0x64, 0x32, 0x42, 0x06, 0xa7, 0x11, 0xb0, 0x67, 0x81, 0x73,
-        0x19, 0x70, 0xb6, 0x60, 0x1c, 0xd2, 0x43, 0xde, 0x42, 0xec, 0x71, 0x4d, 0x6e, 0xa8, 0xed,
-        0x6f, 0xe2, 0x59, 0x3e, 0xa3, 0x45, 0x82, 0x8b, 0x25, 0x25, 0xf9, 0xc6, 0xb3, 0xf5, 0xb5,
-        0x3d, 0x11, 0x7d, 0xcf, 0xf2, 0x50, 0x22, 0xff, 0x2b, 0xc5, 0x14, 0x94, 0x64, 0xbf, 0xbf,
-        0x52, 0x69, 0xb1, 0xfe, 0x07, 0x81, 0x83, 0xb3, 0x0d, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x27,
-        0x20, 0x06, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x4a, 0x88, 0x56, 0x9f, 0xc0, 0xf5, 0x1f, 0xe5,
-        0xef, 0xfb, 0xf4, 0x06, 0xbc, 0xb1, 0xe4, 0x4a, 0x37, 0xe5, 0x07, 0xf8, 0x65, 0x95, 0x55,
-        0x54, 0xfd, 0x90, 0xf9, 0x8b, 0xa7, 0xc6, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x8d, 0x38, 0x0d, 0x38, 0xcb,
-        0x76, 0x73, 0xef, 0x13, 0xd1, 0x08, 0x02, 0xa5, 0x0e, 0xd2, 0x16, 0xd4, 0x0f, 0x2c, 0x29,
-        0xf8, 0xd0, 0x20, 0xb8, 0x6a, 0x7f, 0xa2, 0xd1, 0x1e, 0xeb, 0xd1, 0x5c, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1,
-        0x01, 0x27, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x27, 0xa9, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72,
-        0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x50, 0x58,
-        0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot2{
+        0x85, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x82, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x96,
+        0xf9, 0xf7, 0x16, 0xa7, 0xe2, 0x20, 0xe3, 0x6e, 0x19, 0x8e, 0xc0, 0xc4, 0x82, 0xc5, 0xca,
+        0x8d, 0x1d, 0xb4, 0xda, 0x94, 0x6d, 0xf8, 0xbc, 0x0b, 0x0e, 0xc7, 0x90, 0x83, 0x5b, 0xc3,
+        0x4b, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xed, 0xe0, 0xa1, 0x56, 0x46, 0x5b, 0xe0, 0x67, 0x2d, 0xbc, 0x08,
+        0x84, 0x6f, 0x43, 0xd0, 0x10, 0xf3, 0x70, 0x90, 0xc2, 0xbf, 0xe3, 0x6b, 0x32, 0x9f, 0xf3,
+        0xca, 0x57, 0x0f, 0xa8, 0xb9, 0xdd, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x04,
+        0xa9, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69, 0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a,
+        0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x50, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
         0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x52, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb8, 0x96, 0x54, 0xe2, 0x2c,
-        0xa4, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0x45, 0x11, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x63, 0xf0, 0x66, 0x0d, 0x2e, 0x20,
-        0x48, 0x96, 0x90, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x54, 0x63, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x39, 0x30, 0x38, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47,
-        0x44, 0x53, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6f,
-        0x6e, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x54, 0x58,
-        0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47,
+        0x44, 0x52, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb8, 0x96, 0x54, 0xe2, 0x2c, 0xa4, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0x45,
+        0x11, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x63, 0xf0, 0x66, 0x0d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x48, 0x96, 0x90, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x54,
+        0x63, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x39, 0x30, 0x38, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x53, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00,
+        0x01, 0x11, 0x71, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x6e,
+        0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x54, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
         0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57,
-        0x58, 0x70, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x76, 0x82, 0x58,
-        0xce, 0x99, 0x1c, 0x29, 0xa1, 0x81, 0x3e, 0x22, 0xe3, 0x02, 0x13, 0xea, 0x2a, 0x25, 0x2e,
-        0x20, 0x14, 0xeb, 0x45, 0x0d, 0xb8, 0xdb, 0x8c, 0x38, 0xef, 0xeb, 0x25, 0xd6, 0x31, 0x22,
-        0x58, 0x20, 0xbe, 0x55, 0xba, 0x87, 0x17, 0xc2, 0x5b, 0xb6, 0x56, 0xff, 0x4b, 0xf0, 0x8a,
-        0x98, 0x57, 0x86, 0xa4, 0x36, 0x0a, 0x90, 0x38, 0xce, 0x66, 0xec, 0xcb, 0x25, 0x30, 0x29,
-        0x83, 0x02, 0x02, 0xc0, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x73, 0xdf, 0xc3, 0x4a, 0xe4, 0x2e, 0xbd, 0x04,
-        0x09, 0xec, 0x91, 0xc7, 0xe7, 0xf1, 0xec, 0x55, 0x10, 0x7e, 0xd1, 0x36, 0x5e, 0x9d, 0x11,
-        0x71, 0x27, 0xee, 0x30, 0x7b, 0x04, 0x45, 0x5f, 0x95, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41,
-        0x20, 0x58, 0x40, 0x44, 0x7f, 0x1a, 0x67, 0x16, 0xa0, 0x49, 0xfe, 0x2c, 0xde, 0x87, 0x38,
-        0xef, 0xb9, 0xe0, 0x19, 0x25, 0x7d, 0xcc, 0x39, 0x53, 0x27, 0xbd, 0x2c, 0x04, 0x6c, 0xe3,
-        0x5c, 0x5e, 0xd6, 0x27, 0x09, 0xb9, 0xf7, 0x8c, 0x2b, 0xd2, 0x68, 0xc3, 0xf1, 0x23, 0xcf,
-        0xc6, 0xfc, 0x21, 0xb3, 0x52, 0x48, 0xe6, 0x8a, 0x89, 0x3e, 0x37, 0x24, 0x13, 0x23, 0x80,
-        0xb2, 0xc7, 0xa7, 0xc6, 0xf1, 0xec, 0x04, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02,
-        0x0f, 0x82, 0x58, 0x20, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b,
-        0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a,
-        0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x59, 0x01, 0xe9, 0x84, 0x03, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79,
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-        0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xac, 0xa9, 0x9f, 0x62, 0x81, 0x58, 0xc7, 0x10, 0xd7, 0xb5, 0xa8, 0xa0,
-        0x7b, 0x11, 0xf5, 0x75, 0xdb, 0xd9, 0xa2, 0x1d, 0x86, 0x34, 0xc6, 0xf4, 0x23, 0x79, 0xcc,
-        0x8a, 0x87, 0x3c, 0xb2, 0xd0, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x0f, 0x2c, 0x5a, 0xb7, 0xe1, 0x3b, 0x24,
-        0xa3, 0x4f, 0xaa, 0x49, 0x51, 0xfc, 0x8c, 0xd0, 0x35, 0x43, 0x7c, 0x21, 0xfa, 0x7d, 0x56,
-        0x97, 0x69, 0xe1, 0x81, 0xf5, 0x88, 0x15, 0x33, 0xa0, 0x7f, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26,
-        0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xb5, 0xcc, 0xd9, 0x4f, 0x7a, 0xe2, 0xca, 0xac, 0xfe, 0xa5,
-        0x65, 0x0c, 0x6a, 0xa8, 0x16, 0x45, 0x40, 0x41, 0x1c, 0xb2, 0x64, 0xcd, 0x34, 0xe8, 0x37,
-        0x88, 0xb9, 0x9a, 0xb3, 0xc3, 0xfd, 0x6a, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x5e, 0xbe, 0xff, 0x98, 0x60,
-        0x6e, 0x1d, 0x6b, 0x42, 0x60, 0x59, 0xe9, 0x42, 0x95, 0xc8, 0x2e, 0xc5, 0xb6, 0x66, 0x4a,
-        0x53, 0xf1, 0x73, 0x02, 0xcb, 0x89, 0x8a, 0x2a, 0xc9, 0xa5, 0xa3, 0x39, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21,
-        0x00, 0xdb, 0xda, 0x3c, 0x3e, 0x27, 0x71, 0x5e, 0xd0, 0x2b, 0x09, 0xb8, 0x6f, 0xe2, 0x2c,
-        0xdd, 0x0a, 0xbf, 0x1d, 0x94, 0x36, 0xd2, 0x33, 0x88, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x05, 0x21, 0x92, 0x64,
-        0x79, 0xa9, 0x10, 0x58, 0x40, 0x87, 0xcf, 0xaa, 0x82, 0x6a, 0xba, 0x25, 0x8b, 0x81, 0xd8,
-        0x14, 0xca, 0xbd, 0xf4, 0x67, 0xdf, 0xc8, 0x2c, 0xa1, 0x04, 0x57, 0x99, 0xa0, 0x54, 0xe7,
-        0x9b, 0xb2, 0xd0, 0xaf, 0xdd, 0x07, 0x46, 0x0a, 0xd7, 0xbd, 0xa7, 0xf9, 0xa8, 0x0c, 0x08,
-        0x1e, 0x9c, 0xae, 0x73, 0x4c, 0x22, 0x6e, 0x56, 0x8b, 0xe4, 0x91, 0x54, 0xa4, 0x7a, 0xb0,
-        0xf5, 0xe4, 0x5d, 0xa9, 0x8f, 0xae, 0x43, 0x95, 0x7a};
-
-inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts = {
-        0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x50, 0x43, 0xb4, 0xf1,
-        0xc1, 0x7f, 0x17, 0xc6, 0x3b, 0x56, 0x27, 0x63, 0x03, 0x18, 0x78, 0x9d, 0x63, 0x93, 0x3b,
-        0x98, 0xed, 0x55, 0x8c, 0x87, 0x1b, 0xd7, 0x89, 0xb6, 0x81, 0x92, 0x5f, 0x24, 0x22, 0x58,
-        0x20, 0xd5, 0x24, 0x93, 0xda, 0x3e, 0x32, 0x17, 0xfa, 0xe8, 0x8d, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0xe0, 0x84,
-        0x4e, 0x1c, 0x6a, 0xef, 0x9a, 0xe3, 0xbe, 0x1d, 0xf1, 0x14, 0xe0, 0x9e, 0x82, 0xc8, 0x92,
-        0x1a, 0x3a, 0x69, 0x23, 0x58, 0x20, 0x29, 0xcb, 0x16, 0x78, 0x61, 0x35, 0x92, 0x3f, 0x71,
-        0xc4, 0x66, 0x61, 0xd4, 0xd4, 0x20, 0x8a, 0x86, 0x1e, 0xb0, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x4f, 0x13, 0xb4,
-        0x0d, 0x89, 0x60, 0x87, 0x77, 0xac, 0x1a, 0x0f, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01,
-        0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x4b, 0xcc, 0x7a, 0x09, 0x99, 0x76, 0xe7, 0xfa, 0x06, 0xb9, 0x19, 0x22,
-        0x15, 0x3b, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x34, 0x77, 0x24, 0x27, 0x8c, 0x8a, 0x97, 0x61, 0xf3, 0x6f, 0x29,
-        0x74, 0x4e, 0x9a, 0x66, 0x23, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x8f, 0xa8, 0xaf, 0x2b, 0x02, 0x3a, 0xd4,
-        0x8a, 0xa2, 0x9d, 0x25, 0xa8, 0x01, 0xe7, 0xbd, 0x61, 0x25, 0x88, 0xb4, 0xc9, 0xce, 0x05,
-        0x43, 0xcc, 0x0d, 0x38, 0x7d, 0xe2, 0xda, 0x03, 0xb3, 0x33, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xc8,
-        0x67, 0xb8, 0xbe, 0xc4, 0x1c, 0xca, 0x3c, 0x73, 0x3c, 0xbf, 0x52, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x64, 0x9e,
-        0x9f, 0xae, 0xc6, 0x9f, 0x02, 0x2f, 0xee, 0x92, 0x1d, 0xdb, 0x01, 0x77, 0x27, 0x12, 0x84,
-        0x14};
-
-inline const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsrWithoutUdsCerts{
-        0x84, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x38, 0x22, 0x20, 0x02, 0x21, 0x58, 0x30,
-        0x21, 0x09, 0x81, 0xb2, 0x4c, 0x8e, 0x23, 0x63, 0x46, 0xe5, 0x32, 0x1e, 0x1b, 0xa3, 0x39,
-        0x47, 0xd1, 0x19, 0x91, 0xc5, 0xe1, 0xd0, 0x51, 0xa4, 0x4e, 0x6d, 0xfd, 0x21, 0x46, 0xf3,
-        0x65, 0x6b, 0xd3, 0xec, 0x20, 0x21, 0xf8, 0xef, 0x39, 0x50, 0x0a, 0xfc, 0x6d, 0x18, 0xf8,
-        0x90, 0x1c, 0xc8, 0x22, 0x58, 0x30, 0x80, 0x1f, 0xd8, 0xe3, 0x64, 0x51, 0x48, 0x66, 0xa5,
-        0xad, 0x05, 0xcb, 0xe4, 0xee, 0x0f, 0x20, 0xc1, 0xca, 0x84, 0xc2, 0xe0, 0xcc, 0x22, 0x06,
-        0x7c, 0x5e, 0x2c, 0xb3, 0x3b, 0x52, 0xd4, 0xe7, 0xc1, 0xe2, 0x57, 0x9d, 0x8a, 0xa6, 0x5c,
-        0x08, 0xbb, 0x77, 0x07, 0xa8, 0x39, 0xba, 0x9f, 0x5f, 0x23, 0x58, 0x31, 0x00, 0xff, 0x5f,
-        0xa3, 0x03, 0x87, 0x70, 0xe5, 0xf0, 0x69, 0xcd, 0x0a, 0x32, 0x9e, 0x4a, 0xe8, 0x07, 0x1f,
-        0x26, 0xb9, 0x8a, 0x01, 0x83, 0xfe, 0xb9, 0x21, 0x22, 0x49, 0x9d, 0x9f, 0x78, 0x48, 0xf4,
-        0x24, 0x87, 0xe8, 0x4d, 0xab, 0xd5, 0xe9, 0xd6, 0x90, 0x49, 0x4b, 0x42, 0xb4, 0x68, 0xac,
-        0xf1, 0x84, 0x44, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x38, 0x22, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x01, 0x28, 0xa9, 0x01, 0x66, 0x69,
-        0x73, 0x73, 0x75, 0x65, 0x72, 0x02, 0x67, 0x73, 0x75, 0x62, 0x6a, 0x65, 0x63, 0x74, 0x3a,
-        0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x50, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x52, 0x58, 0x20,
-        0xb8, 0x96, 0x54, 0xe2, 0x2c, 0xa4, 0xd2, 0x4a, 0x9c, 0x0e, 0x45, 0x11, 0xc8, 0xf2, 0x63,
-        0xf0, 0x66, 0x0d, 0x2e, 0x20, 0x48, 0x96, 0x90, 0x14, 0xf4, 0x54, 0x63, 0xc4, 0xf4, 0x39,
-        0x30, 0x38, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x53, 0x55, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x01, 0x11, 0x71, 0x6e,
-        0x63, 0x6f, 0x6d, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x6e, 0x61, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x3a,
-        0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x54, 0x58, 0x20, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55,
-        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01,
-        0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x71, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21,
-        0x58, 0x20, 0x2d, 0x41, 0x43, 0x19, 0xf2, 0x91, 0x58, 0x12, 0x65, 0x2e, 0x96, 0xb5, 0x9d,
-        0x12, 0x18, 0x58, 0x54, 0x11, 0xed, 0x41, 0x30, 0xef, 0xa4, 0xee, 0x69, 0x8f, 0x0c, 0x6e,
-        0xe6, 0x27, 0xc5, 0x20, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0x21, 0x0e, 0x8f, 0x83, 0xe5, 0xeb, 0x40, 0x89,
-        0xc2, 0x0a, 0x43, 0x6c, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x4e, 0xe0, 0xba, 0x9e, 0xba, 0x4f, 0xe3, 0x27, 0xc4,
-        0xbd, 0x41, 0xa0, 0xd6, 0xe9, 0x55, 0x54, 0x17, 0x78, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xb6, 0x33,
-        0x44, 0x98, 0xa7, 0x1c, 0x90, 0x13, 0xcc, 0x42, 0x71, 0x43, 0x29, 0xe5, 0xe1, 0x57, 0x89,
-        0x7a, 0x39, 0x17, 0x7c, 0xcc, 0x03, 0xac, 0xd3, 0x1b, 0xd2, 0xae, 0x29, 0x5f, 0xd6, 0xf8,
-        0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x60, 0xc4, 0x54, 0xad, 0x40, 0xa2, 0x07,
-        0xc7, 0x80, 0xbd, 0x41, 0x77, 0x5d, 0xa7, 0xa2, 0xef, 0xef, 0x92, 0x67, 0x24, 0xab, 0xa1,
-        0x4a, 0x5e, 0x4f, 0x73, 0xfb, 0x5c, 0x1f, 0xe6, 0x46, 0x2f, 0xb9, 0x1b, 0x71, 0x86, 0x87,
-        0x29, 0xc4, 0x66, 0xb7, 0x3e, 0x85, 0x13, 0x9a, 0xa3, 0xf8, 0xfc, 0x63, 0x26, 0xe0, 0xba,
-        0x0b, 0xe0, 0x9b, 0x2e, 0x7d, 0x06, 0x06, 0xb8, 0x2f, 0xdd, 0x0c, 0xa5, 0x90, 0x1c, 0x10,
-        0x1c, 0x55, 0xf9, 0x65, 0xf6, 0x26, 0x40, 0x41, 0xaf, 0x5c, 0x16, 0x03, 0xf3, 0xee, 0x8d,
-        0x72, 0x2c, 0x6b, 0x1e, 0xb3, 0x1f, 0x96, 0x97, 0x34, 0x61, 0x0d, 0x5c, 0xe4, 0x94, 0x6a,
-        0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01, 0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02, 0x0f, 0x82, 0x58, 0x20, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
-        0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12,
-        0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x59,
-        0x01, 0xe9, 0x84, 0x03, 0x67, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0xae, 0x65, 0x62,
-        0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x65, 0x66, 0x75, 0x73,
-        0x65, 0x64, 0x01, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c,
-        0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x67,
-        0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x70, 0x69, 0x78, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x76,
-        0x62, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x6a, 0x6f,
-        0x73, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x65, 0x72, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x62, 0x31, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x61,
-        0x6e, 0x75, 0x66, 0x61, 0x63, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x72, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67,
-        0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x76, 0x62, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x5f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x67, 0x65, 0x73,
-        0x74, 0x4f, 0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd,
-        0xee, 0xff, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76,
-        0x65, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74,
-        0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x62, 0x70, 0x62,
-        0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65,
-        0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x64, 0x72, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x5f,
-        0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c,
-        0x61, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f,
-        0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x63, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
-        0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x50, 0x43, 0xb4, 0xf1, 0xc1, 0x7f, 0x17, 0xc6, 0x3b,
-        0x56, 0x27, 0x63, 0x03, 0x18, 0x78, 0x9d, 0x63, 0x93, 0x3b, 0x98, 0xed, 0x55, 0x8c, 0x87,
-        0x1b, 0xd7, 0x89, 0xb6, 0x81, 0x92, 0x5f, 0x24, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xd5, 0x24, 0x93, 0xda,
-        0x3e, 0x32, 0x17, 0xfa, 0xe8, 0x8d, 0x1e, 0xa9, 0xe0, 0x84, 0x4e, 0x1c, 0x6a, 0xef, 0x9a,
-        0xe3, 0xbe, 0x1d, 0xf1, 0x14, 0xe0, 0x9e, 0x82, 0xc8, 0x92, 0x1a, 0x3a, 0x69, 0x23, 0x58,
-        0x20, 0x29, 0xcb, 0x16, 0x78, 0x61, 0x35, 0x92, 0x3f, 0x71, 0xc4, 0x66, 0x61, 0xd4, 0xd4,
-        0x20, 0x8a, 0x86, 0x1e, 0xb0, 0x2b, 0x2f, 0x4f, 0x13, 0xb4, 0x0d, 0x89, 0x60, 0x87, 0x77,
-        0xac, 0x1a, 0x0f, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x4b, 0xcc,
-        0x7a, 0x09, 0x99, 0x76, 0xe7, 0xfa, 0x06, 0xb9, 0x19, 0x22, 0x15, 0x3b, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x34,
-        0x77, 0x24, 0x27, 0x8c, 0x8a, 0x97, 0x61, 0xf3, 0x6f, 0x29, 0x74, 0x4e, 0x9a, 0x66, 0x23,
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-        0x01, 0xe7, 0xbd, 0x61, 0x25, 0x88, 0xb4, 0xc9, 0xce, 0x05, 0x43, 0xcc, 0x0d, 0x38, 0x7d,
-        0xe2, 0xda, 0x03, 0xb3, 0x33, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xc8, 0x67, 0xb8, 0xbe, 0xc4, 0x1c,
-        0xca, 0x3c, 0x73, 0x3c, 0xbf, 0x52, 0xb2, 0x5a, 0x64, 0x9e, 0x9f, 0xae, 0xc6, 0x9f, 0x02,
-        0x2f, 0xee, 0x92, 0x1d, 0xdb, 0x01, 0x77, 0x27, 0x12, 0x84, 0x14, 0x58, 0x40, 0x6c, 0xd5,
-        0x66, 0x0a, 0x99, 0xdd, 0x32, 0x47, 0x50, 0x1f, 0x5d, 0x46, 0x40, 0x8a, 0x60, 0x25, 0xa0,
-        0x1b, 0x3c, 0x2a, 0xcf, 0xa1, 0x92, 0x1a, 0xdc, 0x81, 0xaa, 0xb0, 0x0f, 0xf2, 0xe6, 0x94,
-        0xce, 0x3d, 0xff, 0xac, 0x25, 0x44, 0xea, 0xf7, 0x0a, 0x89, 0x9d, 0xc4, 0x7e, 0xe5, 0x02,
-        0xa7, 0xb6, 0xc2, 0x40, 0x06, 0x65, 0xc5, 0xff, 0x19, 0xc5, 0xcd, 0x1c, 0xd5, 0x78, 0x01,
-        0xd4, 0xb8};
+        0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x55, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47,
+        0x44, 0x56, 0x41, 0x01, 0x3a, 0x00, 0x47, 0x44, 0x57, 0x58, 0x4d, 0xa5, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03,
+        0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0x2d, 0xbd, 0x92, 0x58, 0xc8, 0xcd, 0xc3, 0xc5, 0x14,
+        0xe3, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0xab, 0x71, 0x41, 0x46, 0x83, 0xb4, 0x3e, 0x82, 0xdb, 0xe7, 0x7d, 0x27,
+        0xe5, 0x26, 0x36, 0x94, 0xcb, 0x4c, 0x72, 0x8f, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xbf, 0xa2, 0xa7, 0x15,
+        0x46, 0x5a, 0xea, 0xa8, 0xc7, 0xad, 0x22, 0x61, 0x9c, 0xba, 0x87, 0x70, 0x65, 0x64, 0x11,
+        0x05, 0x8a, 0x58, 0x8c, 0x0c, 0x25, 0xc7, 0xf8, 0x5f, 0xfc, 0x4a, 0xee, 0xa1, 0x3a, 0x00,
+        0x47, 0x44, 0x58, 0x41, 0x20, 0x58, 0x40, 0x43, 0xba, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xbb, 0xa9, 0x9e, 0x8f,
+        0x06, 0xdf, 0x33, 0xa0, 0x3f, 0x30, 0xc3, 0x64, 0x84, 0x32, 0xb5, 0x2a, 0x06, 0x53, 0x13,
+        0x70, 0xbe, 0xa3, 0x0b, 0x4d, 0xbe, 0x8d, 0x8c, 0x90, 0xde, 0x6c, 0x1d, 0xa8, 0xea, 0x40,
+        0xd5, 0x17, 0xa1, 0xea, 0x62, 0x95, 0x37, 0x64, 0x92, 0xc3, 0xc4, 0xef, 0xd7, 0xcf, 0x87,
+        0x0c, 0x9a, 0xd2, 0x5c, 0x10, 0x1d, 0x00, 0x2e, 0xe4, 0xe9, 0x1f, 0x84, 0x43, 0xa1, 0x01,
+        0x26, 0xa0, 0x59, 0x02, 0x10, 0x82, 0x58, 0x20, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07,
+        0x08, 0x09, 0x0a, 0x0b, 0x0c, 0x0d, 0x0e, 0x0f, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16,
+        0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x1d, 0x1e, 0x1f, 0x20, 0x59, 0x01, 0xea, 0x84, 0x03,
+        0x67, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x6d, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0xae, 0x65, 0x62, 0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64,
+        0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x65, 0x66, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x64, 0x01, 0x65,
+        0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76,
+        0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x66, 0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x67, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64,
+        0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x65, 0x70, 0x69, 0x78, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x68, 0x76, 0x62, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74,
+        0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x65, 0x67, 0x72, 0x65, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x6a, 0x6f, 0x73, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x65,
+        0x72, 0x73, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x62, 0x31, 0x32, 0x6c, 0x6d, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x75, 0x66, 0x61,
+        0x63, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x65, 0x72, 0x66, 0x47, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x76,
+        0x62, 0x6d, 0x65, 0x74, 0x61, 0x5f, 0x64, 0x69, 0x67, 0x65, 0x73, 0x74, 0x4f, 0x11, 0x22,
+        0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66, 0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xaa, 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0xee, 0xff, 0x6e, 0x73,
+        0x65, 0x63, 0x75, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x79, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x63, 0x74,
+        0x65, 0x65, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c,
+        0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x62, 0x70, 0x62, 0x6f, 0x6f, 0x74, 0x6c,
+        0x6f, 0x61, 0x64, 0x65, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x65, 0x66, 0x6c, 0x6f, 0x63,
+        0x6b, 0x65, 0x64, 0x72, 0x73, 0x79, 0x73, 0x74, 0x65, 0x6d, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63,
+        0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x61, 0x72, 0x76, 0x65,
+        0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x5f, 0x70, 0x61, 0x74, 0x63, 0x68, 0x5f, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x76, 0x65,
+        0x6c, 0x1a, 0x01, 0x34, 0x8c, 0x63, 0x82, 0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21,
+        0x58, 0x20, 0xad, 0xd2, 0x8c, 0xcc, 0xfb, 0x22, 0xd8, 0x5a, 0x3b, 0x9d, 0x22, 0x58, 0xb3,
+        0x7c, 0xcc, 0xa5, 0x22, 0x46, 0x86, 0x2b, 0x29, 0x87, 0x49, 0xdd, 0xe4, 0x2c, 0xb4, 0x3f,
+        0xf2, 0x4e, 0x6a, 0xed, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20, 0xe9, 0x34, 0x28, 0x54, 0x21, 0x7e, 0x88, 0x34,
+        0x82, 0x0d, 0x0f, 0x14, 0x5b, 0xec, 0x61, 0xc4, 0xf2, 0xa4, 0xef, 0xf8, 0x17, 0xeb, 0xeb,
+        0x05, 0x01, 0x36, 0x14, 0x52, 0xc7, 0xc2, 0xd8, 0xd3, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xd9, 0xb4,
+        0x13, 0xd0, 0x86, 0x31, 0x5e, 0x97, 0xc2, 0x54, 0x03, 0x72, 0x80, 0x6f, 0x14, 0x53, 0xbe,
+        0x2e, 0xe5, 0x1b, 0x02, 0x1a, 0x62, 0x1a, 0x88, 0xe8, 0xa2, 0xde, 0xd0, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0x53,
+        0xa6, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x26, 0x20, 0x01, 0x21, 0x58, 0x20, 0xca, 0x7d, 0x6e, 0xb5, 0x78,
+        0x99, 0x9e, 0x66, 0xf4, 0x5d, 0xfe, 0xd5, 0x92, 0xe3, 0x30, 0xf5, 0xd5, 0xc2, 0x82, 0xf2,
+        0x6d, 0x58, 0x16, 0x26, 0xa5, 0xe7, 0xfc, 0x62, 0x8f, 0xf3, 0x61, 0x56, 0x22, 0x58, 0x20,
+        0x9f, 0x42, 0x22, 0x11, 0x1c, 0x45, 0x5c, 0x3a, 0x30, 0x95, 0xb4, 0xb3, 0x63, 0x26, 0x09,
+        0xfc, 0x2e, 0x6e, 0x99, 0xdd, 0x44, 0x37, 0x34, 0xa9, 0x68, 0x42, 0xf5, 0x91, 0x40, 0xae,
+        0xfa, 0x52, 0x23, 0x58, 0x21, 0x00, 0xe2, 0x3b, 0xaa, 0x88, 0xfc, 0xec, 0x23, 0xe7, 0x93,
+        0x91, 0x04, 0x8e, 0xae, 0xa7, 0x44, 0xb4, 0x5e, 0x46, 0xe8, 0x91, 0x59, 0x3e, 0x43, 0x13,
+        0x82, 0x8e, 0xa1, 0xee, 0x47, 0xbd, 0x13, 0x27, 0x58, 0x40, 0x43, 0x1d, 0xc8, 0x35, 0x44,
+        0xbf, 0xd5, 0x06, 0x2c, 0xac, 0x18, 0x3c, 0xbb, 0xc6, 0x77, 0x99, 0x2f, 0x4e, 0x71, 0xcd,
+        0x7a, 0x9b, 0x93, 0xc7, 0x08, 0xa3, 0x71, 0x89, 0xb5, 0xb2, 0x04, 0xbe, 0x69, 0x22, 0xf3,
+        0x66, 0xb8, 0xa9, 0xc6, 0x5e, 0x7c, 0x45, 0xf6, 0x2f, 0x8a, 0xa9, 0x3e, 0xee, 0x6f, 0x92,
+        0x2a, 0x9c, 0x91, 0xe2, 0x1d, 0x4a, 0x4e, 0x4a, 0xb4, 0xcc, 0x87, 0xd2, 0x85, 0x5f, 0xa1,
+        0x6b, 0x66, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x65, 0x72, 0x70, 0x72, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x78, 0x3b, 0x62,
+        0x72, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x75, 0x63, 0x74, 0x31, 0x2f,
+        0x64, 0x65, 0x76, 0x69, 0x63, 0x65, 0x31, 0x3a, 0x31, 0x31, 0x2f, 0x69, 0x64, 0x2f, 0x32,
+        0x30, 0x32, 0x31, 0x30, 0x38, 0x30, 0x35, 0x2e, 0x34, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x75, 0x73, 0x65, 0x72,
+        0x2f, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x65, 0x61, 0x73, 0x65, 0x2d, 0x6b, 0x65, 0x79, 0x73};
 
 const RpcHardwareInfo kRpcHardwareInfo = {.versionNumber = 3};
 
@@ -640,14 +801,87 @@
     ASSERT_FALSE(*result) << "DICE Chain is proper";
 }
 
+TEST(RemoteProvUtils, csrHasUdsCerts) {
+    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(kCsrWithUdsCerts, hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr16,
+                                      false /*isFactory*/, false /*allowAnyMode*/,
+                                      deviceSuffix(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csr.ok()) << csr.error().message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csr->hasUdsCerts());
+}
+
+TEST(RemoteProvUtils, csrDoesntHaveUdsCerts) {
+    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(kCsrWithoutUdsCerts, hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr16,
+                                      false /*isFactory*/, false /*allowAnyMode*/,
+                                      deviceSuffix(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csr.ok()) << csr.error().message();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(csr->hasUdsCerts());
+}
+
+TEST(RemoteProvUtils, csrHasCorrectChallenge) {
+    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(kCsrWithoutUdsCerts, hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr16,
+                                      false /*isFactory*/, false /*allowAnyMode*/,
+                                      deviceSuffix(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csr.ok()) << csr.error().message();
+
+    auto equal = csr->compareChallenge(kChallenge);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(equal.ok()) << equal.error().message();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*equal) << kErrorChallengeMismatch;
+
+    auto zeroes = std::vector<uint8_t>(32, 0);
+    auto notEqual = csr->compareChallenge(zeroes);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(notEqual.ok()) << notEqual.error().message();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(*notEqual) << "ERROR: challenges are not different";
+}
+
+TEST(RemoteProvUtils, csrHasCorrectKeysToSign) {
+    auto csr = hwtrust::Csr::validate(kCsrWithoutUdsCerts, hwtrust::DiceChain::Kind::kVsr16,
+                                      false /*isFactory*/, false /*allowAnyMode*/,
+                                      deviceSuffix(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csr.ok()) << csr.error().message();
+
+    auto equal = csr->compareKeysToSign(kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(equal.ok()) << equal.error().message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*equal) << kErrorKeysToSignMismatch;
+
+    auto zeroes = std::vector<uint8_t>(kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts.size(), 0);
+    auto notEqual = csr->compareKeysToSign(zeroes);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(notEqual.ok()) << notEqual.error().message();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(*notEqual) << kErrorKeysToSignMismatch;
+}
+
+TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, allowDegenerateDiceChainWhenDegenerate) {
+    auto [keysToSignPtr, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(kKeysToSignForCsrWithDegenerateDiceChain);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(keysToSignPtr) << "Error: " << errMsg;
+
+    const auto keysToSign = keysToSignPtr->asArray();
+    auto csr = verifyFactoryCsr(*keysToSign, kCsrWithDegenerateDiceChain, kRpcHardwareInfo,
+                                DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME, kChallenge,
+                                /*allowDegenerate=*/true, /*requireUdsCerts=*/false);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csr) << csr.message();
+}
+
+TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, disallowDegenerateDiceChainWhenDegenerate) {
+    auto [keysToSignPtr, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(kKeysToSignForCsrWithDegenerateDiceChain);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(keysToSignPtr) << "Error: " << errMsg;
+
+    const auto keysToSign = keysToSignPtr->asArray();
+    auto csr = verifyFactoryCsr(*keysToSign, kCsrWithDegenerateDiceChain, kRpcHardwareInfo,
+                                DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME, kChallenge,
+                                /*allowDegenerate=*/false, /*requireUdsCerts=*/false);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(csr);
+    ASSERT_THAT(csr.message(), testing::HasSubstr(kErrorDiceChainIsDegenerate));
+}
+
 TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, requireUdsCertsWhenPresent) {
     auto [keysToSignPtr, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(kKeysToSignForCsrWithUdsCerts);
     ASSERT_TRUE(keysToSignPtr) << "Error: " << errMsg;
 
     const auto keysToSign = keysToSignPtr->asArray();
-    auto csr =
-            verifyFactoryCsr(*keysToSign, kCsrWithUdsCerts, kRpcHardwareInfo, "default", kChallenge,
-                             /*allowDegenerate=*/false, /*requireUdsCerts=*/true);
+    auto csr = verifyFactoryCsr(*keysToSign, kCsrWithUdsCerts, kRpcHardwareInfo,
+                                DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME, kChallenge,
+                                /*allowDegenerate=*/false, /*requireUdsCerts=*/true);
     ASSERT_TRUE(csr) << csr.message();
 }
 
@@ -667,13 +901,11 @@
                                 DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME, kChallenge, /*allowDegenerate=*/false,
                                 /*requireUdsCerts=*/true);
     ASSERT_FALSE(csr);
-    ASSERT_THAT(csr.message(), testing::HasSubstr("UdsCerts must not be empty"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(csr.message(), testing::HasSubstr(kErrorUdsCertsAreRequired));
 }
 
 TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, dontRequireUdsCertsWhenNotPresent) {
-    auto [keysToSignPtr, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(
-            kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts.data(),
-            kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts.data() + kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts.size());
+    auto [keysToSignPtr, _, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(kKeysToSignForCsrWithoutUdsCerts);
     ASSERT_TRUE(keysToSignPtr) << "Error: " << errMsg;
 
     const auto* keysToSign = keysToSignPtr->asArray();
@@ -683,6 +915,21 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(csr) << csr.message();
 }
 
+TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, compareRootPublicKeysInDiceChains) {
+    ASSERT_NE(kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot1, kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot2);
+    ASSERT_NE(kCsrWithUdsCerts, kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot1);
+
+    auto equal = compareRootPublicKeysInDiceChains(kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot1, DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME,
+                                                   kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot2, DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(equal) << equal.message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*equal) << "Root public keys in DICE chains do not match.";
+
+    auto notEqual = compareRootPublicKeysInDiceChains(kCsrWithSharedUdsRoot1, DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME,
+                                                      kCsrWithUdsCerts, DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(notEqual) << notEqual.message();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(*notEqual) << "Root public keys in DICE chains match.";
+}
+
 TEST(RemoteProvUtilsTest, parseFullyQualifiedInstanceNames) {
     ASSERT_EQ(deviceSuffix(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME), "avf");
     ASSERT_EQ(deviceSuffix(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME), "default");
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
index b9c742a..d9bd0d8 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
@@ -151,20 +151,24 @@
     return corruptChain.encode();
 }
 
-bool matching_keymint_device(const string& rp_name, std::shared_ptr<IKeyMintDevice>* keyMint) {
-    auto rp_suffix = deviceSuffix(rp_name);
+template <class T>
+auto getHandle(const string& serviceName) {
+    ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(serviceName.c_str()));
+    return T::fromBinder(binder);
+}
 
-    vector<string> km_names = ::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IKeyMintDevice::descriptor);
-    for (const string& km_name : km_names) {
+std::shared_ptr<IKeyMintDevice> matchingKeyMintDevice(const string& rpcName) {
+    auto rpcSuffix = deviceSuffix(rpcName);
+
+    vector<string> kmNames = ::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IKeyMintDevice::descriptor);
+    for (const string& kmName : kmNames) {
         // If the suffix of the KeyMint instance equals the suffix of the
         // RemotelyProvisionedComponent instance, assume they match.
-        if (deviceSuffix(km_name) == rp_suffix && AServiceManager_isDeclared(km_name.c_str())) {
-            ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(km_name.c_str()));
-            *keyMint = IKeyMintDevice::fromBinder(binder);
-            return true;
+        if (deviceSuffix(kmName) == rpcSuffix && AServiceManager_isDeclared(kmName.c_str())) {
+            getHandle<IKeyMintDevice>(kmName);
         }
     }
-    return false;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -173,8 +177,7 @@
   public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
         if (AServiceManager_isDeclared(GetParam().c_str())) {
-            ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str()));
-            provisionable_ = IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::fromBinder(binder);
+            provisionable_ = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(GetParam());
         }
         ASSERT_NE(provisionable_, nullptr);
         auto status = provisionable_->getHardwareInfo(&rpcHardwareInfo);
@@ -210,9 +213,7 @@
     std::set<std::string> uniqueIds;
     for (auto hal : ::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::descriptor)) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(AServiceManager_isDeclared(hal.c_str()));
-        ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(hal.c_str()));
-        std::shared_ptr<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent> rpc =
-                IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::fromBinder(binder);
+        auto rpc = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(hal);
         ASSERT_NE(rpc, nullptr);
 
         RpcHardwareInfo hwInfo;
@@ -248,9 +249,7 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Strongbox is not present on this device.";
     }
 
-    ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str()));
-    std::shared_ptr<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent> rpc =
-            IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::fromBinder(binder);
+    auto rpc = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME);
     ASSERT_NE(rpc, nullptr);
 
     bytevec challenge = randomBytes(64);
@@ -263,6 +262,55 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(*result);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Verify that if a protected VM (also called `avf` or RKP VM) implementation exists, then the
+ * protected VM and the primary KeyMint (also called 'default') implementation's DICE certificate
+ * chain has the same root public key, i.e., the same UDS public key
+ */
+// @VsrTest = 7.1-003.001
+TEST(NonParameterizedTests, equalUdsPubInDiceCertChainForRkpVmAndPrimaryKeyMintInstances) {
+    int apiLevel = get_vsr_api_level();
+    if (apiLevel < 202504) {
+        if (!AServiceManager_isDeclared(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str())) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "The RKP VM (" << RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME
+                         << ") is not present on this device.";
+        }
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(AServiceManager_isDeclared(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str()));
+    }
+
+    auto rkpVmRpc = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    ASSERT_NE(rkpVmRpc, nullptr) << "The RKP VM (" << RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME
+                                 << ") RPC is unavailable.";
+
+    RpcHardwareInfo hardwareInfo;
+    auto status = rkpVmRpc->getHardwareInfo(&hardwareInfo);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "The RKP VM is not supported on this system.";
+    }
+
+    bytevec rkpVmChallenge = randomBytes(MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE);
+    bytevec rkpVmCsr;
+    auto rkpVmStatus =
+            rkpVmRpc->generateCertificateRequestV2({} /* keysToSign */, rkpVmChallenge, &rkpVmCsr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(rkpVmStatus.isOk()) << rkpVmStatus.getDescription();
+
+    auto primaryKeyMintRpc = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    ASSERT_NE(primaryKeyMintRpc, nullptr)
+            << "The Primary KeyMint (" << DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME << ") RPC is unavailable.";
+
+    bytevec primaryKeyMintChallenge = randomBytes(MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE);
+    bytevec primaryKeyMintCsr;
+    auto primaryKeyMintStatus = primaryKeyMintRpc->generateCertificateRequestV2(
+            {} /* keysToSign */, primaryKeyMintChallenge, &primaryKeyMintCsr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(primaryKeyMintStatus.isOk()) << primaryKeyMintStatus.getDescription();
+
+    auto equal = compareRootPublicKeysInDiceChains(rkpVmCsr, RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME, primaryKeyMintCsr,
+                                                   DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(equal) << equal.message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*equal) << "Primary KeyMint and RKP VM RPCs have different UDS public keys";
+}
+
 using GetHardwareInfoTests = VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests;
 
 INSTANTIATE_REM_PROV_AIDL_TEST(GetHardwareInfoTests);
@@ -336,9 +384,8 @@
  */
 TEST_P(GenerateKeyTests, generateAndUseEcdsaP256Key_prodMode) {
     // See if there is a matching IKeyMintDevice for this IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.
-    std::shared_ptr<IKeyMintDevice> keyMint;
-    if (!matching_keymint_device(GetParam(), &keyMint)) {
-        // No matching IKeyMintDevice.
+    auto keyMint = matchingKeyMintDevice(GetParam());
+    if (!keyMint) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping key use test as no matching KeyMint device found";
         return;
     }
@@ -931,9 +978,8 @@
 // @VsrTest = 3.10-015
 TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, DeviceInfo) {
     // See if there is a matching IKeyMintDevice for this IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.
-    std::shared_ptr<IKeyMintDevice> keyMint;
-    if (!matching_keymint_device(GetParam(), &keyMint)) {
-        // No matching IKeyMintDevice.
+    std::shared_ptr<IKeyMintDevice> keyMint = matchingKeyMintDevice(GetParam());
+    if (!keyMint) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping key use test as no matching KeyMint device found";
         return;
     }
@@ -999,6 +1045,7 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<cppbor::Array> csrPayload = std::move(*result);
     ASSERT_TRUE(csrPayload);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(csrPayload->size() > 2);
 
     auto deviceInfo = csrPayload->get(2)->asMap();
     ASSERT_TRUE(deviceInfo);