diff --git a/automotive/TEST_MAPPING b/automotive/TEST_MAPPING
index c64c880..483a85f 100644
--- a/automotive/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/automotive/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -19,10 +19,58 @@
     	"name": "CtsCarBuiltinApiHostTestCases"
     },
     {
-      "name": "CarServiceTest"
+      "name": "CarServiceAudioTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceCarTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceClusterTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceDiagnosticTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceDrivingStateTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceEvsTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceGarageModeTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceInputTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceOsTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServicePmTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServicePowerTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServicePropertyTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceRemoteAccessTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceStorageMonitoringTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceTelemetryTest"
     },
     {
       "name": "CarServiceUnitTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceVmsTest"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "CarServiceWatchdogTest"
     }
   ]
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/Android.bp b/automotive/evs/aidl/Android.bp
index dfb15c6..5b2f82f 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@
         ndk: {
             min_sdk_version: "29",
         },
+        rust: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
     },
     versions_with_info: [
         {
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml
index 50692f7..9ddc6ad 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/impl/default/manifest_evs-default-service.xml
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.automotive.evs</name>
         <fqname>IEvsEnumerator/hw/0</fqname>
-        <version>1</version>
+        <version>2</version>
     </hal>
 </manifest>
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/Android.bp b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac8b90f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+rust_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs-aidl-rust-service",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: ["src/*.rs"],
+    crate_root: "src/main.rs",
+    vintf_fragments: ["manifest_evs-rust-service.xml"],
+    init_rc: ["evs-rust-service.rc"],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.evs-V2-rust",
+        "libbinder_rs",
+        "liblog_rust",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/README.md b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf00aed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Rust Skeleton EVS HAL implementation.
+
+WARNING: This is not a reference EVS HAL implementation and therefore does not
+provide any actual functionality.
+
+This folder contains a skeleton EVS HAL implementation in Rust to demonstrate
+how vendors could implement their EVS HAL in Rust. To compile and run this
+implementation, please include below package to the device build script:
+
+* `android.hardware.automotive.evs-aidl-rust-service`
+
+Please note that this service will attempt to register the service as
+`IEvsEnumerator/rust/0` and therefore is also required to be declared in the
+service context by adding below line to a proper `service_contexts` file:
+
+> android.hardware.automotive.evs.IEvsEnumerator/rust/0 u:object_r:hal_evs_service:s0
+
+This implementation intentionally returns `binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR`
+for any API call except deprecated API for ultrasonics; the process will be
+panicked on these methods instead. Hence, this implementation does not comply
+with VTS tests and vendors must replace each method with actual implementation.
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/evs-rust-service.rc b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/evs-rust-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3741b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/evs-rust-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+service vendor.evs-hal-rust-default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.automotive.evs-aidl-rust-service
+    class early_hal
+    priority -20
+    user graphics
+    group automotive_evs camera
+    onrestart restart cardisplayproxyd
+    onrestart restart evsmanagerd
+    disabled
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/manifest_evs-rust-service.xml b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/manifest_evs-rust-service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..813cbb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/manifest_evs-rust-service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<manifest version="2.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.evs</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <fqname>IEvsEnumerator/rust/0</fqname>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/src/default_evs_hal.rs b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/src/default_evs_hal.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72b2d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/src/default_evs_hal.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+use android_hardware_automotive_evs::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::{
+    CameraDesc::CameraDesc, DisplayState::DisplayState, IEvsCamera::IEvsCamera,
+    IEvsDisplay::IEvsDisplay, IEvsEnumerator::IEvsEnumerator,
+    IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback::IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback,
+    IEvsUltrasonicsArray::IEvsUltrasonicsArray, Stream::Stream,
+    UltrasonicsArrayDesc::UltrasonicsArrayDesc,
+};
+
+pub struct DefaultEvsHal {}
+
+impl binder::Interface for DefaultEvsHal {}
+
+impl IEvsEnumerator for DefaultEvsHal {
+    fn closeCamera(
+        &self,
+        _: &binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsCamera + 'static)>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn closeDisplay(
+        &self,
+        _: &binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsDisplay + 'static)>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn closeUltrasonicsArray(
+        &self,
+        _: &binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsUltrasonicsArray + 'static)>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), binder::Status> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn getCameraList(&self) -> std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<CameraDesc>, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn getDisplayIdList(&self) -> std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<u8>, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn getDisplayState(&self) -> std::result::Result<DisplayState, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn getStreamList(
+        &self,
+        _: &CameraDesc,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<Stream>, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn getUltrasonicsArrayList(
+        &self,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<std::vec::Vec<UltrasonicsArrayDesc>, binder::Status> {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn isHardware(&self) -> std::result::Result<bool, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn openCamera(
+        &self,
+        _: &str,
+        _: &Stream,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsCamera + 'static)>, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn openDisplay(
+        &self,
+        _: i32,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsDisplay + 'static)>, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn openUltrasonicsArray(
+        &self,
+        _: &str,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsUltrasonicsArray + 'static)>, binder::Status>
+    {
+        unimplemented!()
+    }
+
+    fn registerStatusCallback(
+        &self,
+        _: &binder::Strong<(dyn IEvsEnumeratorStatusCallback + 'static)>,
+    ) -> std::result::Result<(), binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+
+    fn getDisplayStateById(&self, _: i32) -> std::result::Result<DisplayState, binder::Status> {
+        Err(binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/src/main.rs b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/src/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df312c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/rust_impl/src/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+mod default_evs_hal;
+
+use crate::default_evs_hal::DefaultEvsHal;
+
+use android_hardware_automotive_evs::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::evs::IEvsEnumerator::BnEvsEnumerator;
+
+use log::info;
+
+fn main() {
+    binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();
+
+    let service = DefaultEvsHal {};
+
+    // Register HAL implementation as rust/0 instance.
+    let service_name = "android.hardware.automotive.evs.IEvsEnumerator/rust/0";
+    let service_binder = BnEvsEnumerator::new_binder(service, binder::BinderFeatures::default());
+
+    binder::add_service(service_name, service_binder.as_binder())
+        .expect(format!("Failed to register {}.", service_name).as_str());
+    info!("EVS Hardware Enumerator is ready");
+
+    binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool();
+
+    // In normal operation, we don't expect the thread pool to exit.
+    info!("EVS Hardware Enumerator is shutting down");
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp
index 73bb521..201ddb0 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp
@@ -83,6 +83,17 @@
     return configs;
 }
 
+std::optional<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> GRPCVehicleHardware::getPropertyConfig(
+        int32_t propId) const {
+    // TODO(b/354055835): Use GRPC call to get one config instead of getting all the configs.
+    for (const auto& config : getAllPropertyConfigs()) {
+        if (config.prop == propId) {
+            return config;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
 aidlvhal::StatusCode GRPCVehicleHardware::setValues(
         std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
         const std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest>& requests) {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h
index 1edf658..15f473c 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
     // Get all the property configs.
     std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> getAllPropertyConfigs() const override;
 
+    // Get the config for the specified propId.
+    std::optional<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig>
+    getPropertyConfig(int32_t propId) const override;
+
     // Set property values asynchronously. Server could return before the property set requests
     // are sent to vehicle bus or before property set confirmation is received. The callback is
     // safe to be called after the function returns and is safe to be called in a different thread.
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/hardware/include/IVehicleHardware.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/hardware/include/IVehicleHardware.h
index f49d91b..0684655 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/hardware/include/IVehicleHardware.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/hardware/include/IVehicleHardware.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <VehicleHalTypes.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -46,33 +47,53 @@
     int32_t areaId;
 };
 
+namespace aidlvhal = ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle;
+
 // An abstract interface to access vehicle hardware.
 // For virtualized VHAL, GrpcVehicleHardware would communicate with a VehicleHardware
 // implementation in another VM through GRPC. For non-virtualzied VHAL, VHAL directly communicates
 // with a VehicleHardware through this interface.
 class IVehicleHardware {
   public:
-    using SetValuesCallback = std::function<void(
-            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SetValueResult>)>;
-    using GetValuesCallback = std::function<void(
-            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::GetValueResult>)>;
-    using PropertyChangeCallback = std::function<void(
-            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>)>;
+    using SetValuesCallback = std::function<void(std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueResult>)>;
+    using GetValuesCallback = std::function<void(std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueResult>)>;
+    using PropertyChangeCallback = std::function<void(std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue>)>;
     using PropertySetErrorCallback = std::function<void(std::vector<SetValueErrorEvent>)>;
 
     virtual ~IVehicleHardware() = default;
 
     // Get all the property configs.
-    virtual std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig>
-    getAllPropertyConfigs() const = 0;
+    virtual std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> getAllPropertyConfigs() const = 0;
+
+    // Get the property configs for the specified propId. This is used for early-boot
+    // native VHAL clients to access certain property configs when not all property configs are
+    // available. For example, a config discovery process might be required to determine the
+    // property config for HVAC. However, for early boot properties, e.g. VHAL_HEARTBEAT, it
+    // could return before the config discovery process.
+    //
+    // Currently Android system may try to access the following properties during early boot:
+    // STORAGE_ENCRYPTION_BINDING_SEED, WATCHDOG_ALIVE, WATCHDOG_TERMINATE_PROCESS, VHAL_HEARTBEAT,
+    // CURRENT_POWER_POLICY, POWER_POLICY_REQ, POWER_POLICY_GROUP_REQ. They should return
+    // quickly otherwise the whole bootup process might be blocked.
+    virtual std::optional<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> getPropertyConfig(int32_t propId) const {
+        // The default implementation is to use getAllPropertyConfigs(). This should be
+        // overridden if getAllPropertyConfigs() takes a while to return for initial boot or
+        // relies on ethernet or other communication channel that is not available during early
+        // boot.
+        for (const auto& config : getAllPropertyConfigs()) {
+            if (config.prop == propId) {
+                return config;
+            }
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
 
     // Set property values asynchronously. Server could return before the property set requests
     // are sent to vehicle bus or before property set confirmation is received. The callback is
     // safe to be called after the function returns and is safe to be called in a different thread.
-    virtual aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode setValues(
+    virtual aidlvhal::StatusCode setValues(
             std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
-            const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SetValueRequest>&
-                    requests) = 0;
+            const std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest>& requests) = 0;
 
     // Get property values asynchronously. Server could return before the property values are ready.
     // The callback is safe to be called after the function returns and is safe to be called in a
@@ -86,7 +107,7 @@
     virtual DumpResult dump(const std::vector<std::string>& options) = 0;
 
     // Check whether the system is healthy, return {@code StatusCode::OK} for healthy.
-    virtual aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode checkHealth() = 0;
+    virtual aidlvhal::StatusCode checkHealth() = 0;
 
     // Register a callback that would be called when there is a property change event from vehicle.
     // This function must only be called once during initialization.
@@ -179,16 +200,14 @@
     // 5. The second subscriber is removed, 'unsubscribe' is called.
     //    The impl can optionally disable the polling for vehicle speed.
     //
-    virtual aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode subscribe(
-            [[maybe_unused]] aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SubscribeOptions
-                    options) {
-        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    virtual aidlvhal::StatusCode subscribe([[maybe_unused]] aidlvhal::SubscribeOptions options) {
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK;
     }
 
     // A [propId, areaId] is unsubscribed. This applies for both continuous or on-change property.
-    virtual aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode unsubscribe(
-            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t propId, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t areaId) {
-        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    virtual aidlvhal::StatusCode unsubscribe([[maybe_unused]] int32_t propId,
+                                             [[maybe_unused]] int32_t areaId) {
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK;
     }
 
     // This function is deprecated, subscribe/unsubscribe should be used instead.
@@ -216,10 +235,10 @@
     //
     // If the impl is always polling at {@code maxSampleRate} as specified in config, then this
     // function can be a no-op.
-    virtual aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode updateSampleRate(
-            [[maybe_unused]] int32_t propId, [[maybe_unused]] int32_t areaId,
-            [[maybe_unused]] float sampleRate) {
-        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    virtual aidlvhal::StatusCode updateSampleRate([[maybe_unused]] int32_t propId,
+                                                  [[maybe_unused]] int32_t areaId,
+                                                  [[maybe_unused]] float sampleRate) {
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK;
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h
index fa2a310..932a2e2 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/include/DefaultVehicleHal.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 #include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <shared_mutex>
@@ -138,12 +139,11 @@
     // Only used for testing.
     int32_t mTestInterfaceVersion = 0;
 
-    // mConfigsByPropId and mConfigFile is lazy initialized.
-    mutable std::mutex mConfigInitLock;
-    mutable bool mConfigInit GUARDED_BY(mConfigInitLock) = false;
+    mutable std::atomic<bool> mConfigInit = false;
+    mutable std::shared_timed_mutex mConfigLock;
     mutable std::unordered_map<int32_t, aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> mConfigsByPropId
-            GUARDED_BY(mConfigInitLock);
-    mutable std::unique_ptr<ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor> mConfigFile GUARDED_BY(mConfigInitLock);
+            GUARDED_BY(mConfigLock);
+    mutable std::unique_ptr<ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor> mConfigFile GUARDED_BY(mConfigLock);
 
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::unordered_map<const AIBinder*, std::unique_ptr<OnBinderDiedContext>> mOnBinderDiedContexts
@@ -175,7 +175,10 @@
 
     android::base::Result<std::vector<int64_t>> checkDuplicateRequests(
             const std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest>& requests);
-    VhalResult<void> checkSubscribeOptions(const std::vector<aidlvhal::SubscribeOptions>& options);
+    VhalResult<void> checkSubscribeOptions(
+            const std::vector<aidlvhal::SubscribeOptions>& options,
+            const std::unordered_map<int32_t, aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig>& configsByPropId)
+            REQUIRES_SHARED(mConfigLock);
 
     VhalResult<void> checkPermissionHelper(const aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue& value,
                                            aidlvhal::VehiclePropertyAccess accessToTest) const;
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@
 
     VhalResult<void> checkWritePermission(const aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue& value) const;
 
-    android::base::Result<const aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig*> getConfig(int32_t propId) const;
+    android::base::Result<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> getConfig(int32_t propId) const;
 
     void onBinderDiedWithContext(const AIBinder* clientId);
 
@@ -196,7 +199,9 @@
 
     bool checkDumpPermission();
 
-    bool getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked() const REQUIRES(mConfigInitLock);
+    bool isConfigSupportedForCurrentVhalVersion(const aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig& config) const;
+
+    bool getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked() const EXCLUDES(mConfigLock);
 
     // The looping handler function to process all onBinderDied or onBinderUnlinked events in
     // mBinderEvents.
@@ -209,10 +214,12 @@
 
     int32_t getVhalInterfaceVersion() const;
 
-    // Gets mConfigsByPropId, lazy init it if necessary.
-    const std::unordered_map<int32_t, aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig>& getConfigsByPropId() const;
-    // Gets mConfigFile, lazy init it if necessary.
-    const ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor* getConfigFile() const;
+    // Gets mConfigsByPropId, lazy init it if necessary. Note that the reference is only valid in
+    // the scope of the callback and it is guaranteed that read lock is obtained during the
+    // callback.
+    void getConfigsByPropId(
+            std::function<void(const std::unordered_map<int32_t, aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig>&)>
+                    callback) const EXCLUDES(mConfigLock);
 
     // Puts the property change events into a queue so that they can handled in batch.
     static void batchPropertyChangeEvent(
@@ -239,6 +246,12 @@
 
     static void onBinderUnlinked(void* cookie);
 
+    static void parseSubscribeOptions(
+            const std::vector<aidlvhal::SubscribeOptions>& options,
+            const std::unordered_map<int32_t, aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig>& configsByPropId,
+            std::vector<aidlvhal::SubscribeOptions>& onChangeSubscriptions,
+            std::vector<aidlvhal::SubscribeOptions>& continuousSubscriptions);
+
     // Test-only
     // Set the default timeout for pending requests.
     void setTimeout(int64_t timeoutInNano);
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
index 9dc039d..0ead819 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,18 @@
     return sampleRateHz;
 }
 
+class SCOPED_CAPABILITY SharedScopedLockAssertion {
+  public:
+    SharedScopedLockAssertion(std::shared_timed_mutex& mutex) ACQUIRE_SHARED(mutex) {}
+    ~SharedScopedLockAssertion() RELEASE() {}
+};
+
+class SCOPED_CAPABILITY UniqueScopedLockAssertion {
+  public:
+    UniqueScopedLockAssertion(std::shared_timed_mutex& mutex) ACQUIRE(mutex) {}
+    ~UniqueScopedLockAssertion() RELEASE() {}
+};
+
 }  // namespace
 
 DefaultVehicleHal::DefaultVehicleHal(std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware> vehicleHardware)
@@ -328,95 +340,127 @@
     return myVersion;
 }
 
-bool DefaultVehicleHal::getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked() const {
-    ALOGD("Get all property configs from hardware");
-    auto configs = mVehicleHardware->getAllPropertyConfigs();
-    std::vector<VehiclePropConfig> filteredConfigs;
+bool DefaultVehicleHal::isConfigSupportedForCurrentVhalVersion(
+        const VehiclePropConfig& config) const {
     int32_t myVersion = getVhalInterfaceVersion();
-    for (auto& config : configs) {
-        if (!isSystemProp(config.prop)) {
-            filteredConfigs.push_back(std::move(config));
-            continue;
-        }
-        VehicleProperty property = static_cast<VehicleProperty>(config.prop);
-        std::string propertyName = aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::toString(property);
-        auto it = VersionForVehicleProperty.find(property);
-        if (it == VersionForVehicleProperty.end()) {
-            ALOGE("The property: %s is not a supported system property, ignore",
-                  propertyName.c_str());
-            continue;
-        }
-        int requiredVersion = it->second;
-        if (myVersion < requiredVersion) {
-            ALOGE("The property: %s is not supported for current client VHAL version, "
-                  "require %d, current version: %d, ignore",
-                  propertyName.c_str(), requiredVersion, myVersion);
-            continue;
-        }
-        filteredConfigs.push_back(std::move(config));
+    if (!isSystemProp(config.prop)) {
+        return true;
     }
-    for (auto& config : filteredConfigs) {
-        mConfigsByPropId[config.prop] = config;
-    }
-    VehiclePropConfigs vehiclePropConfigs;
-    vehiclePropConfigs.payloads = std::move(filteredConfigs);
-    auto result = LargeParcelableBase::parcelableToStableLargeParcelable(vehiclePropConfigs);
-    if (!result.ok()) {
-        ALOGE("failed to convert configs to shared memory file, error: %s, code: %d",
-              result.error().message().c_str(), static_cast<int>(result.error().code()));
-        mConfigFile = nullptr;
+    VehicleProperty property = static_cast<VehicleProperty>(config.prop);
+    std::string propertyName = aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::toString(property);
+    auto it = VersionForVehicleProperty.find(property);
+    if (it == VersionForVehicleProperty.end()) {
+        ALOGE("The property: %s is not a supported system property, ignore", propertyName.c_str());
         return false;
     }
-
-    if (result.value() != nullptr) {
-        mConfigFile = std::move(result.value());
+    int requiredVersion = it->second;
+    if (myVersion < requiredVersion) {
+        ALOGE("The property: %s is not supported for current client VHAL version, "
+              "require %d, current version: %d, ignore",
+              propertyName.c_str(), requiredVersion, myVersion);
+        return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
-const ScopedFileDescriptor* DefaultVehicleHal::getConfigFile() const {
-    std::scoped_lock lockGuard(mConfigInitLock);
-    if (!mConfigInit) {
-        CHECK(getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked())
-                << "Failed to get property configs from hardware";
-        mConfigInit = true;
+bool DefaultVehicleHal::getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked() const {
+    ALOGD("Get all property configs from hardware");
+    auto configs = mVehicleHardware->getAllPropertyConfigs();
+    std::vector<VehiclePropConfig> filteredConfigs;
+    for (const auto& config : configs) {
+        if (isConfigSupportedForCurrentVhalVersion(config)) {
+            filteredConfigs.push_back(std::move(config));
+        }
     }
-    return mConfigFile.get();
+
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::shared_timed_mutex> configWriteLock(mConfigLock);
+        UniqueScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+        for (auto& config : filteredConfigs) {
+            mConfigsByPropId[config.prop] = config;
+        }
+        VehiclePropConfigs vehiclePropConfigs;
+        vehiclePropConfigs.payloads = std::move(filteredConfigs);
+        auto result = LargeParcelableBase::parcelableToStableLargeParcelable(vehiclePropConfigs);
+        if (!result.ok()) {
+            ALOGE("failed to convert configs to shared memory file, error: %s, code: %d",
+                  result.error().message().c_str(), static_cast<int>(result.error().code()));
+            mConfigFile = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (result.value() != nullptr) {
+            mConfigFile = std::move(result.value());
+        }
+    }
+
+    mConfigInit = true;
+    return true;
 }
 
-const std::unordered_map<int32_t, VehiclePropConfig>& DefaultVehicleHal::getConfigsByPropId()
-        const {
-    std::scoped_lock lockGuard(mConfigInitLock);
+void DefaultVehicleHal::getConfigsByPropId(
+        std::function<void(const std::unordered_map<int32_t, VehiclePropConfig>&)> callback) const {
     if (!mConfigInit) {
         CHECK(getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked())
                 << "Failed to get property configs from hardware";
-        mConfigInit = true;
     }
-    return mConfigsByPropId;
+
+    std::shared_lock<std::shared_timed_mutex> configReadLock(mConfigLock);
+    SharedScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+    callback(mConfigsByPropId);
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus DefaultVehicleHal::getAllPropConfigs(VehiclePropConfigs* output) {
-    const ScopedFileDescriptor* configFile = getConfigFile();
-    const auto& configsByPropId = getConfigsByPropId();
-    if (configFile != nullptr) {
+    if (!mConfigInit) {
+        CHECK(getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked())
+                << "Failed to get property configs from hardware";
+    }
+
+    std::shared_lock<std::shared_timed_mutex> configReadLock(mConfigLock);
+    SharedScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+    if (mConfigFile != nullptr) {
         output->payloads.clear();
-        output->sharedMemoryFd.set(dup(configFile->get()));
+        output->sharedMemoryFd.set(dup(mConfigFile->get()));
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
-    output->payloads.reserve(configsByPropId.size());
-    for (const auto& [_, config] : configsByPropId) {
+
+    output->payloads.reserve(mConfigsByPropId.size());
+    for (const auto& [_, config] : mConfigsByPropId) {
         output->payloads.push_back(config);
     }
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-Result<const VehiclePropConfig*> DefaultVehicleHal::getConfig(int32_t propId) const {
-    const auto& configsByPropId = getConfigsByPropId();
-    auto it = configsByPropId.find(propId);
-    if (it == configsByPropId.end()) {
-        return Error() << "no config for property, ID: " << propId;
+Result<VehiclePropConfig> DefaultVehicleHal::getConfig(int32_t propId) const {
+    Result<VehiclePropConfig> result;
+
+    if (!mConfigInit) {
+        std::optional<VehiclePropConfig> config = mVehicleHardware->getPropertyConfig(propId);
+        if (!config.has_value()) {
+            return Error() << "no config for property, ID: " << propId;
+        }
+        if (!isConfigSupportedForCurrentVhalVersion(config.value())) {
+            return Error() << "property not supported for current VHAL interface, ID: " << propId;
+        }
+
+        return config.value();
     }
-    return &(it->second);
+
+    getConfigsByPropId([this, &result, propId](const auto& configsByPropId) {
+        SharedScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+        auto it = configsByPropId.find(propId);
+        if (it == configsByPropId.end()) {
+            result = Error() << "no config for property, ID: " << propId;
+            return;
+        }
+        // Copy the VehiclePropConfig
+        result = it->second;
+    });
+    return result;
 }
 
 Result<void> DefaultVehicleHal::checkProperty(const VehiclePropValue& propValue) {
@@ -425,15 +469,15 @@
     if (!result.ok()) {
         return result.error();
     }
-    const VehiclePropConfig* config = result.value();
-    const VehicleAreaConfig* areaConfig = getAreaConfig(propValue, *config);
+    const VehiclePropConfig& config = result.value();
+    const VehicleAreaConfig* areaConfig = getAreaConfig(propValue, config);
     if (!isGlobalProp(propId) && areaConfig == nullptr) {
         // Ignore areaId for global property. For non global property, check whether areaId is
         // allowed. areaId must appear in areaConfig.
         return Error() << "invalid area ID: " << propValue.areaId << " for prop ID: " << propId
                        << ", not listed in config";
     }
-    if (auto result = checkPropValue(propValue, config); !result.ok()) {
+    if (auto result = checkPropValue(propValue, &config); !result.ok()) {
         return Error() << "invalid property value: " << propValue.toString()
                        << ", error: " << getErrorMsg(result);
     }
@@ -659,17 +703,43 @@
 ScopedAStatus DefaultVehicleHal::getPropConfigs(const std::vector<int32_t>& props,
                                                 VehiclePropConfigs* output) {
     std::vector<VehiclePropConfig> configs;
-    const auto& configsByPropId = getConfigsByPropId();
-    for (int32_t prop : props) {
-        auto it = configsByPropId.find(prop);
-        if (it != configsByPropId.end()) {
-            configs.push_back(it->second);
-        } else {
-            return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
-                    toInt(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG),
-                    StringPrintf("no config for property, ID: %" PRId32, prop).c_str());
+
+    if (!mConfigInit) {
+        for (int32_t prop : props) {
+            auto maybeConfig = mVehicleHardware->getPropertyConfig(prop);
+            if (!maybeConfig.has_value() ||
+                !isConfigSupportedForCurrentVhalVersion(maybeConfig.value())) {
+                return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                        toInt(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG),
+                        StringPrintf("no config for property, ID: %" PRId32, prop).c_str());
+            }
+            configs.push_back(maybeConfig.value());
         }
+
+        return vectorToStableLargeParcelable(std::move(configs), output);
     }
+
+    ScopedAStatus status = ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    getConfigsByPropId([this, &configs, &status, &props](const auto& configsByPropId) {
+        SharedScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+        for (int32_t prop : props) {
+            auto it = configsByPropId.find(prop);
+            if (it != configsByPropId.end()) {
+                configs.push_back(it->second);
+            } else {
+                status = ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                        toInt(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG),
+                        StringPrintf("no config for property, ID: %" PRId32, prop).c_str());
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
     return vectorToStableLargeParcelable(std::move(configs), output);
 }
 
@@ -691,8 +761,8 @@
 }
 
 VhalResult<void> DefaultVehicleHal::checkSubscribeOptions(
-        const std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& options) {
-    const auto& configsByPropId = getConfigsByPropId();
+        const std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& options,
+        const std::unordered_map<int32_t, VehiclePropConfig>& configsByPropId) {
     for (const auto& option : options) {
         int32_t propId = option.propId;
         auto it = configsByPropId.find(propId);
@@ -757,23 +827,15 @@
             }
         }
     }
+
     return {};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus DefaultVehicleHal::subscribe(const CallbackType& callback,
-                                           const std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& options,
-                                           [[maybe_unused]] int32_t maxSharedMemoryFileCount) {
-    // TODO(b/205189110): Use shared memory file count.
-    if (callback == nullptr) {
-        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
-    }
-    if (auto result = checkSubscribeOptions(options); !result.ok()) {
-        ALOGE("subscribe: invalid subscribe options: %s", getErrorMsg(result).c_str());
-        return toScopedAStatus(result);
-    }
-    std::vector<SubscribeOptions> onChangeSubscriptions;
-    std::vector<SubscribeOptions> continuousSubscriptions;
-    const auto& configsByPropId = getConfigsByPropId();
+void DefaultVehicleHal::parseSubscribeOptions(
+        const std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& options,
+        const std::unordered_map<int32_t, VehiclePropConfig>& configsByPropId,
+        std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& onChangeSubscriptions,
+        std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& continuousSubscriptions) {
     for (const auto& option : options) {
         int32_t propId = option.propId;
         // We have already validate config exists.
@@ -831,6 +893,34 @@
             onChangeSubscriptions.push_back(std::move(optionCopy));
         }
     }
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus DefaultVehicleHal::subscribe(const CallbackType& callback,
+                                           const std::vector<SubscribeOptions>& options,
+                                           [[maybe_unused]] int32_t maxSharedMemoryFileCount) {
+    // TODO(b/205189110): Use shared memory file count.
+    if (callback == nullptr) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
+    }
+    std::vector<SubscribeOptions> onChangeSubscriptions;
+    std::vector<SubscribeOptions> continuousSubscriptions;
+    ScopedAStatus returnStatus = ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    getConfigsByPropId([this, &returnStatus, &options, &onChangeSubscriptions,
+                        &continuousSubscriptions](const auto& configsByPropId) {
+        SharedScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+        if (auto result = checkSubscribeOptions(options, configsByPropId); !result.ok()) {
+            ALOGE("subscribe: invalid subscribe options: %s", getErrorMsg(result).c_str());
+            returnStatus = toScopedAStatus(result);
+            return;
+        }
+        parseSubscribeOptions(options, configsByPropId, onChangeSubscriptions,
+                              continuousSubscriptions);
+    });
+
+    if (!returnStatus.isOk()) {
+        return returnStatus;
+    }
 
     {
         // Lock to make sure onBinderDied would not be called concurrently.
@@ -891,13 +981,13 @@
         return StatusError(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG) << getErrorMsg(result);
     }
 
-    const VehiclePropConfig* config = result.value();
-    const VehicleAreaConfig* areaConfig = getAreaConfig(value, *config);
+    const VehiclePropConfig& config = result.value();
+    const VehicleAreaConfig* areaConfig = getAreaConfig(value, config);
 
     if (areaConfig == nullptr && !isGlobalProp(propId)) {
         return StatusError(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG) << "no config for area ID: " << value.areaId;
     }
-    if (!hasRequiredAccess(config->access, accessToTest) &&
+    if (!hasRequiredAccess(config.access, accessToTest) &&
         (areaConfig == nullptr || !hasRequiredAccess(areaConfig->access, accessToTest))) {
         return StatusError(StatusCode::ACCESS_DENIED)
                << StringPrintf("Property %" PRId32 " does not have the following access: %" PRId32,
@@ -966,7 +1056,6 @@
     }
     DumpResult result = mVehicleHardware->dump(options);
     if (result.refreshPropertyConfigs) {
-        std::scoped_lock lockGuard(mConfigInitLock);
         getAllPropConfigsFromHardwareLocked();
     }
     dprintf(fd, "%s", (result.buffer + "\n").c_str());
@@ -974,11 +1063,16 @@
         return STATUS_OK;
     }
     dprintf(fd, "Vehicle HAL State: \n");
-    const auto& configsByPropId = getConfigsByPropId();
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, VehiclePropConfig> configsByPropIdCopy;
+    getConfigsByPropId([this, &configsByPropIdCopy](const auto& configsByPropId) {
+        SharedScopedLockAssertion lockAssertion(mConfigLock);
+
+        configsByPropIdCopy = configsByPropId;
+    });
     {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         dprintf(fd, "Interface version: %" PRId32 "\n", getVhalInterfaceVersion());
-        dprintf(fd, "Containing %zu property configs\n", configsByPropId.size());
+        dprintf(fd, "Containing %zu property configs\n", configsByPropIdCopy.size());
         dprintf(fd, "Currently have %zu getValues clients\n", mGetValuesClients.size());
         dprintf(fd, "Currently have %zu setValues clients\n", mSetValuesClients.size());
         dprintf(fd, "Currently have %zu subscribe clients\n", countSubscribeClients());
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp
index 11a8fc7..4891bf5 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/DefaultVehicleHalTest.cpp
@@ -650,6 +650,8 @@
 
     auto hardware = std::make_unique<MockVehicleHardware>();
     hardware->setPropertyConfigs(testConfigs);
+    // Store the pointer for testing. We are sure it is valid.
+    MockVehicleHardware* hardwarePtr = hardware.get();
     auto vhal = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<DefaultVehicleHal>(std::move(hardware));
     std::shared_ptr<IVehicle> client = IVehicle::fromBinder(vhal->asBinder());
 
@@ -658,6 +660,7 @@
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "getPropConfigs failed: " << status.getMessage();
     ASSERT_EQ(output.payloads, testConfigs);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(hardwarePtr->getAllPropertyConfigsCalled());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DefaultVehicleHalTest, testGetPropConfigsInvalidArg) {
@@ -704,6 +707,34 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(maybeGetValueResults.has_value()) << "no results in callback";
     EXPECT_EQ(maybeGetValueResults.value().payloads, expectedResults) << "results mismatch";
     EXPECT_EQ(countClients(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(getHardware()->getAllPropertyConfigsCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultVehicleHalTest, testGetValuesSmall_AfterGetAllPropConfigs) {
+    GetValueRequests requests;
+    std::vector<GetValueResult> expectedResults;
+    std::vector<GetValueRequest> expectedHardwareRequests;
+
+    // If we already called getAllPropConfigs, the configs will be cached.
+    VehiclePropConfigs output;
+    getClient()->getAllPropConfigs(&output);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(getValuesTestCases(10, requests, expectedResults, expectedHardwareRequests).ok());
+
+    getHardware()->addGetValueResponses(expectedResults);
+
+    auto status = getClient()->getValues(getCallbackClient(), requests);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "getValues failed: " << status.getMessage();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getHardware()->nextGetValueRequests(), expectedHardwareRequests)
+            << "requests to hardware mismatch";
+
+    auto maybeGetValueResults = getCallback()->nextGetValueResults();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maybeGetValueResults.has_value()) << "no results in callback";
+    EXPECT_EQ(maybeGetValueResults.value().payloads, expectedResults) << "results mismatch";
+    EXPECT_EQ(countClients(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(getHardware()->getAllPropertyConfigsCalled());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DefaultVehicleHalTest, testGetValuesLarge) {
@@ -1016,6 +1047,34 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(maybeSetValueResults.has_value()) << "no results in callback";
     ASSERT_EQ(maybeSetValueResults.value().payloads, expectedResults) << "results mismatch";
     EXPECT_EQ(countClients(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(getHardware()->getAllPropertyConfigsCalled());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DefaultVehicleHalTest, testSetValuesSmall_AfterGetAllPropConfigs) {
+    SetValueRequests requests;
+    std::vector<SetValueResult> expectedResults;
+    std::vector<SetValueRequest> expectedHardwareRequests;
+
+    // If we already called getAllPropConfigs, the configs will be cached.
+    VehiclePropConfigs output;
+    getClient()->getAllPropConfigs(&output);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(setValuesTestCases(10, requests, expectedResults, expectedHardwareRequests).ok());
+
+    getHardware()->addSetValueResponses(expectedResults);
+
+    auto status = getClient()->setValues(getCallbackClient(), requests);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << "setValues failed: " << status.getMessage();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(getHardware()->nextSetValueRequests(), expectedHardwareRequests)
+            << "requests to hardware mismatch";
+
+    auto maybeSetValueResults = getCallback()->nextSetValueResults();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maybeSetValueResults.has_value()) << "no results in callback";
+    ASSERT_EQ(maybeSetValueResults.value().payloads, expectedResults) << "results mismatch";
+    EXPECT_EQ(countClients(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(getHardware()->getAllPropertyConfigsCalled());
 }
 
 TEST_F(DefaultVehicleHalTest, testSetValuesLarge) {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.cpp
index db15c89..e796ce5 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.cpp
@@ -45,9 +45,20 @@
 
 std::vector<VehiclePropConfig> MockVehicleHardware::getAllPropertyConfigs() const {
     std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
+    mGetAllPropertyConfigsCalled = true;
     return mPropertyConfigs;
 }
 
+std::optional<VehiclePropConfig> MockVehicleHardware::getPropertyConfig(int32_t propId) const {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
+    for (const auto& config : mPropertyConfigs) {
+        if (config.prop == propId) {
+            return config;
+        }
+    }
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
 StatusCode MockVehicleHardware::setValues(std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
                                           const std::vector<SetValueRequest>& requests) {
     std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
@@ -336,6 +347,11 @@
     (*mPropertySetErrorCallback)(errorEvents);
 }
 
+bool MockVehicleHardware::getAllPropertyConfigsCalled() {
+    std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
+    return mGetAllPropertyConfigsCalled;
+}
+
 }  // namespace vehicle
 }  // namespace automotive
 }  // namespace hardware
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.h
index eeca582..06e01a8 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/test/MockVehicleHardware.h
@@ -47,6 +47,8 @@
 
     std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig>
     getAllPropertyConfigs() const override;
+    std::optional<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig>
+    getPropertyConfig(int32_t propId) const override;
     aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode setValues(
             std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
             const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SetValueRequest>&
@@ -98,6 +100,9 @@
     std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SubscribeOptions>
     getSubscribeOptions();
     void clearSubscribeOptions();
+    // Whether getAllPropertyConfigs() has been called, which blocks all all property configs
+    // being ready.
+    bool getAllPropertyConfigsCalled();
 
   private:
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
@@ -143,6 +148,8 @@
 
     DumpResult mDumpResult;
 
+    mutable bool mGetAllPropertyConfigsCalled GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
+
     // RecurrentTimer is thread-safe.
     std::shared_ptr<RecurrentTimer> mRecurrentTimer;
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::shared_ptr<std::function<void()>>>>
diff --git a/camera/common/aidl/Android.bp b/camera/common/aidl/Android.bp
index 8f7d19d..b59c92e 100644
--- a/camera/common/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/common/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.camera.common",
+    host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
     srcs: ["android/hardware/camera/common/*.aidl"],
     frozen: true,
diff --git a/camera/device/aidl/Android.bp b/camera/device/aidl/Android.bp
index 78aefac..f3a3681 100644
--- a/camera/device/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/device/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.camera.device",
+    host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
     srcs: ["android/hardware/camera/device/*.aidl"],
     frozen: true,
diff --git a/camera/device/aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceSession.aidl b/camera/device/aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceSession.aidl
index 62a19cf..63ae320 100644
--- a/camera/device/aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceSession.aidl
+++ b/camera/device/aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDeviceSession.aidl
@@ -575,6 +575,11 @@
      * This can be called at any point after 'processCaptureRequest' in response
      * to camera clients disabling an active repeating request.
      *
+     * Note: The frame number parameter is the latest possible frame number at which the
+     * ongoing repeating request will end. It is possible that the repeating request may end
+     * before the specified frame number due to reasons such as the camera client abandoning
+     * buffers, which is timing dependent.
+     *
      * Performance requirements:
      * The call must not be blocked for extensive periods and should be extremely lightweight. There
      * must be no frame rate degradation or frame jitter introduced.
diff --git a/camera/metadata/aidl/Android.bp b/camera/metadata/aidl/Android.bp
index ae8ba14..a9c1a1a 100644
--- a/camera/metadata/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/metadata/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.camera.metadata",
+    host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
     srcs: ["android/hardware/camera/metadata/*.aidl"],
     frozen: true,
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp b/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp
index 38a8936..c055caa 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.camera.provider",
+    host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
     srcs: [
         "android/hardware/camera/provider/*.aidl",
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.202504.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.202504.xml
index 5f9d41f..8ec3649 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.202504.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.202504.xml
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
-        <version>1-2</version>
+        <version>1-3</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IVibrator</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
-        <version>1-2</version>
+        <version>1-3</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IVibratorManager</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
index 8a22d6e..aaafe7f 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnss.aidl
@@ -217,10 +217,6 @@
      * Starts a location output stream using the IGnssCallback gnssLocationCb(), following the
      * settings from the most recent call to setPositionMode().
      *
-     * When a location output stream is in progress, calling setPositionMode() does not change the
-     * settings of the current location output stream. stop() and start() must be called to make the
-     * new settings effective.
-     *
      * This output must operate independently of any GNSS location batching operations,
      * see the IGnssBatching for details.
      */
@@ -310,10 +306,6 @@
     /**
      * Sets the GnssPositionMode parameter, its associated recurrence value, the time between fixes,
      * requested fix accuracy, time to first fix.
-     *
-     * If a location output stream is in progress, calling this method does not affect the settings
-     * of current location output stream. stop() and start() must be called to make the new settings
-     * effective.
      */
     void setPositionMode(in PositionModeOptions options);
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
index 7157862..3b0a597 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libui",
         "server_configurable_flags",
+        "libtracing_perfetto",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index bda4198..431b1b6 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
         "libui",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
         "server_configurable_flags",
+        "libtracing_perfetto",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.1",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 3464fe9..a2ab3d6 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
         "libprocessgroup",
         "libvndksupport",
         "server_configurable_flags",
+        "libtracing_perfetto",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
index bae362f..f398c53 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -719,6 +719,38 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test IMapper::lock and IMapper::unlock with no CPU usage requested.
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, LockUnlockNoCPUUsage) {
+    const auto& info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
+
+    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
+    uint32_t stride;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(info, true, Tolerance::kToleranceStrict, &stride));
+
+    // lock buffer with 0 usage
+    const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
+                               static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
+
+    hidl_handle acquireFenceHandle;
+
+    auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle);
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->lock(buffer, 0, region, acquireFenceHandle,
+                                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& /*tmpData*/) {
+                                    EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_VALUE, tmpError)
+                                            << "Locking with 0 access succeeded";
+                                });
+
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
+                << "Unlocking not locked buffer succeeded";
+    });
+
+    mGralloc->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
+}
+
+/**
  *  Test multiple operations associated with different color formats
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, Lock_YCRCB_420_SP) {
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp
index 1e0c427..bdbe4d0 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -750,6 +750,42 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test IMapper::lock and IMapper::unlock with no CPU usage requested.
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, LockUnlockNoCPUUsage) {
+    constexpr auto usage = BufferUsage::CPU_READ_NEVER | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_NEVER;
+    auto buffer = allocate({
+            .name = {"VTS_TEMP"},
+            .width = 64,
+            .height = 64,
+            .layerCount = 1,
+            .format = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
+            .usage = usage,
+            .reservedSize = 0,
+    });
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer.get());
+
+    // lock buffer for writing
+    const auto& info = buffer->info();
+    const ARect region{0, 0, info.width, info.height};
+    auto handle = buffer->import();
+    uint8_t* data = nullptr;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_BAD_VALUE,
+              mapper()->v5.lock(*handle, static_cast<int64_t>(info.usage),
+                                region, -1,(void**)&data))
+              << "Locking with 0 access succeeded";
+
+    int releaseFence = -1;
+    EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_BAD_BUFFER,
+              mapper()->v5.unlock(*handle, &releaseFence))
+              << "Unlocking not locked buffer succeeded";
+    if (releaseFence != -1) {
+        close(releaseFence);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
  *  Test multiple operations associated with different color formats
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, Lock_YCRCB_420_SP) {
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp b/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 82ce026..f97405e 100644
--- a/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsNfcBehaviorChangesTest",
     defaults: [
+        "aconfig_lib_cc_shared_link.defaults",
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
         "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
     ],
@@ -65,6 +66,7 @@
         "system/nfc/utils/include",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
         "libbinder",
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libnativehelper",
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index e83a7c1..9521068 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalRadioTargetTest",
     defaults: [
+        "aconfig_lib_cc_shared_link.defaults",
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
         "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
     ],
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
index 06654c2..e9b68cc 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
@@ -118,7 +118,14 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT, slotStatus.cardState);
         if (CardStatus::STATE_PRESENT == slotStatus.cardState) {
             ASSERT_TRUE(slotStatus.portInfo[0].portActive);
-            EXPECT_EQ(0, cardStatus.slotMap.portId);
+            if (cardStatus.supportedMepMode == aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::
+                                                       MultipleEnabledProfilesMode::MEP_A1 ||
+                cardStatus.supportedMepMode == aidl::android::hardware::radio::config::
+                                                       MultipleEnabledProfilesMode::MEP_A2) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(1, cardStatus.slotMap.portId);
+            } else {
+                EXPECT_EQ(0, cardStatus.slotMap.portId);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/sensors/aidl/android/hardware/sensors/SensorType.aidl b/sensors/aidl/android/hardware/sensors/SensorType.aidl
index 9098894..4904c3f 100644
--- a/sensors/aidl/android/hardware/sensors/SensorType.aidl
+++ b/sensors/aidl/android/hardware/sensors/SensorType.aidl
@@ -718,8 +718,8 @@
     HEADING = 42,
 
     /**
-     * Base for device manufacturers private sensor types.
-     * These sensor types can't be exposed in the SDK.
+     * Base of the range reserved for device manufacturers' private sensor
+     * types. These sensor types aren't documented in the SDK.
      */
     DEVICE_PRIVATE_BASE = 0x10000,
 }
diff --git a/sensors/aidl/default/include/sensors-impl/Sensors.h b/sensors/aidl/default/include/sensors-impl/Sensors.h
index 2adbc9d..c90db69 100644
--- a/sensors/aidl/default/include/sensors-impl/Sensors.h
+++ b/sensors/aidl/default/include/sensors-impl/Sensors.h
@@ -97,9 +97,13 @@
             return;
         }
         if (mEventQueue->write(&events.front(), events.size())) {
+            if (mEventQueueFlag == nullptr) {
+                // Don't take the wake lock if we can't wake the receiver to avoid holding it
+                // indefinitely.
+                return;
+            }
             mEventQueueFlag->wake(
                     static_cast<uint32_t>(BnSensors::EVENT_QUEUE_FLAG_BITS_READ_AND_PROCESS));
-
             if (wakeup) {
                 // Keep track of the number of outstanding WAKE_UP events in order to properly hold
                 // a wake lock until the framework has secured a wake lock
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
index 0306dca..3ef8749 100644
--- a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,15 @@
         java: {
             enabled: false,
         },
+        ndk: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        rust: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
     },
     frozen: true,
     versions_with_info: [
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/Android.bp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/Android.bp
index 284ac74..00510b7 100644
--- a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/Android.bp
@@ -16,16 +16,10 @@
     srcs: [
         // system code has the option to use the unstable C++ libbinder API
         // or the NDK one. For maximum code portability, using the ndk client
-        // makes the most sense, but both are provided here as an example.
-        "test-cpp-client.cpp",
+        // makes the most sense.
         "test-ndk-client.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder",
-        "libutils",
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-cpp",
-        "android.hardware.tests.extension.vibrator-V1-cpp",
-
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.tests.extension.vibrator-V1-ndk",
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-cpp-client.cpp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-cpp-client.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 015a345..0000000
--- a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-cpp-client.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android/hardware/tests/extension/vibrator/ICustomVibrator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-using android::checked_interface_cast;
-using android::IBinder;
-using android::IInterface;
-using android::OK;
-using android::sp;
-using android::waitForVintfService;
-using android::hardware::tests::extension::vibrator::Directionality;
-using android::hardware::tests::extension::vibrator::ICustomVibrator;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
-
-TEST(Cpp, CallRootMethod) {
-    sp<IVibrator> vib = waitForVintfService<IVibrator>();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, vib.get());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vib->off().isOk());
-}
-
-TEST(Cpp, CallExtMethod) {
-    // normally you would want to cache this
-    sp<IVibrator> vib = waitForVintfService<IVibrator>();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, vib.get());
-
-    // getting the extension
-    sp<IBinder> ext;
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, IInterface::asBinder(vib)->getExtension(&ext));
-    sp<ICustomVibrator> cvib = checked_interface_cast<ICustomVibrator>(ext);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, cvib.get());
-
-    // calling extension method
-    ASSERT_TRUE(cvib->setDirectionality(Directionality::TRANSVERSE).isOk());
-}
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-ndk-client.cpp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-ndk-client.cpp
index c846495..4dd86e8 100644
--- a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-ndk-client.cpp
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/client/test-ndk-client.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 static const std::string kInstance = std::string() + IVibrator::descriptor + "/default";
 
 TEST(Ndk, CallRootMethod) {
-    SpAIBinder vibBinder = SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_getService(kInstance.c_str()));
+    SpAIBinder vibBinder = SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(kInstance.c_str()));
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, vibBinder.get());
     std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vib = IVibrator::fromBinder(vibBinder);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, vib.get());
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 TEST(Ndk, CallExtMethod) {
     // normally you would want to cache this
     //
-    SpAIBinder vibBinder = SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_getService(kInstance.c_str()));
+    SpAIBinder vibBinder = SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(kInstance.c_str()));
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, vibBinder.get());
     std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vib = IVibrator::fromBinder(vibBinder);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, vib.get());
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 5e156af..479b4fd 100644
--- a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -10,11 +10,6 @@
 cc_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.tests.extension.vibrator-service.example",
     relative_install_path: "hw",
-    // normally you implement a service directly, but we are using an implementation
-    // from a library to attach our extension to.
-    static_libs: [
-        "libvibratorexampleimpl",
-    ],
 
     // need to add this in the manifest and to init as well to use, see
     // android.hardware.vibrator-service.example. This binary is being tested
@@ -23,6 +18,7 @@
     vendor: true,
     srcs: [
         "service.cpp",
+        "Vibrator.cpp",
         "CustomVibrator.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5084096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "Vibrator.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::vibrator {
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getCapabilities(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    // basic example with only amplitude control capability
+    *_aidl_return = IVibrator::CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::off() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Vibrator off";
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::on(int32_t timeoutMs, const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>&) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Vibrator on for timeoutMs: " << timeoutMs;
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::setAmplitude(float amplitude) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Vibrator set amplitude: " << amplitude;
+    if (amplitude <= 0.0f || amplitude > 1.0f) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::perform(Effect, EffectStrength,
+                                     const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>&, int32_t*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getSupportedEffects(std::vector<Effect>* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = {};
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::setExternalControl(bool) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getCompositionDelayMax(int32_t*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getCompositionSizeMax(int32_t*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getSupportedPrimitives(std::vector<CompositePrimitive>*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getPrimitiveDuration(CompositePrimitive, int32_t*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::compose(const std::vector<CompositeEffect>&,
+                                     const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>&) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects(std::vector<Effect>*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::alwaysOnEnable(int32_t, Effect, EffectStrength) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::alwaysOnDisable(int32_t) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getResonantFrequency(float*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getQFactor(float*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getFrequencyResolution(float*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getFrequencyMinimum(float*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getBandwidthAmplitudeMap(std::vector<float>*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax(int32_t*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getPwleCompositionSizeMax(int32_t*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getSupportedBraking(std::vector<Braking>*) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::composePwle(const std::vector<PrimitivePwle>&,
+                                         const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>&) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION));
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::vibrator
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.h b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80916ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibrator.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::vibrator {
+
+class Vibrator : public BnVibrator {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCapabilities(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus off() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus on(int32_t timeoutMs,
+                          const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus perform(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength,
+                               const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback,
+                               int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedEffects(std::vector<Effect>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setAmplitude(float amplitude) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setExternalControl(bool enabled) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCompositionDelayMax(int32_t* maxDelayMs);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCompositionSizeMax(int32_t* maxSize);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedPrimitives(std::vector<CompositePrimitive>* supported) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getPrimitiveDuration(CompositePrimitive primitive,
+                                            int32_t* durationMs) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus compose(const std::vector<CompositeEffect>& composite,
+                               const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects(std::vector<Effect>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus alwaysOnEnable(int32_t id, Effect effect, EffectStrength strength) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus alwaysOnDisable(int32_t id) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getResonantFrequency(float* resonantFreqHz) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getQFactor(float* qFactor) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getFrequencyResolution(float* freqResolutionHz) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getFrequencyMinimum(float* freqMinimumHz) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBandwidthAmplitudeMap(std::vector<float>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax(int32_t* durationMs) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getPwleCompositionSizeMax(int32_t* maxSize) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedBraking(std::vector<Braking>* supported) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus composePwle(const std::vector<PrimitivePwle>& composite,
+                                   const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::vibrator
diff --git a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/service.cpp b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/service.cpp
index 16290df..5917d0f 100644
--- a/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/service.cpp
+++ b/tests/extension/vibrator/aidl/default/service.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <vibrator-impl/Vibrator.h>
 #include "CustomVibrator.h"
+#include "Vibrator.h"
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp b/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
index b5199e2..b2d98f5 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -15,14 +15,33 @@
     srcs: [
         "android/hardware/vibrator/*.aidl",
     ],
+    headers: [
+        "PersistableBundle_aidl",
+    ],
     stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
         java: {
             sdk_version: "system_current",
         },
+        ndk: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        rust: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
     },
-    versions: [
-        "1",
-        "2",
+    versions_with_info: [
+        {
+            version: "1",
+            imports: [],
+        },
+        {
+            version: "2",
+            imports: [],
+        },
     ],
+    frozen: false,
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
index b7afb66..af619c6 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
@@ -58,15 +58,17 @@
   int getPwleCompositionSizeMax();
   android.hardware.vibrator.Braking[] getSupportedBraking();
   void composePwle(in android.hardware.vibrator.PrimitivePwle[] composite, in android.hardware.vibrator.IVibratorCallback callback);
-  const int CAP_ON_CALLBACK = 1;
-  const int CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK = 2;
-  const int CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL = 4;
-  const int CAP_EXTERNAL_CONTROL = 8;
-  const int CAP_EXTERNAL_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL = 16;
-  const int CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS = 32;
-  const int CAP_ALWAYS_ON_CONTROL = 64;
-  const int CAP_GET_RESONANT_FREQUENCY = 128;
-  const int CAP_GET_Q_FACTOR = 256;
-  const int CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL = 512;
-  const int CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS = 1024;
+  void performVendorEffect(in android.hardware.vibrator.VendorEffect vendorEffect, in android.hardware.vibrator.IVibratorCallback callback);
+  const int CAP_ON_CALLBACK = (1 << 0) /* 1 */;
+  const int CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK = (1 << 1) /* 2 */;
+  const int CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL = (1 << 2) /* 4 */;
+  const int CAP_EXTERNAL_CONTROL = (1 << 3) /* 8 */;
+  const int CAP_EXTERNAL_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL = (1 << 4) /* 16 */;
+  const int CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS = (1 << 5) /* 32 */;
+  const int CAP_ALWAYS_ON_CONTROL = (1 << 6) /* 64 */;
+  const int CAP_GET_RESONANT_FREQUENCY = (1 << 7) /* 128 */;
+  const int CAP_GET_Q_FACTOR = (1 << 8) /* 256 */;
+  const int CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL = (1 << 9) /* 512 */;
+  const int CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS = (1 << 10) /* 1024 */;
+  const int CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS = (1 << 11) /* 2048 */;
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.aidl
index 290c68d..ef5794c 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.aidl
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@
   void prepareSynced(in int[] vibratorIds);
   void triggerSynced(in android.hardware.vibrator.IVibratorCallback callback);
   void cancelSynced();
-  const int CAP_SYNC = 1;
-  const int CAP_PREPARE_ON = 2;
-  const int CAP_PREPARE_PERFORM = 4;
-  const int CAP_PREPARE_COMPOSE = 8;
-  const int CAP_MIXED_TRIGGER_ON = 16;
-  const int CAP_MIXED_TRIGGER_PERFORM = 32;
-  const int CAP_MIXED_TRIGGER_COMPOSE = 64;
-  const int CAP_TRIGGER_CALLBACK = 128;
+  const int CAP_SYNC = (1 << 0) /* 1 */;
+  const int CAP_PREPARE_ON = (1 << 1) /* 2 */;
+  const int CAP_PREPARE_PERFORM = (1 << 2) /* 4 */;
+  const int CAP_PREPARE_COMPOSE = (1 << 3) /* 8 */;
+  const int CAP_MIXED_TRIGGER_ON = (1 << 4) /* 16 */;
+  const int CAP_MIXED_TRIGGER_PERFORM = (1 << 5) /* 32 */;
+  const int CAP_MIXED_TRIGGER_COMPOSE = (1 << 6) /* 64 */;
+  const int CAP_TRIGGER_CALLBACK = (1 << 7) /* 128 */;
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/VendorEffect.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/VendorEffect.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1900084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.vibrator/current/android/hardware/vibrator/VendorEffect.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.vibrator;
+@VintfStability
+parcelable VendorEffect {
+  android.os.PersistableBundle vendorData;
+  android.hardware.vibrator.EffectStrength strength = android.hardware.vibrator.EffectStrength.MEDIUM;
+  float scale;
+}
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Braking.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Braking.aidl
index 2bc51db..f934ff2 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Braking.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Braking.aidl
@@ -23,12 +23,12 @@
      * No braking mechanism used.
      * This is the default if the hardware does not support any braking mechanism.
      */
-    NONE,
+    NONE = 0,
     /**
      * Closed-loop active braking.
      *
      * This effect should produce a sharp, crisp end to the waveform
      * Support is optional.
      */
-    CLAB,
+    CLAB = 1,
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/CompositePrimitive.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/CompositePrimitive.aidl
index 5314898..5f8ee8d 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/CompositePrimitive.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/CompositePrimitive.aidl
@@ -24,13 +24,13 @@
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    NOOP,
+    NOOP = 0,
     /**
      * This effect should produce a sharp, crisp click sensation.
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    CLICK,
+    CLICK = 1,
     /**
      * A haptic effect that simulates downwards movement with gravity. Often
      * followed by extra energy of hitting and reverberation to augment
@@ -38,43 +38,43 @@
      *
      * Support is optional.
      */
-    THUD,
+    THUD = 2,
     /**
      * A haptic effect that simulates spinning momentum.
      *
      * Support is optional.
      */
-    SPIN,
+    SPIN = 3,
     /**
      * A haptic effect that simulates quick upward movement against gravity.
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    QUICK_RISE,
+    QUICK_RISE = 4,
     /**
      * A haptic effect that simulates slow upward movement against gravity.
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    SLOW_RISE,
+    SLOW_RISE = 5,
     /**
      * A haptic effect that simulates quick downwards movement with gravity.
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    QUICK_FALL,
+    QUICK_FALL = 6,
     /**
      * This very short effect should produce a light crisp sensation intended
      * to be used repetitively for dynamic feedback.
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    LIGHT_TICK,
+    LIGHT_TICK = 7,
     /**
      * This very short low frequency effect should produce a light crisp sensation intended
      * to be used repetitively for dynamic feedback.
      *
      * Support is required.
      */
-    LOW_TICK,
+    LOW_TICK = 8,
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Effect.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Effect.aidl
index c60bfe9..f5cf9e3 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Effect.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/Effect.aidl
@@ -24,57 +24,57 @@
      *
      * This effect should produce a sharp, crisp click sensation.
      */
-    CLICK,
+    CLICK = 0,
     /**
      * A double click effect.
      *
      * This effect should produce two sequential sharp, crisp click sensations with a minimal
      * amount of time between them.
      */
-    DOUBLE_CLICK,
+    DOUBLE_CLICK = 1,
     /**
      * A tick effect.
      *
      * This effect should produce a soft, short sensation, like the tick of a clock.
      */
-    TICK,
+    TICK = 2,
     /**
      * A thud effect.
      *
      * This effect should solid feeling bump, like the depression of a heavy mechanical button.
      */
-    THUD,
+    THUD = 3,
     /**
      * A pop effect.
      *
      * A short, quick burst effect.
      */
-    POP,
+    POP = 4,
     /**
      * A heavy click effect.
      *
      * This should produce a sharp striking sensation, like a click but stronger.
      */
-    HEAVY_CLICK,
+    HEAVY_CLICK = 5,
     /**
      * Ringtone patterns. They may correspond with the device's ringtone audio, or may just be a
      * pattern that can be played as a ringtone with any audio, depending on the device.
      */
-    RINGTONE_1,
-    RINGTONE_2,
-    RINGTONE_3,
-    RINGTONE_4,
-    RINGTONE_5,
-    RINGTONE_6,
-    RINGTONE_7,
-    RINGTONE_8,
-    RINGTONE_9,
-    RINGTONE_10,
-    RINGTONE_11,
-    RINGTONE_12,
-    RINGTONE_13,
-    RINGTONE_14,
-    RINGTONE_15,
+    RINGTONE_1 = 6,
+    RINGTONE_2 = 7,
+    RINGTONE_3 = 8,
+    RINGTONE_4 = 9,
+    RINGTONE_5 = 10,
+    RINGTONE_6 = 11,
+    RINGTONE_7 = 12,
+    RINGTONE_8 = 13,
+    RINGTONE_9 = 14,
+    RINGTONE_10 = 15,
+    RINGTONE_11 = 16,
+    RINGTONE_12 = 17,
+    RINGTONE_13 = 18,
+    RINGTONE_14 = 19,
+    RINGTONE_15 = 20,
     /**
      * A soft tick effect meant to be played as a texture.
      *
@@ -82,5 +82,5 @@
      * are expected to be played multiple times in quick succession, replicating a specific
      * texture to the user as a form of haptic feedback.
      */
-    TEXTURE_TICK,
+    TEXTURE_TICK = 21,
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/EffectStrength.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/EffectStrength.aidl
index 66f70e5..c6a78d4 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/EffectStrength.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/EffectStrength.aidl
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 @Backing(type="byte")
 enum EffectStrength {
-    LIGHT,
-    MEDIUM,
-    STRONG,
+    LIGHT = 0,
+    MEDIUM = 1,
+    STRONG = 2,
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
index b4e7e44..768ec4f 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.aidl
@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@
 
 package android.hardware.vibrator;
 
-import android.hardware.vibrator.IVibratorCallback;
 import android.hardware.vibrator.Braking;
-import android.hardware.vibrator.Effect;
-import android.hardware.vibrator.EffectStrength;
 import android.hardware.vibrator.CompositeEffect;
 import android.hardware.vibrator.CompositePrimitive;
+import android.hardware.vibrator.Effect;
+import android.hardware.vibrator.EffectStrength;
+import android.hardware.vibrator.IVibratorCallback;
 import android.hardware.vibrator.PrimitivePwle;
+import android.hardware.vibrator.VendorEffect;
 
 @VintfStability
 interface IVibrator {
@@ -70,6 +71,10 @@
      * Whether composePwle is supported.
      */
     const int CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS = 1 << 10;
+    /**
+     * Whether perform w/ vendor effect is supported.
+     */
+    const int CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS = 1 << 11;
 
     /**
      * Determine capabilities of the vibrator HAL (CAP_* mask)
@@ -359,4 +364,25 @@
      * @param composite Array of PWLEs.
      */
     void composePwle(in PrimitivePwle[] composite, in IVibratorCallback callback);
+
+    /**
+     * Fire off a vendor-defined haptic event.
+     *
+     * This may not be supported and this support is reflected in
+     * getCapabilities (CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS).
+     *
+     * The duration of the effect is unknown and can be undefined for looping effects.
+     * IVibratorCallback.onComplete() support is required for this API.
+     *
+     * Doing this operation while the vibrator is already on is undefined behavior. Clients should
+     * explicitly call off.
+     *
+     * @param effect The vendor data representing the effect to be performed.
+     * @param callback A callback used to inform Frameworks of state change.
+     * @throws :
+     *         - EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if unsupported, as reflected by getCapabilities.
+     *         - EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT for bad framework parameters, e.g. scale or effect strength.
+     *         - EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC for bad vendor data, vibration is not triggered.
+     */
+    void performVendorEffect(in VendorEffect vendorEffect, in IVibratorCallback callback);
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/VendorEffect.aidl b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/VendorEffect.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2155aca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/VendorEffect.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.vibrator;
+
+import android.hardware.vibrator.EffectStrength;
+import android.os.PersistableBundle;
+
+@VintfStability
+parcelable VendorEffect {
+    /**
+     * Vendor data describing the haptic effect. Expected fields should be defined by the vendor.
+     *
+     * Vendors can use this as a platform extension point for experimental hardware capabilities,
+     * but they are strongly discouraged from using it as an alternative to the AOSP support for
+     * stable vibrator APIs. Implemenitng vendor-specific custom effects outside the platform APIs
+     * will hinder portability for the code and overall user experience.
+     *
+     * Vendors are encouraged to upstream new capabilities to the IVibrator surface once it has
+     * matured into a stable interface.
+     */
+    PersistableBundle vendorData;
+
+    /**
+     * The intensity of the haptic effect.
+     */
+    EffectStrength strength = EffectStrength.MEDIUM;
+
+    /**
+     * A scale to be applied to the haptic effect intensity.
+     *
+     * This value represents a linear scale that should be applied on top of the effect strength to
+     * dynamically adapt to the device state.
+     *
+     * Values in [0,1) should scale down. Values > 1 should scale up within hardware bounds.
+     */
+    float scale;
+}
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp b/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 0f342db..4b26640 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-V3-ndk",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     srcs: [
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-V3-ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libvibratorexampleimpl",
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     host_supported: true,
     defaults: ["service_fuzzer_defaults"],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-V3-ndk",
         "liblog",
         "libvibratorexampleimpl",
     ],
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp b/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp
index 01602ab..acf7d34 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/default/Vibrator.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
 static constexpr float PWLE_BW_MAP_SIZE =
         1 + ((PWLE_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ - PWLE_FREQUENCY_MIN_HZ) / PWLE_FREQUENCY_RESOLUTION_HZ);
 
+// Service specific error code used for vendor vibration effects.
+static constexpr int32_t ERROR_CODE_INVALID_DURATION = 1;
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getCapabilities(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "Vibrator reporting capabilities";
     *_aidl_return = IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK | IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK |
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@
                     IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL | IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS |
                     IVibrator::CAP_ALWAYS_ON_CONTROL | IVibrator::CAP_GET_RESONANT_FREQUENCY |
                     IVibrator::CAP_GET_Q_FACTOR | IVibrator::CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL |
-                    IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS;
+                    IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS | IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS;
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -102,6 +105,36 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::performVendorEffect(
+        const VendorEffect& effect, const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback) {
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Vibrator perform vendor effect";
+    EffectStrength strength = effect.strength;
+    if (strength != EffectStrength::LIGHT && strength != EffectStrength::MEDIUM &&
+        strength != EffectStrength::STRONG) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus(AStatus_fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT));
+    }
+    float scale = effect.scale;
+    if (scale <= 0) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    int32_t durationMs = 0;
+    if (!effect.vendorData.getInt("DURATION_MS", &durationMs) || durationMs <= 0) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(ERROR_CODE_INVALID_DURATION);
+    }
+
+    if (callback != nullptr) {
+        std::thread([callback, durationMs] {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Starting perform on another thread for durationMs:" << durationMs;
+            usleep(durationMs * 1000);
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Notifying perform vendor effect complete";
+            callback->onComplete();
+        }).detach();
+    }
+
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Vibrator::getSupportedEffects(std::vector<Effect>* _aidl_return) {
     *_aidl_return = {Effect::CLICK, Effect::TICK};
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/default/android.hardware.vibrator.xml b/vibrator/aidl/default/android.hardware.vibrator.xml
index b5bd3dd..b730046 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/default/android.hardware.vibrator.xml
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/default/android.hardware.vibrator.xml
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 <manifest version="1.0" type="device">
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
-        <version>2</version>
+        <version>3</version>
         <fqname>IVibrator/default</fqname>
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
-        <version>2</version>
+        <version>3</version>
         <fqname>IVibratorManager/default</fqname>
     </hal>
 </manifest>
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/default/include/vibrator-impl/Vibrator.h b/vibrator/aidl/default/include/vibrator-impl/Vibrator.h
index 4203bf2..e8f64ca 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/default/include/vibrator-impl/Vibrator.h
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/default/include/vibrator-impl/Vibrator.h
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@
     ndk::ScopedAStatus perform(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength,
                                const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback,
                                int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus performVendorEffect(
+            const VendorEffect& effect,
+            const std::shared_ptr<IVibratorCallback>& callback) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedEffects(std::vector<Effect>* _aidl_return) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setAmplitude(float amplitude) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setExternalControl(bool enabled) override;
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/vibrator/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index b6d2fb2..a48bb2e 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-V3-ndk",
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
     ],
     srcs: ["VtsHalVibratorManagerTargetTest.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-V3-ndk",
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorManagerTargetTest.cpp b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorManagerTargetTest.cpp
index e8ed26a..3c2a360 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorManagerTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorManagerTargetTest.cpp
@@ -15,42 +15,40 @@
  */
 #include <aidl/Gtest.h>
 #include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.h>
 
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
 
 #include <cmath>
 #include <future>
 
-using android::ProcessState;
-using android::sp;
-using android::String16;
-using android::binder::Status;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::BnVibratorCallback;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibratorManager;
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::BnVibratorCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::IVibratorManager;
 using std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
 
-const std::vector<Effect> kEffects{android::enum_range<Effect>().begin(),
-                                   android::enum_range<Effect>().end()};
-const std::vector<EffectStrength> kEffectStrengths{android::enum_range<EffectStrength>().begin(),
-                                                   android::enum_range<EffectStrength>().end()};
-const std::vector<CompositePrimitive> kPrimitives{android::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().begin(),
-                                                  android::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().end()};
+const std::vector<Effect> kEffects{ndk::enum_range<Effect>().begin(),
+                                   ndk::enum_range<Effect>().end()};
+const std::vector<EffectStrength> kEffectStrengths{ndk::enum_range<EffectStrength>().begin(),
+                                                   ndk::enum_range<EffectStrength>().end()};
+const std::vector<CompositePrimitive> kPrimitives{ndk::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().begin(),
+                                                  ndk::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().end()};
 
 class CompletionCallback : public BnVibratorCallback {
   public:
     CompletionCallback(const std::function<void()>& callback) : mCallback(callback) {}
-    Status onComplete() override {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onComplete() override {
         mCallback();
-        return Status::ok();
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 
   private:
@@ -60,55 +58,50 @@
 class VibratorAidl : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        manager = android::waitForDeclaredService<IVibratorManager>(String16(GetParam().c_str()));
+        auto serviceName = GetParam().c_str();
+        manager = IVibratorManager::fromBinder(
+                ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(serviceName)));
         ASSERT_NE(manager, nullptr);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(manager->getCapabilities(&capabilities).isOk());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->getVibratorIds(&vibratorIds).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->getCapabilities(&capabilities));
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->getVibratorIds(&vibratorIds));
     }
 
-    sp<IVibratorManager> manager;
+    std::shared_ptr<IVibratorManager> manager;
     int32_t capabilities;
     std::vector<int32_t> vibratorIds;
 };
 
-inline bool isUnknownOrUnsupported(Status status) {
-    return status.exceptionCode() == Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
-           status.transactionError() == android::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
-}
-
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ValidateExistingVibrators) {
-    sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
-    for (auto& id : vibratorIds) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator).isOk());
+    std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
+    for (int32_t id : vibratorIds) {
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator));
         ASSERT_NE(vibrator, nullptr);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetVibratorWithInvalidId) {
     int32_t invalidId = *max_element(vibratorIds.begin(), vibratorIds.end()) + 1;
-    sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-              manager->getVibrator(invalidId, &vibrator).exceptionCode());
+    std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(manager->getVibrator(invalidId, &vibrator));
     ASSERT_EQ(vibrator, nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ValidatePrepareSyncedExistingVibrators) {
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) return;
     if (vibratorIds.empty()) return;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds).isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(manager->cancelSynced().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
+    EXPECT_OK(manager->cancelSynced());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PrepareSyncedEmptySetIsInvalid) {
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) return;
     std::vector<int32_t> emptyIds;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, manager->prepareSynced(emptyIds).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(manager->prepareSynced(emptyIds));
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PrepareSyncedNotSupported) {
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) {
-        Status status = manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
     }
 }
 
@@ -117,15 +110,14 @@
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) return;
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_PREPARE_ON)) {
         uint32_t durationMs = 250;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds).isOk());
-        sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
-        for (auto& id : vibratorIds) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
+        std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
+        for (int32_t id : vibratorIds) {
+            EXPECT_OK(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator));
             ASSERT_NE(vibrator, nullptr);
-            Status status = vibrator->on(durationMs, nullptr);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->on(durationMs, nullptr));
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->cancelSynced().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->cancelSynced());
     }
 }
 
@@ -133,16 +125,16 @@
     if (vibratorIds.empty()) return;
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) return;
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_PREPARE_ON)) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds).isOk());
-        sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
-        for (auto& id : vibratorIds) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
+        std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
+        for (int32_t id : vibratorIds) {
+            EXPECT_OK(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator));
             ASSERT_NE(vibrator, nullptr);
             int32_t lengthMs = 0;
-            Status status = vibrator->perform(kEffects[0], kEffectStrengths[0], nullptr, &lengthMs);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(
+                    vibrator->perform(kEffects[0], kEffectStrengths[0], nullptr, &lengthMs));
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->cancelSynced().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->cancelSynced());
     }
 }
 
@@ -157,15 +149,14 @@
         effect.scale = 1.0f;
         composite.emplace_back(effect);
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds).isOk());
-        sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
-        for (auto& id : vibratorIds) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
+        std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
+        for (int32_t id : vibratorIds) {
+            EXPECT_OK(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator));
             ASSERT_NE(vibrator, nullptr);
-            Status status = vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->cancelSynced().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->cancelSynced());
     }
 }
 
@@ -177,51 +168,58 @@
 
     std::promise<void> completionPromise;
     std::future<void> completionFuture{completionPromise.get_future()};
-    sp<CompletionCallback> callback =
-            new CompletionCallback([&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
+    auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>(
+            [&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
     uint32_t durationMs = 250;
     std::chrono::milliseconds timeout{durationMs * 2};
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds).isOk());
-    sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
-    for (auto& id : vibratorIds) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
+    std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
+    for (int32_t id : vibratorIds) {
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->getVibrator(id, &vibrator));
         ASSERT_NE(vibrator, nullptr);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->on(durationMs, nullptr).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->on(durationMs, nullptr));
     }
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(manager->triggerSynced(callback).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(manager->triggerSynced(callback));
     EXPECT_EQ(completionFuture.wait_for(timeout), std::future_status::ready);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(manager->cancelSynced().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(manager->cancelSynced());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, TriggerSyncNotSupported) {
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) {
-        Status status = manager->triggerSynced(nullptr);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(manager->triggerSynced(nullptr));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, TriggerCallbackNotSupported) {
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_SYNC)) return;
     if (!(capabilities & IVibratorManager::CAP_TRIGGER_CALLBACK)) {
-        sp<CompletionCallback> callback = new CompletionCallback([] {});
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds).isOk());
-        Status status = manager->triggerSynced(callback);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
-        EXPECT_TRUE(manager->cancelSynced().isOk());
+        auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>([] {});
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->prepareSynced(vibratorIds));
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(manager->triggerSynced(callback));
+        EXPECT_OK(manager->cancelSynced());
     }
 }
 
+std::vector<std::string> FindVibratorManagerNames() {
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    constexpr auto callback = [](const char* instance, void* context) {
+        std::string fullName = std::string(IVibratorManager::descriptor) + "/" + instance;
+        static_cast<std::vector<std::string>*>(context)->emplace_back(fullName);
+    };
+    AServiceManager_forEachDeclaredInstance(IVibratorManager::descriptor,
+                                            static_cast<void*>(&names), callback);
+    return names;
+}
+
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(VibratorAidl);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        Vibrator, VibratorAidl,
-        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVibratorManager::descriptor)),
-        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Vibrator, VibratorAidl, testing::ValuesIn(FindVibratorManagerNames()),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
-    ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
     return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
index db474d6..706ab41 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
@@ -15,38 +15,43 @@
  */
 #include <aidl/Gtest.h>
 #include <aidl/Vintf.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibratorManager.h>
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h>
 
 #include <cmath>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
 #include <future>
 
-using android::ProcessState;
-using android::sp;
-using android::String16;
-using android::binder::Status;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::ActivePwle;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::BnVibratorCallback;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::Braking;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::BrakingPwle;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::IVibratorManager;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::PrimitivePwle;
+#include "persistable_bundle_utils.h"
+#include "test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::ActivePwle;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::BnVibratorCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::Braking;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::BrakingPwle;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::CompositeEffect;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::CompositePrimitive;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::Effect;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::EffectStrength;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::IVibrator;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::IVibratorManager;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::PrimitivePwle;
+using aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::VendorEffect;
+using aidl::android::os::PersistableBundle;
 using std::chrono::high_resolution_clock;
 
 using namespace ::std::chrono_literals;
 
-const std::vector<Effect> kEffects{android::enum_range<Effect>().begin(),
-                                   android::enum_range<Effect>().end()};
-const std::vector<EffectStrength> kEffectStrengths{android::enum_range<EffectStrength>().begin(),
-                                                   android::enum_range<EffectStrength>().end()};
+const std::vector<Effect> kEffects{ndk::enum_range<Effect>().begin(),
+                                   ndk::enum_range<Effect>().end()};
+const std::vector<EffectStrength> kEffectStrengths{ndk::enum_range<EffectStrength>().begin(),
+                                                   ndk::enum_range<EffectStrength>().end()};
 
 const std::vector<Effect> kInvalidEffects = {
     static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(kEffects.front()) - 1),
@@ -59,8 +64,7 @@
 };
 
 const std::vector<CompositePrimitive> kCompositePrimitives{
-    android::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().begin(),
-    android::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().end()};
+        ndk::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().begin(), ndk::enum_range<CompositePrimitive>().end()};
 
 const std::vector<CompositePrimitive> kRequiredPrimitives = {
         CompositePrimitive::CLICK,      CompositePrimitive::LIGHT_TICK,
@@ -74,14 +78,36 @@
 };
 
 // Timeout to wait for vibration callback completion.
-static constexpr auto VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = 100ms;
+static constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT = 100ms;
+
+static std::vector<std::string> findVibratorManagerNames() {
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    constexpr auto callback = [](const char* instance, void* context) {
+        auto fullName = std::string(IVibratorManager::descriptor) + "/" + instance;
+        static_cast<std::vector<std::string>*>(context)->emplace_back(fullName);
+    };
+    AServiceManager_forEachDeclaredInstance(IVibratorManager::descriptor,
+                                            static_cast<void*>(&names), callback);
+    return names;
+}
+
+static std::vector<std::string> findUnmanagedVibratorNames() {
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    constexpr auto callback = [](const char* instance, void* context) {
+        auto fullName = std::string(IVibrator::descriptor) + "/" + instance;
+        static_cast<std::vector<std::string>*>(context)->emplace_back(fullName);
+    };
+    AServiceManager_forEachDeclaredInstance(IVibrator::descriptor, static_cast<void*>(&names),
+                                            callback);
+    return names;
+}
 
 class CompletionCallback : public BnVibratorCallback {
   public:
     CompletionCallback(const std::function<void()> &callback) : mCallback(callback) {}
-    Status onComplete() override {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onComplete() override {
         mCallback();
-        return Status::ok();
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 
   private:
@@ -93,88 +119,87 @@
     virtual void SetUp() override {
         int32_t managerIdx = std::get<0>(GetParam());
         int32_t vibratorId = std::get<1>(GetParam());
-        auto managerAidlNames = android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVibratorManager::descriptor);
 
         if (managerIdx < 0) {
             // Testing a unmanaged vibrator, using vibratorId as index from registered HALs
-            auto vibratorAidlNames = android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVibrator::descriptor);
-            ASSERT_LT(vibratorId, vibratorAidlNames.size());
-            auto vibratorName = String16(vibratorAidlNames[vibratorId].c_str());
-            vibrator = android::waitForDeclaredService<IVibrator>(vibratorName);
+            std::vector<std::string> vibratorNames = findUnmanagedVibratorNames();
+            ASSERT_LT(vibratorId, vibratorNames.size());
+            vibrator = IVibrator::fromBinder(ndk::SpAIBinder(
+                    AServiceManager_waitForService(vibratorNames[vibratorId].c_str())));
         } else {
             // Testing a managed vibrator, using vibratorId to retrieve it from the manager
-            ASSERT_LT(managerIdx, managerAidlNames.size());
-            auto managerName = String16(managerAidlNames[managerIdx].c_str());
-            auto vibratorManager = android::waitForDeclaredService<IVibratorManager>(managerName);
-            auto vibratorResult = vibratorManager->getVibrator(vibratorId, &vibrator);
-            ASSERT_TRUE(vibratorResult.isOk());
+            std::vector<std::string> managerNames = findVibratorManagerNames();
+            ASSERT_LT(managerIdx, managerNames.size());
+            auto vibratorManager = IVibratorManager::fromBinder(ndk::SpAIBinder(
+                    AServiceManager_waitForService(managerNames[managerIdx].c_str())));
+            EXPECT_OK(vibratorManager->getVibrator(vibratorId, &vibrator))
+                    << "\n  For vibrator id: " << vibratorId;
         }
 
         ASSERT_NE(vibrator, nullptr);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getCapabilities(&capabilities).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getCapabilities(&capabilities));
     }
 
     virtual void TearDown() override {
         // Reset vibrator state between tests.
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
     }
 
-    sp<IVibrator> vibrator;
+    std::shared_ptr<IVibrator> vibrator;
     int32_t capabilities;
 };
 
-inline bool isUnknownOrUnsupported(Status status) {
-    return status.exceptionCode() == Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
-           status.transactionError() == android::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
-}
-
-static float getResonantFrequencyHz(sp<IVibrator> vibrator, int32_t capabilities) {
+static float getResonantFrequencyHz(const std::shared_ptr<IVibrator>& vibrator,
+                                    int32_t capabilities) {
     float resonantFrequencyHz;
-    Status status = vibrator->getResonantFrequency(&resonantFrequencyHz);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getResonantFrequency(&resonantFrequencyHz);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_GET_RESONANT_FREQUENCY) {
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         EXPECT_GT(resonantFrequencyHz, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
     return resonantFrequencyHz;
 }
 
-static float getFrequencyResolutionHz(sp<IVibrator> vibrator, int32_t capabilities) {
+static float getFrequencyResolutionHz(const std::shared_ptr<IVibrator>& vibrator,
+                                      int32_t capabilities) {
     float freqResolutionHz;
-    Status status = vibrator->getFrequencyResolution(&freqResolutionHz);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getFrequencyResolution(&freqResolutionHz);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL) {
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         EXPECT_GT(freqResolutionHz, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
     return freqResolutionHz;
 }
 
-static float getFrequencyMinimumHz(sp<IVibrator> vibrator, int32_t capabilities) {
+static float getFrequencyMinimumHz(const std::shared_ptr<IVibrator>& vibrator,
+                                   int32_t capabilities) {
     float freqMinimumHz;
-    Status status = vibrator->getFrequencyMinimum(&freqMinimumHz);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getFrequencyMinimum(&freqMinimumHz);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
 
         float resonantFrequencyHz = getResonantFrequencyHz(vibrator, capabilities);
 
         EXPECT_GT(freqMinimumHz, 0);
         EXPECT_LE(freqMinimumHz, resonantFrequencyHz);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
     return freqMinimumHz;
 }
 
-static float getFrequencyMaximumHz(sp<IVibrator> vibrator, int32_t capabilities) {
+static float getFrequencyMaximumHz(const std::shared_ptr<IVibrator>& vibrator,
+                                   int32_t capabilities) {
     std::vector<float> bandwidthAmplitudeMap;
-    Status status = vibrator->getBandwidthAmplitudeMap(&bandwidthAmplitudeMap);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getBandwidthAmplitudeMap(&bandwidthAmplitudeMap);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
 
     float freqMaximumHz = ((bandwidthAmplitudeMap.size() - 1) *
@@ -191,7 +216,8 @@
     return 1.0;
 }
 
-static ActivePwle composeValidActivePwle(sp<IVibrator> vibrator, int32_t capabilities) {
+static ActivePwle composeValidActivePwle(const std::shared_ptr<IVibrator>& vibrator,
+                                         int32_t capabilities) {
     float frequencyHz;
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_GET_RESONANT_FREQUENCY) {
         frequencyHz = getResonantFrequencyHz(vibrator, capabilities);
@@ -212,9 +238,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, OnThenOffBeforeTimeout) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->on(2000, nullptr /*callback*/).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->on(2000, nullptr /*callback*/));
     sleep(1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, OnWithCallback) {
@@ -223,26 +249,25 @@
 
     std::promise<void> completionPromise;
     std::future<void> completionFuture{completionPromise.get_future()};
-    sp<CompletionCallback> callback =
-        new CompletionCallback([&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
+    auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>(
+            [&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
     uint32_t durationMs = 250;
     auto timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(durationMs) + VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->on(durationMs, callback).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->on(durationMs, callback));
     EXPECT_EQ(completionFuture.wait_for(timeout), std::future_status::ready);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, OnCallbackNotSupported) {
     if (!(capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK)) {
-        sp<CompletionCallback> callback = new CompletionCallback([] {});
-        Status status = vibrator->on(250, callback);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>([] {});
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->on(250, callback));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ValidateEffect) {
     std::vector<Effect> supported;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedEffects(&supported).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedEffects(&supported));
 
     for (Effect effect : kEffects) {
         bool isEffectSupported =
@@ -250,15 +275,18 @@
 
         for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
             int32_t lengthMs = 0;
-            Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
+            ndk::ScopedAStatus status =
+                    vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
 
             if (isEffectSupported) {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
+                EXPECT_OK(std::move(status))
+                        << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
                 EXPECT_GT(lengthMs, 0);
                 usleep(lengthMs * 1000);
+                EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
             } else {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status))
-                        << status << " " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
+                EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status))
+                        << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -269,7 +297,7 @@
         return;
 
     std::vector<Effect> supported;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedEffects(&supported).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedEffects(&supported));
 
     for (Effect effect : kEffects) {
         bool isEffectSupported =
@@ -278,25 +306,26 @@
         for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
             std::promise<void> completionPromise;
             std::future<void> completionFuture{completionPromise.get_future()};
-            sp<CompletionCallback> callback =
-                new CompletionCallback([&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
+            auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>(
+                    [&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
             int lengthMs = 0;
-            Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, callback, &lengthMs);
+            ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, callback, &lengthMs);
 
             if (isEffectSupported) {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+                EXPECT_OK(std::move(status))
+                        << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
                 EXPECT_GT(lengthMs, 0);
             } else {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+                EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status))
+                        << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
             }
 
-            if (!status.isOk())
-                continue;
+            if (lengthMs <= 0) continue;
 
             auto timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(lengthMs) + VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT;
             EXPECT_EQ(completionFuture.wait_for(timeout), std::future_status::ready);
 
-            EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+            EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -307,10 +336,10 @@
 
     for (Effect effect : kEffects) {
         for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
-            sp<CompletionCallback> callback = new CompletionCallback([] {});
+            auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>([] {});
             int lengthMs;
-            Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, callback, &lengthMs);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->perform(effect, strength, callback, &lengthMs))
+                    << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -319,53 +348,168 @@
     for (Effect effect : kInvalidEffects) {
         for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
             int32_t lengthMs;
-            Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status))
-                    << status << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(
+                    vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs))
+                    << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
         }
     }
     for (Effect effect : kEffects) {
         for (EffectStrength strength : kInvalidEffectStrengths) {
             int32_t lengthMs;
-            Status status = vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status))
-                    << status << " " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(
+                    vibrator->perform(effect, strength, nullptr /*callback*/, &lengthMs))
+                    << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
         }
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PerformVendorEffectSupported) {
+    if ((capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS) == 0) return;
+
+    float scale = 0.5f;
+    for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
+        PersistableBundle vendorData;
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::testing::fillBasicData(&vendorData);
+
+        PersistableBundle nestedData;
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::testing::fillBasicData(&nestedData);
+        vendorData.putPersistableBundle("test_nested_bundle", nestedData);
+
+        VendorEffect effect;
+        effect.vendorData = vendorData;
+        effect.strength = strength;
+        effect.scale = scale;
+        scale *= 1.5f;
+
+        auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>([] {});
+        ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->performVendorEffect(effect, callback);
+
+        // No expectations on the actual status, the effect might be refused with illegal argument
+        // or the vendor might return a service-specific error code.
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.getExceptionCode() != EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION &&
+                    status.getStatus() != STATUS_UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION)
+                << status << "\n For vendor effect with strength" << toString(strength)
+                << " and scale " << effect.scale;
+
+        if (status.isOk()) {
+            // Generic vendor data should not trigger vibrations, but if it does trigger one
+            // then we make sure the vibrator is reset by triggering off().
+            EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PerformVendorEffectStability) {
+    if ((capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS) == 0) return;
+
+    // Run some iterations of performVendorEffect with randomized vendor data to check basic
+    // stability of the implementation.
+    uint8_t iterations = 200;
+
+    for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
+        float scale = 0.5f;
+        for (uint8_t i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            PersistableBundle vendorData;
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::vibrator::testing::fillRandomData(&vendorData);
+
+            VendorEffect effect;
+            effect.vendorData = vendorData;
+            effect.strength = strength;
+            effect.scale = scale;
+            scale *= 2;
+
+            auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>([] {});
+            ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->performVendorEffect(effect, callback);
+
+            // No expectations on the actual status, the effect might be refused with illegal
+            // argument or the vendor might return a service-specific error code.
+            EXPECT_TRUE(status.getExceptionCode() != EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION &&
+                        status.getStatus() != STATUS_UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION)
+                    << status << "\n For random vendor effect with strength " << toString(strength)
+                    << " and scale " << effect.scale;
+
+            if (status.isOk()) {
+                // Random vendor data should not trigger vibrations, but if it does trigger one
+                // then we make sure the vibrator is reset by triggering off().
+                EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PerformVendorEffectEmptyVendorData) {
+    if ((capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS) == 0) return;
+
+    for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
+        VendorEffect effect;
+        effect.strength = strength;
+        effect.scale = 1.0f;
+
+        ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->performVendorEffect(effect, nullptr /*callback*/);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC)
+                << status << "\n For vendor effect with strength " << toString(strength)
+                << " and scale " << effect.scale;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PerformVendorEffectInvalidScale) {
+    if ((capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS) == 0) return;
+
+    VendorEffect effect;
+    effect.strength = EffectStrength::MEDIUM;
+
+    effect.scale = 0.0f;
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->performVendorEffect(effect, nullptr /*callback*/));
+
+    effect.scale = -1.0f;
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->performVendorEffect(effect, nullptr /*callback*/));
+}
+
+TEST_P(VibratorAidl, PerformVendorEffectUnsupported) {
+    if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_VENDOR_EFFECTS) return;
+
+    for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
+        VendorEffect effect;
+        effect.strength = strength;
+        effect.scale = 1.0f;
+
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->performVendorEffect(effect, nullptr /*callback*/))
+                << "\n  For vendor effect with strength " << toString(strength);
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ChangeVibrationAmplitude) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->setAmplitude(0.1f).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->on(2000, nullptr /*callback*/).isOk());
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->setAmplitude(0.5f).exceptionCode());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setAmplitude(0.1f));
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->on(2000, nullptr /*callback*/));
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setAmplitude(0.5f));
         sleep(1);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->setAmplitude(1.0f).exceptionCode());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setAmplitude(1.0f));
         sleep(1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, AmplitudeOutsideRangeFails) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->setAmplitude(-1).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->setAmplitude(0).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->setAmplitude(1.1).exceptionCode());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->setAmplitude(-1));
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->setAmplitude(0));
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->setAmplitude(1.1));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, AmplitudeReturnsUnsupportedMatchingCapabilities) {
     if ((capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL) == 0) {
-        Status status = vibrator->setAmplitude(1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->setAmplitude(1));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ChangeVibrationExternalControl) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->setExternalControl(true).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setExternalControl(true));
         sleep(1);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->setExternalControl(false).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setExternalControl(false));
         sleep(1);
     }
 }
@@ -375,15 +519,15 @@
         (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_AMPLITUDE_CONTROL) > 0;
 
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->setExternalControl(true).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setExternalControl(true));
 
-        Status amplitudeStatus = vibrator->setAmplitude(0.5);
         if (supportsExternalAmplitudeControl) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(amplitudeStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setAmplitude(0.5));
         } else {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(amplitudeStatus)) << amplitudeStatus;
+            EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->setAmplitude(0.5));
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->setExternalControl(false).isOk());
+
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->setExternalControl(false));
     } else {
         EXPECT_FALSE(supportsExternalAmplitudeControl);
     }
@@ -391,18 +535,16 @@
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ExternalControlUnsupportedMatchingCapabilities) {
     if ((capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_EXTERNAL_CONTROL) == 0) {
-        Status status = vibrator->setExternalControl(true);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->setExternalControl(true));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetSupportedPrimitives) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS) {
         std::vector<CompositePrimitive> supported;
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported));
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported).exceptionCode());
-
-        for (auto primitive : kCompositePrimitives) {
+        for (CompositePrimitive primitive : kCompositePrimitives) {
             bool isPrimitiveSupported =
                 std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), primitive) != supported.end();
             bool isPrimitiveRequired =
@@ -417,22 +559,23 @@
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetPrimitiveDuration) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS) {
         std::vector<CompositePrimitive> supported;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported));
 
-        for (auto primitive : kCompositePrimitives) {
+        for (CompositePrimitive primitive : kCompositePrimitives) {
             bool isPrimitiveSupported =
                 std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), primitive) != supported.end();
             int32_t duration;
 
-            Status status = vibrator->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration);
-
             if (isPrimitiveSupported) {
-                EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, status.exceptionCode());
+                EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration))
+                        << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive) << " " << duration;
                 if (primitive != CompositePrimitive::NOOP) {
-                    ASSERT_GT(duration, 0) << toString(primitive) << " " << duration;
+                    ASSERT_GT(duration, 0)
+                            << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive) << " " << duration;
                 }
             } else {
-                EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+                EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &duration))
+                        << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -446,14 +589,14 @@
     std::vector<CompositePrimitive> supported;
     int32_t maxDelay, maxSize;
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported).isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->getCompositionDelayMax(&maxDelay).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->getCompositionSizeMax(&maxSize).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getCompositionDelayMax(&maxDelay));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getCompositionSizeMax(&maxSize));
 
     std::vector<CompositeEffect> composite;
 
     for (int i = 0; i < supported.size(); i++) {
-        auto primitive = supported[i];
+        CompositePrimitive primitive = supported[i];
         float t = static_cast<float>(i + 1) / supported.size();
         CompositeEffect effect;
 
@@ -467,8 +610,8 @@
     }
 
     if (composite.size() != 0) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
     }
 }
 
@@ -477,12 +620,12 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "CAP_COMPOSE_EFFECTS not supported";
     }
 
-    auto unsupported = kInvalidPrimitives;
+    std::vector<CompositePrimitive> unsupported(kInvalidPrimitives);
     std::vector<CompositePrimitive> supported;
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported));
 
-    for (auto primitive : kCompositePrimitives) {
+    for (CompositePrimitive primitive : kCompositePrimitives) {
         bool isPrimitiveSupported =
                 std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), primitive) != supported.end();
 
@@ -491,16 +634,15 @@
         }
     }
 
-    for (auto primitive : unsupported) {
+    for (CompositePrimitive primitive : unsupported) {
         std::vector<CompositeEffect> composite(1);
 
-        for (auto& effect : composite) {
+        for (CompositeEffect& effect : composite) {
             effect.delayMs = 0;
             effect.primitive = primitive;
             effect.scale = 1.0f;
         }
-        Status status = vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
     }
 }
 
@@ -516,18 +658,18 @@
     effect.primitive = CompositePrimitive::CLICK;
 
     effect.scale = std::nextafter(0.0f, -1.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
 
     effect.scale = 0.0f;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 
     effect.scale = 1.0f;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 
     effect.scale = std::nextafter(1.0f, 2.0f);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ComposeDelayBoundary) {
@@ -537,7 +679,7 @@
 
     int32_t maxDelay;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->getCompositionDelayMax(&maxDelay).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getCompositionDelayMax(&maxDelay));
 
     std::vector<CompositeEffect> composite(1);
     CompositeEffect& effect = composite[0];
@@ -546,19 +688,19 @@
     effect.scale = 1.0f;
 
     effect.delayMs = 0;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 
     effect.delayMs = 1;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 
     effect.delayMs = maxDelay;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 
     effect.delayMs = maxDelay + 1;
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ComposeSizeBoundary) {
@@ -568,7 +710,7 @@
 
     int32_t maxSize;
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->getCompositionSizeMax(&maxSize).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getCompositionSizeMax(&maxSize));
 
     std::vector<CompositeEffect> composite(maxSize);
     CompositeEffect effect;
@@ -578,11 +720,11 @@
     effect.scale = 1.0f;
 
     std::fill(composite.begin(), composite.end(), effect);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 
     composite.emplace_back(effect);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr).exceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->compose(composite, nullptr));
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ComposeCallback) {
@@ -591,18 +733,17 @@
     }
 
     std::vector<CompositePrimitive> supported;
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported));
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedPrimitives(&supported).isOk());
-
-    for (auto primitive : supported) {
+    for (CompositePrimitive primitive : supported) {
         if (primitive == CompositePrimitive::NOOP) {
             continue;
         }
 
         std::promise<void> completionPromise;
         std::future<void> completionFuture{completionPromise.get_future()};
-        sp<CompletionCallback> callback =
-                new CompletionCallback([&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
+        auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>(
+                [&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
         CompositeEffect effect;
         std::vector<CompositeEffect> composite;
         int32_t durationMs;
@@ -615,50 +756,50 @@
         effect.scale = 1.0f;
         composite.emplace_back(effect);
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE,
-                  vibrator->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &durationMs).exceptionCode())
-                << toString(primitive);
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getPrimitiveDuration(primitive, &durationMs))
+                << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive);
         duration = std::chrono::milliseconds(durationMs);
 
         start = high_resolution_clock::now();
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->compose(composite, callback).exceptionCode())
-                << toString(primitive);
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->compose(composite, callback))
+                << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive);
 
         EXPECT_EQ(completionFuture.wait_for(duration + VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT),
                   std::future_status::ready)
-                << toString(primitive);
+                << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive);
         end = high_resolution_clock::now();
 
         elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end - start);
-        EXPECT_GE(elapsed.count(), duration.count()) << toString(primitive);
+        EXPECT_GE(elapsed.count(), duration.count())
+                << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive);
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off()) << "\n  For primitive: " << toString(primitive);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, AlwaysOn) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_ALWAYS_ON_CONTROL) {
         std::vector<Effect> supported;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects(&supported).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedAlwaysOnEffects(&supported));
 
         for (Effect effect : kEffects) {
             bool isEffectSupported =
                 std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), effect) != supported.end();
 
             for (EffectStrength strength : kEffectStrengths) {
-                Status status = vibrator->alwaysOnEnable(0, effect, strength);
+                ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->alwaysOnEnable(0, effect, strength);
 
                 if (isEffectSupported) {
-                    EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, status.exceptionCode())
-                        << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
+                    EXPECT_OK(std::move(status))
+                            << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
                 } else {
-                    EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status))
-                            << status << " " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
+                    EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status))
+                            << "\n  For effect: " << toString(effect) << " " << toString(strength);
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->alwaysOnDisable(0).exceptionCode());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->alwaysOnDisable(0));
     }
 }
 
@@ -668,12 +809,12 @@
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetQFactor) {
     float qFactor;
-    Status status = vibrator->getQFactor(&qFactor);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getQFactor(&qFactor);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_GET_Q_FACTOR) {
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         ASSERT_GT(qFactor, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
 }
 
@@ -687,9 +828,9 @@
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetBandwidthAmplitudeMap) {
     std::vector<float> bandwidthAmplitudeMap;
-    Status status = vibrator->getBandwidthAmplitudeMap(&bandwidthAmplitudeMap);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getBandwidthAmplitudeMap(&bandwidthAmplitudeMap);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_FREQUENCY_CONTROL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         ASSERT_FALSE(bandwidthAmplitudeMap.empty());
 
         int minMapSize = (getResonantFrequencyHz(vibrator, capabilities) -
@@ -702,42 +843,42 @@
             ASSERT_LE(e, 1.0);
         }
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetPwlePrimitiveDurationMax) {
     int32_t durationMs;
-    Status status = vibrator->getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax(&durationMs);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax(&durationMs);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS) {
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         ASSERT_NE(durationMs, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetPwleCompositionSizeMax) {
     int32_t maxSize;
-    Status status = vibrator->getPwleCompositionSizeMax(&maxSize);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getPwleCompositionSizeMax(&maxSize);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS) {
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         ASSERT_NE(maxSize, 0);
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, GetSupportedBraking) {
     std::vector<Braking> supported;
-    Status status = vibrator->getSupportedBraking(&supported);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = vibrator->getSupportedBraking(&supported);
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS) {
         bool isDefaultNoneSupported =
             std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), Braking::NONE) != supported.end();
+        EXPECT_OK(std::move(status));
         ASSERT_TRUE(isDefaultNoneSupported);
-        EXPECT_EQ(status.exceptionCode(), Status::EX_NONE);
     } else {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(isUnknownOrUnsupported(status)) << status;
+        EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(std::move(status));
     }
 }
 
@@ -746,7 +887,7 @@
         ActivePwle firstActive = composeValidActivePwle(vibrator, capabilities);
 
         std::vector<Braking> supported;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedBraking(&supported).isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedBraking(&supported));
         bool isClabSupported =
             std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), Braking::CLAB) != supported.end();
         BrakingPwle firstBraking;
@@ -765,11 +906,11 @@
         secondBraking.braking = Braking::NONE;
         secondBraking.duration = 10;
 
-        auto pwleQueue =
-            std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{firstActive, firstBraking, secondActive, secondBraking};
+        std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueue = {firstActive, firstBraking, secondActive,
+                                                secondBraking};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr));
+        EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
     }
 }
 
@@ -780,8 +921,8 @@
 
     std::promise<void> completionPromise;
     std::future<void> completionFuture{completionPromise.get_future()};
-    sp<CompletionCallback> callback =
-        new CompletionCallback([&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
+    auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<CompletionCallback>(
+            [&completionPromise] { completionPromise.set_value(); });
     int32_t segmentDurationMaxMs;
     vibrator->getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax(&segmentDurationMaxMs);
     uint32_t durationMs = segmentDurationMaxMs * 2 + 100;  // Sum of 2 active and 1 braking below
@@ -790,27 +931,25 @@
     ActivePwle active = composeValidActivePwle(vibrator, capabilities);
 
     std::vector<Braking> supported;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(vibrator->getSupportedBraking(&supported).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->getSupportedBraking(&supported));
     bool isClabSupported =
         std::find(supported.begin(), supported.end(), Braking::CLAB) != supported.end();
     BrakingPwle braking;
     braking.braking = isClabSupported ? Braking::CLAB : Braking::NONE;
     braking.duration = 100;
 
-    auto pwleQueue = std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{active, braking, active};
+    std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueue = {active, braking, active};
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, callback).isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, callback));
     EXPECT_EQ(completionFuture.wait_for(timeout), std::future_status::ready);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->off());
 }
 
 TEST_P(VibratorAidl, ComposePwleSegmentBoundary) {
     if (capabilities & IVibrator::CAP_COMPOSE_PWLE_EFFECTS) {
         std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueue;
         // test empty queue
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr));
 
         ActivePwle active = composeValidActivePwle(vibrator, capabilities);
 
@@ -824,9 +963,7 @@
             pwleQueue.emplace_back(std::move(pwle));
         }
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr));
     }
 }
 
@@ -836,20 +973,16 @@
         active.startAmplitude = getAmplitudeMax() + 1.0;  // Amplitude greater than allowed
         active.endAmplitude = getAmplitudeMax() + 1.0;    // Amplitude greater than allowed
 
-        auto pwleQueueGreater = std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{active};
+        std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueueGreater = {active};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueGreater, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueGreater, nullptr));
 
         active.startAmplitude = getAmplitudeMin() - 1.0;  // Amplitude less than allowed
         active.endAmplitude = getAmplitudeMin() - 1.0;    // Amplitude less than allowed
 
-        auto pwleQueueLess = std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{active};
+        std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueueLess = {active};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueLess, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueLess, nullptr));
     }
 }
 
@@ -865,20 +998,16 @@
             freqMaximumHz + freqResolutionHz;                    // Frequency greater than allowed
         active.endFrequency = freqMaximumHz + freqResolutionHz;  // Frequency greater than allowed
 
-        auto pwleQueueGreater = std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{active};
+        std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueueGreater = {active};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueGreater, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueGreater, nullptr));
 
         active.startFrequency = freqMinimumHz - freqResolutionHz;  // Frequency less than allowed
         active.endFrequency = freqMinimumHz - freqResolutionHz;    // Frequency less than allowed
 
-        auto pwleQueueLess = std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{active};
+        std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueueLess = {active};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueLess, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueueLess, nullptr));
     }
 }
 
@@ -890,32 +1019,30 @@
         vibrator->getPwlePrimitiveDurationMax(&segmentDurationMaxMs);
         active.duration = segmentDurationMaxMs + 10;  // Segment duration greater than allowed
 
-        auto pwleQueue = std::vector<PrimitivePwle>{active};
+        std::vector<PrimitivePwle> pwleQueue = {active};
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                  vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr).exceptionCode());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
+        EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(vibrator->composePwle(pwleQueue, nullptr));
     }
 }
 
 std::vector<std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t>> GenerateVibratorMapping() {
     std::vector<std::tuple<int32_t, int32_t>> tuples;
-    auto managerAidlNames = android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVibratorManager::descriptor);
-    std::vector<int32_t> vibratorIds;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < managerAidlNames.size(); i++) {
-        auto managerName = String16(managerAidlNames[i].c_str());
-        auto vibratorManager = android::waitForDeclaredService<IVibratorManager>(managerName);
+    std::vector<std::string> managerNames = findVibratorManagerNames();
+    std::vector<int32_t> vibratorIds;
+    for (int i = 0; i < managerNames.size(); i++) {
+        auto vibratorManager = IVibratorManager::fromBinder(
+                ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(managerNames[i].c_str())));
         if (vibratorManager->getVibratorIds(&vibratorIds).isOk()) {
-            for (auto &vibratorId : vibratorIds) {
-                tuples.push_back(std::make_tuple(i, vibratorId));
+            for (int32_t vibratorId : vibratorIds) {
+                tuples.emplace_back(i, vibratorId);
             }
         }
     }
 
-    auto vibratorAidlNames = android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVibrator::descriptor);
-    for (int i = 0; i < vibratorAidlNames.size(); i++) {
-        tuples.push_back(std::make_tuple(-1, i));
+    std::vector<std::string> vibratorNames = findUnmanagedVibratorNames();
+    for (int i = 0; i < vibratorNames.size(); i++) {
+        tuples.emplace_back(-1, i);
     }
 
     return tuples;
@@ -935,8 +1062,11 @@
                          PrintGeneratedTest);
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    // Random values are used in the implementation.
+    std::srand(std::time(nullptr));
+
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
-    ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
     return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/persistable_bundle_utils.h b/vibrator/aidl/vts/persistable_bundle_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a765a49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/persistable_bundle_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef VIBRATOR_HAL_PERSISTABLE_BUNDLE_UTILS_H
+#define VIBRATOR_HAL_PERSISTABLE_BUNDLE_UTILS_H
+
+#include <android/persistable_bundle_aidl.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace vibrator {
+namespace testing {
+
+using aidl::android::os::PersistableBundle;
+
+namespace {
+
+template <typename T>
+T nextValue() {
+    return static_cast<T>(std::rand());
+}
+
+template <>
+std::string nextValue() {
+    std::string str;
+    uint8_t entryCount = nextValue<uint8_t>();
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
+        str.push_back(nextValue<char>());
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+T nextValue(T limit) {
+    assert(limit > 0);
+    return static_cast<T>(std::rand()) / (static_cast<T>(RAND_MAX / limit));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void fillVector(std::vector<T>* values) {
+    uint8_t entryCount = nextValue<uint8_t>();
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
+        values->push_back(nextValue<T>());
+    }
+}
+
+const std::vector<std::function<void(PersistableBundle*, const std::string&)>>
+        sPersistableBundleSetters = {[](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         bundle->putBoolean(key, nextValue<bool>());
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         bundle->putInt(key, nextValue<int32_t>());
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         bundle->putLong(key, nextValue<int64_t>());
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         bundle->putDouble(key, nextValue<double>());
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         bundle->putString(key, nextValue<std::string>());
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         std::vector<bool> value;
+                                         fillVector<bool>(&value);
+                                         bundle->putBooleanVector(key, value);
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         std::vector<int32_t> value;
+                                         fillVector<int32_t>(&value);
+                                         bundle->putIntVector(key, value);
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         std::vector<int64_t> value;
+                                         fillVector<int64_t>(&value);
+                                         bundle->putLongVector(key, value);
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         std::vector<double> value;
+                                         fillVector<double>(&value);
+                                         bundle->putDoubleVector(key, value);
+                                     },
+                                     [](PersistableBundle* bundle, const std::string& key) -> void {
+                                         std::vector<std::string> value;
+                                         fillVector<std::string>(&value);
+                                         bundle->putStringVector(key, value);
+                                     }};
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void fillBasicData(PersistableBundle* bundle) {
+    bundle->putBoolean("test_bool", true);
+    bundle->putInt("test_int", 2147483647);
+    bundle->putLong("test_long", 2147483647L);
+    bundle->putDouble("test_double", 1.23);
+    bundle->putString("test_string", "test data");
+    bundle->putBooleanVector("test_bool_vector", {true, false, false});
+    bundle->putIntVector("test_int_vector", {1, 2, 3, 4});
+    bundle->putLongVector("test_long_vector", {100L, 200L, 300L});
+    bundle->putDoubleVector("test_double_vector", {1.1, 2.2});
+    bundle->putStringVector("test_string_vector", {"test", "val"});
+}
+
+void fillRandomData(PersistableBundle* bundle) {
+    uint8_t entryCount = nextValue<uint8_t>();
+    for (uint8_t i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
+        std::string key(nextValue<std::string>());
+        uint8_t setterIdx = nextValue<uint8_t>(sPersistableBundleSetters.size() - 1);
+        sPersistableBundleSetters[setterIdx](bundle, key);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace testing
+}  // namespace vibrator
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // VIBRATOR_HAL_PERSISTABLE_BUNDLE_UTILS_H
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/test_utils.h b/vibrator/aidl/vts/test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aaf3211
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef VIBRATOR_HAL_TEST_UTILS_H
+#define VIBRATOR_HAL_TEST_UTILS_H
+
+#include <android/binder_auto_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#if !defined(EXPECT_OK)
+#define EXPECT_OK(expression)                                                \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_                                            \
+    if (const ::ndk::ScopedAStatus&& _status = (expression); _status.isOk()) \
+        ;                                                                    \
+    else                                                                     \
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected STATUS_OK for: " << #expression << "\n  Actual: " << _status
+#else
+#error Macro EXPECT_OK already defined unexpectedly
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED)
+#define EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED(expression)                                                \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_                                                                \
+    if (const ::ndk::ScopedAStatus&& _status = (expression);                                     \
+        _status.getExceptionCode() == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||                                \
+        _status.getStatus() == STATUS_UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION)                                       \
+        ;                                                                                        \
+    else                                                                                         \
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected STATUS_UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION or EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION for: " \
+                      << #expression << "\n  Actual: " << _status
+#else
+#error Macro EXPECT_UNKNOWN_OR_UNSUPPORTED already defined unexpectedly
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT)
+#define EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT(expression)                                  \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_                                            \
+    if (const ::ndk::ScopedAStatus&& _status = (expression);                 \
+        _status.getExceptionCode() == EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT)                   \
+        ;                                                                    \
+    else                                                                     \
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Expected EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT for: " << #expression \
+                      << "\n  Actual: " << _status
+#else
+#error Macro EXPECT_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT already defined unexpectedly
+#endif
+
+#endif  // VIBRATOR_HAL_TEST_UTILS_H
diff --git a/vibrator/bench/Android.bp b/vibrator/bench/Android.bp
index 87bdab4..cd56516 100644
--- a/vibrator/bench/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/bench/Android.bp
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@
         "benchmark.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.vibrator-V2-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator-V3-ndk",
         "android.hardware.vibrator@1.0",
         "android.hardware.vibrator@1.1",
         "android.hardware.vibrator@1.2",
         "android.hardware.vibrator@1.3",
-        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
         "libhardware",
         "libhidlbase",
         "libutils",
diff --git a/vibrator/bench/benchmark.cpp b/vibrator/bench/benchmark.cpp
index deaa6f2..8fe9cf7 100644
--- a/vibrator/bench/benchmark.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/bench/benchmark.cpp
@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
 
 #include "benchmark/benchmark.h"
 
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
 #include <android/hardware/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/BnVibratorCallback.h>
-#include <android/hardware/vibrator/IVibrator.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <future>
 
-using ::android::enum_range;
-using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_enum_range;
 using ::android::hardware::Return;
 using ::android::hardware::details::hidl_enum_values;
@@ -33,10 +32,11 @@
 using ::benchmark::kMicrosecond;
 using ::benchmark::State;
 using ::benchmark::internal::Benchmark;
+using ::ndk::enum_range;
 
 using namespace ::std::chrono_literals;
 
-namespace Aidl = ::android::hardware::vibrator;
+namespace Aidl = ::aidl::android::hardware::vibrator;
 namespace V1_0 = ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0;
 namespace V1_1 = ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_1;
 namespace V1_2 = ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2;
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@
 class BaseBench : public Fixture {
   public:
     void SetUp(State& /*state*/) override {
-        android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
-        android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+        ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+        ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
     }
 
     void TearDown(State& /*state*/) override {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     auto getOtherArg(const State& state, std::size_t index) const { return state.range(index + 0); }
 
   protected:
-    sp<I> mVibrator;
+    std::shared_ptr<I> mVibrator;
 };
 
 template <typename I>
@@ -83,7 +83,12 @@
   public:
     void SetUp(State& state) override {
         BaseBench<I>::SetUp(state);
-        this->mVibrator = I::getService();
+        auto service = I::getService();
+        if (service) {
+            this->mVibrator = std::shared_ptr<I>(service.release());
+        } else {
+            this->mVibrator = nullptr;
+        }
     }
 
   protected:
@@ -356,7 +361,9 @@
   public:
     void SetUp(State& state) override {
         BaseBench::SetUp(state);
-        this->mVibrator = android::waitForVintfService<Aidl::IVibrator>();
+        auto serviceName = std::string(Aidl::IVibrator::descriptor) + "/default";
+        this->mVibrator = Aidl::IVibrator::fromBinder(
+                ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(serviceName.c_str())));
     }
 
     void TearDown(State& state) override {
@@ -373,14 +380,24 @@
         return (deviceCapabilities & capabilities) == capabilities;
     }
 
-    bool shouldSkipWithError(State& state, const android::binder::Status&& status) {
+    bool shouldSkipWithError(State& state, const ndk::ScopedAStatus&& status) {
         if (!status.isOk()) {
-            state.SkipWithError(status.toString8().c_str());
+            state.SkipWithError(status.getMessage());
             return true;
         }
         return false;
     }
 
+    void waitForComplete(std::future<void>& callbackFuture) {
+        // Wait until the HAL has finished processing previous vibration before starting a new one,
+        // so the HAL state is consistent on each run and metrics are less noisy. Some of the newest
+        // HAL implementations are waiting on previous vibration cleanup and might be significantly
+        // slower, so make sure we measure vibrations on a clean slate.
+        if (callbackFuture.valid()) {
+            callbackFuture.wait_for(VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT);
+        }
+    }
+
     static void SlowBenchConfig(Benchmark* b) { b->Iterations(VIBRATION_ITERATIONS); }
 };
 
@@ -397,18 +414,12 @@
     HalCallback() = default;
     ~HalCallback() = default;
 
-    android::binder::Status onComplete() override {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onComplete() override {
         mPromise.set_value();
-        return android::binder::Status::ok();
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 
-    void waitForComplete() {
-        // Wait until the HAL has finished processing previous vibration before starting a new one,
-        // so the HAL state is consistent on each run and metrics are less noisy. Some of the newest
-        // HAL implementations are waiting on previous vibration cleanup and might be significantly
-        // slower, so make sure we measure vibrations on a clean slate.
-        mPromise.get_future().wait_for(VIBRATION_CALLBACK_TIMEOUT);
-    }
+    std::future<void> getFuture() { return mPromise.get_future(); }
 
   private:
     std::promise<void> mPromise;
@@ -418,7 +429,11 @@
     auto ms = MAX_ON_DURATION_MS;
 
     for (auto _ : state) {
-        auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK) ? new HalCallback() : nullptr;
+        auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK)
+                          ? ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalCallback>()
+                          : nullptr;
+        // Grab the future before callback promise is destroyed by the HAL.
+        auto cbFuture = cb ? cb->getFuture() : std::future<void>();
 
         // Test
         if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->on(ms, cb))) {
@@ -430,9 +445,7 @@
         if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->off())) {
             return;
         }
-        if (cb) {
-            cb->waitForComplete();
-        }
+        waitForComplete(cbFuture);
         state.ResumeTiming();
     }
 });
@@ -441,7 +454,11 @@
     auto ms = MAX_ON_DURATION_MS;
 
     for (auto _ : state) {
-        auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK) ? new HalCallback() : nullptr;
+        auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK)
+                          ? ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalCallback>()
+                          : nullptr;
+        // Grab the future before callback promise is destroyed by the HAL.
+        auto cbFuture = cb ? cb->getFuture() : std::future<void>();
 
         // Setup
         state.PauseTiming();
@@ -457,9 +474,7 @@
 
         // Cleanup
         state.PauseTiming();
-        if (cb) {
-            cb->waitForComplete();
-        }
+        waitForComplete(cbFuture);
         state.ResumeTiming();
     }
 });
@@ -483,7 +498,9 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK) ? new HalCallback() : nullptr;
+    auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_ON_CALLBACK)
+                      ? ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalCallback>()
+                      : nullptr;
     if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->on(ms, cb))) {
         return;
     }
@@ -685,8 +702,11 @@
     int32_t lengthMs = 0;
 
     for (auto _ : state) {
-        auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK) ? new HalCallback()
-                                                                         : nullptr;
+        auto cb = hasCapabilities(Aidl::IVibrator::CAP_PERFORM_CALLBACK)
+                          ? ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalCallback>()
+                          : nullptr;
+        // Grab the future before callback promise is destroyed by the HAL.
+        auto cbFuture = cb ? cb->getFuture() : std::future<void>();
 
         // Test
         if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->perform(effect, strength, cb, &lengthMs))) {
@@ -698,9 +718,7 @@
         if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->off())) {
             return;
         }
-        if (cb) {
-            cb->waitForComplete();
-        }
+        waitForComplete(cbFuture);
         state.ResumeTiming();
     }
 });
@@ -799,7 +817,9 @@
     effects.push_back(effect);
 
     for (auto _ : state) {
-        auto cb = new HalCallback();
+        auto cb = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<HalCallback>();
+        // Grab the future before callback promise is moved and destroyed by the HAL.
+        auto cbFuture = cb->getFuture();
 
         // Test
         if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->compose(effects, cb))) {
@@ -811,7 +831,7 @@
         if (shouldSkipWithError(state, mVibrator->off())) {
             return;
         }
-        cb->waitForComplete();
+        waitForComplete(cbFuture);
         state.ResumeTiming();
     }
 });
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp
index 21d50ac..c68d8fd 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp
@@ -177,8 +177,7 @@
     return iface;
 }
 
-std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(const char* instance_name) {
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip) {
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -193,6 +192,11 @@
     return iface;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
+    return getWifiApIface(wifi_chip);
+}
+
 std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip) {
     if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
         return nullptr;
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h
index 1369dd4..9b47a9f 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface(const char* instance_name);
 std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface(const char* instance_name);
 std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip);
 std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(const char* instance_name);
 std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip);
 // Configure the chip in a mode to support the creation of the provided iface type.
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp
index d39cfb4..a58fd5b 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -37,12 +37,21 @@
                 "/system/bin/cmd wifi get-softap-supported-features",
                 "wifi_softap_bridged_ap_supported");
         stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+
+        wifi_chip_ = getWifiChip(getInstanceName());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_chip_.get());
+
+        bool isApSupported = doesChipSupportConcurrencyType(wifi_chip_, IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+        if (!isApSupported) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "AP interfaces are not supported";
+        }
     }
 
     void TearDown() override { stopWifiService(getInstanceName()); }
 
   protected:
     bool isBridgedSupport_ = false;
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip_;
     const char* getInstanceName() { return GetParam().c_str(); }
 };
 
@@ -50,7 +59,7 @@
  * SetMacAddress
  */
 TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, SetMacAddress) {
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
     std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac = {0x12, 0x22, 0x33, 0x52, 0x10, 0x44};
     EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->setMacAddress(mac).isOk());
@@ -60,7 +69,7 @@
  * SetCountryCode
  */
 TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, SetCountryCode) {
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
 
     const std::array<uint8_t, 2> country_code = {0x55, 0x53};
@@ -71,7 +80,7 @@
  * GetFactoryMacAddress
  */
 TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, GetFactoryMacAddress) {
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
 
     std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac;
@@ -84,7 +93,7 @@
  * GetBridgedInstances - non-bridged mode
  */
 TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, GetBridgedInstances) {
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
 
     std::vector<std::string> instances;
@@ -99,7 +108,7 @@
     if (!isBridgedSupport_) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing Bridged AP support";
     }
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
 
     std::vector<std::string> instances;
@@ -111,7 +120,7 @@
  * ResetToFactoryMacAddress - non-bridged mode
  */
 TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, ResetToFactoryMacAddress) {
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
     EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->resetToFactoryMacAddress().isOk());
 }
@@ -123,7 +132,7 @@
     if (!isBridgedSupport_) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing Bridged AP support";
     }
-    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(wifi_chip_);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
     EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->resetToFactoryMacAddress().isOk());
 }