diff --git a/identity/aidl/vts/UserAuthTests.cpp b/identity/aidl/vts/UserAuthTests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b4c8f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/identity/aidl/vts/UserAuthTests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,473 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "UserAuthTests"
+
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/keymaster/HardwareAuthToken.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/keymaster/VerificationToken.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/hardware/identity/IIdentityCredentialStore.h>
+#include <android/hardware/identity/support/IdentityCredentialSupport.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <cppbor.h>
+#include <cppbor_parse.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <future>
+#include <map>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "VtsIdentityTestUtils.h"
+
+namespace android::hardware::identity {
+
+using std::endl;
+using std::make_pair;
+using std::map;
+using std::optional;
+using std::pair;
+using std::string;
+using std::tie;
+using std::vector;
+
+using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::String16;
+using ::android::binder::Status;
+
+using ::android::hardware::keymaster::HardwareAuthToken;
+using ::android::hardware::keymaster::VerificationToken;
+
+class UserAuthTests : public testing::TestWithParam<string> {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        credentialStore_ = android::waitForDeclaredService<IIdentityCredentialStore>(
+                String16(GetParam().c_str()));
+        ASSERT_NE(credentialStore_, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void provisionData();
+    void setupRetrieveData();
+    pair<HardwareAuthToken, VerificationToken> mintTokens(uint64_t challengeForAuthToken,
+                                                          int64_t ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds);
+    void retrieveData(HardwareAuthToken authToken, VerificationToken verificationToken,
+                      bool expectSuccess, bool useSessionTranscript);
+
+    // Set by provisionData
+    SecureAccessControlProfile sacp0_;
+    SecureAccessControlProfile sacp1_;
+    SecureAccessControlProfile sacp2_;
+
+    vector<uint8_t> encContentUserAuthPerSession_;
+    vector<uint8_t> encContentUserAuthTimeout_;
+    vector<uint8_t> encContentAccessibleByAll_;
+    vector<uint8_t> encContentAccessibleByNone_;
+
+    vector<uint8_t> credentialData_;
+
+    // Set by setupRetrieveData().
+    int64_t authChallenge_;
+    cppbor::Map sessionTranscript_;
+    sp<IIdentityCredential> credential_;
+
+    // Set by retrieveData()
+    bool canGetUserAuthPerSession_;
+    bool canGetUserAuthTimeout_;
+    bool canGetAccessibleByAll_;
+    bool canGetAccessibleByNone_;
+
+    sp<IIdentityCredentialStore> credentialStore_;
+};
+
+void UserAuthTests::provisionData() {
+    string docType = "org.iso.18013-5.2019.mdl";
+    bool testCredential = true;
+    sp<IWritableIdentityCredential> wc;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(credentialStore_->createCredential(docType, testCredential, &wc).isOk());
+
+    vector<uint8_t> attestationApplicationId = {};
+    vector<uint8_t> attestationChallenge = {1};
+    vector<Certificate> certChain;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->getAttestationCertificate(attestationApplicationId, attestationChallenge,
+                                              &certChain)
+                        .isOk());
+
+    size_t proofOfProvisioningSize = 381;
+    // Not in v1 HAL, may fail
+    wc->setExpectedProofOfProvisioningSize(proofOfProvisioningSize);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->startPersonalization(3 /* numAccessControlProfiles */,
+                                         {4} /* numDataElementsPerNamespace */)
+                        .isOk());
+
+    // Access control profile 0: user auth every session (timeout = 0)
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->addAccessControlProfile(0, {}, true, 0, 65 /* secureUserId */, &sacp0_).isOk());
+
+    // Access control profile 1: user auth, 60 seconds timeout
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+            wc->addAccessControlProfile(1, {}, true, 60000, 65 /* secureUserId */, &sacp1_).isOk());
+
+    // Access control profile 2: open access
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->addAccessControlProfile(2, {}, false, 0, 0, &sacp2_).isOk());
+
+    // Data Element: "UserAuth Per Session"
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->beginAddEntry({0}, "ns", "UserAuth Per Session", 1).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->addEntryValue({9}, &encContentUserAuthPerSession_).isOk());
+
+    // Data Element: "UserAuth Timeout"
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->beginAddEntry({1}, "ns", "UserAuth Timeout", 1).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->addEntryValue({9}, &encContentUserAuthTimeout_).isOk());
+
+    // Data Element: "Accessible by All"
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->beginAddEntry({2}, "ns", "Accessible by All", 1).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->addEntryValue({9}, &encContentAccessibleByAll_).isOk());
+
+    // Data Element: "Accessible by None"
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->beginAddEntry({}, "ns", "Accessible by None", 1).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(wc->addEntryValue({9}, &encContentAccessibleByNone_).isOk());
+
+    vector<uint8_t> proofOfProvisioningSignature;
+    Status status = wc->finishAddingEntries(&credentialData_, &proofOfProvisioningSignature);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.exceptionCode() << ": " << status.exceptionMessage();
+}
+
+// From ReaderAuthTest.cpp - TODO: consolidate with VtsIdentityTestUtils.h
+pair<vector<uint8_t>, vector<uint8_t>> generateReaderKey();
+vector<uint8_t> generateReaderCert(const vector<uint8_t>& publicKey,
+                                   const vector<uint8_t>& signingKey);
+RequestDataItem buildRequestDataItem(const string& name, size_t size,
+                                     vector<int32_t> accessControlProfileIds);
+
+cppbor::Map calcSessionTranscript(const vector<uint8_t>& ePublicKey) {
+    auto [getXYSuccess, ephX, ephY] = support::ecPublicKeyGetXandY(ePublicKey);
+    cppbor::Map deviceEngagement = cppbor::Map().add("ephX", ephX).add("ephY", ephY);
+    vector<uint8_t> deviceEngagementBytes = deviceEngagement.encode();
+    vector<uint8_t> eReaderPubBytes = cppbor::Tstr("ignored").encode();
+    // Let SessionTranscript be a map here (it's an array in EndToEndTest) just
+    // to check that the implementation can deal with either.
+    cppbor::Map sessionTranscript;
+    sessionTranscript.add(42, cppbor::Semantic(24, deviceEngagementBytes));
+    sessionTranscript.add(43, cppbor::Semantic(24, eReaderPubBytes));
+    return sessionTranscript;
+}
+
+void UserAuthTests::setupRetrieveData() {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(credentialStore_
+                        ->getCredential(
+                                CipherSuite::CIPHERSUITE_ECDHE_HKDF_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA256,
+                                credentialData_, &credential_)
+                        .isOk());
+
+    optional<vector<uint8_t>> readerEKeyPair = support::createEcKeyPair();
+    optional<vector<uint8_t>> readerEPublicKey =
+            support::ecKeyPairGetPublicKey(readerEKeyPair.value());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(credential_->setReaderEphemeralPublicKey(readerEPublicKey.value()).isOk());
+
+    vector<uint8_t> eKeyPair;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(credential_->createEphemeralKeyPair(&eKeyPair).isOk());
+    optional<vector<uint8_t>> ePublicKey = support::ecKeyPairGetPublicKey(eKeyPair);
+    sessionTranscript_ = calcSessionTranscript(ePublicKey.value());
+
+    Status status = credential_->createAuthChallenge(&authChallenge_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.exceptionCode() << ": " << status.exceptionMessage();
+}
+
+void UserAuthTests::retrieveData(HardwareAuthToken authToken, VerificationToken verificationToken,
+                                 bool expectSuccess, bool useSessionTranscript) {
+    canGetUserAuthPerSession_ = false;
+    canGetUserAuthTimeout_ = false;
+    canGetAccessibleByAll_ = false;
+    canGetAccessibleByNone_ = false;
+
+    vector<uint8_t> itemsRequestBytes;
+    vector<uint8_t> sessionTranscriptBytes;
+    if (useSessionTranscript) {
+        sessionTranscriptBytes = sessionTranscript_.encode();
+
+        itemsRequestBytes =
+                cppbor::Map("nameSpaces",
+                            cppbor::Map().add("ns", cppbor::Map()
+                                                            .add("UserAuth Per Session", false)
+                                                            .add("UserAuth Timeout", false)
+                                                            .add("Accessible by All", false)
+                                                            .add("Accessible by None", false)))
+                        .encode();
+        vector<uint8_t> dataToSign = cppbor::Array()
+                                             .add("ReaderAuthentication")
+                                             .add(sessionTranscript_.clone())
+                                             .add(cppbor::Semantic(24, itemsRequestBytes))
+                                             .encode();
+    }
+
+    // Generate the key that will be used to sign AuthenticatedData.
+    vector<uint8_t> signingKeyBlob;
+    Certificate signingKeyCertificate;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+            credential_->generateSigningKeyPair(&signingKeyBlob, &signingKeyCertificate).isOk());
+
+    RequestNamespace rns;
+    rns.namespaceName = "ns";
+    rns.items.push_back(buildRequestDataItem("UserAuth Per Session", 1, {0}));
+    rns.items.push_back(buildRequestDataItem("UserAuth Timeout", 1, {1}));
+    rns.items.push_back(buildRequestDataItem("Accessible by All", 1, {2}));
+    rns.items.push_back(buildRequestDataItem("Accessible by None", 1, {}));
+    // OK to fail, not available in v1 HAL
+    credential_->setRequestedNamespaces({rns}).isOk();
+
+    // OK to fail, not available in v1 HAL
+    credential_->setVerificationToken(verificationToken);
+
+    Status status = credential_->startRetrieval({sacp0_, sacp1_, sacp2_}, authToken,
+                                                itemsRequestBytes, signingKeyBlob,
+                                                sessionTranscriptBytes, {} /* readerSignature */,
+                                                {4 /* numDataElementsPerNamespace */});
+    if (expectSuccess) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    vector<uint8_t> decrypted;
+
+    status = credential_->startRetrieveEntryValue("ns", "UserAuth Per Session", 1, {0});
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        canGetUserAuthPerSession_ = true;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+                credential_->retrieveEntryValue(encContentUserAuthPerSession_, &decrypted).isOk());
+    }
+
+    status = credential_->startRetrieveEntryValue("ns", "UserAuth Timeout", 1, {1});
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        canGetUserAuthTimeout_ = true;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(credential_->retrieveEntryValue(encContentUserAuthTimeout_, &decrypted).isOk());
+    }
+
+    status = credential_->startRetrieveEntryValue("ns", "Accessible by All", 1, {2});
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        canGetAccessibleByAll_ = true;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(credential_->retrieveEntryValue(encContentAccessibleByAll_, &decrypted).isOk());
+    }
+
+    status = credential_->startRetrieveEntryValue("ns", "Accessible by None", 1, {});
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        canGetAccessibleByNone_ = true;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+                credential_->retrieveEntryValue(encContentAccessibleByNone_, &decrypted).isOk());
+    }
+
+    vector<uint8_t> mac;
+    vector<uint8_t> deviceNameSpaces;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(credential_->finishRetrieval(&mac, &deviceNameSpaces).isOk());
+}
+
+pair<HardwareAuthToken, VerificationToken> UserAuthTests::mintTokens(
+        uint64_t challengeForAuthToken, int64_t ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds) {
+    HardwareAuthToken authToken;
+    VerificationToken verificationToken;
+
+    uint64_t epochMilliseconds = 1000ULL * 1000ULL * 1000ULL * 1000ULL;
+
+    authToken.challenge = challengeForAuthToken;
+    authToken.userId = 65;
+    authToken.authenticatorId = 0;
+    authToken.authenticatorType = ::android::hardware::keymaster::HardwareAuthenticatorType::NONE;
+    authToken.timestamp.milliSeconds = epochMilliseconds - ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds;
+    authToken.mac.clear();
+    verificationToken.challenge = authChallenge_;
+    verificationToken.timestamp.milliSeconds = epochMilliseconds;
+    verificationToken.securityLevel =
+            ::android::hardware::keymaster::SecurityLevel::TRUSTED_ENVIRONMENT;
+    verificationToken.mac.clear();
+    return make_pair(authToken, verificationToken);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, GoodChallenge) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(authChallenge_,  // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     0);              // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, OtherChallenge) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    uint64_t otherChallenge = authChallenge_ ^ 0x12345678;
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(otherChallenge,  // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     0);              // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, NoChallenge) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,   // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     0);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, AuthTokenAgeZero) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,   // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     0);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, AuthTokenFromTheFuture) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,           // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     -1 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, AuthTokenInsideTimeout) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,           // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     30 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, AuthTokenOutsideTimeout) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,           // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     61 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+// The API works even when there's no SessionTranscript / itemsRequest.
+// Verify that.
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, NoSessionTranscript) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,          // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     1 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 false /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+// This test verifies that it's possible to do multiple requests as long
+// as the sessionTranscript doesn't change.
+//
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, MultipleRequestsSameSessionTranscript) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+
+    // First we try with a stale authToken
+    //
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,           // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     61 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+
+    // Then we get a new authToken and try again.
+    tie(authToken, verificationToken) = mintTokens(0,          // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                   5 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+}
+
+// Like MultipleRequestsSameSessionTranscript but we change the sessionTranscript
+// between the two calls. This test verifies that change is detected and the
+// second request fails.
+//
+TEST_P(UserAuthTests, MultipleRequestsSessionTranscriptChanges) {
+    provisionData();
+    setupRetrieveData();
+
+    // First we try with a stale authToken
+    //
+    auto [authToken, verificationToken] = mintTokens(0,           // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                     61 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, true /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthPerSession_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetUserAuthTimeout_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(canGetAccessibleByAll_);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(canGetAccessibleByNone_);
+
+    // Then we get a new authToken and try again.
+    tie(authToken, verificationToken) = mintTokens(0,          // challengeForAuthToken
+                                                   5 * 1000);  // ageOfAuthTokenMilliSeconds
+
+    // Change sessionTranscript...
+    optional<vector<uint8_t>> eKeyPairNew = support::createEcKeyPair();
+    optional<vector<uint8_t>> ePublicKeyNew = support::ecKeyPairGetPublicKey(eKeyPairNew.value());
+    sessionTranscript_ = calcSessionTranscript(ePublicKeyNew.value());
+
+    // ... and expect failure.
+    retrieveData(authToken, verificationToken, false /* expectSuccess */,
+                 true /* useSessionTranscript */);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        Identity, UserAuthTests,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IIdentityCredentialStore::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::identity