diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
index 844127d..574dc69 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
@@ -14,13 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <cstddef>
 #include <memory>
+
 #define LOG_TAG "AHAL_EffectThread"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 
 #include "effect-impl/EffectThread.h"
+#include "effect-impl/EffectTypes.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::EventFlag;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
 
@@ -31,23 +36,35 @@
 EffectThread::~EffectThread() {
     destroyThread();
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " done";
-};
+}
 
 RetCode EffectThread::createThread(std::shared_ptr<EffectContext> context, const std::string& name,
-                                   int priority, int sleepUs /* kSleepTimeUs */) {
+                                   int priority) {
     if (mThread.joinable()) {
-        LOG(WARNING) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << " thread already created, no-op";
+        LOG(WARNING) << mName << __func__ << " thread already created, no-op";
         return RetCode::SUCCESS;
     }
     mName = name;
     mPriority = priority;
-    mSleepTimeUs = sleepUs;
     {
         std::lock_guard lg(mThreadMutex);
         mThreadContext = std::move(context);
+        auto statusMQ = mThreadContext->getStatusFmq();
+        EventFlag* efGroup = nullptr;
+        ::android::status_t status =
+                EventFlag::createEventFlag(statusMQ->getEventFlagWord(), &efGroup);
+        if (status != ::android::OK || !efGroup) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << mName << __func__ << " create EventFlagGroup failed " << status
+                       << " efGroup " << efGroup;
+            return RetCode::ERROR_THREAD;
+        }
+        mEfGroup.reset(efGroup);
+        // kickoff and wait for commands (CommandId::START/STOP) or IEffect.close from client
+        mEfGroup->wake(kEventFlagNotEmpty);
     }
+
     mThread = std::thread(&EffectThread::threadLoop, this);
-    LOG(DEBUG) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << " priority " << mPriority << " done";
+    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__ << " priority " << mPriority << " done";
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -66,37 +83,31 @@
         std::lock_guard lg(mThreadMutex);
         mThreadContext.reset();
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << " done";
+    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__;
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 RetCode EffectThread::startThread() {
-    return handleStartStop(false /* stop */);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lg(mThreadMutex);
+        mStop = false;
+        mCv.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    mEfGroup->wake(kEventFlagNotEmpty);
+    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__;
+    return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 RetCode EffectThread::stopThread() {
-    return handleStartStop(true /* stop */);
-}
-
-RetCode EffectThread::handleStartStop(bool stop) {
-    if (!mThread.joinable()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << ": "
-                   << " thread already destroyed";
-        return RetCode::ERROR_THREAD;
-    }
-
     {
         std::lock_guard lg(mThreadMutex);
-        if (stop == mStop) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << ": "
-                         << " already " << (stop ? "stop" : "start");
-            return RetCode::SUCCESS;
-        }
-        mStop = stop;
+        mStop = true;
+        mCv.notify_one();
     }
 
-    mCv.notify_one();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << ": " << mName << (stop ? " stop done" : " start done");
+    mEfGroup->wake(kEventFlagNotEmpty);
+    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__;
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -104,42 +115,42 @@
     pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), mName.substr(0, kMaxTaskNameLen - 1).c_str());
     setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, mPriority);
     while (true) {
-        std::unique_lock l(mThreadMutex);
-        ::android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mThreadMutex);
-        mCv.wait(l, [&]() REQUIRES(mThreadMutex) { return mExit || !mStop; });
-        if (mExit) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " EXIT!";
-            return;
+        /**
+         * wait for the EventFlag without lock, it's ok because the mEfGroup pointer will not change
+         * in the life cycle of workerThread (threadLoop).
+         */
+        uint32_t efState = 0;
+        mEfGroup->wait(kEventFlagNotEmpty, &efState);
+
+        {
+            std::unique_lock l(mThreadMutex);
+            ::android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mThreadMutex);
+            mCv.wait(l, [&]() REQUIRES(mThreadMutex) { return mExit || !mStop; });
+            if (mExit) {
+                LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " EXIT!";
+                return;
+            }
+            process_l();
         }
-        process_l();
     }
 }
 
 void EffectThread::process_l() {
     RETURN_VALUE_IF(!mThreadContext, void(), "nullContext");
-    std::shared_ptr<EffectContext::StatusMQ> statusMQ = mThreadContext->getStatusFmq();
-    std::shared_ptr<EffectContext::DataMQ> inputMQ = mThreadContext->getInputDataFmq();
-    std::shared_ptr<EffectContext::DataMQ> outputMQ = mThreadContext->getOutputDataFmq();
+
+    auto statusMQ = mThreadContext->getStatusFmq();
+    auto inputMQ = mThreadContext->getInputDataFmq();
+    auto outputMQ = mThreadContext->getOutputDataFmq();
     auto buffer = mThreadContext->getWorkBuffer();
 
-    // Only this worker will read from input data MQ and write to output data MQ.
-    auto readSamples = inputMQ->availableToRead(), writeSamples = outputMQ->availableToWrite();
-    if (readSamples && writeSamples) {
-        auto processSamples = std::min(readSamples, writeSamples);
-        LOG(DEBUG) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << ": "
-                   << " available to read " << readSamples << " available to write " << writeSamples
-                   << " process " << processSamples;
-
+    auto processSamples = inputMQ->availableToRead();
+    if (processSamples) {
         inputMQ->read(buffer, processSamples);
-
         IEffect::Status status = effectProcessImpl(buffer, buffer, processSamples);
         outputMQ->write(buffer, status.fmqProduced);
         statusMQ->writeBlocking(&status, 1);
-        LOG(DEBUG) << "-" << mName << "-" << __func__ << ": "
-                   << " done processing, effect consumed " << status.fmqConsumed << " produced "
-                   << status.fmqProduced;
-    } else {
-        usleep(mSleepTimeUs);
+        LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__ << ": done processing, effect consumed "
+                   << status.fmqConsumed << " produced " << status.fmqProduced;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h
index 8b4a7d2..22cdb6b 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectContext.h
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
         size_t inBufferSizeInFloat = input.frameCount * mInputFrameSize / sizeof(float);
         size_t outBufferSizeInFloat = output.frameCount * mOutputFrameSize / sizeof(float);
 
+        // only status FMQ use the EventFlag
         mStatusMQ = std::make_shared<StatusMQ>(statusDepth, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/);
         mInputMQ = std::make_shared<DataMQ>(inBufferSizeInFloat);
         mOutputMQ = std::make_shared<DataMQ>(outBufferSizeInFloat);
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
         return RetCode::SUCCESS;
     }
     virtual Parameter::Common getCommon() {
-        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
         return mCommon;
     }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h
index f9c6a31..ae51ef7 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h
@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <fmq/EventFlag.h>
 #include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #include "effect-impl/EffectContext.h"
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@
 
     // called by effect implementation.
     RetCode createThread(std::shared_ptr<EffectContext> context, const std::string& name,
-                         int priority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO, int sleepUs = kSleepTimeUs);
+                         int priority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO);
     RetCode destroyThread();
     RetCode startThread();
     RetCode stopThread();
@@ -73,17 +75,23 @@
 
   private:
     static constexpr int kMaxTaskNameLen = 15;
-    static constexpr int kSleepTimeUs = 2000;  // in micro-second
+
     std::mutex mThreadMutex;
     std::condition_variable mCv;
-    bool mExit GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex) = false;
     bool mStop GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex) = true;
+    bool mExit GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex) = false;
     std::shared_ptr<EffectContext> mThreadContext GUARDED_BY(mThreadMutex);
+
+    struct EventFlagDeleter {
+        void operator()(::android::hardware::EventFlag* flag) const {
+            if (flag) {
+                ::android::hardware::EventFlag::deleteEventFlag(&flag);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    std::unique_ptr<::android::hardware::EventFlag, EventFlagDeleter> mEfGroup;
     std::thread mThread;
     int mPriority;
-    int mSleepTimeUs = kSleepTimeUs;  // sleep time in micro-second
     std::string mName;
-
-    RetCode handleStartStop(bool stop);
 };
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
index 89895bf..ecdbd5c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
     std::vector<int> sampleRates = populateSampleRatesFromProfile(&profile);
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(MAX_PROFILE_FORMATS, AUDIO_PORT_MAX_AUDIO_PROFILES) &&
-                       profile.formats[i] != 0;
+                       profile.formats[i] != PCM_FORMAT_INVALID;
          ++i) {
         auto audioFormatDescription =
                 usb::legacy2aidl_pcm_format_AudioFormatDescription(profile.formats[i]);
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h b/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
index 831977b..4e84f6b 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::CommandId;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IEffect;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::kEventFlagNotEmpty;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Parameter;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Range;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::State;
@@ -50,6 +51,7 @@
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
+using ::android::hardware::EventFlag;
 
 const AudioFormatDescription kDefaultFormatDescription = {
         .type = AudioFormatType::PCM, .pcm = PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT, .encoding = ""};
@@ -145,12 +147,20 @@
         buffer.resize(floatsToWrite);
         std::fill(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), 0x5a);
     }
-    static void writeToFmq(std::unique_ptr<DataMQ>& mq, const std::vector<float>& buffer) {
-        const size_t available = mq->availableToWrite();
+    static void writeToFmq(std::unique_ptr<StatusMQ>& statusMq, std::unique_ptr<DataMQ>& dataMq,
+                           const std::vector<float>& buffer) {
+        const size_t available = dataMq->availableToWrite();
         ASSERT_NE(0Ul, available);
         auto bufferFloats = buffer.size();
         auto floatsToWrite = std::min(available, bufferFloats);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mq->write(buffer.data(), floatsToWrite));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(dataMq->write(buffer.data(), floatsToWrite));
+
+        EventFlag* efGroup;
+        ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK,
+                  EventFlag::createEventFlag(statusMq->getEventFlagWord(), &efGroup));
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, efGroup);
+        efGroup->wake(kEventFlagNotEmpty);
+        ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK, EventFlag::deleteEventFlag(&efGroup));
     }
     static void readFromFmq(std::unique_ptr<StatusMQ>& statusMq, size_t statusNum,
                             std::unique_ptr<DataMQ>& dataMq, size_t expectFloats,
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
index d8ad6c9..436f2a3 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
@@ -597,7 +597,7 @@
 
     std::vector<float> buffer;
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common, inputMQ, buffer));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 1, outputMQ, buffer.size(), buffer));
 
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(expectState(mEffect, State::PROCESSING));
 
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common, inputMQ, buffer));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 1, outputMQ, buffer.size(), buffer));
 
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@
 
     std::vector<float> buffer;
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common, inputMQ, buffer));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::START));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(expectState(mEffect, State::PROCESSING));
@@ -699,7 +699,7 @@
 
     std::vector<float> buffer;
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common, inputMQ, buffer));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 0, outputMQ, 0, buffer));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::START));
@@ -708,7 +708,7 @@
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 1, outputMQ, buffer.size(), buffer));
 
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 1, outputMQ, buffer.size(), buffer));
 
@@ -740,13 +740,13 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(expectState(mEffect, State::PROCESSING));
     std::vector<float> buffer;
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common, inputMQ, buffer));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 1, outputMQ, buffer.size(), buffer));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::STOP));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(expectState(mEffect, State::IDLE));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 0, outputMQ, 0, buffer));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(command(mEffect, CommandId::START));
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@
 
     std::vector<float> buffer;
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common, inputMQ, buffer));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ, buffer));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ, inputMQ, buffer));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ, 0, outputMQ, 0, buffer));
 
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
@@ -816,7 +816,7 @@
 
     std::vector<float> buffer1, buffer2;
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common1, inputMQ1, buffer1));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ1, buffer1));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ1, inputMQ1, buffer1));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ1, 1, outputMQ1, buffer1.size(), buffer1));
 
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@
     auto outputMQ2 = std::make_unique<EffectHelper::DataMQ>(ret2.outputDataMQ);
     ASSERT_TRUE(outputMQ2->isValid());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::allocateInputData(common2, inputMQ2, buffer2));
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(inputMQ2, buffer2));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(EffectHelper::writeToFmq(statusMQ2, inputMQ2, buffer2));
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             EffectHelper::readFromFmq(statusMQ2, 1, outputMQ2, buffer2.size(), buffer2));
 
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/Android.bp b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/Android.bp
index dde05c3..435c2d6 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.audio.common@7.0-enums",
         "android.hardware.audio.common-V1-ndk",
-        "android.frameworks.automotive.powerpolicy-V1-ndk",
+        "android.frameworks.automotive.powerpolicy-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol-V3-ndk",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
diff --git a/automotive/evs/aidl/vts/VtsHalEvsTargetTest.cpp b/automotive/evs/aidl/vts/VtsHalEvsTargetTest.cpp
index a6d99ad..3419b3c 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/aidl/vts/VtsHalEvsTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/aidl/vts/VtsHalEvsTargetTest.cpp
@@ -2291,11 +2291,12 @@
             }
             for (const auto displayIdToQuery : displayIds) {
                 DisplayState state;
-                if (displayIdToQuery == displayId) {
-                    EXPECT_TRUE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
+                bool get_state_ok =
+                        mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk();
+                if (displayIdToQuery != displayId) {
+                    EXPECT_FALSE(get_state_ok);
+                } else if (get_state_ok) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(state, DisplayState::NOT_VISIBLE);
-                } else {
-                    EXPECT_FALSE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
                 }
             }
 
@@ -2313,11 +2314,12 @@
             }
             for (const auto displayIdToQuery : displayIds) {
                 DisplayState state;
-                if (displayIdToQuery == displayId) {
-                    EXPECT_TRUE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
+                bool get_state_ok =
+                        mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk();
+                if (displayIdToQuery != displayId) {
+                    EXPECT_FALSE(get_state_ok);
+                } else if (get_state_ok) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(state, DisplayState::VISIBLE_ON_NEXT_FRAME);
-                } else {
-                    EXPECT_FALSE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
                 }
             }
 
@@ -2343,11 +2345,12 @@
             }
             for (const auto displayIdToQuery : displayIds) {
                 DisplayState state;
-                if (displayIdToQuery == displayId) {
-                    EXPECT_TRUE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
+                bool get_state_ok =
+                        mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk();
+                if (displayIdToQuery != displayId) {
+                    EXPECT_FALSE(get_state_ok);
+                } else if (get_state_ok) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(state, DisplayState::VISIBLE);
-                } else {
-                    EXPECT_FALSE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
                 }
             }
 
@@ -2366,11 +2369,12 @@
             }
             for (const auto displayIdToQuery : displayIds) {
                 DisplayState state;
-                if (displayIdToQuery == displayId) {
-                    EXPECT_TRUE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
+                bool get_state_ok =
+                        mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk();
+                if (displayIdToQuery != displayId) {
+                    EXPECT_FALSE(get_state_ok);
+                } else if (get_state_ok) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(state, DisplayState::NOT_VISIBLE);
-                } else {
-                    EXPECT_FALSE(mEnumerator->getDisplayStateById(displayIdToQuery, &state).isOk());
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e312a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,3460 @@
+[
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleApPowerStateReqIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "STATE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ADDITIONAL",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "EvChargeState",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CHARGING",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FULLY_CHARGED",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "NOT_CHARGING",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ERROR",
+        "value": 4
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "TrailerState",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "NOT_PRESENT",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PRESENT",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ERROR",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "ProcessTerminationReason",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "NOT_RESPONDING",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IO_OVERUSE",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MEMORY_OVERUSE",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleApPowerStateConfigFlag",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "ENABLE_DEEP_SLEEP_FLAG",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CONFIG_SUPPORT_TIMER_POWER_ON_FLAG",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "ENABLE_HIBERNATION_FLAG",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2FuelType",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "NOT_AVAILABLE",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "GASOLINE",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "METHANOL",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "ETHANOL",
+        "value": 3
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+      {
+        "name": "DIESEL",
+        "value": 4
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+      {
+        "name": "LPG",
+        "value": 5
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+      {
+        "name": "CNG",
+        "value": 6
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+      {
+        "name": "PROPANE",
+        "value": 7
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+      {
+        "name": "ELECTRIC",
+        "value": 8
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_GASOLINE",
+        "value": 9
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_METHANOL",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_ETHANOL",
+        "value": 11
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_LPG",
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_CNG",
+        "value": 13
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_PROPANE",
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_ELECTRIC",
+        "value": 15
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_ELECTRIC_AND_COMBUSTION",
+        "value": 16
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+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_GASOLINE",
+        "value": 17
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+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_ETHANOL",
+        "value": 18
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+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_DIESEL",
+        "value": 19
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+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_ELECTRIC",
+        "value": 20
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+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_RUNNING_ELECTRIC_AND_COMBUSTION",
+        "value": 21
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+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_REGENERATIVE",
+        "value": 22
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+      {
+        "name": "BIFUEL_RUNNING_DIESEL",
+        "value": 23
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsSubscriptionsStateIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "SEQUENCE_NUMBER",
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+      {
+        "name": "NUMBER_OF_LAYERS",
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+      {
+        "name": "NUMBER_OF_ASSOCIATED_LAYERS",
+        "value": 3
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+      {
+        "name": "SUBSCRIPTIONS_START",
+        "value": 4
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleArea",
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+        "name": "GLOBAL",
+        "value": 16777216
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+        "name": "WINDOW",
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+        "name": "MIRROR",
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+        "name": "WHEEL",
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+      {
+        "name": "MASK",
+        "value": 251658240
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+    "name": "VehicleAreaWindow",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "FRONT_WINDSHIELD",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "REAR_WINDSHIELD",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_LEFT",
+        "value": 16
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+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_RIGHT",
+        "value": 64
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+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_LEFT",
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+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_RIGHT",
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+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_LEFT",
+        "value": 4096
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+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_RIGHT",
+        "value": 16384
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+      {
+        "name": "ROOF_TOP_1",
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+      {
+        "name": "ROOF_TOP_2",
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "ElectronicTollCollectionCardStatus",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "ELECTRONIC_TOLL_COLLECTION_CARD_VALID",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "ELECTRONIC_TOLL_COLLECTION_CARD_INVALID",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "ELECTRONIC_TOLL_COLLECTION_CARD_NOT_INSERTED",
+        "value": 3
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+  {
+    "name": "VehiclePropertyType",
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+        "name": "STRING",
+        "value": 1048576
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+      {
+        "name": "BOOLEAN",
+        "value": 2097152
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+      {
+        "name": "INT32",
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+      {
+        "name": "INT32_VEC",
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+      {
+        "name": "INT64",
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+        "name": "INT64_VEC",
+        "value": 5308416
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+      {
+        "name": "FLOAT",
+        "value": 6291456
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+      {
+        "name": "FLOAT_VEC",
+        "value": 6356992
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+      {
+        "name": "BYTES",
+        "value": 7340032
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+      {
+        "name": "MIXED",
+        "value": 14680064
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+      {
+        "name": "MASK",
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+  {
+    "name": "StatusCode",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "OK",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "TRY_AGAIN",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "INVALID_ARG",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "NOT_AVAILABLE",
+        "value": 3
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+      {
+        "name": "ACCESS_DENIED",
+        "value": 4
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+      {
+        "name": "INTERNAL_ERROR",
+        "value": 5
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "CreateUserStatus",
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+        "name": "SUCCESS",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "FAILURE",
+        "value": 2
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "ElectronicTollCollectionCardType",
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+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "JP_ELECTRONIC_TOLL_COLLECTION_CARD",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "JP_ELECTRONIC_TOLL_COLLECTION_CARD_V2",
+        "value": 2
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleAreaMirror",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "DRIVER_LEFT",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "DRIVER_RIGHT",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "DRIVER_CENTER",
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+    ]
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+  {
+    "name": "InitialUserInfoResponseAction",
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+        "name": "DEFAULT",
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+      {
+        "name": "SWITCH",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "CREATE",
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleHvacFanDirection",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FACE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FLOOR",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "FACE_AND_FLOOR",
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+      {
+        "name": "DEFROST",
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+      {
+        "name": "DEFROST_AND_FLOOR",
+        "value": 6
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2SecondaryAirStatus",
+    "values": [
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+        "name": "UPSTREAM",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "DOWNSTREAM_OF_CATALYCIC_CONVERTER",
+        "value": 2
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+      {
+        "name": "FROM_OUTSIDE_OR_OFF",
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+      {
+        "name": "PUMP_ON_FOR_DIAGNOSTICS",
+        "value": 8
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsStartSessionMessageIntegerValuesIndex",
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+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "SERVICE_ID",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CLIENT_ID",
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleOilLevel",
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+        "name": "CRITICALLY_LOW",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "LOW",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "NORMAL",
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+      {
+        "name": "HIGH",
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+      {
+        "name": "ERROR",
+        "value": 4
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleUnit",
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+        "name": "SHOULD_NOT_USE",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "METER_PER_SEC",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "RPM",
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+      {
+        "name": "HERTZ",
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+      {
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+      {
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+      {
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+      {
+        "name": "KILOMETER",
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+      {
+        "name": "MILE",
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+      {
+        "name": "CELSIUS",
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+      {
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+      {
+        "name": "KELVIN",
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+      {
+        "name": "LITER",
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+      {
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+      {
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+      {
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+      {
+        "name": "YEAR",
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+      {
+        "name": "WATT_HOUR",
+        "value": 96
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+      {
+        "name": "MILLIAMPERE",
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+      {
+        "name": "MILLIVOLT",
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+      {
+        "name": "MILLIWATTS",
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+      {
+        "name": "AMPERE_HOURS",
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+      {
+        "name": "KILOWATT_HOUR",
+        "value": 101
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+      {
+        "name": "AMPERE",
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+      {
+        "name": "KILOPASCAL",
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+      {
+        "name": "PSI",
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+      {
+        "name": "BAR",
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+      {
+        "name": "DEGREES",
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+      {
+        "name": "MILES_PER_HOUR",
+        "value": 144
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+      {
+        "name": "KILOMETERS_PER_HOUR",
+        "value": 145
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+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleAreaWheel",
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+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "LEFT_FRONT",
+        "value": 1
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+      {
+        "name": "RIGHT_FRONT",
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+      {
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+      {
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+      {
+        "name": "ON",
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+    "name": "VehicleSeatOccupancyState",
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+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
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+      {
+        "name": "VACANT",
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+      {
+        "name": "OCCUPIED",
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+  {
+    "name": "VehicleProperty",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "Manufacturer of vehicle",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Model year of vehicle.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:YEAR"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:MILLILITER"
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
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+      {
+        "name": "INFO_EV_BATTERY_CAPACITY",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:WH"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "data_enum": "EvConnectorType",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "data_enum": "PortLocationType",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "PortLocationType"
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+      {
+        "name": "INFO_DRIVER_SEAT",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleAreaSeat",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "Exterior dimensions of vehicle.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:MILLIMETER"
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+      {
+        "name": "Multiple EV port locations",
+        "value": 289472780,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "PortLocationType"
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+      {
+        "name": "Current odometer value of the vehicle",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:KILOMETER"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:METER_PER_SEC"
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+      {
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:METER_PER_SEC"
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+      {
+        "name": "Front bicycle model steering angle for vehicle",
+        "value": 291504649,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:DEGREES"
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:DEGREES"
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+      {
+        "name": "Temperature of engine coolant",
+        "value": 291504897,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:CELSIUS"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Engine oil level",
+        "value": 289407747,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleOilLevel"
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+      {
+        "name": "Temperature of engine oil",
+        "value": 291504900,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:CELSIUS"
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+      {
+        "name": "Engine rpm",
+        "value": 291504901,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:RPM"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Reports wheel ticks",
+        "value": 290521862,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:MILLILITER"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Fuel door open",
+        "value": 287310600,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "EV_BATTERY_LEVEL",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:WH"
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+      {
+        "name": "EV charge port open",
+        "value": 287310602,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "EV charge port connected",
+        "value": 287310603,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "EV instantaneous charge rate in milliwatts",
+        "value": 291504908,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:MW"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Range remaining",
+        "value": 291504904,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:METER"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Tire pressure",
+        "value": 392168201,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:KILOPASCAL"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Critically low tire pressure",
+        "value": 392168202,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:KILOPASCAL"
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+      {
+        "name": "Currently selected gear",
+        "value": 289408000,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleGear"
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+      {
+        "name": "CURRENT_GEAR",
+        "value": 289408001,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleGear"
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+      {
+        "name": "Parking brake state.",
+        "value": 287310850,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PARKING_BRAKE_AUTO_APPLY",
+        "value": 287310851,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Warning for fuel low level.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "Night mode",
+        "value": 287310855,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "State of the vehicles turn signals",
+        "value": 289408008,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleTurnSignal"
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+      {
+        "name": "Represents ignition state",
+        "value": 289408009,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleIgnitionState"
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+      {
+        "name": "ABS is active",
+        "value": 287310858,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "Traction Control is active",
+        "value": 287310859,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_FAN_SPEED",
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+      {
+        "name": "Fan direction setting",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleHvacFanDirection"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC current temperature.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:CELSIUS"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:CELSIUS"
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+        "name": "HVAC_DEFROSTER",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_AC_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "config_flags": "Supported"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_MAX_AC_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "HVAC_MAX_DEFROST_ON",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "HVAC_RECIRC_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Enable temperature coupling between areas.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_AUTO_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_SEAT_TEMPERATURE",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Side Mirror Heat",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_STEERING_WHEEL_HEAT",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Temperature units for display",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleUnit"
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+      {
+        "name": "Actual fan speed",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_POWER_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Fan Positions Available",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleHvacFanDirection"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_AUTO_RECIRC_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Seat ventilation",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "HVAC_ELECTRIC_DEFROSTER_ON",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Suggested values for setting HVAC temperature.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Distance units for display",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleUnit"
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+      {
+        "name": "Fuel volume units for display",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleUnit"
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+      {
+        "name": "Tire pressure units for display",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleUnit"
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+      {
+        "name": "EV battery units for display",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleUnit"
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+        "name": "Fuel consumption units for display",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Speed units for display",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "ANDROID_EPOCH_TIME",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE_ONLY",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:MILLI_SECS"
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+      {
+        "name": "External encryption binding seed.",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:CELSIUS"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+        "name": "Property to report power state of application processor",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "AP_POWER_BOOTUP_REASON",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "HW_KEY_INPUT",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "config_flags": ""
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+        "name": "HW_ROTARY_INPUT",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "data_enum": "RotaryInputType",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "Defines a custom OEM partner input event.",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "data_enum": "CustomInputType",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "Door lock",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Mirror Z Position",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Mirror Z Move",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Mirror Y Position",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Mirror Y Move",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Mirror Lock",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Mirror Fold",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Seat memory select",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
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+        "name": "Seat memory set",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Seatbelt buckled",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "Seatbelt height position",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "Seatbelt height move",
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "Seat Occupancy",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleSeatOccupancyState"
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+      {
+        "name": "Window Position",
+        "value": 322964416,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "Window Move",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+      {
+        "name": "VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
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+        "name": "OBD2 Live Sensor Data",
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+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
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+      {
+        "name": "OBD2 Freeze Frame Sensor Data",
+        "value": 299896065,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OBD2 Freeze Frame Information",
+        "value": 299896066,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OBD2 Freeze Frame Clear",
+        "value": 299896067,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Headlights State",
+        "value": 289410560,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
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+      {
+        "name": "High beam lights state",
+        "value": 289410561,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
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+      {
+        "name": "Fog light state",
+        "value": 289410562,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
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+      {
+        "name": "Hazard light status",
+        "value": 289410563,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Headlight switch",
+        "value": 289410576,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "High beam light switch",
+        "value": 289410577,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Fog light switch",
+        "value": 289410578,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Hazard light switch",
+        "value": 289410579,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
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+      {
+        "name": "Cabin lights",
+        "value": 289410817,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Cabin lights switch",
+        "value": 289410818,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Reading lights",
+        "value": 356519683,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Reading lights switch",
+        "value": 356519684,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Support customize permissions for vendor properties",
+        "value": 287313669,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Allow disabling optional featurs from vhal.",
+        "value": 286265094,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Defines the initial Android user to be used during initialization.",
+        "value": 299896583,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Defines a request to switch the foreground Android user.",
+        "value": 299896584,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Called by the Android System after an Android user was created.",
+        "value": 299896585,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Called by the Android System after an Android user was removed.",
+        "value": 299896586,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "USER_IDENTIFICATION_ASSOCIATION",
+        "value": 299896587,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "EVS_SERVICE_REQUEST",
+        "value": 289476368,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Defines a request to apply power policy.",
+        "value": 286265121,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "POWER_POLICY_GROUP_REQ",
+        "value": 286265122,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Notifies the current power policy to VHAL layer.",
+        "value": 286265123,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "WATCHDOG_ALIVE",
+        "value": 290459441,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Defines a process terminated by car watchdog and the reason of termination.",
+        "value": 299896626,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Defines an event that VHAL signals to car watchdog as a heartbeat.",
+        "value": 290459443,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Starts the ClusterUI in cluster display.",
+        "value": 289410868,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Changes the state of the cluster display.",
+        "value": 289476405,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Reports the current display state and ClusterUI state.",
+        "value": 299896630,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Requests to change the cluster display state to show some ClusterUI.",
+        "value": 289410871,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Informs the current navigation state.",
+        "value": 292556600,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Electronic Toll Collection card type.",
+        "value": 289410873,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "ElectronicTollCollectionCardType"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Electronic Toll Collection card status.",
+        "value": 289410874,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "ElectronicTollCollectionCardStatus"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Front fog lights state",
+        "value": 289410875,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Front fog lights switch",
+        "value": 289410876,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Rear fog lights state",
+        "value": 289410877,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Rear fog lights switch",
+        "value": 289410878,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "data_enum": "VehicleLightSwitch"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Indicates the maximum current draw threshold for charging set by the user",
+        "value": 291508031,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:AMPERE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Indicates the maximum charge percent threshold set by the user",
+        "value": 291508032,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Charging state of the car",
+        "value": 289410881,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "EvChargeState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Start or stop charging the EV battery",
+        "value": 287313730,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Estimated charge time remaining in seconds",
+        "value": 289410883,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:SECS"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "EV_REGENERATIVE_BRAKING_STATE",
+        "value": 289410884,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "EvRegenerativeBrakingState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "Indicates if there is a trailer present or not.",
+        "value": 289410885,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "data_enum": "TrailerState"
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "VEHICLE_CURB_WEIGHT",
+        "value": 289410886,
+        "change_mode": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode:STATIC",
+        "access": "VehiclePropertyAccess:READ",
+        "unit": "VehicleUnit:KILOGRAM"
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "EvsServiceType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "REARVIEW",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SURROUNDVIEW",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehiclePropertyChangeMode",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "STATIC",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ON_CHANGE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CONTINUOUS",
+        "value": 2
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2CompressionIgnitionMonitors",
+    "values": []
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleLightState",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "OFF",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ON",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DAYTIME_RUNNING",
+        "value": 2
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "SwitchUserMessageType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LEGACY_ANDROID_SWITCH",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ANDROID_SWITCH",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "VEHICLE_RESPONSE",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "VEHICLE_REQUEST",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ANDROID_POST_SWITCH",
+        "value": 5
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "PortLocationType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FRONT_LEFT",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FRONT_RIGHT",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "REAR_RIGHT",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "REAR_LEFT",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FRONT",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "REAR",
+        "value": 6
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehiclePropertyStatus",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "AVAILABLE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "UNAVAILABLE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ERROR",
+        "value": 2
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleDisplay",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MAIN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "INSTRUMENT_CLUSTER",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "SwitchUserStatus",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "SUCCESS",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FAILURE",
+        "value": 2
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "InitialUserInfoRequestType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FIRST_BOOT",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FIRST_BOOT_AFTER_OTA",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "COLD_BOOT",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "RESUME",
+        "value": 4
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "UserIdentificationAssociationSetValue",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "INVALID",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ASSOCIATE_CURRENT_USER",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DISASSOCIATE_CURRENT_USER",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DISASSOCIATE_ALL_USERS",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleAreaDoor",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_LEFT",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_RIGHT",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_LEFT",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_RIGHT",
+        "value": 64
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_LEFT",
+        "value": 256
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_RIGHT",
+        "value": 1024
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "HOOD",
+        "value": 268435456
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "REAR",
+        "value": 536870912
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleLightSwitch",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "OFF",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ON",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DAYTIME_RUNNING",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "AUTOMATIC",
+        "value": 256
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleGear",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_NEUTRAL",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_REVERSE",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_PARK",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_DRIVE",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_1",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_2",
+        "value": 32
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_3",
+        "value": 64
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_4",
+        "value": 128
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_5",
+        "value": 256
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_6",
+        "value": 512
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_7",
+        "value": 1024
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_8",
+        "value": 2048
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GEAR_9",
+        "value": 4096
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2IgnitionMonitorKind",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "SPARK",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "COMPRESSION",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "CustomInputType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F1",
+        "value": 1001
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F2",
+        "value": 1002
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F3",
+        "value": 1003
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F4",
+        "value": 1004
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F5",
+        "value": 1005
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F6",
+        "value": 1006
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F7",
+        "value": 1007
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F8",
+        "value": 1008
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F9",
+        "value": 1009
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_EVENT_F10",
+        "value": 1010
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleApPowerStateReport",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "WAIT_FOR_VHAL",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DEEP_SLEEP_ENTRY",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DEEP_SLEEP_EXIT",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_POSTPONE",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_START",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ON",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_PREPARE",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_CANCELLED",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "HIBERNATION_ENTRY",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "HIBERNATION_EXIT",
+        "value": 10
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsMessageWithLayerIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYER_TYPE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYER_SUBTYPE",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYER_VERSION",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "EvRegenerativeBrakingState",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DISABLED",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PARTIALLY_ENABLED",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FULLY_ENABLED",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehiclePropertyGroup",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "SYSTEM",
+        "value": 268435456
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "VENDOR",
+        "value": 536870912
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MASK",
+        "value": 4026531840
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleIgnitionState",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNDEFINED",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LOCK",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OFF",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ACC",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ON",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "START",
+        "value": 5
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleHwKeyInputAction",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "ACTION_DOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ACTION_UP",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "DiagnosticIntegerSensorIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_SYSTEM_STATUS",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MALFUNCTION_INDICATOR_LIGHT_ON",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IGNITION_MONITORS_SUPPORTED",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IGNITION_SPECIFIC_MONITORS",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "INTAKE_AIR_TEMPERATURE",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "COMMANDED_SECONDARY_AIR_STATUS",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "NUM_OXYGEN_SENSORS_PRESENT",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "RUNTIME_SINCE_ENGINE_START",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DISTANCE_TRAVELED_WITH_MALFUNCTION_INDICATOR_LIGHT_ON",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "WARMUPS_SINCE_CODES_CLEARED",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DISTANCE_TRAVELED_SINCE_CODES_CLEARED",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ABSOLUTE_BAROMETRIC_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 11
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CONTROL_MODULE_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 12
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "AMBIENT_AIR_TEMPERATURE",
+        "value": 13
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "TIME_WITH_MALFUNCTION_LIGHT_ON",
+        "value": 14
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "TIME_SINCE_TROUBLE_CODES_CLEARED",
+        "value": 15
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MAX_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MAX_OXYGEN_SENSOR_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 17
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MAX_OXYGEN_SENSOR_CURRENT",
+        "value": 18
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MAX_INTAKE_MANIFOLD_ABSOLUTE_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 19
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MAX_AIR_FLOW_RATE_FROM_MASS_AIR_FLOW_SENSOR",
+        "value": 20
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE",
+        "value": 21
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_RAIL_ABSOLUTE_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 22
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_OIL_TEMPERATURE",
+        "value": 23
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DRIVER_DEMAND_PERCENT_TORQUE",
+        "value": 24
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_ACTUAL_PERCENT_TORQUE",
+        "value": 25
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_REFERENCE_PERCENT_TORQUE",
+        "value": 26
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_PERCENT_TORQUE_DATA_IDLE",
+        "value": 27
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_PERCENT_TORQUE_DATA_POINT1",
+        "value": 28
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_PERCENT_TORQUE_DATA_POINT2",
+        "value": 29
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_PERCENT_TORQUE_DATA_POINT3",
+        "value": 30
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_PERCENT_TORQUE_DATA_POINT4",
+        "value": 31
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "UserIdentificationAssociationValue",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ASSOCIATED_CURRENT_USER",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ASSOCIATED_ANOTHER_USER",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "NOT_ASSOCIATED_ANY_USER",
+        "value": 4
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsBaseMessageIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "DiagnosticFloatSensorIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "CALCULATED_ENGINE_LOAD",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_COOLANT_TEMPERATURE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM_BANK1",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LONG_TERM_FUEL_TRIM_BANK1",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM_BANK2",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LONG_TERM_FUEL_TRIM_BANK2",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "INTAKE_MANIFOLD_ABSOLUTE_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_RPM",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "VEHICLE_SPEED",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "TIMING_ADVANCE",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "MAF_AIR_FLOW_RATE",
+        "value": 11
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "THROTTLE_POSITION",
+        "value": 12
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR1_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 13
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR1_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 14
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR1_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 15
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR2_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR2_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 17
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR2_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 18
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR3_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 19
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR3_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 20
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR3_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 21
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR4_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 22
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR4_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 23
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR4_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 24
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR5_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 25
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR5_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 26
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR5_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 27
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR6_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 28
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR6_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 29
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR6_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 30
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR7_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 31
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR7_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 32
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR7_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 33
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR8_VOLTAGE",
+        "value": 34
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR8_SHORT_TERM_FUEL_TRIM",
+        "value": 35
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OXYGEN_SENSOR8_FUEL_AIR_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 36
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_RAIL_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 37
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_RAIL_GAUGE_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 38
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "COMMANDED_EXHAUST_GAS_RECIRCULATION",
+        "value": 39
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "EXHAUST_GAS_RECIRCULATION_ERROR",
+        "value": 40
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "COMMANDED_EVAPORATIVE_PURGE",
+        "value": 41
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TANK_LEVEL_INPUT",
+        "value": 42
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "EVAPORATION_SYSTEM_VAPOR_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 43
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CATALYST_TEMPERATURE_BANK1_SENSOR1",
+        "value": 44
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CATALYST_TEMPERATURE_BANK2_SENSOR1",
+        "value": 45
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CATALYST_TEMPERATURE_BANK1_SENSOR2",
+        "value": 46
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CATALYST_TEMPERATURE_BANK2_SENSOR2",
+        "value": 47
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ABSOLUTE_LOAD_VALUE",
+        "value": 48
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_AIR_COMMANDED_EQUIVALENCE_RATIO",
+        "value": 49
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "RELATIVE_THROTTLE_POSITION",
+        "value": 50
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ABSOLUTE_THROTTLE_POSITION_B",
+        "value": 51
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ABSOLUTE_THROTTLE_POSITION_C",
+        "value": 52
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_POSITION_D",
+        "value": 53
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_POSITION_E",
+        "value": 54
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_POSITION_F",
+        "value": 55
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "COMMANDED_THROTTLE_ACTUATOR",
+        "value": 56
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ETHANOL_FUEL_PERCENTAGE",
+        "value": 57
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ABSOLUTE_EVAPORATION_SYSTEM_VAPOR_PRESSURE",
+        "value": 58
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHORT_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK1",
+        "value": 59
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHORT_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK2",
+        "value": 60
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHORT_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK3",
+        "value": 61
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHORT_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK4",
+        "value": 62
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LONG_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK1",
+        "value": 63
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LONG_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK2",
+        "value": 64
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LONG_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK3",
+        "value": 65
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LONG_TERM_SECONDARY_OXYGEN_SENSOR_TRIM_BANK4",
+        "value": 66
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "RELATIVE_ACCELERATOR_PEDAL_POSITION",
+        "value": 67
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "HYBRID_BATTERY_PACK_REMAINING_LIFE",
+        "value": 68
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_INJECTION_TIMING",
+        "value": 69
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ENGINE_FUEL_RATE",
+        "value": 70
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsMessageWithLayerAndPublisherIdIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYER_TYPE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYER_SUBTYPE",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYER_VERSION",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_ID",
+        "value": 4
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "FuelType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_UNLEADED",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_LEADED",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_DIESEL_1",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_DIESEL_2",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_BIODIESEL",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_E85",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_LPG",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_CNG",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_LNG",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_ELECTRIC",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_HYDROGEN",
+        "value": 11
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FUEL_TYPE_OTHER",
+        "value": 12
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleApPowerStateReq",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "ON",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_PREPARE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CANCEL_SHUTDOWN",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "FINISHED",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsMessageType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "SUBSCRIBE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SUBSCRIBE_TO_PUBLISHER",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "UNSUBSCRIBE",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "UNSUBSCRIBE_TO_PUBLISHER",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OFFERING",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "AVAILABILITY_REQUEST",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SUBSCRIPTIONS_REQUEST",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "AVAILABILITY_RESPONSE",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "AVAILABILITY_CHANGE",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SUBSCRIPTIONS_RESPONSE",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE",
+        "value": 11
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "DATA",
+        "value": 12
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_ID_REQUEST",
+        "value": 13
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_ID_RESPONSE",
+        "value": 14
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_INFORMATION_REQUEST",
+        "value": 15
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_INFORMATION_RESPONSE",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "START_SESSION",
+        "value": 17
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2CommonIgnitionMonitors",
+    "values": []
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "UserIdentificationAssociationType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "INVALID",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "KEY_FOB",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_1",
+        "value": 101
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_2",
+        "value": 102
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_3",
+        "value": 103
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CUSTOM_4",
+        "value": 104
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "EvConnectorType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "UNKNOWN",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IEC_TYPE_1_AC",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IEC_TYPE_2_AC",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IEC_TYPE_3_AC",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IEC_TYPE_4_DC",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IEC_TYPE_1_CCS_DC",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "IEC_TYPE_2_CCS_DC",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "TESLA_ROADSTER",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "TESLA_HPWC",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "TESLA_SUPERCHARGER",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GBT_AC",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "GBT_DC",
+        "value": 11
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OTHER",
+        "value": 101
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleApPowerStateShutdownParam",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_IMMEDIATELY",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CAN_SLEEP",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SHUTDOWN_ONLY",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SLEEP_IMMEDIATELY",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "HIBERNATE_IMMEDIATELY",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CAN_HIBERNATE",
+        "value": 6
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsOfferingMessageIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_ID",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "NUMBER_OF_OFFERS",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OFFERING_START",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleAreaSeat",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_LEFT",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_CENTER",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_1_RIGHT",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_LEFT",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_CENTER",
+        "value": 32
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_2_RIGHT",
+        "value": 64
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_LEFT",
+        "value": 256
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_CENTER",
+        "value": 512
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROW_3_RIGHT",
+        "value": 1024
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleVendorPermission",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_DEFAULT",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_WINDOW",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_WINDOW",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_DOOR",
+        "value": 3
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_DOOR",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_SEAT",
+        "value": 5
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_SEAT",
+        "value": 6
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_MIRROR",
+        "value": 7
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_MIRROR",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_INFO",
+        "value": 9
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_INFO",
+        "value": 10
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_ENGINE",
+        "value": 11
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_ENGINE",
+        "value": 12
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_HVAC",
+        "value": 13
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_HVAC",
+        "value": 14
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_LIGHT",
+        "value": 15
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_LIGHT",
+        "value": 16
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_1",
+        "value": 65536
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_1",
+        "value": 69632
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_2",
+        "value": 131072
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_2",
+        "value": 135168
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_3",
+        "value": 196608
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_3",
+        "value": 200704
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_4",
+        "value": 262144
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_4",
+        "value": 266240
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_5",
+        "value": 327680
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_5",
+        "value": 331776
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_6",
+        "value": 393216
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_6",
+        "value": 397312
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_7",
+        "value": 458752
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_7",
+        "value": 462848
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_8",
+        "value": 524288
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_8",
+        "value": 528384
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_9",
+        "value": 589824
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_9",
+        "value": 593920
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_SET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_10",
+        "value": 655360
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_GET_VENDOR_CATEGORY_10",
+        "value": 659456
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PERMISSION_NOT_ACCESSIBLE",
+        "value": 4026531840
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehiclePropertyAccess",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "NONE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "READ",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "WRITE",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "READ_WRITE",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsAvailabilityStateIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "SEQUENCE_NUMBER",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "NUMBER_OF_ASSOCIATED_LAYERS",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LAYERS_START",
+        "value": 3
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2SparkIgnitionMonitors",
+    "values": []
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VehicleTurnSignal",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "NONE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "RIGHT",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "LEFT",
+        "value": 2
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "VmsPublisherInformationIntegerValuesIndex",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "MESSAGE_TYPE",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "PUBLISHER_ID",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "RotaryInputType",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "ROTARY_INPUT_TYPE_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION",
+        "value": 0
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "ROTARY_INPUT_TYPE_AUDIO_VOLUME",
+        "value": 1
+      }
+    ]
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Obd2FuelSystemStatus",
+    "values": [
+      {
+        "name": "OPEN_INSUFFICIENT_ENGINE_TEMPERATURE",
+        "value": 1
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CLOSED_LOOP",
+        "value": 2
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OPEN_ENGINE_LOAD_OR_DECELERATION",
+        "value": 4
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "OPEN_SYSTEM_FAILURE",
+        "value": 8
+      },
+      {
+        "name": "CLOSED_LOOP_BUT_FEEDBACK_FAULT",
+        "value": 16
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/generate_emulator_metadata.py b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/generate_emulator_metadata.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b2eb172
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/emu_metadata/generate_emulator_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+
+#
+# Script for generation of VHAL properties metadata .json from AIDL interface
+#
+# This metadata is used to display human property names, names of enum
+# data types for their values, change and access modes and other information,
+# available from AIDL block comments, but not at runtime.
+#
+# Usage example:
+#  ./emu_metadata/generate_emulator_metadata.py android/hardware/automotive/vehicle $OUT/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-types-meta.json
+#  (Note, that the resulting file has to match a '*types-meta.json' pattern to be parsed by the emulator).
+#
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+RE_ENUM = re.compile(r"\s*enum\s+(\w*) {\n(.*)}", re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
+RE_COMMENT = re.compile(r"(?:(?:\/\*\*)((?:.|\n)*?)(?:\*\/))?(?:\n|^)\s*(\w*)(?:\s+=\s*)?((?:[a-zA-Z0-9]|\s|\+|)*),", re.DOTALL)
+RE_BLOCK_COMMENT_TITLE = re.compile("^(?:\s|\*)*((?:\w|\s|\.)*)\n(?:\s|\*)*(?:\n|$)")
+RE_BLOCK_COMMENT_ANNOTATION = re.compile("^(?:\s|\*)*@(\w*)\s+((?:\w|:)*)", re.MULTILINE)
+RE_HEX_NUMBER = re.compile("([0-9A-Fa-fxX]+)")
+
+
+class JEnum:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.name = name
+        self.values = []
+
+
+class Converter:
+    # Only addition is supported for now, but that covers all existing properties except
+    # OBD diagnostics, which use bitwise shifts
+    def calculateValue(self, expression, default_value):
+        numbers = RE_HEX_NUMBER.findall(expression)
+        if len(numbers) == 0:
+            return default_value
+        result = 0
+        base = 10
+        if numbers[0].lower().startswith("0x"):
+            base = 16
+        for number in numbers:
+            result += int(number, base)
+        return result
+
+    def parseBlockComment(self, value, blockComment):
+        titles = RE_BLOCK_COMMENT_TITLE.findall(blockComment)
+        for title in titles:
+            value['name'] = title
+            break
+        annots_res = RE_BLOCK_COMMENT_ANNOTATION.findall(blockComment)
+        for annot in annots_res:
+            value[annot[0]] = annot[1]
+
+    def parseEnumContents(self, enum: JEnum, enumValue):
+        matches = RE_COMMENT.findall(enumValue)
+        defaultValue = 0
+        for match in matches:
+            value = dict()
+            value['name'] = match[1]
+            value['value'] = self.calculateValue(match[2], defaultValue)
+            defaultValue = value['value'] + 1
+            if enum.name == "VehicleProperty":
+                block_comment = match[0]
+                self.parseBlockComment(value, block_comment)
+            enum.values.append(value)
+
+    def convert(self, input):
+        text = Path(input).read_text()
+        matches = RE_ENUM.findall(text)
+        jenums = []
+        for match in matches:
+            enum = JEnum(match[0])
+            self.parseEnumContents(enum, match[1])
+            jenums.append(enum)
+        return jenums
+
+def main():
+    if (len(sys.argv) != 3):
+        print("Usage: ", sys.argv[0], " INPUT_PATH OUTPUT")
+        sys.exit(1)
+    aidl_path = sys.argv[1]
+    out_path = sys.argv[2]
+    result = []
+    for file in os.listdir(aidl_path):
+        result.extend(Converter().convert(os.path.join(aidl_path, file)))
+    json_result = json.dumps(result, default=vars, indent=2)
+    with open(out_path, 'w') as f:
+        f.write(json_result)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
index ae36290..84edeed 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
@@ -3705,7 +3705,19 @@
             },
             "areas": [
                 {
-                    "areaId": "Constants::MIRROR_DRIVER_LEFT_RIGHT",
+                    "areaId": "VehicleAreaMirror::DRIVER_LEFT",
+                    "supportedEnumValues": [
+                        "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_SAFETY",
+                        "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_POOR_VISIBILITY",
+                        "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_SPEED_HIGH",
+                        "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_SPEED_LOW",
+                        "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_DISABLED",
+                        "BlindSpotWarningState::NO_WARNING",
+                        "BlindSpotWarningState::WARNING"
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "VehicleAreaMirror::DRIVER_RIGHT",
                     "supportedEnumValues": [
                         "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_SAFETY",
                         "ErrorState::NOT_AVAILABLE_POOR_VISIBILITY",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp
index 4544389..096a6cd 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@
 
     if (isHvacPropAndHvacNotAvailable(propId, value.areaId)) {
         *isSpecialValue = true;
-        return StatusError(StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE) << "hvac not available";
+        return StatusError(StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE_DISABLED) << "hvac not available";
     }
 
     switch (propId) {
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@
 
     if (isHvacPropAndHvacNotAvailable(propId, value.areaId)) {
         *isSpecialValue = true;
-        return StatusError(StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE) << "hvac not available";
+        return StatusError(StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE_DISABLED) << "hvac not available";
     }
 
     switch (propId) {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
index a50b4ad..b399bdf 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,22 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
+namespace vehicle {
+
+void PrintTo(const VehiclePropValue& value, std::ostream* os) {
+    *os << "\n( " << value.toString() << " )\n";
+}
+
+}  // namespace vehicle
+}  // namespace automotive
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace automotive {
@@ -67,6 +83,7 @@
 using ::testing::ContainsRegex;
 using ::testing::Eq;
 using ::testing::HasSubstr;
+using ::testing::IsSubsetOf;
 using ::testing::WhenSortedBy;
 
 using std::chrono::milliseconds;
@@ -1050,7 +1067,7 @@
     // Some of the updated properties might be the same as default config, thus not causing
     // a property change event. So the changed properties should be a subset of all the updated
     // properties.
-    ASSERT_THAT(getChangedProperties(), WhenSortedBy(mPropValueCmp, Eq(gotValues)));
+    ASSERT_THAT(getChangedProperties(), IsSubsetOf(gotValues));
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
@@ -1079,11 +1096,12 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), 1u);
     // Erase the timestamp for comparison.
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
-    ASSERT_EQ(events[0], (VehiclePropValue{
-                                 .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::AP_POWER_STATE_REQ),
-                                 .status = VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE,
-                                 .value.int32Values = {toInt(VehicleApPowerStateReq::ON), 0},
-                         }));
+    auto expectedValue = VehiclePropValue{
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::AP_POWER_STATE_REQ),
+            .status = VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE,
+            .value.int32Values = {toInt(VehicleApPowerStateReq::ON), 0},
+    };
+    ASSERT_EQ(events[0], expectedValue);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, testGetObd2FreezeFrame) {
@@ -1166,7 +1184,7 @@
 
                 if (areaId == powerDependentAreaId) {
                     EXPECT_FALSE(getValueResult.ok());
-                    EXPECT_EQ(getValueResult.error(), StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(getValueResult.error(), StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE_DISABLED);
                 } else {
                     EXPECT_TRUE(getValueResult.ok());
                 }
@@ -1199,7 +1217,7 @@
                                                               .value.int32Values = {1}});
 
                 if (areaId == powerDependentAreaId) {
-                    EXPECT_EQ(status, StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE);
+                    EXPECT_EQ(status, StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE_DISABLED);
                 } else {
                     EXPECT_EQ(status, StatusCode::OK);
                 }
@@ -1340,19 +1358,20 @@
     events = getChangedProperties();
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
-    ASSERT_EQ(events[0], (VehiclePropValue{
-                                 .areaId = 0,
-                                 .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::SWITCH_USER),
-                                 .value.int32Values =
-                                         {
-                                                 // Request ID
-                                                 666,
-                                                 // VEHICLE_RESPONSE
-                                                 3,
-                                                 // SUCCESS
-                                                 1,
-                                         },
-                         }));
+    auto expectedValue = VehiclePropValue{
+            .areaId = 0,
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::SWITCH_USER),
+            .value.int32Values =
+                    {
+                            // Request ID
+                            666,
+                            // VEHICLE_RESPONSE
+                            3,
+                            // SUCCESS
+                            1,
+                    },
+    };
+    ASSERT_EQ(events[0], expectedValue);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, testCreateUser) {
@@ -1396,17 +1415,18 @@
     events = getChangedProperties();
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
-    ASSERT_EQ(events[0], (VehiclePropValue{
-                                 .areaId = 0,
-                                 .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::CREATE_USER),
-                                 .value.int32Values =
-                                         {
-                                                 // Request ID
-                                                 666,
-                                                 // SUCCESS
-                                                 1,
-                                         },
-                         }));
+    auto expectedValue = VehiclePropValue{
+            .areaId = 0,
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::CREATE_USER),
+            .value.int32Values =
+                    {
+                            // Request ID
+                            666,
+                            // SUCCESS
+                            1,
+                    },
+    };
+    ASSERT_EQ(events[0], expectedValue);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, testInitialUserInfo) {
@@ -1438,11 +1458,12 @@
     auto events = getChangedProperties();
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
-    EXPECT_EQ(events[0], (VehiclePropValue{
-                                 .areaId = 0,
-                                 .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INITIAL_USER_INFO),
-                                 .value.int32Values = {3, 1, 11},
-                         }));
+    auto expectedValue = VehiclePropValue{
+            .areaId = 0,
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INITIAL_USER_INFO),
+            .value.int32Values = {3, 1, 11},
+    };
+    EXPECT_EQ(events[0], expectedValue);
 
     // Try to get create_user again, should return default value.
     clearChangedProperties();
@@ -1452,22 +1473,23 @@
     events = getChangedProperties();
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
-    EXPECT_EQ(events[0], (VehiclePropValue{
-                                 .areaId = 0,
-                                 .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INITIAL_USER_INFO),
-                                 .value.int32Values =
-                                         {
-                                                 // Request ID
-                                                 3,
-                                                 // ACTION: DEFAULT
-                                                 0,
-                                                 // User id: 0
-                                                 0,
-                                                 // Flags: 0
-                                                 0,
-                                         },
-                                 .value.stringValue = "||",
-                         }));
+    expectedValue = VehiclePropValue{
+            .areaId = 0,
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INITIAL_USER_INFO),
+            .value.int32Values =
+                    {
+                            // Request ID
+                            3,
+                            // ACTION: DEFAULT
+                            0,
+                            // User id: 0
+                            0,
+                            // Flags: 0
+                            0,
+                    },
+            .value.stringValue = "||",
+    };
+    EXPECT_EQ(events[0], expectedValue);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, testDumpAllProperties) {
@@ -2580,18 +2602,7 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
         events[0].timestamp = 0;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(events[0], (tc.expectedValuesToGet[0]))
-                << "Failed Test: " << tc.name << "\n"
-                << "Received - prop: " << events[0].prop << ", areaId: " << events[0].areaId
-                << ", floatValues: {" << events[0].value.floatValues[0] << ", "
-                << events[0].value.floatValues[1] << ", " << events[0].value.floatValues[2] << ", "
-                << events[0].value.floatValues[3] << "}\n"
-                << "Expected - prop: " << tc.expectedValuesToGet[0].prop
-                << ", areaId: " << tc.expectedValuesToGet[0].areaId << ", floatValues: {"
-                << tc.expectedValuesToGet[0].value.floatValues[0] << ", "
-                << tc.expectedValuesToGet[0].value.floatValues[1] << ", "
-                << tc.expectedValuesToGet[0].value.floatValues[2] << ", "
-                << tc.expectedValuesToGet[0].value.floatValues[3] << "}\n";
+        EXPECT_EQ(events[0], tc.expectedValuesToGet[0]);
         clearChangedProperties();
     }
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06c9600
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "VehicleServerProtoStub_h@default-grpc",
+    tools: [
+        "aprotoc",
+        "protoc-gen-grpc-cpp-plugin",
+    ],
+    cmd: "$(location aprotoc) -I$$(dirname $(in)) -Ihardware/interfaces/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto -Iexternal/protobuf/src --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc=$(location protoc-gen-grpc-cpp-plugin) $(in) --grpc_out=$(genDir) --cpp_out=$(genDir)",
+    srcs: [
+        "proto/VehicleServer.proto",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "VehicleServer.pb.h",
+        "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h",
+    ],
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "VehicleServerProtoStub_cc@default-grpc",
+    tools: [
+        "aprotoc",
+        "protoc-gen-grpc-cpp-plugin",
+    ],
+    cmd: "$(location aprotoc) -I$$(dirname $(in)) -Ihardware/interfaces/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto -Iexternal/protobuf/src --plugin=protoc-gen-grpc=$(location protoc-gen-grpc-cpp-plugin) $(in) --grpc_out=$(genDir) --cpp_out=$(genDir)",
+    srcs: [
+        "proto/VehicleServer.proto",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "VehicleServer.pb.cc",
+        "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.cc",
+    ],
+    visibility: ["//visibility:private"],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-libgrpc",
+    vendor: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    include_dirs: [
+        "external/protobuf/src",
+    ],
+    generated_headers: [
+        "VehicleServerProtoStub_h@default-grpc",
+    ],
+    export_generated_headers: [
+        "VehicleServerProtoStub_h@default-grpc",
+    ],
+    generated_sources: [
+        "VehicleServerProtoStub_cc@default-grpc",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "VehicleHalProtos",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-hardware-lib",
+    defaults: ["VehicleHalDefaults"],
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-libgrpc",
+        "VehicleHalProtoMessageConverter",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "IVehicleHardware",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-server-lib",
+    defaults: ["VehicleHalDefaults"],
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-libgrpc",
+        "VehicleHalProtoMessageConverter",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "IVehicleHardware",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0742283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <GRPCVehicleHardware.h>
+
+#include "ProtoMessageConverter.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+static std::shared_ptr<::grpc::ChannelCredentials> getChannelCredentials() {
+    // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): get secured credentials here
+    return ::grpc::InsecureChannelCredentials();
+}
+
+GRPCVehicleHardware::GRPCVehicleHardware(std::string service_addr)
+    : mServiceAddr(std::move(service_addr)),
+      mGrpcChannel(::grpc::CreateChannel(mServiceAddr, getChannelCredentials())),
+      mGrpcStub(proto::VehicleServer::NewStub(mGrpcChannel)),
+      mValuePollingThread([this] { ValuePollingLoop(); }) {}
+
+GRPCVehicleHardware::~GRPCVehicleHardware() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(mShutdownMutex);
+        mShuttingDownFlag.store(true);
+    }
+    mShutdownCV.notify_all();
+    mValuePollingThread.join();
+}
+
+std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> GRPCVehicleHardware::getAllPropertyConfigs() const {
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> configs;
+    ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+    auto config_stream = mGrpcStub->GetAllPropertyConfig(&context, ::google::protobuf::Empty());
+    proto::VehiclePropConfig protoConfig;
+    while (config_stream->Read(&protoConfig)) {
+        aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig config;
+        proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoConfig, &config);
+        configs.push_back(std::move(config));
+    }
+    auto grpc_status = config_stream->Finish();
+    if (!grpc_status.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                   << ": GRPC GetAllPropertyConfig Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+    }
+    return configs;
+}
+
+aidlvhal::StatusCode GRPCVehicleHardware::setValues(
+        std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
+        const std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest>& requests) {
+    ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+    proto::VehiclePropValueRequests protoRequests;
+    proto::SetValueResults protoResults;
+    for (const auto& request : requests) {
+        auto& protoRequest = *protoRequests.add_requests();
+        protoRequest.set_request_id(request.requestId);
+        proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(request.value, protoRequest.mutable_value());
+    }
+    // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): Make it Async.
+    auto grpc_status = mGrpcStub->SetValues(&context, protoRequests, &protoResults);
+    if (!grpc_status.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": GRPC SetValues Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+        {
+            std::shared_lock lck(mCallbackMutex);
+            // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): call on-set-error callback.
+        }
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueResult> results;
+    for (const auto& protoResult : protoResults.results()) {
+        auto& result = results.emplace_back();
+        result.requestId = protoResult.request_id();
+        result.status = static_cast<aidlvhal::StatusCode>(protoResult.status());
+        // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): call on-set-error callback.
+    }
+    (*callback)(std::move(results));
+
+    return aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK;
+}
+
+aidlvhal::StatusCode GRPCVehicleHardware::getValues(
+        std::shared_ptr<const GetValuesCallback> callback,
+        const std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueRequest>& requests) const {
+    ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+    proto::VehiclePropValueRequests protoRequests;
+    proto::GetValueResults protoResults;
+    for (const auto& request : requests) {
+        auto& protoRequest = *protoRequests.add_requests();
+        protoRequest.set_request_id(request.requestId);
+        proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(request.prop, protoRequest.mutable_value());
+    }
+    // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): Make it Async.
+    auto grpc_status = mGrpcStub->GetValues(&context, protoRequests, &protoResults);
+    if (!grpc_status.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": GRPC GetValues Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueResult> results;
+    for (const auto& protoResult : protoResults.results()) {
+        auto& result = results.emplace_back();
+        result.requestId = protoResult.request_id();
+        result.status = static_cast<aidlvhal::StatusCode>(protoResult.status());
+        if (protoResult.has_value()) {
+            aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue value;
+            proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoResult.value(), &value);
+            result.prop = std::move(value);
+        }
+    }
+    (*callback)(std::move(results));
+
+    return aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK;
+}
+
+void GRPCVehicleHardware::registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+        std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> callback) {
+    std::lock_guard lck(mCallbackMutex);
+    if (mOnPropChange) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " must only be called once.";
+        return;
+    }
+    mOnPropChange = std::move(callback);
+}
+
+void GRPCVehicleHardware::registerOnPropertySetErrorEvent(
+        std::unique_ptr<const PropertySetErrorCallback> callback) {
+    std::lock_guard lck(mCallbackMutex);
+    if (mOnSetErr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " must only be called once.";
+        return;
+    }
+    mOnSetErr = std::move(callback);
+}
+
+DumpResult GRPCVehicleHardware::dump(const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
+    ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+    proto::DumpOptions protoDumpOptions;
+    proto::DumpResult protoDumpResult;
+    for (const auto& option : options) {
+        protoDumpOptions.add_options(option);
+    }
+    auto grpc_status = mGrpcStub->Dump(&context, protoDumpOptions, &protoDumpResult);
+    if (!grpc_status.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": GRPC Dump Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+        return {};
+    }
+    return {
+            .callerShouldDumpState = protoDumpResult.caller_should_dump_state(),
+            .buffer = protoDumpResult.buffer(),
+    };
+}
+
+aidlvhal::StatusCode GRPCVehicleHardware::checkHealth() {
+    ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+    proto::VehicleHalCallStatus protoStatus;
+    auto grpc_status = mGrpcStub->CheckHealth(&context, ::google::protobuf::Empty(), &protoStatus);
+    if (!grpc_status.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": GRPC CheckHealth Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    return static_cast<aidlvhal::StatusCode>(protoStatus.status_code());
+}
+
+aidlvhal::StatusCode GRPCVehicleHardware::updateSampleRate(int32_t propId, int32_t areaId,
+                                                           float sampleRate) {
+    ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+    proto::UpdateSampleRateRequest request;
+    proto::VehicleHalCallStatus protoStatus;
+    request.set_prop(propId);
+    request.set_area_id(areaId);
+    request.set_sample_rate(sampleRate);
+    auto grpc_status = mGrpcStub->UpdateSampleRate(&context, request, &protoStatus);
+    if (!grpc_status.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": GRPC UpdateSampleRate Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+        return aidlvhal::StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    return static_cast<aidlvhal::StatusCode>(protoStatus.status_code());
+}
+
+bool GRPCVehicleHardware::waitForConnected(std::chrono::milliseconds waitTime) {
+    return mGrpcChannel->WaitForConnected(gpr_time_add(
+            gpr_now(GPR_CLOCK_MONOTONIC), gpr_time_from_millis(waitTime.count(), GPR_TIMESPAN)));
+}
+
+void GRPCVehicleHardware::ValuePollingLoop() {
+    while (!mShuttingDownFlag.load()) {
+        ::grpc::ClientContext context;
+
+        bool rpc_stopped{false};
+        std::thread shuttingdown_watcher([this, &rpc_stopped, &context]() {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lck(mShutdownMutex);
+            mShutdownCV.wait(lck, [this, &rpc_stopped]() {
+                return rpc_stopped || mShuttingDownFlag.load();
+            });
+            context.TryCancel();
+        });
+
+        auto value_stream =
+                mGrpcStub->StartPropertyValuesStream(&context, ::google::protobuf::Empty());
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": GRPC Value Streaming Started";
+        proto::VehiclePropValues protoValues;
+        while (!mShuttingDownFlag.load() && value_stream->Read(&protoValues)) {
+            std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue> values;
+            for (const auto protoValue : protoValues.values()) {
+                values.push_back(aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue());
+                proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoValue, &values.back());
+            }
+            std::shared_lock lck(mCallbackMutex);
+            if (mOnPropChange) {
+                (*mOnPropChange)(values);
+            }
+        }
+
+        {
+            std::lock_guard lck(mShutdownMutex);
+            rpc_stopped = true;
+        }
+        mShutdownCV.notify_all();
+        shuttingdown_watcher.join();
+
+        auto grpc_status = value_stream->Finish();
+        // never reach here until connection lost
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": GRPC Value Streaming Failed: " << grpc_status.error_message();
+
+        // try to reconnect
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90588aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleHardware.h
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <IVehicleHardware.h>
+#include <VehicleHalTypes.h>
+#include <VehicleUtils.h>
+#include <android-base/result.h>
+
+#include "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.pb.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <memory>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+namespace aidlvhal = ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle;
+
+class GRPCVehicleHardware : public IVehicleHardware {
+  public:
+    explicit GRPCVehicleHardware(std::string service_addr);
+
+    ~GRPCVehicleHardware();
+
+    // Get all the property configs.
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropConfig> getAllPropertyConfigs() const override;
+
+    // Set property values asynchronously. Server could return before the property set requests
+    // are sent to vehicle bus or before property set confirmation is received. The callback is
+    // safe to be called after the function returns and is safe to be called in a different thread.
+    aidlvhal::StatusCode setValues(std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
+                                   const std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest>& requests) override;
+
+    // Get property values asynchronously. Server could return before the property values are ready.
+    // The callback is safe to be called after the function returns and is safe to be called in a
+    // different thread.
+    aidlvhal::StatusCode getValues(
+            std::shared_ptr<const GetValuesCallback> callback,
+            const std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueRequest>& requests) const override;
+
+    // Dump debug information in the server.
+    DumpResult dump(const std::vector<std::string>& options) override;
+
+    // Check whether the system is healthy, return {@code StatusCode::OK} for healthy.
+    aidlvhal::StatusCode checkHealth() override;
+
+    // Register a callback that would be called when there is a property change event from vehicle.
+    void registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> callback) override;
+
+    // Register a callback that would be called when there is a property set error event from
+    // vehicle.
+    void registerOnPropertySetErrorEvent(
+            std::unique_ptr<const PropertySetErrorCallback> callback) override;
+
+    // Update the sample rate for the [propId, areaId] pair.
+    aidlvhal::StatusCode updateSampleRate(int32_t propId, int32_t areaId,
+                                          float sampleRate) override;
+
+    bool waitForConnected(std::chrono::milliseconds waitTime);
+
+  private:
+    void ValuePollingLoop();
+
+    std::string mServiceAddr;
+    std::shared_ptr<::grpc::Channel> mGrpcChannel;
+    std::unique_ptr<proto::VehicleServer::Stub> mGrpcStub;
+    std::thread mValuePollingThread;
+
+    std::shared_mutex mCallbackMutex;
+    std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> mOnPropChange;
+    std::unique_ptr<const PropertySetErrorCallback> mOnSetErr;
+
+    std::mutex mShutdownMutex;
+    std::condition_variable mShutdownCV;
+    std::atomic<bool> mShuttingDownFlag{false};
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3dd59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h"
+
+#include "ProtoMessageConverter.h"
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+std::atomic<uint64_t> GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::connection_id_counter_{0};
+
+static std::shared_ptr<::grpc::ServerCredentials> getServerCredentials() {
+    // TODO(chenhaosjtuacm): get secured credentials here
+    return ::grpc::InsecureServerCredentials();
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer::GrpcVehicleProxyServer(std::string serverAddr,
+                                               std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware>&& hardware)
+    : mServiceAddr(std::move(serverAddr)), mHardware(std::move(hardware)) {
+    mHardware->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [this](std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue> values) {
+                        OnVehiclePropChange(values);
+                    }));
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::GetAllPropertyConfig(
+        ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+        ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropConfig>* stream) {
+    for (const auto& config : mHardware->getAllPropertyConfigs()) {
+        proto::VehiclePropConfig protoConfig;
+        proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(config, &protoConfig);
+        if (!stream->Write(protoConfig)) {
+            return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::ABORTED, "Connection lost.");
+        }
+    }
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::SetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                                 const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                                                 proto::SetValueResults* results) {
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueRequest> aidlRequests;
+    for (const auto& protoRequest : requests->requests()) {
+        auto& aidlRequest = aidlRequests.emplace_back();
+        aidlRequest.requestId = protoRequest.request_id();
+        proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoRequest.value(), &aidlRequest.value);
+    }
+    auto waitMtx = std::make_shared<std::mutex>();
+    auto waitCV = std::make_shared<std::condition_variable>();
+    auto complete = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto tmpResults = std::make_shared<proto::SetValueResults>();
+    auto aidlStatus = mHardware->setValues(
+            std::make_shared<const IVehicleHardware::SetValuesCallback>(
+                    [waitMtx, waitCV, complete,
+                     tmpResults](std::vector<aidlvhal::SetValueResult> setValueResults) {
+                        for (const auto& aidlResult : setValueResults) {
+                            auto& protoResult = *tmpResults->add_results();
+                            protoResult.set_request_id(aidlResult.requestId);
+                            protoResult.set_status(
+                                    static_cast<proto::StatusCode>(aidlResult.status));
+                        }
+                        {
+                            std::lock_guard lck(*waitMtx);
+                            *complete = true;
+                        }
+                        waitCV->notify_all();
+                    }),
+            aidlRequests);
+    if (aidlStatus != aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware fails to set values, VHAL status: " +
+                                      toString(aidlStatus));
+    }
+    std::unique_lock lck(*waitMtx);
+    bool success = waitCV->wait_for(lck, kHardwareOpTimeout, [complete] { return *complete; });
+    if (!success) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware set values timeout.");
+    }
+    *results = std::move(*tmpResults);
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::GetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                                 const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                                                 proto::GetValueResults* results) {
+    std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueRequest> aidlRequests;
+    for (const auto& protoRequest : requests->requests()) {
+        auto& aidlRequest = aidlRequests.emplace_back();
+        aidlRequest.requestId = protoRequest.request_id();
+        proto_msg_converter::protoToAidl(protoRequest.value(), &aidlRequest.prop);
+    }
+    auto waitMtx = std::make_shared<std::mutex>();
+    auto waitCV = std::make_shared<std::condition_variable>();
+    auto complete = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto tmpResults = std::make_shared<proto::GetValueResults>();
+    auto aidlStatus = mHardware->getValues(
+            std::make_shared<const IVehicleHardware::GetValuesCallback>(
+                    [waitMtx, waitCV, complete,
+                     tmpResults](std::vector<aidlvhal::GetValueResult> getValueResults) {
+                        for (const auto& aidlResult : getValueResults) {
+                            auto& protoResult = *tmpResults->add_results();
+                            protoResult.set_request_id(aidlResult.requestId);
+                            protoResult.set_status(
+                                    static_cast<proto::StatusCode>(aidlResult.status));
+                            if (aidlResult.prop) {
+                                auto* valuePtr = protoResult.mutable_value();
+                                proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(*aidlResult.prop, valuePtr);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        {
+                            std::lock_guard lck(*waitMtx);
+                            *complete = true;
+                        }
+                        waitCV->notify_all();
+                    }),
+            aidlRequests);
+    if (aidlStatus != aidlvhal::StatusCode::OK) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware fails to get values, VHAL status: " +
+                                      toString(aidlStatus));
+    }
+    std::unique_lock lck(*waitMtx);
+    bool success = waitCV->wait_for(lck, kHardwareOpTimeout, [complete] { return *complete; });
+    if (!success) {
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::INTERNAL,
+                              "The underlying hardware get values timeout.");
+    }
+    *results = std::move(*tmpResults);
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::UpdateSampleRate(
+        ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const proto::UpdateSampleRateRequest* request,
+        proto::VehicleHalCallStatus* status) {
+    const auto status_code = mHardware->updateSampleRate(request->prop(), request->area_id(),
+                                                         request->sample_rate());
+    status->set_status_code(static_cast<proto::StatusCode>(status_code));
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::CheckHealth(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                                   const ::google::protobuf::Empty*,
+                                                   proto::VehicleHalCallStatus* status) {
+    status->set_status_code(static_cast<proto::StatusCode>(mHardware->checkHealth()));
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Dump(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                            const proto::DumpOptions* options,
+                                            proto::DumpResult* result) {
+    std::vector<std::string> dumpOptionStrings(options->options().begin(),
+                                               options->options().end());
+    auto dumpResult = mHardware->dump(dumpOptionStrings);
+    result->set_caller_should_dump_state(dumpResult.callerShouldDumpState);
+    result->set_buffer(dumpResult.buffer);
+    return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+}
+
+::grpc::Status GrpcVehicleProxyServer::StartPropertyValuesStream(
+        ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+        ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream) {
+    auto conn = std::make_shared<ConnectionDescriptor>(stream);
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(mConnectionMutex);
+        mValueStreamingConnections.push_back(conn);
+    }
+    conn->Wait();
+    LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Stream lost, ID : " << conn->ID();
+    return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::ABORTED, "Connection lost.");
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::OnVehiclePropChange(
+        const std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue>& values) {
+    std::unordered_set<uint64_t> brokenConn;
+    proto::VehiclePropValues protoValues;
+    for (const auto& value : values) {
+        auto* protoValuePtr = protoValues.add_values();
+        proto_msg_converter::aidlToProto(value, protoValuePtr);
+    }
+    {
+        std::shared_lock read_lock(mConnectionMutex);
+        for (auto& connection : mValueStreamingConnections) {
+            auto writeOK = connection->Write(protoValues);
+            if (!writeOK) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                           << ": Server Write failed, connection lost. ID: " << connection->ID();
+                brokenConn.insert(connection->ID());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (brokenConn.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::unique_lock write_lock(mConnectionMutex);
+    mValueStreamingConnections.erase(
+            std::remove_if(mValueStreamingConnections.begin(), mValueStreamingConnections.end(),
+                           [&brokenConn](const auto& conn) {
+                               return brokenConn.find(conn->ID()) != brokenConn.end();
+                           }),
+            mValueStreamingConnections.end());
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer& GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Start() {
+    if (mServer) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": GrpcVehicleProxyServer has already started.";
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ::grpc::ServerBuilder builder;
+    builder.RegisterService(this);
+    builder.AddListeningPort(mServiceAddr, getServerCredentials());
+    mServer = builder.BuildAndStart();
+    CHECK(mServer) << __func__ << ": failed to create the GRPC server, "
+                   << "please make sure the configuration and permissions are correct";
+    return *this;
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer& GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Shutdown() {
+    std::shared_lock read_lock(mConnectionMutex);
+    for (auto& conn : mValueStreamingConnections) {
+        conn->Shutdown();
+    }
+    if (mServer) {
+        mServer->Shutdown();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::Wait() {
+    if (mServer) {
+        mServer->Wait();
+    }
+    mServer.reset();
+}
+
+GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::~ConnectionDescriptor() {
+    Shutdown();
+}
+
+bool GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::Write(const proto::VehiclePropValues& values) {
+    if (!mStream) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Empty stream. ID: " << ID();
+        Shutdown();
+        return false;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(*mMtx);
+        if (!mShutdownFlag && mStream->Write(values)) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Server Write failed, connection lost. ID: " << ID();
+        }
+    }
+    Shutdown();
+    return false;
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::Wait() {
+    std::unique_lock lck(*mMtx);
+    mCV->wait(lck, [this] { return mShutdownFlag; });
+}
+
+void GrpcVehicleProxyServer::ConnectionDescriptor::Shutdown() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard lck(*mMtx);
+        mShutdownFlag = true;
+    }
+    mCV->notify_all();
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3596354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "IVehicleHardware.h"
+
+#include "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.pb.h"
+
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+namespace aidlvhal = ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle;
+
+// Connect other GRPC vehicle hardware(s) to the underlying vehicle hardware.
+class GrpcVehicleProxyServer : public proto::VehicleServer::Service {
+  public:
+    GrpcVehicleProxyServer(std::string serverAddr, std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware>&& hardware);
+
+    ::grpc::Status GetAllPropertyConfig(
+            ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+            ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropConfig>* stream) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status SetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                             const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                             proto::SetValueResults* results) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status GetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                             const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                             proto::GetValueResults* results) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status UpdateSampleRate(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                                    const proto::UpdateSampleRateRequest* request,
+                                    proto::VehicleHalCallStatus* status) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status CheckHealth(::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty*,
+                               proto::VehicleHalCallStatus* status) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status Dump(::grpc::ServerContext* context, const proto::DumpOptions* options,
+                        proto::DumpResult* result) override;
+
+    ::grpc::Status StartPropertyValuesStream(
+            ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+            ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream) override;
+
+    GrpcVehicleProxyServer& Start();
+
+    GrpcVehicleProxyServer& Shutdown();
+
+    void Wait();
+
+  private:
+    void OnVehiclePropChange(const std::vector<aidlvhal::VehiclePropValue>& values);
+
+    // We keep long-lasting connection for streaming the prop values.
+    struct ConnectionDescriptor {
+        explicit ConnectionDescriptor(::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream)
+            : mStream(stream),
+              mConnectionID(connection_id_counter_.fetch_add(1) + 1),
+              mMtx(std::make_unique<std::mutex>()),
+              mCV(std::make_unique<std::condition_variable>()) {}
+
+        ConnectionDescriptor(const ConnectionDescriptor&) = delete;
+        ConnectionDescriptor(ConnectionDescriptor&& cd) = default;
+        ConnectionDescriptor& operator=(const ConnectionDescriptor&) = delete;
+        ConnectionDescriptor& operator=(ConnectionDescriptor&& cd) = default;
+
+        ~ConnectionDescriptor();
+
+        uint64_t ID() const { return mConnectionID; }
+
+        bool Write(const proto::VehiclePropValues& values);
+
+        void Wait();
+
+        void Shutdown();
+
+      private:
+        ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* mStream;
+        uint64_t mConnectionID{0};
+        std::unique_ptr<std::mutex> mMtx;
+        std::unique_ptr<std::condition_variable> mCV;
+        bool mShutdownFlag{false};
+
+        static std::atomic<uint64_t> connection_id_counter_;
+    };
+
+    std::string mServiceAddr;
+    std::unique_ptr<::grpc::Server> mServer{nullptr};
+    std::unique_ptr<IVehicleHardware> mHardware;
+
+    std::shared_mutex mConnectionMutex;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ConnectionDescriptor>> mValueStreamingConnections;
+
+    static constexpr auto kHardwareOpTimeout = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/OWNERS b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a96f23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+shanyu@google.com
+chenhaosjtuacm@google.com
+egranata@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/proto/VehicleServer.proto b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/proto/VehicleServer.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22b11d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/proto/VehicleServer.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.proto;
+
+import "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpOptions.proto";
+import "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpResult.proto";
+import "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.proto";
+import "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropConfig.proto";
+import "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValue.proto";
+import "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValueRequest.proto";
+import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";
+
+service VehicleServer {
+    rpc GetAllPropertyConfig(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (stream VehiclePropConfig) {}
+
+    rpc SetValues(VehiclePropValueRequests) returns (SetValueResults) {}
+
+    rpc GetValues(VehiclePropValueRequests) returns (GetValueResults) {}
+
+    rpc UpdateSampleRate(UpdateSampleRateRequest) returns (VehicleHalCallStatus) {}
+
+    rpc CheckHealth(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (VehicleHalCallStatus) {}
+
+    rpc Dump(DumpOptions) returns (DumpResult) {}
+
+    rpc StartPropertyValuesStream(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (stream VehiclePropValues) {}
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e53826f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "GRPCVehicleHardwareUnitTest",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: ["GRPCVehicleHardwareUnitTest.cpp"],
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-hardware-lib",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "IVehicleHardware",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgtest",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+    ],
+    // libgrpc++.so is installed as root, require root to access it.
+    require_root: true,
+    defaults: [
+        "VehicleHalDefaults",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: ["GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "IVehicleHardware",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-hardware-lib",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@default-grpc-server-lib",
+        "libgtest",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgrpc++",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+    ],
+    // libgrpc++.so is installed as root, require root to access it.
+    require_root: true,
+    defaults: [
+        "VehicleHalDefaults",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleHardwareUnitTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleHardwareUnitTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f578021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleHardwareUnitTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "GRPCVehicleHardware.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.pb.h"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+const std::string kFakeServerAddr = "0.0.0.0:54321";
+
+class FakeVehicleServer : public proto::VehicleServer::Service {
+  public:
+    ::grpc::Status StartPropertyValuesStream(
+            ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+            ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropValues>* stream) override {
+        stream->Write(proto::VehiclePropValues());
+        // A fake disconnection.
+        return ::grpc::Status(::grpc::StatusCode::ABORTED, "Connection lost.");
+    }
+
+    // Functions that we do not care.
+    ::grpc::Status GetAllPropertyConfig(
+            ::grpc::ServerContext* context, const ::google::protobuf::Empty* request,
+            ::grpc::ServerWriter<proto::VehiclePropConfig>* stream) override {
+        return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+    }
+
+    ::grpc::Status SetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                             const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                             proto::SetValueResults* results) override {
+        return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+    }
+
+    ::grpc::Status GetValues(::grpc::ServerContext* context,
+                             const proto::VehiclePropValueRequests* requests,
+                             proto::GetValueResults* results) override {
+        return ::grpc::Status::OK;
+    }
+};
+
+TEST(GRPCVehicleHardwareUnitTest, Reconnect) {
+    auto receivedUpdate = std::make_shared<std::atomic<int>>(0);
+    auto vehicleHardware = std::make_unique<GRPCVehicleHardware>(kFakeServerAddr);
+    vehicleHardware->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [receivedUpdate](const auto&) { receivedUpdate->fetch_add(1); }));
+
+    constexpr size_t kServerRestartTimes = 5;
+    for (size_t serverStart = 0; serverStart < kServerRestartTimes; ++serverStart) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(receivedUpdate->load(), 0);
+        auto fakeServer = std::make_unique<FakeVehicleServer>();
+        ::grpc::ServerBuilder builder;
+        builder.RegisterService(fakeServer.get());
+        builder.AddListeningPort(kFakeServerAddr, ::grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
+        auto grpcServer = builder.BuildAndStart();
+
+        // Wait until the vehicle hardware received the second update (after one fake
+        // disconnection).
+        constexpr auto kMaxWaitTime = std::chrono::seconds(5);
+        auto startTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        while (receivedUpdate->load() <= 1 &&
+               std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - startTime < kMaxWaitTime)
+            ;
+
+        grpcServer->Shutdown();
+        grpcServer->Wait();
+        EXPECT_GT(receivedUpdate->load(), 1);
+
+        // Reset for the next round.
+        receivedUpdate->store(0);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49e6fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/grpc/test/GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "GRPCVehicleHardware.h"
+#include "GRPCVehicleProxyServer.h"
+#include "IVehicleHardware.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.grpc.pb.h"
+#include "VehicleServer.pb.h"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <grpc++/grpc++.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization {
+
+const std::string kFakeServerAddr = "0.0.0.0:54321";
+
+class VehicleHardwareForTest : public IVehicleHardware {
+  public:
+    void registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> callback) override {
+        mOnProp = std::move(callback);
+    }
+
+    void onPropertyEvent(
+            std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue> values) {
+        if (mOnProp) {
+            (*mOnProp)(std::move(values));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Functions that we do not care.
+    std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig>
+    getAllPropertyConfigs() const override {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode setValues(
+            std::shared_ptr<const SetValuesCallback> callback,
+            const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::SetValueRequest>&
+                    requests) override {
+        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode getValues(
+            std::shared_ptr<const GetValuesCallback> callback,
+            const std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::GetValueRequest>&
+                    requests) const override {
+        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    }
+
+    DumpResult dump(const std::vector<std::string>& options) override { return {}; }
+
+    aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode checkHealth() override {
+        return aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::StatusCode::OK;
+    }
+
+    void registerOnPropertySetErrorEvent(
+            std::unique_ptr<const PropertySetErrorCallback> callback) override {}
+
+  private:
+    std::unique_ptr<const PropertyChangeCallback> mOnProp;
+};
+
+TEST(GRPCVehicleProxyServerUnitTest, ClientConnectDisconnect) {
+    auto testHardware = std::make_unique<VehicleHardwareForTest>();
+    // HACK: manipulate the underlying hardware via raw pointer for testing.
+    auto* testHardwareRaw = testHardware.get();
+    auto vehicleServer =
+            std::make_unique<GrpcVehicleProxyServer>(kFakeServerAddr, std::move(testHardware));
+    vehicleServer->Start();
+
+    constexpr auto kWaitForConnectionMaxTime = std::chrono::seconds(5);
+    constexpr auto kWaitForStreamStartTime = std::chrono::seconds(1);
+    constexpr auto kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime = std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+
+    auto updateReceived1 = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto vehicleHardware1 = std::make_unique<GRPCVehicleHardware>(kFakeServerAddr);
+    vehicleHardware1->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [updateReceived1](const auto&) { *updateReceived1 = true; }));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(vehicleHardware1->waitForConnected(kWaitForConnectionMaxTime));
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForStreamStartTime);
+
+    // Client hardware 1 received update from the server.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    testHardwareRaw->onPropertyEvent({});
+    // Wait for the update delivery.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived1);
+
+    // Reset.
+    *updateReceived1 = false;
+
+    auto updateReceived2 = std::make_shared<bool>(false);
+    auto vehicleHardware2 = std::make_unique<GRPCVehicleHardware>(kFakeServerAddr);
+    vehicleHardware2->registerOnPropertyChangeEvent(
+            std::make_unique<const IVehicleHardware::PropertyChangeCallback>(
+                    [updateReceived2](const auto&) { *updateReceived2 = true; }));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(vehicleHardware2->waitForConnected(kWaitForConnectionMaxTime));
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForStreamStartTime);
+
+    // Both client hardware 1 and 2 received update from the server.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived2);
+    testHardwareRaw->onPropertyEvent({});
+    // Wait for the update delivery.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived2);
+
+    // Reset.
+    *updateReceived1 = false;
+    *updateReceived2 = false;
+
+    vehicleHardware1.reset();
+
+    // Client 1 exited, only client hardware 2 received update from the server.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived2);
+    testHardwareRaw->onPropertyEvent({});
+    // Wait for the update delivery.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(kWaitForUpdateDeliveryTime);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(*updateReceived1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(*updateReceived2);
+
+    vehicleServer->Shutdown().Wait();
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::virtualization
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/Android.bp
index 709307d..56fad7e 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/Android.bp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
         ":VehicleHalProtoFiles",
     ],
     out: [
+        "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpOptions.pb.h",
         "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpResult.pb.h",
         "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.pb.h",
         "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleAreaConfig.pb.h",
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@
         ":VehicleHalProtoFiles",
     ],
     out: [
+        "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpOptions.pb.cc",
         "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpResult.pb.cc",
         "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.pb.cc",
         "android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleAreaConfig.pb.cc",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpOptions.proto b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpOptions.proto
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bed927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/DumpOptions.proto
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+syntax = "proto3";
+
+package android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.proto;
+
+message DumpOptions {
+    repeated string options = 1;
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.proto b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.proto
index 97cb0f8..63d7933 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.proto
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/StatusCode.proto
@@ -39,3 +39,7 @@
     /* Something unexpected has happened in Vehicle HAL */
     INTERNAL_ERROR = 5;
 };
+
+message VehicleHalCallStatus {
+    StatusCode status_code = 1;
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValue.proto b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValue.proto
index 80c73cb..dda9ff5 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValue.proto
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValue.proto
@@ -52,3 +52,7 @@
     /* This is used for properties of type VehiclePropertyType#STRING */
     string string_value = 9;
 };
+
+message VehiclePropValues {
+    repeated VehiclePropValue values = 1;
+}
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValueRequest.proto b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValueRequest.proto
index 749ad6a..c347a80 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValueRequest.proto
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/proto/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehiclePropValueRequest.proto
@@ -26,6 +26,17 @@
     VehiclePropValue value = 2;
 };
 
+message UpdateSampleRateRequest {
+    /* Property identifier */
+    int32 prop = 1;
+
+    /* Area type(s) for non-global property it must be one of the value from
+     * VehicleArea* enums or 0 for global properties. */
+    int32 area_id = 2;
+
+    float sample_rate = 3;
+};
+
 message SetValueResult {
     int64 request_id = 1;
     StatusCode status = 2;
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp b/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp
index 9af2a08..ef4b884 100644
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 
 int main(int /* argc */, char** /* argv */) {
   ALOGI("Bluetooth HAL starting");
-  if (!ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1)) {
+  if (!ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0)) {
     ALOGI("failed to set thread pool max thread count");
     return 1;
   }
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.cpp b/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.cpp
index 8d4cef1..7665f79 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
         const native_handle_t* releaseFenceHandle = bufferAndTimestamp.buffer.releaseFence;
         if (releaseFenceHandle != nullptr && releaseFenceHandle->numFds == 1 &&
             releaseFenceHandle->data[0] >= 0) {
-            releaseFence = new android::Fence(releaseFenceHandle->data[0]);
+            releaseFence = new android::Fence(dup(releaseFenceHandle->data[0]));
         }
         if (releaseFence && releaseFence->isValid()) {
             releaseFence->wait(/*ms*/ 300);
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.h b/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.h
index fe1f048..588cb50 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.h
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/vts/camera_aidl_test.h
@@ -552,6 +552,20 @@
               hasInputBuffer(hasInput),
               collectedResult(1, 10),
               expectedPhysicalResults(extraPhysicalResult) {}
+
+        ~InFlightRequest() {
+            for (auto& buffer : resultOutputBuffers) {
+                native_handle_t* acquireFenceHandle = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(
+                        buffer.buffer.acquireFence);
+                native_handle_close(acquireFenceHandle);
+                native_handle_delete(acquireFenceHandle);
+
+                native_handle_t* releaseFenceHandle = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(
+                        buffer.buffer.releaseFence);
+                native_handle_close(releaseFenceHandle);
+                native_handle_delete(releaseFenceHandle);
+            }
+        }
     };
 
     static bool matchDeviceName(const std::string& deviceName, const std::string& providerType,
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/vts/device_cb.cpp b/camera/provider/aidl/vts/device_cb.cpp
index ca2f904..7e0969a 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/vts/device_cb.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/vts/device_cb.cpp
@@ -428,8 +428,8 @@
                                            bufferId,
                                            outputBuffer,
                                            buffer.status,
-                                           ::android::makeFromAidl(buffer.acquireFence),
-                                           ::android::makeFromAidl(buffer.releaseFence)};
+                                           ::android::dupFromAidl(buffer.acquireFence),
+                                           ::android::dupFromAidl(buffer.releaseFence)};
         streamBufferAndTimestamp.timeStamp = systemTime();
         request->resultOutputBuffers.push_back(streamBufferAndTimestamp);
     }
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..188746d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.9.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,730 @@
+<!-- WARNING: This file is unused in the Android 14 branch. -->
+<compatibility-matrix version="1.0" type="framework" level="9">
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.audio</name>
+        <version>6.0</version>
+        <version>7.0-1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IDevicesFactory</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.audio.effect</name>
+        <version>6.0</version>
+        <version>7.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IEffectsFactory</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.audio.core</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IModule</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>a2dp</instance>
+            <instance>bluetooth</instance>
+            <instance>hearing_aid</instance>
+            <instance>msd</instance>
+            <instance>r_submix</instance>
+            <instance>stub</instance>
+            <instance>usb</instance>
+        </interface>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfig</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.audio.effect</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IFactory</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.audio.sounddose</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISoundDoseFactory</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+         <name>android.hardware.authsecret</name>
+         <version>1</version>
+         <interface>
+             <name>IAuthSecret</name>
+             <instance>default</instance>
+         </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol</name>
+        <version>2-3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IAudioControl</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.can</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ICanController</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.evs</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IEvsEnumerator</name>
+            <regex-instance>[a-z]+/[0-9]+</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.occupant_awareness</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IOccupantAwareness</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.vehicle</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IVehicle</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.remoteaccess</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRemoteAccess</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.automotive.ivn</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IIvnAndroidDevice</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.biometrics.face</name>
+        <version>3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IFace</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.biometrics.fingerprint</name>
+        <version>3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IFingerprint</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>virtual</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.bluetooth</name>
+        <version>1.0-1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IBluetoothHci</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.bluetooth</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IBluetoothHci</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.bluetooth.audio</name>
+        <version>3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IBluetoothAudioProviderFactory</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.boot</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IBootControl</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.broadcastradio</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IBroadcastRadio</name>
+            <regex-instance>.*</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true" updatable-via-apex="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.camera.provider</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ICameraProvider</name>
+            <regex-instance>[^/]+/[0-9]+</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.cas</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IMediaCasService</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.confirmationui</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConfirmationUI</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.contexthub</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IContextHub</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true" updatable-via-apex="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.drm</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IDrmFactory</name>
+            <regex-instance>.*</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.dumpstate</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IDumpstateDevice</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.gatekeeper</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IGatekeeper</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.gnss</name>
+        <version>2-3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IGnss</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.gnss.visibility_control</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IGnssVisibilityControl</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IMeasurementCorrectionsInterface</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.graphics.allocator</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IAllocator</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.graphics.composer3</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IComposer</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <!-- Either the native or the HIDL mapper HAL must exist on the device -->
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.graphics.mapper</name>
+        <!-- New, non-Go devices should use 4.0, tested in vts_treble_vintf_vendor_test -->
+        <version>2.1</version>
+        <version>3.0</version>
+        <version>4.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IMapper</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.health</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IHealth</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.health.storage</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IStorage</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.identity</name>
+        <version>1-5</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IIdentityCredentialStore</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.net.nlinterceptor</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IInterceptor</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.oemlock</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IOemLock</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.ir</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IConsumerIr</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.input.processor</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IInputProcessor</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.security.keymint</name>
+        <version>1-3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IKeyMintDevice</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>strongbox</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.security.keymint</name>
+        <version>1-3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRemotelyProvisionedComponent</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>strongbox</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.light</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ILights</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
+            <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.memtrack</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IMemtrack</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.neuralnetworks</name>
+        <version>1-4</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IDevice</name>
+            <regex-instance>.*</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.nfc</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>INfc</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.power</name>
+        <version>4</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IPower</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.power.stats</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IPowerStats</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.config</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioConfig</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.data</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioData</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.messaging</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioMessaging</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.modem</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioModem</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.network</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioNetwork</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.sim</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioSim</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.sap</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISap</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.voice</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioVoice</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.ims</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioIms</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.satellite</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRadioSatellite</name>
+            <instance>slot1</instance>
+            <instance>slot2</instance>
+            <instance>slot3</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.radio.ims.media</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IImsMedia</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.renderscript</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IDevice</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.rebootescrow</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IRebootEscrow</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.secure_element</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISecureElement</name>
+            <regex-instance>eSE[1-9][0-9]*</regex-instance>
+            <regex-instance>SIM[1-9][0-9]*</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.security.secureclock</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISecureClock</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.security.sharedsecret</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISharedSecret</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>strongbox</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.sensors</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISensors</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.soundtrigger</name>
+        <version>2.3</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISoundTriggerHw</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+         <name>android.hardware.soundtrigger3</name>
+         <version>1</version>
+         <interface>
+             <name>ISoundTriggerHw</name>
+             <instance>default</instance>
+         </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tetheroffload.config</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IOffloadConfig</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tetheroffload.control</name>
+        <version>1.1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IOffloadControl</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tetheroffload</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IOffload</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.thermal</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IThermal</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tv.hdmi.cec</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IHdmiCec</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tv.hdmi.earc</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IEArc</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tv.hdmi.connection</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IHdmiConnection</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tv.tuner</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ITuner</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.tv.input</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ITvInput</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.usb</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IUsb</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.usb.gadget</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IUsbGadget</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IVibrator</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IVibratorManager</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.weaver</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IWeaver</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true" updatable-via-apex="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.wifi</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IWifi</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.uwb</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IUwb</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.wifi.hostapd</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IHostapd</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.wifi.supplicant</name>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>ISupplicant</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <!-- Either the native or the HIDL mapper HAL must exist on the device -->
+    <hal format="native" optional="true">
+        <name>mapper</name>
+        <version>5.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <regex-instance>.*</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+</compatibility-matrix>
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_hal_radio_target_test.xml b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_hal_radio_target_test.xml
index 82af2ee..7aaadff 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_hal_radio_target_test.xml
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/vts_hal_radio_target_test.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 <configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_0TargetTest.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
 
     <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index f1bc7a8..90428f4 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 <configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_1TargetTest.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
 
     <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index 9904760..e25249b 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 <configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_2TargetTest.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
 
     <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
diff --git a/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index 9df8f9c..44b7419 100644
--- a/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.3/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 <configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_3TargetTest.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
 
     <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
diff --git a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
index 469e103..d0843e6 100644
--- a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 <configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioV1_4TargetTest.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
 
     <!-- TODO: b/154638140, b/152655658: bad interactions -->
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer" />
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h
index f12e532..99e4b25 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioSim.h
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getImsiForApp(int32_t serial, const std::string& aid) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSimPhonebookCapacity(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSimPhonebookRecords(int32_t serial) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus iccCloseLogicalChannel(int32_t serial, int32_t channelId) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus iccCloseLogicalChannelWithSessionInfo(int32_t serial,
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::SessionInfo& recordInfo) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus iccIoForApp(
@@ -104,6 +103,7 @@
 
   protected:
     std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::sim::IRadioSimResponse> respond();
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus iccCloseLogicalChannel(int32_t serial, int32_t channelId) override;
 
   public:
     using RadioCompatBase::RadioCompatBase;
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/AndroidTest.xml b/radio/aidl/vts/AndroidTest.xml
index 36381d1..7edc072 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 <configuration description="Runs VtsHalRadioTargetTest.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="token" value="SIM_CARD" />
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.MultiSimPreparer" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.RootTargetPreparer">
@@ -31,4 +32,4 @@
         <option name="native-test-timeout" value="300000" /> <!-- 5 min -->
         <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalRadioTargetTest" />
     </test>
-</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
+</configuration>
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
index c00b238..3454f33 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
@@ -191,6 +191,13 @@
  * Test IRadioModem.getImei() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_P(RadioModemTest, getImei) {
+    int32_t aidl_version;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus aidl_status = radio_modem->getInterfaceVersion(&aidl_version);
+    ASSERT_OK(aidl_status);
+    if (aidl_version < 2) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test since getImei is not supported on version < 2");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     LOG(DEBUG) << "getImei";
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
index 44be258..f657142 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_sim_test.cpp
@@ -765,6 +765,14 @@
  * Test IRadioSim.iccCloseLogicalChannelWithSessionInfo() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_P(RadioSimTest, iccCloseLogicalChannelWithSessionInfo) {
+    int32_t aidl_version;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus aidl_status = radio_sim->getInterfaceVersion(&aidl_version);
+    ASSERT_OK(aidl_status);
+    if (aidl_version < 2) {
+        ALOGI("Skipped the test since"
+              " iccCloseLogicalChannelWithSessionInfo is not supported on version < 2");
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
     LOG(DEBUG) << "iccCloseLogicalChannelWithSessionInfo";
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SessionInfo info;
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
index ed3ca74..7a4359d 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "AttestKeyTest.cpp",
         "AuthTest.cpp",
+        "BootloaderStateTest.cpp",
         "DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp",
         "KeyBlobUpgradeTest.cpp",
         "KeyMintTest.cpp",
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/BootloaderStateTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/BootloaderStateTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723edee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/BootloaderStateTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "keymint_1_bootloader_test"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h>
+
+#include "KeyMintAidlTestBase.h"
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::test {
+
+using ::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames;
+using ::std::string;
+using ::std::vector;
+
+// Since this test needs to talk to KeyMint HAL, it can only run as root. Thus,
+// bootloader can not be locked.
+class BootloaderStateTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str()));
+        keyMint_ = IKeyMintDevice::fromBinder(binder);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(keyMint_) << "Failed to get KM device";
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IKeyMintDevice> keyMint_;
+};
+
+// Check that attested bootloader state is set to unlocked.
+TEST_P(BootloaderStateTest, IsUnlocked) {
+    // Generate a key with attestation.
+    AuthorizationSet keyDesc = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                       .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                       .EcdsaSigningKey(EcCurve::P_256)
+                                       .AttestationChallenge("foo")
+                                       .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
+                                       .Digest(Digest::NONE)
+                                       .SetDefaultValidity();
+    KeyCreationResult creationResult;
+    auto kmStatus = keyMint_->generateKey(keyDesc.vector_data(), std::nullopt, &creationResult);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(kmStatus.isOk());
+
+    vector<Certificate> key_cert_chain = std::move(creationResult.certificateChain);
+
+    // Parse attested AVB values.
+    const auto& attestation_cert = key_cert_chain[0].encodedCertificate;
+    X509_Ptr cert(parse_cert_blob(attestation_cert));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(cert.get());
+
+    ASN1_OCTET_STRING* attest_rec = get_attestation_record(cert.get());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(attest_rec);
+
+    vector<uint8_t> key;
+    VerifiedBoot attestedVbState;
+    bool attestedBootloaderState;
+    vector<uint8_t> attestedVbmetaDigest;
+    auto error = parse_root_of_trust(attest_rec->data, attest_rec->length, &key, &attestedVbState,
+                                     &attestedBootloaderState, &attestedVbmetaDigest);
+    ASSERT_EQ(error, ErrorCode::OK);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(attestedBootloaderState) << "This test runs as root. Bootloader must be unlocked.";
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_KEYMINT_AIDL_TEST(BootloaderStateTest);
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::test
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
index ffcaa95..3cb783c 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
@@ -855,8 +855,8 @@
         return "Challenge must be a Bstr.";
     }
 
-    if (challenge.size() < 16 || challenge.size() > 64) {
-        return "Challenge size must be between 16 and 64 bytes inclusive. "
+    if (challenge.size() > 64) {
+        return "Challenge size must be between 0 and 64 bytes inclusive. "
                "However, challenge is " +
                std::to_string(challenge.size()) + " bytes long.";
     }
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl b/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
index f714f1a..461357d 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
@@ -315,7 +315,7 @@
      *
      * @param in challenge contains a byte string from the provisioning server which will be
      *        included in the signed data of the CSR structure. Different provisioned backends may
-     *        use different semantic data for this field, but the supported sizes must be between 16
+     *        use different semantic data for this field, but the supported sizes must be between 0
      *        and 64 bytes, inclusive.
      *
      * @return the following CBOR Certificate Signing Request (Csr) serialized into a byte array:
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@
      *     UdsCerts,
      *     DiceCertChain,
      *     SignedData<[
-     *         challenge: bstr .size (16..64), ; Provided by the method parameters
+     *         challenge: bstr .size (0..64), ; Provided by the method parameters
      *         bstr .cbor T,
      *     ]>,
      * ]
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
index 9f68bfa..94bfbb4 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@
 constexpr int32_t VERSION_WITH_UNIQUE_ID_SUPPORT = 2;
 constexpr int32_t VERSION_WITHOUT_TEST_MODE = 3;
 
+constexpr uint8_t MIN_CHALLENGE_SIZE = 0;
+constexpr uint8_t MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE = 64;
+
 #define INSTANTIATE_REM_PROV_AIDL_TEST(name)                                         \
     GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(name);                             \
     INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(                                                        \
@@ -693,32 +696,54 @@
 };
 
 /**
- * Generate an empty certificate request, and decrypt and verify the structure and content.
+ * Generate an empty certificate request with all possible length of challenge, and decrypt and
+ * verify the structure and content.
  */
 TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, EmptyRequest) {
     bytevec csr;
 
-    auto status =
-            provisionable_->generateCertificateRequestV2({} /* keysToSign */, challenge_, &csr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
+    for (auto size = MIN_CHALLENGE_SIZE; size <= MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE; size++) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "challenge[" << size << "]");
+        auto challenge = randomBytes(size);
+        auto status =
+                provisionable_->generateCertificateRequestV2({} /* keysToSign */, challenge, &csr);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
 
-    auto result = verifyProductionCsr(cppbor::Array(), csr, provisionable_.get(), challenge_);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.message();
+        auto result = verifyProductionCsr(cppbor::Array(), csr, provisionable_.get(), challenge);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.message();
+    }
 }
 
 /**
- * Generate a non-empty certificate request.  Decrypt, parse and validate the contents.
+ * Generate a non-empty certificate request with all possible length of challenge.  Decrypt, parse
+ * and validate the contents.
  */
 TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, NonEmptyRequest) {
     generateKeys(false /* testMode */, 1 /* numKeys */);
 
     bytevec csr;
 
-    auto status = provisionable_->generateCertificateRequestV2(keysToSign_, challenge_, &csr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
+    for (auto size = MIN_CHALLENGE_SIZE; size <= MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE; size++) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "challenge[" << size << "]");
+        auto challenge = randomBytes(size);
+        auto status = provisionable_->generateCertificateRequestV2(keysToSign_, challenge, &csr);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
 
-    auto result = verifyProductionCsr(cborKeysToSign_, csr, provisionable_.get(), challenge_);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.message();
+        auto result = verifyProductionCsr(cborKeysToSign_, csr, provisionable_.get(), challenge);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.message();
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate an empty certificate request with invalid size of challenge
+ */
+TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, EmptyRequestWithInvalidChallengeFail) {
+    bytevec csr;
+
+    auto status = provisionable_->generateCertificateRequestV2(
+            /* keysToSign */ {}, randomBytes(MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE + 1), &csr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(), BnRemotelyProvisionedComponent::STATUS_FAILED);
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/Android.bp b/uwb/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 8c2b60e..9621f2c 100644
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/uwb/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -7,29 +7,26 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
 }
 
-cc_binary {
+rust_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.uwb-service",
+    crate_name: "uwb_default_hal",
     relative_install_path: "hw",
-    init_rc: ["uwb-service.rc"],
     vintf_fragments: ["uwb-service.xml"],
     vendor: true,
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-        "-g",
+    rustlibs: [
+        "android.hardware.uwb-V1-rust",
+        "liblogger",
+        "liblog_rust",
+        "libbinder_rs",
+        "libbinder_tokio_rs",
+        "libtokio",
+        "libnix",
+        "libanyhow",
     ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "libutils",
-        "android.hardware.uwb-V1-ndk",
+    proc_macros: [
+        "libasync_trait",
     ],
     srcs: [
-        "service.cpp",
-        "uwb.cpp",
-        "uwb_chip.cpp",
+        "src/service.rs",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/service.cpp b/uwb/aidl/default/service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 007637f..0000000
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
-#include <android/binder_process.h>
-#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
-
-#include "uwb.h"
-
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::uwb::IUwb;
-using ::android::sp;
-using ::android::base::InitLogging;
-using ::android::base::StderrLogger;
-using ::android::hardware::uwb::impl::Uwb;
-
-int main(int /*argc*/, char* argv[]) {
-    InitLogging(argv, StderrLogger);
-    LOG(INFO) << "UWB HAL starting up";
-
-    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
-    std::shared_ptr<IUwb> uwb = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Uwb>();
-    const std::string instance = std::string() + IUwb::descriptor + "/default";
-    binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(uwb->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
-    CHECK(status == STATUS_OK);
-
-    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
-    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
-}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/src/service.rs b/uwb/aidl/default/src/service.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d5c073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uwb/aidl/default/src/service.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use android_hardware_uwb::aidl::android::hardware::uwb::IUwb::{self, IUwb as _};
+use android_hardware_uwb::binder;
+
+use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
+
+use std::env;
+use std::panic;
+
+use log::Level;
+
+mod uwb;
+mod uwb_chip;
+
+fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    logger::init(
+        logger::Config::default()
+            .with_min_level(Level::Debug)
+            .with_tag_on_device("android.hardware.uwb"),
+    );
+
+    // Redirect panic messages to logcat.
+    panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+        log::error!("{}", panic_info);
+    }));
+
+    log::info!("UWB HAL starting up");
+
+    // Create the tokio runtime
+    let rt = Runtime::new()?;
+
+    let chips = env::args()
+        .skip(1) // Skip binary name
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, arg)| uwb_chip::UwbChip::new(i.to_string(), arg));
+
+    binder::add_service(
+        &format!("{}/default", IUwb::BpUwb::get_descriptor()),
+        IUwb::BnUwb::new_binder(
+            uwb::Uwb::from_chips(chips, rt.handle().clone()),
+            binder::BinderFeatures::default(),
+        )
+        .as_binder(),
+    )?;
+
+    binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool();
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb.rs b/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..428f08f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use android_hardware_uwb::aidl::android::hardware::uwb::{IUwb, IUwbChip};
+use android_hardware_uwb::binder;
+use binder::{Result, Strong};
+use binder_tokio::TokioRuntime;
+use tokio::runtime::Handle as TokioHandle;
+
+use crate::uwb_chip;
+
+pub struct Uwb {
+    chips: Vec<Strong<dyn IUwbChip::IUwbChip>>,
+}
+
+impl Uwb {
+    pub fn from_chips(
+        chips: impl IntoIterator<Item = uwb_chip::UwbChip>,
+        handle: TokioHandle,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            chips: chips
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|chip| {
+                    IUwbChip::BnUwbChip::new_async_binder(
+                        chip,
+                        TokioRuntime(handle.clone()),
+                        binder::BinderFeatures::default(),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl binder::Interface for Uwb {}
+
+impl IUwb::IUwb for Uwb {
+    fn getChips(&self) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        log::debug!("getChips");
+        self.chips.iter().map(|chip| chip.getName()).collect()
+    }
+
+    fn getChip(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Strong<dyn IUwbChip::IUwbChip>> {
+        log::debug!("getChip {}", name);
+        let chip = self
+            .chips
+            .iter()
+            .find(|chip| chip.getName().as_deref() == Ok(name));
+        if let Some(chip) = chip {
+            Ok(chip.clone())
+        } else {
+            Err(binder::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT.into())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs b/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c2c300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+use android_hardware_uwb::aidl::android::hardware::uwb::{
+    IUwbChip::IUwbChipAsyncServer, IUwbClientCallback::IUwbClientCallback, UwbEvent::UwbEvent,
+    UwbStatus::UwbStatus,
+};
+use android_hardware_uwb::binder;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use binder::{Result, Strong};
+
+use tokio::fs::File;
+use tokio::io::{AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt};
+use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+
+use std::os::fd::AsRawFd;
+
+use std::io;
+
+use nix::sys::termios;
+
+enum State {
+    Closed,
+    Opened {
+        callbacks: Strong<dyn IUwbClientCallback>,
+        #[allow(dead_code)]
+        tasks: tokio::task::JoinSet<()>,
+        write: File,
+    },
+}
+
+pub struct UwbChip {
+    name: String,
+    path: String,
+    state: Mutex<State>,
+}
+
+impl UwbChip {
+    pub fn new(name: String, path: String) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            path,
+            state: Mutex::new(State::Closed),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn makeraw(file: File) -> io::Result<File> {
+    let fd = file.as_raw_fd();
+
+    let mut attrs = termios::tcgetattr(fd)?;
+
+    termios::cfmakeraw(&mut attrs);
+
+    termios::tcsetattr(fd, termios::SetArg::TCSANOW, &attrs)?;
+
+    Ok(file)
+}
+
+impl binder::Interface for UwbChip {}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl IUwbChipAsyncServer for UwbChip {
+    async fn getName(&self) -> Result<String> {
+        Ok(self.name.clone())
+    }
+
+    async fn open(&self, callbacks: &Strong<dyn IUwbClientCallback>) -> Result<()> {
+        log::debug!("open: {:?}", &self.path);
+
+        let serial = File::open(&self.path)
+            .await
+            .and_then(makeraw)
+            .map_err(|_| binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR)?;
+
+        let mut read = serial
+            .try_clone()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|_| binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR)?;
+        let write = serial;
+
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().await;
+
+        if let State::Closed = *state {
+            let client_callbacks = callbacks.clone();
+
+            let mut tasks = tokio::task::JoinSet::new();
+
+            tasks.spawn(async move {
+                loop {
+                    const UWB_HEADER_SIZE: usize = 4;
+
+                    let mut buffer = vec![0; UWB_HEADER_SIZE];
+                    read.read_exact(&mut buffer[0..UWB_HEADER_SIZE])
+                        .await
+                        .unwrap();
+
+                    let length = buffer[3] as usize + UWB_HEADER_SIZE;
+
+                    buffer.resize(length, 0);
+                    read.read_exact(&mut buffer[UWB_HEADER_SIZE..length])
+                        .await
+                        .unwrap();
+
+                    client_callbacks.onUciMessage(&buffer[..]).unwrap();
+                }
+            });
+
+            callbacks.onHalEvent(UwbEvent::OPEN_CPLT, UwbStatus::OK)?;
+
+            *state = State::Opened {
+                callbacks: callbacks.clone(),
+                tasks,
+                write,
+            };
+
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(binder::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE.into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        log::debug!("close");
+
+        let mut state = self.state.lock().await;
+
+        if let State::Opened { ref callbacks, .. } = *state {
+            callbacks.onHalEvent(UwbEvent::CLOSE_CPLT, UwbStatus::OK)?;
+            *state = State::Closed;
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(binder::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE.into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn coreInit(&self) -> Result<()> {
+        log::debug!("coreInit");
+
+        if let State::Opened { ref callbacks, .. } = *self.state.lock().await {
+            callbacks.onHalEvent(UwbEvent::POST_INIT_CPLT, UwbStatus::OK)?;
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(binder::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE.into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn sessionInit(&self, _id: i32) -> Result<()> {
+        log::debug!("sessionInit");
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    async fn getSupportedAndroidUciVersion(&self) -> Result<i32> {
+        Ok(1)
+    }
+
+    async fn sendUciMessage(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Result<i32> {
+        log::debug!("sendUciMessage");
+
+        if let State::Opened { write, .. } = &mut *self.state.lock().await {
+            write
+                .write(data)
+                .await
+                .map(|written| written as i32)
+                .map_err(|_| binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+        } else {
+            Err(binder::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE.into())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb-service.rc b/uwb/aidl/default/uwb-service.rc
deleted file mode 100644
index e2c3825..0000000
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb-service.rc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-service vendor.uwb_hal /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.uwb-service
-    class hal
-    user uwb
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb.cpp b/uwb/aidl/default/uwb.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e2ef4e..0000000
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-#include "uwb.h"
-
-namespace {
-static constexpr char kDefaultChipName[] = "default";
-
-}  // namespace
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace uwb {
-namespace impl {
-using namespace ::aidl::android::hardware::uwb;
-
-// The default implementation of the HAL assumes 1 chip on the device.
-Uwb::Uwb() : chips_({{kDefaultChipName, ndk::SharedRefBase::make<UwbChip>(kDefaultChipName)}}) {}
-
-Uwb::~Uwb() {}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Uwb::getChips(std::vector<std::string>* names) {
-    for (const auto& chip : chips_) {
-        names->push_back(chip.first);
-    }
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Uwb::getChip(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<IUwbChip>* chip) {
-    const auto chip_found = chips_.find(name);
-    if (chip_found == chips_.end()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown chip name" << name;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
-    *chip = chip_found->second;
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-}  // namespace impl
-}  // namespace uwb
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb.h b/uwb/aidl/default/uwb.h
deleted file mode 100644
index ec51fd8..0000000
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_UWB_UWB
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_UWB_UWB
-
-#include <map>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/uwb/BnUwb.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/uwb/IUwbChip.h>
-
-#include "uwb_chip.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace uwb {
-namespace impl {
-using namespace ::aidl::android::hardware::uwb;
-// Default implementation mean't to be used on simulator targets.
-class Uwb : public BnUwb {
-  public:
-    Uwb();
-    virtual ~Uwb();
-
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getChips(std::vector<std::string>* names) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getChip(const std::string& name, std::shared_ptr<IUwbChip>* chip) override;
-
-  private:
-    std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<UwbChip>> chips_;
-};
-}  // namespace impl
-}  // namespace uwb
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_UWB_UWB
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb_chip.cpp b/uwb/aidl/default/uwb_chip.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 41f14fd..0000000
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb_chip.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "uwb.h"
-
-namespace {
-constexpr static int32_t kAndroidUciVersion = 1;
-}
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace uwb {
-namespace impl {
-using namespace ::aidl::android::hardware::uwb;
-
-UwbChip::UwbChip(const std::string& name) : name_(name), mClientCallback(nullptr) {}
-UwbChip::~UwbChip() {}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::getName(std::string* name) {
-    *name = name_;
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::open(const std::shared_ptr<IUwbClientCallback>& clientCallback) {
-    mClientCallback = clientCallback;
-    mClientCallback->onHalEvent(UwbEvent::OPEN_CPLT, UwbStatus::OK);
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::close() {
-    mClientCallback->onHalEvent(UwbEvent::CLOSE_CPLT, UwbStatus::OK);
-    mClientCallback = nullptr;
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::coreInit() {
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::sessionInit(int /* sessionId */) {
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::getSupportedAndroidUciVersion(int32_t* version) {
-    *version = kAndroidUciVersion;
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus UwbChip::sendUciMessage(const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* data */,
-                                             int32_t* /* bytes_written */) {
-    // TODO(b/195992658): Need emulator support for UCI stack.
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
-}
-}  // namespace impl
-}  // namespace uwb
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb_chip.h b/uwb/aidl/default/uwb_chip.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e900cbe..0000000
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/uwb_chip.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2021, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_UWB_UWBCHIP
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_UWB_UWBCHIP
-
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/uwb/BnUwbChip.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/uwb/IUwbClientCallback.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace uwb {
-namespace impl {
-using namespace ::aidl::android::hardware::uwb;
-// Default implementation mean't to be used on simulator targets.
-class UwbChip : public BnUwbChip {
-  public:
-    UwbChip(const std::string& name);
-    virtual ~UwbChip();
-
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getName(std::string* name) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus open(const std::shared_ptr<IUwbClientCallback>& clientCallback) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus coreInit() override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus sessionInit(int sesionId) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedAndroidUciVersion(int32_t* version) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus sendUciMessage(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
-                                        int32_t* bytes_written) override;
-
-  private:
-    std::string name_;
-    std::shared_ptr<IUwbClientCallback> mClientCallback;
-};
-}  // namespace impl
-}  // namespace uwb
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_UWB_UWBCHIP
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp
index e30c38a..d6a85da 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "aidl_sync_util.h"
 #include "wifi_status_util.h"
 
 namespace {
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
 namespace wifi {
 using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
 using aidl_return_util::validateAndCallWithLock;
+using aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock;
 
 Wifi::Wifi(const std::shared_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
            const std::shared_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHalFactory> legacy_hal_factory,
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@
 }
 
 binder_status_t Wifi::dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) {
+    const auto lock = acquireGlobalLock();
     LOG(INFO) << "-----------Debug was called----------------";
     if (chips_.size() == 0) {
         LOG(INFO) << "No chips to display.";
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
index adc9b73..288f20a 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -96,6 +96,7 @@
  * Ensures the APF packet filter is fully supported as required in VSR 14:
  * https://docs.partner.android.com/gms/policies/vsr/vsr-14
  */
+// @VsrTest = 5.3.12
 TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, CheckApfIsSupported) {
     // It is not required to check the vendor API level is at least U here
     // because the Wi-Fi AIDL interface is launched with Android U(VSR-14).
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
index 5c59819..b4840a6 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/functional/hostapd_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
                                           hostapd_instance_name_);
         hostapd_ = IHostapd::getService(hostapd_instance_name_);
         ASSERT_NE(hostapd_.get(), nullptr);
+        setupApIfaceIfNeeded();
         isAcsSupport_ = testing::checkSubstringInCommandOutput(
             "/system/bin/cmd wifi get-softap-supported-features",
             "wifi_softap_acs_supported");
@@ -86,14 +87,21 @@
     bool isWpa3SaeSupport_ = false;
     bool isAcsSupport_ = false;
 
-    std::string setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName() {
+    void setupApIfaceIfNeeded() {
         sp<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface;
         wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface_1_4(wifi_instance_name_);
         EXPECT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
 
         const auto& status_and_name = HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_ap_iface, getName);
         EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status_and_name.first.code);
-        return status_and_name.second;
+    }
+
+    std::string getPrimaryWlanIfaceName() {
+        std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+        auto res = property_get("ro.vendor.wifi.sap.interface", buffer.data(), nullptr);
+        if (res > 0) return buffer.data();
+        property_get("wifi.interface", buffer.data(), "wlan0");
+        return buffer.data();
     }
 
     IHostapd::IfaceParams getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(std::string iface_name) {
@@ -243,7 +251,7 @@
     if (!isAcsSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing ACS support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcs(ifname), getPskNwParams());
     EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
@@ -257,7 +265,7 @@
     if (!isAcsSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing ACS support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcsAndFreqRange(ifname),
                               getPskNwParams());
@@ -272,7 +280,7 @@
     if (!isAcsSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing ACS support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcsAndInvalidFreqRange(ifname),
                               getPskNwParams());
@@ -287,7 +295,7 @@
     if (!isAcsSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing ACS support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                               getIfaceParamsWithAcs(ifname), getOpenNwParams());
     EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
@@ -300,7 +308,7 @@
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getPskNwParams());
@@ -314,7 +322,7 @@
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddOpenAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getOpenNwParams());
@@ -329,7 +337,7 @@
     if (!isWpa3SaeSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing SAE support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                               getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname),
                               getSaeTransitionNwParams());
@@ -344,7 +352,7 @@
     if (!isWpa3SaeSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing SAE support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getSaeNwParams());
@@ -359,7 +367,7 @@
     if (!isAcsSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing ACS support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status_1_2 =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2, getIfaceParamsWithAcs(ifname),
                     getPskNwParams());
@@ -377,7 +385,7 @@
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, RemoveAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status_1_2 =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getPskNwParams());
@@ -395,7 +403,7 @@
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddPskAccessPointWithInvalidChannel) {
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithInvalidChannel(ifname), getPskNwParams());
@@ -409,7 +417,7 @@
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, AddInvalidPskAccessPointWithoutAcs) {
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getInvalidPskNwParams());
@@ -424,7 +432,7 @@
     if (!isWpa3SaeSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing SAE support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                               getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname),
                               getInvalidSaeTransitionNwParams());
@@ -439,7 +447,7 @@
     if (!isWpa3SaeSupport_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing SAE support";
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getInvalidSaeNwParams());
@@ -451,7 +459,7 @@
  * when hotspot interface doesn't init..
  */
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, DisconnectClientWhenIfaceNotAvailable) {
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status = HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, forceClientDisconnect, ifname,
                               kTestZeroMacAddr, kTestDisconnectReasonCode);
     EXPECT_EQ(HostapdStatusCode::FAILURE_IFACE_UNKNOWN, status.code);
@@ -464,7 +472,7 @@
 TEST_P(HostapdHidlTest, DisconnectClientWhenIfacAvailable) {
     if (is_1_3(hostapd_))
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Ignore addAccessPoint_1_2 on hostapd 1_3";
-    std::string ifname = setupApIfaceIfNeededAndGetName();
+    std::string ifname = getPrimaryWlanIfaceName();
     auto status_1_2 =
         HIDL_INVOKE(hostapd_, addAccessPoint_1_2,
                     getIfaceParamsWithoutAcs(ifname), getOpenNwParams());
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_network_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_network_aidl_test.cpp
index 0e2b72c..973b56a 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_network_aidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_network_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -654,6 +654,11 @@
  * SetStrictConservativePeerMode
  */
 TEST_P(SupplicantStaNetworkAidlTest, SetStrictConversativePeerMode) {
+    int32_t version = 0;
+    sta_network_->getInterfaceVersion(&version);
+    if (version < 2) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test since it is not supported on this interface version";
+    }
     EXPECT_TRUE(sta_network_->setStrictConservativePeerMode(true).isOk());
     EXPECT_TRUE(sta_network_->setStrictConservativePeerMode(false).isOk());
 }