diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp
index a1fbefa..eb0c015 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectConfig.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
 EffectConfig::EffectConfig(const std::string& file) {
     tinyxml2::XMLDocument doc;
     doc.LoadFile(file.c_str());
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " loading " << file;
     // parse the xml file into maps
     if (doc.Error()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " tinyxml2 failed to load " << file
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@
     std::string name = xml.Attribute("name");
     RETURN_VALUE_IF(name == "", false, "effectsNoName");
 
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << dump(xml);
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << dump(xml);
     struct Library library;
     if (std::strcmp(xml.Name(), "effectProxy") == 0) {
         // proxy lib and uuid
@@ -187,11 +186,11 @@
     }
     RETURN_VALUE_IF((library.uuid == getEffectUuidZero()), false, "invalidUuidAttribute");
 
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << (isProxy ? " proxy " : library.name) << " : uuid "
-               << ::android::audio::utils::toString(library.uuid)
-               << (library.type.has_value()
-                           ? ::android::audio::utils::toString(library.type.value())
-                           : "");
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << (isProxy ? " proxy " : library.name) << " : uuid "
+                 << ::android::audio::utils::toString(library.uuid)
+                 << (library.type.has_value()
+                             ? ::android::audio::utils::toString(library.type.value())
+                             : "");
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@
 }
 
 bool EffectConfig::parseProcessing(Processing::Type::Tag typeTag, const tinyxml2::XMLElement& xml) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << dump(xml);
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << dump(xml);
     const char* typeStr = xml.Attribute("type");
     auto aidlType = stringToProcessingType(typeTag, typeStr);
     RETURN_VALUE_IF(!aidlType.has_value(), false, "illegalStreamType");
@@ -259,7 +258,6 @@
         }
         RETURN_VALUE_IF(!name, false, "noEffectAttribute");
         mProcessingMap[aidlType.value()].emplace_back(mEffectsMap[name]);
-        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " " << typeStr << " : " << name;
     }
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectContext.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectContext.cpp
index 9575790..7b8cfb1 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectContext.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectContext.cpp
@@ -157,7 +157,6 @@
 }
 
 RetCode EffectContext::setCommon(const Parameter::Common& common) {
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << common.toString();
     auto& input = common.input;
     auto& output = common.output;
 
@@ -186,7 +185,6 @@
 }
 
 Parameter::Common EffectContext::getCommon() {
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << mCommon.toString();
     return mCommon;
 }
 
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": wake failure with ret " << ret;
         return RetCode::ERROR_EVENT_FLAG_ERROR;
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " : signal client for reopen";
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << " : signal client for reopen";
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
index 96f13ba..ba5b141 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@
 
 Factory::~Factory() {
     if (auto count = mEffectMap.size()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " remaining " << count
-                   << " effect instances not destroyed indicating resource leak!";
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " remaining " << count
+                     << " effect instances not destroyed indicating resource leak!";
         for (const auto& it : mEffectMap) {
             if (auto spEffect = it.first.lock()) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << " erase remaining instance UUID "
-                           << ::android::audio::utils::toString(it.second.first);
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " erase remaining instance UUID "
+                             << ::android::audio::utils::toString(it.second.first);
                 destroyEffectImpl_l(spEffect);
             }
         }
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
         std::shared_ptr<IEffect> effectSp;
         RETURN_IF_BINDER_EXCEPTION(libInterface->createEffectFunc(&in_impl_uuid, &effectSp));
         if (!effectSp) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": library created null instance without return error!";
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": library created null instance without return error!";
             return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_TRANSACTION_FAILED);
         }
         *_aidl_return = effectSp;
@@ -147,7 +147,6 @@
         AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(effectBinder.get(), SCHED_NORMAL, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
         mEffectMap[std::weak_ptr<IEffect>(effectSp)] =
                 std::make_pair(in_impl_uuid, std::move(effectBinder));
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": instance " << effectSp.get() << " created successfully";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     } else {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": library doesn't exist";
@@ -192,7 +191,6 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::destroyEffect(const std::shared_ptr<IEffect>& in_handle) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": instance " << in_handle.get();
     std::lock_guard lg(mMutex);
     ndk::ScopedAStatus status = destroyEffectImpl_l(in_handle);
     // always do the cleanup
@@ -215,8 +213,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " dlopen lib:" << path
-              << "\nimpl:" << ::android::audio::utils::toString(impl) << "\nhandle:" << libHandle;
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " dlopen lib: " << path
+               << "\nimpl:" << ::android::audio::utils::toString(impl) << "\nhandle:" << libHandle;
     auto interface = new effect_dl_interface_s{nullptr, nullptr, nullptr};
     mEffectLibMap.insert(
             {impl,
@@ -235,11 +233,12 @@
         id.type = typeUuid;
         id.uuid = configLib.uuid;
         id.proxy = proxyUuid;
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " loading lib " << path->second << ": typeUuid "
-                   << ::android::audio::utils::toString(id.type) << "\nimplUuid "
-                   << ::android::audio::utils::toString(id.uuid) << " proxyUuid "
-                   << (proxyUuid.has_value() ? ::android::audio::utils::toString(proxyUuid.value())
-                                             : "null");
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << " loading lib " << path->second << ": typeUuid "
+                     << ::android::audio::utils::toString(id.type) << "\nimplUuid "
+                     << ::android::audio::utils::toString(id.uuid) << " proxyUuid "
+                     << (proxyUuid.has_value()
+                                 ? ::android::audio::utils::toString(proxyUuid.value())
+                                 : "null");
         if (openEffectLibrary(id.uuid, path->second)) {
             mIdentitySet.insert(std::move(id));
         }
@@ -263,8 +262,8 @@
                 createIdentityWithConfig(configLib, type, proxyUuid);
             }
         } else {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": can not find type UUID for effect " << configEffects.first
-                       << " skipping!";
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": can not find type UUID for effect "
+                         << configEffects.first << " skipping!";
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
index 4d7b980..03de74f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectImpl.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
                    << " in state: " << toString(state) << ", status: " << status.getDescription();
         return EX_ILLEGAL_STATE;
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " instance " << instanceSp.get() << " destroyed";
     return EX_NONE;
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@
     }
 
     RETURN_IF(notifyEventFlag(kEventFlagNotEmpty) != RetCode::SUCCESS, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE,
-              "notifyEventFlagFailed");
+              "notifyEventFlagNotEmptyFailed");
     // stop the worker thread, ignore the return code
     RETURN_IF(destroyThread() != RetCode::SUCCESS, EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION,
               "FailedToDestroyWorker");
@@ -231,8 +230,6 @@
 ndk::ScopedAStatus EffectImpl::command(CommandId command) {
     std::lock_guard lg(mImplMutex);
     RETURN_IF(mState == State::INIT, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, "instanceNotOpen");
-    LOG(DEBUG) << getEffectName() << __func__ << ": receive command: " << toString(command)
-               << " at state " << toString(mState);
 
     switch (command) {
         case CommandId::START:
@@ -240,7 +237,7 @@
             RETURN_IF_ASTATUS_NOT_OK(commandImpl(command), "commandImplFailed");
             mState = State::PROCESSING;
             RETURN_IF(notifyEventFlag(kEventFlagNotEmpty) != RetCode::SUCCESS, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE,
-                      "notifyEventFlagFailed");
+                      "notifyEventFlagNotEmptyFailed");
             startThread();
             break;
         case CommandId::STOP:
@@ -248,7 +245,7 @@
             RETURN_OK_IF(mState == State::IDLE);
             mState = State::IDLE;
             RETURN_IF(notifyEventFlag(kEventFlagNotEmpty) != RetCode::SUCCESS, EX_ILLEGAL_STATE,
-                      "notifyEventFlagFailed");
+                      "notifyEventFlagNotEmptyFailed");
             stopThread();
             RETURN_IF_ASTATUS_NOT_OK(commandImpl(command), "commandImplFailed");
             break;
@@ -257,7 +254,7 @@
             return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCodeWithMessage(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
                                                                     "CommandIdNotSupported");
     }
-    LOG(DEBUG) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " transfer to state: " << toString(mState);
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " transfer to state: " << toString(mState);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -294,6 +291,7 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << getEffectName() << __func__ << ": wake failure with ret " << ret;
         return RetCode::ERROR_EVENT_FLAG_ERROR;
     }
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << ": " << std::hex << mEventFlag;
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -306,7 +304,7 @@
 }
 
 void EffectImpl::process() {
-    ATRACE_CALL();
+    ATRACE_NAME(getEffectName().c_str());
     /**
      * wait for the EventFlag without lock, it's ok because the mEfGroup pointer will not change
      * in the life cycle of workerThread (threadLoop).
@@ -344,8 +342,6 @@
             IEffect::Status status = effectProcessImpl(buffer, buffer, processSamples);
             outputMQ->write(buffer, status.fmqProduced);
             statusMQ->writeBlocking(&status, 1);
-            LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << ": done processing, effect consumed "
-                         << status.fmqConsumed << " produced " << status.fmqProduced;
         }
     }
 }
@@ -355,7 +351,6 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
         *out++ = *in++;
     }
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << getEffectName() << __func__ << " done processing " << samples << " samples";
     return {STATUS_OK, samples, samples};
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
index fdd4803..b515385 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectThread.cpp
@@ -27,13 +27,8 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
 
-EffectThread::EffectThread() {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
-}
-
 EffectThread::~EffectThread() {
     destroyThread();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << " done";
 }
 
 RetCode EffectThread::createThread(const std::string& name, int priority) {
@@ -51,7 +46,7 @@
     }
 
     mThread = std::thread(&EffectThread::threadLoop, this);
-    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__ << " priority " << mPriority << " done";
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << mName << __func__ << " priority " << mPriority << " done";
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -66,7 +61,7 @@
         mThread.join();
     }
 
-    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__;
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << mName << __func__;
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +72,7 @@
         mCv.notify_one();
     }
 
-    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__;
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << mName << __func__;
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -88,7 +83,7 @@
         mCv.notify_one();
     }
 
-    LOG(DEBUG) << mName << __func__;
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << mName << __func__;
     return RetCode::SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -101,7 +96,7 @@
             ::android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mThreadMutex);
             mCv.wait(l, [&]() REQUIRES(mThreadMutex) { return mExit || !mStop; });
             if (mExit) {
-                LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " EXIT!";
+                LOG(VERBOSE) << mName << " threadLoop EXIT!";
                 return;
             }
         }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/bluetooth/ModuleBluetooth.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/bluetooth/ModuleBluetooth.cpp
index ac375a0..8c381cd 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/bluetooth/ModuleBluetooth.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/bluetooth/ModuleBluetooth.cpp
@@ -224,31 +224,19 @@
     const auto& devicePort = audioPort->ext.get<AudioPortExt::device>();
     const auto& description = devicePort.device.type;
     // This method must return an error when the device can not be connected.
-    if (description.connection == AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_BT_A2DP) {
-        bool isA2dpEnabled = false;
-        if (!!mBluetoothA2dp) {
-            RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR((*mBluetoothA2dp).isEnabled(&isA2dpEnabled));
-        }
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": isA2dpEnabled: " << isA2dpEnabled;
-        if (!isA2dpEnabled) return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    } else if (description.connection == AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_BT_LE) {
-        bool isLeEnabled = false;
-        if (!!mBluetoothLe) {
-            RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR((*mBluetoothLe).isEnabled(&isLeEnabled));
-        }
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": isLeEnabled: " << isLeEnabled;
-        if (!isLeEnabled) return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    } else if (description.connection == AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_WIRELESS &&
-               description.type == AudioDeviceType::OUT_HEARING_AID) {
-        // Hearing aids can use a number of profiles, no single switch exists.
-    } else {
+    // Since A2DP/LE status events are sent asynchronously, it is more reliable
+    // to attempt connecting to the BT stack rather than judge by the A2DP/LE status.
+    if (description.connection != AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_BT_A2DP &&
+        description.connection != AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_BT_LE &&
+        !(description.connection == AudioDeviceDescription::CONNECTION_WIRELESS &&
+          description.type == AudioDeviceType::OUT_HEARING_AID)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": unsupported device type: " << audioPort->toString();
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
     CachedProxy proxy;
     RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createProxy(*audioPort, nextPortId, proxy));
-    // Since the device is already connected and configured by the BT stack, provide
-    // the current configuration instead of all possible profiles.
+    // If the device is actually connected, it is configured by the BT stack.
+    // Provide the current configuration instead of all possible profiles.
     const auto& pcmConfig = proxy.pcmConfig;
     audioPort->profiles.clear();
     audioPort->profiles.push_back(
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h
index 3dbb0e6..ec2a658 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effect-impl/EffectThread.h
@@ -31,11 +31,9 @@
 
 class EffectThread {
   public:
-    // default priority is same as HIDL: ANDROID_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO
-    EffectThread();
     virtual ~EffectThread();
 
-    // called by effect implementation.
+    // called by effect implementation
     RetCode createThread(const std::string& name, int priority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_URGENT_AUDIO);
     RetCode destroyThread();
     RetCode startThread();
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
index 8605628..c72ec69 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@
 TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
                                  TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, int64_t display, uint32_t width,
                                  uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format,
-                                 Composition composition)
-    : TestLayer{client, display}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
+                                 ComposerClientWriter& writer, Composition composition)
+    : TestLayer{client, display, writer}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
     mComposition = composition;
     mWidth = width;
     mHeight = height;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
index ee20573..8ac0f4b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@
 
 class TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display)
+    TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display,
+              ComposerClientWriter& writer)
         : mDisplay(display) {
-        const auto& [status, layer] = client->createLayer(display, kBufferSlotCount);
+        const auto& [status, layer] = client->createLayer(display, kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         mLayer = layer;
     }
@@ -108,8 +109,9 @@
 
 class TestColorLayer : public TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestColorLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display)
-        : TestLayer{client, display} {}
+    TestColorLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display,
+                   ComposerClientWriter& writer)
+        : TestLayer{client, display, writer} {}
 
     void write(ComposerClientWriter& writer) override;
 
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@
   public:
     TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
                     TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, int64_t display, uint32_t width,
-                    uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format,
+                    uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format, ComposerClientWriter& writer,
                     Composition composition = Composition::DEVICE);
 
     void write(ComposerClientWriter& writer) override;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
index ac08cd1..2c24bfb 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@
         mComposer = IComposer::fromBinder(binder);
         ALOGE_IF(mComposer == nullptr, "Failed to acquire the composer from the binder");
     }
+
+    const auto& [status, capabilities] = getCapabilities();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    if (std::any_of(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(), [&](const Capability& cap) {
+            return cap == Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND;
+        })) {
+        mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer = true;
+    }
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::createClient() {
@@ -54,8 +62,8 @@
     return mComposerClient->registerCallback(mComposerCallback);
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::tearDown() {
-    return verifyComposerCallbackParams() && destroyAllLayers();
+bool VtsComposerClient::tearDown(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+    return verifyComposerCallbackParams() && destroyAllLayers(writer);
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getInterfaceVersion() const {
@@ -86,7 +94,16 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> VtsComposerClient::createLayer(int64_t display,
-                                                                 int32_t bufferSlotCount) {
+                                                                 int32_t bufferSlotCount,
+                                                                 ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+    if (mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer) {
+        int64_t layer = mNextLayerHandle++;
+        writer->setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display, layer,
+                                                  LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+        writer->setNewBufferSlotCount(display, layer, bufferSlotCount);
+        return {addLayerToDisplayResources(display, layer), layer};
+    }
+
     int64_t outLayer;
     auto status = mComposerClient->createLayer(display, bufferSlotCount, &outLayer);
 
@@ -96,14 +113,20 @@
     return {addLayerToDisplayResources(display, outLayer), outLayer};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer) {
-    auto status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
-
-    if (!status.isOk()) {
-        return status;
+ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer,
+                                              ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+    if (mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer) {
+        writer->setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display, layer,
+                                                  LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
+    } else {
+        auto status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            return status;
+        }
     }
+
     removeLayerFromDisplayResources(display, layer);
-    return status;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getActiveConfig(int64_t display) {
@@ -632,7 +655,7 @@
     return interfaceVersion >= 3;
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::destroyAllLayers() {
+bool VtsComposerClient::destroyAllLayers(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
     std::unordered_map<int64_t, DisplayResource> physicalDisplays;
     while (!mDisplayResources.empty()) {
         const auto& it = mDisplayResources.begin();
@@ -640,7 +663,7 @@
 
         while (!resource.layers.empty()) {
             auto layer = *resource.layers.begin();
-            const auto status = destroyLayer(display, layer);
+            const auto status = destroyLayer(display, layer, writer);
             if (!status.isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("Unable to destroy all the layers, failed at layer %" PRId64 " with error %s",
                       layer, status.getDescription().c_str());
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
index 292bc40..fabc82a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@
 
     ScopedAStatus createClient();
 
-    bool tearDown();
+    bool tearDown(ComposerClientWriter*);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getInterfaceVersion() const;
 
@@ -69,9 +70,10 @@
 
     ScopedAStatus destroyVirtualDisplay(int64_t display);
 
-    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> createLayer(int64_t display, int32_t bufferSlotCount);
+    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> createLayer(int64_t display, int32_t bufferSlotCount,
+                                                  ComposerClientWriter*);
 
-    ScopedAStatus destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer);
+    ScopedAStatus destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer, ComposerClientWriter*);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getActiveConfig(int64_t display);
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@
 
     void removeLayerFromDisplayResources(int64_t display, int64_t layer);
 
-    bool destroyAllLayers();
+    bool destroyAllLayers(ComposerClientWriter*);
 
     bool verifyComposerCallbackParams();
 
@@ -229,6 +231,8 @@
     std::shared_ptr<IComposerClient> mComposerClient;
     std::shared_ptr<GraphicsComposerCallback> mComposerCallback;
     std::unordered_map<int64_t, DisplayResource> mDisplayResources;
+    bool mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer = false;
+    std::atomic<int64_t> mNextLayerHandle = 1;
 };
 
 class VtsDisplay {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
index 2e3f4df..164e6d5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(mWriter.get()));
         mComposerClient.reset();
         const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -201,7 +201,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto layer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         common::Rect coloredSquare({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setColor(BLUE);
         layer->setDisplayFrame(coloredSquare);
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@
 
         auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -315,7 +316,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto layer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         common::Rect coloredSquare({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setColor(BLUE);
         layer->setDisplayFrame(coloredSquare);
@@ -454,9 +456,9 @@
                 expectedColors, getDisplayWidth(),
                 {0, getDisplayHeight() / 2, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()}, BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -550,7 +552,7 @@
 
         auto deviceLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight() / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                getDisplayHeight() / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         std::vector<Color> deviceColors(deviceLayer->getWidth() * deviceLayer->getHeight());
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(deviceColors, static_cast<int32_t>(deviceLayer->getWidth()),
                                        {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(deviceLayer->getWidth()),
@@ -574,7 +576,7 @@
 
         auto clientLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), clientWidth,
-                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, Composition::DEVICE);
+                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, *mWriter, Composition::DEVICE);
         common::Rect clientFrame = {0, getDisplayHeight() / 2, getDisplayWidth(),
                                     getDisplayHeight()};
         clientLayer->setDisplayFrame(clientFrame);
@@ -643,9 +645,9 @@
                 static_cast<size_t>(getDisplayWidth() * getDisplayHeight()));
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, getDisplayWidth(), redRect, RED);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -714,7 +716,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto layer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         layer->setColor(RED);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
@@ -774,9 +777,9 @@
                 expectedColors, getDisplayWidth(),
                 {0, getDisplayHeight() / 2, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()}, BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -828,11 +831,13 @@
 
         common::Rect redRect = {0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight() / 2};
         common::Rect blueRect = {0, getDisplayHeight() / 4, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()};
-        auto redLayer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto redLayer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         redLayer->setColor(RED);
         redLayer->setDisplayFrame(redRect);
 
-        auto blueLayer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto blueLayer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         blueLayer->setColor(BLUE);
         blueLayer->setDisplayFrame(blueRect);
         blueLayer->setZOrder(5);
@@ -914,14 +919,14 @@
         static constexpr float kMaxBrightnessNits = 300.f;
 
         const auto redLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         redLayer->setColor(RED);
         redLayer->setDisplayFrame(redRect);
         redLayer->setWhitePointNits(kMaxBrightnessNits);
         redLayer->setBrightness(1.f);
 
         const auto dimmerRedLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         dimmerRedLayer->setColor(RED);
         dimmerRedLayer->setDisplayFrame(dimmerRedRect);
         // Intentionally use a small dimming ratio as some implementations may be more likely to
@@ -992,14 +997,14 @@
                                        mTopLayerColor);
 
         auto backgroundLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         backgroundLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
         backgroundLayer->setColor(mBackgroundColor);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
@@ -1190,7 +1195,7 @@
         GraphicsCompositionTest::SetUp();
 
         auto backgroundLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         backgroundLayer->setColor({0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
         backgroundLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
@@ -1202,7 +1207,7 @@
 
         mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
                                                    getPrimaryDisplayId(), mSideLength, mSideLength,
-                                                   PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                                                   PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mSideLength, mSideLength});
         mLayer->setZOrder(10);
 
@@ -1388,7 +1393,7 @@
     void makeLayer() {
         mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         mLayer->setZOrder(10);
         mLayer->setAlpha(1.f);
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
index 086d290..d250562 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(nullptr));
         mComposerClient.reset();
     }
 
@@ -832,36 +832,58 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, CreateLayer) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Create layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, CreateLayer_BadDisplay) {
-    const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->createLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Create layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& [status, _] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, DestroyLayer_BadDisplay) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Destroy layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const auto& destroyStatus = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer);
+    const auto& destroyStatus =
+            mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(destroyStatus.isOk());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             assertServiceSpecificError(destroyStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, DestroyLayer_BadLayerError) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Destroy layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
     // We haven't created any layers yet, so any id should be invalid
-    const auto& status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*layer*/ 1);
+    const auto& status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*layer*/ 1, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER));
@@ -1171,6 +1193,12 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, LayerLifecycleCapabilityNotSupportedOnOldVersions) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        EXPECT_GE(getInterfaceVersion(), 3);
+    }
+}
+
 class GraphicsComposerAidlV2Test : public GraphicsComposerAidlTest {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
@@ -1376,6 +1404,7 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
 
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(&getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId())));
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerAidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
@@ -1463,10 +1492,10 @@
                                            RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC)
                             .isOk());
 
-        const auto& [status, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         {
             const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
             ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
@@ -1506,7 +1535,7 @@
             execute();
         }
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
     }
 
     sp<::android::Fence> presentAndGetFence(
@@ -1541,15 +1570,16 @@
     }
 
     int64_t createOnScreenLayer(Composition composition = Composition::DEVICE) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
         const auto& [status, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
                           getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
         FRect cropRect{0, 0, (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
                        (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
         configureLayer(getPrimaryDisplay(), layer, composition, displayFrame, cropRect);
-        auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+
         writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, common::Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
         return layer;
     }
@@ -1758,10 +1788,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerColorTransform) {
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    const auto& [status, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     writer.setLayerColorTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, kIdentity.data());
     execute();
 
@@ -1900,7 +1930,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
         const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
         Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
@@ -1937,15 +1967,15 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerCursorPosition) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
 
     Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
@@ -1981,19 +2011,19 @@
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBufferMultipleTimes) {
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     // Setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active. Then, emulate the
     // Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots by setting all but the active buffer
@@ -2041,14 +2071,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSurfaceDamage) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
     Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2063,14 +2093,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBlockingRegion) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
     Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2085,11 +2115,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBlendMode) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerBlendMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::NONE);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2104,11 +2134,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerColor) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerColor(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Color{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2119,11 +2149,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerCompositionType) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerCompositionType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Composition::CLIENT);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2142,8 +2172,9 @@
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, DisplayDecoration) {
     for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
         const auto [layerStatus, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
         const auto [error, support] =
@@ -2166,8 +2197,7 @@
         }
 
         configureLayer(display, layer, Composition::DISPLAY_DECORATION, display.getFrameRect(),
-                          display.getCrop());
-        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+                       display.getCrop());
         writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, decorBuffer->handle,
                               /*acquireFence*/ -1);
         writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
@@ -2184,31 +2214,31 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerDataspace) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerDisplayFrame) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerDisplayFrame(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Rect{0, 0, 1, 1});
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerPlaneAlpha) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*alpha*/ 0.0f);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2228,31 +2258,31 @@
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerSidebandStream(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, handle);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSourceCrop) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerSourceCrop(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, FRect{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerTransform) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, static_cast<Transform>(0));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2291,14 +2321,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerVisibleRegion) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
     Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2313,11 +2343,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerZOrder) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerZOrder(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*z*/ 10);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2328,8 +2359,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerPerFrameMetadata) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     /**
@@ -2344,7 +2376,6 @@
      *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
      */
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     std::vector<PerFrameMetadata> aidlMetadata;
     aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_X, 0.680f});
     aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_Y, 0.320f});
@@ -2364,18 +2395,19 @@
     const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
     if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "SetLayerPerFrameMetadata is not supported";
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
         return;
     }
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, setLayerBrightness) {
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+
+    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+
     writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 0.2f);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2604,12 +2636,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test, SetLayerBufferSlotsToClear) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     // Older HAL versions use a backwards compatible way of clearing buffer slots
     // HAL at version 1 or lower does not have LayerCommand::bufferSlotsToClear
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
 
     // setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active
     // then emulate the Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots
@@ -2868,7 +2900,8 @@
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
 
-        const auto& [status, layer] = mComposerClient->createLayer(displayId, kBufferSlotCount);
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(displayId, kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
         ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK, buffer->initCheck());
@@ -2918,7 +2951,8 @@
     }
 
     for (auto& [displayId, layer] : layers) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(displayId, layer).isOk());
+        auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(displayId, layer, &writer).isOk());
     }
 
     std::lock_guard guard{readersMutex};
@@ -2928,22 +2962,22 @@
     }
 }
 
-class GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest : public GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest {
+class GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test : public GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
-        GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest::SetUp();
+        GraphicsComposerAidlTest::SetUp();
         if (getInterfaceVersion() <= 2) {
             GTEST_SKIP() << "Device interface version is expected to be >= 3";
         }
     }
-    void TearDown() override {
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerAidlTest::TearDown());
-    }
 };
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest, CreateBatchedCommand) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, CreateBatchedCommand) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     int64_t layer = 5;
     writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
@@ -2955,7 +2989,30 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 }
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest, DestroyBatchedCommand) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, CreateBatchedCommand_BadDisplay) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    int64_t layer = 5;
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+    writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
+    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+    execute();
+    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, DestroyBatchedCommand) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     int64_t layer = 5;
     writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
@@ -2973,10 +3030,42 @@
     writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
 
     execute();
+    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, DestroyBatchedCommand_BadDisplay) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    int64_t layer = 5;
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+    writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
+    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+    execute();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
+    layer++;
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+    writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
+
+    execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 }
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest, NoCreateDestroyBatchedCommandIncorrectLayer) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, NoCreateDestroyBatchedCommandIncorrectLayer) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     int64_t layer = 5;
     writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
@@ -2986,11 +3075,6 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER);
 }
 
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
-        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest,
@@ -3016,6 +3100,11 @@
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test,
         testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
         ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test,
+        testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
+        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h
index 75e436d..23de7b9 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h
+++ b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
  *
  * Vendor-provided metadata should be prefixed with a "vendor.mycompanyname.*" namespace. It is
  * recommended that the metadata follows the pattern of StandardMetadaType.aidl. That is, an
- * aidl-defined enum with @VendorStability on it and the naming then matching that type such
+ * aidl-defined enum with @VintfStability on it and the naming then matching that type such
  * as "vendor.mycompanyname.graphics.common.MetadataType" with the value field then set to the
  * aidl's enum value.
  *
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/Android.bp b/nfc/aidl/default/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cda51d..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-package {
-    default_team: "trendy_team_fwk_nfc",
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
-}
-
-cc_binary {
-    name: "android.hardware.nfc-service.example",
-    relative_install_path: "hw",
-    init_rc: ["nfc-service-example.rc"],
-    vintf_fragments: ["nfc-service-example.xml"],
-    vendor: true,
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutils",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "android.hardware.nfc-V1-ndk",
-    ],
-    srcs: [
-        "main.cpp",
-        "Nfc.cpp",
-        "Vendor_hal_api.cpp",
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/Nfc.cpp b/nfc/aidl/default/Nfc.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4685b59..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/Nfc.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,160 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "Nfc.h"
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-#include "Vendor_hal_api.h"
-
-namespace aidl {
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace nfc {
-
-std::shared_ptr<INfcClientCallback> Nfc::mCallback = nullptr;
-AIBinder_DeathRecipient* clientDeathRecipient = nullptr;
-
-void OnDeath(void* cookie) {
-    if (Nfc::mCallback != nullptr && !AIBinder_isAlive(Nfc::mCallback->asBinder().get())) {
-        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " Nfc service has died";
-        Nfc* nfc = static_cast<Nfc*>(cookie);
-        nfc->close(NfcCloseType::DISABLE);
-    }
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::open(const std::shared_ptr<INfcClientCallback>& clientCallback) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "open";
-    if (clientCallback == nullptr) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "Nfc::open null callback";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-    }
-    Nfc::mCallback = clientCallback;
-
-    clientDeathRecipient = AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(OnDeath);
-    auto linkRet = AIBinder_linkToDeath(clientCallback->asBinder().get(), clientDeathRecipient,
-                                        this /* cookie */);
-    if (linkRet != STATUS_OK) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": linkToDeath failed: " << linkRet;
-        // Just ignore the error.
-    }
-
-    int ret = Vendor_hal_open(eventCallback, dataCallback);
-    return ret == 0 ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
-                    : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::close(NfcCloseType type) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "close";
-    if (Nfc::mCallback == nullptr) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "mCallback null";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-    }
-    int ret = 0;
-    if (type == NfcCloseType::HOST_SWITCHED_OFF) {
-        ret = Vendor_hal_close_off();
-    } else {
-        ret = Vendor_hal_close();
-    }
-    Nfc::mCallback = nullptr;
-    AIBinder_DeathRecipient_delete(clientDeathRecipient);
-    clientDeathRecipient = nullptr;
-    return ret == 0 ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
-                    : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::coreInitialized() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "coreInitialized";
-    if (Nfc::mCallback == nullptr) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "mCallback null";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-    }
-    int ret = Vendor_hal_core_initialized();
-
-    return ret == 0 ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
-                    : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::factoryReset() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "factoryReset";
-    Vendor_hal_factoryReset();
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::getConfig(NfcConfig* _aidl_return) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "getConfig";
-    NfcConfig nfcVendorConfig;
-    Vendor_hal_getConfig(nfcVendorConfig);
-
-    *_aidl_return = nfcVendorConfig;
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::powerCycle() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "powerCycle";
-    if (Nfc::mCallback == nullptr) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "mCallback null";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-    }
-    return Vendor_hal_power_cycle() ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                                              static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED))
-                                    : ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::preDiscover() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "preDiscover";
-    if (Nfc::mCallback == nullptr) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "mCallback null";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-    }
-    return Vendor_hal_pre_discover() ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                                               static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED))
-                                     : ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::write(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "write";
-    if (Nfc::mCallback == nullptr) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "mCallback null";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-                static_cast<int32_t>(NfcStatus::FAILED));
-    }
-    *_aidl_return = Vendor_hal_write(data.size(), &data[0]);
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::setEnableVerboseLogging(bool enable) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "setVerboseLogging";
-    Vendor_hal_setVerboseLogging(enable);
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-::ndk::ScopedAStatus Nfc::isVerboseLoggingEnabled(bool* _aidl_return) {
-    *_aidl_return = Vendor_hal_getVerboseLogging();
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-}  // namespace nfc
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
-}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/Nfc.h b/nfc/aidl/default/Nfc.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b14534..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/Nfc.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/BnNfc.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/INfcClientCallback.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-namespace aidl {
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace nfc {
-
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::nfc::NfcCloseType;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::nfc::NfcConfig;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::nfc::NfcStatus;
-
-// Default implementation that reports no support NFC.
-struct Nfc : public BnNfc {
-  public:
-    Nfc() = default;
-
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus open(const std::shared_ptr<INfcClientCallback>& clientCallback) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus close(NfcCloseType type) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus coreInitialized() override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus factoryReset() override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(NfcConfig* _aidl_return) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus powerCycle() override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus preDiscover() override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data, int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setEnableVerboseLogging(bool enable) override;
-    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isVerboseLoggingEnabled(bool* _aidl_return) override;
-
-    static void eventCallback(uint8_t event, uint8_t status) {
-        if (mCallback != nullptr) {
-            auto ret = mCallback->sendEvent((NfcEvent)event, (NfcStatus)status);
-            if (!ret.isOk()) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send event!";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    static void dataCallback(uint16_t data_len, uint8_t* p_data) {
-        std::vector<uint8_t> data(p_data, p_data + data_len);
-        if (mCallback != nullptr) {
-            auto ret = mCallback->sendData(data);
-            if (!ret.isOk()) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send data!";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    static std::shared_ptr<INfcClientCallback> mCallback;
-};
-
-}  // namespace nfc
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
-}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/Vendor_hal_api.cpp b/nfc/aidl/default/Vendor_hal_api.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 66a2ebc..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/Vendor_hal_api.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "Vendor_hal_api.h"
-
-bool logging = false;
-
-int Vendor_hal_open(nfc_stack_callback_t* p_cback, nfc_stack_data_callback_t* p_data_cback) {
-    (void)p_cback;
-    (void)p_data_cback;
-    // nothing to open in this example
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int Vendor_hal_write(uint16_t data_len, const uint8_t* p_data) {
-    (void)data_len;
-    (void)p_data;
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int Vendor_hal_core_initialized() {
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int Vendor_hal_pre_discover() {
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int Vendor_hal_close() {
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int Vendor_hal_close_off() {
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int Vendor_hal_power_cycle() {
-    return -1;
-}
-
-void Vendor_hal_factoryReset() {}
-
-void Vendor_hal_getConfig(NfcConfig& config) {
-    (void)config;
-}
-
-void Vendor_hal_setVerboseLogging(bool enable) {
-    logging = enable;
-}
-
-bool Vendor_hal_getVerboseLogging() {
-    return logging;
-}
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/Vendor_hal_api.h b/nfc/aidl/default/Vendor_hal_api.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 595c2dd..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/Vendor_hal_api.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/INfc.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/NfcConfig.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/NfcEvent.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/NfcStatus.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/PresenceCheckAlgorithm.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/ProtocolDiscoveryConfig.h>
-#include "hardware_nfc.h"
-
-using aidl::android::hardware::nfc::NfcConfig;
-using aidl::android::hardware::nfc::NfcEvent;
-using aidl::android::hardware::nfc::NfcStatus;
-using aidl::android::hardware::nfc::PresenceCheckAlgorithm;
-using aidl::android::hardware::nfc::ProtocolDiscoveryConfig;
-
-int Vendor_hal_open(nfc_stack_callback_t* p_cback, nfc_stack_data_callback_t* p_data_cback);
-int Vendor_hal_write(uint16_t data_len, const uint8_t* p_data);
-
-int Vendor_hal_core_initialized();
-
-int Vendor_hal_pre_discover();
-
-int Vendor_hal_close();
-
-int Vendor_hal_close_off();
-
-int Vendor_hal_power_cycle();
-
-void Vendor_hal_factoryReset();
-
-void Vendor_hal_getConfig(NfcConfig& config);
-
-void Vendor_hal_setVerboseLogging(bool enable);
-
-bool Vendor_hal_getVerboseLogging();
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/hardware_nfc.h b/nfc/aidl/default/hardware_nfc.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f856c5..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/hardware_nfc.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-
-typedef uint8_t nfc_event_t;
-typedef uint8_t nfc_status_t;
-
-/*
- * The callback passed in from the NFC stack that the HAL
- * can use to pass events back to the stack.
- */
-typedef void(nfc_stack_callback_t)(nfc_event_t event, nfc_status_t event_status);
-
-/*
- * The callback passed in from the NFC stack that the HAL
- * can use to pass incomming data to the stack.
- */
-typedef void(nfc_stack_data_callback_t)(uint16_t data_len, uint8_t* p_data);
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/main.cpp b/nfc/aidl/default/main.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0cc51e7..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/main.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
-#include <android/binder_process.h>
-
-#include "Nfc.h"
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::nfc::Nfc;
-
-int main() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "NFC HAL starting up";
-    if (!ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1)) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "failed to set thread pool max thread count";
-        return 1;
-    }
-    std::shared_ptr<Nfc> nfc_service = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Nfc>();
-
-    const std::string instance = std::string() + Nfc::descriptor + "/default";
-    binder_status_t status =
-            AServiceManager_addService(nfc_service->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
-    CHECK(status == STATUS_OK);
-    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/nfc-service-example.rc b/nfc/aidl/default/nfc-service-example.rc
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d7052e..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/nfc-service-example.rc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-service nfc_hal_service /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.nfc-service.st
-    class hal
-    user nfc
-    group nfc
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/default/nfc-service-example.xml b/nfc/aidl/default/nfc-service-example.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 70fed20..0000000
--- a/nfc/aidl/default/nfc-service-example.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
-    <hal format="aidl">
-        <name>android.hardware.nfc</name>
-        <fqname>INfc/default</fqname>
-    </hal>
-</manifest>
diff --git a/sensors/OWNERS b/sensors/OWNERS
index e7ebd3e..5017a9a 100644
--- a/sensors/OWNERS
+++ b/sensors/OWNERS
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
 # Bug component: 62965
 
-arthuri@google.com
 bduddie@google.com
-stange@google.com
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs b/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs
index 62fe229..878aa64 100644
--- a/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs
+++ b/uwb/aidl/default/src/uwb_chip.rs
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@
                 // Read the payload bytes.
                 read_exact(reader.get_mut(), &mut buffer[UWB_HEADER_SIZE..]).unwrap();
 
+                log::debug!(" <-- {:?}", buffer);
                 client_callbacks.onUciMessage(&buffer).unwrap();
             }
         });
@@ -295,10 +296,13 @@
         log::debug!("sendUciMessage");
 
         if let State::Opened { ref mut serial, .. } = &mut *self.state.lock().await {
-            serial
-                .write(data)
-                .map(|written| written as i32)
-                .map_err(|_| binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into())
+            log::debug!(" --> {:?}", data);
+            let result = serial
+                .write_all(data)
+                .map(|_| data.len() as i32)
+                .map_err(|_| binder::StatusCode::UNKNOWN_ERROR.into());
+            log::debug!(" status: {:?}", result);
+            result
         } else {
             Err(binder::ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE.into())
         }