diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index deb420d..0ec9fe3 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -997,7 +997,8 @@
                 frameNumber(0),
                 partialResultCount(0),
                 errorStreamId(-1),
-                hasInputBuffer(false) {}
+                hasInputBuffer(false),
+                collectedResult(1, 10) {}
 
         InFlightRequest(ssize_t numBuffers, bool hasInput,
                 bool partialResults, uint32_t partialCount,
@@ -1013,7 +1014,8 @@
                 frameNumber(0),
                 partialResultCount(0),
                 errorStreamId(-1),
-                hasInputBuffer(hasInput) {}
+                hasInputBuffer(hasInput),
+                collectedResult(1, 10) {}
 
         InFlightRequest(ssize_t numBuffers, bool hasInput,
                 bool partialResults, uint32_t partialCount,
@@ -1031,6 +1033,7 @@
                 partialResultCount(0),
                 errorStreamId(-1),
                 hasInputBuffer(hasInput),
+                collectedResult(1, 10),
                 expectedPhysicalResults(extraPhysicalResult) {}
     };
 
@@ -1313,7 +1316,7 @@
                 reinterpret_cast<const camera_metadata_t*>(resultMetadata.data());
         const camera_metadata_t* collectedMetadata = request->collectedResult.getAndLock();
         camera_metadata_ro_entry_t searchEntry, foundEntry;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < get_camera_metadata_size(partialMetadata); i++) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < get_camera_metadata_entry_count(partialMetadata); i++) {
             if (0 != get_camera_metadata_ro_entry(partialMetadata, i, &searchEntry)) {
                 ADD_FAILURE();
                 request->collectedResult.unlock(collectedMetadata);
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp
index cae9499..a66bfc1 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(mMinIntervalMillis));
         }
     });
+    mThread.detach();
 }
 
 void GnssMeasurementInterface::stop() {
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
index 4789204..8c4e0c3 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@
 namespace test {
 
 namespace {
+
+// Overhead for PKCS#1 v1.5 signature padding of undigested messages.  Digested messages have
+// additional overhead, for the digest algorithmIdentifier required by PKCS#1.
+const size_t kPkcs1UndigestedSignaturePaddingOverhead = 11;
+
 typedef KeyMintAidlTestBase::KeyData KeyData;
 // Predicate for testing basic characteristics validity in generation or import.
 bool KeyCharacteristicsBasicallyValid(SecurityLevel secLevel,
@@ -590,6 +595,205 @@
     VerifyMessage(key_blob_, message, signature, params);
 }
 
+void KeyMintAidlTestBase::LocalVerifyMessage(const string& message, const string& signature,
+                                             const AuthorizationSet& params) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("LocalVerifyMessage");
+
+    // Retrieve the public key from the leaf certificate.
+    ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
+    X509_Ptr key_cert(parse_cert_blob(cert_chain_[0].encodedCertificate));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(key_cert.get());
+    EVP_PKEY_Ptr pub_key(X509_get_pubkey(key_cert.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pub_key.get());
+
+    Digest digest = params.GetTagValue(TAG_DIGEST).value();
+    PaddingMode padding = PaddingMode::NONE;
+    auto tag = params.GetTagValue(TAG_PADDING);
+    if (tag.has_value()) {
+        padding = tag.value();
+    }
+
+    if (digest == Digest::NONE) {
+        switch (EVP_PKEY_id(pub_key.get())) {
+            case EVP_PKEY_EC: {
+                vector<uint8_t> data((EVP_PKEY_bits(pub_key.get()) + 7) / 8);
+                size_t data_size = std::min(data.size(), message.size());
+                memcpy(data.data(), message.data(), data_size);
+                EC_KEY_Ptr ecdsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_EC_KEY(pub_key.get()));
+                ASSERT_TRUE(ecdsa.get());
+                ASSERT_EQ(1,
+                          ECDSA_verify(0, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data.data()), data_size,
+                                       reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(signature.data()),
+                                       signature.size(), ecdsa.get()));
+                break;
+            }
+            case EVP_PKEY_RSA: {
+                vector<uint8_t> data(EVP_PKEY_size(pub_key.get()));
+                size_t data_size = std::min(data.size(), message.size());
+                memcpy(data.data(), message.data(), data_size);
+
+                RSA_Ptr rsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(const_cast<EVP_PKEY*>(pub_key.get())));
+                ASSERT_TRUE(rsa.get());
+
+                size_t key_len = RSA_size(rsa.get());
+                int openssl_padding = RSA_NO_PADDING;
+                switch (padding) {
+                    case PaddingMode::NONE:
+                        ASSERT_TRUE(data_size <= key_len);
+                        ASSERT_EQ(key_len, signature.size());
+                        openssl_padding = RSA_NO_PADDING;
+                        break;
+                    case PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN:
+                        ASSERT_TRUE(data_size + kPkcs1UndigestedSignaturePaddingOverhead <=
+                                    key_len);
+                        openssl_padding = RSA_PKCS1_PADDING;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        ADD_FAILURE() << "Unsupported RSA padding mode " << padding;
+                }
+
+                vector<uint8_t> decrypted_data(key_len);
+                int bytes_decrypted = RSA_public_decrypt(
+                        signature.size(), reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(signature.data()),
+                        decrypted_data.data(), rsa.get(), openssl_padding);
+                ASSERT_GE(bytes_decrypted, 0);
+
+                const uint8_t* compare_pos = decrypted_data.data();
+                size_t bytes_to_compare = bytes_decrypted;
+                uint8_t zero_check_result = 0;
+                if (padding == PaddingMode::NONE && data_size < bytes_to_compare) {
+                    // If the data is short, for "unpadded" signing we zero-pad to the left.  So
+                    // during verification we should have zeros on the left of the decrypted data.
+                    // Do a constant-time check.
+                    const uint8_t* zero_end = compare_pos + bytes_to_compare - data_size;
+                    while (compare_pos < zero_end) zero_check_result |= *compare_pos++;
+                    ASSERT_EQ(0, zero_check_result);
+                    bytes_to_compare = data_size;
+                }
+                ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(compare_pos, data.data(), bytes_to_compare));
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Unknown public key type";
+        }
+    } else {
+        EVP_MD_CTX digest_ctx;
+        EVP_MD_CTX_init(&digest_ctx);
+        EVP_PKEY_CTX* pkey_ctx;
+        const EVP_MD* md = openssl_digest(digest);
+        ASSERT_NE(md, nullptr);
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyInit(&digest_ctx, &pkey_ctx, md, nullptr, pub_key.get()));
+
+        if (padding == PaddingMode::RSA_PSS) {
+            EXPECT_GT(EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(pkey_ctx, RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING), 0);
+            EXPECT_GT(EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkey_ctx, EVP_MD_size(md)), 0);
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyUpdate(&digest_ctx,
+                                            reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(message.data()),
+                                            message.size()));
+        ASSERT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyFinal(&digest_ctx,
+                                           reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(signature.data()),
+                                           signature.size()));
+        EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&digest_ctx);
+    }
+}
+
+string KeyMintAidlTestBase::LocalRsaEncryptMessage(const string& message,
+                                                   const AuthorizationSet& params) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE("LocalRsaEncryptMessage");
+
+    // Retrieve the public key from the leaf certificate.
+    if (cert_chain_.empty()) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "No public key available";
+        return "Failure";
+    }
+    X509_Ptr key_cert(parse_cert_blob(cert_chain_[0].encodedCertificate));
+    EVP_PKEY_Ptr pub_key(X509_get_pubkey(key_cert.get()));
+    RSA_Ptr rsa(EVP_PKEY_get1_RSA(const_cast<EVP_PKEY*>(pub_key.get())));
+
+    // Retrieve relevant tags.
+    Digest digest = Digest::NONE;
+    Digest mgf_digest = Digest::NONE;
+    PaddingMode padding = PaddingMode::NONE;
+
+    auto digest_tag = params.GetTagValue(TAG_DIGEST);
+    if (digest_tag.has_value()) digest = digest_tag.value();
+    auto pad_tag = params.GetTagValue(TAG_PADDING);
+    if (pad_tag.has_value()) padding = pad_tag.value();
+    auto mgf_tag = params.GetTagValue(TAG_RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST);
+    if (mgf_tag.has_value()) mgf_digest = mgf_tag.value();
+
+    const EVP_MD* md = openssl_digest(digest);
+    const EVP_MD* mgf_md = openssl_digest(mgf_digest);
+
+    // Set up encryption context.
+    EVP_PKEY_CTX_Ptr ctx(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pub_key.get(), /* engine= */ nullptr));
+    if (EVP_PKEY_encrypt_init(ctx.get()) <= 0) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Encryption init failed: " << ERR_peek_last_error();
+        return "Failure";
+    }
+
+    int rc = -1;
+    switch (padding) {
+        case PaddingMode::NONE:
+            rc = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(ctx.get(), RSA_NO_PADDING);
+            break;
+        case PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT:
+            rc = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(ctx.get(), RSA_PKCS1_PADDING);
+            break;
+        case PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP:
+            rc = EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(ctx.get(), RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING);
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    if (rc <= 0) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Set padding failed: " << ERR_peek_last_error();
+        return "Failure";
+    }
+    if (padding == PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP) {
+        if (!EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_oaep_md(ctx.get(), md)) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Set digest failed: " << ERR_peek_last_error();
+            return "Failure";
+        }
+        if (!EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_mgf1_md(ctx.get(), mgf_md)) {
+            ADD_FAILURE() << "Set MGF digest failed: " << ERR_peek_last_error();
+            return "Failure";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Determine output size.
+    size_t outlen;
+    if (EVP_PKEY_encrypt(ctx.get(), nullptr /* out */, &outlen,
+                         reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(message.data()), message.size()) <= 0) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Determine output size failed: " << ERR_peek_last_error();
+        return "Failure";
+    }
+
+    // Left-zero-pad the input if necessary.
+    const uint8_t* to_encrypt = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(message.data());
+    size_t to_encrypt_len = message.size();
+
+    std::unique_ptr<string> zero_padded_message;
+    if (padding == PaddingMode::NONE && to_encrypt_len < outlen) {
+        zero_padded_message.reset(new string(outlen, '\0'));
+        memcpy(zero_padded_message->data() + (outlen - to_encrypt_len), message.data(),
+               message.size());
+        to_encrypt = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(zero_padded_message->data());
+        to_encrypt_len = outlen;
+    }
+
+    // Do the encryption.
+    string output(outlen, '\0');
+    if (EVP_PKEY_encrypt(ctx.get(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(output.data()), &outlen, to_encrypt,
+                         to_encrypt_len) <= 0) {
+        ADD_FAILURE() << "Encryption failed: " << ERR_peek_last_error();
+        return "Failure";
+    }
+    return output;
+}
+
 string KeyMintAidlTestBase::EncryptMessage(const vector<uint8_t>& key_blob, const string& message,
                                            const AuthorizationSet& in_params,
                                            AuthorizationSet* out_params) {
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
index cb38938..d8f1bb3 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
@@ -162,7 +162,10 @@
                        const string& signature, const AuthorizationSet& params);
     void VerifyMessage(const string& message, const string& signature,
                        const AuthorizationSet& params);
+    void LocalVerifyMessage(const string& message, const string& signature,
+                            const AuthorizationSet& params);
 
+    string LocalRsaEncryptMessage(const string& message, const AuthorizationSet& params);
     string EncryptMessage(const vector<uint8_t>& key_blob, const string& message,
                           const AuthorizationSet& in_params, AuthorizationSet* out_params);
     string EncryptMessage(const string& message, const AuthorizationSet& params,
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
index bcf8b95..293a010 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
@@ -482,7 +482,6 @@
     void CheckBaseParams(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& keyCharacteristics) {
         AuthorizationSet auths = CheckCommonParams(keyCharacteristics);
         EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::SIGN));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::VERIFY));
 
         // Check that some unexpected tags/values are NOT present.
         EXPECT_FALSE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT));
@@ -495,7 +494,6 @@
         EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::DECRYPT));
 
         EXPECT_FALSE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::SIGN));
-        EXPECT_FALSE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::VERIFY));
     }
 
     AuthorizationSet CheckCommonParams(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& keyCharacteristics) {
@@ -1986,6 +1984,50 @@
     string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
     string signature = SignMessage(
             message, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE));
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature,
+                       AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE));
+}
+
+/*
+ * SigningOperationsTest.RsaAllPaddingsAndDigests
+ *
+ * Verifies RSA signature/verification for all padding modes and digests.
+ */
+TEST_P(SigningOperationsTest, RsaAllPaddingsAndDigests) {
+    auto authorizations = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                  .RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537)
+                                  .Digest(ValidDigests(true /* withNone */, true /* withMD5 */))
+                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)
+                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PSS)
+                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN)
+                                  .SetDefaultValidity();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(authorizations));
+
+    string message(128, 'a');
+    string corrupt_message(message);
+    ++corrupt_message[corrupt_message.size() / 2];
+
+    for (auto padding :
+         {PaddingMode::NONE, PaddingMode::RSA_PSS, PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN}) {
+        for (auto digest : ValidDigests(true /* withNone */, true /* withMD5 */)) {
+            if (padding == PaddingMode::NONE && digest != Digest::NONE) {
+                // Digesting only makes sense with padding.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (padding == PaddingMode::RSA_PSS && digest == Digest::NONE) {
+                // PSS requires digesting.
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            string signature =
+                    SignMessage(message, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(padding));
+            LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature,
+                               AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(padding));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2432,6 +2474,39 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * SigningOperationsTest.EcdsaAllDigestsAndCurves
+ *
+ * Verifies ECDSA signature/verification for all digests and curves.
+ */
+TEST_P(SigningOperationsTest, EcdsaAllDigestsAndCurves) {
+    auto digests = ValidDigests(true /* withNone */, false /* withMD5 */);
+
+    string message = "1234567890";
+    string corrupt_message = "2234567890";
+    for (auto curve : ValidCurves()) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "Curve::" << curve);
+        ErrorCode error = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                              .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                              .EcdsaSigningKey(curve)
+                                              .Digest(digests)
+                                              .SetDefaultValidity());
+        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error) << "Failed to generate key for EC curve " << curve;
+        if (error != ErrorCode::OK) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (auto digest : digests) {
+            SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "Digest::" << digest);
+            string signature = SignMessage(message, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest));
+            LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest));
+        }
+
+        auto rc = DeleteKey();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(rc == ErrorCode::OK || rc == ErrorCode::UNIMPLEMENTED);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
  * SigningOperationsTest.EcdsaAllCurves
  *
  * Verifies that ECDSA operations succeed with all possible curves.
@@ -2699,207 +2774,6 @@
 typedef KeyMintAidlTestBase VerificationOperationsTest;
 
 /*
- * VerificationOperationsTest.RsaSuccess
- *
- * Verifies that a simple RSA signature/verification sequence succeeds.
- */
-TEST_P(VerificationOperationsTest, RsaSuccess) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                                 .RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537)
-                                                 .Digest(Digest::NONE)
-                                                 .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity()));
-    string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
-    string signature = SignMessage(
-            message, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE));
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature,
-                  AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE));
-}
-
-/*
- * VerificationOperationsTest.RsaAllPaddingsAndDigests
- *
- * Verifies RSA signature/verification for all padding modes and digests.
- */
-TEST_P(VerificationOperationsTest, RsaAllPaddingsAndDigests) {
-    auto authorizations = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                  .RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537)
-                                  .Digest(ValidDigests(true /* withNone */, true /* withMD5 */))
-                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)
-                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PSS)
-                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN)
-                                  .SetDefaultValidity();
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(authorizations));
-
-    string message(128, 'a');
-    string corrupt_message(message);
-    ++corrupt_message[corrupt_message.size() / 2];
-
-    for (auto padding :
-         {PaddingMode::NONE, PaddingMode::RSA_PSS, PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN}) {
-        for (auto digest : ValidDigests(true /* withNone */, true /* withMD5 */)) {
-            if (padding == PaddingMode::NONE && digest != Digest::NONE) {
-                // Digesting only makes sense with padding.
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (padding == PaddingMode::RSA_PSS && digest == Digest::NONE) {
-                // PSS requires digesting.
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            string signature =
-                    SignMessage(message, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(padding));
-            VerifyMessage(message, signature,
-                          AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(padding));
-
-            /* TODO(seleneh) add exportkey tests back later when we have decided on
-             * the new api.
-                        if (digest != Digest::NONE) {
-                            // Verify with OpenSSL.
-                            vector<uint8_t> pubkey;
-                            ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ExportKey(KeyFormat::X509, &pubkey));
-
-                            const uint8_t* p = pubkey.data();
-                            EVP_PKEY_Ptr pkey(d2i_PUBKEY(nullptr, &p, pubkey.size()));
-                            ASSERT_TRUE(pkey.get());
-
-                            EVP_MD_CTX digest_ctx;
-                            EVP_MD_CTX_init(&digest_ctx);
-                            EVP_PKEY_CTX* pkey_ctx;
-                            const EVP_MD* md = openssl_digest(digest);
-                            ASSERT_NE(md, nullptr);
-                            EXPECT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyInit(&digest_ctx, &pkey_ctx, md,
-             nullptr, pkey.get()));
-
-                            switch (padding) {
-                                case PaddingMode::RSA_PSS:
-                                    EXPECT_GT(EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(pkey_ctx,
-               RSA_PKCS1_PSS_PADDING), 0); EXPECT_GT(EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_pss_saltlen(pkey_ctx,
-               EVP_MD_size(md)), 0); break; case PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_SIGN:
-                                    // PKCS1 is the default; don't need to set anything.
-                                    break;
-                                default:
-                                    FAIL();
-                                    break;
-                            }
-
-                            EXPECT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyUpdate(&digest_ctx, message.data(),
-               message.size())); EXPECT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyFinal(&digest_ctx,
-                                                            reinterpret_cast<const
-               uint8_t*>(signature.data()), signature.size())); EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&digest_ctx);
-                        }
-            */
-
-            // Corrupt signature shouldn't verify.
-            string corrupt_signature(signature);
-            ++corrupt_signature[corrupt_signature.size() / 2];
-
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
-                      Begin(KeyPurpose::VERIFY,
-                            AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(padding)));
-            string result;
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::VERIFICATION_FAILED, Finish(message, corrupt_signature, &result));
-
-            // Corrupt message shouldn't verify
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
-                      Begin(KeyPurpose::VERIFY,
-                            AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(padding)));
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::VERIFICATION_FAILED, Finish(corrupt_message, signature, &result));
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * VerificationOperationsTest.RsaAllDigestsAndCurves
- *
- * Verifies ECDSA signature/verification for all digests and curves.
- */
-TEST_P(VerificationOperationsTest, EcdsaAllDigestsAndCurves) {
-    auto digests = ValidDigests(true /* withNone */, false /* withMD5 */);
-
-    string message = "1234567890";
-    string corrupt_message = "2234567890";
-    for (auto curve : ValidCurves()) {
-        ErrorCode error = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                              .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                              .EcdsaSigningKey(curve)
-                                              .Digest(digests)
-                                              .SetDefaultValidity());
-        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error) << "Failed to generate key for EC curve " << curve;
-        if (error != ErrorCode::OK) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        for (auto digest : digests) {
-            string signature = SignMessage(message, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest));
-            VerifyMessage(message, signature, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest));
-
-            /* TODO(seleneh) add exportkey tests back later when we have decided on
-             * the new api.
-
-                        // Verify with OpenSSL
-                        if (digest != Digest::NONE) {
-                            vector<uint8_t> pubkey;
-                            ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ExportKey(KeyFormat::X509, &pubkey))
-                                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-                            const uint8_t* p = pubkey.data();
-                            EVP_PKEY_Ptr pkey(d2i_PUBKEY(nullptr, &p, pubkey.size()));
-                            ASSERT_TRUE(pkey.get());
-
-                            EVP_MD_CTX digest_ctx;
-                            EVP_MD_CTX_init(&digest_ctx);
-                            EVP_PKEY_CTX* pkey_ctx;
-                            const EVP_MD* md = openssl_digest(digest);
-
-                            EXPECT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyInit(&digest_ctx, &pkey_ctx, md,
-             nullptr, pkey.get()))
-                                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-                            EXPECT_EQ(1, EVP_DigestVerifyUpdate(&digest_ctx, message.data(),
-               message.size()))
-                                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-                            EXPECT_EQ(1,
-                                      EVP_DigestVerifyFinal(&digest_ctx,
-                                                            reinterpret_cast<const
-               uint8_t*>(signature.data()), signature.size()))
-                                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-                            EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup(&digest_ctx);
-                        }
-            */
-            // Corrupt signature shouldn't verify.
-            string corrupt_signature(signature);
-            ++corrupt_signature[corrupt_signature.size() / 2];
-
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
-                      Begin(KeyPurpose::VERIFY, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest)))
-                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-            string result;
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::VERIFICATION_FAILED, Finish(message, corrupt_signature, &result))
-                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-            // Corrupt message shouldn't verify
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
-                      Begin(KeyPurpose::VERIFY, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest)))
-                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-
-            EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::VERIFICATION_FAILED, Finish(corrupt_message, signature, &result))
-                    << curve << ' ' << digest;
-        }
-
-        auto rc = DeleteKey();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(rc == ErrorCode::OK || rc == ErrorCode::UNIMPLEMENTED);
-    }
-}
-
-/*
  * VerificationOperationsTest.HmacSigningKeyCannotVerify
  *
  * Verifies HMAC signing and verification, but that a signing key cannot be used to verify.
@@ -3016,7 +2890,7 @@
     string message(1024 / 8, 'a');
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PSS);
     string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3058,7 +2932,7 @@
     string message(1024 / 8, 'a');
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PSS);
     string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3116,7 +2990,7 @@
     string message(32, 'a');
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256);
     string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3143,7 +3017,7 @@
     string message(32, 'a');
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256);
     string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3169,7 +3043,7 @@
     string message(32, 'a');
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256);
     string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3195,7 +3069,7 @@
     string message(32, 'a');
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256);
     string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
-    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+    LocalVerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3753,7 +3627,7 @@
 /*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaNoPaddingSuccess
  *
- * Verifies that raw RSA encryption works.
+ * Verifies that raw RSA decryption works.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaNoPaddingSuccess) {
     for (uint64_t exponent : {3, 65537}) {
@@ -3765,10 +3639,10 @@
 
         string message = string(2048 / 8, 'a');
         auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::NONE);
-        string ciphertext1 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+        string ciphertext1 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
         EXPECT_EQ(2048U / 8, ciphertext1.size());
 
-        string ciphertext2 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+        string ciphertext2 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
         EXPECT_EQ(2048U / 8, ciphertext2.size());
 
         // Unpadded RSA is deterministic
@@ -3781,7 +3655,7 @@
 /*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaNoPaddingShortMessage
  *
- * Verifies that raw RSA encryption of short messages works.
+ * Verifies that raw RSA decryption of short messages works.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaNoPaddingShortMessage) {
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
@@ -3793,76 +3667,47 @@
     string message = "1";
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::NONE);
 
-    string ciphertext = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+    string ciphertext = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
     EXPECT_EQ(2048U / 8, ciphertext.size());
 
     string expected_plaintext = string(2048U / 8 - 1, 0) + message;
     string plaintext = DecryptMessage(ciphertext, params);
 
     EXPECT_EQ(expected_plaintext, plaintext);
-
-    // Degenerate case, encrypting a numeric 1 yields 0x00..01 as the ciphertext.
-    message = static_cast<char>(1);
-    ciphertext = EncryptMessage(message, params);
-    EXPECT_EQ(2048U / 8, ciphertext.size());
-    EXPECT_EQ(ciphertext, string(2048U / 8 - 1, 0) + message);
 }
 
 /*
- * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaNoPaddingTooLong
- *
- * Verifies that raw RSA encryption of too-long messages fails in the expected way.
- */
-TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaNoPaddingTooLong) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                                 .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                                 .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity()));
-
-    string message(2048 / 8 + 1, 'a');
-
-    auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::NONE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
-
-    string result;
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH, Finish(message, &result));
-}
-
-/*
- * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaNoPaddingTooLarge
- *
- * Verifies that raw RSA encryption of too-large (numerically) messages fails in the expected
- * way.
- */
-// TODO(seleneh) add RsaNoPaddingTooLarge test back after decided and implemented new
-// version of ExportKey inside generateKey
-
-/*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepSuccess
  *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations work, with all digests.
+ * Verifies that RSA-OAEP decryption operations work, with all digests.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepSuccess) {
     auto digests = ValidDigests(false /* withNone */, true /* withMD5 */);
 
     size_t key_size = 2048;  // Need largish key for SHA-512 test.
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                                 .RsaEncryptionKey(key_size, 65537)
-                                                 .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
-                                                 .Digest(digests)
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity()));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
+              GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                  .RsaEncryptionKey(key_size, 65537)
+                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
+                                  .Digest(digests)
+                                  .Authorization(TAG_RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, Digest::SHA1)
+                                  .SetDefaultValidity()));
 
     string message = "Hello";
 
     for (auto digest : digests) {
-        auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(digest).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP);
-        string ciphertext1 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "digest-" << digest);
+
+        auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                              .Digest(digest)
+                              .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
+                              .Authorization(TAG_RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, Digest::SHA1);
+        string ciphertext1 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
         if (HasNonfatalFailure()) std::cout << "-->" << digest << std::endl;
         EXPECT_EQ(key_size / 8, ciphertext1.size());
 
-        string ciphertext2 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+        string ciphertext2 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
         EXPECT_EQ(key_size / 8, ciphertext2.size());
 
         // OAEP randomizes padding so every result should be different (with astronomically high
@@ -3892,7 +3737,7 @@
 /*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepInvalidDigest
  *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to operate
+ * Verifies that RSA-OAEP decryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to operate
  * without a digest.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepInvalidDigest) {
@@ -3904,13 +3749,13 @@
                                                  .SetDefaultValidity()));
 
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP).Digest(Digest::NONE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST, Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, params));
 }
 
 /*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepInvalidPadding
  *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to operate
+ * Verifies that RSA-OAEP decryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to operate
  * with a padding value that is only suitable for signing/verifying.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepInvalidPadding) {
@@ -3922,13 +3767,13 @@
                                                  .SetDefaultValidity()));
 
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PSS).Digest(Digest::NONE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE, Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, params));
 }
 
 /*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepDecryptWithWrongDigest
  *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to decrypt
+ * Verifies that RSA-OAEP decryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to decrypt
  * with a different digest than was used to encrypt.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepDecryptWithWrongDigest) {
@@ -3941,7 +3786,7 @@
                                                  .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_224, Digest::SHA_2_256)
                                                  .SetDefaultValidity()));
     string message = "Hello World!";
-    string ciphertext = EncryptMessage(
+    string ciphertext = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(
             message,
             AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_224).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP));
 
@@ -3954,34 +3799,9 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepTooLarge
- *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to encrypt a
- * too-large message.
- */
-TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepTooLarge) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                                 .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                                 .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
-                                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity()));
-    constexpr size_t digest_size = 256 /* SHA_2_256 */ / 8;
-    constexpr size_t oaep_overhead = 2 * digest_size + 2;
-    string message(2048 / 8 - oaep_overhead + 1, 'a');
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                                .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
-                                                                .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)));
-    string result;
-    ErrorCode error = Finish(message, &result);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH || error == ErrorCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0U, result.size());
-}
-
-/*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepWithMGFDigestSuccess
  *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations work, with all SHA 256 digests and all type of MGF1
+ * Verifies that RSA-OAEP decryption operations work, with all SHA 256 digests and all type of MGF1
  * digests.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepWithMGFDigestSuccess) {
@@ -4003,11 +3823,11 @@
                               .Authorization(TAG_RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, digest)
                               .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                               .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP);
-        string ciphertext1 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+        string ciphertext1 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
         if (HasNonfatalFailure()) std::cout << "-->" << digest << std::endl;
         EXPECT_EQ(key_size / 8, ciphertext1.size());
 
-        string ciphertext2 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+        string ciphertext2 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
         EXPECT_EQ(key_size / 8, ciphertext2.size());
 
         // OAEP randomizes padding so every result should be different (with astronomically high
@@ -4037,7 +3857,7 @@
 /*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaOaepWithMGFIncompatibleDigest
  *
- * Verifies that RSA-OAEP encryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to operate
+ * Verifies that RSA-OAEP decryption operations fail in the correct way when asked to operate
  * with incompatible MGF digest.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepWithMGFIncompatibleDigest) {
@@ -4055,7 +3875,7 @@
                           .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
                           .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                           .Authorization(TAG_RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, Digest::SHA_2_224);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_MGF_DIGEST, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_MGF_DIGEST, Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, params));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4079,7 +3899,7 @@
                           .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
                           .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                           .Authorization(TAG_RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, Digest::NONE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_MGF_DIGEST, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_MGF_DIGEST, Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, params));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -4096,10 +3916,10 @@
 
     string message = "Hello World!";
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT);
-    string ciphertext1 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+    string ciphertext1 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
     EXPECT_EQ(2048U / 8, ciphertext1.size());
 
-    string ciphertext2 = EncryptMessage(message, params);
+    string ciphertext2 = LocalRsaEncryptMessage(message, params);
     EXPECT_EQ(2048U / 8, ciphertext2.size());
 
     // PKCS1 v1.5 randomizes padding so every result should be different.
@@ -4123,27 +3943,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * EncryptionOperationsTest.RsaPkcs1TooLarge
- *
- * Verifies that RSA PKCS encryption fails in the correct way when the message is too large.
- */
-TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaPkcs1TooLarge) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                                 .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                                 .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT)
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity()));
-    string message(2048 / 8 - 10, 'a');
-
-    auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT);
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
-    string result;
-    ErrorCode error = Finish(message, &result);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH || error == ErrorCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0U, result.size());
-}
-
-/*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.EcdsaEncrypt
  *
  * Verifies that attempting to use ECDSA keys to encrypt fails in the correct way.