diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index cdea8b6..a8e7c0b 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,22 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/ICanBus.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/types.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/can-hal-printers.h>
-#include <can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <hidl-utils/hidl-utils.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts {
 
 using hardware::hidl_vec;
 
-static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanBus>* gEnv = nullptr;
-
 struct CanMessageListener : public can::V1_0::ICanMessageListener {
     virtual Return<void> onReceive(const can::V1_0::CanMessage&) override { return {}; }
 };
@@ -38,7 +36,7 @@
     virtual Return<void> onError(ErrorEvent, bool) override { return {}; }
 };
 
-class CanBusHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class CanBusHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
     virtual void TearDown() override;
@@ -51,9 +49,8 @@
 };
 
 void CanBusHalTest::SetUp() {
-    const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<ICanBus>();
-    mCanBus = getService<ICanBus>(serviceName);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanBus) << "Couldn't open CAN Bus: " << serviceName;
+    mCanBus = ICanBus::getService(GetParam());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanBus) << "Couldn't open CAN Bus: " << GetParam();
 }
 
 void CanBusHalTest::TearDown() {
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, SendNoPayload) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, SendNoPayload) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.id = 0x123;
     ASSERT_NE(mCanBus, nullptr);
@@ -83,7 +80,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, Send8B) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, Send8B) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.id = 0x234;
     msg.payload = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
@@ -92,7 +89,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, SendZeroId) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, SendZeroId) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.payload = {1, 2, 3};
 
@@ -100,7 +97,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, SendTooLong) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, SendTooLong) {
     CanMessage msg = {};
     msg.id = 0x123;
     msg.payload = hidl_vec<uint8_t>(102400);  // 100kiB
@@ -109,14 +106,14 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::PAYLOAD_TOO_LONG, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, ListenNoFilter) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, ListenNoFilter) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, new CanMessageListener());
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, ListenSomeFilter) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, ListenSomeFilter) {
     hidl_vec<CanMessageFilter> filters = {
             {0x123, 0x1FF, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, false},
             {0x001, 0x00F, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, FilterFlag::DONT_CARE, true},
@@ -129,12 +126,12 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, ListenNull) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, ListenNull) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseListener) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, new CanMessageListener());
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 
@@ -142,12 +139,12 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseListener) {
     const auto [result, closeHandle] = listen({}, new CanMessageListener());
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::OK, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseErrorListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseErrorListener) {
     auto closeHandle = listenForErrors(new CanErrorListener());
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, closeHandle.get());
 
@@ -155,7 +152,7 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseNullErrorListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DoubleCloseNullErrorListener) {
     auto closeHandle = listenForErrors(nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, closeHandle.get());
 
@@ -163,13 +160,11 @@
     closeHandle->close().assertOk();
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseErrorListener) {
+TEST_P(CanBusHalTest, DontCloseErrorListener) {
     auto closeHandle = listenForErrors(new CanErrorListener());
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, closeHandle.get());
 }
 
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
-
 /**
  * This test requires that you bring up a valid bus first.
  *
@@ -177,19 +172,12 @@
  * mma -j && adb root && adb remount && adb sync
  *
  * Example manual invocation:
- * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest \
- *     --hal_service_instance=android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanBus/<NAME_OF_VALID_BUS>
+ * adb shell canhalctrl up <NAME_OF_VALID_BUS> socketcan can0 125000
+ * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusV1_0TargetTest\
+ *     --gtest_filter=*_<NAME_OF_VALID_BUS>
  */
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::ICanBus;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::gEnv;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment;
-    setenv("TREBLE_TESTING_OVERRIDE", "true", true);
-    android::base::SetDefaultTag("CanBusVts");
-    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::VERBOSE);
-    gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanBus>;
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(  //
+        PerInstance, CanBusHalTest, testing::ValuesIn(getAllHalInstanceNames(ICanBus::descriptor)),
+        PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 68d555d..9039435 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/ICanBus.h>
@@ -23,9 +22,11 @@
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/bus-enumerator.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/can-hal-printers.h>
-#include <can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl-utils/hidl-utils.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <utils/SystemClock.h>
 
@@ -39,8 +40,6 @@
 using hardware::hidl_vec;
 using InterfaceType = ICanController::InterfaceType;
 
-static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>* gEnv = nullptr;
-
 struct CanMessageListener : public can::V1_0::ICanMessageListener {
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CanMessageListener);
 
@@ -133,12 +132,11 @@
     sp<ICanBus> mBus;
 };
 
-class CanBusVirtualHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class CanBusVirtualHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
-
+    virtual void TearDown() override;
     static void SetUpTestCase();
-    static void TearDownTestCase();
 
     Bus makeBus();
 
@@ -147,13 +145,10 @@
 
   private:
     unsigned mLastIface = 0;
-    static sp<ICanController> mCanController;
-    static bool mVirtualSupported;
+    sp<ICanController> mCanController = nullptr;
     static bool mTestCaseInitialized;
 };
 
-sp<ICanController> CanBusVirtualHalTest::mCanController = nullptr;
-bool CanBusVirtualHalTest::mVirtualSupported;
 hidl_vec<hidl_string> CanBusVirtualHalTest::mBusNames;
 bool CanBusVirtualHalTest::mTestCaseInitialized = false;
 
@@ -170,29 +165,27 @@
 }
 
 void CanBusVirtualHalTest::SetUp() {
-    if (!mVirtualSupported) GTEST_SKIP();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mTestCaseInitialized);
-}
 
-void CanBusVirtualHalTest::SetUpTestCase() {
-    const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<ICanController>();
-    mCanController = getService<ICanController>(serviceName);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << serviceName;
+    mCanController = ICanController::getService(GetParam());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << GetParam();
 
     hidl_vec<InterfaceType> supported;
     mCanController->getSupportedInterfaceTypes(hidl_utils::fill(&supported)).assertOk();
-    mVirtualSupported = supported.contains(InterfaceType::VIRTUAL);
+    if (!supported.contains(InterfaceType::VIRTUAL)) GTEST_SKIP();
+}
 
+void CanBusVirtualHalTest::TearDown() {
+    mCanController.clear();
+}
+
+void CanBusVirtualHalTest::SetUpTestCase() {
     mBusNames = utils::getBusNames();
     ASSERT_NE(0u, mBusNames.size()) << "No ICanBus HALs defined in device manifest";
 
     mTestCaseInitialized = true;
 }
 
-void CanBusVirtualHalTest::TearDownTestCase() {
-    mCanController.clear();
-}
-
 Bus CanBusVirtualHalTest::makeBus() {
     const auto idx = mLastIface++;
     EXPECT_LT(idx, mBusNames.size());
@@ -204,7 +197,7 @@
     return Bus(mCanController, config);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, Send) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, Send) {
     auto bus = makeBus();
 
     CanMessage msg = {};
@@ -214,7 +207,7 @@
     bus.send(msg);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAfterClose) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAfterClose) {
     auto bus = makeBus();
     auto zombie = bus.get();
     bus.reset();
@@ -223,7 +216,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Result::INTERFACE_DOWN, result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAndRecv) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, SendAndRecv) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -243,7 +236,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(msg, messages[0]);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, DownOneOfTwo) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, DownOneOfTwo) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
 
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
@@ -254,7 +247,7 @@
     bus1.send({});
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterPositive) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterPositive) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -418,7 +411,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedPositive, messagesPositive);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterNegative) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterNegative) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -612,7 +605,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedNegative, messagesNegative);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterMixed) {
+TEST_P(CanBusVirtualHalTest, FilterMixed) {
     if (mBusNames.size() < 2u) GTEST_SKIP() << "Not testable with less than two CAN buses.";
     auto bus1 = makeBus();
     auto bus2 = makeBus();
@@ -871,22 +864,13 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(expectedMixed, messagesMixed);
 }
 
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
-
 /**
  * Example manual invocation:
- * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest\
- *     --hal_service_instance=android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanController/socketcan
+ * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanBusVirtualV1_0TargetTest
  */
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::ICanController;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::gEnv;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment;
-    android::base::SetDefaultTag("CanBusVirtualVts");
-    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::VERBOSE);
-    gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>;
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(  //
+        PerInstance, CanBusVirtualHalTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(getAllHalInstanceNames(ICanController::descriptor)),
+        PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 8397215..8ef5758 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/can/1.0/ICanBus.h>
@@ -23,9 +22,10 @@
 #include <android/hidl/manager/1.2/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/bus-enumerator.h>
 #include <can-vts-utils/can-hal-printers.h>
-#include <can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <hidl-utils/hidl-utils.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts {
 
@@ -33,9 +33,7 @@
 using InterfaceType = ICanController::InterfaceType;
 using IfId = ICanController::BusConfig::InterfaceId;
 
-static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>* gEnv = nullptr;
-
-class CanControllerHalTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class CanControllerHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
     virtual void TearDown() override;
@@ -61,9 +59,8 @@
 void CanControllerHalTest::SetUp() {
     ASSERT_TRUE(mTestCaseInitialized);
 
-    const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<ICanController>();
-    mCanController = getService<ICanController>(serviceName);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << serviceName;
+    mCanController = ICanController::getService(GetParam());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mCanController) << "Couldn't open CAN Controller: " << GetParam();
 }
 
 void CanControllerHalTest::TearDown() {
@@ -130,12 +127,12 @@
             << " (should be otherwise)";
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, SupportsSomething) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, SupportsSomething) {
     const auto supported = getSupportedInterfaceTypes();
     ASSERT_GT(supported.size(), 0u);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, BringUpDown) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, BringUpDown) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -148,12 +145,12 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, DownDummy) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, DownDummy) {
     const auto result = mCanController->downInterface("imnotup");
     ASSERT_FALSE(result);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, UpTwice) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, UpTwice) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -169,7 +166,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, ConfigCompatibility) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, ConfigCompatibility) {
     // using random-ish addresses, which may not be valid - we can't test the success case
     // TODO(b/146214370): move interfaceId constructors to a library
     IfId virtualCfg = {};
@@ -231,7 +228,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailEmptyName) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailEmptyName) {
     const std::string name = "";
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -241,7 +238,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadName) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadName) {
     // 33 characters (name can be at most 32 characters long)
     const std::string name = "ab012345678901234567890123456789c";
 
@@ -252,7 +249,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadVirtualAddress) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadVirtualAddress) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -262,7 +259,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSocketcanAddress) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSocketcanAddress) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -277,7 +274,7 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSlcanAddress) {
+TEST_P(CanControllerHalTest, FailBadSlcanAddress) {
     const std::string name = mBusNames[0];
 
     assertRegistered(name, false);
@@ -292,22 +289,13 @@
     assertRegistered(name, false);
 }
 
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
-
 /**
  * Example manual invocation:
- * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest\
- *     --hal_service_instance=android.hardware.automotive.can@1.0::ICanController/socketcan
+ * adb shell /data/nativetest64/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest/VtsHalCanControllerV1_0TargetTest
  */
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::ICanController;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::gEnv;
-    using android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment;
-    android::base::SetDefaultTag("CanControllerVts");
-    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(android::base::VERBOSE);
-    gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<ICanController>;
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(  //
+        PerInstance, CanControllerHalTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(getAllHalInstanceNames(ICanController::descriptor)),
+        PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/utils/include/can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h b/automotive/can/1.0/vts/utils/include/can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 3eb9cc1..0000000
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/vts/utils/include/can-vts-utils/environment-utils.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
-
-namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils {
-
-/**
- * Simple test environment.
- *
- * This is a helper class to instantiate a test environment without boilerplate code for cases where
- * there is no need to pass more parameters than just HIDL service instance name.
- *
- * The class implements registerTestServices() by calling registerTestService() on every HIDL
- * interface provided as parameter to this template.
- *
- * Example usage:
- *     static utils::SimpleHidlEnvironment<IMyService>* gEnv = nullptr;
- *
- *     void CanBusHalTest::SetUp() {
- *         const auto serviceName = gEnv->getServiceName<IMyService>();
- *         (...)
- *     }
- *
- *     int main(int argc, char** argv) {
- *         gEnv = new SimpleHidlEnvironment<IMyService>;
- *         ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(gEnv);
- *         ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
- *         gEnv->init(&argc, argv);
- *         return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
- *     }
- *
- * \param T... HIDL interface names to register for a test service
- */
-template <typename... T>
-class SimpleHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-  public:
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
-        // Call registerTestService() for every HIDL interface using this template.
-        using expander = int[];
-        (void)expander{0, (registerTestService<T>(), 0)...};
-    }
-};
-
-}  // namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::vts::utils