diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..677fb42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ExtCamDev"
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "ExternalCameraDevice.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <convert.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+#include <regex>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+
+namespace {
+// Only support MJPEG for now as it seems to be the one supports higher fps
+// Other formats to consider in the future:
+// * V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 (== YV12)
+// * V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU (YVYU: can be converted to YV12 or other YUV420_888 formats)
+const std::array<uint32_t, /*size*/ 2> kSupportedFourCCs{
+        {V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG, V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16}};  // double braces required in C++11
+
+constexpr int MAX_RETRY = 5;                  // Allow retry v4l2 open failures a few times.
+constexpr int OPEN_RETRY_SLEEP_US = 100'000;  // 100ms * MAX_RETRY = 0.5 seconds
+
+const std::regex kDevicePathRE("/dev/video([0-9]+)");
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string ExternalCameraDevice::kDeviceVersion = "1.1";
+
+ExternalCameraDevice::ExternalCameraDevice(const std::string& devicePath,
+                                           const ExternalCameraConfig& config)
+    : mCameraId("-1"), mDevicePath(devicePath), mCfg(config) {
+    std::smatch sm;
+    if (std::regex_match(mDevicePath, sm, kDevicePathRE)) {
+        mCameraId = std::to_string(mCfg.cameraIdOffset + std::stoi(sm[1]));
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("%s: device path match failed for %s", __FUNCTION__, mDevicePath.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+ExternalCameraDevice::~ExternalCameraDevice() {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getCameraCharacteristics(CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    if (isInitFailedLocked()) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    const camera_metadata_t* rawMetadata = mCameraCharacteristics.getAndLock();
+    convertToAidl(rawMetadata, _aidl_return);
+    mCameraCharacteristics.unlock(rawMetadata);
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(const std::string&,
+                                                                          CameraMetadata*) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Physical camera functions are not supported for external cameras.", __FUNCTION__);
+    return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getResourceCost(CameraResourceCost* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    _aidl_return->resourceCost = 100;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::isStreamCombinationSupported(
+        const StreamConfiguration& in_streams, bool* _aidl_return) {
+    if (isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera %s. camera init failed!", __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+    Status s = ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isStreamCombinationSupported(in_streams,
+                                                                         mSupportedFormats, mCfg);
+    *_aidl_return = s == Status::OK;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::open(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+        std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceSession>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open camera %s. return session ptr is null!", __FUNCTION__,
+              mCameraId.c_str());
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    if (isInitFailedLocked()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open camera %s. camera init failed!", __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> session;
+    ALOGV("%s: Initializing device for camera %s", __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+    session = mSession.lock();
+
+    if (session != nullptr && !session->isClosed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open an already opened camera!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::CAMERA_IN_USE);
+    }
+
+    int numAttempt = 0;
+    unique_fd fd(::open(mDevicePath.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+    while (fd.get() < 0 && numAttempt < MAX_RETRY) {
+        // Previous retry attempts failed. Retry opening the device at most MAX_RETRY times
+        ALOGW("%s: v4l2 device %s open failed, wait 33ms and try again", __FUNCTION__,
+              mDevicePath.c_str());
+        usleep(OPEN_RETRY_SLEEP_US);  // sleep and try again
+        fd.reset(::open(mDevicePath.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+        numAttempt++;
+    }
+
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 device open %s failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, mDevicePath.c_str(),
+              strerror(errno));
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    session = createSession(in_callback, mCfg, mSupportedFormats, mCroppingType,
+                            mCameraCharacteristics, mCameraId, std::move(fd));
+    if (session == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera device session allocation failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    if (session->isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera device session init failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    mSession = session;
+    *_aidl_return = session;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::openInjectionSession(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>&, std::shared_ptr<ICameraInjectionSession>*) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::setTorchMode(bool) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(int32_t) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getTorchStrengthLevel(int32_t*) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> ExternalCameraDevice::createSession(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& cb, const ExternalCameraConfig& cfg,
+        const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFormats, const CroppingType& croppingType,
+        const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars, const std::string& cameraId,
+        unique_fd v4l2Fd) {
+    return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ExternalCameraDeviceSession>(
+            cb, cfg, sortedFormats, croppingType, chars, cameraId, std::move(v4l2Fd));
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDevice::isInitFailed() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    return isInitFailedLocked();
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDevice::isInitFailedLocked() {
+    if (!mInitialized) {
+        status_t ret = initCameraCharacteristics();
+        if (ret != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: init camera characteristics failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+            mInitFailed = true;
+        }
+        mInitialized = true;
+    }
+    return mInitFailed;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::initSupportedFormatsLocked(int fd) {
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> horizontalFmts =
+            getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(fd, HORIZONTAL, mCfg.fpsLimits, mCfg.depthFpsLimits,
+                                               mCfg.minStreamSize, mCfg.depthEnabled);
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> verticalFmts =
+            getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(fd, VERTICAL, mCfg.fpsLimits, mCfg.depthFpsLimits,
+                                               mCfg.minStreamSize, mCfg.depthEnabled);
+
+    size_t horiSize = horizontalFmts.size();
+    size_t vertSize = verticalFmts.size();
+
+    if (horiSize == 0 && vertSize == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot find suitable cropping type!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (horiSize == 0) {
+        mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+        return;
+    } else if (vertSize == 0) {
+        mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& maxHoriSize = horizontalFmts[horizontalFmts.size() - 1];
+    const auto& maxVertSize = verticalFmts[verticalFmts.size() - 1];
+
+    // Try to keep the largest possible output size
+    // When they are the same or ambiguous, pick the one support more sizes
+    if (maxHoriSize.width == maxVertSize.width && maxHoriSize.height == maxVertSize.height) {
+        if (horiSize > vertSize) {
+            mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+        } else {
+            mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+        }
+    } else if (maxHoriSize.width >= maxVertSize.width && maxHoriSize.height >= maxVertSize.height) {
+        mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+    } else if (maxHoriSize.width <= maxVertSize.width && maxHoriSize.height <= maxVertSize.height) {
+        mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+    } else {
+        if (horiSize > vertSize) {
+            mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+        } else {
+            mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initCameraCharacteristics() {
+    if (!mCameraCharacteristics.isEmpty()) {
+        // Camera Characteristics previously initialized. Skip.
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    // init camera characteristics
+    unique_fd fd(::open(mDevicePath.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 device open %s failed", __FUNCTION__, mDevicePath.c_str());
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
+
+    status_t ret;
+    ret = initDefaultCharsKeys(&mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init default characteristics key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = initCameraControlsCharsKeys(fd.get(), &mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init camera control characteristics key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = initOutputCharsKeys(fd.get(), &mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init output characteristics key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = initAvailableCapabilities(&mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init available capabilities key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+#define UPDATE(tag, data, size)                        \
+    do {                                               \
+        if (metadata->update((tag), (data), (size))) { \
+            ALOGE("Update " #tag " failed!");          \
+            return -EINVAL;                            \
+        }                                              \
+    } while (0)
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initAvailableCapabilities(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    if (mSupportedFormats.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Supported formats list is empty", __FUNCTION__);
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    bool hasDepth = false;
+    bool hasColor = false;
+    for (const auto& fmt : mSupportedFormats) {
+        switch (fmt.fourcc) {
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16:
+                hasDepth = true;
+                break;
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG:
+                hasColor = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ALOGW("%s: Unsupported format found", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> availableCapabilities;
+    if (hasDepth) {
+        availableCapabilities.push_back(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_DEPTH_OUTPUT);
+    }
+    if (hasColor) {
+        availableCapabilities.push_back(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE);
+    }
+    if (!availableCapabilities.empty()) {
+        UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES, availableCapabilities.data(),
+               availableCapabilities.size());
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initDefaultCharsKeys(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    const uint8_t hardware_level = ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_EXTERNAL;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL, &hardware_level, 1);
+
+    // android.colorCorrection
+    const uint8_t availableAberrationModes[] = {ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE_OFF};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_AVAILABLE_ABERRATION_MODES, availableAberrationModes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(availableAberrationModes));
+
+    // android.control
+    const uint8_t antibandingMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_ANTIBANDING_MODES, &antibandingMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t controlMaxRegions[] = {/*AE*/ 0, /*AWB*/ 0, /*AF*/ 0};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS, controlMaxRegions, ARRAY_SIZE(controlMaxRegions));
+
+    const uint8_t videoStabilizationMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODES, &videoStabilizationMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t awbAvailableMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_AVAILABLE_MODES, &awbAvailableMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t aeAvailableMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_MODES, &aeAvailableMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t availableFffect = ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_EFFECTS, &availableFffect, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t controlAvailableModes[] = {ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_OFF, ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_AUTO};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_MODES, controlAvailableModes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(controlAvailableModes));
+
+    // android.edge
+    const uint8_t edgeMode = ANDROID_EDGE_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_EDGE_AVAILABLE_EDGE_MODES, &edgeMode, 1);
+
+    // android.flash
+    const uint8_t flashInfo = ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE, &flashInfo, 1);
+
+    // android.hotPixel
+    const uint8_t hotPixelMode = ANDROID_HOT_PIXEL_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_HOT_PIXEL_AVAILABLE_HOT_PIXEL_MODES, &hotPixelMode, 1);
+
+    // android.jpeg
+    const int32_t jpegAvailableThumbnailSizes[] = {0,   0,   176, 144, 240, 144, 256,
+                                                   144, 240, 160, 256, 154, 240, 180};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_JPEG_AVAILABLE_THUMBNAIL_SIZES, jpegAvailableThumbnailSizes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(jpegAvailableThumbnailSizes));
+
+    const int32_t jpegMaxSize = mCfg.maxJpegBufSize;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_JPEG_MAX_SIZE, &jpegMaxSize, 1);
+
+    // android.lens
+    const uint8_t focusDistanceCalibration =
+            ANDROID_LENS_INFO_FOCUS_DISTANCE_CALIBRATION_UNCALIBRATED;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_LENS_INFO_FOCUS_DISTANCE_CALIBRATION, &focusDistanceCalibration, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t opticalStabilizationMode = ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_LENS_INFO_AVAILABLE_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION, &opticalStabilizationMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t facing = ANDROID_LENS_FACING_EXTERNAL;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_LENS_FACING, &facing, 1);
+
+    // android.noiseReduction
+    const uint8_t noiseReductionMode = ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_AVAILABLE_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODES, &noiseReductionMode, 1);
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE, &noiseReductionMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t partialResultCount = 1;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_PARTIAL_RESULT_COUNT, &partialResultCount, 1);
+
+    // This means pipeline latency of X frame intervals. The maximum number is 4.
+    const uint8_t requestPipelineMaxDepth = 4;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_PIPELINE_MAX_DEPTH, &requestPipelineMaxDepth, 1);
+
+    // Three numbers represent the maximum numbers of different types of output
+    // streams simultaneously. The types are raw sensor, processed (but not
+    // stalling), and processed (but stalling). For usb limited mode, raw sensor
+    // is not supported. Stalling stream is JPEG. Non-stalling streams are
+    // YUV_420_888 or YV12.
+    const int32_t requestMaxNumOutputStreams[] = {
+            /*RAW*/ 0,
+            /*Processed*/ ExternalCameraDeviceSession::kMaxProcessedStream,
+            /*Stall*/ ExternalCameraDeviceSession::kMaxStallStream};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_MAX_NUM_OUTPUT_STREAMS, requestMaxNumOutputStreams,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(requestMaxNumOutputStreams));
+
+    // Limited mode doesn't support reprocessing.
+    const int32_t requestMaxNumInputStreams = 0;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_MAX_NUM_INPUT_STREAMS, &requestMaxNumInputStreams, 1);
+
+    // android.scaler
+    // TODO: b/72263447 V4L2_CID_ZOOM_*
+    const float scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom[] = {1};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM, scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom));
+
+    const uint8_t croppingType = ANDROID_SCALER_CROPPING_TYPE_CENTER_ONLY;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SCALER_CROPPING_TYPE, &croppingType, 1);
+
+    const int32_t testPatternModes[] = {ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_OFF,
+                                        ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_SOLID_COLOR};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_AVAILABLE_TEST_PATTERN_MODES, testPatternModes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(testPatternModes));
+
+    const uint8_t timestampSource = ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_TIMESTAMP_SOURCE_UNKNOWN;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_TIMESTAMP_SOURCE, &timestampSource, 1);
+
+    // Orientation is a bit odd for external camera, but consider it as the orientation
+    // between the external camera sensor (which is usually landscape) and the device's
+    // natural display orientation. For devices with natural landscape display (ex: tablet/TV), the
+    // orientation should be 0. For devices with natural portrait display (phone), the orientation
+    // should be 270.
+    const int32_t orientation = mCfg.orientation;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION, &orientation, 1);
+
+    // android.shading
+    const uint8_t availableMode = ANDROID_SHADING_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SHADING_AVAILABLE_MODES, &availableMode, 1);
+
+    // android.statistics
+    const uint8_t faceDetectMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_FACE_DETECT_MODES, &faceDetectMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t maxFaceCount = 0;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_MAX_FACE_COUNT, &maxFaceCount, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t availableHotpixelMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODES, &availableHotpixelMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t lensShadingMapMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODES, &lensShadingMapMode, 1);
+
+    // android.sync
+    const int32_t maxLatency = ANDROID_SYNC_MAX_LATENCY_UNKNOWN;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SYNC_MAX_LATENCY, &maxLatency, 1);
+
+    /* Other sensor/RAW related keys:
+     * android.sensor.info.colorFilterArrangement -> no need if we don't do RAW
+     * android.sensor.info.physicalSize           -> not available
+     * android.sensor.info.whiteLevel             -> not available/not needed
+     * android.sensor.info.lensShadingApplied     -> not needed
+     * android.sensor.info.preCorrectionActiveArraySize -> not available/not needed
+     * android.sensor.blackLevelPattern           -> not available/not needed
+     */
+
+    const int32_t availableRequestKeys[] = {ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_TARGET_FPS_RANGE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_FLASH_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_ORIENTATION,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE,
+                                            ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION,
+                                            ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS, availableRequestKeys,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(availableRequestKeys));
+
+    const int32_t availableResultKeys[] = {ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_TARGET_FPS_RANGE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_FLASH_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_FLASH_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_ORIENTATION,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE,
+                                           ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_REQUEST_PIPELINE_DEPTH,
+                                           ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION,
+                                           ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_SCENE_FLICKER};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_RESULT_KEYS, availableResultKeys,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(availableResultKeys));
+
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS, AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS.data(),
+           AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS.size());
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initCameraControlsCharsKeys(
+        int, ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    // android.sensor.info.sensitivityRange   -> V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY
+    // android.sensor.info.exposureTimeRange  -> V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_ABSOLUTE
+    // android.sensor.info.maxFrameDuration   -> TBD
+    // android.lens.info.minimumFocusDistance -> V4L2_CID_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE
+    // android.lens.info.hyperfocalDistance
+    // android.lens.info.availableFocalLengths -> not available?
+
+    // android.control
+    // No AE compensation support for now.
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_BIAS
+    const int32_t controlAeCompensationRange[] = {0, 0};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE, controlAeCompensationRange,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(controlAeCompensationRange));
+    const camera_metadata_rational_t controlAeCompensationStep[] = {{0, 1}};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP, controlAeCompensationStep,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(controlAeCompensationStep));
+
+    // TODO: Check V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_*.
+    const uint8_t afAvailableModes[] = {ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_AUTO, ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_OFF};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES, afAvailableModes, ARRAY_SIZE(afAvailableModes));
+
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_SCENE_MODE
+    const uint8_t availableSceneMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE_DISABLED;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_SCENE_MODES, &availableSceneMode, 1);
+
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_3A_LOCK
+    const uint8_t aeLockAvailable = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &aeLockAvailable, 1);
+    const uint8_t awbLockAvailable = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &awbLockAvailable, 1);
+
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_ZOOM_*
+    const float scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom[] = {1};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM, scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom));
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initOutputCharsKeys(
+        int fd, ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    initSupportedFormatsLocked(fd);
+    if (mSupportedFormats.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Init supported format list failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    bool hasDepth = false;
+    bool hasColor = false;
+
+    // For V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16
+    std::array<int, /*size*/ 1> halDepthFormats{{HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16}};
+    // For V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG
+    std::array<int, /*size*/ 3> halFormats{{HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888,
+                                            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED}};
+
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        switch (supportedFormat.fourcc) {
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16:
+                hasDepth = true;
+                break;
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG:
+                hasColor = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ALOGW("%s: format %c%c%c%c is not supported!", __FUNCTION__,
+                      supportedFormat.fourcc & 0xFF, (supportedFormat.fourcc >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                      (supportedFormat.fourcc >> 16) & 0xFF, (supportedFormat.fourcc >> 24) & 0xFF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (hasDepth) {
+        status_t ret = initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(
+                metadata, V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16, halDepthFormats,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STALL_DURATIONS);
+        if (ret != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to initialize depth format keys: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+                  statusToString(ret).c_str());
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+    if (hasColor) {
+        status_t ret =
+                initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(metadata, V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG, halFormats,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS);
+        if (ret != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to initialize color format keys: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+                  statusToString(ret).c_str());
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    status_t ret = calculateMinFps(metadata);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to update fps metadata: %s", __FUNCTION__, statusToString(ret).c_str());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    SupportedV4L2Format maximumFormat{.width = 0, .height = 0};
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        if (supportedFormat.width >= maximumFormat.width &&
+            supportedFormat.height >= maximumFormat.height) {
+            maximumFormat = supportedFormat;
+        }
+    }
+    int32_t activeArraySize[] = {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.width),
+                                 static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.height)};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE, activeArraySize,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(activeArraySize));
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE, activeArraySize, ARRAY_SIZE(activeArraySize));
+
+    int32_t pixelArraySize[] = {static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.width),
+                                static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.height)};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PIXEL_ARRAY_SIZE, pixelArraySize, ARRAY_SIZE(pixelArraySize));
+    return OK;
+}
+
+template <size_t SIZE>
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata,
+        uint32_t fourcc, const std::array<int, SIZE>& halFormats, int streamConfigTag,
+        int streamConfigurationKey, int minFrameDurationKey, int stallDurationKey) {
+    if (mSupportedFormats.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Init supported format list failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> streamConfigurations;
+    std::vector<int64_t> minFrameDurations;
+    std::vector<int64_t> stallDurations;
+
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        if (supportedFormat.fourcc != fourcc) {
+            // Skip 4CCs not meant for the halFormats
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (const auto& format : halFormats) {
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(format);
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(supportedFormat.width);
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(supportedFormat.height);
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(streamConfigTag);
+        }
+
+        int64_t minFrameDuration = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
+        for (const auto& fr : supportedFormat.frameRates) {
+            // 1000000000LL < (2^32 - 1) and
+            // fr.durationNumerator is uint32_t, so no overflow here
+            int64_t frameDuration = 1000000000LL * fr.durationNumerator / fr.durationDenominator;
+            if (frameDuration < minFrameDuration) {
+                minFrameDuration = frameDuration;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& format : halFormats) {
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(format);
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.width);
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.height);
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(minFrameDuration);
+        }
+
+        // The stall duration is 0 for non-jpeg formats. For JPEG format, stall
+        // duration can be 0 if JPEG is small. Here we choose 1 sec for JPEG.
+        // TODO: b/72261675. Maybe set this dynamically
+        for (const auto& format : halFormats) {
+            const int64_t NS_TO_SECOND = 1E9;
+            int64_t stall_duration = (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB) ? NS_TO_SECOND : 0;
+            stallDurations.push_back(format);
+            stallDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.width);
+            stallDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.height);
+            stallDurations.push_back(stall_duration);
+        }
+    }
+
+    UPDATE(streamConfigurationKey, streamConfigurations.data(), streamConfigurations.size());
+
+    UPDATE(minFrameDurationKey, minFrameDurations.data(), minFrameDurations.size());
+
+    UPDATE(stallDurationKey, stallDurations.data(), stallDurations.size());
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::calculateMinFps(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    std::set<int32_t> framerates;
+    int32_t minFps = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        for (const auto& fr : supportedFormat.frameRates) {
+            int32_t frameRateInt = static_cast<int32_t>(fr.getFramesPerSecond());
+            if (minFps > frameRateInt) {
+                minFps = frameRateInt;
+            }
+            framerates.insert(frameRateInt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> fpsRanges;
+    // FPS ranges
+    for (const auto& framerate : framerates) {
+        // Empirical: webcams often have close to 2x fps error and cannot support fixed fps range
+        fpsRanges.push_back(framerate / 2);
+        fpsRanges.push_back(framerate);
+    }
+    minFps /= 2;
+    int64_t maxFrameDuration = 1000000000LL / minFps;
+
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES, fpsRanges.data(), fpsRanges.size());
+
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_MAX_FRAME_DURATION, &maxFrameDuration, 1);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#undef ARRAY_SIZE
+#undef UPDATE
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::getFrameRateList(int fd, double fpsUpperBound,
+                                            SupportedV4L2Format* format) {
+    format->frameRates.clear();
+
+    v4l2_frmivalenum frameInterval{
+            .index = 0,
+            .pixel_format = format->fourcc,
+            .width = static_cast<__u32>(format->width),
+            .height = static_cast<__u32>(format->height),
+    };
+
+    for (frameInterval.index = 0;
+         TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS, &frameInterval)) == 0;
+         ++frameInterval.index) {
+        if (frameInterval.type == V4L2_FRMIVAL_TYPE_DISCRETE) {
+            if (frameInterval.discrete.numerator != 0) {
+                SupportedV4L2Format::FrameRate fr = {frameInterval.discrete.numerator,
+                                                     frameInterval.discrete.denominator};
+                double framerate = fr.getFramesPerSecond();
+                if (framerate > fpsUpperBound) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ALOGV("index:%d, format:%c%c%c%c, w %d, h %d, framerate %f", frameInterval.index,
+                      frameInterval.pixel_format & 0xFF, (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                      (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                      (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 24) & 0xFF, frameInterval.width,
+                      frameInterval.height, framerate);
+                format->frameRates.push_back(fr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (format->frameRates.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to get supported frame rates for format:%c%c%c%c w %d h %d", __FUNCTION__,
+              frameInterval.pixel_format & 0xFF, (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 8) & 0xFF,
+              (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 16) & 0xFF, (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 24) & 0xFF,
+              frameInterval.width, frameInterval.height);
+    }
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::updateFpsBounds(
+        int fd, CroppingType cropType,
+        const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits,
+        SupportedV4L2Format format, std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& outFmts) {
+    double fpsUpperBound = -1.0;
+    for (const auto& limit : fpsLimits) {
+        if (cropType == VERTICAL) {
+            if (format.width <= limit.size.width) {
+                fpsUpperBound = limit.fpsUpperBound;
+                break;
+            }
+        } else {  // HORIZONTAL
+            if (format.height <= limit.size.height) {
+                fpsUpperBound = limit.fpsUpperBound;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (fpsUpperBound < 0.f) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    getFrameRateList(fd, fpsUpperBound, &format);
+    if (!format.frameRates.empty()) {
+        outFmts.push_back(format);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> ExternalCameraDevice::getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(
+        int fd, CroppingType cropType,
+        const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits,
+        const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& depthFpsLimits,
+        const Size& minStreamSize, bool depthEnabled) {
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> outFmts;
+    struct v4l2_fmtdesc fmtdesc {
+        .index = 0, .type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
+    };
+    int ret = 0;
+    while (ret == 0) {
+        ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, &fmtdesc));
+        ALOGV("index:%d,ret:%d, format:%c%c%c%c", fmtdesc.index, ret, fmtdesc.pixelformat & 0xFF,
+              (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 8) & 0xFF, (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 16) & 0xFF,
+              (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 24) & 0xFF);
+
+        if (ret != 0 || (fmtdesc.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_EMULATED)) {
+            // Skip if IOCTL failed, or if the format is emulated
+            fmtdesc.index++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto it =
+                std::find(kSupportedFourCCs.begin(), kSupportedFourCCs.end(), fmtdesc.pixelformat);
+        if (it == kSupportedFourCCs.end()) {
+            fmtdesc.index++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Found supported format
+        v4l2_frmsizeenum frameSize{.index = 0, .pixel_format = fmtdesc.pixelformat};
+        for (; TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES, &frameSize)) == 0;
+             ++frameSize.index) {
+            if (frameSize.type == V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_DISCRETE) {
+                ALOGV("index:%d, format:%c%c%c%c, w %d, h %d", frameSize.index,
+                      fmtdesc.pixelformat & 0xFF, (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                      (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 16) & 0xFF, (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 24) & 0xFF,
+                      frameSize.discrete.width, frameSize.discrete.height);
+
+                // Disregard h > w formats so all aspect ratio (h/w) <= 1.0
+                // This will simplify the crop/scaling logic down the road
+                if (frameSize.discrete.height > frameSize.discrete.width) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Discard all formats which is smaller than minStreamSize
+                if (frameSize.discrete.width < minStreamSize.width ||
+                    frameSize.discrete.height < minStreamSize.height) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SupportedV4L2Format format{
+                        .width = static_cast<int32_t>(frameSize.discrete.width),
+                        .height = static_cast<int32_t>(frameSize.discrete.height),
+                        .fourcc = fmtdesc.pixelformat};
+
+                if (format.fourcc == V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16 && depthEnabled) {
+                    updateFpsBounds(fd, cropType, depthFpsLimits, format, outFmts);
+                } else {
+                    updateFpsBounds(fd, cropType, fpsLimits, format, outFmts);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        fmtdesc.index++;
+    }
+    trimSupportedFormats(cropType, &outFmts);
+    return outFmts;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::trimSupportedFormats(CroppingType cropType,
+                                                std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>* pFmts) {
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFmts = *pFmts;
+    if (cropType == VERTICAL) {
+        std::sort(sortedFmts.begin(), sortedFmts.end(),
+                  [](const SupportedV4L2Format& a, const SupportedV4L2Format& b) -> bool {
+                      if (a.width == b.width) {
+                          return a.height < b.height;
+                      }
+                      return a.width < b.width;
+                  });
+    } else {
+        std::sort(sortedFmts.begin(), sortedFmts.end(),
+                  [](const SupportedV4L2Format& a, const SupportedV4L2Format& b) -> bool {
+                      if (a.height == b.height) {
+                          return a.width < b.width;
+                      }
+                      return a.height < b.height;
+                  });
+    }
+
+    if (sortedFmts.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: input format list is empty!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& maxSize = sortedFmts[sortedFmts.size() - 1];
+    float maxSizeAr = ASPECT_RATIO(maxSize);
+
+    // Remove formats that has aspect ratio not croppable from largest size
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> out;
+    for (const auto& fmt : sortedFmts) {
+        float ar = ASPECT_RATIO(fmt);
+        if (isAspectRatioClose(ar, maxSizeAr)) {
+            out.push_back(fmt);
+        } else if (cropType == HORIZONTAL && ar < maxSizeAr) {
+            out.push_back(fmt);
+        } else if (cropType == VERTICAL && ar > maxSizeAr) {
+            out.push_back(fmt);
+        } else {
+            ALOGV("%s: size (%d,%d) is removed due to unable to crop %s from (%d,%d)", __FUNCTION__,
+                  fmt.width, fmt.height, cropType == VERTICAL ? "vertically" : "horizontally",
+                  maxSize.width, maxSize.height);
+        }
+    }
+    sortedFmts = out;
+}
+
+binder_status_t ExternalCameraDevice::dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) {
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> session = mSession.lock();
+    if (session == nullptr) {
+        dprintf(fd, "No active camera device session instance\n");
+        return STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    return session->dump(fd, args, numArgs);
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file