diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp
index cd38f2e..d3f6612 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFingerprintV2_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <future>
+#include <utility>
+
 using android::Condition;
 using android::hardware::biometrics::fingerprint::V2_1::IBiometricsFingerprint;
 using android::hardware::biometrics::fingerprint::V2_1::IBiometricsFingerprintClientCallback;
@@ -34,156 +38,423 @@
 using android::Mutex;
 using android::sp;
 
+namespace {
+
+static const uint32_t kTimeout = 3;
+static const std::chrono::seconds kTimeoutInSeconds = std::chrono::seconds(kTimeout);
+static const uint32_t kGroupId = 99;
+static const std::string kTmpDir = "/data/local/tmp/";
+static const uint32_t kIterations = 1000;
+
+// Wait for a callback to occur (signaled by the given future) up to the
+// provided timeout. If the future is invalid or the callback does not come
+// within the given time, returns false.
+template<class ReturnType>
+bool waitForCallback(
+    std::future<ReturnType> future,
+    std::chrono::milliseconds timeout = kTimeoutInSeconds) {
+  auto expiration = std::chrono::system_clock::now() + timeout;
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(future.valid());
+  if (future.valid()) {
+    std::future_status status = future.wait_until(expiration);
+    EXPECT_NE(std::future_status::timeout, status)
+        << "Timed out waiting for callback";
+    if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Base callback implementation that just logs all callbacks by default
+class FingerprintCallbackBase : public IBiometricsFingerprintClientCallback {
+ public:
+  // implement methods of IBiometricsFingerprintClientCallback
+  virtual Return<void> onEnrollResult(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)
+      override {
+    ALOGD("Enroll callback called.");
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onAcquired(uint64_t, FingerprintAcquiredInfo, int32_t)
+      override {
+    ALOGD("Acquired callback called.");
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onAuthenticated(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t,
+      const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) override {
+    ALOGD("Authenticated callback called.");
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onError(uint64_t, FingerprintError, int32_t)
+      override {
+    ALOGD("Error callback called.");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(false);  // fail any test that triggers an error
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onRemoved(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)
+      override {
+    ALOGD("Removed callback called.");
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onEnumerate(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)
+      override {
+    ALOGD("Enumerate callback called.");
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+};
+
+class EnumerateCallback : public FingerprintCallbackBase {
+ public:
+  virtual Return<void> onEnumerate(uint64_t deviceId, uint32_t fingerId,
+      uint32_t groupId, uint32_t remaining) override {
+    this->deviceId = deviceId;
+    this->fingerId = fingerId;
+    this->groupId = groupId;
+    this->remaining = remaining;
+
+    if(remaining == 0UL) {
+      promise.set_value();
+    }
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  uint64_t deviceId;
+  uint32_t fingerId;
+  uint32_t groupId;
+  uint32_t remaining;
+  std::promise<void> promise;
+};
+
+class ErrorCallback : public FingerprintCallbackBase {
+ public:
+  ErrorCallback(
+      bool filterErrors=false,
+      FingerprintError errorType=FingerprintError::ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+    this->filterErrors = filterErrors;
+    this->errorType = errorType;
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onError(uint64_t deviceId, FingerprintError error,
+      int32_t vendorCode) override {
+    if ((this->filterErrors && this->errorType == error) || !this->filterErrors) {
+      this->deviceId = deviceId;
+      this->error = error;
+      this->vendorCode = vendorCode;
+      promise.set_value();
+    }
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  bool filterErrors;
+  FingerprintError errorType;
+  uint64_t deviceId;
+  FingerprintError error;
+  int32_t vendorCode;
+  std::promise<void> promise;
+};
+
+class RemoveCallback : public FingerprintCallbackBase {
+ public:
+  RemoveCallback(uint32_t groupId) {
+    this->removeGroupId = groupId;
+  }
+
+  virtual Return<void> onRemoved(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t groupId,
+      uint32_t remaining) override {
+    EXPECT_EQ(this->removeGroupId, groupId);
+    if(remaining == 0UL) {
+      promise.set_value();
+    }
+    return Return<void>();
+  }
+
+  uint32_t removeGroupId;
+  std::promise<void> promise;
+};
+
 class FingerprintHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+ public:
+  virtual void SetUp() override {
+    mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IBiometricsFingerprint>();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mService == nullptr);
 
-protected:
-    class MyCallback : public IBiometricsFingerprintClientCallback {
+    // Create an active group
+    Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->setActiveGroup(kGroupId, kTmpDir);
+    ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+  }
 
-        // implement methods of IBiometricsFingerprintClientCallback
-        virtual Return<void> onEnrollResult(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t,
-                uint32_t) override {
-            callBackCalled();
-            return Return<void>();
-        }
+  virtual void TearDown() override {}
 
-        virtual Return<void> onAcquired(uint64_t, FingerprintAcquiredInfo,
-                int32_t) override {
-            callBackCalled();
-            return Return<void>();
-        }
-
-        virtual Return<void> onAuthenticated(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t,
-                const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) override {
-            callBackCalled();
-            return Return<void>();
-        }
-
-        virtual Return<void> onError(uint64_t, FingerprintError error, int32_t)
-                override {
-            mTestCase->mErr = error;
-            callBackCalled();
-            return Return<void>();
-        }
-
-        virtual Return<void> onRemoved(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t)
-                override {
-            callBackCalled();
-            return Return<void>();
-        }
-
-        virtual Return<void> onEnumerate(uint64_t, uint32_t, uint32_t,
-                uint32_t) override {
-            callBackCalled();
-            return Return<void>();
-        }
-
-        void callBackCalled () {
-            mTestCase->mCallbackCalled = true;
-            mTestCase->mCallbackCond.broadcast();
-        }
-
-        FingerprintHidlTest* mTestCase;
-    public:
-        MyCallback(FingerprintHidlTest* aTest) : mTestCase(aTest) {}
-    };
-
-    sp<MyCallback> mCallback;
-    bool mCallbackCalled;
-    Condition mCallbackCond;
-    FingerprintError mErr;
-    Mutex mLock;
-    sp<IBiometricsFingerprint> mService;
-    static const unsigned int kThresholdInSeconds = 3;
-
-    void clearErr () {
-        mErr = FingerprintError::ERROR_NO_ERROR;
-    }
-
-    // Timed callback mechanism.  Will block up to kThresholdInSeconds,
-    // returning true if callback was invoked in that time frame.
-    bool waitForCallback(const unsigned int seconds = kThresholdInSeconds) {
-        nsecs_t reltime = seconds_to_nanoseconds(seconds);
-        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
-        nsecs_t endTime = systemTime() + reltime;
-        while (!mCallbackCalled) {
-            if (reltime == 0) {
-                mCallbackCond.wait(mLock);
-            } else {
-                nsecs_t now = systemTime();
-                if (now > endTime) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                mCallbackCond.waitRelative(mLock, endTime - now);
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-public:
-    FingerprintHidlTest (): mCallbackCalled(false) {}
-
-    virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IBiometricsFingerprint>();
-
-        ASSERT_NE(mService, nullptr);
-        clearErr();
-
-        mCallback = new MyCallback(this);
-        // TODO: instantly fail any test that receives a death notification
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() override {}
+  sp<IBiometricsFingerprint> mService;
 };
 
-class FingerprintHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
-public:
-    virtual void SetUp() {}
-    virtual void TearDown() {}
-};
 
 // The service should be reachable.
 TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, ConnectTest) {
-    Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(mCallback);
-    EXPECT_NE(rc, 0UL);
+  sp<FingerprintCallbackBase> cb = new FingerprintCallbackBase();
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+}
+
+// Starting the service with null callback should succeed.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, ConnectNullTest) {
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(NULL);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+}
+
+// Pre-enroll should always return unique, cryptographically secure, non-zero number
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, PreEnrollTest) {
+  std::map<uint64_t, uint64_t> m;
+
+  for(unsigned int i = 0; i < kIterations; ++i) {
+    uint64_t res = static_cast<uint64_t>(mService->preEnroll());
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, res);
+    m[res]++;
+    EXPECT_EQ(1UL, m[res]);
+  }
+}
+
+// Enroll with an invalid (all zeroes) HAT should fail.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, EnrollInvalidHatTest) {
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback();
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  uint8_t token[69];
+  for(int i=0; i<69; i++) {
+    token[i] = 0;
+  }
+
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->enroll(token, kGroupId, kTimeout);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // At least one call to onError should occur
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+  ASSERT_NE(FingerprintError::ERROR_NO_ERROR, cb->error);
+}
+
+// Enroll with an invalid (null) HAT should fail.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, EnrollNullTest) {
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback();
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  uint8_t token[69];
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->enroll(token, kGroupId, kTimeout);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // At least one call to onError should occur
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+  ASSERT_NE(FingerprintError::ERROR_NO_ERROR, cb->error);
+}
+
+// PostEnroll should always return within 3s
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, PostEnrollTest) {
+  sp<FingerprintCallbackBase> cb = new FingerprintCallbackBase();
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+
+  auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->postEnroll();
+  auto elapsed = std::chrono::system_clock::now() - start;
+  ASSERT_GE(kTimeoutInSeconds, elapsed);
+}
+
+// getAuthenticatorId should always return non-zero numbers
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, GetAuthenticatorIdTest) {
+  Return<uint64_t> res = mService->getAuthenticatorId();
+  EXPECT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(res));
+}
+
+// Enumerate should always trigger onEnumerated(fid=0, rem=0) when there are no fingerprints
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, EnumerateTest) {
+  sp<EnumerateCallback> cb = new EnumerateCallback();
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  // Callback will return when rem=0 is found
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->enumerate();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0UL, cb->fingerId);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0UL, cb->remaining);
+
+}
+
+// Remove should succeed on any inputs
+// At least one callback with "remaining=0" should occur
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, RemoveFingerprintTest) {
+  // Register callback
+  sp<RemoveCallback> cb = new RemoveCallback(kGroupId);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  // Remove a fingerprint
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->remove(kGroupId, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // At least one call to onRemove with remaining=0 should occur
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+}
+
+// Remove should accept 0 to delete all fingerprints
+// At least one callback with "remaining=0" should occur.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, RemoveAllFingerprintsTest) {
+  // Register callback
+  sp<RemoveCallback> cb = new RemoveCallback(kGroupId);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  // Remove all fingerprints
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->remove(kGroupId, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+}
+
+// Active group should successfully set to a writable location.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, SetActiveGroupTest) {
+  // Create an active group
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->setActiveGroup(2, kTmpDir);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // Reset active group
+  res = mService->setActiveGroup(kGroupId, kTmpDir);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+}
+
+// Active group should fail to set to an unwritable location.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, SetActiveGroupUnwritableTest) {
+  // Create an active group to an unwritable location (device root dir)
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->setActiveGroup(3, "/");
+  ASSERT_NE(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // Reset active group
+  res = mService->setActiveGroup(kGroupId, kTmpDir);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+}
+
+// Active group should fail to set to a null location.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, SetActiveGroupNullTest) {
+  // Create an active group to a null location.
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->setActiveGroup(4, nullptr);
+  ASSERT_NE(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // Reset active group
+  res = mService->setActiveGroup(kGroupId, kTmpDir);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
 }
 
 // Cancel should always return ERROR_CANCELED from any starting state including
 // the IDLE state.
 TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, CancelTest) {
-    Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(mCallback);
-    EXPECT_NE(rc, 0UL);
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback(true, FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0UL, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
 
-    Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->cancel();
-    // make sure callback was invoked within kThresholdInSeconds
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, waitForCallback());
-    // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
-    EXPECT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, res);
-    // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
-    EXPECT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, mErr);
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->cancel();
+  // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // make sure callback was invoked within kTimeoutInSeconds
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+  // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
+  ASSERT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, cb->error);
 }
 
-// A call to cancel should after any other method call should set the error
-// state to canceled.
-TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, AuthTest) {
-    Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(mCallback);
-    EXPECT_NE(rc, 0UL);
+// A call to cancel should succeed during enroll.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, CancelEnrollTest) {
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->setActiveGroup(kGroupId, kTmpDir);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
 
-    Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->authenticate(0, 0);
-    // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
-    EXPECT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, res);
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback(true, FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0U, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
 
-    res = mService->cancel();
-    // make sure callback was invoked within kThresholdInSeconds
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, waitForCallback());
-    // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
-    EXPECT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, res);
-    // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
-    EXPECT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, mErr);
+  uint8_t token[69];
+  res = mService->enroll(token, kGroupId, kTimeout);
+  // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  res = mService->cancel();
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // make sure callback was invoked within kTimeoutInSeconds
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+
+  // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
+  ASSERT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, cb->error);
 }
 
+// A call to cancel should succeed during authentication.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, CancelAuthTest) {
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback(true, FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0U, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->authenticate(0, kGroupId);
+  // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  res = mService->cancel();
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // make sure callback was invoked within kTimeoutInSeconds
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+
+  // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
+  ASSERT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, cb->error);
+}
+
+// A call to cancel should succeed during authentication.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, CancelRemoveTest) {
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback(true, FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0U, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  // Remove a fingerprint
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->remove(kGroupId, 1);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  res = mService->cancel();
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // make sure callback was invoked within kTimeoutInSeconds
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+
+  // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
+  ASSERT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, cb->error);
+}
+
+// A call to cancel should succeed during authentication.
+TEST_F(FingerprintHidlTest, CancelRemoveAllTest) {
+  sp<ErrorCallback> cb = new ErrorCallback(true, FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED);
+  Return<uint64_t> rc = mService->setNotify(cb);
+  ASSERT_NE(0U, static_cast<uint64_t>(rc));
+
+  // Remove a fingerprint
+  Return<RequestStatus> res = mService->remove(kGroupId, 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  res = mService->cancel();
+  ASSERT_EQ(RequestStatus::SYS_OK, static_cast<RequestStatus>(res));
+
+  // make sure callback was invoked within kTimeoutInSeconds
+  ASSERT_TRUE(waitForCallback(cb->promise.get_future()));
+
+  // check error should be ERROR_CANCELED
+  ASSERT_EQ(FingerprintError::ERROR_CANCELED, cb->error);
+}
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new FingerprintHidlEnvironment);
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
-    return status;
+  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+  LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
+  return status;
 }
+