diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
index d3b041d..2356ff0 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
@@ -435,8 +435,8 @@
         mInputMemory = TestBlobAHWB::create(std::max<size_t>(inputSize, 1));
         mOutputMemory = TestBlobAHWB::create(std::max<size_t>(outputSize, 1));
     } else {
-        mInputMemory = TestAshmem::create(std::max<size_t>(inputSize, 1));
-        mOutputMemory = TestAshmem::create(std::max<size_t>(outputSize, 1));
+        mInputMemory = TestAshmem::create(std::max<size_t>(inputSize, 1), /*aidlReadonly=*/true);
+        mOutputMemory = TestAshmem::create(std::max<size_t>(outputSize, 1), /*aidlReadonly=*/false);
     }
     CHECK_NE(mInputMemory, nullptr);
     CHECK_NE(mOutputMemory, nullptr);
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.cpp
index 3c7f5f7..9af362e 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_status.h>
 #include <android/hardware_buffer.h>
 
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <limits>
 #include <numeric>
@@ -98,19 +99,39 @@
                            std::multiplies<>{});
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<TestAshmem> TestAshmem::create(uint32_t size) {
-    auto ashmem = std::make_unique<TestAshmem>(size);
+std::unique_ptr<TestAshmem> TestAshmem::create(uint32_t size, bool aidlReadonly) {
+    auto ashmem = std::make_unique<TestAshmem>(size, aidlReadonly);
     return ashmem->mIsValid ? std::move(ashmem) : nullptr;
 }
 
-void TestAshmem::initialize(uint32_t size) {
+// This function will create a readonly shared memory with PROT_READ only.
+// The input shared memory must be either Ashmem or mapped-FD.
+static nn::SharedMemory convertSharedMemoryToReadonly(const nn::SharedMemory& sharedMemory) {
+    if (std::holds_alternative<nn::Memory::Ashmem>(sharedMemory->handle)) {
+        const auto& memory = std::get<nn::Memory::Ashmem>(sharedMemory->handle);
+        return nn::createSharedMemoryFromFd(memory.size, PROT_READ, memory.fd.get(), /*offset=*/0)
+                .value();
+    } else if (std::holds_alternative<nn::Memory::Fd>(sharedMemory->handle)) {
+        const auto& memory = std::get<nn::Memory::Fd>(sharedMemory->handle);
+        return nn::createSharedMemoryFromFd(memory.size, PROT_READ, memory.fd.get(), memory.offset)
+                .value();
+    }
+    CHECK(false) << "Unexpected shared memory type";
+    return sharedMemory;
+}
+
+void TestAshmem::initialize(uint32_t size, bool aidlReadonly) {
     mIsValid = false;
     ASSERT_GT(size, 0);
     const auto sharedMemory = nn::createSharedMemory(size).value();
     mMappedMemory = nn::map(sharedMemory).value();
     mPtr = static_cast<uint8_t*>(std::get<void*>(mMappedMemory.pointer));
     CHECK_NE(mPtr, nullptr);
-    mAidlMemory = utils::convert(sharedMemory).value();
+    if (aidlReadonly) {
+        mAidlMemory = utils::convert(convertSharedMemoryToReadonly(sharedMemory)).value();
+    } else {
+        mAidlMemory = utils::convert(sharedMemory).value();
+    }
     mIsValid = true;
 }
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h
index 77085a7..9dd7359 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/Utils.h
@@ -79,15 +79,18 @@
 
 class TestAshmem : public TestMemoryBase {
   public:
-    static std::unique_ptr<TestAshmem> create(uint32_t size);
+    // If aidlReadonly is true, getAidlMemory will return a sAIDL memory with readonly access;
+    // otherwise, the sAIDL memory has read-write access. This only affects the sAIDL memory.
+    // getPointer will always return a valid address with read-write access.
+    static std::unique_ptr<TestAshmem> create(uint32_t size, bool aidlReadonly = false);
 
     // Prefer TestAshmem::create.
     // The constructor calls initialize, which constructs the memory resources. This is a workaround
     // that gtest macros cannot be used directly in a constructor.
-    TestAshmem(uint32_t size) { initialize(size); }
+    TestAshmem(uint32_t size, bool aidlReadonly) { initialize(size, aidlReadonly); }
 
   private:
-    void initialize(uint32_t size);
+    void initialize(uint32_t size, bool aidlReadonly);
     nn::Mapping mMappedMemory;
 };