diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
index 5478633..eb9cbc3 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@
                                                nullptr, nullptr, &context));
     context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
     std::shared_ptr<StreamIn> stream;
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createInputStream(in_args.sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createInputStream(std::move(context), in_args.sinkMetadata,
                                              mConfig->microphones, &stream));
     StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
     if (auto patchIt = mPatches.find(in_args.portConfigId); patchIt != mPatches.end()) {
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@
                                                in_args.eventCallback, &context));
     context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
     std::shared_ptr<StreamOut> stream;
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createOutputStream(in_args.sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(createOutputStream(std::move(context), in_args.sourceMetadata,
                                               in_args.offloadInfo, &stream));
     StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
     if (auto patchIt = mPatches.find(in_args.portConfigId); patchIt != mPatches.end()) {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp
index cbb6730..d8ea9e7 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/ModulePrimary.cpp
@@ -38,22 +38,23 @@
         mTelephony = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Telephony>();
     }
     *_aidl_return = mTelephony.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of ITelephony: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__
+               << ": returning instance of ITelephony: " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus ModulePrimary::createInputStream(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                                    StreamContext&& context,
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModulePrimary::createInputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                    const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                                     const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
                                                     std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
                                               microphones);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModulePrimary::createOutputStream(
-        const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+        StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
         const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                                offloadInfo);
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
index 215de94..f4194d2 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -47,13 +47,19 @@
         desc->reply = mReplyMQ->dupeDesc();
     }
     if (mDataMQ) {
-        const size_t frameSize = getFrameSize();
-        desc->frameSizeBytes = frameSize;
-        desc->bufferSizeFrames = mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize() / frameSize;
+        desc->frameSizeBytes = getFrameSize();
+        desc->bufferSizeFrames = getBufferSizeInFrames();
         desc->audio.set<StreamDescriptor::AudioBuffer::Tag::fmq>(mDataMQ->dupeDesc());
     }
 }
 
+size_t StreamContext::getBufferSizeInFrames() const {
+    if (mDataMQ) {
+        return mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize() / getFrameSize();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
 size_t StreamContext::getFrameSize() const {
     return getFrameSizeInBytes(mFormat, mChannelLayout);
 }
@@ -597,18 +603,16 @@
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamCommonImpl::initInstance(
         const std::shared_ptr<StreamCommonInterface>& delegate) {
     mCommon = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamCommonDelegator>(delegate);
-    mCommonBinder = mCommon->asBinder();
-    AIBinder_setMinSchedulerPolicy(mCommonBinder.get(), SCHED_NORMAL, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO);
     return mWorker->start() ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
                             : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamCommonImpl::getStreamCommonCommon(
         std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) {
-    if (mCommon == nullptr) {
+    if (!mCommon) {
         LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": the common interface was not created";
     }
-    *_aidl_return = mCommon;
+    *_aidl_return = mCommon.getPtr();
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -659,7 +663,7 @@
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining the worker thread...";
         mWorker->stop();
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": worker thread joined";
-        mContext.reset();
+        onClose();
         mWorker->setClosed();
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     } else {
@@ -723,11 +727,15 @@
 }
 }  // namespace
 
-StreamIn::StreamIn(const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : mMicrophones(transformMicrophones(microphones)) {
+StreamIn::StreamIn(StreamContext&& context, const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
+    : mContext(std::move(context)), mMicrophones(transformMicrophones(microphones)) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
 }
 
+void StreamIn::defaultOnClose() {
+    mContext.reset();
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamIn::getActiveMicrophones(
         std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return) {
     std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo> result;
@@ -780,11 +788,15 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
 }
 
-StreamOut::StreamOut(const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : mOffloadInfo(offloadInfo) {
+StreamOut::StreamOut(StreamContext&& context, const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
+    : mContext(std::move(context)), mOffloadInfo(offloadInfo) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
 }
 
+void StreamOut::defaultOnClose() {
+    mContext.reset();
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOut::updateOffloadMetadata(
         const AudioOffloadMetadata& in_offloadMetadata) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp
index f0393e3..126c033 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.cpp
@@ -14,44 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_AlsaMixer"
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
 
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_AlsaMixer"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android/binder_status.h>
 
 #include "Mixer.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa {
 
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-MixerControl::MixerControl(struct mixer_ctl* ctl)
-    : mCtl(ctl),
-      mNumValues(mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl)),
-      mMinValue(mixer_ctl_get_range_min(ctl)),
-      mMaxValue(mixer_ctl_get_range_max(ctl)) {}
-
-unsigned int MixerControl::getNumValues() const {
-    return mNumValues;
-}
-
-int MixerControl::getMaxValue() const {
-    return mMaxValue;
-}
-
-int MixerControl::getMinValue() const {
-    return mMinValue;
-}
-
-int MixerControl::setArray(const void* array, size_t count) {
-    const std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
-    return mixer_ctl_set_array(mCtl, array, count);
-}
-
-//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 // static
 const std::map<Mixer::Control, std::vector<Mixer::ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>>
         Mixer::kPossibleControls = {
@@ -60,18 +33,20 @@
                 {Mixer::HW_VOLUME,
                  {{"Headphone Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT},
                   {"Headset Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT},
-                  {"PCM Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}}};
+                  {"PCM Playback Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}},
+                {Mixer::MIC_SWITCH, {{"Capture Switch", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_BOOL}}},
+                {Mixer::MIC_GAIN, {{"Capture Volume", MIXER_CTL_TYPE_INT}}}};
 
 // static
-std::map<Mixer::Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> Mixer::initializeMixerControls(
-        struct mixer* mixer) {
-    std::map<Mixer::Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> mixerControls;
+Mixer::Controls Mixer::initializeMixerControls(struct mixer* mixer) {
+    if (mixer == nullptr) return {};
+    Controls mixerControls;
     std::string mixerCtlNames;
     for (const auto& [control, possibleCtls] : kPossibleControls) {
         for (const auto& [ctlName, expectedCtlType] : possibleCtls) {
             struct mixer_ctl* ctl = mixer_get_ctl_by_name(mixer, ctlName.c_str());
             if (ctl != nullptr && mixer_ctl_get_type(ctl) == expectedCtlType) {
-                mixerControls.emplace(control, std::make_unique<MixerControl>(ctl));
+                mixerControls.emplace(control, ctl);
                 if (!mixerCtlNames.empty()) {
                     mixerCtlNames += ",";
                 }
@@ -84,71 +59,141 @@
     return mixerControls;
 }
 
-Mixer::Mixer(struct mixer* mixer)
-    : mMixer(mixer), mMixerControls(initializeMixerControls(mMixer)) {}
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Mixer::Control c) {
+    switch (c) {
+        case Mixer::Control::MASTER_SWITCH:
+            s << "master mute";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::MASTER_VOLUME:
+            s << "master volume";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::HW_VOLUME:
+            s << "volume";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::MIC_SWITCH:
+            s << "mic mute";
+            break;
+        case Mixer::Control::MIC_GAIN:
+            s << "mic gain";
+            break;
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+Mixer::Mixer(int card) : mMixer(mixer_open(card)), mMixerControls(initializeMixerControls(mMixer)) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open mixer for card=" << card;
+    }
+}
 
 Mixer::~Mixer() {
-    mixer_close(mMixer);
+    if (isValid()) {
+        std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+        mixer_close(mMixer);
+    }
 }
 
-namespace {
-
-int volumeFloatToInteger(float fValue, int maxValue, int minValue) {
-    return minValue + std::ceil((maxValue - minValue) * fValue);
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMasterMute(bool muted) {
-    auto it = mMixerControls.find(Mixer::MASTER_SWITCH);
-    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
-    }
-    const int numValues = it->second->getNumValues();
-    std::vector<int> values(numValues, muted ? 0 : 1);
-    if (int err = it->second->setArray(values.data(), numValues); err != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set master mute, err=" << err;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    }
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    return setMixerControlMute(MASTER_SWITCH, muted);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMasterVolume(float volume) {
-    auto it = mMixerControls.find(Mixer::MASTER_VOLUME);
-    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
-    }
-    const int numValues = it->second->getNumValues();
-    std::vector<int> values(numValues, volumeFloatToInteger(volume, it->second->getMaxValue(),
-                                                            it->second->getMinValue()));
-    if (int err = it->second->setArray(values.data(), numValues); err != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set master volume, err=" << err;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-    }
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    return setMixerControlVolume(MASTER_VOLUME, volume);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMicGain(float gain) {
+    return setMixerControlVolume(MIC_GAIN, gain);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMicMute(bool muted) {
+    return setMixerControlMute(MIC_SWITCH, muted);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setVolumes(const std::vector<float>& volumes) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
     auto it = mMixerControls.find(Mixer::HW_VOLUME);
     if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
     }
-    const int numValues = it->second->getNumValues();
-    if (numValues < 0) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": negative number of values: " << numValues;
-    }
-    const int maxValue = it->second->getMaxValue();
-    const int minValue = it->second->getMinValue();
-    std::vector<int> values;
-    size_t i = 0;
-    for (; i < static_cast<size_t>(numValues) && i < values.size(); ++i) {
-        values.emplace_back(volumeFloatToInteger(volumes[i], maxValue, minValue));
-    }
-    if (int err = it->second->setArray(values.data(), values.size()); err != 0) {
+    std::vector<int> percents;
+    std::transform(
+            volumes.begin(), volumes.end(), std::back_inserter(percents),
+            [](float volume) -> int { return std::floor(std::clamp(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f) * 100); });
+    std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+    if (int err = setMixerControlPercent(it->second, percents); err != 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set volume, err=" << err;
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
     }
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMixerControlMute(Mixer::Control ctl, bool muted) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    auto it = mMixerControls.find(ctl);
+    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    }
+    std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+    if (int err = setMixerControlValue(it->second, muted ? 0 : 1); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set " << ctl << " to " << muted << ", err=" << err;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Mixer::setMixerControlVolume(Control ctl, float volume) {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    auto it = mMixerControls.find(ctl);
+    if (it == mMixerControls.end()) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    }
+    volume = std::clamp(volume, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    std::lock_guard l(mMixerAccess);
+    if (int err = setMixerControlPercent(it->second, std::floor(volume * 100)); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to set " << ctl << " to " << volume << ", err=" << err;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+int Mixer::setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int percent) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    const unsigned int n = mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl);
+    for (unsigned int id = 0; id < n; id++) {
+        if (int error = mixer_ctl_set_percent(ctl, id, percent); error != 0) {
+            ret = error;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int Mixer::setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, const std::vector<int>& percents) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    const unsigned int n = mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl);
+    for (unsigned int id = 0; id < n; id++) {
+        if (int error = mixer_ctl_set_percent(ctl, id, id < percents.size() ? percents[id] : 0);
+            error != 0) {
+            ret = error;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int Mixer::setMixerControlValue(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int value) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    const unsigned int n = mixer_ctl_get_num_values(ctl);
+    for (unsigned int id = 0; id < n; id++) {
+        if (int error = mixer_ctl_set_value(ctl, id, value); error != 0) {
+            ret = error;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h
index de9e6f4..78728c2 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Mixer.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <iostream>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -31,34 +32,17 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa {
 
-class MixerControl {
-  public:
-    explicit MixerControl(struct mixer_ctl* ctl);
-
-    unsigned int getNumValues() const;
-    int getMaxValue() const;
-    int getMinValue() const;
-    int setArray(const void* array, size_t count);
-
-  private:
-    std::mutex mLock;
-    // The mixer_ctl object is owned by ALSA and will be released when the mixer is closed.
-    struct mixer_ctl* mCtl GUARDED_BY(mLock);
-    const unsigned int mNumValues;
-    const int mMinValue;
-    const int mMaxValue;
-};
-
 class Mixer {
   public:
-    explicit Mixer(struct mixer* mixer);
-
+    explicit Mixer(int card);
     ~Mixer();
 
     bool isValid() const { return mMixer != nullptr; }
 
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterMute(bool muted);
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setMasterVolume(float volume);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMicGain(float gain);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMicMute(bool muted);
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setVolumes(const std::vector<float>& volumes);
 
   private:
@@ -66,17 +50,32 @@
         MASTER_SWITCH,
         MASTER_VOLUME,
         HW_VOLUME,
+        MIC_SWITCH,
+        MIC_GAIN,
     };
     using ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType = std::pair<std::string, enum mixer_ctl_type>;
-    static const std::map<Control, std::vector<ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>> kPossibleControls;
-    static std::map<Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> initializeMixerControls(
-            struct mixer* mixer);
+    using Controls = std::map<Control, struct mixer_ctl*>;
 
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, Control);
+    static const std::map<Control, std::vector<ControlNamesAndExpectedCtlType>> kPossibleControls;
+    static Controls initializeMixerControls(struct mixer* mixer);
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMixerControlMute(Control ctl, bool muted);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMixerControlVolume(Control ctl, float volume);
+
+    int setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int percent) REQUIRES(mMixerAccess);
+    int setMixerControlPercent(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, const std::vector<int>& percents)
+            REQUIRES(mMixerAccess);
+    int setMixerControlValue(struct mixer_ctl* ctl, int value) REQUIRES(mMixerAccess);
+
+    // Since ALSA functions do not use internal locking, enforce thread safety at our level.
+    std::mutex mMixerAccess;
     // The mixer object is owned by ALSA and will be released when the mixer is closed.
-    struct mixer* mMixer;
+    struct mixer* const mMixer;
     // `mMixerControls` will only be initialized in constructor. After that, it wil only be
-    // read but not be modified.
-    const std::map<Control, std::shared_ptr<MixerControl>> mMixerControls;
+    // read but not be modified. Each mixer_ctl object is owned by ALSA, it's life span is
+    // the same as of the mixer itself.
+    const Controls mMixerControls;
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::alsa
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
index 17c7feb..c7fb022 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
@@ -27,16 +27,32 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamAlsa::StreamAlsa(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamCommonImpl(metadata, std::move(context)),
+StreamAlsa::StreamAlsa(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata, int readWriteRetries)
+    : StreamCommonImpl(context, metadata),
       mFrameSizeBytes(getContext().getFrameSize()),
       mIsInput(isInput(metadata)),
-      mConfig(alsa::getPcmConfig(getContext(), mIsInput)) {}
+      mConfig(alsa::getPcmConfig(getContext(), mIsInput)),
+      mReadWriteRetries(readWriteRetries) {}
 
 ::android::status_t StreamAlsa::init() {
     return mConfig.has_value() ? ::android::OK : ::android::NO_INIT;
 }
 
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::flush() {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
+::android::status_t StreamAlsa::pause() {
+    usleep(1000);
+    return ::android::OK;
+}
+
 ::android::status_t StreamAlsa::standby() {
     mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
     return ::android::OK;
@@ -45,27 +61,21 @@
 ::android::status_t StreamAlsa::start() {
     decltype(mAlsaDeviceProxies) alsaDeviceProxies;
     for (const auto& device : getDeviceProfiles()) {
-        auto profile = alsa::readAlsaDeviceInfo(device);
-        if (!profile.has_value()) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": unable to read device info, device address=" << device;
-            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        alsa::DeviceProxy proxy;
+        if (device.isExternal) {
+            // Always ask alsa configure as required since the configuration should be supported
+            // by the connected device. That is guaranteed by `setAudioPortConfig` and
+            // `setAudioPatch`.
+            proxy = alsa::openProxyForExternalDevice(
+                    device, const_cast<struct pcm_config*>(&mConfig.value()),
+                    true /*require_exact_match*/);
+        } else {
+            proxy = alsa::openProxyForAttachedDevice(
+                    device, const_cast<struct pcm_config*>(&mConfig.value()),
+                    getContext().getBufferSizeInFrames());
         }
-
-        auto proxy = alsa::makeDeviceProxy();
-        // Always ask for alsa configure as required since the configuration should be supported
-        // by the connected device. That is guaranteed by `setAudioPortConfig` and `setAudioPatch`.
-        if (int err = proxy_prepare(proxy.get(), &profile.value(),
-                                    const_cast<struct pcm_config*>(&mConfig.value()),
-                                    true /*require_exact_match*/);
-            err != 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << device
-                       << " error=" << err;
-            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-        }
-        if (int err = proxy_open(proxy.get()); err != 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open device, address=" << device
-                       << " error=" << err;
-            return ::android::UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        if (!proxy) {
+            return ::android::NO_INIT;
         }
         alsaDeviceProxies.push_back(std::move(proxy));
     }
@@ -83,11 +93,12 @@
             return ::android::NO_INIT;
         }
         // For input case, only support single device.
-        proxy_read(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer);
+        proxy_read_with_retries(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer,
+                                mReadWriteRetries);
         maxLatency = proxy_get_latency(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get());
     } else {
         for (auto& proxy : mAlsaDeviceProxies) {
-            proxy_write(proxy.get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer);
+            proxy_write_with_retries(proxy.get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer, mReadWriteRetries);
             maxLatency = std::max(maxLatency, proxy_get_latency(proxy.get()));
         }
     }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp
index 162f852..20f7797 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.cpp
@@ -217,7 +217,8 @@
     }
     return DeviceProfile{.card = alsaAddress[0],
                          .device = alsaAddress[1],
-                         .direction = isInput ? PCM_IN : PCM_OUT};
+                         .direction = isInput ? PCM_IN : PCM_OUT,
+                         .isExternal = !audioDevice.type.connection.empty()};
 }
 
 std::optional<DeviceProfile> getDeviceProfile(
@@ -269,6 +270,57 @@
     });
 }
 
+DeviceProxy openProxyForAttachedDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, size_t bufferFrameCount) {
+    if (deviceProfile.isExternal) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": called for an external device, address=" << deviceProfile;
+    }
+    alsa_device_profile profile;
+    profile_init(&profile, deviceProfile.direction);
+    profile.card = deviceProfile.card;
+    profile.device = deviceProfile.device;
+    if (!profile_fill_builtin_device_info(&profile, pcmConfig, bufferFrameCount)) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": failed to init for built-in device, address=" << deviceProfile;
+    }
+    auto proxy = makeDeviceProxy();
+    if (int err = proxy_prepare_from_default_config(proxy.get(), &profile); err != 0) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (int err = proxy_open(proxy.get()); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open device, address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return proxy;
+}
+
+DeviceProxy openProxyForExternalDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, bool requireExactMatch) {
+    if (!deviceProfile.isExternal) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << __func__ << ": called for an attached device, address=" << deviceProfile;
+    }
+    auto profile = readAlsaDeviceInfo(deviceProfile);
+    if (!profile.has_value()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": unable to read device info, device address=" << deviceProfile;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    auto proxy = makeDeviceProxy();
+    if (int err = proxy_prepare(proxy.get(), &profile.value(), pcmConfig, requireExactMatch);
+        err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": fail to prepare for device address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (int err = proxy_open(proxy.get()); err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open device, address=" << deviceProfile
+                   << " error=" << err;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return proxy;
+}
+
 std::optional<alsa_device_profile> readAlsaDeviceInfo(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile) {
     alsa_device_profile profile;
     profile_init(&profile, deviceProfile.direction);
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
index c1b9b38..615e657 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     int card;
     int device;
     int direction; /* PCM_OUT or PCM_IN */
+    bool isExternal;
 };
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const DeviceProfile& device);
 using DeviceProxyDeleter = std::function<void(alsa_device_proxy*)>;
@@ -60,6 +61,10 @@
 std::optional<struct pcm_config> getPcmConfig(const StreamContext& context, bool isInput);
 std::vector<int> getSampleRatesFromProfile(const alsa_device_profile* profile);
 DeviceProxy makeDeviceProxy();
+DeviceProxy openProxyForAttachedDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, size_t bufferFrameCount);
+DeviceProxy openProxyForExternalDevice(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile,
+                                       struct pcm_config* pcmConfig, bool requireExactMatch);
 std::optional<alsa_device_profile> readAlsaDeviceInfo(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile);
 
 ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
index 294cc0e..539221d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@
     // The following virtual functions are intended for vendor extension via inheritance.
 
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) = 0;
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) = 0;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h
index bc808ab..6264237 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModulePrimary.h
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getTelephony(std::shared_ptr<ITelephony>* _aidl_return) override;
 
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h
index ccfcdd9..e87be3d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleRemoteSubmix.h
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
 
     // Module interfaces
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h
index 59c343f..4f77161 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleStub.h
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getBluetoothLe(std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothLe>* _aidl_return) override;
 
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
index e6b3e66..a296b8c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/ModuleUsb.h
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
 
     // Module interfaces
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createInputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createOutputStream(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo,
             std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) override;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
index e64c578..355d3b4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <system/thread_defs.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
+#include "core-impl/ChildInterface.h"
 #include "core-impl/utils.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
@@ -132,6 +133,7 @@
 
     void fillDescriptor(StreamDescriptor* desc);
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> getAsyncCallback() const { return mAsyncCallback; }
+    size_t getBufferSizeInFrames() const;
     ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout getChannelLayout() const {
         return mChannelLayout;
     }
@@ -409,16 +411,17 @@
 };
 
 // The implementation of DriverInterface must be provided by each concrete stream implementation.
+// Note that StreamCommonImpl does not own the context. This is to support swapping on the fly
+// implementations of the stream while keeping the same IStreamIn/Out instance. It's that instance
+// who must be owner of the context.
 class StreamCommonImpl : virtual public StreamCommonInterface, virtual public DriverInterface {
   public:
-    StreamCommonImpl(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context,
+    StreamCommonImpl(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata,
                      const StreamWorkerInterface::CreateInstance& createWorker)
-        : mMetadata(metadata),
-          mContext(std::move(context)),
-          mWorker(createWorker(mContext, this)) {}
-    StreamCommonImpl(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
+        : mContext(context), mMetadata(metadata), mWorker(createWorker(mContext, this)) {}
+    StreamCommonImpl(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata)
         : StreamCommonImpl(
-                  metadata, std::move(context),
+                  context, metadata,
                   isInput(metadata) ? getDefaultInWorkerCreator() : getDefaultOutWorkerCreator()) {}
     ~StreamCommonImpl();
 
@@ -460,13 +463,13 @@
         };
     }
 
+    virtual void onClose() = 0;
     void stopWorker();
 
+    const StreamContext& mContext;
     Metadata mMetadata;
-    StreamContext mContext;
     std::unique_ptr<StreamWorkerInterface> mWorker;
-    std::shared_ptr<StreamCommonDelegator> mCommon;
-    ndk::SpAIBinder mCommonBinder;
+    ChildInterface<StreamCommonDelegator> mCommon;
     ConnectedDevices mConnectedDevices;
 };
 
@@ -474,6 +477,8 @@
 // concrete input/output stream implementations.
 class StreamIn : virtual public StreamCommonInterface, public BnStreamIn {
   protected:
+    void defaultOnClose();
+
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamCommon(std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) override {
         return getStreamCommonCommon(_aidl_return);
     }
@@ -493,14 +498,17 @@
 
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
 
-    explicit StreamIn(
-            const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
+    StreamIn(StreamContext&& context,
+             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
 
+    StreamContext mContext;
     const std::map<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice, std::string> mMicrophones;
 };
 
 class StreamOut : virtual public StreamCommonInterface, public BnStreamOut {
   protected:
+    void defaultOnClose();
+
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getStreamCommon(std::shared_ptr<IStreamCommon>* _aidl_return) override {
         return getStreamCommonCommon(_aidl_return);
     }
@@ -534,10 +542,12 @@
 
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
 
-    explicit StreamOut(const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
-                               offloadInfo);
+    StreamOut(StreamContext&& context,
+              const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
+                      offloadInfo);
 
-    std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo> mOffloadInfo;
+    StreamContext mContext;
+    const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo> mOffloadInfo;
     std::optional<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::AudioOffloadMetadata> mOffloadMetadata;
 };
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
index 5744d66..90d2e36 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
@@ -31,9 +31,12 @@
 // provide necessary overrides for all interface methods omitted here.
 class StreamAlsa : public StreamCommonImpl {
   public:
-    StreamAlsa(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamAlsa(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata, int readWriteRetries);
     // Methods of 'DriverInterface'.
     ::android::status_t init() override;
+    ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
+    ::android::status_t flush() override;
+    ::android::status_t pause() override;
     ::android::status_t standby() override;
     ::android::status_t start() override;
     ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
@@ -48,6 +51,7 @@
     const size_t mFrameSizeBytes;
     const bool mIsInput;
     const std::optional<struct pcm_config> mConfig;
+    const int mReadWriteRetries;
     // All fields below are only used on the worker thread.
     std::vector<alsa::DeviceProxy> mAlsaDeviceProxies;
 };
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h
index 1bca910..4c984af 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamRemoteSubmix.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 
 class StreamRemoteSubmix : public StreamCommonImpl {
   public:
-    StreamRemoteSubmix(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamRemoteSubmix(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata);
 
     ::android::status_t init() override;
     ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
@@ -72,28 +72,32 @@
     static constexpr int kReadAttemptSleepUs = 5000;
 };
 
-class StreamInRemoteSubmix final : public StreamRemoteSubmix, public StreamIn {
+class StreamInRemoteSubmix final : public StreamIn, public StreamRemoteSubmix {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamInRemoteSubmix(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
 
   private:
+    void onClose() override { defaultOnClose(); }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getActiveMicrophones(
             std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return)
             override;
 };
 
-class StreamOutRemoteSubmix final : public StreamRemoteSubmix, public StreamOut {
+class StreamOutRemoteSubmix final : public StreamOut, public StreamRemoteSubmix {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamOutRemoteSubmix(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
             const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                     offloadInfo);
+
+  private:
+    void onClose() override { defaultOnClose(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
index 6b1b2dd..2a92deb 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamStub.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 class StreamStub : public StreamCommonImpl {
   public:
-    StreamStub(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamStub(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata);
     // Methods of 'DriverInterface'.
     ::android::status_t init() override;
     ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
@@ -43,22 +43,28 @@
     bool mIsStandby = true;       // Used for validating the state machine logic.
 };
 
-class StreamInStub final : public StreamStub, public StreamIn {
+class StreamInStub final : public StreamIn, public StreamStub {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamInStub(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
+
+  private:
+    void onClose() override { defaultOnClose(); }
 };
 
-class StreamOutStub final : public StreamStub, public StreamOut {
+class StreamOutStub final : public StreamOut, public StreamStub {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
-    StreamOutStub(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                  StreamContext&& context,
+    StreamOutStub(StreamContext&& context,
+                  const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                   const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                           offloadInfo);
+
+  private:
+    void onClose() override { defaultOnClose(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
index 44f742a..7dc7296 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamUsb.h
@@ -28,11 +28,8 @@
 
 class StreamUsb : public StreamAlsa {
   public:
-    StreamUsb(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context);
+    StreamUsb(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata);
     // Methods of 'DriverInterface'.
-    ::android::status_t drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) override;
-    ::android::status_t flush() override;
-    ::android::status_t pause() override;
     ::android::status_t transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
                                  int32_t* latencyMs) override;
 
@@ -47,29 +44,31 @@
     std::atomic<bool> mConnectedDevicesUpdated = false;
 };
 
-class StreamInUsb final : public StreamUsb, public StreamIn {
+class StreamInUsb final : public StreamIn, public StreamUsb {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
     StreamInUsb(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             StreamContext&& context,
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
             const std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneInfo>& microphones);
 
   private:
+    void onClose() override { defaultOnClose(); }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getActiveMicrophones(
             std::vector<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return)
             override;
 };
 
-class StreamOutUsb final : public StreamUsb, public StreamOut {
+class StreamOutUsb final : public StreamOut, public StreamUsb {
   public:
     friend class ndk::SharedRefBase;
-    StreamOutUsb(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                 StreamContext&& context,
+    StreamOutUsb(StreamContext&& context,
+                 const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                  const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                          offloadInfo);
 
   private:
+    void onClose() override { defaultOnClose(); }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus getHwVolume(std::vector<float>* _aidl_return) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setHwVolume(const std::vector<float>& in_channelVolumes) override;
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
index 2b79f51..9be7837 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
@@ -56,16 +56,16 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleRemoteSubmix::createInputStream(
-        const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+        StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
         const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones, std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInRemoteSubmix>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInRemoteSubmix>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
                                                       microphones);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleRemoteSubmix::createOutputStream(
-        const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+        StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
         const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutRemoteSubmix>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutRemoteSubmix>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                                        offloadInfo);
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp
index 6d5185b..53d4aa6 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/StreamRemoteSubmix.cpp
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamRemoteSubmix::StreamRemoteSubmix(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamCommonImpl(metadata, std::move(context)),
+StreamRemoteSubmix::StreamRemoteSubmix(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata)
+    : StreamCommonImpl(context, metadata),
       mPortId(context.getPortId()),
       mIsInput(isInput(metadata)) {
     mStreamConfig.frameSize = context.getFrameSize();
@@ -353,10 +353,11 @@
     return ::android::OK;
 }
 
-StreamInRemoteSubmix::StreamInRemoteSubmix(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                           StreamContext&& context,
+StreamInRemoteSubmix::StreamInRemoteSubmix(StreamContext&& context,
+                                           const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                            const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : StreamRemoteSubmix(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamIn(microphones) {}
+    : StreamIn(std::move(context), microphones),
+      StreamRemoteSubmix(StreamIn::mContext, sinkMetadata) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInRemoteSubmix::getActiveMicrophones(
         std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return) {
@@ -365,9 +366,10 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-StreamOutRemoteSubmix::StreamOutRemoteSubmix(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                                             StreamContext&& context,
+StreamOutRemoteSubmix::StreamOutRemoteSubmix(StreamContext&& context,
+                                             const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                                              const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : StreamRemoteSubmix(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamOut(offloadInfo) {}
+    : StreamOut(std::move(context), offloadInfo),
+      StreamRemoteSubmix(StreamOut::mContext, sourceMetadata) {}
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp
index a600752..5e4cd88 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/stub/ModuleStub.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
         mBluetooth = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Bluetooth>();
     }
     *_aidl_return = mBluetooth.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetooth: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__
+               << ": returning instance of IBluetooth: " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -47,7 +48,8 @@
         mBluetoothA2dp = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothA2dp>();
     }
     *_aidl_return = mBluetoothA2dp.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetoothA2dp: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetoothA2dp: "
+               << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -56,22 +58,23 @@
         mBluetoothLe = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothLe>();
     }
     *_aidl_return = mBluetoothLe.getPtr();
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": returning instance of IBluetoothLe: " << _aidl_return->get();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__
+               << ": returning instance of IBluetoothLe: " << _aidl_return->get()->asBinder().get();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::createInputStream(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                                 StreamContext&& context,
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::createInputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                 const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                                  const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
                                                  std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInStub>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
                                               microphones);
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleStub::createOutputStream(
-        const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+        StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
         const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutStub>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                                offloadInfo);
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp
index 2dcf4d4..e916fea 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/stub/StreamStub.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamStub::StreamStub(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamCommonImpl(metadata, std::move(context)),
+StreamStub::StreamStub(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata)
+    : StreamCommonImpl(context, metadata),
       mFrameSizeBytes(getContext().getFrameSize()),
       mSampleRate(getContext().getSampleRate()),
       mIsAsynchronous(!!getContext().getAsyncCallback()),
@@ -118,12 +118,12 @@
     mIsInitialized = false;
 }
 
-StreamInStub::StreamInStub(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamInStub::StreamInStub(StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                            const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : StreamStub(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamIn(microphones) {}
+    : StreamIn(std::move(context), microphones), StreamStub(StreamIn::mContext, sinkMetadata) {}
 
-StreamOutStub::StreamOutStub(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamOutStub::StreamOutStub(StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                              const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : StreamStub(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamOut(offloadInfo) {}
+    : StreamOut(std::move(context), offloadInfo), StreamStub(StreamOut::mContext, sourceMetadata) {}
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
index a812e4d..f926e09 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/ModuleUsb.cpp
@@ -68,22 +68,22 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createInputStream(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
-                                                StreamContext&& context,
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createInputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                                                 const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones,
                                                 std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamInUsb>(result, sinkMetadata, std::move(context), microphones);
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamInUsb>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata, microphones);
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createOutputStream(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
-                                                 StreamContext&& context,
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleUsb::createOutputStream(StreamContext&& context,
+                                                 const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                                                  const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo,
                                                  std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
     if (offloadInfo.has_value()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": offload is not supported";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutUsb>(result, sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+    return createStreamInstance<StreamOutUsb>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                               offloadInfo);
 }
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
index da0ad11..def12e0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/StreamUsb.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamUsb::StreamUsb(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext&& context)
-    : StreamAlsa(metadata, std::move(context)) {}
+StreamUsb::StreamUsb(const StreamContext& context, const Metadata& metadata)
+    : StreamAlsa(context, metadata, 1 /*readWriteRetries*/) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamUsb::setConnectedDevices(
         const std::vector<AudioDevice>& connectedDevices) {
@@ -55,28 +55,13 @@
         }
         connectedDeviceProfiles.push_back(*profile);
     }
-    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(StreamCommonImpl::setConnectedDevices(connectedDevices));
+    RETURN_STATUS_IF_ERROR(setConnectedDevices(connectedDevices));
     std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
     mConnectedDeviceProfiles = std::move(connectedDeviceProfiles);
     mConnectedDevicesUpdated.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::drain(StreamDescriptor::DrainMode) {
-    usleep(1000);
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::flush() {
-    usleep(1000);
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
-::android::status_t StreamUsb::pause() {
-    usleep(1000);
-    return ::android::OK;
-}
-
 ::android::status_t StreamUsb::transfer(void* buffer, size_t frameCount, size_t* actualFrameCount,
                                         int32_t* latencyMs) {
     if (mConnectedDevicesUpdated.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
@@ -98,9 +83,9 @@
     return connectedDevices;
 }
 
-StreamInUsb::StreamInUsb(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamInUsb::StreamInUsb(StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
                          const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones)
-    : StreamUsb(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)), StreamIn(microphones) {}
+    : StreamIn(std::move(context), microphones), StreamUsb(StreamIn::mContext, sinkMetadata) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamInUsb::getActiveMicrophones(
         std::vector<MicrophoneDynamicInfo>* _aidl_return __unused) {
@@ -108,10 +93,10 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
 }
 
-StreamOutUsb::StreamOutUsb(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext&& context,
+StreamOutUsb::StreamOutUsb(StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
                            const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : StreamUsb(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)),
-      StreamOut(offloadInfo),
+    : StreamOut(std::move(context), offloadInfo),
+      StreamUsb(StreamOut::mContext, sourceMetadata),
       mChannelCount(getChannelCount(getContext().getChannelLayout())) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOutUsb::getHwVolume(std::vector<float>* _aidl_return) {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp
index 769d739..0a49446 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/usb/UsbAlsaMixerControl.cpp
@@ -33,12 +33,10 @@
                                                    bool connected) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": card=" << card << ", connected=" << connected;
     if (connected) {
-        struct mixer* mixer = mixer_open(card);
-        if (mixer == nullptr) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to open mixer for card=" << card;
+        auto alsaMixer = std::make_shared<alsa::Mixer>(card);
+        if (!alsaMixer->isValid()) {
             return;
         }
-        auto alsaMixer = std::make_shared<alsa::Mixer>(mixer);
         alsaMixer->setMasterMute(masterMuted);
         alsaMixer->setMasterVolume(masterVolume);
         const std::lock_guard guard(mLock);
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp
index 9757287..9f9ca96 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/FakeFingerprintEngine.cpp
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
         cb->onAuthenticationFailed();
         mLockoutTracker.addFailedAttempt();
         checkSensorLockout(cb);
-        return true;
+        return false;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp
index e7e8a47..bc235a6 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/default/tests/FakeFingerprintEngineTest.cpp
@@ -269,6 +269,7 @@
     mEngine.authenticateImpl(mCallback.get(), 0, mCancel.get_future());
     mEngine.fingerDownAction();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mCallback->mAuthenticateFailed);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mEngine.getWorkMode(), FakeFingerprintEngine::WorkMode::kAuthenticate);
 }
 
 TEST_F(FakeFingerprintEngineTest, AuthenticateLockout) {
diff --git a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
index c0c475a..4d097c1 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
@@ -421,20 +421,26 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::isConfigFlagSet(ConfigFlag flag, [[maybe_unused]] bool* returnIsSet) {
+ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::isConfigFlagSet(ConfigFlag flag, bool* returnIsSet) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": flag = " << toString(flag);
 
-    LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": getting ConfigFlag is not supported";
-    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
-            resultToInt(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED), "getting ConfigFlag is not supported");
+    int flagBit = static_cast<int>(flag);
+    lock_guard<mutex> lk(mMutex);
+    *returnIsSet = ((mConfigFlagValues >> flagBit) & 1) == 1;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::setConfigFlag(ConfigFlag flag, bool value) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": flag = " << toString(flag) << ", value = " << value;
 
-    LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": setting ConfigFlag is not supported";
-    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
-            resultToInt(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED), "setting ConfigFlag is not supported");
+    int flagBitMask = 1 << (static_cast<int>(flag));
+    lock_guard<mutex> lk(mMutex);
+    if (value) {
+        mConfigFlagValues |= flagBitMask;
+    } else {
+        mConfigFlagValues &= ~flagBitMask;
+    }
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus BroadcastRadio::setParameters(
diff --git a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h
index 1c85ddc..092776f 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h
+++ b/broadcastradio/aidl/default/BroadcastRadio.h
@@ -75,6 +75,9 @@
     ProgramSelector mCurrentProgram GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = {};
     std::shared_ptr<ITunerCallback> mCallback GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
 
+    // Bitmap for all ConfigFlag values
+    int mConfigFlagValues GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
+
     std::optional<AmFmBandRange> getAmFmRangeLocked() const;
     void cancelLocked();
     ProgramInfo tuneInternalLocked(const ProgramSelector& sel);
diff --git a/camera/device/default/Android.bp b/camera/device/default/Android.bp
index b577597..b9f10d6 100644
--- a/camera/device/default/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/device/default/Android.bp
@@ -25,7 +25,10 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "camera.device-external-impl",
-    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    defaults: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-ndk_shared",
+        "hidl_defaults",
+    ],
     proprietary: true,
     srcs: [
         "ExternalCameraDevice.cpp",
@@ -38,7 +41,6 @@
         "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.camera.device-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V4-ndk",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl
index ea54a89..0bd72a3 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ClientTargetPropertyWithBrightness.aidl
@@ -39,14 +39,12 @@
     /**
      * The stage in which dimming operations should be performed when compositing
      * the client target.
+     *
      * Note that with a COLORIMETRIC RenderIntent, DimmingSpace must be LINEAR. That is, dimming
-     * is defined to occur in linear space.
-     * However, some composer implementations may, with other vendor-defined RenderIntents,
-     * configure their hardware such as image quality adjustments is intended to occur after
-     * composition. In this scenario, if the dimming operation were applied in linear space,
-     * then the resulting dimming operation may comepl those image quality adjustments to
-     * incorrectly alter the gamma curve. To avoid this issue, those implementations must opt to
-     * dim in gamma space.
+     * is defined to occur in linear space. However, some composer implementations may, with
+     * other vendor-defined RenderIntents, apply certain image quality adjustments that are
+     * sensitive to gamma shift when dimming in linear space. To avoid this issue, those
+     * implementations must opt to dim in gamma space.
      */
     DimmingStage dimmingStage;
 }
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index cc1d284..0000000
--- a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-package {
-    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
-    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
-    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
-    // to get the below license kinds:
-    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
-    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest",
-    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
-    srcs: ["VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp"],
-    static_libs: ["android.hardware.weaver@1.0"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
-}
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 66465a9..0000000
--- a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalWeaverV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <android/hardware/weaver/1.0/IWeaver.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
-#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-
-#include <limits>
-
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::IWeaver;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverConfig;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadStatus;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadResponse;
-using ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverStatus;
-using ::android::hardware::Return;
-using ::android::sp;
-
-const std::vector<uint8_t> KEY{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> WRONG_KEY{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
-
-struct WeaverHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
-    virtual void SetUp() override {
-        weaver = IWeaver::getService(GetParam());
-        ASSERT_NE(weaver, nullptr);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() override {}
-
-    sp<IWeaver> weaver;
-};
-
-/*
- * Checks config values are suitably large
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, GetConfig) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    EXPECT_GE(config.slots, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.keySize, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.valueSize, 16u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the config twice and checks they are the same
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, GettingConfigMultipleTimesGivesSameResult) {
-    WeaverConfig config1;
-    WeaverConfig config2;
-
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        config1 = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    callbackCalled = false;
-    ret = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        config2 = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(config1, config2);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the number of slots from the config and writes a key and value to the last one
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteToLastSlot) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    const uint32_t lastSlot = config.slots - 1;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(lastSlot, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::OK);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with the same key and receives the value that was previously written
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadGivesTheSameValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(ret, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        readValue = r.value;
-        timeout = r.timeout;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Overwrites the slot with a new key and value
- * Reads the slot with the new key and receives the new value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, OverwritingSlotUpdatesTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto initialWriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, WRONG_KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(initialWriteRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(initialWriteRet, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    const auto overwriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, OTHER_VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(overwriteRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(overwriteRet, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-        callbackCalled = true;
-        status = s;
-        readValue = r.value;
-        timeout = r.timeout;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, OTHER_VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with a different key so does not receive the value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadWithWrongKeyDoesNotGiveTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(ret, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, WRONG_KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-            callbackCalled = true;
-            status = s;
-            readValue = r.value;
-        });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing to an invalid slot fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WritingToInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(config.slots, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading from an invalid slot fails rather than incorrect key
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, ReadingFromInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus readStatus;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(config.slots, KEY, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-            callbackCalled = true;
-            readStatus = s;
-            readValue = r.value;
-            timeout = r.timeout;
-        });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(readStatus, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a key that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, bigKey, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a value that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeValueFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigValue(config.valueSize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, bigValue);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(writeRet, WeaverStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading with a key that is loo large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverHidlTest, ReadWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverStatus status;
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig([&](WeaverStatus s, WeaverConfig c) {
-        status = s;
-        config = c;
-    });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(status, WeaverStatus::OK);
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    bool callbackCalled = false;
-    WeaverReadStatus readStatus;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, bigKey, [&](WeaverReadStatus s, WeaverReadResponse r) {
-            callbackCalled = true;
-            readStatus = s;
-            readValue = r.value;
-            timeout = r.timeout;
-        });
-    ASSERT_TRUE(callbackCalled);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    ASSERT_EQ(readStatus, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-}
-
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WeaverHidlTest);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        PerInstance, WeaverHidlTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IWeaver::descriptor)),
-        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
diff --git a/weaver/aidl/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp b/weaver/aidl/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f016515..0000000
--- a/weaver/aidl/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,287 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
-#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/weaver/IWeaver.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
-#include <android/binder_process.h>
-
-#include <limits>
-
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::IWeaver;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverConfig;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadResponse;
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadStatus;
-
-using ::ndk::SpAIBinder;
-
-const std::vector<uint8_t> KEY{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> WRONG_KEY{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
-const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
-
-struct WeaverAidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
-    virtual void SetUp() override {
-        weaver = IWeaver::fromBinder(
-            SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str())));
-        ASSERT_NE(weaver, nullptr);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() override {}
-
-    std::shared_ptr<IWeaver> weaver;
-};
-
-/*
- * Checks config values are suitably large
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, GetConfig) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    EXPECT_GE(config.slots, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.keySize, 16u);
-    EXPECT_GE(config.valueSize, 16u);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the config twice and checks they are the same
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, GettingConfigMultipleTimesGivesSameResult) {
-    WeaverConfig config1;
-    WeaverConfig config2;
-
-    auto ret = weaver->getConfig(&config1);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    ret = weaver->getConfig(&config2);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(config1, config2);
-}
-
-/*
- * Gets the number of slots from the config and writes a key and value to the last one
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteToLastSlot) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    const uint32_t lastSlot = config.slots - 1;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(lastSlot, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with the same key and receives the value that was previously written
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadGivesTheSameValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Overwrites the slot with a new key and value
- * Reads the slot with the new key and receives the new value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, OverwritingSlotUpdatesTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto initialWriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, WRONG_KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(initialWriteRet.isOk());
-
-    const auto overwriteRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, OTHER_VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(overwriteRet.isOk());
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet = weaver->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(readValue, OTHER_VALUE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writes a key and value to a slot
- * Reads the slot with a different key so does not receive the value
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteFollowedByReadWithWrongKeyDoesNotGiveTheValue) {
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto ret = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, WRONG_KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing to an invalid slot fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WritingToInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(config.slots, KEY, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading from an invalid slot fails rather than incorrect key
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, ReadingFromInvalidSlotFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    if (config.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
-        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
-        return;
-    }
-
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(config.slots, KEY, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a key that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, bigKey, VALUE);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Writing a value that is too large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, WriteWithTooLargeValueFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigValue(config.valueSize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    const auto writeRet = weaver->write(slotId, KEY, bigValue);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
-}
-
-/*
- * Reading with a key that is loo large fails
- */
-TEST_P(WeaverAidlTest, ReadWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
-    WeaverConfig config;
-    const auto configRet = weaver->getConfig(&config);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(configRet.isOk());
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config.keySize + 1);
-
-    constexpr uint32_t slotId = 0;
-    WeaverReadResponse response;
-    std::vector<uint8_t> readValue;
-    uint32_t timeout;
-    WeaverReadStatus status;
-    const auto readRet =
-        weaver->read(slotId, bigKey, &response);
-
-    readValue = response.value;
-    timeout = response.timeout;
-    status = response.status;
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(readValue.empty());
-    EXPECT_EQ(timeout, 0u);
-    EXPECT_EQ(status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
-}
-
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WeaverAidlTest);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        PerInstance, WeaverAidlTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWeaver::descriptor)),
-        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
-    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
-    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-}
diff --git a/weaver/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/weaver/vts/Android.bp
similarity index 92%
rename from weaver/aidl/vts/Android.bp
rename to weaver/vts/Android.bp
index 557fe47..ee03b28 100644
--- a/weaver/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/weaver/vts/Android.bp
@@ -34,7 +34,10 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libbase",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["android.hardware.weaver-V2-ndk"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.weaver-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.weaver@1.0",
+    ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
         "vts",
diff --git a/weaver/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp b/weaver/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ee6d93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weaver/vts/VtsHalWeaverTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,425 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/weaver/IWeaver.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <android/hardware/weaver/1.0/IWeaver.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+
+#include <limits>
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::IWeaver;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverConfig;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadResponse;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::weaver::WeaverReadStatus;
+
+using HidlIWeaver = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::IWeaver;
+using HidlWeaverConfig = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverConfig;
+using HidlWeaverReadStatus = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadStatus;
+using HidlWeaverReadResponse = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverReadResponse;
+using HidlWeaverStatus = ::android::hardware::weaver::V1_0::WeaverStatus;
+
+const std::string kSlotMapFile = "/metadata/password_slots/slot_map";
+const std::vector<uint8_t> KEY{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
+const std::vector<uint8_t> WRONG_KEY{0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+const std::vector<uint8_t> VALUE{16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
+const std::vector<uint8_t> OTHER_VALUE{0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 255, 255};
+
+class WeaverAdapter {
+  public:
+    virtual ~WeaverAdapter() {}
+    virtual bool isReady() = 0;
+    virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(WeaverConfig* _aidl_return) = 0;
+    virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus read(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                                      WeaverReadResponse* _aidl_return) = 0;
+    virtual ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                                       const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_value) = 0;
+};
+
+class WeaverAidlAdapter : public WeaverAdapter {
+  public:
+    WeaverAidlAdapter(const std::string& param)
+        : aidl_weaver_(IWeaver::fromBinder(
+                  ::ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(param.c_str())))) {}
+    ~WeaverAidlAdapter() {}
+
+    bool isReady() { return aidl_weaver_ != nullptr; }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(WeaverConfig* _aidl_return) {
+        return aidl_weaver_->getConfig(_aidl_return);
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus read(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                              WeaverReadResponse* _aidl_return) {
+        return aidl_weaver_->read(in_slotId, in_key, _aidl_return);
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                               const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_value) {
+        return aidl_weaver_->write(in_slotId, in_key, in_value);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::shared_ptr<IWeaver> aidl_weaver_;
+};
+
+class WeaverHidlAdapter : public WeaverAdapter {
+  public:
+    WeaverHidlAdapter(const std::string& param) : hidl_weaver_(HidlIWeaver::getService(param)) {}
+    ~WeaverHidlAdapter() {}
+
+    bool isReady() { return hidl_weaver_ != nullptr; }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getConfig(WeaverConfig* _aidl_return) {
+        bool callbackCalled = false;
+        HidlWeaverStatus status;
+        HidlWeaverConfig config;
+        auto ret = hidl_weaver_->getConfig([&](HidlWeaverStatus s, HidlWeaverConfig c) {
+            callbackCalled = true;
+            status = s;
+            config = c;
+        });
+        if (!ret.isOk() || !callbackCalled || status != HidlWeaverStatus::OK) {
+            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+        }
+        _aidl_return->slots = config.slots;
+        _aidl_return->keySize = config.keySize;
+        _aidl_return->valueSize = config.valueSize;
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus read(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                              WeaverReadResponse* _aidl_return) {
+        bool callbackCalled = false;
+        HidlWeaverReadStatus status;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> value;
+        uint32_t timeout;
+        auto ret = hidl_weaver_->read(in_slotId, in_key,
+                                      [&](HidlWeaverReadStatus s, HidlWeaverReadResponse r) {
+                                          callbackCalled = true;
+                                          status = s;
+                                          value = r.value;
+                                          timeout = r.timeout;
+                                      });
+        if (!ret.isOk() || !callbackCalled) {
+            return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+        }
+        switch (status) {
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::OK:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::OK;
+                break;
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::FAILED:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::FAILED;
+                break;
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY;
+                break;
+            case HidlWeaverReadStatus::THROTTLE:
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::THROTTLE;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Unknown HIDL read status: " << static_cast<uint32_t>(status);
+                _aidl_return->status = WeaverReadStatus::FAILED;
+                break;
+        }
+        _aidl_return->value = value;
+        _aidl_return->timeout = timeout;
+        return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus write(int32_t in_slotId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_key,
+                               const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_value) {
+        auto status = hidl_weaver_->write(in_slotId, in_key, in_value);
+        switch (status) {
+            case HidlWeaverStatus::OK:
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+            case HidlWeaverStatus::FAILED:
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Unknown HIDL write status: " << status.description();
+                return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
+    android::sp<HidlIWeaver> hidl_weaver_;
+};
+
+class WeaverTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override;
+    void TearDown() override {}
+    void FindFreeSlots();
+
+    std::unique_ptr<WeaverAdapter> weaver_;
+    WeaverConfig config_;
+    uint32_t first_free_slot_;
+    uint32_t last_free_slot_;
+};
+
+void WeaverTest::SetUp() {
+    std::string api, instance_name;
+    std::tie(api, instance_name) = GetParam();
+    if (api == "hidl") {
+        weaver_.reset(new WeaverHidlAdapter(instance_name));
+    } else if (api == "aidl") {
+        weaver_.reset(new WeaverAidlAdapter(instance_name));
+    } else {
+        FAIL() << "Bad test parameterization";
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(weaver_->isReady());
+
+    auto ret = weaver_->getConfig(&config_);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+    ASSERT_GT(config_.slots, 0);
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "WeaverConfig: slots=" << config_.slots << ", keySize=" << config_.keySize
+                     << ", valueSize=" << config_.valueSize;
+
+    FindFreeSlots();
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "First free slot is " << first_free_slot_ << ", last free slot is "
+                     << last_free_slot_;
+}
+
+void WeaverTest::FindFreeSlots() {
+    // Determine which Weaver slots are in use by the system. These slots can't be used by the test.
+    std::set<uint32_t> used_slots;
+    if (access(kSlotMapFile.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
+        std::string contents;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(kSlotMapFile, &contents))
+                << "Failed to read " << kSlotMapFile;
+        for (const auto& line : android::base::Split(contents, "\n")) {
+            auto trimmed_line = android::base::Trim(line);
+            if (trimmed_line[0] == '#' || trimmed_line[0] == '\0') continue;
+            auto slot_and_user = android::base::Split(trimmed_line, "=");
+            uint32_t slot;
+            ASSERT_TRUE(slot_and_user.size() == 2 &&
+                        android::base::ParseUint(slot_and_user[0], &slot))
+                    << "Error parsing " << kSlotMapFile << " at \"" << line << "\"";
+            GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Slot " << slot << " is in use by " << slot_and_user[1];
+            ASSERT_LT(slot, config_.slots);
+            used_slots.insert(slot);
+        }
+    }
+    // Starting in Android 14, the system will always use at least one Weaver slot if Weaver is
+    // supported at all.  Make sure we saw at least one.
+    // TODO: uncomment after Android 14 is merged into AOSP
+    // ASSERT_FALSE(used_slots.empty())
+    //<< "Could not determine which Weaver slots are in use by the system";
+
+    // Find the first free slot.
+    int found = 0;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < config_.slots; i++) {
+        if (used_slots.find(i) == used_slots.end()) {
+            first_free_slot_ = i;
+            found++;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    // Find the last free slot.
+    for (uint32_t i = config_.slots; i > 0; i--) {
+        if (used_slots.find(i - 1) == used_slots.end()) {
+            last_free_slot_ = i - 1;
+            found++;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(found, 2) << "All Weaver slots are already in use by the system";
+}
+
+/*
+ * Checks config values are suitably large
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, GetConfig) {
+    EXPECT_GE(config_.slots, 16u);
+    EXPECT_GE(config_.keySize, 16u);
+    EXPECT_GE(config_.valueSize, 16u);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets the config twice and checks they are the same
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, GettingConfigMultipleTimesGivesSameResult) {
+    WeaverConfig config2;
+
+    auto ret = weaver_->getConfig(&config2);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(config_, config2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to the last free slot
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteToLastSlot) {
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(last_free_slot_, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to a slot
+ * Reads the slot with the same key and receives the value that was previously written
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteFollowedByReadGivesTheSameValue) {
+    const uint32_t slotId = first_free_slot_;
+    const auto ret = weaver_->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.value, VALUE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to a slot
+ * Overwrites the slot with a new key and value
+ * Reads the slot with the new key and receives the new value
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, OverwritingSlotUpdatesTheValue) {
+    const uint32_t slotId = first_free_slot_;
+    const auto initialWriteRet = weaver_->write(slotId, WRONG_KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(initialWriteRet.isOk());
+
+    const auto overwriteRet = weaver_->write(slotId, KEY, OTHER_VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(overwriteRet.isOk());
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(slotId, KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.value, OTHER_VALUE);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writes a key and value to a slot
+ * Reads the slot with a different key so does not receive the value
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteFollowedByReadWithWrongKeyDoesNotGiveTheValue) {
+    const uint32_t slotId = first_free_slot_;
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(slotId, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writeRet.isOk());
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(slotId, WRONG_KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(response.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::INCORRECT_KEY);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writing to an invalid slot fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WritingToInvalidSlotFails) {
+    if (config_.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(config_.slots, KEY, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reading from an invalid slot fails rather than incorrect key
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, ReadingFromInvalidSlotFails) {
+    if (config_.slots == std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
+        // If there are no invalid slots then pass
+        return;
+    }
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(config_.slots, KEY, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(response.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writing a key that is too large fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config_.keySize + 1);
+
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(first_free_slot_, bigKey, VALUE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Writing a value that is too large fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, WriteWithTooLargeValueFails) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bigValue(config_.valueSize + 1);
+
+    const auto writeRet = weaver_->write(first_free_slot_, KEY, bigValue);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(writeRet.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reading with a key that is too large fails
+ */
+TEST_P(WeaverTest, ReadWithTooLargeKeyFails) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> bigKey(config_.keySize + 1);
+
+    WeaverReadResponse response;
+    const auto readRet = weaver_->read(first_free_slot_, bigKey, &response);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(readRet.isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(response.value.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.timeout, 0u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(response.status, WeaverReadStatus::FAILED);
+}
+
+// Instantiate the test for each HIDL Weaver service.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerHidlInstance, WeaverTest,
+        testing::Combine(testing::Values("hidl"),
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(
+                                 HidlIWeaver::descriptor))),
+        [](const testing::TestParamInfo<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>>& info) {
+            return android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString(
+                    testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>{std::get<1>(info.param), info.index});
+        });
+
+// Instantiate the test for each AIDL Weaver service.
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerAidlInstance, WeaverTest,
+        testing::Combine(testing::Values("aidl"),
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWeaver::descriptor))),
+        [](const testing::TestParamInfo<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>>& info) {
+            // This name_generator makes the instance name be included in the test case names, e.g.
+            // "PerAidlInstance/WeaverTest#GetConfig/0_android_hardware_weaver_IWeaver_default"
+            // instead of "PerAidlInstance/WeaverTest#GetConfig/0".
+            return android::PrintInstanceNameToString(
+                    testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>{std::get<1>(info.param), info.index});
+        });
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}