diff --git a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 95883bf..83ea104 100644
--- a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalDrmV1_2TargetTest",
     defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
+    include_dirs: ["hardware/interfaces/drm/1.0/vts/functional"],
     srcs: [
         "drm_hal_clearkey_module.cpp",
         "drm_hal_common.cpp",
         "drm_hal_test.cpp",
         "vendor_modules.cpp",
     ],
-    include_dirs: ["hardware/interfaces/drm/1.0/vts/functional"],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.drm@1.0",
         "android.hardware.drm@1.1",
@@ -36,5 +36,8 @@
         "libssl",
         "libcrypto_static",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts-core",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.cpp b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.cpp
index bfffbe8..1f439f7 100644
--- a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.cpp
+++ b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "vendor_modules.h"
 #define LOG_TAG "drm_hal_common@1.2"
 
 #include <android/hidl/allocator/1.0/IAllocator.h>
@@ -81,16 +82,19 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
+static DrmHalVTSVendorModule_V1* getModuleForInstance(const std::string& instance) {
+    if (instance == "clearkey" || instance == "default") {
+        return new DrmHalVTSClearkeyModule();
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<DrmHalVTSVendorModule_V1*>(DrmHalTest::gVendorModules->getModule(instance));
+}
+
 /**
  * DrmHalTest
  */
 
-DrmHalTest::DrmHalTest()
-    : vendorModule(GetParam() == "clearkey"
-            ? new DrmHalVTSClearkeyModule()
-            : static_cast<DrmHalVTSVendorModule_V1*>(gVendorModules->getModule(GetParam()))),
-      contentConfigurations(vendorModule->getContentConfigurations()) {
-}
+DrmHalTest::DrmHalTest() : vendorModule(getModuleForInstance(GetParam())) {}
 
 void DrmHalTest::SetUp() {
     const ::testing::TestInfo* const test_info =
@@ -100,22 +104,32 @@
           test_info->test_case_name(), test_info->name(),
           GetParam().c_str());
 
-    string name = vendorModule->getServiceName();
-    drmFactory = VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDrmFactory>(name);
-    if (drmFactory == nullptr) {
-        drmFactory = VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IDrmFactory>();
-    }
-    if (drmFactory != nullptr) {
-        drmPlugin = createDrmPlugin();
+    const string instance = GetParam();
+
+    drmFactory = IDrmFactory::getService(instance);
+    ASSERT_NE(drmFactory, nullptr);
+    drmPlugin = createDrmPlugin();
+
+    cryptoFactory = ICryptoFactory::getService(instance);
+    ASSERT_NE(cryptoFactory, nullptr);
+    cryptoPlugin = createCryptoPlugin();
+
+    if (!vendorModule) {
+        ASSERT_NE(instance, "widevine") << "Widevine requires vendor module.";
+        ASSERT_NE(instance, "clearkey") << "Clearkey requires vendor module.";
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "No vendor module installed";
     }
 
-    cryptoFactory = VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<ICryptoFactory>(name);
-    if (cryptoFactory == nullptr) {
-        cryptoFactory = VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<ICryptoFactory>();
+    if (instance == "clearkey") {
+        // TODO(b/147449315)
+        // Only the clearkey plugged into the "default" instance supports
+        // this test. Currently the "clearkey" instance fails some tests
+        // here.
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Clearkey tests don't work with 'clearkey' instance yet.";
     }
-    if (cryptoFactory != nullptr) {
-        cryptoPlugin = createCryptoPlugin();
-    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(instance, vendorModule->getServiceName());
+    contentConfigurations = vendorModule->getContentConfigurations();
 
     // If drm scheme not installed skip subsequent tests
     if (!drmFactory->isCryptoSchemeSupported(getVendorUUID())) {
@@ -134,12 +148,12 @@
     }
     sp<IDrmPlugin> plugin = nullptr;
     hidl_string packageName("android.hardware.drm.test");
-    auto res = drmFactory->createPlugin(
-            getVendorUUID(), packageName,
-                    [&](StatusV1_0 status, const sp<IDrmPluginV1_0>& pluginV1_0) {
-                EXPECT_EQ(StatusV1_0::OK, status);
-                plugin = IDrmPlugin::castFrom(pluginV1_0);
-            });
+    auto res =
+            drmFactory->createPlugin(getVendorUUID(), packageName,
+                                     [&](StatusV1_0 status, const sp<IDrmPluginV1_0>& pluginV1_0) {
+                                         EXPECT_EQ(StatusV1_0::OK == status, pluginV1_0 != nullptr);
+                                         plugin = IDrmPlugin::castFrom(pluginV1_0);
+                                     });
 
     if (!res.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("createDrmPlugin remote call failed");
@@ -155,8 +169,8 @@
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> initVec;
     auto res = cryptoFactory->createPlugin(
             getVendorUUID(), initVec,
-                    [&](StatusV1_0 status, const sp<ICryptoPluginV1_0>& pluginV1_0) {
-                EXPECT_EQ(StatusV1_0::OK, status);
+            [&](StatusV1_0 status, const sp<ICryptoPluginV1_0>& pluginV1_0) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(StatusV1_0::OK == status, pluginV1_0 != nullptr);
                 plugin = ICryptoPlugin::castFrom(pluginV1_0);
             });
     if (!res.isOk()) {
@@ -166,6 +180,7 @@
 }
 
 hidl_array<uint8_t, 16> DrmHalTest::getVendorUUID() {
+    if (vendorModule == nullptr) return {};
     vector<uint8_t> uuid = vendorModule->getUUID();
     return hidl_array<uint8_t, 16>(&uuid[0]);
 }
diff --git a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.h b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.h
index e348664..b2d654c 100644
--- a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.h
+++ b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_common.h
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 #include "drm_hal_vendor_module_api.h"
 #include "vendor_modules.h"
 #include "VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase.h"
-#include "VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h"
 
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_0::EventType;
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_0::KeyedVector;
@@ -56,8 +55,6 @@
 using ::android::hidl::memory::V1_0::IMemory;
 using ::android::sp;
 
-using ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase;
-
 using std::map;
 using std::string;
 using std::unique_ptr;
@@ -65,12 +62,12 @@
 
 #define EXPECT_OK(ret) EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
 
-#define RETURN_IF_SKIPPED \
-    if (!vendorModule->isInstalled()) { \
-        std::cout << "[  SKIPPED ] This drm scheme not supported." << \
-                " library:" << GetParam() << " service-name:" << \
-                vendorModule->getServiceName() << std::endl; \
-        return; \
+#define RETURN_IF_SKIPPED                                                                \
+    if (!vendorModule->isInstalled()) {                                                  \
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "This drm scheme not supported."                                 \
+                     << " library:" << GetParam()                                        \
+                     << " service-name:" << vendorModule->getServiceName() << std::endl; \
+        return;                                                                          \
     }
 
 namespace android {
@@ -79,26 +76,6 @@
 namespace V1_2 {
 namespace vts {
 
-class DrmHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-   public:
-    // get the test environment singleton
-    static DrmHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
-        static DrmHidlEnvironment* instance = new DrmHidlEnvironment;
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    void registerTestServices() override {
-        registerTestService<ICryptoFactory>();
-        registerTestService<IDrmFactory>();
-        setServiceCombMode(::testing::HalServiceCombMode::NO_COMBINATION);
-    }
-
-   private:
-    DrmHidlEnvironment() {}
-
-    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DrmHidlEnvironment);
-};
-
 class DrmHalTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
    public:
     static drm_vts::VendorModules* gVendorModules;
@@ -142,9 +119,9 @@
     sp<IDrmPlugin> drmPlugin;
     sp<ICryptoPlugin> cryptoPlugin;
     unique_ptr<DrmHalVTSVendorModule_V1> vendorModule;
-    const vector<DrmHalVTSVendorModule_V1::ContentConfiguration> contentConfigurations;
+    vector<DrmHalVTSVendorModule_V1::ContentConfiguration> contentConfigurations;
 
-   private:
+  private:
     sp<IDrmPlugin> createDrmPlugin();
     sp<ICryptoPlugin> createCryptoPlugin();
 
@@ -152,7 +129,13 @@
 
 class DrmHalClearkeyTest : public DrmHalTest {
    public:
-    virtual void SetUp() override { DrmHalTest::SetUp(); }
+     virtual void SetUp() override {
+         DrmHalTest::SetUp();
+
+         if (vendorModule == nullptr) {
+             GTEST_SKIP() << "Instance not supported";
+         }
+     }
     virtual void TearDown() override {}
     void decryptWithInvalidKeys(hidl_vec<uint8_t>& invalidResponse,
             vector<uint8_t>& iv, const Pattern& noPattern, const vector<SubSample>& subSamples);
diff --git a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_test.cpp b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_test.cpp
index 37ecc25..99c834d 100644
--- a/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/drm/1.2/vts/functional/drm_hal_test.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,9 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "drm_hal_test@1.2"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <openssl/aes.h>
 
@@ -35,7 +37,6 @@
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::vts::DrmHalClearkeyTest;
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::vts::DrmHalPluginListener;
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::vts::DrmHalTest;
-using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::vts::DrmHidlEnvironment;
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::vts::kCallbackLostState;
 using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::vts::kCallbackKeysChange;
 
@@ -559,17 +560,24 @@
  * Instantiate the set of test cases for each vendor module
  */
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-        DrmHalTestClearkey, DrmHalTest,
-        testing::Values("clearkey"));
+static const std::set<std::string> kAllInstances = [] {
+    using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::ICryptoFactory;
+    using ::android::hardware::drm::V1_2::IDrmFactory;
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-        DrmHalTestClearkeyExtended, DrmHalClearkeyTest,
-        testing::Values("clearkey"));
+    std::vector<std::string> drmInstances =
+            android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IDrmFactory::descriptor);
+    std::vector<std::string> cryptoInstances =
+            android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(ICryptoFactory::descriptor);
+    std::set<std::string> allInstances;
+    allInstances.insert(drmInstances.begin(), drmInstances.end());
+    allInstances.insert(cryptoInstances.begin(), cryptoInstances.end());
+    return allInstances;
+}();
 
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(
-        DrmHalTestVendor, DrmHalTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(DrmHalTest::gVendorModules->getPathList()));
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerInstance, DrmHalTest, testing::ValuesIn(kAllInstances),
+                         android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(PerInstance, DrmHalClearkeyTest, testing::ValuesIn(kAllInstances),
+                         android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #if defined(__LP64__)
@@ -582,9 +590,7 @@
         std::cerr << "WARNING: No vendor modules found in " << kModulePath <<
                 ", all vendor tests will be skipped" << std::endl;
     }
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(DrmHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    DrmHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
     int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
     ALOGI("Test result = %d", status);
     return status;