diff --git a/audio/2.0/IStream.hal b/audio/2.0/IStream.hal
index dc43346..5c88a69 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/IStream.hal
+++ b/audio/2.0/IStream.hal
@@ -227,4 +227,56 @@
      * @param fd dump file descriptor.
      */
     debugDump(handle fd);
+
+    /*
+     * Called by the framework to start a stream operating in mmap mode.
+     * createMmapBuffer() must be called before calling start().
+     * Function only implemented by streams operating in mmap mode.
+     *
+     * @return retval OK in case the success.
+     *                NOT_SUPPORTED on non mmap mode streams
+     *                INVALID_STATE if called out of sequence
+     */
+    start() generates (Result retval);
+
+    /**
+     * Called by the framework to stop a stream operating in mmap mode.
+     * Function only implemented by streams operating in mmap mode.
+     *
+     * @return retval OK in case the succes.
+     *                NOT_SUPPORTED on non mmap mode streams
+     *                INVALID_STATE if called out of sequence
+     */
+    stop() generates (Result retval) ;
+
+    /*
+     * Called by the framework to retrieve information on the mmap buffer used for audio
+     * samples transfer.
+     * Function only implemented by streams operating in mmap mode.
+     *
+     * @param minSizeFrames minimum buffer size requested. The actual buffer
+     *                     size returned in struct MmapBufferInfo can be larger.
+     * @return retval OK in case the success.
+     *                NOT_SUPPORTED on non mmap mode streams
+     *                NOT_INITIALIZED in case of memory allocation error
+     *                INVALID_ARGUMENTS if the requested buffer size is too large
+     *                INVALID_STATE if called out of sequence
+     * @return info    a MmapBufferInfo struct containing information on the MMMAP buffer created.
+     */
+    createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames)
+            generates (Result retval, MmapBufferInfo info);
+
+    /*
+     * Called by the framework to read current read/write position in the mmap buffer
+     * with associated time stamp.
+     * Function only implemented by streams operating in mmap mode.
+     *
+     * @return retval OK in case the success.
+     *                NOT_SUPPORTED on non mmap mode streams
+     *                INVALID_STATE if called out of sequence
+     * @return position a MmapPosition struct containing current HW read/write position in frames
+     *                  with associated time stamp.
+     */
+    getMmapPosition()
+            generates (Result retval, MmapPosition position);
 };
diff --git a/audio/2.0/IStreamOutCallback.hal b/audio/2.0/IStreamOutCallback.hal
index 267c46d..cdb38de 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/IStreamOutCallback.hal
+++ b/audio/2.0/IStreamOutCallback.hal
@@ -23,15 +23,15 @@
     /*
      * Non blocking write completed.
      */
-    onWriteReady();
+    oneway onWriteReady();
 
     /*
      * Drain completed.
      */
-    onDrainReady();
+    oneway onDrainReady();
 
     /*
      * Stream hit an error.
      */
-    onError();
+    oneway onError();
 };
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/Android.mk b/audio/2.0/default/Android.mk
index 2b1aa4f..c3cfd69 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/Android.mk
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/Android.mk
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     libhidlbase \
     libhidltransport \
     libhwbinder \
+    libcutils \
     libutils \
     libhardware \
     liblog \
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/2.0/default/Stream.cpp
index 40f67f0..f214eed 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -43,9 +43,10 @@
     mStream = nullptr;
 }
 
+// static
 Result Stream::analyzeStatus(const char* funcName, int status, int ignoreError) {
     if (status != 0 && status != -ignoreError) {
-        ALOGW("Stream %p %s: %s", mStream, funcName, strerror(-status));
+        ALOGW("Error from HAL stream in function %s: %s", funcName, strerror(-status));
     }
     switch (status) {
         case 0: return Result::OK;
@@ -229,6 +230,29 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
+Return<Result>  Stream::start() {
+    return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+Return<Result>  Stream::stop() {
+    return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+Return<void>  Stream::createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames __unused,
+                                       createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    Result retval(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    MmapBufferInfo info;
+    _hidl_cb(retval, info);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void>  Stream::getMmapPosition(getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    Result retval(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    MmapPosition position;
+    _hidl_cb(retval, position);
+    return Void();
+}
+
 } // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace audio
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h b/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h
index 0ebd723..819bbf7 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V2_0_STREAM_H
 
 #include <android/hardware/audio/2.0/IStream.h>
+#include <hardware/audio.h>
 #include <hidl/Status.h>
 
 #include <hidl/MQDescriptor.h>
@@ -71,9 +72,13 @@
             const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& keys, getParameters_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
     Return<Result> setParameters(const hidl_vec<ParameterValue>& parameters)  override;
     Return<void> debugDump(const hidl_handle& fd)  override;
+    Return<Result> start() override;
+    Return<Result> stop() override;
+    Return<void> createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames, createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getMmapPosition(getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
     // Utility methods for extending interfaces.
-    Result analyzeStatus(const char* funcName, int status, int ignoreError = OK);
+    static Result analyzeStatus(const char* funcName, int status, int ignoreError = OK);
 
   private:
     audio_stream_t *mStream;
@@ -85,6 +90,80 @@
     int halSetParameters(const char* keysAndValues) override;
 };
 
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StreamMmap : public RefBase {
+    explicit StreamMmap(T* stream) : mStream(stream) {}
+
+    Return<Result> start();
+    Return<Result> stop();
+    Return<void> createMmapBuffer(
+            int32_t minSizeFrames, size_t frameSize, IStream::createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb);
+    Return<void> getMmapPosition(IStream::getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb);
+
+ private:
+   StreamMmap() {}
+
+   T *mStream;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+Return<Result> StreamMmap<T>::start() {
+    if (mStream->start == NULL) return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    int result = mStream->start(mStream);
+    return Stream::analyzeStatus("start", result);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Return<Result> StreamMmap<T>::stop() {
+    if (mStream->stop == NULL) return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    int result = mStream->stop(mStream);
+    return Stream::analyzeStatus("stop", result);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Return<void> StreamMmap<T>::createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames, size_t frameSize,
+                                             IStream::createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    Result retval(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    MmapBufferInfo info;
+
+    if (mStream->create_mmap_buffer != NULL) {
+        struct audio_mmap_buffer_info halInfo;
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
+                "create_mmap_buffer",
+                mStream->create_mmap_buffer(mStream, minSizeFrames, &halInfo));
+        if (retval == Result::OK) {
+            native_handle_t* hidlHandle = native_handle_create(1, 0);
+            hidlHandle->data[0] = halInfo.shared_memory_fd;
+            info.sharedMemory = hidl_memory("audio_buffer", hidlHandle,
+                                            frameSize *halInfo.buffer_size_frames);
+            info.bufferSizeFrames = halInfo.buffer_size_frames;
+            info.burstSizeFrames = halInfo.burst_size_frames;
+        }
+    }
+    _hidl_cb(retval, info);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Return<void> StreamMmap<T>::getMmapPosition(IStream::getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    Result retval(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    MmapPosition position;
+
+    if (mStream->get_mmap_position != NULL) {
+        struct audio_mmap_position halPosition;
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
+                "get_mmap_position",
+                mStream->get_mmap_position(mStream, &halPosition));
+        if (retval == Result::OK) {
+            position.timeNanoseconds = halPosition.time_nanoseconds;
+            position.positionFrames = halPosition.position_frames;
+        }
+    }
+    _hidl_cb(retval, position);
+    return Void();
+}
+
 }  // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace audio
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp b/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
index 1bc9dfb..1441e74 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@
 namespace implementation {
 
 StreamIn::StreamIn(audio_hw_device_t* device, audio_stream_in_t* stream)
-        : mDevice(device), mStream(stream), mStreamCommon(new Stream(&stream->common)) {
+        : mDevice(device), mStream(stream),
+          mStreamCommon(new Stream(&stream->common)),
+          mStreamMmap(new StreamMmap<audio_stream_in_t>(stream)) {
 }
 
 StreamIn::~StreamIn() {
@@ -130,6 +132,22 @@
     return mStreamCommon->debugDump(fd);
 }
 
+Return<Result> StreamIn::start() {
+    return mStreamMmap->start();
+}
+
+Return<Result> StreamIn::stop() {
+    return mStreamMmap->stop();
+}
+
+Return<void> StreamIn::createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames, createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    return mStreamMmap->createMmapBuffer(
+            minSizeFrames, audio_stream_in_frame_size(mStream), _hidl_cb);
+}
+
+Return<void> StreamIn::getMmapPosition(getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    return mStreamMmap->getMmapPosition(_hidl_cb);
+}
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::audio::V2_0::IStreamIn follow.
 Return<void> StreamIn::getAudioSource(getAudioSource_cb _hidl_cb)  {
@@ -144,7 +162,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<Result> StreamIn::setGain(float gain)  {
-    return mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("set_gain", mStream->set_gain(mStream, gain));
+    return Stream::analyzeStatus("set_gain", mStream->set_gain(mStream, gain));
 }
 
 Return<void> StreamIn::read(uint64_t size, read_cb _hidl_cb)  {
@@ -157,7 +175,7 @@
         data.resize(readResult);
     } else if (readResult < 0) {
         data.resize(0);
-        retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("read", readResult);
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus("read", readResult);
     }
     _hidl_cb(retval, data);
     return Void();
@@ -172,7 +190,7 @@
     uint64_t frames = 0, time = 0;
     if (mStream->get_capture_position != NULL) {
         int64_t halFrames, halTime;
-        retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus(
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
                 "get_capture_position",
                 mStream->get_capture_position(mStream, &halFrames, &halTime));
         if (retval == Result::OK) {
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.h b/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.h
index f7c17b7..65e94bb 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.h
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/StreamIn.h
@@ -80,11 +80,17 @@
     Return<void> read(uint64_t size, read_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
     Return<uint32_t> getInputFramesLost()  override;
     Return<void> getCapturePosition(getCapturePosition_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
+    Return<Result> start() override;
+    Return<Result> stop() override;
+    Return<void> createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames, createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getMmapPosition(getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
   private:
     audio_hw_device_t *mDevice;
     audio_stream_in_t *mStream;
     sp<Stream> mStreamCommon;
+    sp<StreamMmap<audio_stream_in_t>> mStreamMmap;
+
 
     virtual ~StreamIn();
 };
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp b/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
index 913b6ae..3d20d11 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #define LOG_TAG "StreamOutHAL"
+//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include <hardware/audio.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
@@ -28,7 +29,9 @@
 namespace implementation {
 
 StreamOut::StreamOut(audio_hw_device_t* device, audio_stream_out_t* stream)
-        : mDevice(device), mStream(stream), mStreamCommon(new Stream(&stream->common)) {
+        : mDevice(device), mStream(stream),
+          mStreamCommon(new Stream(&stream->common)),
+          mStreamMmap(new StreamMmap<audio_stream_out_t>(stream)) {
 }
 
 StreamOut::~StreamOut() {
@@ -132,7 +135,6 @@
     return mStreamCommon->debugDump(fd);
 }
 
-
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::audio::V2_0::IStreamOut follow.
 Return<uint32_t> StreamOut::getLatency()  {
     return mStream->get_latency(mStream);
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@
 Return<Result> StreamOut::setVolume(float left, float right)  {
     Result retval(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
     if (mStream->set_volume != NULL) {
-        retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus(
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
                 "set_volume", mStream->set_volume(mStream, left, right));
     }
     return retval;
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@
     if (writeResult >= 0) {
         written = writeResult;
     } else {
-        retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("write", writeResult);
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus("write", writeResult);
         written = 0;
     }
     _hidl_cb(retval, written);
@@ -164,7 +166,7 @@
 
 Return<void> StreamOut::getRenderPosition(getRenderPosition_cb _hidl_cb)  {
     uint32_t halDspFrames;
-    Result retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus(
+    Result retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
             "get_render_position", mStream->get_render_position(mStream, &halDspFrames));
     _hidl_cb(retval, halDspFrames);
     return Void();
@@ -174,7 +176,7 @@
     Result retval(Result::NOT_SUPPORTED);
     int64_t timestampUs = 0;
     if (mStream->get_next_write_timestamp != NULL) {
-        retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus(
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
                 "get_next_write_timestamp",
                 mStream->get_next_write_timestamp(mStream, &timestampUs));
     }
@@ -188,7 +190,7 @@
     if (result == 0) {
         mCallback = callback;
     }
-    return mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("set_callback", result);
+    return Stream::analyzeStatus("set_callback", result);
 }
 
 Return<Result> StreamOut::clearCallback()  {
@@ -227,13 +229,13 @@
 
 Return<Result> StreamOut::pause()  {
     return mStream->pause != NULL ?
-            mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("pause", mStream->pause(mStream)) :
+            Stream::analyzeStatus("pause", mStream->pause(mStream)) :
             Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
 }
 
 Return<Result> StreamOut::resume()  {
     return mStream->resume != NULL ?
-            mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("resume", mStream->resume(mStream)) :
+            Stream::analyzeStatus("resume", mStream->resume(mStream)) :
             Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
 }
 
@@ -243,14 +245,14 @@
 
 Return<Result> StreamOut::drain(AudioDrain type)  {
     return mStream->drain != NULL ?
-            mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus(
+            Stream::analyzeStatus(
                     "drain", mStream->drain(mStream, static_cast<audio_drain_type_t>(type))) :
             Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
 }
 
 Return<Result> StreamOut::flush()  {
     return mStream->flush != NULL ?
-            mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus("flush", mStream->flush(mStream)) :
+            Stream::analyzeStatus("flush", mStream->flush(mStream)) :
             Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
 }
 
@@ -260,7 +262,7 @@
     TimeSpec timeStamp = { 0, 0 };
     if (mStream->get_presentation_position != NULL) {
         struct timespec halTimeStamp;
-        retval = mStreamCommon->analyzeStatus(
+        retval = Stream::analyzeStatus(
                 "get_presentation_position",
                 mStream->get_presentation_position(mStream, &frames, &halTimeStamp),
                 // Don't logspam on EINVAL--it's normal for get_presentation_position
@@ -275,6 +277,23 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
+Return<Result> StreamOut::start() {
+    return mStreamMmap->start();
+}
+
+Return<Result> StreamOut::stop() {
+    return mStreamMmap->stop();
+}
+
+Return<void> StreamOut::createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames, createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    return mStreamMmap->createMmapBuffer(
+            minSizeFrames, audio_stream_out_frame_size(mStream), _hidl_cb);
+}
+
+Return<void> StreamOut::getMmapPosition(getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    return mStreamMmap->getMmapPosition(_hidl_cb);
+}
+
 }  // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace audio
diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.h b/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.h
index dc9a604..9b7f9f8 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.h
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/StreamOut.h
@@ -91,11 +91,16 @@
     Return<Result> drain(AudioDrain type)  override;
     Return<Result> flush()  override;
     Return<void> getPresentationPosition(getPresentationPosition_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
+    Return<Result> start() override;
+    Return<Result> stop() override;
+    Return<void> createMmapBuffer(int32_t minSizeFrames, createMmapBuffer_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getMmapPosition(getMmapPosition_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
   private:
     audio_hw_device_t *mDevice;
     audio_stream_out_t *mStream;
     sp<Stream> mStreamCommon;
+    sp<StreamMmap<audio_stream_out_t>> mStreamMmap;
     sp<IStreamOutCallback> mCallback;
 
     virtual ~StreamOut();
diff --git a/audio/2.0/types.hal b/audio/2.0/types.hal
index 7002f38..37c39e4 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/types.hal
+++ b/audio/2.0/types.hal
@@ -70,3 +70,22 @@
     string busAddress;      // used for BUS
     string rSubmixAddress;  // used for REMOTE_SUBMIX
 };
+
+/*
+ * Mmap buffer descriptor returned by IStream.createMmapBuffer().
+ * Used by streams opened in mmap mode.
+ */
+struct MmapBufferInfo {
+    memory  sharedMemory;         // mmap memory buffer
+    int32_t bufferSizeFrames;     // total buffer size in frames
+    int32_t burstSizeFrames;      // transfer size granularity in frames
+};
+
+/*
+ * Mmap buffer read/write position returned by IStream.getMmapPosition().
+ * Used by streams opened in mmap mode.
+ */
+struct MmapPosition {
+    int64_t  timeNanoseconds; // time stamp in ns, CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+    int32_t  positionFrames;  // increasing 32 bit frame count reset when IStream.stop() is called
+};
diff --git a/audio/common/2.0/default/HidlUtils.cpp b/audio/common/2.0/default/HidlUtils.cpp
index b1bff00..241ca90 100644
--- a/audio/common/2.0/default/HidlUtils.cpp
+++ b/audio/common/2.0/default/HidlUtils.cpp
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
         const audio_offload_info_t& halOffload, AudioOffloadInfo* offload) {
     offload->sampleRateHz = halOffload.sample_rate;
     offload->channelMask = AudioChannelMask(halOffload.channel_mask);
+    offload->format = AudioFormat(halOffload.format);
     offload->streamType = AudioStreamType(halOffload.stream_type);
     offload->bitRatePerSecond = halOffload.bit_rate;
     offload->durationMicroseconds = halOffload.duration_us;
@@ -109,6 +110,7 @@
     *halOffload = AUDIO_INFO_INITIALIZER;
     halOffload->sample_rate = offload.sampleRateHz;
     halOffload->channel_mask = static_cast<audio_channel_mask_t>(offload.channelMask);
+    halOffload->format = static_cast<audio_format_t>(offload.format);
     halOffload->stream_type = static_cast<audio_stream_type_t>(offload.streamType);
     halOffload->bit_rate = offload.bitRatePerSecond;
     halOffload->duration_us = offload.durationMicroseconds;
diff --git a/boot/1.0/Android.bp b/boot/1.0/Android.bp
index d67972f..4eb728d 100644
--- a/boot/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/boot/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.boot@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/boot/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/boot/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IBootControl.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/BootControl.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.boot@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/boot/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/boot/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IBootControl.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/boot/1.0/BootControl.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.boot.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.boot@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 9b30ef1..d3a3851 100644
--- a/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/boot/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Boot Control v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_boot@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  BootControl.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.boot@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for boot.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml b/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml
index 6c7809c..bc759bf 100644
--- a/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
             _32bit::DATA/nativetest/boot_hidl_hal_test/boot_hidl_hal_test,
             _64bit::DATA/nativetest64/boot_hidl_hal_test/boot_hidl_hal_test,
             "/>
+        <option name="test-config-path" value="vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/HalBootHidlTargetTest.config" />
         <option name="binary-test-type" value="gtest" />
         <option name="test-timeout" value="1m" />
     </test>
diff --git a/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/HalBootHidlTargetTest.config b/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/HalBootHidlTargetTest.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebb4d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/boot/hidl/target/HalBootHidlTargetTest.config
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+    "use_gae_db": true,
+    "coverage": true,
+    "modules": [
+        {
+            "module_name": "system/lib64/hw/bootctrl.msm8996",
+            "git_project": {
+                "name": "platform/hardware/qcom/bootctrl",
+                "path": "hardware/qcom/bootctrl"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "module_name": "system/lib64/hw/android.hardware.boot@1.0-impl",
+            "git_project": {
+                "name": "platform/hardware/interfaces",
+                "path": "hardware/interfaces"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/camera/device/3.2/types.hal b/camera/device/3.2/types.hal
index 3ce5037..ed6ef7d 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.2/types.hal
+++ b/camera/device/3.2/types.hal
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
 import android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0::types;
 
 typedef vec<uint8_t> CameraMetadata;
+typedef bitfield<ProducerUsage> ProducerUsageFlags;
+typedef bitfield<ConsumerUsage> ConsumerUsageFlags;
+typedef bitfield<Dataspace> DataspaceFlags;
 
 /**
  * StreamType:
@@ -221,24 +224,12 @@
      * together and then passed to the platform gralloc HAL module for
      * allocating the gralloc buffers for each stream.
      *
-     * For streamType OUTPUT, when passed via
-     * configureStreams(), the initial value of this is the consumer's usage
-     * flags. The HAL may use these consumer flags to decide stream
-     * configuration. For streamType INPUT, when passed via
-     * configureStreams(), the initial value of this is 0. For all streams
-     * passed via configureStreams(), the HAL must set its desired producer
-     * usage flags in the final stream configuration.
+     * The HAL may use these consumer flags to decide stream configuration. For
+     * streamType INPUT, the value of this field is always 0. For all streams
+     * passed via configureStreams(), the HAL must set its own
+     * additional usage flags in its output HalStreamConfiguration.
      */
-    ConsumerUsage usage;
-
-    /**
-     * The maximum number of buffers the HAL device may need to have dequeued at
-     * the same time. The HAL device may not have more buffers in-flight from
-     * this stream than this value. For all streams passed via
-     * configureStreams(), the HAL must set its desired max buffer count in the
-     * final stream configuration.
-     */
-    uint32_t maxBuffers;
+    ConsumerUsageFlags usage;
 
     /**
      * A field that describes the contents of the buffer. The format and buffer
@@ -256,7 +247,7 @@
      * supported. The dataspace values are set using the V0 dataspace
      * definitions.
      */
-    Dataspace dataSpace;
+    DataspaceFlags dataSpace;
 
     /**
      * The required output rotation of the stream.
@@ -328,18 +319,18 @@
     int32_t id;
 
     /**
-     * The pixel format for the buffers in this stream.
-     *
-     * If HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED is used, then the platform
-     * gralloc module must select a format based on the usage flags provided by
-     * the camera device and the other endpoint of the stream.
+     * An override pixel format for the buffers in this stream.
      *
      * The HAL must respect the requested format in Stream unless it is
      * IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED, in which case the override format here must be
-     * used instead. This allows cross-platform HALs to use a standard format
-     * since IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED formats often require device-specific
-     * information. In all other cases, the overrideFormat must match the
-     * requested format.
+     * used by the client instead, for this stream. This allows cross-platform
+     * HALs to use a standard format since IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED formats often
+     * require device-specific information. In all other cases, the
+     * overrideFormat must match the requested format.
+     *
+     * When HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED is used, then the platform
+     * gralloc module must select a format based on the usage flags provided by
+     * the camera device and the other endpoint of the stream.
      */
     android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0::PixelFormat overrideFormat;
 
@@ -356,8 +347,8 @@
      * consumerUsage must be set. For other types, producerUsage must be set,
      * and consumerUsage must be 0.
      */
-    ProducerUsage producerUsage;
-    ConsumerUsage consumerUsage;
+    ProducerUsageFlags producerUsage;
+    ConsumerUsageFlags consumerUsage;
 
     /**
      * The maximum number of buffers the HAL device may need to have dequeued at
@@ -635,7 +626,7 @@
          * Shutter message contents. Valid if type is MsgType::SHUTTER
          */
         ShutterMsg shutter;
-    };
+    } msg;
 
 };
 
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.hal b/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.hal
index 8d19aeb..8c792fd 100644
--- a/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.hal
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.hal
@@ -60,9 +60,11 @@
      * After the init method for nanoApp returns success, this must be indicated
      * to the service by an asynchronous call to handleTxnResult.
      *
+     * Loading a nanoapp must not take more than 30 seconds.
+     *
      * @param hubId identifer of the contextHub
-     *        appBinary binary for the nanoApp
-     *        msg   message to be sent
+     *        appBinary serialized NanoApppBinary for the nanoApp
+     *        transactionId transactionId for this call
      *
      * @return result OK if transation started
      *                BAD_VALUE if parameters are not sane
@@ -71,7 +73,9 @@
      *                TRANSACTION_FAILED if load failed synchronously
      *
      */
-    loadNanoApp(uint32_t hubId, NanoAppBinary appBinary, uint32_t transactionId)
+    loadNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                vec<uint8_t> appBinary,
+                uint32_t transactionId)
             generates (Result result);
 
     /**
@@ -79,6 +83,8 @@
      * After this, success must be indicated to the service through an
      * asynchronous call to handleTxnResult.
      *
+     * Unloading a nanoapp must not take more than 5 seconds.
+     *
      * @param hubId identifer of the contextHub
      *        appId appIdentifier returned by the HAL
      *        msg   message to be sent
@@ -98,6 +104,8 @@
      * After this, success must be indicated to the service through an
      * asynchronous message.
      *
+     * Enabling a nanoapp must not take more than 5 seconds.
+     *
      * @param hubId identifer of the contextHub
      *        appId appIdentifier returned by the HAL
      *        msg   message to be sent
@@ -117,6 +125,8 @@
      * After this, success must be indicated to the service through an
      * asynchronous message.
      *
+     * Disabling a nanoapp must not take more than 5 seconds.
+     *
      * @param hubId identifer of the contextHub
      *        appId appIdentifier returned by the HAL
      *        msg   message to be sent
@@ -136,7 +146,11 @@
      *
      * @param hubId identifer of the contextHub
      *
-     * @return apps all nanoApps on the hub
+     * @return apps all nanoApps on the hub.
+     *              All nanoApps that can be modified by the service must
+     *              be returned. A non-modifiable nanoapps must not be
+     *              returned. A modifiable nanoApp is one that can be
+     *              unloaded/disabled/enabled by the service.
      *
      */
     queryApps(uint32_t hubId) generates (Result result);
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/IContexthubCallback.hal b/contexthub/1.0/IContexthubCallback.hal
index 29c41ce..9e9cf27 100644
--- a/contexthub/1.0/IContexthubCallback.hal
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/IContexthubCallback.hal
@@ -22,41 +22,44 @@
      * implementation to allow the HAL to send asynchronous messages back
      * to the service and registered clients of the ContextHub service.
      *
-     * @params hubId : identifier of the hub calling callback
-     *         msg   : message
+     * @params msg : message
      *
      */
-     handleClientMsg(uint32_t hubId, ContextHubMsg msg);
+     handleClientMsg(ContextHubMsg msg);
 
     /*
      * This callback is passed by the Contexthub service to the HAL
      * implementation to allow the HAL to send the response for a
      * transaction.
      *
-     * @params hubId : identifier of the hub calling callback
-     *         txnId : transaction id whose result is being sent
+     * @params txnId : transaction id whose result is being sent
      *                 passed in by the service at start of transacation.
      *         result: result of transaction.
      *
      */
-     handleTxnResult(uint32_t hubId, uint32_t txnId,
-             TransactionResult result);
+     handleTxnResult(uint32_t txnId, TransactionResult result);
 
     /*
      * This callback is passed by the Contexthub service to the HAL
      * implementation to allow the HAL to send an asynchronous event
      * to the ContextHub service.
      *
-     * @params hubId : identifier of the hub calling callback
-     *         msg   : message
+     * @params msg : message
      *
      */
-     handleHubEvent(uint32_t hubId, AsyncEventType evt);
+     handleHubEvent(AsyncEventType evt);
 
      /*
       * This callback is passed by the Contexthub service to the HAL
       * implementation to allow the HAL to send information about the
       * currently loaded and active nanoapps on the hub.
+      *
+      * @params appInfo : vector of HubAppinfo structure for each nanoApp
+      *                   on the hub that can be enabled, disabled and
+      *                   unloaded by the service. Any nanoApps that cannot
+      *                   be controlled by the service must not be reported.
+      *                   All nanoApps that can be controlled by the service
+      *                   must be reported.
       */
-      handleAppsInfo(uint32_t hubId, vec<HubAppInfo> appInfo);
+      handleAppsInfo(vec<HubAppInfo> appInfo);
 };
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/default/Android.bp b/contexthub/1.0/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5f79d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-impl",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    srcs: ["Contexthub.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libutils",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "android.hardware.contexthub@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/default/Android.mk b/contexthub/1.0/default/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad40878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/default/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE_RELATIVE_PATH := hw
+LOCAL_MODULE := android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service
+LOCAL_INIT_RC := android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service.rc
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+        service.cpp \
+
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
+        libbase \
+        libcutils \
+        libdl \
+        libhardware \
+        libhardware_legacy \
+        libhidlbase \
+        libhidltransport \
+        libhwbinder \
+        liblog \
+        libutils \
+        android.hardware.contexthub@1.0 \
+
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/default/Contexthub.cpp b/contexthub/1.0/default/Contexthub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d530a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/default/Contexthub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "Contexthub.h"
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <android/log.h>
+#include <android/hardware/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.h>
+#include <hardware/context_hub.h>
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "ContextHubHalAdapter"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace contexthub {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+static constexpr uint64_t ALL_APPS = UINT64_C(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
+
+Contexthub::Contexthub()
+        : mInitCheck(NO_INIT),
+          mContextHubModule(nullptr),
+          mIsTransactionPending(false) {
+    const hw_module_t *module;
+
+    mInitCheck = hw_get_module(CONTEXT_HUB_MODULE_ID, &module);
+
+    if (mInitCheck != OK) {
+        ALOGE("Could not load %s module: %s", CONTEXT_HUB_MODULE_ID, strerror(-mInitCheck));
+    } else if (module == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("hal returned succes but a null module!");
+        // Assign an error, this should not really happen...
+        mInitCheck = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    } else {
+        ALOGI("Loaded Context Hub module");
+        mContextHubModule = reinterpret_cast<const context_hub_module_t *>(module);
+    }
+}
+
+bool Contexthub::setOsAppAsDestination(hub_message_t *msg, int hubId) {
+    if (!isValidHubId(hubId)) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Hub information is null for hubHandle %d",
+              __FUNCTION__,
+              hubId);
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        msg->app_name = mCachedHubInfo[hubId].osAppName;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<void> Contexthub::getHubs(getHubs_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    std::vector<ContextHub> hubs;
+    if (isInitialized()) {
+        const context_hub_t *hubArray = nullptr;
+        size_t numHubs;
+
+        // Explicitly discarding const. HAL method discards it.
+        numHubs = mContextHubModule->get_hubs(const_cast<context_hub_module_t *>(mContextHubModule),
+                                              &hubArray);
+        ALOGI("Context Hub Hal Adapter reports %zu hubs", numHubs);
+
+        mCachedHubInfo.clear();
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numHubs; i++) {
+            CachedHubInformation info;
+            ContextHub c;
+
+            c.hubId = hubArray[i].hub_id;
+            c.name = hubArray[i].name;
+            c.vendor = hubArray[i].vendor;
+            c.toolchain = hubArray[i].toolchain;
+            c.toolchainVersion = hubArray[i].toolchain_version;
+            c.platformVersion = hubArray[i].platform_version;
+            c.maxSupportedMsgLen = hubArray[i].max_supported_msg_len;
+            c.peakMips = hubArray[i].peak_mips;
+            c.peakPowerDrawMw = hubArray[i].peak_power_draw_mw;
+            c.stoppedPowerDrawMw = hubArray[i].stopped_power_draw_mw;
+            c.sleepPowerDrawMw = hubArray[i].sleep_power_draw_mw;
+
+            info.callBack = nullptr;
+            info.osAppName = hubArray[i].os_app_name;
+            mCachedHubInfo[hubArray[i].hub_id] = info;
+
+            hubs.push_back(c);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ALOGW("Context Hub Hal Adapter not initialized");
+    }
+
+    _hidl_cb(hubs);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+bool Contexthub::isValidHubId(uint32_t hubId) {
+    if (!mCachedHubInfo.count(hubId)) {
+        ALOGW("Hub information not found for hubId %" PRIu32, hubId);
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+sp<IContexthubCallback> Contexthub::getCallBackForHubId(uint32_t hubId) {
+    if (!isValidHubId(hubId)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    } else {
+        return mCachedHubInfo[hubId].callBack;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::sendMessageToHub(uint32_t hubId,
+                                            const ContextHubMsg &msg) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+        return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    if (!isValidHubId(hubId) || msg.msg.size() > UINT32_MAX) {
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t txMsg = {
+        .app_name.id = msg.appName,
+        .message_type = msg.msgType,
+        .message_len = static_cast<uint32_t>(msg.msg.size()), // Note the check above
+        .message = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(msg.msg.data()),
+    };
+
+    ALOGI("Sending msg of type %" PRIu32 ", size %" PRIu32 " to app 0x%" PRIx64,
+          txMsg.message_type,
+          txMsg.message_len,
+          txMsg.app_name.id);
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &txMsg) != 0) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    return Result::OK;
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::reboot(uint32_t hubId) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t msg;
+
+    if (setOsAppAsDestination(&msg, hubId) == false) {
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    msg.message_type = CONTEXT_HUB_OS_REBOOT;
+    msg.message_len = 0;
+    msg.message = nullptr;
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &msg) != 0) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    } else {
+        return Result::OK;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::registerCallback(uint32_t hubId,
+                                            const sp<IContexthubCallback> &cb) {
+    Return<Result> retVal = Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+        // Not initilalized
+        ALOGW("Context hub not initialized successfully");
+        retVal = Result::NOT_INIT;
+    } else if (!isValidHubId(hubId)) {
+        // Initialized, but hubId is  not valid
+        retVal = Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    } else if (mContextHubModule->subscribe_messages(hubId,
+                                                     contextHubCb,
+                                                     this) == 0) {
+        // Initialized && valid hub && subscription successful
+        retVal = Result::OK;
+        mCachedHubInfo[hubId].callBack = cb;
+    } else {
+        // Initalized && valid hubId - but subscription unsuccessful
+        // This is likely an internal error in the HAL implementation, but we
+        // cannot add more information.
+        ALOGW("Could not subscribe to the hub for callback");
+        retVal = Result::UNKNOWN_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    return retVal;
+}
+
+static bool isValidOsStatus(const uint8_t *msg,
+                            size_t msgLen,
+                            status_response_t *rsp) {
+    // Workaround a bug in some HALs
+    if (msgLen == 1) {
+        rsp->result = msg[0];
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (msg == nullptr || msgLen != sizeof(*rsp)) {
+        ALOGI("Received invalid response (is null : %d, size %zu)",
+              msg == nullptr ? 1 : 0,
+              msgLen);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(rsp, msg, sizeof(*rsp));
+
+    // No sanity checks on return values
+    return true;
+}
+
+int Contexthub::handleOsMessage(sp<IContexthubCallback> cb,
+                                uint32_t msgType,
+                                const uint8_t *msg,
+                                int msgLen) {
+    int retVal = -1;
+
+
+    switch(msgType) {
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_APPS_ENABLE:
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_APPS_DISABLE:
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_LOAD_APP:
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_UNLOAD_APP:
+        {
+            struct status_response_t rsp;
+            TransactionResult result;
+            if (isValidOsStatus(msg, msgLen, &rsp) && rsp.result == 0) {
+                retVal = 0;
+                result = TransactionResult::SUCCESS;
+            } else {
+                result = TransactionResult::FAILURE;
+            }
+
+            if (cb != nullptr) {
+                cb->handleTxnResult(mTransactionId, result);
+            }
+            retVal = 0;
+            mIsTransactionPending = false;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_QUERY_APPS:
+        {
+            std::vector<HubAppInfo> apps;
+            int numApps = msgLen / sizeof(hub_app_info);
+            const hub_app_info *unalignedInfoAddr = reinterpret_cast<const hub_app_info *>(msg);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < numApps; i++) {
+                hub_app_info query_info;
+                memcpy(&query_info, &unalignedInfoAddr[i], sizeof(query_info));
+                HubAppInfo app;
+                app.appId = query_info.app_name.id;
+                app.version = query_info.version;
+                // TODO :: Add memory ranges
+
+                apps.push_back(app);
+            }
+
+            if (cb != nullptr) {
+                cb->handleAppsInfo(apps);
+            }
+            retVal = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_QUERY_MEMORY:
+        {
+            // Deferring this use
+            retVal = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case CONTEXT_HUB_OS_REBOOT:
+        {
+            mIsTransactionPending = false;
+            if (cb != nullptr) {
+                cb->handleHubEvent(AsyncEventType::RESTARTED);
+            }
+            retVal = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+        {
+            retVal = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return retVal;
+}
+
+int Contexthub::contextHubCb(uint32_t hubId,
+                             const struct hub_message_t *rxMsg,
+                             void *cookie) {
+    Contexthub *obj = static_cast<Contexthub *>(cookie);
+
+    if (rxMsg == nullptr) {
+        ALOGW("Ignoring NULL message");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (!obj->isValidHubId(hubId)) {
+        ALOGW("Invalid hub Id %" PRIu32, hubId);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    sp<IContexthubCallback> cb = obj->getCallBackForHubId(hubId);
+
+    if (cb == nullptr) {
+        // This should not ever happen
+        ALOGW("No callback registered, returning");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (rxMsg->message_type < CONTEXT_HUB_TYPE_PRIVATE_MSG_BASE) {
+        obj->handleOsMessage(cb,
+                             rxMsg->message_type,
+                             static_cast<const uint8_t *>(rxMsg->message),
+                             rxMsg->message_len);
+    } else {
+        ContextHubMsg msg;
+
+        msg.appName = rxMsg->app_name.id;
+        msg.msgType = rxMsg->message_type;
+        msg.msg = std::vector<uint8_t>(static_cast<const uint8_t *>(rxMsg->message),
+                                       static_cast<const uint8_t *>(rxMsg->message) +
+                                       rxMsg->message_len);
+
+        cb->handleClientMsg(msg);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::unloadNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                         uint64_t appId,
+                                         uint32_t transactionId) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    if (mIsTransactionPending) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_PENDING;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t msg;
+
+    if (setOsAppAsDestination(&msg, hubId) == false) {
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    struct apps_disable_request_t req;
+
+    msg.message_type = CONTEXT_HUB_UNLOAD_APP;
+    msg.message_len = sizeof(req);
+    msg.message = &req;
+    req.app_name.id = appId;
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &msg) != 0) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    } else {
+        mTransactionId = transactionId;
+        mIsTransactionPending = true;
+        return Result::OK;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::loadNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                       const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& appBinary,
+                                       uint32_t transactionId) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    if (mIsTransactionPending) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_PENDING;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t hubMsg;
+
+    if (setOsAppAsDestination(&hubMsg, hubId) == false) {
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    hubMsg.message_type = CONTEXT_HUB_LOAD_APP;
+    hubMsg.message_len = appBinary.size();
+    hubMsg.message = appBinary.data();
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &hubMsg) != 0) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    } else {
+        mTransactionId = transactionId;
+        mIsTransactionPending = true;
+        return Result::OK;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::enableNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                         uint64_t appId,
+                                         uint32_t transactionId) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    if (mIsTransactionPending) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_PENDING;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t msg;
+
+    if (setOsAppAsDestination(&msg, hubId) == false) {
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    struct apps_enable_request_t req;
+
+    msg.message_type = CONTEXT_HUB_APPS_ENABLE;
+    msg.message_len = sizeof(req);
+    req.app_name.id = appId;
+    msg.message = &req;
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &msg) != 0) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    } else {
+        mTransactionId = transactionId;
+        mIsTransactionPending = true;
+        return Result::OK;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::disableNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                          uint64_t appId,
+                                          uint32_t transactionId) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    if (mIsTransactionPending) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_PENDING;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t msg;
+
+    if (setOsAppAsDestination(&msg, hubId) == false) {
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    struct apps_disable_request_t req;
+
+    msg.message_type = CONTEXT_HUB_APPS_DISABLE;
+    msg.message_len = sizeof(req);
+    req.app_name.id = appId;
+    msg.message = &req;
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &msg) != 0) {
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    } else {
+        mTransactionId = transactionId;
+        mIsTransactionPending = true;
+        return Result::OK;
+    }
+}
+
+Return<Result> Contexthub::queryApps(uint32_t hubId) {
+    if (!isInitialized()) {
+      return Result::NOT_INIT;
+    }
+
+    hub_message_t msg;
+
+    if (setOsAppAsDestination(&msg, hubId) == false) {
+        ALOGW("Could not find hubId %" PRIu32, hubId);
+        return Result::BAD_PARAMS;
+    }
+
+    query_apps_request_t payload;
+    payload.app_name.id = ALL_APPS; // TODO : Pass this in as a parameter
+    msg.message = &payload;
+    msg.message_len = sizeof(payload);
+    msg.message_type = CONTEXT_HUB_QUERY_APPS;
+
+    if(mContextHubModule->send_message(hubId, &msg) != 0) {
+        ALOGW("Query Apps sendMessage failed");
+        return Result::TRANSACTION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    return Result::OK;
+}
+
+bool Contexthub::isInitialized() {
+    return (mInitCheck == OK && mContextHubModule != nullptr);
+}
+
+IContexthub *HIDL_FETCH_IContexthub(const char * halName) {
+    ALOGI("%s Called for %s", __FUNCTION__, halName);
+    Contexthub *contexthub = new Contexthub;
+
+    if (!contexthub->isInitialized()) {
+        delete contexthub;
+        contexthub = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return contexthub;
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_0
+}  // namespace contexthub
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/default/Contexthub.h b/contexthub/1.0/default/Contexthub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0883ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/default/Contexthub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_CONTEXTHUB_V1_0_CONTEXTHUB_H_
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_CONTEXTHUB_V1_0_CONTEXTHUB_H_
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <android/hardware/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.h>
+#include <hardware/context_hub.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace contexthub {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+struct Contexthub : public ::android::hardware::contexthub::V1_0::IContexthub {
+    Contexthub();
+
+    Return<void> getHubs(getHubs_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+
+    Return<Result> registerCallback(uint32_t hubId,
+                                    const sp<IContexthubCallback> &cb) override;
+
+    Return<Result> sendMessageToHub(uint32_t hubId,
+                                    const ContextHubMsg &msg) override;
+
+    Return<Result> loadNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                               const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& appBinary,
+                               uint32_t transactionId) override;
+
+    Return<Result> unloadNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                 uint64_t appId,
+                                 uint32_t transactionId) override;
+
+    Return<Result> enableNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                 uint64_t appId,
+                                 uint32_t transactionId) override;
+
+    Return<Result> disableNanoApp(uint32_t hubId,
+                                  uint64_t appId,
+                                  uint32_t transactionId) override;
+
+    Return<Result> queryApps(uint32_t hubId) override;
+
+    Return<Result> reboot(uint32_t hubId);
+
+    bool isInitialized();
+
+private:
+
+    struct CachedHubInformation{
+        struct hub_app_name_t osAppName;
+        sp<IContexthubCallback> callBack;
+    };
+
+    status_t mInitCheck;
+    const struct context_hub_module_t *mContextHubModule;
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, CachedHubInformation> mCachedHubInfo;
+
+    sp<IContexthubCallback> mCb;
+    bool mIsTransactionPending;
+    uint32_t mTransactionId;
+
+    bool isValidHubId(uint32_t hubId);
+
+    sp<IContexthubCallback> getCallBackForHubId(uint32_t hubId);
+
+    int handleOsMessage(sp<IContexthubCallback> cb,
+                        uint32_t msgType,
+                        const uint8_t *msg,
+                        int msgLen);
+
+    static int contextHubCb(uint32_t hubId,
+                            const struct hub_message_t *rxMsg,
+                            void *cookie);
+
+    bool setOsAppAsDestination(hub_message_t *msg, int hubId);
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Contexthub);
+};
+
+extern "C" IContexthub *HIDL_FETCH_IContexthub(const char *name);
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_0
+}  // namespace contexthub
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_CONTEXTHUB_V1_0_CONTEXTHUB_H_
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/default/android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service.rc b/contexthub/1.0/default/android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dba85f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/default/android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service contexthub-hal-1-0 /system/bin/hw/android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service
+    class hal
+    user system
+    group system
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/default/service.cpp b/contexthub/1.0/default/service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db9a4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/default/service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.contexthub@1.0-service"
+
+#include <android/hardware/contexthub/1.0/IContexthub.h>
+#include <hidl/LegacySupport.h>
+
+using android::hardware::contexthub::V1_0::IContexthub;
+using android::hardware::defaultPassthroughServiceImplementation;
+
+int main() {
+    return defaultPassthroughServiceImplementation<IContexthub>("context_hub");
+}
diff --git a/contexthub/1.0/types.hal b/contexthub/1.0/types.hal
index b9f014b..043bb39 100644
--- a/contexthub/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/contexthub/1.0/types.hal
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 enum Result : uint32_t {
     OK,                  // Success
+    UNKNOWN_FAILURE,     // Failure, unknown reason
     BAD_PARAMS,          // Parameters not sane
     NOT_INIT,            // not initialized
     TRANSACTION_FAILED,  // transaction failed
diff --git a/contexthub/Android.bp b/contexthub/Android.bp
index bbb3e4b..ba90f2c 100644
--- a/contexthub/Android.bp
+++ b/contexthub/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 // This is an autogenerated file, do not edit.
 subdirs = [
     "1.0",
+    "1.0/default",
 ]
diff --git a/graphics/common/1.0/types.hal b/graphics/common/1.0/types.hal
index 67ff353..e20fedc 100644
--- a/graphics/common/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/graphics/common/1.0/types.hal
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@
 
     /*
      * The following formats use a 16bit float per color component.
+     *
+     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
+     * space of the buffer.
      */
     RGBA_FP16          = 0x16,
-    RGBX_FP16          = 0x17,
 
     /*
      * 0x101 - 0x1FF
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/Android.bp
index 2bc8e93..26c7739 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/Android.bp
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
         "types.hal",
         "IComposer.hal",
         "IComposerCallback.hal",
+        "IComposerClient.hal",
     ],
     out: [
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/types.cpp",
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/ComposerAll.cpp",
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/ComposerCallbackAll.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/ComposerClientAll.cpp",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@
         "types.hal",
         "IComposer.hal",
         "IComposerCallback.hal",
+        "IComposerClient.hal",
     ],
     out: [
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/types.h",
@@ -37,6 +40,11 @@
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/BnComposerCallback.h",
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/BpComposerCallback.h",
         "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/BsComposerCallback.h",
+        "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerClient.h",
+        "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IHwComposerClient.h",
+        "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/BnComposerClient.h",
+        "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/BpComposerClient.h",
+        "android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/BsComposerClient.h",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.hal b/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.hal
index dd61c11..771fc7d 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.hal
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.hal
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1;
 
-import android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0;
-import IComposerCallback;
+import IComposerClient;
 
 interface IComposer {
     /*
@@ -47,210 +46,6 @@
         SKIP_CLIENT_COLOR_TRANSFORM = 2,
     };
 
-    /* Display attributes queryable through getDisplayAttribute. */
-    enum Attribute : int32_t {
-        INVALID = 0,
-
-        /* Dimensions in pixels */
-        WIDTH = 1,
-        HEIGHT = 2,
-
-        /* Vsync period in nanoseconds */
-        VSYNC_PERIOD = 3,
-
-        /*
-         * Dots per thousand inches (DPI * 1000). Scaling by 1000 allows these
-         * numbers to be stored in an int32_t without losing too much
-         * precision. If the DPI for a configuration is unavailable or is
-         * considered unreliable, the device may return UNSUPPORTED instead.
-         */
-        DPI_X = 4,
-        DPI_Y = 5,
-    };
-
-    /* Display requests returned by getDisplayRequests. */
-    enum DisplayRequest : uint32_t {
-        /*
-         * Instructs the client to provide a new client target buffer, even if
-         * no layers are marked for client composition.
-         */
-        FLIP_CLIENT_TARGET = 1 << 0,
-
-        /*
-         * Instructs the client to write the result of client composition
-         * directly into the virtual display output buffer. If any of the
-         * layers are not marked as Composition::CLIENT or the given display
-         * is not a virtual display, this request has no effect.
-         */
-        WRITE_CLIENT_TARGET_TO_OUTPUT = 1 << 1,
-    };
-
-    /* Layer requests returned from getDisplayRequests. */
-    enum LayerRequest : uint32_t {
-        /*
-         * The client should clear its target with transparent pixels where
-         * this layer would be. The client may ignore this request if the
-         * layer must be blended.
-         */
-        CLEAR_CLIENT_TARGET = 1 << 0,
-    };
-
-    /* Power modes for use with setPowerMode. */
-    enum PowerMode : int32_t {
-        /* The display is fully off (blanked). */
-        OFF = 0,
-
-        /*
-         * These are optional low power modes. getDozeSupport may be called to
-         * determine whether a given display supports these modes.
-         */
-
-        /*
-         * The display is turned on and configured in a low power state that
-         * is suitable for presenting ambient information to the user,
-         * possibly with lower fidelity than ON, but with greater efficiency.
-         */
-        DOZE = 1,
-
-        /*
-         * The display is configured as in DOZE but may stop applying display
-         * updates from the client. This is effectively a hint to the device
-         * that drawing to the display has been suspended and that the the
-         * device should remain on in a low power state and continue
-         * displaying its current contents indefinitely until the power mode
-         * changes.
-         *
-         * This mode may also be used as a signal to enable hardware-based
-         * doze functionality. In this case, the device is free to take over
-         * the display and manage it autonomously to implement a low power
-         * always-on display.
-         */
-        DOZE_SUSPEND = 3,
-
-        /* The display is fully on. */
-        ON = 2,
-    };
-
-    /* Vsync values passed to setVsyncEnabled. */
-    enum Vsync : int32_t {
-        INVALID = 0,
-
-        /* Enable vsync. */
-        ENABLE = 1,
-
-        /* Disable vsync. */
-        DISABLE = 2,
-    };
-
-    /* Blend modes, settable per layer. */
-    enum BlendMode : int32_t {
-        INVALID = 0,
-
-        /* colorOut = colorSrc */
-        NONE = 1,
-
-        /* colorOut = colorSrc + colorDst * (1 - alphaSrc) */
-        PREMULTIPLIED = 2,
-
-        /* colorOut = colorSrc * alphaSrc + colorDst * (1 - alphaSrc) */
-        COVERAGE = 3,
-    };
-
-    /* Possible composition types for a given layer. */
-    enum Composition : int32_t {
-        INVALID = 0,
-
-        /*
-         * The client will composite this layer into the client target buffer
-         * (provided to the device through setClientTarget).
-         *
-         * The device must not request any composition type changes for layers
-         * of this type.
-         */
-        CLIENT = 1,
-
-        /*
-         * The device will handle the composition of this layer through a
-         * hardware overlay or other similar means.
-         *
-         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
-         * type to CLIENT.
-         */
-        DEVICE = 2,
-
-        /*
-         * The device will render this layer using the color set through
-         * setLayerColor. If this functionality is not supported on a layer
-         * that the client sets to SOLID_COLOR, the device must request that
-         * the composition type of that layer is changed to CLIENT upon the
-         * next call to validateDisplay.
-         *
-         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
-         * type to CLIENT.
-         */
-        SOLID_COLOR = 3,
-
-        /*
-         * Similar to DEVICE, but the position of this layer may also be set
-         * asynchronously through setCursorPosition. If this functionality is
-         * not supported on a layer that the client sets to CURSOR, the device
-         * must request that the composition type of that layer is changed to
-         * CLIENT upon the next call to validateDisplay.
-         *
-         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
-         * type to either DEVICE or CLIENT.  Changing to DEVICE will prevent
-         * the use of setCursorPosition but still permit the device to
-         * composite the layer.
-         */
-        CURSOR = 4,
-
-        /*
-         * The device will handle the composition of this layer, as well as
-         * its buffer updates and content synchronization. Only supported on
-         * devices which provide Capability::SIDEBAND_STREAM.
-         *
-         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
-         * type to either DEVICE or CLIENT, but it is unlikely that content
-         * will display correctly in these cases.
-         */
-        SIDEBAND = 5,
-    };
-
-    /* Display types returned by getDisplayType. */
-    enum DisplayType : int32_t {
-        INVALID = 0,
-
-        /*
-         * All physical displays, including both internal displays and
-         * hotpluggable external displays.
-         */
-        PHYSICAL = 1,
-
-        /* Virtual displays created by createVirtualDisplay. */
-        VIRTUAL = 2,
-    };
-
-    struct Rect {
-        int32_t left;
-        int32_t top;
-        int32_t right;
-        int32_t bottom;
-    };
-
-    struct FRect {
-        float left;
-        float top;
-        float right;
-        float bottom;
-    };
-
-    struct Color {
-        uint8_t r;
-        uint8_t g;
-        uint8_t b;
-        uint8_t a;
-    };
-
     /*
      * Provides a list of supported capabilities (as described in the
      * definition of Capability above). This list must not change after
@@ -269,898 +64,14 @@
     dumpDebugInfo() generates (string debugInfo);
 
     /*
-     * Provides a IComposerCallback object for the device to call.
+     * Creates a client of the composer. All resources created by the client
+     * are owned by the client and are only visible to the client.
      *
-     * @param callback is the IComposerCallback object.
-     */
-    registerCallback(IComposerCallback callback);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the maximum number of virtual displays supported by this device
-     * (which may be 0). The client will not attempt to create more than this
-     * many virtual displays on this device. This number must not change for
-     * the lifetime of the device.
-     */
-    getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() generates (uint32_t count);
-
-    /*
-     * Creates a new virtual display with the given width and height. The
-     * format passed into this function is the default format requested by the
-     * consumer of the virtual display output buffers.
-     *
-     * The display will be assumed to be on from the time the first frame is
-     * presented until the display is destroyed.
-     *
-     * @param width is the width in pixels.
-     * @param height is the height in pixels.
-     * @param formatHint is the default output buffer format selected by
-     *        the consumer.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when the width or height is too large for the
-     *                     device to be able to create a virtual display.
-     *         NO_RESOURCES when the device is unable to create a new virtual
-     *                      display at this time.
-     * @return display is the newly-created virtual display.
-     * @return format is the format of the buffer the device will produce.
-     */
-    createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width,
-                         uint32_t height,
-                         PixelFormat formatHint)
-              generates (Error error,
-                         Display display,
-                         PixelFormat format);
-
-    /*
-     * Destroys a virtual display. After this call all resources consumed by
-     * this display may be freed by the device and any operations performed on
-     * this display should fail.
-     *
-     * @param display is the virtual display to destroy.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when the display handle which was passed in does
-     *                       not refer to a virtual display.
-     */
-    destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Accepts the changes required by the device from the previous
-     * validateDisplay call (which may be queried using
-     * getChangedCompositionTypes) and revalidates the display. This function
-     * is equivalent to requesting the changed types from
-     * getChangedCompositionTypes, setting those types on the corresponding
-     * layers, and then calling validateDisplay again.
-     *
-     * After this call it must be valid to present this display. Calling this
-     * after validateDisplay returns 0 changes must succeed with NONE, but
-     * should have no other effect.
+     * There can only be one client at any time.
      *
      * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         NOT_VALIDATED when validateDisplay has not been called.
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when no more client can be created currently.
+     * @return client is the newly created client.
      */
-    acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Creates a new layer on the given display.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which to create the layer.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         NO_RESOURCES when the device was unable to create a layer this
-     *                      time.
-     * @return layer is the handle of the new layer.
-     */
-    createLayer(Display display) generates (Error error, Layer layer);
-
-    /*
-     * Destroys the given layer.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to destroy.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Retrieves which display configuration is currently active.
-     *
-     * If no display configuration is currently active, this function must
-     * return BAD_CONFIG. It is the responsibility of the client to call
-     * setActiveConfig with a valid configuration before attempting to present
-     * anything on the display.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the active config is queried.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_CONFIG when no configuration is currently active.
-     * @return config is the currently active display configuration.
-     */
-    getActiveConfig(Display display) generates (Error error, Config config);
-
-    /*
-     * Retrieves the layers for which the device requires a different
-     * composition type than had been set prior to the last call to
-     * validateDisplay. The client will either update its state with these
-     * types and call acceptDisplayChanges, or will set new types and attempt
-     * to validate the display again.
-     *
-     * The number of changed layers must be the same as the value returned in
-     * numTypes from the last call to validateDisplay.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         NOT_VALIDATED when validateDisplay has not been called.
-     * @return layers is an array of layer handles.
-     * @return types is an array of composition types, each corresponding to
-     *         an element of layers.
-     */
-    getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display)
-                    generates (Error error,
-                               vec<Layer> layers,
-                               vec<Composition> types);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns whether a client target with the given properties can be
-     * handled by the device.
-     *
-     * This function must return true for a client target with width and
-     * height equal to the active display configuration dimensions,
-     * PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, and Dataspace::UNKNOWN. It is not required to
-     * return true for any other configuration.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @param width is the client target width in pixels.
-     * @param height is the client target height in pixels.
-     * @param format is the client target format.
-     * @param dataspace is the client target dataspace, as described in
-     *        setLayerDataspace.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when the given configuration is not supported.
-     */
-    getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
-                           uint32_t width,
-                           uint32_t height,
-                           PixelFormat format,
-                           Dataspace dataspace)
-                generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the color modes supported on this display.
-     *
-     * All devices must support at least ColorMode::NATIVE.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return modes is an array of color modes.
-     */
-    getColorModes(Display display)
-       generates (Error error,
-                  vec<ColorMode> modes);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns a display attribute value for a particular display
-     * configuration.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @param config is the display configuration for which to return
-     *        attribute values.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_CONFIG when config does not name a valid configuration for
-     *                    this display.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when attribute is unrecognized.
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when attribute cannot be queried for the config.
-     * @return value is the value of the attribute.
-     */
-    getDisplayAttribute(Display display,
-                        Config config,
-                        Attribute attribute)
-             generates (Error error,
-                        int32_t value);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns handles for all of the valid display configurations on this
-     * display.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return configs is an array of configuration handles.
-     */
-    getDisplayConfigs(Display display)
-           generates (Error error,
-                      vec<Config> configs);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns a human-readable version of the display's name.
-     *
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return name is the name of the display.
-     */
-    getDisplayName(Display display) generates (Error error, string name);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the display requests and the layer requests required for the
-     * last validated configuration.
-     *
-     * Display requests provide information about how the client should handle
-     * the client target. Layer requests provide information about how the
-     * client should handle an individual layer.
-     *
-     * The number of layer requests must be equal to the value returned in
-     * numRequests from the last call to validateDisplay.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         NOT_VALIDATED when validateDisplay has not been called.
-     * @return displayRequestMask is the display requests for the current
-     *         validated state.
-     * @return layers is an array of layers which all have at least one
-     *         request.
-     * @return layerRequestMasks is the requests corresponding to each element
-     *         of layers.
-     */
-    getDisplayRequests(Display display)
-            generates (Error error,
-                       uint32_t displayRequestMask,
-                       vec<Layer> layers,
-                       vec<uint32_t> layerRequestMasks);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns whether the given display is a physical or virtual display.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return type is the type of the display.
-     */
-    getDisplayType(Display display) generates (Error error, DisplayType type);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns whether the given display supports PowerMode::DOZE and
-     * PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND. DOZE_SUSPEND may not provide any benefit over
-     * DOZE (see the definition of PowerMode for more information), but if
-     * both DOZE and DOZE_SUSPEND are no different from PowerMode::ON, the
-     * device should not claim support.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return support is true only when the display supports doze modes.
-     */
-    getDozeSupport(Display display) generates (Error error, bool support);
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the high dynamic range (HDR) capabilities of the given display,
-     * which are invariant with regard to the active configuration.
-     *
-     * Displays which are not HDR-capable must return no types.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return types is an array of HDR types, may have 0 elements if the
-     *         display is not HDR-capable.
-     * @return maxLuminance is the desired content maximum luminance for this
-     *         display in cd/m^2.
-     * @return maxAverageLuminance - the desired content maximum frame-average
-     *         luminance for this display in cd/m^2.
-     * @return minLuminance is the desired content minimum luminance for this
-     *         display in cd/m^2.
-     */
-    getHdrCapabilities(Display display)
-            generates (Error error,
-                       vec<Hdr> types,
-                       float maxLuminance,
-                       float maxAverageLuminance,
-                       float minLuminance);
-
-    /*
-     * Retrieves the release fences for device layers on this display which
-     * will receive new buffer contents this frame.
-     *
-     * A release fence is a file descriptor referring to a sync fence object
-     * which will be signaled after the device has finished reading from the
-     * buffer presented in the prior frame. This indicates that it is safe to
-     * start writing to the buffer again. If a given layer's fence is not
-     * returned from this function, it will be assumed that the buffer
-     * presented on the previous frame is ready to be written.
-     *
-     * The fences returned by this function should be unique for each layer
-     * (even if they point to the same underlying sync object).
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to query.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return layers is an array of layer handles.
-     * @return fences is handle that contains an array of sync fence file
-     *         descriptors as described above, each corresponding to an
-     *         element of layers.
-     */
-    getReleaseFences(Display display)
-          generates (Error error,
-                     vec<Layer> layers,
-                     handle releaseFences);
-
-    /*
-     * Presents the current display contents on the screen (or in the case of
-     * virtual displays, into the output buffer).
-     *
-     * Prior to calling this function, the display must be successfully
-     * validated with validateDisplay. Note that setLayerBuffer and
-     * setLayerSurfaceDamage specifically do not count as layer state, so if
-     * there are no other changes to the layer state (or to the buffer's
-     * properties as described in setLayerBuffer), then it is safe to call
-     * this function without first validating the display.
-     *
-     * If this call succeeds, presentFence will be populated with a file
-     * descriptor referring to a present sync fence object. For physical
-     * displays, this fence will be signaled at the vsync when the result of
-     * composition of this frame starts to appear (for video-mode panels) or
-     * starts to transfer to panel memory (for command-mode panels). For
-     * virtual displays, this fence will be signaled when writes to the output
-     * buffer have completed and it is safe to read from it.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to present.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         NO_RESOURCES when no valid output buffer has been set for a
-     *                      virtual display.
-     *         NOT_VALIDATED when validateDisplay has not successfully been
-     *                       called for this display.
-     * @return presentFence is a sync fence file descriptor as described
-     *         above.
-     */
-    presentDisplay(Display display)
-        generates (Error error,
-                   handle presentFence);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the active configuration for this display. Upon returning, the
-     * given display configuration should be active and remain so until either
-     * this function is called again or the display is disconnected.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the active config is set.
-     * @param config is the new display configuration.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_CONFIG when the configuration handle passed in is not valid
-     *                    for this display.
-     */
-    setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the buffer handle which will receive the output of client
-     * composition.  Layers marked as Composition::CLIENT will be composited
-     * into this buffer prior to the call to presentDisplay, and layers not
-     * marked as Composition::CLIENT should be composited with this buffer by
-     * the device.
-     *
-     * The buffer handle provided may be empty if no layers are being
-     * composited by the client. This must not result in an error (unless an
-     * invalid display handle is also provided).
-     *
-     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to an acquire sync fence
-     * object, which will be signaled when it is safe to read from the client
-     * target buffer.  If it is already safe to read from this buffer, an
-     * empty handle may be passed instead.
-     *
-     * For more about dataspaces, see setLayerDataspace.
-     *
-     * The damage parameter describes a surface damage region as defined in
-     * the description of setLayerSurfaceDamage.
-     *
-     * Will be called before presentDisplay if any of the layers are marked as
-     * Composition::CLIENT. If no layers are so marked, then it is not
-     * necessary to call this function. It is not necessary to call
-     * validateDisplay after changing the target through this function.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the client target is set.
-     * @param target is the new target buffer.
-     * @param acquireFence is a sync fence file descriptor as described above.
-     * @param dataspace is the dataspace of the buffer, as described in
-     *        setLayerDataspace.
-     * @param damage is the surface damage region.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when the new target handle was invalid.
-     */
-    setClientTarget(Display display,
-                    handle target,
-                    handle acquireFence,
-                    Dataspace dataspace,
-                    vec<Rect> damage)
-         generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the color mode of the given display.
-     *
-     * Upon returning from this function, the color mode change must have
-     * fully taken effect.
-     *
-     * All devices must support at least ColorMode::NATIVE, and displays are
-     * assumed to be in this mode upon hotplug.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the color mode is set.
-     * @param mode is the mode to set to.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when mode is not a valid color mode.
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when mode is not supported on this display.
-     */
-    setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets a color transform which will be applied after composition.
-     *
-     * If hint is not ColorTransform::ARBITRARY, then the device may use the
-     * hint to apply the desired color transform instead of using the color
-     * matrix directly.
-     *
-     * If the device is not capable of either using the hint or the matrix to
-     * apply the desired color transform, it should force all layers to client
-     * composition during validateDisplay.
-     *
-     * If Capability::SKIP_CLIENT_COLOR_TRANSFORM is present, then the client
-     * will never apply the color transform during client composition, even if
-     * all layers are being composed by the client.
-     *
-     * The matrix provided is an affine color transformation of the following
-     * form:
-     *
-     * |r.r r.g r.b 0|
-     * |g.r g.g g.b 0|
-     * |b.r b.g b.b 0|
-     * |Tr  Tg  Tb  1|
-     *
-     * This matrix will be provided in row-major form:
-     *
-     * {r.r, r.g, r.b, 0, g.r, ...}.
-     *
-     * Given a matrix of this form and an input color [R_in, G_in, B_in], the
-     * output color [R_out, G_out, B_out] will be:
-     *
-     * R_out = R_in * r.r + G_in * g.r + B_in * b.r + Tr
-     * G_out = R_in * r.g + G_in * g.g + B_in * b.g + Tg
-     * B_out = R_in * r.b + G_in * g.b + B_in * b.b + Tb
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the color transform is set.
-     * @param matrix is a 4x4 transform matrix (16 floats) as described above.
-     * @param hint is a hint value which may be used instead of the given
-     *        matrix unless it is ColorTransform::ARBITRARY.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when hint is not a valid color transform hint.
-     */
-    setColorTransform(Display display,
-                      vec<float> matrix,
-                      ColorTransform hint)
-           generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the output buffer for a virtual display. That is, the buffer to
-     * which the composition result will be written.
-     *
-     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to a release sync fence
-     * object, which will be signaled when it is safe to write to the output
-     * buffer. If it is already safe to write to the output buffer, an empty
-     * handle may be passed instead.
-     *
-     * Must be called at least once before presentDisplay, but does not have
-     * any interaction with layer state or display validation.
-     *
-     * @param display is the virtual display to which the output buffer is
-     *        set.
-     * @param buffer is the new output buffer.
-     * @param releaseFence is a sync fence file descriptor as described above.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when the new output buffer handle was invalid.
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when display does not refer to a virtual display.
-     */
-    setOutputBuffer(Display display,
-                    handle buffer,
-                    handle releaseFence)
-         generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the power mode of the given display. The transition must be
-     * complete when this function returns. It is valid to call this function
-     * multiple times with the same power mode.
-     *
-     * All displays must support PowerMode::ON and PowerMode::OFF.  Whether a
-     * display supports PowerMode::DOZE or PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND may be
-     * queried using getDozeSupport.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the power mode is set.
-     * @param mode is the new power mode.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when mode was not a valid power mode.
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when mode is not supported on this display.
-     */
-    setPowerMode(Display display, PowerMode mode) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Enables or disables the vsync signal for the given display. Virtual
-     * displays never generate vsync callbacks, and any attempt to enable
-     * vsync for a virtual display though this function must succeed and have
-     * no other effect.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to which the vsync mode is set.
-     * @param enabled indicates whether to enable or disable vsync
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when enabled was an invalid value.
-     */
-    setVsyncEnabled(Display display, Vsync enabled) generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Instructs the device to inspect all of the layer state and determine if
-     * there are any composition type changes necessary before presenting the
-     * display. Permitted changes are described in the definition of
-     * Composition above.
-     *
-     * Also returns the number of layer requests required by the given layer
-     * configuration.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display to validate.
-     * @return error is NONE or HAS_CHANGES upon success.
-     *         NONE when no changes are necessary and it is safe to present
-     *              the display using the current layer state.
-     *         HAS_CHANGES when composition type changes are needed.
-     *         Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     * @return numTypes is the number of composition type changes required by
-     *         the device; if greater than 0, the client must either set and
-     *         validate new types, or call acceptDisplayChanges to accept the
-     *         changes returned by getChangedCompositionTypes. It must be the
-     *         same as the number of changes returned by
-     *         getChangedCompositionTypes (see the declaration of that
-     *         function for more information).
-     * @return numRequests is the number of layer requests required by this
-     *         layer configuration. It must be equal to the number of layer
-     *         requests returned by getDisplayRequests (see the declaration of
-     *         that function for more information).
-     */
-    validateDisplay(Display display)
-         generates (Error error,
-                    uint32_t numTypes,
-                    uint32_t numRequests);
-
-    /*
-     * Layer Functions
-     *
-     * These are functions which operate on layers, but which do not modify
-     * state that must be validated before use. See also 'Layer State
-     * Functions' below.
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * Asynchronously sets the position of a cursor layer.
-     *
-     * Prior to validateDisplay, a layer may be marked as Composition::CURSOR.
-     * If validation succeeds (i.e., the device does not request a composition
-     * change for that layer), then once a buffer has been set for the layer
-     * and it has been presented, its position may be set by this function at
-     * any time between presentDisplay and any subsequent validateDisplay
-     * calls for this display.
-     *
-     * Once validateDisplay is called, this function will not be called again
-     * until the validate/present sequence is completed.
-     *
-     * May be called from any thread so long as it is not interleaved with the
-     * validate/present sequence as described above.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the position is set.
-     * @param x is the new x coordinate (in pixels from the left of the
-     *        screen).
-     * @param y is the new y coordinate (in pixels from the top of the
-     *        screen).
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when the layer is invalid or is not currently marked
-     *                   as Composition::CURSOR.
-     *         NOT_VALIDATED when the device is currently in the middle of the
-     *                       validate/present sequence.
-     */
-    setCursorPosition(Display display,
-                      Layer layer,
-                      int32_t x,
-                      int32_t y)
-           generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the buffer handle to be displayed for this layer. If the buffer
-     * properties set at allocation time (width, height, format, and usage)
-     * have not changed since the previous frame, it is not necessary to call
-     * validateDisplay before calling presentDisplay unless new state needs to
-     * be validated in the interim.
-     *
-     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to an acquire sync fence
-     * object, which will be signaled when it is safe to read from the given
-     * buffer. If it is already safe to read from the buffer, an empty handle
-     * may be passed instead.
-     *
-     * This function must return NONE and have no other effect if called for a
-     * layer with a composition type of Composition::SOLID_COLOR (because it
-     * has no buffer) or Composition::SIDEBAND or Composition::CLIENT (because
-     * synchronization and buffer updates for these layers are handled
-     * elsewhere).
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the buffer is set.
-     * @param buffer is the buffer handle to set.
-     * @param acquireFence is a sync fence file descriptor as described above.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when the buffer handle passed in was invalid.
-     */
-    setLayerBuffer(Display display,
-                   Layer layer,
-                   handle buffer,
-                   handle acquireFence)
-        generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Provides the region of the source buffer which has been modified since
-     * the last frame. This region does not need to be validated before
-     * calling presentDisplay.
-     *
-     * Once set through this function, the damage region remains the same
-     * until a subsequent call to this function.
-     *
-     * If damage is non-empty, then it may be assumed that any portion of the
-     * source buffer not covered by one of the rects has not been modified
-     * this frame. If damage is empty, then the whole source buffer must be
-     * treated as if it has been modified.
-     *
-     * If the layer's contents are not modified relative to the prior frame,
-     * damage will contain exactly one empty rect([0, 0, 0, 0]).
-     *
-     * The damage rects are relative to the pre-transformed buffer, and their
-     * origin is the top-left corner. They will not exceed the dimensions of
-     * the latched buffer.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the damage region is set.
-     * @param damage is the new surface damage region.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display,
-                          Layer layer,
-                          vec<Rect> damage)
-               generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Layer State Functions
-     *
-     * These functions modify the state of a given layer. They do not take
-     * effect until the display configuration is successfully validated with
-     * validateDisplay and the display contents are presented with
-     * presentDisplay.
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the blend mode of the given layer.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the blend mode is set.
-     * @param mode is the new blend mode.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when an invalid blend mode was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerBlendMode(Display display,
-                      Layer layer,
-                      BlendMode mode)
-           generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the color of the given layer. If the composition type of the layer
-     * is not Composition::SOLID_COLOR, this call must succeed and have no
-     * other effect.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the blend mode is set.
-     * @param color is the new color.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerColor(Display display,
-                  Layer layer,
-                  Color color)
-       generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the desired composition type of the given layer. During
-     * validateDisplay, the device may request changes to the composition
-     * types of any of the layers as described in the definition of
-     * Composition above.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the blend mode is set.
-     * @param type is the new composition type.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when an invalid composition type was passed in.
-     *         UNSUPPORTED when a valid composition type was passed in, but it
-     *                     is not supported by this device.
-     */
-    setLayerCompositionType(Display display,
-                            Layer layer,
-                            Composition type)
-                 generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the dataspace that the current buffer on this layer is in.
-     *
-     * The dataspace provides more information about how to interpret the
-     * buffer contents, such as the encoding standard and color transform.
-     *
-     * See the values of Dataspace for more information.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the dataspace is set.
-     * @param dataspace is the new dataspace.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerDataspace(Display display,
-                      Layer layer,
-                      Dataspace dataspace)
-           generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the display frame (the portion of the display covered by a layer)
-     * of the given layer. This frame will not exceed the display dimensions.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the frame is set.
-     * @param frame is the new display frame.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display,
-                         Layer layer,
-                         Rect frame)
-              generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets an alpha value (a floating point value in the range [0.0, 1.0])
-     * which will be applied to the whole layer. It can be conceptualized as a
-     * preprocessing step which applies the following function:
-     *   if (blendMode == BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED)
-     *       out.rgb = in.rgb * planeAlpha
-     *   out.a = in.a * planeAlpha
-     *
-     * If the device does not support this operation on a layer which is
-     * marked Composition::DEVICE, it must request a composition type change
-     * to Composition::CLIENT upon the next validateDisplay call.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the plane alpha is set.
-     * @param alpha is the plane alpha value to apply.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display,
-                       Layer layer,
-                       float alpha)
-            generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the sideband stream for this layer. If the composition type of the
-     * given layer is not Composition::SIDEBAND, this call must succeed and
-     * have no other effect.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the sideband stream is set.
-     * @param stream is the new sideband stream.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when an invalid sideband stream was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerSidebandStream(Display display,
-                           Layer layer,
-                           handle stream)
-                generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the source crop (the portion of the source buffer which will fill
-     * the display frame) of the given layer. This crop rectangle will not
-     * exceed the dimensions of the latched buffer.
-     *
-     * If the device is not capable of supporting a true float source crop
-     * (i.e., it will truncate or round the floats to integers), it should set
-     * this layer to Composition::CLIENT when crop is non-integral for the
-     * most accurate rendering.
-     *
-     * If the device cannot support float source crops, but still wants to
-     * handle the layer, it should use the following code (or similar) to
-     * convert to an integer crop:
-     *   intCrop.left = (int) ceilf(crop.left);
-     *   intCrop.top = (int) ceilf(crop.top);
-     *   intCrop.right = (int) floorf(crop.right);
-     *   intCrop.bottom = (int) floorf(crop.bottom);
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the source crop is set.
-     * @param crop is the new source crop.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerSourceCrop(Display display,
-                       Layer layer,
-                       FRect crop)
-            generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the transform (rotation/flip) of the given layer.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the transform is set.
-     * @param transform is the new transform.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_PARAMETER when an invalid transform was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerTransform(Display display,
-                      Layer layer,
-                      Transform transform)
-           generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Specifies the portion of the layer that is visible, including portions
-     * under translucent areas of other layers. The region is in screen space,
-     * and will not exceed the dimensions of the screen.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the visible region is set.
-     * @param visible is the new visible region, in screen space.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display,
-                          Layer layer,
-                          vec<Rect> visible)
-               generates (Error error);
-
-    /*
-     * Sets the desired Z order (height) of the given layer. A layer with a
-     * greater Z value occludes a layer with a lesser Z value.
-     *
-     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
-     * @param layer is the layer to which the Z order is set.
-     * @param z is the new Z order.
-     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
-     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
-     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
-     */
-    setLayerZOrder(Display display,
-                   Layer layer,
-                   uint32_t z)
-        generates (Error error);
+    createClient() generates (Error error, IComposerClient client);
 };
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerClient.hal b/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerClient.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a82215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposerClient.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,1118 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1;
+
+import android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0;
+import IComposerCallback;
+
+interface IComposerClient {
+    /* Display attributes queryable through getDisplayAttribute. */
+    enum Attribute : int32_t {
+        INVALID = 0,
+
+        /* Dimensions in pixels */
+        WIDTH = 1,
+        HEIGHT = 2,
+
+        /* Vsync period in nanoseconds */
+        VSYNC_PERIOD = 3,
+
+        /*
+         * Dots per thousand inches (DPI * 1000). Scaling by 1000 allows these
+         * numbers to be stored in an int32_t without losing too much
+         * precision. If the DPI for a configuration is unavailable or is
+         * considered unreliable, the device may return UNSUPPORTED instead.
+         */
+        DPI_X = 4,
+        DPI_Y = 5,
+    };
+
+    /* Display requests returned by getDisplayRequests. */
+    enum DisplayRequest : uint32_t {
+        /*
+         * Instructs the client to provide a new client target buffer, even if
+         * no layers are marked for client composition.
+         */
+        FLIP_CLIENT_TARGET = 1 << 0,
+
+        /*
+         * Instructs the client to write the result of client composition
+         * directly into the virtual display output buffer. If any of the
+         * layers are not marked as Composition::CLIENT or the given display
+         * is not a virtual display, this request has no effect.
+         */
+        WRITE_CLIENT_TARGET_TO_OUTPUT = 1 << 1,
+    };
+
+    /* Layer requests returned from getDisplayRequests. */
+    enum LayerRequest : uint32_t {
+        /*
+         * The client must clear its target with transparent pixels where
+         * this layer would be. The client may ignore this request if the
+         * layer must be blended.
+         */
+        CLEAR_CLIENT_TARGET = 1 << 0,
+    };
+
+    /* Power modes for use with setPowerMode. */
+    enum PowerMode : int32_t {
+        /* The display is fully off (blanked). */
+        OFF = 0,
+
+        /*
+         * These are optional low power modes. getDozeSupport may be called to
+         * determine whether a given display supports these modes.
+         */
+
+        /*
+         * The display is turned on and configured in a low power state that
+         * is suitable for presenting ambient information to the user,
+         * possibly with lower fidelity than ON, but with greater efficiency.
+         */
+        DOZE = 1,
+
+        /*
+         * The display is configured as in DOZE but may stop applying display
+         * updates from the client. This is effectively a hint to the device
+         * that drawing to the display has been suspended and that the the
+         * device must remain on in a low power state and continue
+         * displaying its current contents indefinitely until the power mode
+         * changes.
+         *
+         * This mode may also be used as a signal to enable hardware-based
+         * doze functionality. In this case, the device is free to take over
+         * the display and manage it autonomously to implement a low power
+         * always-on display.
+         */
+        DOZE_SUSPEND = 3,
+
+        /* The display is fully on. */
+        ON = 2,
+    };
+
+    /* Vsync values passed to setVsyncEnabled. */
+    enum Vsync : int32_t {
+        INVALID = 0,
+
+        /* Enable vsync. */
+        ENABLE = 1,
+
+        /* Disable vsync. */
+        DISABLE = 2,
+    };
+
+    /* Blend modes, settable per layer. */
+    enum BlendMode : int32_t {
+        INVALID = 0,
+
+        /* colorOut = colorSrc */
+        NONE = 1,
+
+        /* colorOut = colorSrc + colorDst * (1 - alphaSrc) */
+        PREMULTIPLIED = 2,
+
+        /* colorOut = colorSrc * alphaSrc + colorDst * (1 - alphaSrc) */
+        COVERAGE = 3,
+    };
+
+    /* Possible composition types for a given layer. */
+    enum Composition : int32_t {
+        INVALID = 0,
+
+        /*
+         * The client must composite this layer into the client target buffer
+         * (provided to the device through setClientTarget).
+         *
+         * The device must not request any composition type changes for layers
+         * of this type.
+         */
+        CLIENT = 1,
+
+        /*
+         * The device must handle the composition of this layer through a
+         * hardware overlay or other similar means.
+         *
+         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
+         * type to CLIENT.
+         */
+        DEVICE = 2,
+
+        /*
+         * The device must render this layer using the color set through
+         * setLayerColor. If this functionality is not supported on a layer
+         * that the client sets to SOLID_COLOR, the device must request that
+         * the composition type of that layer is changed to CLIENT upon the
+         * next call to validateDisplay.
+         *
+         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
+         * type to CLIENT.
+         */
+        SOLID_COLOR = 3,
+
+        /*
+         * Similar to DEVICE, but the position of this layer may also be set
+         * asynchronously through setCursorPosition. If this functionality is
+         * not supported on a layer that the client sets to CURSOR, the device
+         * must request that the composition type of that layer is changed to
+         * CLIENT upon the next call to validateDisplay.
+         *
+         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
+         * type to either DEVICE or CLIENT.  Changing to DEVICE will prevent
+         * the use of setCursorPosition but still permit the device to
+         * composite the layer.
+         */
+        CURSOR = 4,
+
+        /*
+         * The device must handle the composition of this layer, as well as
+         * its buffer updates and content synchronization. Only supported on
+         * devices which provide Capability::SIDEBAND_STREAM.
+         *
+         * Upon validateDisplay, the device may request a change from this
+         * type to either DEVICE or CLIENT, but it is unlikely that content
+         * will display correctly in these cases.
+         */
+        SIDEBAND = 5,
+    };
+
+    /* Display types returned by getDisplayType. */
+    enum DisplayType : int32_t {
+        INVALID = 0,
+
+        /*
+         * All physical displays, including both internal displays and
+         * hotpluggable external displays.
+         */
+        PHYSICAL = 1,
+
+        /* Virtual displays created by createVirtualDisplay. */
+        VIRTUAL = 2,
+    };
+
+    /* Special index values (always negative) for command queue commands. */
+    enum HandleIndex : int32_t {
+        /* No handle */
+        EMPTY = -1,
+
+        /* Use cached handle */
+        CACHED = -2,
+    };
+
+    struct Rect {
+        int32_t left;
+        int32_t top;
+        int32_t right;
+        int32_t bottom;
+    };
+
+    struct FRect {
+        float left;
+        float top;
+        float right;
+        float bottom;
+    };
+
+    struct Color {
+        uint8_t r;
+        uint8_t g;
+        uint8_t b;
+        uint8_t a;
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * Provides a IComposerCallback object for the device to call.
+     *
+     * This function must be called only once.
+     *
+     * @param callback is the IComposerCallback object.
+     */
+    registerCallback(IComposerCallback callback);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the maximum number of virtual displays supported by this device
+     * (which may be 0). The client must not attempt to create more than this
+     * many virtual displays on this device. This number must not change for
+     * the lifetime of the device.
+     *
+     * @return count is the maximum number of virtual displays supported.
+     */
+    getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() generates (uint32_t count);
+
+    /*
+     * Creates a new virtual display with the given width and height. The
+     * format passed into this function is the default format requested by the
+     * consumer of the virtual display output buffers.
+     *
+     * The display must be assumed to be on from the time the first frame is
+     * presented until the display is destroyed.
+     *
+     * @param width is the width in pixels.
+     * @param height is the height in pixels.
+     * @param formatHint is the default output buffer format selected by
+     *        the consumer.
+     * @param outputBufferSlotCount is the number of output buffer slots to be
+     *        reserved.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         UNSUPPORTED when the width or height is too large for the
+     *                     device to be able to create a virtual display.
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when the device is unable to create a new virtual
+     *                      display at this time.
+     * @return display is the newly-created virtual display.
+     * @return format is the format of the buffer the device will produce.
+     */
+    createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width,
+                         uint32_t height,
+                         PixelFormat formatHint,
+                         uint32_t outputBufferSlotCount)
+              generates (Error error,
+                         Display display,
+                         PixelFormat format);
+
+    /*
+     * Destroys a virtual display. After this call all resources consumed by
+     * this display may be freed by the device and any operations performed on
+     * this display must fail.
+     *
+     * @param display is the virtual display to destroy.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_PARAMETER when the display handle which was passed in does
+     *                       not refer to a virtual display.
+     */
+    destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Creates a new layer on the given display.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display on which to create the layer.
+     * @param bufferSlotCount is the number of buffer slot to be reserved.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when the device was unable to create a layer this
+     *                      time.
+     * @return layer is the handle of the new layer.
+     */
+    createLayer(Display display,
+                uint32_t bufferSlotCount)
+     generates (Error error,
+                Layer layer);
+
+    /*
+     * Destroys the given layer.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display on which the layer was created.
+     * @param layer is the layer to destroy.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_LAYER when an invalid layer handle was passed in.
+     */
+    destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Retrieves which display configuration is currently active.
+     *
+     * If no display configuration is currently active, this function must
+     * return BAD_CONFIG. It is the responsibility of the client to call
+     * setActiveConfig with a valid configuration before attempting to present
+     * anything on the display.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to which the active config is queried.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_CONFIG when no configuration is currently active.
+     * @return config is the currently active display configuration.
+     */
+    getActiveConfig(Display display) generates (Error error, Config config);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns whether a client target with the given properties can be
+     * handled by the device.
+     *
+     * This function must return true for a client target with width and
+     * height equal to the active display configuration dimensions,
+     * PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, and Dataspace::UNKNOWN. It is not required to
+     * return true for any other configuration.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @param width is the client target width in pixels.
+     * @param height is the client target height in pixels.
+     * @param format is the client target format.
+     * @param dataspace is the client target dataspace, as described in
+     *        setLayerDataspace.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         UNSUPPORTED when the given configuration is not supported.
+     */
+    getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
+                           uint32_t width,
+                           uint32_t height,
+                           PixelFormat format,
+                           Dataspace dataspace)
+                generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the color modes supported on this display.
+     *
+     * All devices must support at least ColorMode::NATIVE.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     * @return modes is an array of color modes.
+     */
+    getColorModes(Display display)
+       generates (Error error,
+                  vec<ColorMode> modes);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns a display attribute value for a particular display
+     * configuration.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @param config is the display configuration for which to return
+     *        attribute values.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_CONFIG when config does not name a valid configuration for
+     *                    this display.
+     *         BAD_PARAMETER when attribute is unrecognized.
+     *         UNSUPPORTED when attribute cannot be queried for the config.
+     * @return value is the value of the attribute.
+     */
+    getDisplayAttribute(Display display,
+                        Config config,
+                        Attribute attribute)
+             generates (Error error,
+                        int32_t value);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns handles for all of the valid display configurations on this
+     * display.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     * @return configs is an array of configuration handles.
+     */
+    getDisplayConfigs(Display display)
+           generates (Error error,
+                      vec<Config> configs);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns a human-readable version of the display's name.
+     *
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     * @return name is the name of the display.
+     */
+    getDisplayName(Display display) generates (Error error, string name);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns whether the given display is a physical or virtual display.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     * @return type is the type of the display.
+     */
+    getDisplayType(Display display) generates (Error error, DisplayType type);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns whether the given display supports PowerMode::DOZE and
+     * PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND. DOZE_SUSPEND may not provide any benefit over
+     * DOZE (see the definition of PowerMode for more information), but if
+     * both DOZE and DOZE_SUSPEND are no different from PowerMode::ON, the
+     * device must not claim support.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     * @return support is true only when the display supports doze modes.
+     */
+    getDozeSupport(Display display) generates (Error error, bool support);
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the high dynamic range (HDR) capabilities of the given display,
+     * which are invariant with regard to the active configuration.
+     *
+     * Displays which are not HDR-capable must return no types.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to query.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     * @return types is an array of HDR types, may have 0 elements if the
+     *         display is not HDR-capable.
+     * @return maxLuminance is the desired content maximum luminance for this
+     *         display in cd/m^2.
+     * @return maxAverageLuminance - the desired content maximum frame-average
+     *         luminance for this display in cd/m^2.
+     * @return minLuminance is the desired content minimum luminance for this
+     *         display in cd/m^2.
+     */
+    getHdrCapabilities(Display display)
+            generates (Error error,
+                       vec<Hdr> types,
+                       float maxLuminance,
+                       float maxAverageLuminance,
+                       float minLuminance);
+
+    /*
+     * Set the number of client target slots to be reserved.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to which the slots are reserved.
+     * @param clientTargetSlotCount is the slot count for client targets.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when unable to reserve the slots.
+     */
+    setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display,
+                             uint32_t clientTargetSlotCount)
+                  generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Sets the active configuration for this display. Upon returning, the
+     * given display configuration must be active and remain so until either
+     * this function is called again or the display is disconnected.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to which the active config is set.
+     * @param config is the new display configuration.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_CONFIG when the configuration handle passed in is not valid
+     *                    for this display.
+     */
+    setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Sets the color mode of the given display.
+     *
+     * Upon returning from this function, the color mode change must have
+     * fully taken effect.
+     *
+     * All devices must support at least ColorMode::NATIVE, and displays are
+     * assumed to be in this mode upon hotplug.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to which the color mode is set.
+     * @param mode is the mode to set to.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_PARAMETER when mode is not a valid color mode.
+     *         UNSUPPORTED when mode is not supported on this display.
+     */
+    setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode) generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Sets the power mode of the given display. The transition must be
+     * complete when this function returns. It is valid to call this function
+     * multiple times with the same power mode.
+     *
+     * All displays must support PowerMode::ON and PowerMode::OFF.  Whether a
+     * display supports PowerMode::DOZE or PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND may be
+     * queried using getDozeSupport.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to which the power mode is set.
+     * @param mode is the new power mode.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_PARAMETER when mode was not a valid power mode.
+     *         UNSUPPORTED when mode is not supported on this display.
+     */
+    setPowerMode(Display display, PowerMode mode) generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Enables or disables the vsync signal for the given display. Virtual
+     * displays never generate vsync callbacks, and any attempt to enable
+     * vsync for a virtual display though this function must succeed and have
+     * no other effect.
+     *
+     * @param display is the display to which the vsync mode is set.
+     * @param enabled indicates whether to enable or disable vsync
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_DISPLAY when an invalid display handle was passed in.
+     *         BAD_PARAMETER when enabled was an invalid value.
+     */
+    setVsyncEnabled(Display display, Vsync enabled) generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Sets the input command message queue.
+     *
+     * @param descriptor is the descriptor of the input command message queue.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when failed to set the queue temporarily.
+     */
+    setInputCommandQueue(MQDescriptorSync descriptor)
+              generates (Error error);
+
+    /*
+     * Gets the output command message queue.
+     *
+     * This function must only be called inside executeCommands closure.
+     *
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when failed to get the queue temporarily.
+     * @return descriptor is the descriptor of the output command queue.
+     */
+    getOutputCommandQueue()
+              generates (Error error,
+                         MQDescriptorSync descriptor);
+
+    /*
+     * Executes commands from the input command message queue. Return values
+     * generated by the input commands are written to the output command
+     * message queue in the form of value commands.
+     *
+     * @param inLength is the length of input commands.
+     * @param inHandles is an array of handles referenced by the input
+     *        commands.
+     * @return error is NONE upon success. Otherwise,
+     *         BAD_PARAMETER when inLength is not equal to the length of
+     *                       commands in the input command message queue.
+     *         NO_RESOURCES when the output command message queue was not
+     *                      properly drained.
+     * @param outQueueChanged indicates whether the output command message
+     *        queue has changed.
+     * @param outLength is the length of output commands.
+     * @param outHandles is an array of handles referenced by the output
+     *        commands.
+     */
+    executeCommands(uint32_t inLength,
+                    vec<handle> inHandles)
+         generates (Error error,
+                    bool outQueueChanged,
+                    uint32_t outLength,
+                    vec<handle> outHandles);
+
+    /*
+     * SELECT_DISPLAY has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   selectDisplay(Display display);
+     *
+     * Selects the current display implied by all other commands.
+     *
+     * @param display is the newly selected display.
+     *
+     *
+     * SELECT_LAYER has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   selectLayer(Layer layer);
+     *
+     * Selects the current layer implied by all implicit layer commands.
+     *
+     * @param layer is the newly selected layer.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_ERROR has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setError(uint32_t location, Error error);
+     *
+     * Indicates an error generated by a command.
+     *
+     * @param location is the offset of the command in the input command
+     *        message queue.
+     * @param error is the error generated by the command.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setChangedCompositionTypes(vec<Layer> layers,
+     *                              vec<Composition> types);
+     *
+     * Sets the layers for which the device requires a different composition
+     * type than had been set prior to the last call to VALIDATE_DISPLAY. The
+     * client must either update its state with these types and call
+     * ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES, or must set new types and attempt to validate
+     * the display again.
+     *
+     * @param layers is an array of layer handles.
+     * @param types is an array of composition types, each corresponding to
+     *         an element of layers.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setDisplayRequests(uint32_t displayRequestMask,
+     *                      vec<Layer> layers,
+     *                      vec<uint32_t> layerRequestMasks);
+     *
+     * Sets the display requests and the layer requests required for the last
+     * validated configuration.
+     *
+     * Display requests provide information about how the client must handle
+     * the client target. Layer requests provide information about how the
+     * client must handle an individual layer.
+     *
+     * @param displayRequestMask is the display requests for the current
+     *        validated state.
+     * @param layers is an array of layers which all have at least one
+     *        request.
+     * @param layerRequestMasks is the requests corresponding to each element
+     *        of layers.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_PRESENT_FENCE has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setPresentFence(int32_t presentFenceIndex);
+     *
+     * Sets the present fence as a result of PRESENT_DISPLAY. For physical
+     * displays, this fence must be signaled at the vsync when the result
+     * of composition of this frame starts to appear (for video-mode panels)
+     * or starts to transfer to panel memory (for command-mode panels). For
+     * virtual displays, this fence must be signaled when writes to the output
+     * buffer have completed and it is safe to read from it.
+     *
+     * @param presentFenceIndex is an index into outHandles array.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_RELEASE_FENCES has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setReleaseFences(vec<Layer> layers,
+     *                    vec<int32_t> releaseFenceIndices);
+     *
+     * Sets the release fences for device layers on this display which will
+     * receive new buffer contents this frame.
+     *
+     * A release fence is a file descriptor referring to a sync fence object
+     * which must be signaled after the device has finished reading from the
+     * buffer presented in the prior frame. This indicates that it is safe to
+     * start writing to the buffer again. If a given layer's fence is not
+     * returned from this function, it must be assumed that the buffer
+     * presented on the previous frame is ready to be written.
+     *
+     * The fences returned by this function must be unique for each layer
+     * (even if they point to the same underlying sync object).
+     *
+     * @param layers is an array of layer handles.
+     * @param releaseFenceIndices are indices into outHandles array, each
+     *        corresponding to an element of layers.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setColorTransform(float[16] matrix,
+     *                     ColorTransform hint);
+     *
+     * Sets a color transform which will be applied after composition.
+     *
+     * If hint is not ColorTransform::ARBITRARY, then the device may use the
+     * hint to apply the desired color transform instead of using the color
+     * matrix directly.
+     *
+     * If the device is not capable of either using the hint or the matrix to
+     * apply the desired color transform, it must force all layers to client
+     * composition during VALIDATE_DISPLAY.
+     *
+     * If IComposer::Capability::SKIP_CLIENT_COLOR_TRANSFORM is present, then
+     * the client must never apply the color transform during client
+     * composition, even if all layers are being composed by the client.
+     *
+     * The matrix provided is an affine color transformation of the following
+     * form:
+     *
+     * |r.r r.g r.b 0|
+     * |g.r g.g g.b 0|
+     * |b.r b.g b.b 0|
+     * |Tr  Tg  Tb  1|
+     *
+     * This matrix must be provided in row-major form:
+     *
+     * {r.r, r.g, r.b, 0, g.r, ...}.
+     *
+     * Given a matrix of this form and an input color [R_in, G_in, B_in], the
+     * output color [R_out, G_out, B_out] will be:
+     *
+     * R_out = R_in * r.r + G_in * g.r + B_in * b.r + Tr
+     * G_out = R_in * r.g + G_in * g.g + B_in * b.g + Tg
+     * B_out = R_in * r.b + G_in * g.b + B_in * b.b + Tb
+     *
+     * @param matrix is a 4x4 transform matrix (16 floats) as described above.
+     * @param hint is a hint value which may be used instead of the given
+     *        matrix unless it is ColorTransform::ARBITRARY.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_CLIENT_TARGET has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setClientTarget(uint32_t targetSlot,
+     *                   int32_t targetIndex,
+     *                   int32_t acquireFenceIndex,
+     *                   Dataspace dataspace,
+     *                   vec<Rect> damage);
+     *
+     * Sets the buffer handle which will receive the output of client
+     * composition.  Layers marked as Composition::CLIENT must be composited
+     * into this buffer prior to the call to PRESENT_DISPLAY, and layers not
+     * marked as Composition::CLIENT must be composited with this buffer by
+     * the device.
+     *
+     * The buffer handle provided may be empty if no layers are being
+     * composited by the client. This must not result in an error (unless an
+     * invalid display handle is also provided).
+     *
+     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to an acquire sync fence
+     * object, which must be signaled when it is safe to read from the client
+     * target buffer.  If it is already safe to read from this buffer, an
+     * empty handle may be passed instead.
+     *
+     * For more about dataspaces, see SET_LAYER_DATASPACE.
+     *
+     * The damage parameter describes a surface damage region as defined in
+     * the description of SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE.
+     *
+     * Will be called before PRESENT_DISPLAY if any of the layers are marked
+     * as Composition::CLIENT. If no layers are so marked, then it is not
+     * necessary to call this function. It is not necessary to call
+     * validateDisplay after changing the target through this function.
+     *
+     * @param targetSlot is the client target buffer slot to use.
+     * @param targetIndex is an index into inHandles for the new target
+     *        buffer.
+     * @param acquireFenceIndex is an index into inHandles for a sync fence
+     *        file descriptor as described above.
+     * @param dataspace is the dataspace of the buffer, as described in
+     *        setLayerDataspace.
+     * @param damage is the surface damage region.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setOutputBuffer(uint32_t bufferSlot,
+     *                   int32_t bufferIndex,
+     *                   int32_t releaseFenceIndex);
+     *
+     * Sets the output buffer for a virtual display. That is, the buffer to
+     * which the composition result will be written.
+     *
+     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to a release sync fence
+     * object, which must be signaled when it is safe to write to the output
+     * buffer. If it is already safe to write to the output buffer, an empty
+     * handle may be passed instead.
+     *
+     * Must be called at least once before PRESENT_DISPLAY, but does not have
+     * any interaction with layer state or display validation.
+     *
+     * @param bufferSlot is the new output buffer.
+     * @param bufferIndex is the new output buffer.
+     * @param releaseFenceIndex is a sync fence file descriptor as described
+     *        above.
+     *
+     *
+     * VALIDATE_DISPLAY has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   validateDisplay();
+     *
+     * Instructs the device to inspect all of the layer state and determine if
+     * there are any composition type changes necessary before presenting the
+     * display. Permitted changes are described in the definition of
+     * Composition above.
+     *
+     *
+     * ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   acceptDisplayChanges();
+     *
+     * Accepts the changes required by the device from the previous
+     * validateDisplay call (which may be queried using
+     * getChangedCompositionTypes) and revalidates the display. This function
+     * is equivalent to requesting the changed types from
+     * getChangedCompositionTypes, setting those types on the corresponding
+     * layers, and then calling validateDisplay again.
+     *
+     * After this call it must be valid to present this display. Calling this
+     * after validateDisplay returns 0 changes must succeed with NONE, but
+     * must have no other effect.
+     *
+     *
+     * PRESENT_DISPLAY has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   presentDisplay();
+     *
+     * Presents the current display contents on the screen (or in the case of
+     * virtual displays, into the output buffer).
+     *
+     * Prior to calling this function, the display must be successfully
+     * validated with validateDisplay. Note that setLayerBuffer and
+     * setLayerSurfaceDamage specifically do not count as layer state, so if
+     * there are no other changes to the layer state (or to the buffer's
+     * properties as described in setLayerBuffer), then it is safe to call
+     * this function without first validating the display.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_CURSOR_POSITION has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerCursorPosition(int32_t x, int32_t y);
+     *
+     * Asynchronously sets the position of a cursor layer.
+     *
+     * Prior to validateDisplay, a layer may be marked as Composition::CURSOR.
+     * If validation succeeds (i.e., the device does not request a composition
+     * change for that layer), then once a buffer has been set for the layer
+     * and it has been presented, its position may be set by this function at
+     * any time between presentDisplay and any subsequent validateDisplay
+     * calls for this display.
+     *
+     * Once validateDisplay is called, this function must not be called again
+     * until the validate/present sequence is completed.
+     *
+     * May be called from any thread so long as it is not interleaved with the
+     * validate/present sequence as described above.
+     *
+     * @param layer is the layer to which the position is set.
+     * @param x is the new x coordinate (in pixels from the left of the
+     *        screen).
+     * @param y is the new y coordinate (in pixels from the top of the
+     *        screen).
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_BUFFER has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerBuffer(uint32_t bufferSlot,
+     *                  int32_t bufferIndex,
+     *                  int32_t acquireFenceIndex);
+     *
+     * Sets the buffer handle to be displayed for this layer. If the buffer
+     * properties set at allocation time (width, height, format, and usage)
+     * have not changed since the previous frame, it is not necessary to call
+     * validateDisplay before calling presentDisplay unless new state needs to
+     * be validated in the interim.
+     *
+     * Also provides a file descriptor referring to an acquire sync fence
+     * object, which must be signaled when it is safe to read from the given
+     * buffer. If it is already safe to read from the buffer, an empty handle
+     * may be passed instead.
+     *
+     * This function must return NONE and have no other effect if called for a
+     * layer with a composition type of Composition::SOLID_COLOR (because it
+     * has no buffer) or Composition::SIDEBAND or Composition::CLIENT (because
+     * synchronization and buffer updates for these layers are handled
+     * elsewhere).
+     *
+     * @param layer is the layer to which the buffer is set.
+     * @param bufferSlot is the buffer slot to use.
+     * @param bufferIndex is the buffer handle to set.
+     * @param acquireFenceIndex is a sync fence file descriptor as described above.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerSurfaceDamage(vec<Rect> damage);
+     *
+     * Provides the region of the source buffer which has been modified since
+     * the last frame. This region does not need to be validated before
+     * calling presentDisplay.
+     *
+     * Once set through this function, the damage region remains the same
+     * until a subsequent call to this function.
+     *
+     * If damage is non-empty, then it may be assumed that any portion of the
+     * source buffer not covered by one of the rects has not been modified
+     * this frame. If damage is empty, then the whole source buffer must be
+     * treated as if it has been modified.
+     *
+     * If the layer's contents are not modified relative to the prior frame,
+     * damage must contain exactly one empty rect([0, 0, 0, 0]).
+     *
+     * The damage rects are relative to the pre-transformed buffer, and their
+     * origin is the top-left corner. They must not exceed the dimensions of
+     * the latched buffer.
+     *
+     * @param layer is the layer to which the damage region is set.
+     * @param damage is the new surface damage region.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerBlendMode(BlendMode mode)
+     *
+     * Sets the blend mode of the given layer.
+     *
+     * @param mode is the new blend mode.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_COLOR has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerColor(Color color);
+     *
+     * Sets the color of the given layer. If the composition type of the layer
+     * is not Composition::SOLID_COLOR, this call must succeed and have no
+     * other effect.
+     *
+     * @param color is the new color.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerCompositionType(Composition type);
+     *
+     * Sets the desired composition type of the given layer. During
+     * validateDisplay, the device may request changes to the composition
+     * types of any of the layers as described in the definition of
+     * Composition above.
+     *
+     * @param type is the new composition type.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_DATASPACE has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerDataspace(Dataspace dataspace);
+     *
+     * Sets the dataspace that the current buffer on this layer is in.
+     *
+     * The dataspace provides more information about how to interpret the
+     * buffer contents, such as the encoding standard and color transform.
+     *
+     * See the values of Dataspace for more information.
+     *
+     * @param dataspace is the new dataspace.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerDisplayFrame(Rect frame);
+     *
+     * Sets the display frame (the portion of the display covered by a layer)
+     * of the given layer. This frame must not exceed the display dimensions.
+     *
+     * @param frame is the new display frame.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerPlaneAlpha(float alpha);
+     *
+     * Sets an alpha value (a floating point value in the range [0.0, 1.0])
+     * which will be applied to the whole layer. It can be conceptualized as a
+     * preprocessing step which applies the following function:
+     *   if (blendMode == BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED)
+     *       out.rgb = in.rgb * planeAlpha
+     *   out.a = in.a * planeAlpha
+     *
+     * If the device does not support this operation on a layer which is
+     * marked Composition::DEVICE, it must request a composition type change
+     * to Composition::CLIENT upon the next validateDisplay call.
+     *
+     * @param alpha is the plane alpha value to apply.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerSidebandStream(int32_t streamIndex)
+     *
+     * Sets the sideband stream for this layer. If the composition type of the
+     * given layer is not Composition::SIDEBAND, this call must succeed and
+     * have no other effect.
+     *
+     * @param streamIndex is the new sideband stream.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerSourceCrop(FRect crop);
+     *
+     * Sets the source crop (the portion of the source buffer which will fill
+     * the display frame) of the given layer. This crop rectangle must not
+     * exceed the dimensions of the latched buffer.
+     *
+     * If the device is not capable of supporting a true float source crop
+     * (i.e., it will truncate or round the floats to integers), it must set
+     * this layer to Composition::CLIENT when crop is non-integral for the
+     * most accurate rendering.
+     *
+     * If the device cannot support float source crops, but still wants to
+     * handle the layer, it must use the following code (or similar) to
+     * convert to an integer crop:
+     *   intCrop.left = (int) ceilf(crop.left);
+     *   intCrop.top = (int) ceilf(crop.top);
+     *   intCrop.right = (int) floorf(crop.right);
+     *   intCrop.bottom = (int) floorf(crop.bottom);
+     *
+     * @param crop is the new source crop.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     * Sets the transform (rotation/flip) of the given layer.
+     *
+     *   setLayerTransform(Transform transform);
+     *
+     * @param transform is the new transform.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerVisibleRegion(vec<Rect> visible);
+     *
+     * Specifies the portion of the layer that is visible, including portions
+     * under translucent areas of other layers. The region is in screen space,
+     * and must not exceed the dimensions of the screen.
+     *
+     * @param visible is the new visible region, in screen space.
+     *
+     *
+     * SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER has this pseudo prototype
+     *
+     *   setLayerZOrder(uint32_t z);
+     *
+     * Sets the desired Z order (height) of the given layer. A layer with a
+     * greater Z value occludes a layer with a lesser Z value.
+     *
+     * @param z is the new Z order.
+     */
+    enum Command : int32_t {
+        LENGTH_MASK                        = 0xffff,
+        OPCODE_SHIFT                       = 16,
+        OPCODE_MASK                        = 0xffff << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+
+        /* special commands */
+        SELECT_DISPLAY                     = 0x000 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SELECT_LAYER                       = 0x001 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+
+        /* value commands (for return values) */
+        SET_ERROR                          = 0x100 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES      = 0x101 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS               = 0x102 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_PRESENT_FENCE                  = 0x103 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_RELEASE_FENCES                 = 0x104 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+
+        /* display commands */
+        SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM                = 0x200 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_CLIENT_TARGET                  = 0x201 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER                  = 0x202 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        VALIDATE_DISPLAY                   = 0x203 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES             = 0x204 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        PRESENT_DISPLAY                    = 0x205 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+
+        /* layer commands (VALIDATE_DISPLAY not required) */
+        SET_LAYER_CURSOR_POSITION          = 0x300 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_BUFFER                   = 0x301 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE           = 0x302 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+
+        /* layer state commands (VALIDATE_DISPLAY required) */
+        SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE               = 0x400 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_COLOR                    = 0x401 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE         = 0x402 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_DATASPACE                = 0x403 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME            = 0x404 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA              = 0x405 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM          = 0x406 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP              = 0x407 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM                = 0x408 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION           = 0x409 << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+        SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER                  = 0x40a << OPCODE_SHIFT,
+
+        /* 0x800 - 0xfff are reserved for vendor extensions */
+        /* 0x1000 - 0xffff are reserved */
+    };
+};
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Android.bp
index 22f4906..0d63c3c 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Android.bp
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-impl",
     relative_install_path: "hw",
-    srcs: ["Hwc.cpp"],
+    srcs: ["Hwc.cpp", "HwcClient.cpp"],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
         "libhardware",
         "libhidlbase",
         "libhidltransport",
         "libhwbinder",
         "liblog",
+        "libsync",
         "libutils",
     ],
 }
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@
 cc_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-service",
     relative_install_path: "hw",
-    srcs: ["service.cpp", "Hwc.cpp"],
+    srcs: ["service.cpp", "Hwc.cpp", "HwcClient.cpp"],
     cppflags: ["-DBINDERIZED"],
     init_rc: ["android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-service.rc"],
 
@@ -29,11 +31,19 @@
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
         "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
         "libhardware",
         "libhidlbase",
         "libhidltransport",
         "libhwbinder",
         "liblog",
+        "libsync",
         "libutils",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libhwcomposer-command-buffer",
+    shared_libs: ["android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.cpp
index 36c6e54..d14de6f 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.cpp
@@ -16,19 +16,12 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "HwcPassthrough"
 
-#include <mutex>
 #include <type_traits>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <unordered_set>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
-#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include "Hwc.h"
+#include "HwcClient.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -37,419 +30,9 @@
 namespace V2_1 {
 namespace implementation {
 
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Transform;
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorMode;
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorTransform;
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Hdr;
-
-namespace {
-
-class HandleImporter {
-public:
-    HandleImporter() : mInitialized(false) {}
-
-    bool initialize()
-    {
-        // allow only one client
-        if (mInitialized) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (!openGralloc()) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        mInitialized = true;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void cleanup()
-    {
-        if (!mInitialized) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        closeGralloc();
-        mInitialized = false;
-    }
-
-    // In IComposer, any buffer_handle_t is owned by the caller and we need to
-    // make a clone for hwcomposer2.  We also need to translate empty handle
-    // to nullptr.  This function does that, in-place.
-    bool importBuffer(buffer_handle_t& handle)
-    {
-        if (!handle->numFds && !handle->numInts) {
-            handle = nullptr;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        buffer_handle_t clone = cloneBuffer(handle);
-        if (!clone) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        handle = clone;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void freeBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle)
-    {
-        if (!handle) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        releaseBuffer(handle);
-    }
-
-    bool importFence(const native_handle_t* handle, int& fd)
-    {
-        if (handle->numFds == 0) {
-            fd = -1;
-        } else if (handle->numFds == 1) {
-            fd = dup(handle->data[0]);
-            if (fd < 0) {
-                ALOGE("failed to dup fence fd %d", handle->data[0]);
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            ALOGE("invalid fence handle with %d file descriptors",
-                    handle->numFds);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void closeFence(int fd)
-    {
-        if (fd >= 0) {
-            close(fd);
-        }
-    }
-
-private:
-    bool mInitialized;
-
-    // Some existing gralloc drivers do not support retaining more than once,
-    // when we are in passthrough mode.
-#ifdef BINDERIZED
-    bool openGralloc()
-    {
-        const hw_module_t* module;
-        int err = hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module);
-        if (err) {
-            ALOGE("failed to get gralloc module");
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        uint8_t major = (module->module_api_version >> 8) & 0xff;
-        if (major > 1) {
-            ALOGE("unknown gralloc module major version %d", major);
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (major == 1) {
-            err = gralloc1_open(module, &mDevice);
-            if (err) {
-                ALOGE("failed to open gralloc1 device");
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            mRetain = reinterpret_cast<GRALLOC1_PFN_RETAIN>(
-                    mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RETAIN));
-            mRelease = reinterpret_cast<GRALLOC1_PFN_RELEASE>(
-                    mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RELEASE));
-            if (!mRetain || !mRelease) {
-                ALOGE("invalid gralloc1 device");
-                gralloc1_close(mDevice);
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            mModule = reinterpret_cast<const gralloc_module_t*>(module);
-        }
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void closeGralloc()
-    {
-        if (mDevice) {
-            gralloc1_close(mDevice);
-        }
-    }
-
-    buffer_handle_t cloneBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle)
-    {
-        native_handle_t* clone = native_handle_clone(handle);
-        if (!clone) {
-            ALOGE("failed to clone buffer %p", handle);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        bool err;
-        if (mDevice) {
-            err = (mRetain(mDevice, clone) != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE);
-        } else {
-            err = (mModule->registerBuffer(mModule, clone) != 0);
-        }
-
-        if (err) {
-            ALOGE("failed to retain/register buffer %p", clone);
-            native_handle_close(clone);
-            native_handle_delete(clone);
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        return clone;
-    }
-
-    void releaseBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle)
-    {
-        if (mDevice) {
-            mRelease(mDevice, handle);
-        } else {
-            mModule->unregisterBuffer(mModule, handle);
-            native_handle_close(handle);
-            native_handle_delete(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(handle));
-        }
-    }
-
-    // gralloc1
-    gralloc1_device_t* mDevice;
-    GRALLOC1_PFN_RETAIN mRetain;
-    GRALLOC1_PFN_RELEASE mRelease;
-
-    // gralloc0
-    const gralloc_module_t* mModule;
-#else
-    bool openGralloc() { return true; }
-    void closeGralloc() {}
-    buffer_handle_t cloneBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle) { return handle; }
-    void releaseBuffer(buffer_handle_t) {}
-#endif
-};
-
-HandleImporter sHandleImporter;
-
-class BufferClone {
-public:
-    BufferClone() : mHandle(nullptr) {}
-
-    BufferClone(BufferClone&& other)
-    {
-        mHandle = other.mHandle;
-        other.mHandle = nullptr;
-    }
-
-    BufferClone(const BufferClone& other) = delete;
-    BufferClone& operator=(const BufferClone& other) = delete;
-
-    BufferClone& operator=(buffer_handle_t handle)
-    {
-        clear();
-        mHandle = handle;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    ~BufferClone()
-    {
-        clear();
-    }
-
-private:
-    void clear()
-    {
-        if (mHandle) {
-            sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(mHandle);
-        }
-    }
-
-    buffer_handle_t mHandle;
-};
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-class HwcHal : public IComposer {
-public:
-    HwcHal(const hw_module_t* module);
-    virtual ~HwcHal();
-
-    // IComposer interface
-    Return<void> getCapabilities(getCapabilities_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> dumpDebugInfo(dumpDebugInfo_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
-    Return<uint32_t> getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
-    Return<void> createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-            PixelFormat formatHint, createVirtualDisplay_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<Error> destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
-    Return<Error> acceptDisplayChanges(Display display) override;
-    Return<void> createLayer(Display display,
-            createLayer_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<Error> destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
-    Return<void> getActiveConfig(Display display,
-            getActiveConfig_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-            getChangedCompositionTypes_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<Error> getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
-            uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-            PixelFormat format, Dataspace dataspace) override;
-    Return<void> getColorModes(Display display,
-            getColorModes_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getDisplayAttribute(Display display,
-            Config config, Attribute attribute,
-            getDisplayAttribute_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getDisplayConfigs(Display display,
-            getDisplayConfigs_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getDisplayName(Display display,
-            getDisplayName_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getDisplayRequests(Display display,
-            getDisplayRequests_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getDisplayType(Display display,
-            getDisplayType_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getDozeSupport(Display display,
-            getDozeSupport_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getHdrCapabilities(Display display,
-            getHdrCapabilities_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> getReleaseFences(Display display,
-            getReleaseFences_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> presentDisplay(Display display,
-            presentDisplay_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<Error> setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
-    Return<Error> setClientTarget(Display display,
-            const hidl_handle& target,
-            const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
-            Dataspace dataspace, const hidl_vec<Rect>& damage) override;
-    Return<Error> setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode) override;
-    Return<Error> setColorTransform(Display display,
-            const hidl_vec<float>& matrix, ColorTransform hint) override;
-    Return<Error> setOutputBuffer(Display display,
-            const hidl_handle& buffer,
-            const hidl_handle& releaseFence) override;
-    Return<Error> setPowerMode(Display display, PowerMode mode) override;
-    Return<Error> setVsyncEnabled(Display display, Vsync enabled) override;
-    Return<void> validateDisplay(Display display,
-            validateDisplay_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<Error> setCursorPosition(Display display,
-            Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerBuffer(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const hidl_handle& buffer,
-            const hidl_handle& acquireFence) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const hidl_vec<Rect>& damage) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerBlendMode(Display display,
-            Layer layer, BlendMode mode) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerColor(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const Color& color) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerCompositionType(Display display,
-            Layer layer, Composition type) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerDataspace(Display display,
-            Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const Rect& frame) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display,
-            Layer layer, float alpha) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerSidebandStream(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const hidl_handle& stream) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerSourceCrop(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const FRect& crop) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerTransform(Display display,
-            Layer layer, Transform transform) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display,
-            Layer layer, const hidl_vec<Rect>& visible) override;
-    Return<Error> setLayerZOrder(Display display,
-            Layer layer, uint32_t z) override;
-
-private:
-    void initCapabilities();
-
-    template<typename T>
-    void initDispatch(T& func, hwc2_function_descriptor_t desc);
-    void initDispatch();
-
-    bool hasCapability(Capability capability) const;
-
-    static void hotplugHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
-        hwc2_display_t display, int32_t connected);
-    static void refreshHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
-        hwc2_display_t display);
-    static void vsyncHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
-        hwc2_display_t display, int64_t timestamp);
-
-    hwc2_device_t* mDevice;
-
-    std::unordered_set<Capability> mCapabilities;
-
-    struct {
-        HWC2_PFN_ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES acceptDisplayChanges;
-        HWC2_PFN_CREATE_LAYER createLayer;
-        HWC2_PFN_CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY createVirtualDisplay;
-        HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_LAYER destroyLayer;
-        HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY destroyVirtualDisplay;
-        HWC2_PFN_DUMP dump;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG getActiveConfig;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES getChangedCompositionTypes;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT getClientTargetSupport;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_COLOR_MODES getColorModes;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE getDisplayAttribute;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS getDisplayConfigs;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_NAME getDisplayName;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS getDisplayRequests;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_TYPE getDisplayType;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_DOZE_SUPPORT getDozeSupport;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES getHdrCapabilities;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT getMaxVirtualDisplayCount;
-        HWC2_PFN_GET_RELEASE_FENCES getReleaseFences;
-        HWC2_PFN_PRESENT_DISPLAY presentDisplay;
-        HWC2_PFN_REGISTER_CALLBACK registerCallback;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG setActiveConfig;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_CLIENT_TARGET setClientTarget;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_COLOR_MODE setColorMode;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM setColorTransform;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_CURSOR_POSITION setCursorPosition;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE setLayerBlendMode;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BUFFER setLayerBuffer;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COLOR setLayerColor;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE setLayerCompositionType;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DATASPACE setLayerDataspace;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME setLayerDisplayFrame;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA setLayerPlaneAlpha;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM setLayerSidebandStream;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP setLayerSourceCrop;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE setLayerSurfaceDamage;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM setLayerTransform;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION setLayerVisibleRegion;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER setLayerZOrder;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER setOutputBuffer;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_POWER_MODE setPowerMode;
-        HWC2_PFN_SET_VSYNC_ENABLED setVsyncEnabled;
-        HWC2_PFN_VALIDATE_DISPLAY validateDisplay;
-    } mDispatch;
-
-    // cloned buffers for a display
-    struct DisplayBuffers {
-        BufferClone ClientTarget;
-        BufferClone OutputBuffer;
-
-        std::unordered_map<Layer, BufferClone> LayerBuffers;
-        std::unordered_map<Layer, BufferClone> LayerSidebandStreams;
-    };
-
-    std::mutex mCallbackMutex;
-    sp<IComposerCallback> mCallback;
-
-    std::mutex mDisplayMutex;
-    std::unordered_map<Display, DisplayBuffers> mDisplays;
-};
-
 HwcHal::HwcHal(const hw_module_t* module)
     : mDevice(nullptr), mDispatch()
 {
-    if (!sHandleImporter.initialize()) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to initialize handle importer");
-    }
-
     int status = hwc2_open(module, &mDevice);
     if (status) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to open hwcomposer2 device: %s",
@@ -463,8 +46,6 @@
 HwcHal::~HwcHal()
 {
     hwc2_close(mDevice);
-    mDisplays.clear();
-    sHandleImporter.cleanup();
 }
 
 void HwcHal::initCapabilities()
@@ -599,694 +180,509 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
+Return<void> HwcHal::createClient(createClient_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    Error err = Error::NONE;
+    sp<HwcClient> client;
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mClientMutex);
+
+        // only one client is allowed
+        if (mClient == nullptr) {
+            client = new HwcClient(*this);
+            mClient = client;
+        } else {
+            err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+    }
+
+    hidl_cb(err, client);
+
+    return Void();
+}
+
+sp<HwcClient> HwcHal::getClient()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mClientMutex);
+    return (mClient != nullptr) ? mClient.promote() : nullptr;
+}
+
+void HwcHal::removeClient()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mClientMutex);
+    mClient = nullptr;
+}
+
 void HwcHal::hotplugHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
         hwc2_display_t display, int32_t connected)
 {
     auto hal = reinterpret_cast<HwcHal*>(callbackData);
-
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(hal->mDisplayMutex);
-
-        if (connected == HWC2_CONNECTION_CONNECTED) {
-            hal->mDisplays.emplace(display, DisplayBuffers());
-        } else if (connected == HWC2_CONNECTION_DISCONNECTED) {
-            hal->mDisplays.erase(display);
-        }
+    auto client = hal->getClient();
+    if (client != nullptr) {
+        client->onHotplug(display,
+                static_cast<IComposerCallback::Connection>(connected));
     }
-
-    hal->mCallback->onHotplug(display,
-            static_cast<IComposerCallback::Connection>(connected));
 }
 
 void HwcHal::refreshHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
         hwc2_display_t display)
 {
     auto hal = reinterpret_cast<HwcHal*>(callbackData);
-    hal->mCallback->onRefresh(display);
+    auto client = hal->getClient();
+    if (client != nullptr) {
+        client->onRefresh(display);
+    }
 }
 
 void HwcHal::vsyncHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
         hwc2_display_t display, int64_t timestamp)
 {
     auto hal = reinterpret_cast<HwcHal*>(callbackData);
-    hal->mCallback->onVsync(display, timestamp);
+    auto client = hal->getClient();
+    if (client != nullptr) {
+        client->onVsync(display, timestamp);
+    }
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback)
+void HwcHal::enableCallback(bool enable)
 {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCallbackMutex);
-
-    mCallback = callback;
-
-    mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_HOTPLUG, this,
-            reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(hotplugHook));
-    mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_REFRESH, this,
-            reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(refreshHook));
-    mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, this,
-            reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(vsyncHook));
-
-    return Void();
+    if (enable) {
+        mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_HOTPLUG, this,
+                reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(hotplugHook));
+        mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_REFRESH, this,
+                reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(refreshHook));
+        mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, this,
+                reinterpret_cast<hwc2_function_pointer_t>(vsyncHook));
+    } else {
+        mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_HOTPLUG, this,
+                nullptr);
+        mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_REFRESH, this,
+                nullptr);
+        mDispatch.registerCallback(mDevice, HWC2_CALLBACK_VSYNC, this,
+                nullptr);
+    }
 }
 
-Return<uint32_t> HwcHal::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()
+uint32_t HwcHal::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()
 {
     return mDispatch.getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(mDevice);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-        PixelFormat formatHint, createVirtualDisplay_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+    PixelFormat& format, Display& display)
 {
-    int32_t format = static_cast<int32_t>(formatHint);
-    hwc2_display_t display;
-    auto error = mDispatch.createVirtualDisplay(mDevice, width, height,
-            &format, &display);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
+    int32_t hwc_format = static_cast<int32_t>(format);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.createVirtualDisplay(mDevice, width, height,
+            &hwc_format, &display);
+    format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(hwc_format);
 
-        mDisplays.emplace(display, DisplayBuffers());
-    }
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), display,
-            static_cast<PixelFormat>(format));
-
-    return Void();
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display)
+Error HwcHal::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.destroyVirtualDisplay(mDevice, display);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
-
-        mDisplays.erase(display);
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.destroyVirtualDisplay(mDevice, display);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display)
+Error HwcHal::createLayer(Display display, Layer& layer)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.acceptDisplayChanges(mDevice, display);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.createLayer(mDevice, display, &layer);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::createLayer(Display display, createLayer_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer)
 {
-    hwc2_layer_t layer;
-    auto error = mDispatch.createLayer(mDevice, display, &layer);
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), layer);
-
-    return Void();
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.destroyLayer(mDevice, display, layer);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer)
+Error HwcHal::getActiveConfig(Display display, Config& config)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.destroyLayer(mDevice, display, layer);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
-
-        auto dpy = mDisplays.find(display);
-        dpy->second.LayerBuffers.erase(layer);
-        dpy->second.LayerSidebandStreams.erase(layer);
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getActiveConfig(mDevice, display, &config);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getActiveConfig(Display display,
-        getActiveConfig_cb hidl_cb)
-{
-    hwc2_config_t config;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getActiveConfig(mDevice, display, &config);
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), config);
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HwcHal::getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display,
-        getChangedCompositionTypes_cb hidl_cb)
-{
-    uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(mDevice, display,
-            &count, nullptr, nullptr);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers(count);
-    std::vector<Composition> types(count);
-    error = mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(mDevice, display,
-            &count, layers.data(),
-            reinterpret_cast<std::underlying_type<Composition>::type*>(
-                types.data()));
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
-    layers.resize(count);
-    types.resize(count);
-
-    hidl_vec<Layer> layers_reply;
-    layers_reply.setToExternal(layers.data(), layers.size());
-
-    hidl_vec<Composition> types_reply;
-    types_reply.setToExternal(types.data(), types.size());
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), layers_reply, types_reply);
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
+Error HwcHal::getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
         uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
         PixelFormat format, Dataspace dataspace)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.getClientTargetSupport(mDevice, display,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getClientTargetSupport(mDevice, display,
             width, height, static_cast<int32_t>(format),
             static_cast<int32_t>(dataspace));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getColorModes(Display display, getColorModes_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::getColorModes(Display display, hidl_vec<ColorMode>& modes)
 {
     uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getColorModes(mDevice, display, &count, nullptr);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getColorModes(mDevice, display, &count, nullptr);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    std::vector<ColorMode> modes(count);
-    error = mDispatch.getColorModes(mDevice, display, &count,
+    modes.resize(count);
+    err = mDispatch.getColorModes(mDevice, display, &count,
             reinterpret_cast<std::underlying_type<ColorMode>::type*>(
                 modes.data()));
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        modes = hidl_vec<ColorMode>();
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
-    modes.resize(count);
 
-    hidl_vec<ColorMode> modes_reply;
-    modes_reply.setToExternal(modes.data(), modes.size());
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), modes_reply);
-
-    return Void();
+    return Error::NONE;
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getDisplayAttribute(Display display,
-        Config config, Attribute attribute,
-        getDisplayAttribute_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+        IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t& value)
 {
-    int32_t value;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getDisplayAttribute(mDevice, display, config,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getDisplayAttribute(mDevice, display, config,
             static_cast<int32_t>(attribute), &value);
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), value);
-
-    return Void();
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getDisplayConfigs(Display display,
-        getDisplayConfigs_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::getDisplayConfigs(Display display, hidl_vec<Config>& configs)
 {
     uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getDisplayConfigs(mDevice, display,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getDisplayConfigs(mDevice, display,
             &count, nullptr);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    std::vector<hwc2_config_t> configs(count);
-    error = mDispatch.getDisplayConfigs(mDevice, display,
-            &count, configs.data());
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
     configs.resize(count);
+    err = mDispatch.getDisplayConfigs(mDevice, display,
+            &count, configs.data());
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        configs = hidl_vec<Config>();
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
+    }
 
-    hidl_vec<Config> configs_reply;
-    configs_reply.setToExternal(configs.data(), configs.size());
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), configs_reply);
-
-    return Void();
+    return Error::NONE;
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getDisplayName(Display display,
-        getDisplayName_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::getDisplayName(Display display, hidl_string& name)
 {
     uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getDisplayName(mDevice, display, &count, nullptr);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getDisplayName(mDevice, display, &count, nullptr);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    std::vector<char> name(count + 1);
-    error = mDispatch.getDisplayName(mDevice, display, &count, name.data());
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
+    std::vector<char> buf(count + 1);
+    err = mDispatch.getDisplayName(mDevice, display, &count, buf.data());
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
-    name.resize(count + 1);
-    name[count] = '\0';
+    buf.resize(count + 1);
+    buf[count] = '\0';
 
-    hidl_string name_reply;
-    name_reply.setToExternal(name.data(), count);
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), name_reply);
+    name = buf.data();
 
-    return Void();
+    return Error::NONE;
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getDisplayRequests(Display display,
-        getDisplayRequests_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::getDisplayType(Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayType& type)
 {
-    int32_t display_reqs;
+    int32_t hwc_type = HWC2_DISPLAY_TYPE_INVALID;
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getDisplayType(mDevice, display, &hwc_type);
+    type = static_cast<IComposerClient::DisplayType>(hwc_type);
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::getDozeSupport(Display display, bool& support)
+{
+    int32_t hwc_support = 0;
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getDozeSupport(mDevice, display, &hwc_support);
+    support = hwc_support;
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::getHdrCapabilities(Display display, hidl_vec<Hdr>& types,
+        float& maxLuminance, float& maxAverageLuminance, float& minLuminance)
+{
     uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getDisplayRequests(mDevice, display,
-            &display_reqs, &count, nullptr, nullptr);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.getHdrCapabilities(mDevice, display, &count,
+            nullptr, &maxLuminance, &maxAverageLuminance, &minLuminance);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers(count);
-    std::vector<int32_t> layer_reqs(count);
-    error = mDispatch.getDisplayRequests(mDevice, display,
-            &display_reqs, &count, layers.data(), layer_reqs.data());
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
-    layers.resize(count);
-    layer_reqs.resize(count);
-
-    hidl_vec<Layer> layers_reply;
-    layers_reply.setToExternal(layers.data(), layers.size());
-
-    hidl_vec<uint32_t> layer_reqs_reply;
-    layer_reqs_reply.setToExternal(
-            reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(layer_reqs.data()),
-            layer_reqs.size());
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), display_reqs,
-            layers_reply, layer_reqs_reply);
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HwcHal::getDisplayType(Display display,
-        getDisplayType_cb hidl_cb)
-{
-    int32_t type;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getDisplayType(mDevice, display, &type);
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), static_cast<DisplayType>(type));
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HwcHal::getDozeSupport(Display display,
-        getDozeSupport_cb hidl_cb)
-{
-    int32_t support;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getDozeSupport(mDevice, display, &support);
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), support);
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> HwcHal::getHdrCapabilities(Display display,
-        getHdrCapabilities_cb hidl_cb)
-{
-    float max_lumi, max_avg_lumi, min_lumi;
-    uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getHdrCapabilities(mDevice, display,
-            &count, nullptr, &max_lumi, &max_avg_lumi, &min_lumi);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<Hdr> types(count);
-    error = mDispatch.getHdrCapabilities(mDevice, display, &count,
-            reinterpret_cast<std::underlying_type<Hdr>::type*>(types.data()),
-            &max_lumi, &max_avg_lumi, &min_lumi);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
     types.resize(count);
+    err = mDispatch.getHdrCapabilities(mDevice, display, &count,
+            reinterpret_cast<std::underlying_type<Hdr>::type*>(types.data()),
+            &maxLuminance, &maxAverageLuminance, &minLuminance);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
+    }
 
-    hidl_vec<Hdr> types_reply;
-    types_reply.setToExternal(types.data(), types.size());
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), types_reply,
-            max_lumi, max_avg_lumi, min_lumi);
-
-    return Void();
+    return Error::NONE;
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::getReleaseFences(Display display,
-        getReleaseFences_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config)
 {
-    uint32_t count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.getReleaseFences(mDevice, display,
-            &count, nullptr, nullptr);
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> layers(count);
-    std::vector<int32_t> fences(count);
-    error = mDispatch.getReleaseFences(mDevice, display,
-            &count, layers.data(), fences.data());
-    if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        count = 0;
-    }
-    layers.resize(count);
-    fences.resize(count);
-
-    // filter out layers with release fence -1
-    std::vector<hwc2_layer_t> filtered_layers;
-    std::vector<int> filtered_fences;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < layers.size(); i++) {
-        if (fences[i] >= 0) {
-            filtered_layers.push_back(layers[i]);
-            filtered_fences.push_back(fences[i]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    hidl_vec<Layer> layers_reply;
-    native_handle_t* fences_reply =
-        native_handle_create(filtered_fences.size(), 0);
-    if (fences_reply) {
-        layers_reply.setToExternal(filtered_layers.data(),
-                filtered_layers.size());
-        memcpy(fences_reply->data, filtered_fences.data(),
-                sizeof(int) * filtered_fences.size());
-
-        hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), layers_reply, fences_reply);
-
-        native_handle_close(fences_reply);
-        native_handle_delete(fences_reply);
-    } else {
-        NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(fences_storage, 0, 0);
-        fences_reply = native_handle_init(fences_storage, 0, 0);
-
-        hidl_cb(Error::NO_RESOURCES, layers_reply, fences_reply);
-
-        for (auto fence : filtered_fences) {
-            close(fence);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return Void();
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setActiveConfig(mDevice, display, config);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::presentDisplay(Display display,
-        presentDisplay_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode)
 {
-    int32_t fence = -1;
-    auto error = mDispatch.presentDisplay(mDevice, display, &fence);
-
-    NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(fence_storage, 1, 0);
-    native_handle_t* fence_reply;
-    if (fence >= 0) {
-        fence_reply = native_handle_init(fence_storage, 1, 0);
-        fence_reply->data[0] = fence;
-    } else {
-        fence_reply = native_handle_init(fence_storage, 0, 0);
-    }
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), fence_reply);
-
-    if (fence >= 0) {
-        close(fence);
-    }
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config)
-{
-    auto error = mDispatch.setActiveConfig(mDevice, display, config);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setClientTarget(Display display,
-        const hidl_handle& target,
-        const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
-        Dataspace dataspace, const hidl_vec<Rect>& damage)
-{
-    const native_handle_t* targetHandle = target.getNativeHandle();
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importBuffer(targetHandle)) {
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    int32_t fence;
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importFence(acquireFence, fence)) {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(targetHandle);
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    hwc_region_t damage_region = { damage.size(),
-        reinterpret_cast<const hwc_rect_t*>(&damage[0]) };
-
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.setClientTarget(mDevice, display,
-            targetHandle, fence, static_cast<int32_t>(dataspace),
-            damage_region);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
-
-        auto dpy = mDisplays.find(display);
-        dpy->second.ClientTarget = targetHandle;
-    } else {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(target);
-        sHandleImporter.closeFence(fence);
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode)
-{
-    auto error = mDispatch.setColorMode(mDevice, display,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setColorMode(mDevice, display,
             static_cast<int32_t>(mode));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setColorTransform(Display display,
-        const hidl_vec<float>& matrix, ColorTransform hint)
+Error HwcHal::setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setColorTransform(mDevice, display,
-            &matrix[0], static_cast<int32_t>(hint));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setOutputBuffer(Display display,
-        const hidl_handle& buffer,
-        const hidl_handle& releaseFence)
-{
-    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = buffer.getNativeHandle();
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importBuffer(bufferHandle)) {
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    int32_t fence;
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importFence(releaseFence, fence)) {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.setOutputBuffer(mDevice,
-            display, bufferHandle, fence);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
-
-        auto dpy = mDisplays.find(display);
-        dpy->second.OutputBuffer = bufferHandle;
-    } else {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    }
-
-    // unlike in setClientTarget, fence is owned by us and is always closed
-    sHandleImporter.closeFence(fence);
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setPowerMode(Display display, PowerMode mode)
-{
-    auto error = mDispatch.setPowerMode(mDevice, display,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setPowerMode(mDevice, display,
             static_cast<int32_t>(mode));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setVsyncEnabled(Display display,
-        Vsync enabled)
+Error HwcHal::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setVsyncEnabled(mDevice, display,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setVsyncEnabled(mDevice, display,
             static_cast<int32_t>(enabled));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<void> HwcHal::validateDisplay(Display display,
-        validateDisplay_cb hidl_cb)
+Error HwcHal::setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix,
+        int32_t hint)
+{
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setColorTransform(mDevice, display, matrix, hint);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::setClientTarget(Display display, buffer_handle_t target,
+        int32_t acquireFence, int32_t dataspace,
+        const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage)
+{
+    hwc_region region = { damage.size(), damage.data() };
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setClientTarget(mDevice, display, target,
+            acquireFence, dataspace, region);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::setOutputBuffer(Display display, buffer_handle_t buffer,
+        int32_t releaseFence)
+{
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setOutputBuffer(mDevice, display, buffer,
+            releaseFence);
+    // unlike in setClientTarget, releaseFence is owned by us
+    if (err == HWC2_ERROR_NONE && releaseFence >= 0) {
+        close(releaseFence);
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::validateDisplay(Display display,
+        std::vector<Layer>& changedLayers,
+        std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>& compositionTypes,
+        uint32_t& displayRequestMask,
+        std::vector<Layer>& requestedLayers,
+        std::vector<uint32_t>& requestMasks)
 {
     uint32_t types_count = 0;
     uint32_t reqs_count = 0;
-    auto error = mDispatch.validateDisplay(mDevice, display,
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.validateDisplay(mDevice, display,
             &types_count, &reqs_count);
-
-    hidl_cb(static_cast<Error>(error), types_count, reqs_count);
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setCursorPosition(Display display,
-        Layer layer, int32_t x, int32_t y)
-{
-    auto error = mDispatch.setCursorPosition(mDevice, display, layer, x, y);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
-}
-
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerBuffer(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const hidl_handle& buffer,
-        const hidl_handle& acquireFence)
-{
-    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = buffer.getNativeHandle();
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importBuffer(bufferHandle)) {
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE && err != HWC2_ERROR_HAS_CHANGES) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    int32_t fence;
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importFence(acquireFence, fence)) {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    err = mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(mDevice, display,
+            &types_count, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.setLayerBuffer(mDevice,
-            display, layer, bufferHandle, fence);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
-
-        auto dpy = mDisplays.find(display);
-        dpy->second.LayerBuffers[layer] = bufferHandle;
-    } else {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-        sHandleImporter.closeFence(fence);
+    changedLayers.resize(types_count);
+    compositionTypes.resize(types_count);
+    err = mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(mDevice, display,
+            &types_count, changedLayers.data(),
+            reinterpret_cast<
+            std::underlying_type<IComposerClient::Composition>::type*>(
+                compositionTypes.data()));
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        changedLayers.clear();
+        compositionTypes.clear();
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t display_reqs = 0;
+    err = mDispatch.getDisplayRequests(mDevice, display, &display_reqs,
+            &reqs_count, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        changedLayers.clear();
+        compositionTypes.clear();
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
+    }
+
+    requestedLayers.resize(reqs_count);
+    requestMasks.resize(reqs_count);
+    err = mDispatch.getDisplayRequests(mDevice, display, &display_reqs,
+            &reqs_count, requestedLayers.data(),
+            reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(requestMasks.data()));
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        changedLayers.clear();
+        compositionTypes.clear();
+
+        requestedLayers.clear();
+        requestMasks.clear();
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
+    }
+
+    displayRequestMask = display_reqs;
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const hidl_vec<Rect>& damage)
+Error HwcHal::acceptDisplayChanges(Display display)
 {
-    hwc_region_t damage_region = { damage.size(),
-        reinterpret_cast<const hwc_rect_t*>(&damage[0]) };
-
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDevice, display, layer,
-            damage_region);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.acceptDisplayChanges(mDevice, display);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerBlendMode(Display display,
-        Layer layer, BlendMode mode)
+Error HwcHal::presentDisplay(Display display, int32_t& presentFence,
+        std::vector<Layer>& layers, std::vector<int32_t>& releaseFences)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerBlendMode(mDevice, display, layer,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(mode));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    presentFence = -1;
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.presentDisplay(mDevice, display, &presentFence);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        return static_cast<Error>(err);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t count = 0;
+    err = mDispatch.getReleaseFences(mDevice, display, &count,
+            nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        ALOGW("failed to get release fences");
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    layers.resize(count);
+    releaseFences.resize(count);
+    err = mDispatch.getReleaseFences(mDevice, display, &count,
+            layers.data(), releaseFences.data());
+    if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+        ALOGW("failed to get release fences");
+        layers.clear();
+        releaseFences.clear();
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerColor(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const Color& color)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer,
+        int32_t x, int32_t y)
+{
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setCursorPosition(mDevice, display, layer, x, y);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer,
+        buffer_handle_t buffer, int32_t acquireFence)
+{
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerBuffer(mDevice, display, layer,
+            buffer, acquireFence);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage)
+{
+    hwc_region region = { damage.size(), damage.data() };
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDevice, display, layer,
+            region);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t mode)
+{
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerBlendMode(mDevice, display, layer, mode);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
+}
+
+Error HwcHal::setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
+        IComposerClient::Color color)
 {
     hwc_color_t hwc_color{color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a};
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerColor(mDevice, display, layer, hwc_color);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerColor(mDevice, display, layer, hwc_color);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerCompositionType(Display display,
-        Layer layer, Composition type)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+        int32_t type)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerCompositionType(mDevice, display, layer,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(type));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerCompositionType(mDevice, display, layer,
+            type);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerDataspace(Display display,
-        Layer layer, Dataspace dataspace)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer,
+        int32_t dataspace)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerDataspace(mDevice, display, layer,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(dataspace));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerDataspace(mDevice, display, layer,
+            dataspace);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const Rect& frame)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+        const hwc_rect_t& frame)
 {
-    hwc_rect_t hwc_frame{frame.left, frame.top, frame.right, frame.bottom};
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerDisplayFrame(mDevice, display, layer,
-            hwc_frame);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerDisplayFrame(mDevice, display, layer,
+            frame);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display,
-        Layer layer, float alpha)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerPlaneAlpha(mDevice, display, layer, alpha);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerPlaneAlpha(mDevice, display, layer,
+            alpha);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const hidl_handle& stream)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+        buffer_handle_t stream)
 {
-    const native_handle_t* streamHandle = stream.getNativeHandle();
-    if (!sHandleImporter.importBuffer(streamHandle)) {
-        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.setLayerSidebandStream(mDevice,
-            display, layer, streamHandle);
-    if (error == HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayMutex);
-
-        auto dpy = mDisplays.find(display);
-        dpy->second.LayerSidebandStreams[layer] = streamHandle;
-    } else {
-        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(streamHandle);
-    }
-
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerSidebandStream(mDevice, display, layer,
+            stream);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const FRect& crop)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+        const hwc_frect_t& crop)
 {
-    hwc_frect_t hwc_crop{crop.left, crop.top, crop.right, crop.bottom};
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerSourceCrop(mDevice, display, layer,
-            hwc_crop);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerSourceCrop(mDevice, display, layer, crop);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerTransform(Display display,
-        Layer layer, Transform transform)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
+        int32_t transform)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerTransform(mDevice, display, layer,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(transform));
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerTransform(mDevice, display, layer,
+            transform);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display,
-        Layer layer, const hidl_vec<Rect>& visible)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+        const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& visible)
 {
-    hwc_region_t visible_region = { visible.size(),
-        reinterpret_cast<const hwc_rect_t*>(&visible[0]) };
-
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerVisibleRegion(mDevice, display, layer,
-            visible_region);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    hwc_region_t region = { visible.size(), visible.data() };
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerVisibleRegion(mDevice, display, layer,
+            region);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
-Return<Error> HwcHal::setLayerZOrder(Display display,
-        Layer layer, uint32_t z)
+Error HwcHal::setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z)
 {
-    auto error = mDispatch.setLayerZOrder(mDevice, display, layer, z);
-    return static_cast<Error>(error);
+    int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerZOrder(mDevice, display, layer, z);
+    return static_cast<Error>(err);
 }
 
 IComposer* HIDL_FETCH_IComposer(const char*)
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.h
index de69417..89ac4f7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/Hwc.h
@@ -17,7 +17,12 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_V2_1_HWC_H
 #define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_V2_1_HWC_H
 
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h>
+#include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -26,6 +31,172 @@
 namespace V2_1 {
 namespace implementation {
 
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Transform;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorMode;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorTransform;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Hdr;
+
+class HwcClient;
+
+class HwcHal : public IComposer {
+public:
+    HwcHal(const hw_module_t* module);
+    virtual ~HwcHal();
+
+    // IComposer interface
+    Return<void> getCapabilities(getCapabilities_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> dumpDebugInfo(dumpDebugInfo_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> createClient(createClient_cb hidl_cb) override;
+
+    bool hasCapability(Capability capability) const;
+
+    void removeClient();
+
+    void enableCallback(bool enable);
+
+    uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+    Error createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+        PixelFormat& format, Display& display);
+    Error destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display);
+
+    Error createLayer(Display display, Layer& layer);
+    Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer);
+
+    Error getActiveConfig(Display display, Config& config);
+    Error getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
+            uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+            PixelFormat format, Dataspace dataspace);
+    Error getColorModes(Display display, hidl_vec<ColorMode>& modes);
+    Error getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+            IComposerClient::Attribute attribute, int32_t& value);
+    Error getDisplayConfigs(Display display, hidl_vec<Config>& configs);
+    Error getDisplayName(Display display, hidl_string& name);
+    Error getDisplayType(Display display, IComposerClient::DisplayType& type);
+    Error getDozeSupport(Display display, bool& support);
+    Error getHdrCapabilities(Display display, hidl_vec<Hdr>& types,
+            float& maxLuminance, float& maxAverageLuminance,
+            float& minLuminance);
+
+    Error setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config);
+    Error setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode);
+    Error setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode);
+    Error setVsyncEnabled(Display display, IComposerClient::Vsync enabled);
+
+    Error setColorTransform(Display display, const float* matrix,
+            int32_t hint);
+    Error setClientTarget(Display display, buffer_handle_t target,
+            int32_t acquireFence, int32_t dataspace,
+            const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage);
+    Error setOutputBuffer(Display display, buffer_handle_t buffer,
+            int32_t releaseFence);
+    Error validateDisplay(Display display,
+            std::vector<Layer>& changedLayers,
+            std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>& compositionTypes,
+            uint32_t& displayRequestMask,
+            std::vector<Layer>& requestedLayers,
+            std::vector<uint32_t>& requestMasks);
+    Error acceptDisplayChanges(Display display);
+    Error presentDisplay(Display display, int32_t& presentFence,
+            std::vector<Layer>& layers, std::vector<int32_t>& releaseFences);
+
+    Error setLayerCursorPosition(Display display, Layer layer,
+            int32_t x, int32_t y);
+    Error setLayerBuffer(Display display, Layer layer,
+            buffer_handle_t buffer, int32_t acquireFence);
+    Error setLayerSurfaceDamage(Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& damage);
+    Error setLayerBlendMode(Display display, Layer layer, int32_t mode);
+    Error setLayerColor(Display display, Layer layer,
+            IComposerClient::Color color);
+    Error setLayerCompositionType(Display display, Layer layer,
+            int32_t type);
+    Error setLayerDataspace(Display display, Layer layer,
+            int32_t dataspace);
+    Error setLayerDisplayFrame(Display display, Layer layer,
+            const hwc_rect_t& frame);
+    Error setLayerPlaneAlpha(Display display, Layer layer, float alpha);
+    Error setLayerSidebandStream(Display display, Layer layer,
+            buffer_handle_t stream);
+    Error setLayerSourceCrop(Display display, Layer layer,
+            const hwc_frect_t& crop);
+    Error setLayerTransform(Display display, Layer layer,
+            int32_t transform);
+    Error setLayerVisibleRegion(Display display, Layer layer,
+            const std::vector<hwc_rect_t>& visible);
+    Error setLayerZOrder(Display display, Layer layer, uint32_t z);
+
+private:
+    void initCapabilities();
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void initDispatch(T& func, hwc2_function_descriptor_t desc);
+    void initDispatch();
+
+    sp<HwcClient> getClient();
+
+    static void hotplugHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display, int32_t connected);
+    static void refreshHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display);
+    static void vsyncHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData,
+        hwc2_display_t display, int64_t timestamp);
+
+    hwc2_device_t* mDevice;
+
+    std::unordered_set<Capability> mCapabilities;
+
+    struct {
+        HWC2_PFN_ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES acceptDisplayChanges;
+        HWC2_PFN_CREATE_LAYER createLayer;
+        HWC2_PFN_CREATE_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY createVirtualDisplay;
+        HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_LAYER destroyLayer;
+        HWC2_PFN_DESTROY_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY destroyVirtualDisplay;
+        HWC2_PFN_DUMP dump;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_ACTIVE_CONFIG getActiveConfig;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES getChangedCompositionTypes;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_CLIENT_TARGET_SUPPORT getClientTargetSupport;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_COLOR_MODES getColorModes;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_ATTRIBUTE getDisplayAttribute;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_CONFIGS getDisplayConfigs;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_NAME getDisplayName;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS getDisplayRequests;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_TYPE getDisplayType;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_DOZE_SUPPORT getDozeSupport;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_HDR_CAPABILITIES getHdrCapabilities;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_MAX_VIRTUAL_DISPLAY_COUNT getMaxVirtualDisplayCount;
+        HWC2_PFN_GET_RELEASE_FENCES getReleaseFences;
+        HWC2_PFN_PRESENT_DISPLAY presentDisplay;
+        HWC2_PFN_REGISTER_CALLBACK registerCallback;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_ACTIVE_CONFIG setActiveConfig;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_CLIENT_TARGET setClientTarget;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_COLOR_MODE setColorMode;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM setColorTransform;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_CURSOR_POSITION setCursorPosition;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE setLayerBlendMode;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_BUFFER setLayerBuffer;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COLOR setLayerColor;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE setLayerCompositionType;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DATASPACE setLayerDataspace;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME setLayerDisplayFrame;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA setLayerPlaneAlpha;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM setLayerSidebandStream;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP setLayerSourceCrop;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE setLayerSurfaceDamage;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM setLayerTransform;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION setLayerVisibleRegion;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER setLayerZOrder;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER setOutputBuffer;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_POWER_MODE setPowerMode;
+        HWC2_PFN_SET_VSYNC_ENABLED setVsyncEnabled;
+        HWC2_PFN_VALIDATE_DISPLAY validateDisplay;
+    } mDispatch;
+
+    std::mutex mClientMutex;
+    wp<HwcClient> mClient;
+};
+
 extern "C" IComposer* HIDL_FETCH_IComposer(const char* name);
 
 } // namespace implementation
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/HwcClient.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/HwcClient.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5599959
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/HwcClient.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "HwcPassthrough"
+
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "Hwc.h"
+#include "HwcClient.h"
+#include "IComposerCommandBuffer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace composer {
+namespace V2_1 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+namespace {
+
+class HandleImporter {
+public:
+    HandleImporter() : mInitialized(false) {}
+
+    bool initialize()
+    {
+        // allow only one client
+        if (mInitialized) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!openGralloc()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        mInitialized = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void cleanup()
+    {
+        if (!mInitialized) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        closeGralloc();
+        mInitialized = false;
+    }
+
+    // In IComposer, any buffer_handle_t is owned by the caller and we need to
+    // make a clone for hwcomposer2.  We also need to translate empty handle
+    // to nullptr.  This function does that, in-place.
+    bool importBuffer(buffer_handle_t& handle)
+    {
+        if (!handle) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!handle->numFds && !handle->numInts) {
+            handle = nullptr;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        buffer_handle_t clone = cloneBuffer(handle);
+        if (!clone) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        handle = clone;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void freeBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle)
+    {
+        if (!handle) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        releaseBuffer(handle);
+    }
+
+private:
+    bool mInitialized;
+
+    // Some existing gralloc drivers do not support retaining more than once,
+    // when we are in passthrough mode.
+#ifdef BINDERIZED
+    bool openGralloc()
+    {
+        const hw_module_t* module;
+        int err = hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module);
+        if (err) {
+            ALOGE("failed to get gralloc module");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        uint8_t major = (module->module_api_version >> 8) & 0xff;
+        if (major > 1) {
+            ALOGE("unknown gralloc module major version %d", major);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (major == 1) {
+            err = gralloc1_open(module, &mDevice);
+            if (err) {
+                ALOGE("failed to open gralloc1 device");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            mRetain = reinterpret_cast<GRALLOC1_PFN_RETAIN>(
+                    mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RETAIN));
+            mRelease = reinterpret_cast<GRALLOC1_PFN_RELEASE>(
+                    mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RELEASE));
+            if (!mRetain || !mRelease) {
+                ALOGE("invalid gralloc1 device");
+                gralloc1_close(mDevice);
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            mModule = reinterpret_cast<const gralloc_module_t*>(module);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void closeGralloc()
+    {
+        if (mDevice) {
+            gralloc1_close(mDevice);
+        }
+    }
+
+    buffer_handle_t cloneBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle)
+    {
+        native_handle_t* clone = native_handle_clone(handle);
+        if (!clone) {
+            ALOGE("failed to clone buffer %p", handle);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        bool err;
+        if (mDevice) {
+            err = (mRetain(mDevice, clone) != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE);
+        } else {
+            err = (mModule->registerBuffer(mModule, clone) != 0);
+        }
+
+        if (err) {
+            ALOGE("failed to retain/register buffer %p", clone);
+            native_handle_close(clone);
+            native_handle_delete(clone);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return clone;
+    }
+
+    void releaseBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle)
+    {
+        if (mDevice) {
+            mRelease(mDevice, handle);
+        } else {
+            mModule->unregisterBuffer(mModule, handle);
+            native_handle_close(handle);
+            native_handle_delete(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(handle));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // gralloc1
+    gralloc1_device_t* mDevice;
+    GRALLOC1_PFN_RETAIN mRetain;
+    GRALLOC1_PFN_RELEASE mRelease;
+
+    // gralloc0
+    const gralloc_module_t* mModule;
+#else
+    bool openGralloc() { return true; }
+    void closeGralloc() {}
+    buffer_handle_t cloneBuffer(buffer_handle_t handle) { return handle; }
+    void releaseBuffer(buffer_handle_t) {}
+#endif
+};
+
+HandleImporter sHandleImporter;
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+BufferClone::BufferClone()
+    : mHandle(nullptr)
+{
+}
+
+BufferClone::BufferClone(BufferClone&& other)
+{
+    mHandle = other.mHandle;
+    other.mHandle = nullptr;
+}
+
+BufferClone& BufferClone::operator=(buffer_handle_t handle)
+{
+    clear();
+    mHandle = handle;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+BufferClone::~BufferClone()
+{
+    clear();
+}
+
+void BufferClone::clear()
+{
+    if (mHandle) {
+        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(mHandle);
+    }
+}
+
+HwcClient::HwcClient(HwcHal& hal)
+    : mHal(hal), mReader(*this), mWriter(kWriterInitialSize)
+{
+    if (!sHandleImporter.initialize()) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to initialize handle importer");
+    }
+}
+
+HwcClient::~HwcClient()
+{
+    mHal.enableCallback(false);
+    mHal.removeClient();
+
+    // no need to grab the mutex as any in-flight hwbinder call should keep
+    // the client alive
+    for (const auto& dpy : mDisplayData) {
+        if (!dpy.second.Layers.empty()) {
+            ALOGW("client destroyed with valid layers");
+        }
+        for (const auto& ly : dpy.second.Layers) {
+            mHal.destroyLayer(dpy.first, ly.first);
+        }
+
+        if (dpy.second.IsVirtual) {
+            ALOGW("client destroyed with valid virtual display");
+            mHal.destroyVirtualDisplay(dpy.first);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mDisplayData.clear();
+
+    sHandleImporter.cleanup();
+}
+
+void HwcClient::onHotplug(Display display,
+        IComposerCallback::Connection connected)
+{
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+        if (connected == IComposerCallback::Connection::CONNECTED) {
+            mDisplayData.emplace(display, DisplayData(false));
+        } else if (connected == IComposerCallback::Connection::DISCONNECTED) {
+            mDisplayData.erase(display);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mCallback->onHotplug(display, connected);
+}
+
+void HwcClient::onRefresh(Display display)
+{
+    mCallback->onRefresh(display);
+}
+
+void HwcClient::onVsync(Display display, int64_t timestamp)
+{
+    mCallback->onVsync(display, timestamp);
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback)
+{
+    // no locking as we require this function to be called only once
+    mCallback = callback;
+    mHal.enableCallback(callback != nullptr);
+
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<uint32_t> HwcClient::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount()
+{
+    return mHal.getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+        PixelFormat formatHint, uint32_t outputBufferSlotCount,
+        createVirtualDisplay_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    Display display;
+    Error err = mHal.createVirtualDisplay(width, height, formatHint, display);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+        auto dpy = mDisplayData.emplace(display, DisplayData(true)).first;
+        dpy->second.OutputBuffers.resize(outputBufferSlotCount);
+    }
+
+    hidl_cb(err, display, formatHint);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+        mDisplayData.erase(display);
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::createLayer(Display display, uint32_t bufferSlotCount,
+        createLayer_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    Layer layer;
+    Error err = mHal.createLayer(display, layer);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+        auto dpy = mDisplayData.find(display);
+        auto ly = dpy->second.Layers.emplace(layer, LayerBuffers()).first;
+        ly->second.Buffers.resize(bufferSlotCount);
+    }
+
+    hidl_cb(err, layer);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.destroyLayer(display, layer);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+        auto dpy = mDisplayData.find(display);
+        dpy->second.Layers.erase(layer);
+    }
+
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getActiveConfig(Display display,
+        getActiveConfig_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    Config config;
+    Error err = mHal.getActiveConfig(display, config);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, config);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
+        uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+        PixelFormat format, Dataspace dataspace)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.getClientTargetSupport(display,
+            width, height, format, dataspace);
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getColorModes(Display display, getColorModes_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    hidl_vec<ColorMode> modes;
+    Error err = mHal.getColorModes(display, modes);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, modes);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getDisplayAttribute(Display display,
+        Config config, Attribute attribute,
+        getDisplayAttribute_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    int32_t value;
+    Error err = mHal.getDisplayAttribute(display, config, attribute, value);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, value);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getDisplayConfigs(Display display,
+        getDisplayConfigs_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    hidl_vec<Config> configs;
+    Error err = mHal.getDisplayConfigs(display, configs);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, configs);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getDisplayName(Display display,
+        getDisplayName_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    hidl_string name;
+    Error err = mHal.getDisplayName(display, name);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, name);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getDisplayType(Display display,
+        getDisplayType_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    DisplayType type;
+    Error err = mHal.getDisplayType(display, type);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, type);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getDozeSupport(Display display,
+        getDozeSupport_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    bool support;
+    Error err = mHal.getDozeSupport(display, support);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, support);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getHdrCapabilities(Display display,
+        getHdrCapabilities_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    hidl_vec<Hdr> types;
+    float max_lumi = 0.0f;
+    float max_avg_lumi = 0.0f;
+    float min_lumi = 0.0f;
+    Error err = mHal.getHdrCapabilities(display, types,
+            max_lumi, max_avg_lumi, min_lumi);
+
+    hidl_cb(err, types, max_lumi, max_avg_lumi, min_lumi);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display,
+        uint32_t clientTargetSlotCount)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+    auto dpy = mDisplayData.find(display);
+    if (dpy == mDisplayData.end()) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    dpy->second.ClientTargets.resize(clientTargetSlotCount);
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.setActiveConfig(display, config);
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.setColorMode(display, mode);
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::setPowerMode(Display display, PowerMode mode)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.setPowerMode(display, mode);
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, Vsync enabled)
+{
+    Error err = mHal.setVsyncEnabled(display, enabled);
+    return err;
+}
+
+Return<Error> HwcClient::setInputCommandQueue(
+        const MQDescriptorSync& descriptor)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCommandMutex);
+    return mReader.setMQDescriptor(descriptor) ?
+        Error::NONE : Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::getOutputCommandQueue(
+        getOutputCommandQueue_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    // no locking as we require this function to be called inside
+    // executeCommands_cb
+
+    auto outDescriptor = mWriter.getMQDescriptor();
+    if (outDescriptor) {
+        hidl_cb(Error::NONE, *outDescriptor);
+    } else {
+        hidl_cb(Error::NO_RESOURCES, MQDescriptorSync(0, nullptr, 0));
+    }
+
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> HwcClient::executeCommands(uint32_t inLength,
+        const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& inHandles,
+        executeCommands_cb hidl_cb)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mCommandMutex);
+
+    bool outChanged = false;
+    uint32_t outLength = 0;
+    hidl_vec<hidl_handle> outHandles;
+
+    if (!mReader.readQueue(inLength, inHandles)) {
+        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_PARAMETER, outChanged, outLength, outHandles);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Error err = mReader.parse();
+    if (err == Error::NONE &&
+            !mWriter.writeQueue(outChanged, outLength, outHandles)) {
+        err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+    }
+
+    hidl_cb(err, outChanged, outLength, outHandles);
+
+    mReader.reset();
+    mWriter.reset();
+
+    return Void();
+}
+
+HwcClient::CommandReader::CommandReader(HwcClient& client)
+    : mClient(client), mHal(client.mHal), mWriter(client.mWriter)
+{
+}
+
+Error HwcClient::CommandReader::parse()
+{
+    IComposerClient::Command command;
+    uint16_t length;
+
+    while (!isEmpty()) {
+        if (!beginCommand(command, length)) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        bool parsed = false;
+        switch (command) {
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_DISPLAY:
+            parsed = parseSelectDisplay(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_LAYER:
+            parsed = parseSelectLayer(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM:
+            parsed = parseSetColorTransform(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET:
+            parsed = parseSetClientTarget(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER:
+            parsed = parseSetOutputBuffer(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY:
+            parsed = parseValidateDisplay(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES:
+            parsed = parseAcceptDisplayChanges(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY:
+            parsed = parsePresentDisplay(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_CURSOR_POSITION:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerCursorPosition(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_BUFFER:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerBuffer(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerSurfaceDamage(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerBlendMode(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_COLOR:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerColor(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerCompositionType(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_DATASPACE:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerDataspace(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerDisplayFrame(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerPlaneAlpha(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerSidebandStream(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerSourceCrop(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerTransform(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerVisibleRegion(length);
+            break;
+        case IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER:
+            parsed = parseSetLayerZOrder(length);
+            break;
+        default:
+            parsed = false;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        endCommand();
+
+        if (!parsed) {
+            ALOGE("failed to parse command 0x%x, length %" PRIu16,
+                    command, length);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return (isEmpty()) ? Error::NONE : Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSelectDisplayLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mDisplay = read64();
+    mWriter.selectDisplay(mDisplay);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSelectLayer(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSelectLayerLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mLayer = read64();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetColorTransform(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetColorTransformLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    float matrix[16];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+        matrix[i] = readFloat();
+    }
+    auto transform = readSigned();
+
+    auto err = mHal.setColorTransform(mDisplay, matrix, transform);
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetClientTarget(uint16_t length)
+{
+    // 4 parameters followed by N rectangles
+    if ((length - 4) % 4 != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool useCache;
+    auto slot = read();
+    auto clientTarget = readHandle(useCache);
+    auto fence = readFence();
+    auto dataspace = readSigned();
+    auto damage = readRegion((length - 4) / 4);
+
+    auto err = lookupBuffer(BufferCache::CLIENT_TARGETS,
+            slot, useCache, clientTarget);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        err = mHal.setClientTarget(mDisplay, clientTarget, fence,
+                dataspace, damage);
+    }
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        close(fence);
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetOutputBuffer(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetOutputBufferLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool useCache;
+    auto slot = read();
+    auto outputBuffer = readHandle(useCache);
+    auto fence = readFence();
+
+    auto err = lookupBuffer(BufferCache::OUTPUT_BUFFERS,
+            slot, useCache, outputBuffer);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        err = mHal.setOutputBuffer(mDisplay, outputBuffer, fence);
+    }
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        close(fence);
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseValidateDisplay(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kValidateDisplayLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Layer> changedLayers;
+    std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes;
+    uint32_t displayRequestMask;
+    std::vector<Layer> requestedLayers;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> requestMasks;
+
+    auto err = mHal.validateDisplay(mDisplay, changedLayers, compositionTypes,
+            displayRequestMask, requestedLayers, requestMasks);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setChangedCompositionTypes(changedLayers,
+                compositionTypes);
+        mWriter.setDisplayRequests(displayRequestMask,
+                requestedLayers, requestMasks);
+    } else {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseAcceptDisplayChanges(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kAcceptDisplayChangesLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.acceptDisplayChanges(mDisplay);
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parsePresentDisplay(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kPresentDisplayLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int presentFence;
+    std::vector<Layer> layers;
+    std::vector<int> fences;
+    auto err = mHal.presentDisplay(mDisplay, presentFence, layers, fences);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setPresentFence(presentFence);
+        mWriter.setReleaseFences(layers, fences);
+    } else {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerCursorPosition(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerCursorPositionLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerCursorPosition(mDisplay, mLayer,
+            readSigned(), readSigned());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerBuffer(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerBufferLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool useCache;
+    auto slot = read();
+    auto buffer = readHandle(useCache);
+    auto fence = readFence();
+
+    auto err = lookupBuffer(BufferCache::LAYER_BUFFERS,
+            slot, useCache, buffer);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        err = mHal.setLayerBuffer(mDisplay, mLayer, buffer, fence);
+    }
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        close(fence);
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerSurfaceDamage(uint16_t length)
+{
+    // N rectangles
+    if (length % 4 != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto damage = readRegion(length / 4);
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerSurfaceDamage(mDisplay, mLayer, damage);
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerBlendMode(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerBlendModeLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerBlendMode(mDisplay, mLayer, readSigned());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerColor(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerColorLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerColor(mDisplay, mLayer, readColor());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerCompositionType(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerCompositionTypeLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerCompositionType(mDisplay, mLayer, readSigned());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerDataspace(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerDataspaceLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerDataspace(mDisplay, mLayer, readSigned());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerDisplayFrame(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerDisplayFrameLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerDisplayFrame(mDisplay, mLayer, readRect());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerPlaneAlpha(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerPlaneAlphaLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerPlaneAlpha(mDisplay, mLayer, readFloat());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerSidebandStream(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerSidebandStreamLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto stream = readHandle();
+
+    auto err = lookupLayerSidebandStream(stream);
+    if (err == Error::NONE) {
+        err = mHal.setLayerSidebandStream(mDisplay, mLayer, stream);
+    }
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerSourceCrop(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerSourceCropLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerSourceCrop(mDisplay, mLayer, readFRect());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerTransform(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerTransformLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerTransform(mDisplay, mLayer, readSigned());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerVisibleRegion(uint16_t length)
+{
+    // N rectangles
+    if (length % 4 != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto region = readRegion(length / 4);
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerVisibleRegion(mDisplay, mLayer, region);
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HwcClient::CommandReader::parseSetLayerZOrder(uint16_t length)
+{
+    if (length != CommandWriter::kSetLayerZOrderLength) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto err = mHal.setLayerZOrder(mDisplay, mLayer, read());
+    if (err != Error::NONE) {
+        mWriter.setError(getCommandLoc(), err);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+hwc_rect_t HwcClient::CommandReader::readRect()
+{
+    return hwc_rect_t{
+        readSigned(),
+        readSigned(),
+        readSigned(),
+        readSigned(),
+    };
+}
+
+std::vector<hwc_rect_t> HwcClient::CommandReader::readRegion(size_t count)
+{
+    std::vector<hwc_rect_t> region;
+    region.reserve(count);
+    while (count > 0) {
+        region.emplace_back(readRect());
+        count--;
+    }
+
+    return region;
+}
+
+hwc_frect_t HwcClient::CommandReader::readFRect()
+{
+    return hwc_frect_t{
+        readFloat(),
+        readFloat(),
+        readFloat(),
+        readFloat(),
+    };
+}
+
+Error HwcClient::CommandReader::lookupBuffer(BufferCache cache, uint32_t slot,
+        bool useCache, buffer_handle_t& handle)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mClient.mDisplayDataMutex);
+
+    auto dpy = mClient.mDisplayData.find(mDisplay);
+    if (dpy == mClient.mDisplayData.end()) {
+        return Error::BAD_DISPLAY;
+    }
+
+    BufferClone* clone = nullptr;
+    switch (cache) {
+    case BufferCache::CLIENT_TARGETS:
+        if (slot < dpy->second.ClientTargets.size()) {
+            clone = &dpy->second.ClientTargets[slot];
+        }
+        break;
+    case BufferCache::OUTPUT_BUFFERS:
+        if (slot < dpy->second.OutputBuffers.size()) {
+            clone = &dpy->second.OutputBuffers[slot];
+        }
+        break;
+    case BufferCache::LAYER_BUFFERS:
+        {
+            auto ly = dpy->second.Layers.find(mLayer);
+            if (ly == dpy->second.Layers.end()) {
+                return Error::BAD_LAYER;
+            }
+            if (slot < ly->second.Buffers.size()) {
+                clone = &ly->second.Buffers[slot];
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    case BufferCache::LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAMS:
+        {
+            auto ly = dpy->second.Layers.find(mLayer);
+            if (ly == dpy->second.Layers.end()) {
+                return Error::BAD_LAYER;
+            }
+            if (slot == 0) {
+                clone = &ly->second.SidebandStream;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (!clone) {
+        ALOGW("invalid buffer slot");
+        return Error::BAD_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    // use or update cache
+    if (useCache) {
+        handle = *clone;
+    } else {
+        if (!sHandleImporter.importBuffer(handle)) {
+            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+
+        *clone = handle;
+    }
+
+    return Error::NONE;
+}
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace V2_1
+} // namespace composer
+} // namespace graphics
+} // namespace hardware
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/HwcClient.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/HwcClient.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9bc4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/HwcClient.h
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_V2_1_HWC_CLIENT_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_V2_1_HWC_CLIENT_H
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Hwc.h"
+#include "IComposerCommandBuffer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace composer {
+namespace V2_1 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+class BufferClone {
+public:
+    BufferClone();
+    BufferClone(BufferClone&& other);
+
+    BufferClone(const BufferClone& other) = delete;
+    BufferClone& operator=(const BufferClone& other) = delete;
+
+    BufferClone& operator=(buffer_handle_t handle);
+    ~BufferClone();
+
+    operator buffer_handle_t() const { return mHandle; }
+
+private:
+    void clear();
+
+    buffer_handle_t mHandle;
+};
+
+class HwcClient : public IComposerClient {
+public:
+    HwcClient(HwcHal& hal);
+    virtual ~HwcClient();
+
+    void onHotplug(Display display, IComposerCallback::Connection connected);
+    void onRefresh(Display display);
+    void onVsync(Display display, int64_t timestamp);
+
+    // IComposerClient interface
+    Return<void> registerCallback(
+            const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) override;
+    Return<uint32_t> getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() override;
+    Return<void> createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+            PixelFormat formatHint, uint32_t outputBufferSlotCount,
+            createVirtualDisplay_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<Error> destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) override;
+    Return<void> createLayer(Display display, uint32_t bufferSlotCount,
+            createLayer_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<Error> destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override;
+    Return<void> getActiveConfig(Display display,
+            getActiveConfig_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<Error> getClientTargetSupport(Display display,
+            uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+            PixelFormat format, Dataspace dataspace) override;
+    Return<void> getColorModes(Display display,
+            getColorModes_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getDisplayAttribute(Display display,
+            Config config, Attribute attribute,
+            getDisplayAttribute_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getDisplayConfigs(Display display,
+            getDisplayConfigs_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getDisplayName(Display display,
+            getDisplayName_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getDisplayType(Display display,
+            getDisplayType_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getDozeSupport(Display display,
+            getDozeSupport_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getHdrCapabilities(Display display,
+            getHdrCapabilities_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<Error> setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) override;
+    Return<Error> setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode) override;
+    Return<Error> setPowerMode(Display display, PowerMode mode) override;
+    Return<Error> setVsyncEnabled(Display display, Vsync enabled) override;
+    Return<Error> setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display,
+            uint32_t clientTargetSlotCount) override;
+    Return<Error> setInputCommandQueue(
+            const MQDescriptorSync& descriptor) override;
+    Return<void> getOutputCommandQueue(
+            getOutputCommandQueue_cb hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> executeCommands(uint32_t inLength,
+            const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& inHandles,
+            executeCommands_cb hidl_cb) override;
+
+private:
+    struct LayerBuffers {
+        std::vector<BufferClone> Buffers;
+        BufferClone SidebandStream;
+    };
+
+    struct DisplayData {
+        bool IsVirtual;
+
+        std::vector<BufferClone> ClientTargets;
+        std::vector<BufferClone> OutputBuffers;
+
+        std::unordered_map<Layer, LayerBuffers> Layers;
+
+        DisplayData(bool isVirtual) : IsVirtual(isVirtual) {}
+    };
+
+    class CommandReader : public CommandReaderBase {
+    public:
+        CommandReader(HwcClient& client);
+        Error parse();
+
+    private:
+        bool parseSelectDisplay(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSelectLayer(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetColorTransform(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetClientTarget(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetOutputBuffer(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseValidateDisplay(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseAcceptDisplayChanges(uint16_t length);
+        bool parsePresentDisplay(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerCursorPosition(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerBuffer(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerSurfaceDamage(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerBlendMode(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerColor(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerCompositionType(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerDataspace(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerDisplayFrame(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerPlaneAlpha(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerSidebandStream(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerSourceCrop(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerTransform(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerVisibleRegion(uint16_t length);
+        bool parseSetLayerZOrder(uint16_t length);
+
+        hwc_rect_t readRect();
+        std::vector<hwc_rect_t> readRegion(size_t count);
+        hwc_frect_t readFRect();
+
+        enum class BufferCache {
+            CLIENT_TARGETS,
+            OUTPUT_BUFFERS,
+            LAYER_BUFFERS,
+            LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAMS,
+        };
+        Error lookupBuffer(BufferCache cache, uint32_t slot,
+                bool useCache, buffer_handle_t& handle);
+
+        Error lookupLayerSidebandStream(buffer_handle_t& handle)
+        {
+            return lookupBuffer(BufferCache::LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAMS,
+                    0, false, handle);
+        }
+
+        HwcClient& mClient;
+        HwcHal& mHal;
+        CommandWriter& mWriter;
+
+        Display mDisplay;
+        Layer mLayer;
+    };
+
+    HwcHal& mHal;
+
+    // 64KiB minus a small space for metadata such as read/write pointers
+    static constexpr size_t kWriterInitialSize =
+        64 * 1024 / sizeof(uint32_t) - 16;
+    std::mutex mCommandMutex;
+    CommandReader mReader;
+    CommandWriter mWriter;
+
+    sp<IComposerCallback> mCallback;
+
+    std::mutex mDisplayDataMutex;
+    std::unordered_map<Display, DisplayData> mDisplayData;
+};
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace V2_1
+} // namespace composer
+} // namespace graphics
+} // namespace hardware
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_V2_1_HWC_CLIENT_H
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/default/IComposerCommandBuffer.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/IComposerCommandBuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..199a744
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/default/IComposerCommandBuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_COMMAND_BUFFER_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_COMMAND_BUFFER_H
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warn "IComposerCommandBuffer.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
+#undef LOG_NDEBUG
+#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <fmq/MessageQueue.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace composer {
+namespace V2_1 {
+
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorTransform;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Transform;
+using android::hardware::MessageQueue;
+
+using CommandQueueType = MessageQueue<uint32_t, kSynchronizedReadWrite>;
+
+// This class helps build a command queue.  Note that all sizes/lengths are in
+// units of uint32_t's.
+class CommandWriter {
+public:
+    CommandWriter(uint32_t initialMaxSize)
+        : mDataMaxSize(initialMaxSize)
+    {
+        mData = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(mDataMaxSize);
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    ~CommandWriter()
+    {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        mDataWritten = 0;
+        mCommandEnd = 0;
+
+        // handles in mDataHandles are owned by the caller
+        mDataHandles.clear();
+
+        // handles in mTemporaryHandles are owned by the writer
+        for (auto handle : mTemporaryHandles) {
+            native_handle_close(handle);
+            native_handle_delete(handle);
+        }
+        mTemporaryHandles.clear();
+    }
+
+    IComposerClient::Command getCommand(uint32_t offset)
+    {
+        uint32_t val = (offset < mDataWritten) ? mData[offset] : 0;
+        return static_cast<IComposerClient::Command>(val &
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(IComposerClient::Command::OPCODE_MASK));
+    }
+
+    bool writeQueue(bool& queueChanged, uint32_t& commandLength,
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& commandHandles)
+    {
+        // write data to queue, optionally resizing it
+        if (mQueue && (mDataMaxSize <= mQueue->getQuantumCount())) {
+            if (!mQueue->write(mData.get(), mDataWritten)) {
+                ALOGE("failed to write commands to message queue");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            queueChanged = false;
+        } else {
+            auto newQueue = std::make_unique<CommandQueueType>(mDataMaxSize);
+            if (!newQueue->isValid() ||
+                    !newQueue->write(mData.get(), mDataWritten)) {
+                ALOGE("failed to prepare a new message queue ");
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            mQueue = std::move(newQueue);
+            queueChanged = true;
+        }
+
+        commandLength = mDataWritten;
+        commandHandles.setToExternal(
+                const_cast<hidl_handle*>(mDataHandles.data()),
+                mDataHandles.size());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const MQDescriptorSync* getMQDescriptor() const
+    {
+        return (mQueue) ? mQueue->getDesc() : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSelectDisplayLength = 2;
+    void selectDisplay(Display display)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_DISPLAY,
+                kSelectDisplayLength);
+        write64(display);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSelectLayerLength = 2;
+    void selectLayer(Layer layer)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SELECT_LAYER,
+                kSelectLayerLength);
+        write64(layer);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetErrorLength = 2;
+    void setError(uint32_t location, Error error)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_ERROR, kSetErrorLength);
+        write(location);
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(error));
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    void setChangedCompositionTypes(const std::vector<Layer>& layers,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>& types)
+    {
+        size_t totalLayers = std::min(layers.size(), types.size());
+        size_t currentLayer = 0;
+
+        while (currentLayer < totalLayers) {
+            size_t count = std::min(totalLayers - currentLayer,
+                    static_cast<size_t>(kMaxLength) / 3);
+
+            beginCommand(
+                    IComposerClient::Command::SET_CHANGED_COMPOSITION_TYPES,
+                    count * 3);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                write64(layers[currentLayer + i]);
+                writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(types[currentLayer + i]));
+            }
+            endCommand();
+
+            currentLayer += count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void setDisplayRequests(uint32_t displayRequestMask,
+            const std::vector<Layer>& layers,
+            const std::vector<uint32_t>& layerRequestMasks)
+    {
+        size_t totalLayers = std::min(layers.size(),
+                layerRequestMasks.size());
+        size_t currentLayer = 0;
+
+        while (currentLayer < totalLayers) {
+            size_t count = std::min(totalLayers - currentLayer,
+                    static_cast<size_t>(kMaxLength - 1) / 3);
+
+            beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_DISPLAY_REQUESTS,
+                    1 + count * 3);
+            write(displayRequestMask);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                write64(layers[currentLayer + i]);
+                write(static_cast<int32_t>(layerRequestMasks[currentLayer + i]));
+            }
+            endCommand();
+
+            currentLayer += count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetPresentFenceLength = 1;
+    void setPresentFence(int presentFence)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_PRESENT_FENCE,
+                kSetPresentFenceLength);
+        writeFence(presentFence);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    void setReleaseFences(const std::vector<Layer>& layers,
+            const std::vector<int>& releaseFences)
+    {
+        size_t totalLayers = std::min(layers.size(), releaseFences.size());
+        size_t currentLayer = 0;
+
+        while (currentLayer < totalLayers) {
+            size_t count = std::min(totalLayers - currentLayer,
+                    static_cast<size_t>(kMaxLength) / 3);
+
+            beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_RELEASE_FENCES,
+                    count * 3);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                write64(layers[currentLayer + i]);
+                writeFence(releaseFences[currentLayer + i]);
+            }
+            endCommand();
+
+            currentLayer += count;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetColorTransformLength = 17;
+    void setColorTransform(const float* matrix, ColorTransform hint)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_COLOR_TRANSFORM,
+                kSetColorTransformLength);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            writeFloat(matrix[i]);
+        }
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(hint));
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    void setClientTarget(uint32_t slot, const native_handle_t* target,
+            int acquireFence, Dataspace dataspace,
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage)
+    {
+        bool doWrite = (damage.size() <= (kMaxLength - 4) / 4);
+        size_t length = 4 + ((doWrite) ? damage.size() * 4 : 0);
+
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_CLIENT_TARGET, length);
+        write(slot);
+        writeHandle(target, true);
+        writeFence(acquireFence);
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(dataspace));
+        // When there are too many rectangles in the damage region and doWrite
+        // is false, we write no rectangle at all which means the entire
+        // client target is damaged.
+        if (doWrite) {
+            writeRegion(damage);
+        }
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetOutputBufferLength = 3;
+    void setOutputBuffer(uint32_t slot, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+            int releaseFence)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER,
+                kSetOutputBufferLength);
+        write(slot);
+        writeHandle(buffer, true);
+        writeFence(releaseFence);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kValidateDisplayLength = 0;
+    void validateDisplay()
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::VALIDATE_DISPLAY,
+                kValidateDisplayLength);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kAcceptDisplayChangesLength = 0;
+    void acceptDisplayChanges()
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::ACCEPT_DISPLAY_CHANGES,
+                kAcceptDisplayChangesLength);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kPresentDisplayLength = 0;
+    void presentDisplay()
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::PRESENT_DISPLAY,
+                kPresentDisplayLength);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerCursorPositionLength = 2;
+    void setLayerCursorPosition(int32_t x, int32_t y)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_CURSOR_POSITION,
+                kSetLayerCursorPositionLength);
+        writeSigned(x);
+        writeSigned(y);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerBufferLength = 3;
+    void setLayerBuffer(uint32_t slot, const native_handle_t* buffer,
+            int acquireFence)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_BUFFER,
+                kSetLayerBufferLength);
+        write(slot);
+        writeHandle(buffer, true);
+        writeFence(acquireFence);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    void setLayerSurfaceDamage(
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& damage)
+    {
+        bool doWrite = (damage.size() <= kMaxLength / 4);
+        size_t length = (doWrite) ? damage.size() * 4 : 0;
+
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE,
+                length);
+        // When there are too many rectangles in the damage region and doWrite
+        // is false, we write no rectangle at all which means the entire
+        // layer is damaged.
+        if (doWrite) {
+            writeRegion(damage);
+        }
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerBlendModeLength = 1;
+    void setLayerBlendMode(IComposerClient::BlendMode mode)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE,
+                kSetLayerBlendModeLength);
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(mode));
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerColorLength = 1;
+    void setLayerColor(IComposerClient::Color color)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_COLOR,
+                kSetLayerColorLength);
+        writeColor(color);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerCompositionTypeLength = 1;
+    void setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition type)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE,
+                kSetLayerCompositionTypeLength);
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(type));
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerDataspaceLength = 1;
+    void setLayerDataspace(Dataspace dataspace)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_DATASPACE,
+                kSetLayerDataspaceLength);
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(dataspace));
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerDisplayFrameLength = 4;
+    void setLayerDisplayFrame(const IComposerClient::Rect& frame)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME,
+                kSetLayerDisplayFrameLength);
+        writeRect(frame);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerPlaneAlphaLength = 1;
+    void setLayerPlaneAlpha(float alpha)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA,
+                kSetLayerPlaneAlphaLength);
+        writeFloat(alpha);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerSidebandStreamLength = 1;
+    void setLayerSidebandStream(const native_handle_t* stream)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM,
+                kSetLayerSidebandStreamLength);
+        writeHandle(stream);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerSourceCropLength = 4;
+    void setLayerSourceCrop(const IComposerClient::FRect& crop)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP,
+                kSetLayerSourceCropLength);
+        writeFRect(crop);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerTransformLength = 1;
+    void setLayerTransform(Transform transform)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM,
+                kSetLayerTransformLength);
+        writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>(transform));
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    void setLayerVisibleRegion(
+            const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& visible)
+    {
+        bool doWrite = (visible.size() <= kMaxLength / 4);
+        size_t length = (doWrite) ? visible.size() * 4 : 0;
+
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION,
+                length);
+        // When there are too many rectangles in the visible region and
+        // doWrite is false, we write no rectangle at all which means the
+        // entire layer is visible.
+        if (doWrite) {
+            writeRegion(visible);
+        }
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kSetLayerZOrderLength = 1;
+    void setLayerZOrder(uint32_t z)
+    {
+        beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER,
+                kSetLayerZOrderLength);
+        write(z);
+        endCommand();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command command, uint16_t length)
+    {
+        if (mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("endCommand was not called before command 0x%x",
+                    command);
+        }
+
+        growData(1 + length);
+        write(static_cast<uint32_t>(command) | length);
+
+        mCommandEnd = mDataWritten + length;
+    }
+
+    void endCommand()
+    {
+        if (!mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("beginCommand was not called");
+        } else if (mDataWritten > mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("too much data written");
+            mDataWritten = mCommandEnd;
+        } else if (mDataWritten < mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("too little data written");
+            while (mDataWritten < mCommandEnd) {
+                write(0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mCommandEnd = 0;
+    }
+
+    void write(uint32_t val)
+    {
+        mData[mDataWritten++] = val;
+    }
+
+    void writeSigned(int32_t val)
+    {
+        memcpy(&mData[mDataWritten++], &val, sizeof(val));
+    }
+
+    void writeFloat(float val)
+    {
+        memcpy(&mData[mDataWritten++], &val, sizeof(val));
+    }
+
+    void write64(uint64_t val)
+    {
+        uint32_t lo = static_cast<uint32_t>(val & 0xffffffff);
+        uint32_t hi = static_cast<uint32_t>(val >> 32);
+        write(lo);
+        write(hi);
+    }
+
+    void writeRect(const IComposerClient::Rect& rect)
+    {
+        writeSigned(rect.left);
+        writeSigned(rect.top);
+        writeSigned(rect.right);
+        writeSigned(rect.bottom);
+    }
+
+    void writeRegion(const std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>& region)
+    {
+        for (const auto& rect : region) {
+            writeRect(rect);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void writeFRect(const IComposerClient::FRect& rect)
+    {
+        writeFloat(rect.left);
+        writeFloat(rect.top);
+        writeFloat(rect.right);
+        writeFloat(rect.bottom);
+    }
+
+    void writeColor(const IComposerClient::Color& color)
+    {
+        write((color.r <<  0) |
+              (color.g <<  8) |
+              (color.b << 16) |
+              (color.a << 24));
+    }
+
+    // ownership of handle is not transferred
+    void writeHandle(const native_handle_t* handle, bool useCache)
+    {
+        if (!handle) {
+            writeSigned(static_cast<int32_t>((useCache) ?
+                        IComposerClient::HandleIndex::CACHED :
+                        IComposerClient::HandleIndex::EMPTY));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        mDataHandles.push_back(handle);
+        writeSigned(mDataHandles.size() - 1);
+    }
+
+    void writeHandle(const native_handle_t* handle)
+    {
+        writeHandle(handle, false);
+    }
+
+    // ownership of fence is transferred
+    void writeFence(int fence)
+    {
+        native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+        if (fence >= 0) {
+            handle = getTemporaryHandle(1, 0);
+            if (handle) {
+                handle->data[0] = fence;
+            } else {
+                ALOGW("failed to get temporary handle for fence %d", fence);
+                sync_wait(fence, -1);
+                close(fence);
+            }
+        }
+
+        writeHandle(handle);
+    }
+
+    native_handle_t* getTemporaryHandle(int numFds, int numInts)
+    {
+        native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(numFds, numInts);
+        if (handle) {
+            mTemporaryHandles.push_back(handle);
+        }
+        return handle;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr uint16_t kMaxLength =
+        std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max();
+
+private:
+    void growData(uint32_t grow)
+    {
+        uint32_t newWritten = mDataWritten + grow;
+        if (newWritten < mDataWritten) {
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("buffer overflowed; data written %" PRIu32
+                    ", growing by %" PRIu32, mDataWritten, grow);
+        }
+
+        if (newWritten <= mDataMaxSize) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t newMaxSize = mDataMaxSize << 1;
+        if (newMaxSize < newWritten) {
+            newMaxSize = newWritten;
+        }
+
+        auto newData = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(newMaxSize);
+        std::copy_n(mData.get(), mDataWritten, newData.get());
+        mDataMaxSize = newMaxSize;
+        mData = std::move(newData);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mDataMaxSize;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> mData;
+
+    uint32_t mDataWritten;
+    // end offset of the current command
+    uint32_t mCommandEnd;
+
+    std::vector<hidl_handle> mDataHandles;
+    std::vector<native_handle_t *> mTemporaryHandles;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<CommandQueueType> mQueue;
+};
+
+// This class helps parse a command queue.  Note that all sizes/lengths are in
+// units of uint32_t's.
+class CommandReaderBase {
+public:
+    CommandReaderBase() : mDataMaxSize(0)
+    {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    bool setMQDescriptor(const MQDescriptorSync& descriptor)
+    {
+        mQueue = std::make_unique<CommandQueueType>(descriptor, false);
+        if (mQueue->isValid()) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            mQueue = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool readQueue(uint32_t commandLength,
+            const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& commandHandles)
+    {
+        if (!mQueue) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto quantumCount = mQueue->getQuantumCount();
+        if (mDataMaxSize < quantumCount) {
+            mDataMaxSize = quantumCount;
+            mData = std::make_unique<uint32_t[]>(mDataMaxSize);
+        }
+
+        if (commandLength > mDataMaxSize ||
+                !mQueue->read(mData.get(), commandLength)) {
+            ALOGE("failed to read commands from message queue");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        mDataSize = commandLength;
+        mDataRead = 0;
+        mCommandBegin = 0;
+        mCommandEnd = 0;
+        mDataHandles.setToExternal(
+                const_cast<hidl_handle*>(commandHandles.data()),
+                commandHandles.size());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        mDataSize = 0;
+        mDataRead = 0;
+        mCommandBegin = 0;
+        mCommandEnd = 0;
+        mDataHandles.setToExternal(nullptr, 0);
+    }
+
+protected:
+    bool isEmpty() const
+    {
+        return (mDataRead >= mDataSize);
+    }
+
+    bool beginCommand(IComposerClient::Command& command, uint16_t& length)
+    {
+        if (mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("endCommand was not called before command 0x%x",
+                    command);
+        }
+
+        constexpr uint32_t opcode_mask =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(IComposerClient::Command::OPCODE_MASK);
+        constexpr uint32_t length_mask =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(IComposerClient::Command::LENGTH_MASK);
+
+        uint32_t val = read();
+        command = static_cast<IComposerClient::Command>(val & opcode_mask);
+        length = static_cast<uint16_t>(val & length_mask);
+
+        if (mDataRead + length > mDataSize) {
+            ALOGE("command 0x%x has invalid command length %" PRIu16,
+                    command, length);
+            // undo the read() above
+            mDataRead--;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        mCommandEnd = mDataRead + length;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void endCommand()
+    {
+        if (!mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("beginCommand was not called");
+        } else if (mDataRead > mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("too much data read");
+            mDataRead = mCommandEnd;
+        } else if (mDataRead < mCommandEnd) {
+            LOG_FATAL("too little data read");
+            mDataRead = mCommandEnd;
+        }
+
+        mCommandBegin = mCommandEnd;
+        mCommandEnd = 0;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t getCommandLoc() const
+    {
+        return mCommandBegin;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t read()
+    {
+        return mData[mDataRead++];
+    }
+
+    int32_t readSigned()
+    {
+        int32_t val;
+        memcpy(&val, &mData[mDataRead++], sizeof(val));
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    float readFloat()
+    {
+        float val;
+        memcpy(&val, &mData[mDataRead++], sizeof(val));
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t read64()
+    {
+        uint32_t lo = read();
+        uint32_t hi = read();
+        return (static_cast<uint64_t>(hi) << 32) | lo;
+    }
+
+    IComposerClient::Color readColor()
+    {
+        uint32_t val = read();
+        return IComposerClient::Color{
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((val >>  0) & 0xff),
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((val >>  8) & 0xff),
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 16) & 0xff),
+            static_cast<uint8_t>((val >> 24) & 0xff),
+        };
+    }
+
+    // ownership of handle is not transferred
+    const native_handle_t* readHandle(bool& useCache)
+    {
+        const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+
+        int32_t index = readSigned();
+        switch (index) {
+        case static_cast<int32_t>(IComposerClient::HandleIndex::EMPTY):
+            useCache = false;
+            break;
+        case static_cast<int32_t>(IComposerClient::HandleIndex::CACHED):
+            useCache = true;
+            break;
+        default:
+            if (static_cast<size_t>(index) < mDataHandles.size()) {
+                handle = mDataHandles[index].getNativeHandle();
+            } else {
+                ALOGE("invalid handle index %zu", static_cast<size_t>(index));
+            }
+            useCache = false;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return handle;
+    }
+
+    const native_handle_t* readHandle()
+    {
+        bool useCache;
+        return readHandle(useCache);
+    }
+
+    // ownership of fence is transferred
+    int readFence()
+    {
+        auto handle = readHandle();
+        if (!handle || handle->numFds == 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (handle->numFds != 1) {
+            ALOGE("invalid fence handle with %d fds", handle->numFds);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int fd = dup(handle->data[0]);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            ALOGW("failed to dup fence %d", handle->data[0]);
+            sync_wait(handle->data[0], -1);
+            fd = -1;
+        }
+
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<CommandQueueType> mQueue;
+    uint32_t mDataMaxSize;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint32_t[]> mData;
+
+    uint32_t mDataSize;
+    uint32_t mDataRead;
+
+    // begin/end offsets of the current command
+    uint32_t mCommandBegin;
+    uint32_t mCommandEnd;
+
+    hidl_vec<hidl_handle> mDataHandles;
+};
+
+} // namespace V2_1
+} // namespace composer
+} // namespace graphics
+} // namespace hardware
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_COMMAND_BUFFER_H
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/types.hal b/graphics/composer/2.1/types.hal
index 9c2e1d7..e54031e 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/types.hal
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/types.hal
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
     BAD_DISPLAY     = 2, /* invalid Display */
     BAD_LAYER       = 3, /* invalid Layer */
     BAD_PARAMETER   = 4, /* invalid width, height, etc. */
-    HAS_CHANGES     = 5,
+    /* 5 is reserved */
     NO_RESOURCES    = 6, /* temporary failure due to resource contention */
     NOT_VALIDATED   = 7, /* validateDisplay has not been called */
     UNSUPPORTED     = 8, /* permanent failure */
diff --git a/ir/1.0/IConsumerIr.hal b/ir/1.0/IConsumerIr.hal
index f928c0e..f9e6316 100644
--- a/ir/1.0/IConsumerIr.hal
+++ b/ir/1.0/IConsumerIr.hal
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
      *
      * returns: true on success, false on error.
      */
-    transmit(int32_t carrierFreq, vec<int32_t> pattern, int32_t patternLen) generates (bool success);
+    transmit(int32_t carrierFreq, vec<int32_t> pattern) generates (bool success);
 
     /*
      * getCarrierFreqs() enumerates which frequencies the IR transmitter supports.
diff --git a/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.cpp b/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.cpp
index 763e09a..8cfb2e8 100644
--- a/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.cpp
+++ b/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 }
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::consumerir::V1_0::IConsumerIr follow.
-Return<bool> ConsumerIr::transmit(int32_t carrierFreq, const hidl_vec<int32_t>& pattern, int32_t patternLen) {
-    return mDevice->transmit(mDevice, carrierFreq, pattern.data(), patternLen) == 0;
+Return<bool> ConsumerIr::transmit(int32_t carrierFreq, const hidl_vec<int32_t>& pattern) {
+    return mDevice->transmit(mDevice, carrierFreq, pattern.data(), pattern.size()) == 0;
 }
 
 Return<void> ConsumerIr::getCarrierFreqs(getCarrierFreqs_cb _hidl_cb) {
diff --git a/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.h b/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.h
index 527c577..1532183 100644
--- a/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.h
+++ b/ir/1.0/default/ConsumerIr.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 struct ConsumerIr : public IConsumerIr {
     ConsumerIr(consumerir_device_t *device);
     // Methods from ::android::hardware::ir::V1_0::IConsumerIr follow.
-    Return<bool> transmit(int32_t carrierFreq, const hidl_vec<int32_t>& pattern, int32_t patternLen) override;
+    Return<bool> transmit(int32_t carrierFreq, const hidl_vec<int32_t>& pattern) override;
     Return<void> getCarrierFreqs(getCarrierFreqs_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 private:
     consumerir_device_t *mDevice;
diff --git a/light/2.0/Android.bp b/light/2.0/Android.bp
index 60e8f8e..a98801c 100644
--- a/light/2.0/Android.bp
+++ b/light/2.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.light@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/light/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/light/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "ILight.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/Light.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.light@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/light/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/light/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "ILight.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/light/2.0/Light.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.light.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.light@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk b/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk
index 0df4772..089503b 100644
--- a/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/light/2.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,34 +16,4 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Light v2.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_light@2.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-    Light.vts \
-    types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-    android.hardware.light@2.0 \
-    libbase \
-    libutils \
-    libcutils \
-    liblog \
-    libhidlbase \
-    libhidltransport \
-    libhwbinder \
-    libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-    libvts_common \
-    libvts_datatype \
-    libvts_measurement \
-    libvts_multidevice_proto
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/media/1.0/types.hal b/media/1.0/types.hal
index 98dfe14..89b7fa2 100644
--- a/media/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/media/1.0/types.hal
@@ -27,28 +27,28 @@
 
 /**
  * Ref: frameworks/native/include/ui/GraphicBuffer.h
- * Ref: system/core/include/system/window.h
+ * Ref: system/core/include/system/window.h: ANativeWindowBuffer
  */
 
 /**
  * This struct contains attributes for a gralloc buffer that can be put into a
  * union.
  */
-struct GraphicBufferAttributes {
+struct AnwBufferAttributes {
     uint32_t width;
     uint32_t height;
     uint32_t stride;
     PixelFormat format;
     uint32_t usage; // TODO: convert to an enum
-    uint32_t generationNumber;
+    uint64_t layerCount;
 };
 
 /**
- * A GraphicBuffer is simply GraphicBufferAttributes plus a native handle.
+ * An AnwBuffer is simply AnwBufferAttributes plus a native handle.
  */
-struct GraphicBuffer {
+struct AnwBuffer {
     handle nativeHandle;
-    GraphicBufferAttributes attr;
+    AnwBufferAttributes attr;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/media/omx/1.0/IGraphicBufferSource.hal b/media/omx/1.0/IGraphicBufferSource.hal
index a5b5813..9b3ab0c 100644
--- a/media/omx/1.0/IGraphicBufferSource.hal
+++ b/media/omx/1.0/IGraphicBufferSource.hal
@@ -29,32 +29,23 @@
  */
 interface IGraphicBufferSource {
 
-    configure(IOmxNode omxNode, Dataspace dataspace)
-        generates (Status status);
+    configure(IOmxNode omxNode, Dataspace dataspace);
 
-    setSuspend(bool suspend)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setSuspend(bool suspend);
 
-    setRepeatPreviousFrameDelayUs(int64_t repeatAfterUs)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setRepeatPreviousFrameDelayUs(int64_t repeatAfterUs);
 
-    setMaxFps(float maxFps)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setMaxFps(float maxFps);
 
-    setTimeLapseConfig(int64_t timePerFrameUs, int64_t timePerCaptureUs)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setTimeLapseConfig(int64_t timePerFrameUs, int64_t timePerCaptureUs);
 
-    setStartTimeUs(int64_t startTimeUs)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setStartTimeUs(int64_t startTimeUs);
 
-    setColorAspects(ColorAspects aspects)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setColorAspects(ColorAspects aspects);
 
-    setTimeOffsetUs(int64_t timeOffsetUs)
-        generates (Status status);
+    setTimeOffsetUs(int64_t timeOffsetUs);
 
-    signalEndOfInputStream()
-        generates (Status status);
+    signalEndOfInputStream();
 
 };
 
diff --git a/media/omx/1.0/IOmxNode.hal b/media/omx/1.0/IOmxNode.hal
index 9483be4..5945b44 100644
--- a/media/omx/1.0/IOmxNode.hal
+++ b/media/omx/1.0/IOmxNode.hal
@@ -46,14 +46,14 @@
      * Invoke a command on the node.
      *
      * @param[in] cmd indicates the type of the command.
-     * @param[in] info holds information about the command.
+     * @param[in] param is a parameter for the command.
      * @param[out] status will be the status of the call.
      *
      * @see OMX_SendCommand() in the OpenMax IL standard.
      */
     sendCommand(
             uint32_t cmd,
-            Bytes info // TODO: describe structure better or point at standard
+            int32_t param
         ) generates (
             Status status
         );
diff --git a/media/omx/1.0/types.hal b/media/omx/1.0/types.hal
index 79c3a44..ccb2ddf 100644
--- a/media/omx/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/media/omx/1.0/types.hal
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
     NAME_NOT_FOUND          = -2,
     NO_MEMORY               = -12,
+    BAD_VALUE               = -22,
     ERROR_UNSUPPORTED       = -1010,
     UNKNOWN_ERROR           = -2147483648,
 };
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@
         SharedMemoryAttributes sharedMem;
 
         // if bufferType == ANW_BUFFER
-        GraphicBufferAttributes anwBuffer;
+        AnwBufferAttributes anwBuffer;
 
         // if bufferType == NATIVE_HANDLE
         // No additional attributes.
diff --git a/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp b/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp
index b56ffeb..c80ebf8 100644
--- a/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/memtrack/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.memtrack@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IMemtrack.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/Memtrack.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.memtrack@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IMemtrack.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/Memtrack.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.memtrack.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.memtrack@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 8a5ceb1..4a5ca4f 100644
--- a/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/memtrack/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for memtrack v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_memtrack@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Memtrack.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.memtrack@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for memtrack.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/nfc/1.0/Android.bp b/nfc/1.0/Android.bp
index 0c70f10..930fb14 100644
--- a/nfc/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/nfc/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 genrule {
     name: "android.hardware.nfc.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
     tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
-    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -L vts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
     srcs: [
         "types.hal",
         "INfc.hal",
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 genrule {
     name: "android.hardware.nfc.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
     tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
-    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -L vts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.nfc@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/nfc/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/nfc/1.0/",
     srcs: [
         "types.hal",
         "INfc.hal",
diff --git a/nfc/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/nfc/hidl/host/NfcHidlBasicTest.py b/nfc/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/nfc/hidl/host/NfcHidlBasicTest.py
index ede7897..136704a 100644
--- a/nfc/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/nfc/hidl/host/NfcHidlBasicTest.py
+++ b/nfc/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/nfc/hidl/host/NfcHidlBasicTest.py
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
                                  target_version=1.0,
                                  target_package="android.hardware.nfc",
                                  target_component_name="INfc",
+                                 hw_binder_service_name="nfc_nci",
                                  bits=64)
 
     def tearDownClass(self):
diff --git a/power/1.0/Android.bp b/power/1.0/Android.bp
index 3503f0e..2eb9e34 100644
--- a/power/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/power/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.power@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/power/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/power/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IPower.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/Power.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.power@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/power/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/power/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IPower.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/power/1.0/Power.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.power.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.power@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 4164baf..db7e98e 100644
--- a/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/power/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Power v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_power@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Power.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.power@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for power.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/power/1.0/vts/functional/power_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/power/1.0/vts/functional/power_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index 8833c04..045a34b 100644
--- a/power/1.0/vts/functional/power_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/power/1.0/vts/functional/power_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -35,18 +35,8 @@
 class PowerHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
  public:
   virtual void SetUp() override {
-    // TODO(b/33385836) Delete copied code
-    bool getStub = false;
-    char getSubProperty[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    if (property_get("vts.hidl.get_stub", getSubProperty, "") > 0) {
-        if (!strcmp(getSubProperty, "true") || !strcmp(getSubProperty, "True") ||
-            !strcmp(getSubProperty, "1")) {
-            getStub = true;
-        }
-    }
-    power = IPower::getService("power", getStub);
+    power = IPower::getService("power");
     ASSERT_NE(power, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_EQ(!getStub, power->isRemote());
   }
 
   virtual void TearDown() override {}
diff --git a/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml b/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml
index bb80de2..0eb2142 100644
--- a/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
             _32bit::DATA/nativetest/power_hidl_hal_test/power_hidl_hal_test,
             _64bit::DATA/nativetest64/power_hidl_hal_test/power_hidl_hal_test,
             "/>
+        <option name="test-config-path" value="vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/HalPowerHidlTargetTest.config" />
         <option name="binary-test-type" value="gtest" />
         <option name="test-timeout" value="1m" />
     </test>
diff --git a/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/HalPowerHidlTargetTest.config b/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/HalPowerHidlTargetTest.config
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54c0175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/power/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/power/hidl/target/HalPowerHidlTargetTest.config
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+    "use_gae_db": true,
+    "coverage": true,
+    "modules": [
+        {
+            "module_name": "system/lib64/hw/power.bullhead",
+            "git_project": {
+                "name": "device/lge/bullhead",
+                "path": "device/lge/bullhead"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "module_name": "system/lib64/hw/power.marlin",
+            "git_project": {
+                "name": "device/google/marlin",
+                "path": "device/google/marlin"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "module_name": "system/lib64/hw/power.sailfish",
+            "git_project": {
+                "name": "device/google/marlin",
+                "path": "device/google/marlin"
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            "module_name": "system/lib64/hw/android.hardware.power@1.0-impl",
+            "git_project": {
+                "name": "platform/hardware/interfaces",
+                "path": "hardware/interfaces"
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/tests/bar/1.0/Android.bp b/tests/bar/1.0/Android.bp
index 6ef8ac2..e4c79fa 100644
--- a/tests/bar/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/bar/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@
     cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lc++ -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.tests.bar@1.0",
     srcs: [
         "IBar.hal",
+        "IComplicated.hal",
         "IImportTypes.hal",
     ],
     out: [
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BarAll.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/ComplicatedAll.cpp",
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/ImportTypesAll.cpp",
     ],
 }
@@ -20,6 +22,7 @@
     cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lc++ -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.tests.bar@1.0",
     srcs: [
         "IBar.hal",
+        "IComplicated.hal",
         "IImportTypes.hal",
     ],
     out: [
@@ -28,6 +31,11 @@
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BnBar.h",
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BpBar.h",
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BsBar.h",
+        "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/IComplicated.h",
+        "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/IHwComplicated.h",
+        "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BnComplicated.h",
+        "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BpComplicated.h",
+        "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BsComplicated.h",
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/IImportTypes.h",
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/IHwImportTypes.h",
         "android/hardware/tests/bar/1.0/BnImportTypes.h",
diff --git a/tests/bar/1.0/IBar.hal b/tests/bar/1.0/IBar.hal
index 21c3473..5f94d07 100644
--- a/tests/bar/1.0/IBar.hal
+++ b/tests/bar/1.0/IBar.hal
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
 package android.hardware.tests.bar@1.0;
 
 import android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::IFoo;
+import android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::ISimple;
 import android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::Abc;
 import android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::Unrelated;
 
+import IComplicated;
+
 interface IBar extends android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::IFoo {
 
     typedef android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::IFoo FunkyAlias;
@@ -33,4 +36,6 @@
     expectNullHandle(handle h, Abc xyz) generates (bool hIsNull, bool xyzHasNull);
     takeAMask(BitField bf, bitfield<BitField> first, MyMask second, Mask third)
             generates (BitField bf, uint8_t first, uint8_t second, uint8_t third);
+
+    haveAInterface(ISimple i) generates (ISimple i);
 };
diff --git a/tests/bar/1.0/IComplicated.hal b/tests/bar/1.0/IComplicated.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..deaef8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/bar/1.0/IComplicated.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.tests.bar@1.0;
+
+import android.hardware.tests.foo@1.0::ISimple;
+
+interface IComplicated extends ISimple {
+};
diff --git a/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.cpp b/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.cpp
index a750fe4..4152bb9 100644
--- a/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.cpp
+++ b/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.cpp
@@ -165,6 +165,13 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
+Return<void> Bar::haveAInterface(const sp<ISimple> &in,
+            haveAInterface_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    _hidl_cb(in);
+    return Void();
+}
+
+
 IBar* HIDL_FETCH_IBar(const char* /* name */) {
     return new Bar();
 }
diff --git a/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.h b/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.h
index 71737fe..70bffe7 100644
--- a/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.h
+++ b/tests/bar/1.0/default/Bar.h
@@ -71,6 +71,8 @@
 
     Return<void> takeAMask(BitField bf, uint8_t first, const MyMask& second, uint8_t third,
             takeAMask_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> haveAInterface(const sp<ISimple> &in,
+            haveAInterface_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
 private:
     sp<IFoo> mFoo;
diff --git a/tests/baz/1.0/IBaz.hal b/tests/baz/1.0/IBaz.hal
index 3e1e2b9..7c5d63a 100644
--- a/tests/baz/1.0/IBaz.hal
+++ b/tests/baz/1.0/IBaz.hal
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@
     doStuffAndReturnAString() generates (string something);
     mapThisVector(vec<int32_t> param) generates (vec<int32_t> something);
     callMe(IBazCallback cb);
+
+    callMeLater(IBazCallback cb);
+    iAmFreeNow();
+
     useAnEnum(SomeEnum zzz) generates (SomeEnum kkk);
 
     haveSomeStrings(string[3] array) generates (string[2] result);
diff --git a/tests/baz/1.0/IBazCallback.hal b/tests/baz/1.0/IBazCallback.hal
index b59a107..503b970 100644
--- a/tests/baz/1.0/IBazCallback.hal
+++ b/tests/baz/1.0/IBazCallback.hal
@@ -18,4 +18,5 @@
 
 interface IBazCallback {
     heyItsMe(IBazCallback cb);
+    hey();
 };
diff --git a/tests/foo/1.0/ISimple.hal b/tests/foo/1.0/ISimple.hal
index 92e9d95..0d45835 100644
--- a/tests/foo/1.0/ISimple.hal
+++ b/tests/foo/1.0/ISimple.hal
@@ -18,4 +18,8 @@
 
 interface ISimple {
     getCookie() generates (int32_t cookie);
+    customVecInt() generates (vec<int32_t> chain);
+    customVecStr() generates (vec<string> chain);
+    mystr() generates (string str);
+    myhandle() generates (handle str);
 };
diff --git a/thermal/1.0/Android.bp b/thermal/1.0/Android.bp
index b887f16..c73ab42 100644
--- a/thermal/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/thermal/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.thermal@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/thermal/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/thermal/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IThermal.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/Thermal.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.thermal@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/thermal/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/thermal/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IThermal.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/thermal/1.0/Thermal.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.thermal.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.thermal@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp b/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp
index 53b1ce8..b6dc3b1 100644
--- a/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/tv/cec/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -62,3 +62,65 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IHdmiCec.hal",
+        "IHdmiCecCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCec.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCecCallback.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IHdmiCec.hal",
+        "IHdmiCecCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCec.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/tv/cec/1.0/HdmiCecCallback.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.tv.cec.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index d25fb31..a7eeb33 100644
--- a/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/tv/cec/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,38 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for TvCec v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_tv_cec@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  HdmiCec.vts \
-  HdmiCecCallback.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.tv.cec@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-
 # build VTS profiler for HdmiCec
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
@@ -117,4 +85,4 @@
 
 include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
 
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
\ No newline at end of file
+include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/tv/cec/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/tv_cec/hidl/host/TvCecHidlTest.py b/tv/cec/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/tv_cec/hidl/host/TvCecHidlTest.py
index ba062d9..cd2374a 100644
--- a/tv/cec/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/tv_cec/hidl/host/TvCecHidlTest.py
+++ b/tv/cec/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/tv_cec/hidl/host/TvCecHidlTest.py
@@ -34,11 +34,15 @@
         self.dut.shell.InvokeTerminal("one")
         self.dut.shell.one.Execute("setenforce 0")  # SELinux permissive mode
 
+        self.dut.shell.one.Execute(
+            "setprop vts.hal.vts.hidl.get_stub true")
+
         self.dut.hal.InitHidlHal(target_type="tv_cec",
                                  target_basepaths=["/system/lib64"],
                                  target_version=1.0,
                                  target_package="android.hardware.tv.cec",
                                  target_component_name="IHdmiCec",
+                                 hw_binder_service_name="tv.cec",
                                  bits=64)
 
     def testGetCecVersion1(self):
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp b/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
index 6c96d3f..571ef2b 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
@@ -62,3 +62,65 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vehicle@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVehicle.hal",
+        "IVehicleCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/Vehicle.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/VehicleCallback.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vehicle@2.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVehicle.hal",
+        "IVehicleCallback.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/Vehicle.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/vehicle/2.0/VehicleCallback.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vehicle.vts.driver@2.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vehicle@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/Android.mk b/vehicle/2.0/Android.mk
index dc4d25c..e1b3b39 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/Android.mk
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/Android.mk
@@ -681,21 +681,6 @@
 	$(transform-generated-source)
 LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
 
-#
-# Build types.hal (VehiclePermissionModel)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/vehicle/V2_0/VehiclePermissionModel.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.vehicle@2.0::types.VehiclePermissionModel
-
 $(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
 	$(transform-generated-source)
 LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
@@ -1635,25 +1620,6 @@
 LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
 
 #
-# Build types.hal (VehiclePermissionModel)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/vehicle/V2_0/VehiclePermissionModel.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.vehicle@2.0::types.VehiclePermissionModel
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
 # Build types.hal (VehiclePropConfig)
 #
 GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/vehicle/V2_0/VehiclePropConfig.java
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/DefaultConfig.h b/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/DefaultConfig.h
index e4ca5ca..77c4f98 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/DefaultConfig.h
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/DefaultConfig.h
@@ -32,14 +32,12 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::INFO_MAKE,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
     },
 
     {
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_POWER_ON,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = toInt(VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1)
     },
 
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_DEFROSTER,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas =
                 VehicleAreaWindow::FRONT_WINDSHIELD
                 | VehicleAreaWindow::REAR_WINDSHIELD
@@ -57,7 +54,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_RECIRC_ON,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = toInt(VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1)
     },
 
@@ -65,7 +61,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_AC_ON,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = toInt(VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1)
     },
 
@@ -73,7 +68,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_AUTO_ON,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = toInt(VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1)
     },
 
@@ -81,7 +75,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_FAN_SPEED,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = toInt(VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1),
         .areaConfigs = {
             VehicleAreaConfig {
@@ -96,7 +89,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_FAN_DIRECTION,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = toInt(VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1),
     },
 
@@ -104,7 +96,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas =
                 VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1_LEFT
                 | VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1_RIGHT,
@@ -126,28 +117,24 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::NIGHT_MODE,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
     },
 
     {
         .prop = VehicleProperty::DRIVING_STATUS,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
     },
 
     {
         .prop = VehicleProperty::GEAR_SELECTION,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
     },
 
     {
         .prop = VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
         .areaConfigs = {
             VehicleAreaConfig {
                 .minFloatValue = 0,
@@ -160,7 +147,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
         .areaConfigs = {
             VehicleAreaConfig {
                 .minInt32Value = 0,
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalTestUtils.h b/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalTestUtils.h
index 586b5ab..77541fc 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalTestUtils.h
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalTestUtils.h
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::INFO_MAKE,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
         .configString = "Some=config,options=if,you=have_any",
     },
 
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_FAN_SPEED,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = static_cast<int32_t>(
             VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1_LEFT | VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1_RIGHT),
         .areaConfigs = {
@@ -61,7 +59,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::HVAC_SEAT_TEMPERATURE,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_SET,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::NO_RESTRICTION,
         .supportedAreas = static_cast<int32_t>(
             VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1_LEFT | VehicleAreaZone::ROW_1_RIGHT),
         .areaConfigs = {
@@ -81,7 +78,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
         .areaConfigs = {
             VehicleAreaConfig {
                 .minFloatValue = 0,
@@ -94,7 +90,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::DISPLAY_BRIGHTNESS,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
         .areaConfigs = {
             VehicleAreaConfig {
                 .minInt32Value = 0,
@@ -107,7 +102,6 @@
         .prop = VehicleProperty::MIRROR_FOLD,
         .access = VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
         .changeMode = VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
-        .permissionModel = VehiclePermissionModel::OEM_ONLY,
 
     }
 };
@@ -238,7 +232,6 @@
        << "  prop: " << enumToHexString(config.prop) << ",\n"
        << "  supportedAreas: " << hexString(config.supportedAreas) << ",\n"
        << "  access: " << enumToHexString(config.access) << ",\n"
-       << "  permissionModel: " << enumToHexString(config.permissionModel) << ",\n"
        << "  changeMode: " << enumToHexString(config.changeMode) << ",\n"
        << "  configFlags: " << hexString(config.configFlags) << ",\n"
        << "  minSampleRate: " << config.minSampleRate << ",\n"
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/types.hal b/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
index 72fa554..5ab0c24 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
@@ -2144,30 +2144,6 @@
 };
 
 /*
- * These permissions define how the OEMs want to distribute their information
- * and security they want to apply. On top of these restrictions, android will
- * have additional 'app-level' permissions that the apps will need to ask the
- * user before the apps have the information.
- * This information must be kept in VehiclePropConfig#permissionModel.
- */
-enum VehiclePermissionModel : int32_t {
-  /*
-   * No special restriction, but each property can still require specific
-   * android app-level permission.
-   */
-  NO_RESTRICTION = 0,
-
-  /* Signature only. Only APKs signed with OEM keys are allowed. */
-  OEM_ONLY = 0x1,
-
-  /* System only. APKs built-in to system  can access the property. */
-  SYSTEM_APP_ONLY = 0x2,
-
-  /* Equivalent to “system|signature” */
-  OEM_OR_SYSTEM_APP = 0x3,
-};
-
-/*
  * Car states.
  *
  * The driving states determine what features of the UI will be accessible.
@@ -2311,11 +2287,6 @@
     VehiclePropertyChangeMode changeMode;
 
     /*
-     * Defines permission model to access the data.
-     */
-    VehiclePermissionModel permissionModel;
-
-    /*
      * Some of the properties may have associated areas (for example, some hvac
      * properties are associated with VehicleAreaZone), in these
      * cases the config may contain an ORed value for the associated areas.
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk b/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk
index 8370067..b7f185d 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,38 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Vehicle v2.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_vehicle@2.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Vehicle.vts \
-  VehicleCallback.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.vehicle@2.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-
 # build profiler for Vehicle.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vehicle/hidl/host/VehicleHidlTest.py b/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vehicle/hidl/host/VehicleHidlTest.py
index bc37e59..8da36d1 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vehicle/hidl/host/VehicleHidlTest.py
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vehicle/hidl/host/VehicleHidlTest.py
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
         self.dut = self.registerController(android_device)[0]
 
         self.dut.shell.InvokeTerminal("one")
+        self.dut.shell.one.Execute("setenforce 0")  # SELinux permissive mode
 
         if self.enable_profiling:
             profiling_utils.EnableVTSProfiling(self.dut.shell.one)
@@ -55,25 +56,13 @@
             self.ProcessAndUploadTraceData(self.dut, profiling_trace_path)
             profiling_utils.DisableVTSProfiling(self.dut.shell.one)
 
-    def testEcho1(self):
-        """A simple testcase which sends a command."""
-        self.dut.shell.InvokeTerminal("my_shell1")  # creates a remote shell instance.
-        results = self.dut.shell.my_shell1.Execute("echo hello_world")  # runs a shell command.
-        logging.info(str(results[const.STDOUT]))  # prints the stdout
-        asserts.assertEqual(results[const.STDOUT][0].strip(), "hello_world")  # checks the stdout
-        asserts.assertEqual(results[const.EXIT_CODE][0], 0)  # checks the exit code
+    def testListProperties(self):
+        logging.info("vehicle_types")
+        vehicle_types = self.dut.hal.vehicle.GetHidlTypeInterface("types")
+        logging.info("vehicle_types: %s", vehicle_types)
 
-    def testEcho2(self):
-        """A simple testcase which sends two commands."""
-        self.dut.shell.InvokeTerminal("my_shell2")
-        my_shell = getattr(self.dut.shell, "my_shell2")
-        results = my_shell.Execute(["echo hello", "echo world"])
-        logging.info(str(results[const.STDOUT]))
-        asserts.assertEqual(len(results[const.STDOUT]), 2)  # check the number of processed commands
-        asserts.assertEqual(results[const.STDOUT][0].strip(), "hello")
-        asserts.assertEqual(results[const.STDOUT][1].strip(), "world")
-        asserts.assertEqual(results[const.EXIT_CODE][0], 0)
-        asserts.assertEqual(results[const.EXIT_CODE][1], 0)
+        allConfigs = self.dut.hal.vehicle.getAllPropConfigs()
+        logging.info("all supported properties: %s", allConfigs)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     test_runner.main()
diff --git a/vehicle/2.0/vts/types.vts b/vehicle/2.0/vts/types.vts
index fc63add..99fa6e7 100644
--- a/vehicle/2.0/vts/types.vts
+++ b/vehicle/2.0/vts/types.vts
@@ -1149,6 +1149,10 @@
     enum_value: {
         scalar_type: "int32_t"
 
+        enumerator: "NONE"
+        scalar_value: {
+            int32_t: 0
+        }
         enumerator: "READ"
         scalar_value: {
             int32_t: 1
@@ -1165,31 +1169,6 @@
 }
 
 attribute: {
-    name: "::android::hardware::vehicle::V2_0::VehiclePermissionModel"
-    type: TYPE_ENUM
-    enum_value: {
-        scalar_type: "int32_t"
-
-        enumerator: "NO_RESTRICTION"
-        scalar_value: {
-            int32_t: 0
-        }
-        enumerator: "OEM_ONLY"
-        scalar_value: {
-            int32_t: 1
-        }
-        enumerator: "SYSTEM_APP_ONLY"
-        scalar_value: {
-            int32_t: 2
-        }
-        enumerator: "OEM_OR_SYSTEM_APP"
-        scalar_value: {
-            int32_t: 3
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-attribute: {
     name: "::android::hardware::vehicle::V2_0::VehicleDrivingStatus"
     type: TYPE_ENUM
     enum_value: {
@@ -1600,11 +1579,6 @@
         predefined_type: "::android::hardware::vehicle::V2_0::VehiclePropertyChangeMode"
     }
     struct_value: {
-        name: "permissionModel"
-        type: TYPE_ENUM
-        predefined_type: "::android::hardware::vehicle::V2_0::VehiclePermissionModel"
-    }
-    struct_value: {
         name: "supportedAreas"
         type: TYPE_SCALAR
         scalar_type: "int32_t"
diff --git a/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp b/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp
index 75a3bfa..ec97cfb 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -54,3 +54,61 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vibrator@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVibrator.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/types.vts.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/Vibrator.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vibrator@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IVibrator.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/types.vts.h",
+        "android/hardware/vibrator/1.0/Vibrator.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vibrator.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vibrator@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 080eb88..084dcf7 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/vibrator/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,36 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Vibrator v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_vibrator@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Vibrator.vts \
-  types.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.vibrator@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for vibrator.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/vibrator/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vibrator/hidl/host/VibratorHidlTest.py b/vibrator/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vibrator/hidl/host/VibratorHidlTest.py
index e8fae30..b36f47a 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vibrator/hidl/host/VibratorHidlTest.py
+++ b/vibrator/1.0/vts/functional/vts/testcases/hal/vibrator/hidl/host/VibratorHidlTest.py
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
             target_version=1.0,
             target_package="android.hardware.vibrator",
             target_component_name="IVibrator",
+            hw_binder_service_name="vibrator",
             bits=64)
 
     def tearDownClass(self):
diff --git a/vr/1.0/Android.bp b/vr/1.0/Android.bp
index 57c9257..240b7ad 100644
--- a/vr/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/vr/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -50,3 +50,57 @@
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
     ],
 }
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vr@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tSOURCE -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vr/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vr/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "IVr.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vr/1.0/Vr.vts.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen", "vtsc"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lvts -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.vr@1.0 && $(location vtsc) -mDRIVER -tHEADER -b$(genDir) android/hardware/vr/1.0/ $(genDir)/android/hardware/vr/1.0/",
+    srcs: [
+        "IVr.hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/vr/1.0/Vr.vts.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.vr.vts.driver@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libvts_common",
+        "libvts_datatype",
+        "libvts_measurement",
+        "libvts_multidevice_proto",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.vr@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk b/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk
index 8a1312d..ac1cad5 100644
--- a/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk
+++ b/vr/1.0/vts/Android.mk
@@ -16,35 +16,6 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-# build VTS driver for Vr v1.0.
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := libvts_driver_hidl_vr@1.0
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-  Vr.vts \
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-  android.hardware.vr@1.0 \
-  libbase \
-  libutils \
-  libcutils \
-  liblog \
-  libhidlbase \
-  libhidltransport \
-  libhwbinder \
-  libprotobuf-cpp-full \
-  libvts_common \
-  libvts_datatype \
-  libvts_measurement \
-  libvts_multidevice_proto \
-
-LOCAL_PROTOC_OPTIMIZE_TYPE := full
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
 # build profiler for Vr.
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/Android.mk b/wifi/1.0/Android.mk
index 26f782e..bb8d144 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/Android.mk
+++ b/wifi/1.0/Android.mk
@@ -1879,177 +1879,6 @@
 LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
 
 #
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryEventType)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryEventType.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryEventType
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryFlags)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryFlags.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryFlags
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryHeader)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryHeader.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryHeader
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
 # Build types.hal (WifiDebugRxPacketFate)
 #
 GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRxPacketFate.java
@@ -4421,177 +4250,6 @@
 LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
 
 #
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryEventType)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryEventType.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryEventType
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryFlags)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryFlags.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryFlags
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryHeader)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryHeader.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryHeader
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
-# Build types.hal (WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent)
-#
-GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent.java
-$(GEN): $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_HIDL := $(HIDL)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_DEPS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR := $(intermediates)
-$(GEN): PRIVATE_CUSTOM_TOOL = \
-        $(PRIVATE_HIDL) -o $(PRIVATE_OUTPUT_DIR) \
-        -Ljava \
-        -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces \
-        -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport \
-        android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types.WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent
-
-$(GEN): $(LOCAL_PATH)/types.hal
-	$(transform-generated-source)
-LOCAL_GENERATED_SOURCES += $(GEN)
-
-#
 # Build types.hal (WifiDebugRxPacketFate)
 #
 GEN := $(intermediates)/android/hardware/wifi/V1_0/WifiDebugRxPacketFate.java
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.hal b/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.hal
index e903ced..d790404 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.hal
+++ b/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.hal
@@ -137,28 +137,28 @@
     /**
      * Memory dump of Firmware.
      */
-    DEBUG_MEMORY_FIRMWARE_DUMP_SUPPORTED = 1 << 0,
+    DEBUG_MEMORY_FIRMWARE_DUMP = 1 << 0,
     /**
      * Memory dump of Driver.
      */
-    DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED = 1 << 1,
+    DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP = 1 << 1,
     /**
      * Connectivity events reported via debug ring buffer.
      */
-    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_CONNECT_EVENT_SUPPORTED = 1 << 2,
+    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_CONNECT_EVENT = 1 << 2,
     /**
      * Power events reported via debug ring buffer.
      */
-    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_POWER_EVENT_SUPPORTED = 1 << 3,
+    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_POWER_EVENT = 1 << 3,
     /**
      * Wakelock events reported via debug ring buffer.
      */
-    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_WAKELOCK_EVENT_SUPPORTED = 1 << 4,
+    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_WAKELOCK_EVENT = 1 << 4,
     /**
      * Vendor data reported via debug ring buffer.
      * This mostly contains firmware event logs.
      */
-    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA_SUPPORTED = 1 << 5,
+    DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA = 1 << 5,
     /**
      * Host wake reasons stats collection.
      */
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
    * Create an AP iface on the chip.
    *
    * Depending on the mode the chip is configured in, the interface creation
-   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED|) if we've already reached the maximum
+   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE|) if we've already reached the maximum
    * allowed (specified in |ChipIfaceCombination|) number of ifaces of the AP
    * type.
    *
@@ -352,7 +352,7 @@
    * Create a NAN iface on the chip.
    *
    * Depending on the mode the chip is configured in, the interface creation
-   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED|) if we've already reached the maximum
+   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE|) if we've already reached the maximum
    * allowed (specified in |ChipIfaceCombination|) number of ifaces of the NAN
    * type.
    *
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@
    * Create a P2P iface on the chip.
    *
    * Depending on the mode the chip is configured in, the interface creation
-   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED|) if we've already reached the maximum
+   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE|) if we've already reached the maximum
    * allowed (specified in |ChipIfaceCombination|) number of ifaces of the P2P
    * type.
    *
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@
    * Create an STA iface on the chip.
    *
    * Depending on the mode the chip is configured in, the interface creation
-   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED|) if we've already reached the maximum
+   * may fail (code: |ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE|) if we've already reached the maximum
    * allowed (specified in |ChipIfaceCombination|) number of ifaces of the STA
    * type.
    *
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@
    *   ring. The vebose level for each ring buffer can be specified in this API.
    * - During wifi operations, driver must periodically report per ring data to
    *   framework by invoking the
-   *   |IWifiChipEventCallback.onDebugRingBuffer<Type>EntriesAvailable| callback.
+   *   |IWifiChipEventCallback.onDebugRingBufferDataAvailable| callback.
    * - When capturing a bug report, framework must indicate to driver that all
    *   the data has to be uploaded urgently by calling
    *   |forceDumpToDebugRingBuffer|.
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/IWifiChipEventCallback.hal b/wifi/1.0/IWifiChipEventCallback.hal
index aff1e43..0d9e329 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/IWifiChipEventCallback.hal
+++ b/wifi/1.0/IWifiChipEventCallback.hal
@@ -74,28 +74,11 @@
    * @return status Status of the corresponding ring buffer. This should
    *         contain the name of the ring buffer on which the data is
    *         available.
-   * @return entries Vector of debug ring buffer data entries. These
-   *         should be parsed based on the type of entry.
+   * @return data Raw bytes of data sent by the driver. Must be dumped
+   *         out to a bugreport and post processed.
    */
-  /** Connectivity event data callback */
-  oneway onDebugRingBufferConnectivityEventEntriesAvailable(
-      WifiDebugRingBufferStatus status,
-      vec<WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent> entries);
-
-  /** Power event data callback */
-  oneway onDebugRingBufferPowerEventEntriesAvailable(
-      WifiDebugRingBufferStatus status,
-      vec<WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent> entries);
-
-  /** Wakelock event data callback */
-  oneway onDebugRingBufferWakelockEventEntriesAvailable(
-      WifiDebugRingBufferStatus status,
-      vec<WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent> entries);
-
-  /** Vendor data event data callback */
-  oneway onDebugRingBufferVendorDataEntriesAvailable(
-      WifiDebugRingBufferStatus status,
-      vec<WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData> entries);
+  oneway onDebugRingBufferDataAvailable(
+      WifiDebugRingBufferStatus status, vec<uint8_t> data);
 
   /**
    * Callback indicating that the chip has encountered a fatal error.
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/IWifiStaIface.hal b/wifi/1.0/IWifiStaIface.hal
index 8c7ac4a..98af043 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/IWifiStaIface.hal
+++ b/wifi/1.0/IWifiStaIface.hal
@@ -61,9 +61,29 @@
      */
     SCAN_RAND = 1 << 6,
     /**
-     * Tracks connection packets' fate.
+     * Support for 5 GHz Band.
      */
-    DEBUG_PACKET_FATE_SUPPORTED = 1 << 7
+    STA_5G = 1 << 7,
+    /**
+     * Support for GAS/ANQP queries.
+     */
+    HOTSPOT = 1 << 8,
+    /**
+     * Support for Preferred Network Offload.
+     */
+    PNO = 1 << 9,
+    /**
+     * Support for Tunneled Direct Link Setup.
+     */
+    TDLS = 1 << 10,
+    /**
+     * Support for Tunneled Direct Link Setup off channel.
+     */
+    TDLS_OFFCHANNEL = 1 << 11,
+    /**
+     * Support for tracking connection packets' fate.
+     */
+    DEBUG_PACKET_FATE = 1 << 12
   };
 
   /**
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp b/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp
index 0aee372..a94d812 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp
@@ -31,15 +31,15 @@
   using HidlChipCaps = IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask;
   switch (feature) {
     case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_MEMORY_DUMP_SUPPORTED:
-      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_MEMORY_FIRMWARE_DUMP_SUPPORTED;
+      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_MEMORY_FIRMWARE_DUMP;
     case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED:
-      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED;
+      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP;
     case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_CONNECT_EVENT_SUPPORTED:
-      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_CONNECT_EVENT_SUPPORTED;
+      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_CONNECT_EVENT;
     case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_POWER_EVENT_SUPPORTED:
-      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_POWER_EVENT_SUPPORTED;
+      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_POWER_EVENT;
     case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_WAKE_LOCK_SUPPORTED:
-      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_WAKELOCK_EVENT_SUPPORTED;
+      return HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_WAKELOCK_EVENT;
   };
   CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
   return {};
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
   using HidlStaIfaceCaps = IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask;
   switch (feature) {
     case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_PACKET_FATE_SUPPORTED:
-      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::DEBUG_PACKET_FATE_SUPPORTED;
+      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::DEBUG_PACKET_FATE;
   };
   CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
   return {};
@@ -72,6 +72,16 @@
       return HidlStaIfaceCaps::PROBE_IE_WHITELIST;
     case WIFI_FEATURE_SCAN_RAND:
       return HidlStaIfaceCaps::SCAN_RAND;
+    case WIFI_FEATURE_INFRA_5G:
+      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::STA_5G;
+    case WIFI_FEATURE_HOTSPOT:
+      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::HOTSPOT;
+    case WIFI_FEATURE_PNO:
+      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::PNO;
+    case WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS:
+      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::TDLS;
+    case WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS_OFFCHANNEL:
+      return HidlStaIfaceCaps::TDLS_OFFCHANNEL;
   };
   CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
   return {};
@@ -95,7 +105,7 @@
   }
   // There are no flags for these 3 in the legacy feature set. Adding them to
   // the set because all the current devices support it.
-  *hidl_caps |= HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA_SUPPORTED;
+  *hidl_caps |= HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA;
   *hidl_caps |= HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_HOST_WAKE_REASON_STATS;
   *hidl_caps |= HidlChipCaps::DEBUG_ERROR_ALERTS;
   return true;
@@ -224,7 +234,12 @@
                              WIFI_FEATURE_RSSI_MONITOR,
                              WIFI_FEATURE_CONTROL_ROAMING,
                              WIFI_FEATURE_IE_WHITELIST,
-                             WIFI_FEATURE_SCAN_RAND}) {
+                             WIFI_FEATURE_SCAN_RAND,
+                             WIFI_FEATURE_INFRA_5G,
+                             WIFI_FEATURE_HOTSPOT,
+                             WIFI_FEATURE_PNO,
+                             WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS,
+                             WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS_OFFCHANNEL}) {
     if (feature & legacy_feature_set) {
       *hidl_caps |= convertLegacyFeatureToHidlStaIfaceCapability(feature);
     }
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.h b/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.h
index e4104e2..9086666 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.h
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.h
@@ -39,6 +39,9 @@
 // Chip conversion methods.
 bool convertLegacyFeaturesToHidlChipCapabilities(
     uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set, uint32_t* hidl_caps);
+bool convertLegacyDebugRingBufferStatusToHidl(
+    const legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status& legacy_status,
+    WifiDebugRingBufferStatus* hidl_status);
 bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRingBufferStatusToHidl(
     const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status>& legacy_status_vec,
     std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>* hidl_status_vec);
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.cpp b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.cpp
index 87b47cb..e15178d 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@
       legacy_hal_(legacy_hal),
       mode_controller_(mode_controller),
       is_valid_(true),
-      current_mode_id_(kInvalidModeId) {}
+      current_mode_id_(kInvalidModeId),
+      debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_(false) {}
 
 void WifiChip::invalidate() {
   invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces();
@@ -687,6 +688,10 @@
     WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel verbose_level,
     uint32_t max_interval_in_sec,
     uint32_t min_data_size_in_bytes) {
+  WifiStatus status = registerDebugRingBufferCallback();
+  if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
   legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
       legacy_hal_.lock()->startRingBufferLogging(
           ring_name,
@@ -700,6 +705,10 @@
 
 WifiStatus WifiChip::forceDumpToDebugRingBufferInternal(
     const hidl_string& ring_name) {
+  WifiStatus status = registerDebugRingBufferCallback();
+  if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+    return status;
+  }
   legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
       legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBufferData(ring_name);
   return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
@@ -774,6 +783,42 @@
   }
   return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
 }
+
+WifiStatus WifiChip::registerDebugRingBufferCallback() {
+  if (debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_) {
+    return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
+  }
+
+  android::wp<WifiChip> weak_ptr_this(this);
+  const auto& on_ring_buffer_data_callback = [weak_ptr_this](
+      const std::string& /* name */,
+      const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+      const legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status& status) {
+    const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.promote();
+    if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+      return;
+    }
+    WifiDebugRingBufferStatus hidl_status;
+    if (!hidl_struct_util::convertLegacyDebugRingBufferStatusToHidl(
+            status, &hidl_status)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Error converting ring buffer status";
+      return;
+    }
+    for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+      callback->onDebugRingBufferDataAvailable(hidl_status, data);
+    }
+  };
+  legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+      legacy_hal_.lock()->registerRingBufferCallbackHandler(
+          on_ring_buffer_data_callback);
+
+  if (legacy_status == legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+    debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_ = true;
+  }
+  return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
 }  // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V1_0
 }  // namespace wifi
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.h b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.h
index 373712c..938b180 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.h
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_chip.h
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
   WifiStatus enableDebugErrorAlertsInternal(bool enable);
 
   WifiStatus handleChipConfiguration(ChipModeId mode_id);
+  WifiStatus registerDebugRingBufferCallback();
 
   ChipId chip_id_;
   std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
@@ -186,6 +187,10 @@
   std::vector<sp<WifiRttController>> rtt_controllers_;
   bool is_valid_;
   uint32_t current_mode_id_;
+  // The legacy ring buffer callback API has only a global callback
+  // registration mechanism. Use this to check if we have already
+  // registered a callback.
+  bool debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_;
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiChip);
 };
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
index d65052e..3b99e60 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
@@ -761,7 +761,7 @@
 WifiLegacyHal::getRingBuffersStatus() {
   std::vector<wifi_ring_buffer_status> ring_buffers_status;
   ring_buffers_status.resize(kMaxRingBuffers);
-  uint32_t num_rings = 0;
+  uint32_t num_rings = kMaxRingBuffers;
   wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_ring_buffers_status(
       wlan_interface_handle_, &num_rings, ring_buffers_status.data());
   CHECK(num_rings <= kMaxRingBuffers);
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/types.hal b/wifi/1.0/types.hal
index 2da4d84..76c89e3 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/wifi/1.0/types.hal
@@ -2359,468 +2359,6 @@
 typedef uint32_t WifiRingBufferId;
 
 /**
- * Mask of flags present in |WifiDebugRingEntryHeader.flags| field.
- */
-enum WifiDebugRingEntryFlags : uint8_t {
-  /**
-   * Set for binary entries
-   */
-  HAS_BINARY = 1 << 0,
-  /**
-   * Set if 64 bits timestamp is present
-   */
-  HAS_TIMESTAMP = 1 << 1,
-};
-
-/**
- * This structure represent an entry within a debug ring buffer.
- * Wifi driver are responsible to manage the debug ring buffer and write the
- * debug information into those buffer.
- *
- * In general, the debug entries can be used to store meaningful 802.11
- * information (SME, MLME, connection and packet statistics) as well as vendor
- * proprietary data that is specific to a specific driver or chipset.
- * Binary entries can be used so as to store packet data or vendor specific
- * information and will be treated as blobs of data by android framework.
- *
- * A user land process will be started by framework so as to periodically
- * retrieve the data logged by drivers into their debug ring buffer, store the
- * data into log files and include the logs into android bugreports.
- */
-struct WifiDebugRingEntryHeader {
-  /**
-   * The size of |payload| excluding the header.
-   */
-  uint16_t sizeInBytes;
-  /**
-   * Combination of |WifiDebugRingEntryFlags| values.
-   */
-  uint8_t flags;
-  /**
-   * Present if |HAS_TIMESTAMP| bit is set.
-   */
-  TimeStampInUs timestamp;
-};
-
-/**
- * Below event types are used for both the connect and power event
- * ring entries.
- */
-enum WifiDebugRingEntryEventType : uint16_t {
-  /**
-   * Driver receives association command from kernel.
-   */
-  ASSOCIATION_REQUESTED = 0,
-  AUTH_COMPLETE = 1,
-  ASSOC_COMPLETE = 2,
-  /**
-   * Firmware event indicating auth frames are sent.
-   */
-  FW_AUTH_STARTED = 3,
-  /**
-   * Firmware event indicating assoc frames are sent.
-   */
-  FW_ASSOC_STARTED = 4,
-  /**
-   * Firmware event indicating reassoc frames are sent.
-   */
-  FW_RE_ASSOC_STARTED = 5,
-  DRIVER_SCAN_REQUESTED = 6,
-  DRIVER_SCAN_RESULT_FOUND = 7,
-  DRIVER_SCAN_COMPLETE = 8,
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_STARTED = 9,
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_COMPLETE = 10,
-  DISASSOCIATION_REQUESTED = 11,
-  RE_ASSOCIATION_REQUESTED = 12,
-  ROAM_REQUESTED = 13,
-  /**
-   * Received beacon from AP (event enabled  only in verbose mode).
-   */
-  BEACON_RECEIVED = 14,
-  /**
-   * Firmware has triggered a roam scan (not g-scan).
-   */
-  ROAM_SCAN_STARTED = 15,
-  /**
-   * Firmware has completed a roam scan (not g-scan).
-   */
-  ROAM_SCAN_COMPLETE = 16,
-  /**
-   * Firmware has started searching for roam candidates (with reason =xx).
-   */
-  ROAM_SEARCH_STARTED = 17,
-  /**
-   * Firmware has stopped searching for roam candidates (with reason =xx).
-   */
-  ROAM_SEARCH_STOPPED = 18,
-  /**
-   * Received channel switch anouncement from AP.
-   */
-  CHANNEL_SWITCH_ANOUNCEMENT = 20,
-  /**
-   * Firmware start transmit eapol frame, with  EAPOL index 1-4.
-   */
-  FW_EAPOL_FRAME_TRANSMIT_START = 21,
-  /**
-   * Firmware gives up eapol frame, with rate, success/failure and number
-   * retries.
-   */
-  FW_EAPOL_FRAME_TRANSMIT_STOP = 22,
-  /**
-   * Kernel queue EAPOL for transmission  in driver with EAPOL index 1-4.
-   */
-  DRIVER_EAPOL_FRAME_TRANSMIT_REQUESTED = 23,
-  /**
-   * With rate, regardless of the fact that EAPOL frame is accepted or
-   * rejected by firmware.
-   */
-  FW_EAPOL_FRAME_RECEIVED = 24,
-  /**
-   * With rate, and eapol index, driver has received EAPOL frame and will
-   * queue it up to wpa_supplicant.
-   */
-  DRIVER_EAPOL_FRAME_RECEIVED = 26,
-  /**
-   * With success/failure, parameters
-   */
-  BLOCK_ACK_NEGOTIATION_COMPLETE = 27,
-  BT_COEX_BT_SCO_START = 28,
-  BT_COEX_BT_SCO_STOP = 29,
-  /**
-   * For paging/scan etc., when BT starts transmiting twice per BT slot.
-   */
-  BT_COEX_BT_SCAN_START = 30,
-  BT_COEX_BT_SCAN_STOP = 31,
-  BT_COEX_BT_HID_START = 32,
-  BT_COEX_BT_HID_STOP = 33,
-  /**
-   * Firmware sends auth frame in roaming to next candidate.
-   */
-  ROAM_AUTH_STARTED = 34,
-  /**
-   * Firmware receive auth confirm from ap
-   */
-  ROAM_AUTH_COMPLETE = 35,
-  /**
-   * Firmware sends assoc/reassoc frame in roaming to next candidate.
-   */
-  ROAM_ASSOC_STARTED = 36,
-  /**
-   * Firmware receive assoc/reassoc confirm from ap.
-   */
-  ROAM_ASSOC_COMPLETE = 37,
-  /**
-   * Firmware sends stop BACKGROUND_SCAN
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_STOP = 38,
-  /**
-   * Firmware indicates BACKGROUND_SCAN scan cycle started.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_CYCLE_STARTED = 39,
-  /**
-   * Firmware indicates BACKGROUND_SCAN scan cycle completed.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_CYCLE_COMPLETED = 40,
-  /**
-   * Firmware indicates BACKGROUND_SCAN scan start for a particular bucket.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_BUCKET_STARTED = 41,
-  /**
-   * Firmware indicates BACKGROUND_SCAN scan completed for for a particular bucket.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_BUCKET_COMPLETED = 42,
-  /**
-   * Event received from firmware about BACKGROUND_SCAN scan results being available.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE = 43,
-  /**
-   * Event received from firmware with BACKGROUND_SCAN capabilities.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_CAPABILITIES = 44,
-  /**
-   * Event received from firmware when eligible candidate is found.
-   */
-  ROAM_CANDIDATE_FOUND = 45,
-  /**
-   * Event received from firmware when roam scan configuration gets
-   * enabled or disabled.
-   */
-  ROAM_SCAN_CONFIG = 46,
-  /**
-   * Firmware/driver timed out authentication.
-   */
-  AUTH_TIMEOUT = 47,
-  /**
-   * Firmware/driver timed out association.
-   */
-  ASSOC_TIMEOUT = 48,
-  /**
-   * Firmware/driver encountered allocation failure.
-   */
-  MEM_ALLOC_FAILURE = 49,
-  /**
-   * Driver added a PNO network in firmware.
-   */
-  DRIVER_PNO_ADD = 50,
-  /**
-   * Driver removed a PNO network in firmware.
-   */
-  DRIVER_PNO_REMOVE = 51,
-  /**
-   * Driver received PNO networks found indication from firmware.
-   */
-  DRIVER_PNO_NETWORK_FOUND = 52,
-  /**
-   * Driver triggered a scan for PNO networks.
-   */
-  DRIVER_PNO_SCAN_REQUESTED = 53,
-  /**
-   * Driver received scan results  of PNO networks.
-   */
-  DRIVER_PNO_SCAN_RESULT_FOUND = 54,
-  /**
-   * Driver updated scan results from  PNO networks to cfg80211.
-   */
-  DRIVER_PNO_SCAN_COMPLETE = 55,
-};
-
-/**
- * Parameters of the various events are a sequence of TLVs
- * (type, length, value). The types for different TLV's are defined below.
- */
-enum WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType : uint16_t {
-  /**
-   * Take a byte stream as parameter.
-   */
-  VENDOR_SPECIFIC = 0,
-  /**
-   * Takes a MAC address as parameter.
-   */
-  BSSID = 1,
-  /**
-   * Takes a MAC address as parameter.
-   */
-  ADDR = 2,
-  /**
-   * Takes an SSID as parameter.
-   */
-  SSID = 3,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  STATUS = 4,
-  /**
-   * Takes a |WifiChannelInfo| struct as parameter.
-   */
-  CHANNEL_SPEC = 5,
-  /**
-   * Takes a MAC address as parameter.
-   */
-  ADDR_1 = 6,
-  /**
-   * Takes a MAC address as parameter.
-   */
-  ADDR_2 = 7,
-  /**
-   * Takes a MAC address as parameter.
-   */
-  ADDR_3 = 8,
-  /**
-   * Takes a MAC address as parameter.
-   */
-  ADDR_4 = 9,
-  /**
-   * Takes a TSF value as parameter.
-   */
-  TSF = 10,
-  /**
-   * Takes one or more specific 802.11 IEs parameter IEs are in turn
-   * indicated in TLV format as per 802.11, spec.
-   */
-  IE = 11,
-  /**
-   * Takes a string interface name as parameter.
-   */
-  IFACE_NAME = 12,
-  /**
-   * Takes a integer reason code as per 802.11 as parameter.
-   */
-  REASON_CODE = 13,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer representing wifi rate in 1 mbps as parameter.
-   */
-  RATE_MBPS = 14,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  REQUEST_ID = 15,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  BUCKET_ID = 16,
-  /**
-   * Takes a |BackgroundScanParameters| struct as parameter.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_PARAMS = 17,
-  /**
-   * Takes a |BackgroundScanCapabilities| struct as parameter.
-   */
-  BACKGROUND_SCAN_CAPABILITIES = 18,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  SCAN_ID = 19,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  RSSI = 20,
-  /**
-   * Takes a |WifiChannelInMhz| as parameter.
-   */
-  CHANNEL = 21,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  LINK_ID = 22,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  LINK_ROLE = 23,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  LINK_STATE = 24,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  LINK_TYPE = 25,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  TSCO = 26,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   */
-  RSCO = 27,
-  /**
-   * Takes an integer as parameter.
-   * M1=1, M2=2, M3=3, M=4,
-   */
-  EAPOL_MESSAGE_TYPE = 28,
-};
-
-/**
- * Used to describe a specific TLV in an event entry.
- */
-struct WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv {
-  WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlvType type;
-  /**
-   * All possible types of values that can be held in the TLV.
-   * Note: This should ideally be a union. But, since this HIDL package
-   * is going to be used by a java client, we cannot have unions in this
-   * package.
-   */
-  /* TODO(b/32207606): This can be moved to vendor extension. */
-  vec<uint8_t> vendorSpecific;
-  Bssid bssid;
-  MacAddress addr;
-  Ssid ssid;
-  WifiChannelInfo channelSpec;
-  uint64_t tsf;
-  vec<WifiInformationElement> ie;
-  string ifaceName;
-  StaBackgroundScanParameters bgScanParams;
-  StaBackgroundScanCapabilities bgScanCapabilities;
-  Rssi rssi;
-  WifiChannelInMhz channel;
-  uint32_t integerVal;
-};
-
-/**
- * Used to describe a connect event ring entry.
- */
-struct WifiDebugRingEntryConnectivityEvent {
-  /**
-   * Ring entry header.
-   */
-  WifiDebugRingEntryHeader header;
-  /**
-   * Type of connection event.
-   */
-  WifiDebugRingEntryEventType event;
-  /**
-   * Separate parameter structure per event to be provided and optional data.
-   * The event data is expected to include an official android part, with some
-   * parameter as transmit rate, num retries, num scan result found, etc.
-   * event data can include a vendor proprietary part which is understood by
-   * the vendor only.
-   */
-  vec<WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv> tlvs;
-};
-
-/**
- * Used to describe a power event ring entry.
- */
-struct WifiDebugRingEntryPowerEvent {
-  /**
-   * Ring entry header.
-   */
-  WifiDebugRingEntryHeader header;
-  /**
-   * Type of power event.
-   */
-  WifiDebugRingEntryEventType event;
-  /**
-   * Separate parameter structure per event to be provided and optional data.
-   * The event data is expected to include an official android part, with some
-   * parameter as transmit rate, num retries, num scan result found, etc.
-   * event data can include a vendor proprietary part which is understood by
-   * the vendor only.
-   */
-  vec<WifiDebugRingEntryEventTlv> tlvs;
-};
-
-/**
- * Used to describe a wakelock event ring entry.
- */
-struct WifiDebugRingEntryWakelockEvent {
-  /**
-   * Ring entry header.
-   */
-  WifiDebugRingEntryHeader header;
-  /**
-   * true = wake lock acquired.
-   * false = wake lock released.
-   */
-  bool wasAcquired;
-  /**
-   * Reason why this wake lock is taken.
-   * This is a vendor defined reason and can only be understood by the
-   * vendor.
-   */
-  uint32_t vendorSpecificReason;
-  /**
-   * Wake lock name.
-   */
-  string wakelockName;
-};
-
-/**
- * Used to describe a vendor specific data ring entry.
- */
-struct WifiDebugRingEntryVendorData {
-  /**
-   * Ring entry header.
-   */
-  WifiDebugRingEntryHeader header;
-  /**
-   * This is a blob that will only be understood by the
-   * vendor.
-   */
-  vec<uint8_t> vendorData;
-};
-
-/**
  * Flags describing each debug ring buffer.
  */
 enum WifiDebugRingBufferFlags : uint32_t {
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..422eec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "wifi_hidl_test",
+    gtest: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "main.cpp",
+        "wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp",
+        "wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp",
+        "wifi_hidl_test.cpp",
+        "wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp",
+        "wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp",
+        "wifi_p2p_iface_hidl_test.cpp",
+        "wifi_rtt_controller_hidl_test.cpp",
+        "wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libnativehelper",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.0",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["libgtest"],
+    cflags: [
+        "--coverage",
+        "-O0",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+    ldflags: [
+        "--coverage"
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.mk b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9e3276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+include $(call all-subdir-makefiles)
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/main.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b33b5eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+class WifiHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::Environment {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override { stopFramework(); }
+    virtual void TearDown() override { startFramework(); }
+
+   private:
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(new WifiHidlEnvironment);
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
+    return status;
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc7b0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiApIface.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiApIface;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all AP Iface HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiApIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiApIface proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiApIfaceHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifiApIface().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6ecd8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all Wifi chip HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiChipHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiChip proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiChipHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifiChip().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e350e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all root Wifi HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifi proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifi().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f88b866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiApIface;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiNanIface;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiP2pIface;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiRttController;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiStaIface;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::ChipModeId;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::ChipId;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IfaceType;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::WifiStatus;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::WifiStatusCode;
+using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+
+const char kWifiServiceName[] = "wifi";
+
+void stopFramework() {
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::system("svc wifi disable"), 0);
+    sleep(5);
+}
+
+void startFramework() { ASSERT_EQ(std::system("svc wifi enable"), 0); }
+
+sp<IWifi> getWifi() {
+    sp<IWifi> wifi = IWifi::getService(kWifiServiceName);
+    return wifi;
+}
+
+sp<IWifiChip> getWifiChip() {
+    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi();
+    if (!wifi.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    wifi->start([&](WifiStatus status) {
+        if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+            operation_failed = true;
+        }
+    });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<ChipId> wifi_chip_ids;
+    wifi->getChipIds(
+        [&](const WifiStatus& status, const hidl_vec<ChipId>& chip_ids) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            wifi_chip_ids = chip_ids;
+        });
+    // We don't expect more than 1 chip currently.
+    if (operation_failed || wifi_chip_ids.size() != 1) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip;
+    wifi->getChip(wifi_chip_ids[0],
+                  [&](const WifiStatus& status, const sp<IWifiChip>& chip) {
+                      if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                          operation_failed = true;
+                      }
+                      wifi_chip = chip;
+                  });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return wifi_chip;
+}
+
+// Since we currently only support one iface of each type. Just iterate thru the
+// modes of operation and find the mode ID to use for that iface type.
+bool findModeToSupportIfaceType(IfaceType type,
+                                const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>& modes,
+                                ChipModeId* mode_id) {
+    for (const auto& mode : modes) {
+        std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipIfaceCombination> combinations =
+            mode.availableCombinations;
+        for (const auto& combination : combinations) {
+            std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipIfaceCombinationLimit> iface_limits =
+                combination.limits;
+            for (const auto& iface_limit : iface_limits) {
+                std::vector<IfaceType> iface_types = iface_limit.types;
+                for (const auto& iface_type : iface_types) {
+                    if (iface_type == type) {
+                        *mode_id = mode.id;
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool configureChipToSupportIfaceType(const sp<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip,
+                                     IfaceType type) {
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> chip_modes;
+    wifi_chip->getAvailableModes(
+        [&](WifiStatus status, const hidl_vec<IWifiChip::ChipMode>& modes) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            chip_modes = modes;
+        });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ChipModeId mode_id;
+    if (!findModeToSupportIfaceType(type, chip_modes, &mode_id)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    wifi_chip->configureChip(mode_id, [&](WifiStatus status) {
+        if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+            operation_failed = true;
+        }
+    });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+sp<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface() {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportIfaceType(wifi_chip, IfaceType::AP)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    sp<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface;
+    wifi_chip->createApIface(
+        [&](const WifiStatus& status, const sp<IWifiApIface>& iface) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            wifi_ap_iface = iface;
+        });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return wifi_ap_iface;
+}
+
+sp<IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface() {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportIfaceType(wifi_chip, IfaceType::NAN)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    sp<IWifiNanIface> wifi_nan_iface;
+    wifi_chip->createNanIface(
+        [&](const WifiStatus& status, const sp<IWifiNanIface>& iface) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            wifi_nan_iface = iface;
+        });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return wifi_nan_iface;
+}
+
+sp<IWifiP2pIface> getWifiP2pIface() {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportIfaceType(wifi_chip, IfaceType::P2P)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    sp<IWifiP2pIface> wifi_p2p_iface;
+    wifi_chip->createP2pIface(
+        [&](const WifiStatus& status, const sp<IWifiP2pIface>& iface) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            wifi_p2p_iface = iface;
+        });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return wifi_p2p_iface;
+}
+
+sp<IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface() {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportIfaceType(wifi_chip, IfaceType::STA)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    sp<IWifiStaIface> wifi_sta_iface;
+    wifi_chip->createStaIface(
+        [&](const WifiStatus& status, const sp<IWifiStaIface>& iface) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            wifi_sta_iface = iface;
+        });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return wifi_sta_iface;
+}
+
+sp<IWifiRttController> getWifiRttController() {
+    sp<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip();
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    sp<IWifiStaIface> wifi_sta_iface = getWifiStaIface();
+    if (!wifi_sta_iface.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    bool operation_failed = false;
+    sp<IWifiRttController> wifi_rtt_controller;
+    wifi_chip->createRttController(
+        wifi_sta_iface, [&](const WifiStatus& status,
+                            const sp<IWifiRttController>& controller) {
+            if (status.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+                operation_failed = true;
+            }
+            wifi_rtt_controller = controller;
+        });
+    if (operation_failed) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return wifi_rtt_controller;
+}
+
+void stopWifi() {
+    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi();
+    ASSERT_NE(wifi, nullptr);
+    wifi->stop([](const WifiStatus& status) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(status.code, WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
+    });
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08933d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_hidl_test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiApIface.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiNanIface.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiP2pIface.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiRttController.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiStaIface.h>
+
+// Used to stop the android framework (wifi service) before every
+// test.
+void stopFramework();
+void startFramework();
+
+// Helper functions to obtain references to the various HIDL interface objects.
+// Note: We only have a single instance of each of these objects currently.
+// These helper functions should be modified to return vectors if we support
+// multiple instances.
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi> getWifi();
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip> getWifiChip();
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface();
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface();
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiP2pIface> getWifiP2pIface();
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface();
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiRttController>
+getWifiRttController();
+// Used to trigger IWifi.stop() at the end of every test.
+void stopWifi();
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8be48c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Nanache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiNanIface.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiNanIface;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all NAN Iface HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiNanIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiNanIface proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiNanIfaceHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifiNanIface().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_p2p_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_p2p_iface_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e29226d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_p2p_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the P2pache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiP2pIface.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiP2pIface;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all P2P Iface HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiP2pIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiP2pIface proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiP2pIfaceHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifiP2pIface().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_rtt_controller_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_rtt_controller_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7aee761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_rtt_controller_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiRttController.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiRttController;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all RTT controller HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiRttControllerHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiRttController proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiRttControllerHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifiRttController().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..770763c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Staache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiStaIface.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiStaIface;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all STA Iface HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiStaIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::Test {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {}
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+   protected:
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiStaIface proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiStaIfaceHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, getWifiStaIface().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/Android.bp b/wifi/Android.bp
index ea43db4..d4e0fda 100644
--- a/wifi/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // This is an autogenerated file, do not edit.
 subdirs = [
     "1.0",
+    "1.0/vts/functional",
     "supplicant/1.0",
 ]
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantP2pIface.hal b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantP2pIface.hal
index cd5a7c5..0fa19c8 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantP2pIface.hal
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantP2pIface.hal
@@ -357,8 +357,7 @@
    *         |SupplicantStatusCode.FAILURE_UNKNOWN|,
    *         |SupplicantStatusCode.FAILURE_IFACE_INVALID|
    */
-  configureExtListen(bool enable,
-                     uint32_t periodInMillis,
+  configureExtListen(uint32_t periodInMillis,
                      uint32_t intervalInMillis)
       generates (SupplicantStatus status);
 
@@ -492,8 +491,7 @@
    *         |SupplicantStatusCode.FAILURE_UNKNOWN|,
    *         |SupplicantStatusCode.FAILURE_IFACE_INVALID|
    */
-  flushServices(uint32_t version, string serviceName)
-      generates (SupplicantStatus status);
+  flushServices() generates (SupplicantStatus status);
 
   /**
    * Schedule a P2P service discovery request. The parameters for this command