diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
index a6ec4c7..126b782 100644
--- a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
@@ -789,8 +789,10 @@
                 outputBuffer.bufferId = buffer.bufferId;
                 outputBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
                 if (buffer.acquireFence >= 0) {
-                    outputBuffer.releaseFence.fds.resize(1);
-                    outputBuffer.releaseFence.fds.at(0).set(buffer.acquireFence);
+                    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                    handle->data[0] = buffer.acquireFence;
+                    outputBuffer.releaseFence = android::dupToAidl(handle);
+                    native_handle_delete(handle);
                 }
             } else {
                 offlineBuffers.push_back(buffer);
@@ -1768,8 +1770,10 @@
         result.outputBuffers[i].bufferId = req->buffers[i].bufferId;
         result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
         if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
-            result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence.fds.resize(1);
-            result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence.fds.at(0).set(req->buffers[i].acquireFence);
+            native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+            handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+            result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = android::dupToAidl(handle);
+            native_handle_delete(handle);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1813,16 +1817,20 @@
         if (req->buffers[i].fenceTimeout) {
             result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
             if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
-                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence.fds.resize(1);
-                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence.fds.at(0).set(req->buffers[i].acquireFence);
+                native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = android::dupToAidl(handle);
+                native_handle_delete(handle);
             }
             notifyError(req->frameNumber, req->buffers[i].streamId, ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER);
         } else {
             result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::OK;
             // TODO: refactor
             if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
-                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence.fds.resize(1);
-                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence.fds.at(0).set(req->buffers[i].acquireFence);
+                native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = android::dupToAidl(handle);
+                native_handle_delete(handle);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp
index 53bd44f..536fa47 100644
--- a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
             if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
                 native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
                 handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
-                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = android::makeToAidl(handle);
+                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = android::dupToAidl(handle);
             }
             notifyError(req->frameNumber, req->buffers[i].streamId, ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER);
         } else {
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
             if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
                 native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
                 handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
-                outputBuffer.releaseFence = android::makeToAidl(handle);
+                outputBuffer.releaseFence = android::dupToAidl(handle);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@
         if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
             native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
             handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
-            outputBuffer.releaseFence = makeToAidl(handle);
+            outputBuffer.releaseFence = dupToAidl(handle);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp
index 30c216f..2dc3c77 100644
--- a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp
@@ -750,18 +750,12 @@
 
 void freeReleaseFences(std::vector<CaptureResult>& results) {
     for (auto& result : results) {
-        native_handle_t* inputReleaseFence =
-                ::android::makeFromAidl(result.inputBuffer.releaseFence);
-        if (inputReleaseFence != nullptr) {
-            native_handle_close(inputReleaseFence);
-            native_handle_delete(inputReleaseFence);
-        }
+        // NativeHandles free fd's on desctruction. Simply delete the objects!
+        result.inputBuffer.releaseFence.fds.clear();  // Implicitly closes fds
+        result.inputBuffer.releaseFence.ints.clear();
         for (auto& buf : result.outputBuffers) {
-            native_handle_t* outReleaseFence = ::android::makeFromAidl(buf.releaseFence);
-            if (outReleaseFence != nullptr) {
-                native_handle_close(outReleaseFence);
-                native_handle_delete(outReleaseFence);
-            }
+            buf.releaseFence.fds.clear();  // Implicitly closes fds
+            buf.releaseFence.ints.clear();
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h b/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
index b8c69eb..1d7db6a 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
+++ b/security/keymint/support/include/remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h
@@ -183,4 +183,7 @@
         const cppbor::Array& keysToSign, const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr,
         IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* provisionable, const std::vector<uint8_t>& challenge);
 
+/** Checks whether the CSR has a proper DICE chain. */
+ErrMsgOr<bool> isCsrWithProperDiceChain(const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr);
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov
diff --git a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
index a830041..b74fd59 100644
--- a/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/support/remote_prov_utils.cpp
@@ -1081,4 +1081,40 @@
     return verifyCsr(keysToSign, csr, provisionable, challenge, /*isFactory=*/false);
 }
 
+ErrMsgOr<bool> isCsrWithProperDiceChain(const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr) {
+    auto [parsedRequest, _, csrErrMsg] = cppbor::parse(csr);
+    if (!parsedRequest) {
+        return csrErrMsg;
+    }
+    if (!parsedRequest->asArray()) {
+        return "AuthenticatedRequest is not a CBOR array.";
+    }
+    if (parsedRequest->asArray()->size() != 4U) {
+        return "AuthenticatedRequest must contain version, UDS certificates, DICE chain, and "
+               "signed data. However, the parsed AuthenticatedRequest has " +
+               std::to_string(parsedRequest->asArray()->size()) + " entries.";
+    }
+
+    auto version = parsedRequest->asArray()->get(0)->asUint();
+    auto diceCertChain = parsedRequest->asArray()->get(2)->asArray();
+
+    if (!version || version->value() != 1U) {
+        return "AuthenticatedRequest version must be an unsigned integer and must be equal to 1.";
+    }
+    if (!diceCertChain) {
+        return "AuthenticatedRequest DiceCertChain must be an Array.";
+    }
+
+    // DICE chain is [ pubkey, + DiceChainEntry ].
+    auto diceChainKind = getDiceChainKind();
+    if (!diceChainKind) {
+        return diceChainKind.message();
+    }
+
+    auto encodedDiceChain = diceCertChain->encode();
+    auto chain = hwtrust::DiceChain::Verify(encodedDiceChain, *diceChainKind);
+    if (!chain.ok()) return chain.error().message();
+    return chain->IsProper();
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
index 68b966c..2a8fd96 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,12 @@
 
 constexpr uint8_t MIN_CHALLENGE_SIZE = 0;
 constexpr uint8_t MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE = 64;
+const string DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME =
+        "android.hardware.security.keymint.IRemotelyProvisionedComponent/default";
 const string RKP_VM_INSTANCE_NAME =
         "android.hardware.security.keymint.IRemotelyProvisionedComponent/avf";
+const string KEYMINT_STRONGBOX_INSTANCE_NAME =
+        "android.hardware.security.keymint.IKeyMintDevice/strongbox";
 
 #define INSTANTIATE_REM_PROV_AIDL_TEST(name)                                         \
     GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(name);                             \
@@ -230,6 +234,37 @@
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Verify that the default implementation supports DICE if there is a StrongBox KeyMint instance
+ * on the device.
+ */
+// @VsrTest = 3.10-015
+TEST(NonParameterizedTests, requireDiceOnDefaultInstanceIfStrongboxPresent) {
+    int vsr_api_level = get_vsr_api_level();
+    if (vsr_api_level < 35) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Applies only to VSR API level 35 or newer, this device is: "
+                     << vsr_api_level;
+    }
+
+    if (!AServiceManager_isDeclared(KEYMINT_STRONGBOX_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str())) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Strongbox is not present on this device.";
+    }
+
+    ::ndk::SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str()));
+    std::shared_ptr<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent> rpc =
+            IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::fromBinder(binder);
+    ASSERT_NE(rpc, nullptr);
+
+    bytevec challenge = randomBytes(64);
+    bytevec csr;
+    auto status = rpc->generateCertificateRequestV2({} /* keysToSign */, challenge, &csr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getDescription();
+
+    auto result = isCsrWithProperDiceChain(csr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.message();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*result);
+}
+
 using GetHardwareInfoTests = VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests;
 
 INSTANTIATE_REM_PROV_AIDL_TEST(GetHardwareInfoTests);