diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 7ac44a4..78f93af 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <random>
+#include <thread>
 
 using android::sp;
 using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
@@ -144,7 +145,10 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret2));
     }
 
-    void TearDown() override {}
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // Hack to allow the asynchronous operations to finish on time.
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(250));
+    }
 
     sp<IBiometricsFace> mService;
     sp<FaceCallback> mCallback;
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
index 529fb18..6df7f8d 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -605,6 +605,9 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence.reset(mGralloc->unlock(bufferHandle)));
 }
 
+/**
+ *  Test multiple operations associated with different color formats
+ */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, Lock_YCRCB_420_SP) {
     auto info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
     info.format = PixelFormat::YCRCB_420_SP;
@@ -751,6 +754,90 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence.reset(mGralloc->unlock(bufferHandle)));
 }
 
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, Lock_RAW10) {
+    auto info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
+    info.format = PixelFormat::RAW10;
+
+    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
+    uint32_t stride;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(
+                                    info, true, Tolerance::kToleranceUnSupported, &stride));
+    if (bufferHandle == nullptr) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "RAW10 format is unsupported";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
+                               static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
+    unique_fd fence;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc->lock(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence.get()));
+
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, mGralloc->get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_PlaneLayouts, &vec));
+    std::vector<PlaneLayout> planeLayouts;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodePlaneLayouts(vec, &planeLayouts));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, planeLayouts.size());
+    auto planeLayout = planeLayouts[0];
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, planeLayout.sampleIncrementInBits);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, planeLayout.horizontalSubsampling);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, planeLayout.verticalSubsampling);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, planeLayout.components.size());
+    auto planeLayoutComponent = planeLayout.components[0];
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(PlaneLayoutComponentType::RAW,
+              static_cast<PlaneLayoutComponentType>(planeLayoutComponent.type.value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, planeLayoutComponent.offsetInBits % 8);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, planeLayoutComponent.sizeInBits);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence.reset(mGralloc->unlock(bufferHandle)));
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, Lock_RAW12) {
+    auto info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
+    info.format = PixelFormat::RAW12;
+
+    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
+    uint32_t stride;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(
+                                    info, true, Tolerance::kToleranceUnSupported, &stride));
+    if (bufferHandle == nullptr) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "RAW12 format is unsupported";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
+                               static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
+    unique_fd fence;
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc->lock(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence.get()));
+
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, mGralloc->get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_PlaneLayouts, &vec));
+    std::vector<PlaneLayout> planeLayouts;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodePlaneLayouts(vec, &planeLayouts));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, planeLayouts.size());
+    auto planeLayout = planeLayouts[0];
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, planeLayout.sampleIncrementInBits);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, planeLayout.horizontalSubsampling);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, planeLayout.verticalSubsampling);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, planeLayout.components.size());
+    auto planeLayoutComponent = planeLayout.components[0];
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(PlaneLayoutComponentType::RAW,
+              static_cast<PlaneLayoutComponentType>(planeLayoutComponent.type.value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, planeLayoutComponent.offsetInBits % 8);
+    EXPECT_EQ(-1, planeLayoutComponent.sizeInBits);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence.reset(mGralloc->unlock(bufferHandle)));
+}
+
 /**
  * Test IMapper::unlock with bad access region
  */
@@ -1707,6 +1794,84 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test get::metadata with cloned native_handle
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, GetMetadataClonedHandle) {
+    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = nullptr;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, true));
+
+    const auto dataspace = Dataspace::SRGB_LINEAR;
+    {
+        hidl_vec<uint8_t> metadata;
+        ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeDataspace(dataspace, &metadata));
+
+        Error err = mGralloc->set(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Dataspace, metadata);
+        if (err == Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setting this metadata is unsupported";
+            return;
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+    }
+
+    const native_handle_t* importedHandle;
+    {
+        auto clonedHandle = native_handle_clone(bufferHandle);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(importedHandle = mGralloc->importBuffer(clonedHandle));
+        native_handle_close(clonedHandle);
+        native_handle_delete(clonedHandle);
+    }
+
+    Dataspace realSpace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+    {
+        hidl_vec<uint8_t> metadata;
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE,
+                  mGralloc->get(importedHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Dataspace, &metadata));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gralloc4::decodeDataspace(metadata, &realSpace));
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(dataspace, realSpace);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Test set::metadata with cloned native_handle
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, SetMetadataClonedHandle) {
+    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = nullptr;
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, true));
+
+    const native_handle_t* importedHandle;
+    {
+        auto clonedHandle = native_handle_clone(bufferHandle);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(importedHandle = mGralloc->importBuffer(clonedHandle));
+        native_handle_close(clonedHandle);
+        native_handle_delete(clonedHandle);
+    }
+
+    const auto dataspace = Dataspace::SRGB_LINEAR;
+    {
+        hidl_vec<uint8_t> metadata;
+        ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::encodeDataspace(dataspace, &metadata));
+
+        Error err = mGralloc->set(importedHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Dataspace, metadata);
+        if (err == Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setting this metadata is unsupported";
+            return;
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+    }
+
+    Dataspace realSpace = Dataspace::UNKNOWN;
+    {
+        hidl_vec<uint8_t> metadata;
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE,
+                  mGralloc->get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Dataspace, &metadata));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gralloc4::decodeDataspace(metadata, &realSpace));
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(dataspace, realSpace);
+}
+
+/**
  * Test IMapper::set(metadata) for constant metadata
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, SetConstantMetadata) {
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
index 449b8f3..16b313a 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
@@ -315,7 +315,8 @@
 
     void saveModelToCache(const Model& model, const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& modelCache,
                           const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& dataCache,
-                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr) {
+                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr,
+                          bool allowGeneralFailure = false) {
         if (preparedModel != nullptr) *preparedModel = nullptr;
 
         // Launch prepare model.
@@ -329,7 +330,10 @@
 
         // Retrieve prepared model.
         preparedModelCallback->wait();
-        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModelCallback->getStatus(), ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        const auto prepareCallbackStatus = preparedModelCallback->getStatus();
+        if (!allowGeneralFailure || prepareCallbackStatus != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(prepareCallbackStatus, ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        }
         if (preparedModel != nullptr) {
             *preparedModel = IPreparedModel::castFrom(preparedModelCallback->getPreparedModel())
                                      .withDefault(nullptr);
@@ -1022,7 +1026,8 @@
 
 // Number of operations in the large test model.
 constexpr uint32_t kLargeModelSize = 100;
-constexpr uint32_t kNumIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
+constexpr uint32_t kNumSuccessfulIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
+constexpr uint32_t kMaxNumFailedIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
 
 TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCache_TOCTOU) {
     if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
@@ -1050,18 +1055,30 @@
     // Use a different token for modelAdd.
     mToken[0]++;
 
-    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times.
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumIterationsTOCTOU; i++) {
+    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times. We allow the compilation to fail
+    // because it is not related to the security aspect of the TOCTOU test. However, we need to have
+    // enough successful iterations to ensure the test coverage.
+    uint32_t numSuccessfulIterations = 0, numFailedIterations = 0;
+    while (numSuccessfulIterations < kNumSuccessfulIterationsTOCTOU) {
         // Save the modelAdd compilation to cache.
         {
             hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
             createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
             createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
 
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
             // Spawn a thread to copy the cache content concurrently while saving to cache.
             std::thread thread(copyCacheFiles, std::cref(modelCacheMul), std::cref(mModelCache));
-            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
+            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel,
+                             /*allowGeneralFailure=*/true);
             thread.join();
+
+            if (preparedModel == nullptr) {
+                numFailedIterations++;
+                ASSERT_LE(numFailedIterations, kMaxNumFailedIterationsTOCTOU);
+            } else {
+                numSuccessfulIterations++;
+            }
         }
 
         // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
@@ -1112,14 +1129,26 @@
     // Use a different token for modelAdd.
     mToken[0]++;
 
-    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times.
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumIterationsTOCTOU; i++) {
+    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times. We allow the compilation to fail
+    // because it is not related to the security aspect of the TOCTOU test. However, we need to have
+    // enough successful iterations to ensure the test coverage.
+    uint32_t numSuccessfulIterations = 0, numFailedIterations = 0;
+    while (numSuccessfulIterations < kNumSuccessfulIterationsTOCTOU) {
         // Save the modelAdd compilation to cache.
         {
             hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
             createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
             createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel,
+                             /*allowGeneralFailure=*/true);
+
+            if (preparedModel == nullptr) {
+                numFailedIterations++;
+                ASSERT_LE(numFailedIterations, kMaxNumFailedIterationsTOCTOU);
+            } else {
+                numSuccessfulIterations++;
+            }
         }
 
         // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
index ac18c8f..382fc76 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
@@ -318,7 +318,8 @@
 
     void saveModelToCache(const Model& model, const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& modelCache,
                           const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& dataCache,
-                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr) {
+                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr,
+                          bool allowGeneralFailure = false) {
         if (preparedModel != nullptr) *preparedModel = nullptr;
 
         // Launch prepare model.
@@ -332,7 +333,10 @@
 
         // Retrieve prepared model.
         preparedModelCallback->wait();
-        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModelCallback->getStatus(), ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        const auto prepareCallbackStatus = preparedModelCallback->getStatus();
+        if (!allowGeneralFailure || prepareCallbackStatus != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(prepareCallbackStatus, ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        }
         if (preparedModel != nullptr) {
             *preparedModel = IPreparedModel::castFrom(preparedModelCallback->getPreparedModel())
                                      .withDefault(nullptr);
@@ -1013,7 +1017,8 @@
 
 // Number of operations in the large test model.
 constexpr uint32_t kLargeModelSize = 100;
-constexpr uint32_t kNumIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
+constexpr uint32_t kNumSuccessfulIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
+constexpr uint32_t kMaxNumFailedIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
 
 TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCache_TOCTOU) {
     if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
@@ -1041,18 +1046,30 @@
     // Use a different token for modelAdd.
     mToken[0]++;
 
-    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times.
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumIterationsTOCTOU; i++) {
+    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times. We allow the compilation to fail
+    // because it is not related to the security aspect of the TOCTOU test. However, we need to have
+    // enough successful iterations to ensure the test coverage.
+    uint32_t numSuccessfulIterations = 0, numFailedIterations = 0;
+    while (numSuccessfulIterations < kNumSuccessfulIterationsTOCTOU) {
         // Save the modelAdd compilation to cache.
         {
             hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
             createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
             createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
 
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
             // Spawn a thread to copy the cache content concurrently while saving to cache.
             std::thread thread(copyCacheFiles, std::cref(modelCacheMul), std::cref(mModelCache));
-            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
+            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel,
+                             /*allowGeneralFailure=*/true);
             thread.join();
+
+            if (preparedModel == nullptr) {
+                numFailedIterations++;
+                ASSERT_LE(numFailedIterations, kMaxNumFailedIterationsTOCTOU);
+            } else {
+                numSuccessfulIterations++;
+            }
         }
 
         // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
@@ -1103,14 +1120,26 @@
     // Use a different token for modelAdd.
     mToken[0]++;
 
-    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times.
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumIterationsTOCTOU; i++) {
+    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times. We allow the compilation to fail
+    // because it is not related to the security aspect of the TOCTOU test. However, we need to have
+    // enough successful iterations to ensure the test coverage.
+    uint32_t numSuccessfulIterations = 0, numFailedIterations = 0;
+    while (numSuccessfulIterations < kNumSuccessfulIterationsTOCTOU) {
         // Save the modelAdd compilation to cache.
         {
             hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
             createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
             createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            saveModelToCache(modelAdd, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel,
+                             /*allowGeneralFailure=*/true);
+
+            if (preparedModel == nullptr) {
+                numFailedIterations++;
+                ASSERT_LE(numFailedIterations, kMaxNumFailedIterationsTOCTOU);
+            } else {
+                numSuccessfulIterations++;
+            }
         }
 
         // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.