diff --git a/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h b/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h
index 63ea1bb..b49e658 100644
--- a/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/2.0/default/Stream.h
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@
     }
     _hidl_cb(retval, info);
     if (hidlHandle != nullptr) {
-        native_handle_close(hidlHandle);
         native_handle_delete(hidlHandle);
     }
     return Void();
diff --git a/automotive/Android.bp b/automotive/Android.bp
index 1f39e88..9b24ded 100644
--- a/automotive/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 // This is an autogenerated file, do not edit.
 subdirs = [
+    "evs/1.0",
+    "evs/1.0/default",
     "vehicle/2.0",
     "vehicle/2.1",
 ]
diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.0/Android.bp b/automotive/evs/1.0/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042becd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// This file is autogenerated by hidl-gen. Do not edit manually.
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_hal",
+    srcs: [
+        "types.hal",
+        "IEvsCamera.hal",
+        "IEvsCameraStream.hal",
+        "IEvsDisplay.hal",
+        "IEvsEnumerator.hal",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_genc++",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lc++ -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0",
+    srcs: [
+        ":android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/types.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/EvsCameraAll.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/EvsCameraStreamAll.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/EvsDisplayAll.cpp",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/EvsEnumeratorAll.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+genrule {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_genc++_headers",
+    tools: ["hidl-gen"],
+    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lc++ -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0",
+    srcs: [
+        ":android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_hal",
+    ],
+    out: [
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/types.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IHwEvsCamera.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsCamera.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsCamera.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BsEvsCamera.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IHwEvsCameraStream.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsCameraStream.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsCameraStream.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BsEvsCameraStream.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IHwEvsDisplay.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsDisplay.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsDisplay.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BsEvsDisplay.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IHwEvsEnumerator.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsEnumerator.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsEnumerator.h",
+        "android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/BsEvsEnumerator.h",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0",
+    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_genc++"],
+    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0_genc++_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.hal b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.hal
similarity index 98%
rename from evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.hal
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.hal
index d0559d7..1b55d1f 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.hal
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.hal
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.hardware.evs@1.0;
+package android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0;
 
 import types;
 import IEvsCameraStream;
diff --git a/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.hal b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.hal
similarity index 96%
rename from evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.hal
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.hal
index fcd5717..4e743b2 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.hal
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.hal
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.hardware.evs@1.0;
+package android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0;
 
 
 /**
diff --git a/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.hal b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.hal
similarity index 98%
rename from evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.hal
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.hal
index 8352221..bbad428 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.hal
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.hal
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.hardware.evs@1.0;
+package android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0;
 
 import types;
 
diff --git a/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.hal b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.hal
similarity index 97%
rename from evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.hal
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.hal
index 3779866..334430b 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.hal
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.hal
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.hardware.evs@1.0;
+package android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0;
 
 import types;
 import IEvsCamera;
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/Android.bp b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/Android.bp
similarity index 70%
rename from evs/1.0/default/Android.bp
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/Android.bp
index c47f035..51c3a94 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cc_binary {
-    name: "android.hardware.evs@1.0-service",
+    name: "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service",
     proprietary: true,
     relative_install_path: "hw",
     srcs: [
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
         "EvsEnumerator.cpp",
         "EvsDisplay.cpp"
     ],
-    init_rc: ["android.hardware.evs@1.0-service.rc"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service.rc"],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.evs@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0",
         "libui",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder",
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.cpp b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.cpp
similarity index 98%
rename from evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.cpp
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.cpp
index df7e844..6bcf22a 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.evs@1.0-service"
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service"
 
 #include "EvsCamera.h"
 
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
 namespace evs {
 namespace V1_0 {
 namespace implementation {
@@ -42,9 +43,9 @@
 // As it stands, if the client dies suddenly, the buffer may be stranded.
 
 EvsCamera::EvsCamera(const char *id) :
-    mFramesAllowed(0),
-    mFramesInUse(0),
-    mStreamState(STOPPED) {
+        mFramesAllowed(0),
+        mFramesInUse(0),
+        mStreamState(STOPPED) {
 
     ALOGD("EvsCamera instantiated");
 
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@
 }
 
 
-// Methods from ::android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsCamera follow.
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsCamera follow.
 Return<void> EvsCamera::getId(getId_cb id_cb) {
     ALOGD("getId");
 
@@ -487,5 +488,6 @@
 } // namespace implementation
 } // namespace V1_0
 } // namespace evs
+} // namespace automotive
 } // namespace hardware
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.h b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee91ca4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERA_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERA_H
+
+#include <android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/types.h>
+#include <android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
+
+#include <thread>
+
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
+namespace evs {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+
+class EvsCamera : public IEvsCamera {
+public:
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsCamera follow.
+    Return<void> getId(getId_cb id_cb) override;
+
+    Return <EvsResult> setMaxFramesInFlight(uint32_t bufferCount) override;
+
+    Return <EvsResult> startVideoStream(const ::android::sp<IEvsCameraStream>& stream) override;
+
+    Return<void> doneWithFrame(const BufferDesc& buffer) override;
+
+    Return<void> stopVideoStream() override;
+
+    Return <int32_t> getExtendedInfo(uint32_t opaqueIdentifier) override;
+
+    Return <EvsResult> setExtendedInfo(uint32_t opaqueIdentifier, int32_t opaqueValue) override;
+
+    // Implementation details
+    EvsCamera(const char* id);
+
+    virtual ~EvsCamera() override;
+
+    const CameraDesc& getDesc() { return mDescription; };
+
+    static const char kCameraName_Backup[];
+    static const char kCameraName_RightTurn[];
+
+private:
+    // These three functions are expected to be called while mAccessLock is held
+    bool setAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned bufferCount);
+
+    unsigned increaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToAdd);
+
+    unsigned decreaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToRemove);
+
+    void generateFrames();
+
+    void fillTestFrame(const BufferDesc& buff);
+
+    CameraDesc mDescription = {};  // The properties of this camera
+
+    std::thread mCaptureThread;     // The thread we'll use to synthesize frames
+
+    uint32_t mWidth = 0;        // Horizontal pixel count in the buffers
+    uint32_t mHeight = 0;        // Vertical pixel count in the buffers
+    uint32_t mFormat = 0;        // Values from android_pixel_format_t [TODO: YUV?  Leave opaque?]
+    uint32_t mUsage = 0;        // Values from from Gralloc.h
+    uint32_t mStride = 0;        // Bytes per line in the buffers
+
+    sp <IEvsCameraStream> mStream = nullptr;  // The callback used to deliver each frame
+
+    struct BufferRecord {
+        buffer_handle_t handle;
+        bool inUse;
+
+        explicit BufferRecord(buffer_handle_t h) : handle(h), inUse(false) {};
+    };
+
+    std::vector <BufferRecord> mBuffers;           // Graphics buffers to transfer images
+    unsigned mFramesAllowed;     // How many buffers are we currently using
+    unsigned mFramesInUse;       // How many buffers are currently outstanding
+
+    enum StreamStateValues {
+        STOPPED,
+        RUNNING,
+        STOPPING,
+    };
+    StreamStateValues mStreamState;
+
+    // Syncrhonization necessary to deconflict mCaptureThread from the main service thread
+    std::mutex mAccessLock;
+};
+
+} // namespace implementation
+} // namespace V1_0
+} // namespace evs
+} // namespace automotive
+} // namespace hardware
+} // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERA_H
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.cpp b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.cpp
similarity index 98%
rename from evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.cpp
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.cpp
index bbfff35..a1a76d0 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.evs@1.0-service"
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service"
 
 #include "EvsDisplay.h"
 
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
 namespace evs {
 namespace V1_0 {
 namespace implementation {
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@
 
         // If we failed to lock the pixel buffer, we're about to crash, but log it first
         if (!pixels) {
-            ALOGE("Camera failed to gain access to image buffer for reading");
+            ALOGE("Display failed to gain access to image buffer for reading");
         }
 
         // Check the test pixels
@@ -302,5 +303,6 @@
 } // namespace implementation
 } // namespace V1_0
 } // namespace evs
+} // namespace automotive
 } // namespace hardware
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.h b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.h
similarity index 81%
rename from evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.h
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.h
index f4d7ee9..fcf4a06 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.h
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsDisplay.h
@@ -14,21 +14,22 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSDISPLAY_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSDISPLAY_H
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSDISPLAY_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSDISPLAY_H
 
-#include <android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.h>
+#include <android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
 namespace evs {
 namespace V1_0 {
 namespace implementation {
 
 class EvsDisplay : public IEvsDisplay {
 public:
-    // Methods from ::android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsDisplay follow.
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsDisplay follow.
     Return<void> getDisplayInfo(getDisplayInfo_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
     Return<EvsResult> setDisplayState(DisplayState state)  override;
     Return<DisplayState> getDisplayState()  override;
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@
 } // namespace implementation
 } // namespace V1_0
 } // namespace evs
+} // namespace automotive
 } // namespace hardware
 } // namespace android
 
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSDISPLAY_H
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSDISPLAY_H
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.cpp b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.cpp
similarity index 96%
rename from evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.cpp
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.cpp
index 4bf77f3..e54f699 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.evs@1.0-service"
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service"
 
 #include "EvsEnumerator.h"
 #include "EvsCamera.h"
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
 namespace evs {
 namespace V1_0 {
 namespace implementation {
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@
     mCameraList.emplace_back( new EvsCamera(EvsCamera::kCameraName_RightTurn), false );
 }
 
-// Methods from ::android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsEnumerator follow.
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsEnumerator follow.
 Return<void> EvsEnumerator::getCameraList(getCameraList_cb _hidl_cb)  {
     ALOGD("getCameraList");
 
@@ -168,5 +169,6 @@
 } // namespace implementation
 } // namespace V1_0
 } // namespace evs
+} // namespace automotive
 } // namespace hardware
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.h b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.h
similarity index 78%
rename from evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.h
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.h
index 0e719bd..3d6e264 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.h
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/EvsEnumerator.h
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERAENUMERATOR_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERAENUMERATOR_H
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERAENUMERATOR_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERAENUMERATOR_H
 
-#include <android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.h>
+#include <android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.h>
+#include <android/hardware/automotive/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.h>
 
 #include <list>
 
@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
 namespace evs {
 namespace V1_0 {
 namespace implementation {
 
 class EvsEnumerator : public IEvsEnumerator {
 public:
-    // Methods from ::android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsEnumerator follow.
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsEnumerator follow.
     Return<void> getCameraList(getCameraList_cb _hidl_cb)  override;
     Return<sp<IEvsCamera>> openCamera(const hidl_string& cameraId) override;
     Return<void> closeCamera(const ::android::sp<IEvsCamera>& carCamera)  override;
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@
 } // namespace implementation
 } // namespace V1_0
 } // namespace evs
+} // namespace automotive
 } // namespace hardware
 } // namespace android
 
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERAENUMERATOR_H
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERAENUMERATOR_H
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/ServiceNames.h b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/ServiceNames.h
similarity index 100%
rename from evs/1.0/default/ServiceNames.h
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/ServiceNames.h
diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.0/default/android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service.rc b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8957ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service evs-hal-1-0 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service
+    class hal
+    user cameraserver
+    group camera
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/service.cpp b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/service.cpp
similarity index 87%
rename from evs/1.0/default/service.cpp
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/default/service.cpp
index 112c879..1b64e44 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/default/service.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/default/service.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.evs@1.0-service"
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0-service"
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
 using android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
 
 // Generated HIDL files
-using android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsEnumerator;
-using android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsDisplay;
+using android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsEnumerator;
+using android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::IEvsDisplay;
 
 // The namespace in which all our implementation code lives
-using namespace android::hardware::evs::V1_0::implementation;
+using namespace android::hardware::automotive::evs::V1_0::implementation;
 using namespace android;
 
 
diff --git a/evs/1.0/types.hal b/automotive/evs/1.0/types.hal
similarity index 98%
rename from evs/1.0/types.hal
rename to automotive/evs/1.0/types.hal
index 6b580cf..661c2a9 100644
--- a/evs/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.0/types.hal
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-package android.hardware.evs@1.0;
+package android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0;
 
 
 /*
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/Android.bp b/bluetooth/1.0/default/Android.bp
index fb20195..e04c2f4 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@
     name: "android.hardware.bluetooth-hci",
     srcs: [
         "hci_packetizer.cc",
+        "hci_protocol.cc",
+        "h4_protocol.cc",
+        "mct_protocol.cc",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["."],
     shared_libs: [
@@ -71,16 +74,21 @@
     name: "bluetooth-vendor-interface-unit-tests",
     srcs: [
         "test/async_fd_watcher_unittest.cc",
+        "test/h4_protocol_unittest.cc",
+        "test/mct_protocol_unittest.cc",
     ],
     local_include_dirs: [
         "test",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
+        "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.bluetooth-async",
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth-hci",
+        "libgmock",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.cc
index 287d007..2f23a69 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.cc
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.cc
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <condition_variable>
+#include <map>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
@@ -26,6 +27,8 @@
 #include "sys/select.h"
 #include "unistd.h"
 
+static const int INVALID_FD = -1;
+
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace bluetooth {
@@ -36,8 +39,7 @@
   // Add file descriptor and callback
   {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(internal_mutex_);
-    read_fd_ = file_descriptor;
-    cb_ = on_read_fd_ready_callback;
+    watched_fds_[file_descriptor] = on_read_fd_ready_callback;
   }
 
   // Start the thread if not started yet
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-void AsyncFdWatcher::StopWatchingFileDescriptor() { stopThread(); }
+void AsyncFdWatcher::StopWatchingFileDescriptors() { stopThread(); }
 
 AsyncFdWatcher::~AsyncFdWatcher() {}
 
@@ -90,8 +92,7 @@
 
   {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(internal_mutex_);
-    cb_ = nullptr;
-    read_fd_ = -1;
+    watched_fds_.clear();
   }
 
   {
@@ -115,7 +116,11 @@
     fd_set read_fds;
     FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
     FD_SET(notification_listen_fd_, &read_fds);
-    FD_SET(read_fd_, &read_fds);
+    int max_read_fd = INVALID_FD;
+    for (auto& it : watched_fds_) {
+      FD_SET(it.first, &read_fds);
+      max_read_fd = std::max(max_read_fd, it.first);
+    }
 
     struct timeval timeout;
     struct timeval* timeout_ptr = NULL;
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@
     }
 
     // Wait until there is data available to read on some FD.
-    int nfds = std::max(notification_listen_fd_, read_fd_);
+    int nfds = std::max(notification_listen_fd_, max_read_fd);
     int retval = select(nfds + 1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, timeout_ptr);
 
     // There was some error.
@@ -153,10 +158,21 @@
       continue;
     }
 
-    // Invoke the data ready callback if appropriate.
-    if (FD_ISSET(read_fd_, &read_fds)) {
+    // Invoke the data ready callbacks if appropriate.
+    std::vector<decltype(watched_fds_)::value_type> saved_callbacks;
+    {
       std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(internal_mutex_);
-      if (cb_) cb_(read_fd_);
+      for (auto& it : watched_fds_) {
+        if (FD_ISSET(it.first, &read_fds)) {
+          saved_callbacks.push_back(it);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (auto& it : saved_callbacks) {
+      if (it.second) {
+        it.second(it.first);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.h b/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.h
index 3f7ff54..358cbc3 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.h
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/async_fd_watcher.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <map>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
                                  const ReadCallback& on_read_fd_ready_callback);
   int ConfigureTimeout(const std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
                        const TimeoutCallback& on_timeout_callback);
-  void StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
+  void StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
 
  private:
   AsyncFdWatcher(const AsyncFdWatcher&) = delete;
@@ -52,10 +53,9 @@
   std::mutex internal_mutex_;
   std::mutex timeout_mutex_;
 
-  int read_fd_;
+  std::map<int, ReadCallback> watched_fds_;
   int notification_listen_fd_;
   int notification_write_fd_;
-  ReadCallback cb_;
   TimeoutCallback timeout_cb_;
   std::chrono::milliseconds timeout_ms_;
 };
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/bluetooth_hci.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/bluetooth_hci.cc
index 1d6e600..5a282bf 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/bluetooth_hci.cc
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/bluetooth_hci.cc
@@ -44,21 +44,14 @@
         event_cb_->initializationComplete(
             status ? Status::SUCCESS : Status::INITIALIZATION_ERROR);
       },
-      [this](HciPacketType type, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& packet) {
-        switch (type) {
-          case HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT:
-            event_cb_->hciEventReceived(packet);
-            break;
-          case HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA:
-            event_cb_->aclDataReceived(packet);
-            break;
-          case HCI_PACKET_TYPE_SCO_DATA:
-            event_cb_->scoDataReceived(packet);
-            break;
-          default:
-            ALOGE("%s Unexpected event type %d", __func__, type);
-            break;
-        }
+      [this](const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& packet) {
+        event_cb_->hciEventReceived(packet);
+      },
+      [this](const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& packet) {
+        event_cb_->aclDataReceived(packet);
+      },
+      [this](const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& packet) {
+        event_cb_->scoDataReceived(packet);
       });
   if (!rc) event_cb_->initializationComplete(Status::INITIALIZATION_ERROR);
   return Void();
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/h4_protocol.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/h4_protocol.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f24b5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/h4_protocol.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#include "h4_protocol.h"
+
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.bluetooth-hci-h4"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace hci {
+
+size_t H4Protocol::Send(uint8_t type, const uint8_t* data, size_t length) {
+  int rv = WriteSafely(uart_fd_, &type, sizeof(type));
+  if (rv == sizeof(type)) {
+    rv = WriteSafely(uart_fd_, data, length);
+  }
+  return rv;
+}
+
+void H4Protocol::OnPacketReady() {
+  switch (hci_packet_type_) {
+    case HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT:
+      event_cb_(hci_packetizer_.GetPacket());
+      break;
+    case HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA:
+      acl_cb_(hci_packetizer_.GetPacket());
+      break;
+    case HCI_PACKET_TYPE_SCO_DATA:
+      sco_cb_(hci_packetizer_.GetPacket());
+      break;
+    default: {
+      bool bad_packet_type = true;
+      CHECK(!bad_packet_type);
+    }
+  }
+  // Get ready for the next type byte.
+  hci_packet_type_ = HCI_PACKET_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+void H4Protocol::OnDataReady(int fd) {
+  if (hci_packet_type_ == HCI_PACKET_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
+    uint8_t buffer[1] = {0};
+    size_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, 1));
+    CHECK(bytes_read == 1);
+    hci_packet_type_ = static_cast<HciPacketType>(buffer[0]);
+  } else {
+    hci_packetizer_.OnDataReady(fd, hci_packet_type_);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace hci
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/h4_protocol.h b/bluetooth/1.0/default/h4_protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d0a1ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/h4_protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
+
+#include "async_fd_watcher.h"
+#include "bt_vendor_lib.h"
+#include "hci_internals.h"
+#include "hci_protocol.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace hci {
+
+class H4Protocol : public HciProtocol {
+ public:
+  H4Protocol(int fd, PacketReadCallback event_cb, PacketReadCallback acl_cb,
+             PacketReadCallback sco_cb)
+      : uart_fd_(fd),
+        event_cb_(event_cb),
+        acl_cb_(acl_cb),
+        sco_cb_(sco_cb),
+        hci_packetizer_([this]() { OnPacketReady(); }) {}
+
+  size_t Send(uint8_t type, const uint8_t* data, size_t length);
+
+  void OnPacketReady();
+
+  void OnDataReady(int fd);
+
+ private:
+  int uart_fd_;
+
+  PacketReadCallback event_cb_;
+  PacketReadCallback acl_cb_;
+  PacketReadCallback sco_cb_;
+
+  HciPacketType hci_packet_type_{HCI_PACKET_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
+  hci::HciPacketizer hci_packetizer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace hci
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.cc
index 1a50196..9549858 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.cc
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.cc
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.bluetooth.hci_packetizer"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
@@ -46,63 +45,40 @@
 namespace bluetooth {
 namespace hci {
 
-HciPacketType HciPacketizer::GetPacketType() const {
-  return hci_packet_type_;
-}
+const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& HciPacketizer::GetPacket() const { return packet_; }
 
-const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& HciPacketizer::GetPacket() const {
-  return hci_packet_;
-}
-
-void HciPacketizer::OnDataReady(int fd) {
-  switch (hci_parser_state_) {
-    case HCI_IDLE: {
-      uint8_t buffer[1] = {0};
-      size_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buffer, 1));
-      CHECK(bytes_read == 1);
-      hci_packet_type_ = static_cast<HciPacketType>(buffer[0]);
-      CHECK(hci_packet_type_ >= HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA &&
-            hci_packet_type_ <= HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT)
-          << "buffer[0] = " << static_cast<unsigned int>(buffer[0]);
-      hci_parser_state_ = HCI_TYPE_READY;
-      hci_packet_bytes_remaining_ = preamble_size_for_type[hci_packet_type_];
-      hci_packet_bytes_read_ = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    case HCI_TYPE_READY: {
+void HciPacketizer::OnDataReady(int fd, HciPacketType packet_type) {
+  switch (state_) {
+    case HCI_PREAMBLE: {
       size_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-          read(fd, hci_packet_preamble_ + hci_packet_bytes_read_,
-               hci_packet_bytes_remaining_));
+          read(fd, preamble_ + bytes_read_,
+               preamble_size_for_type[packet_type] - bytes_read_));
       CHECK(bytes_read > 0);
-      hci_packet_bytes_remaining_ -= bytes_read;
-      hci_packet_bytes_read_ += bytes_read;
-      if (hci_packet_bytes_remaining_ == 0) {
+      bytes_read_ += bytes_read;
+      if (bytes_read_ == preamble_size_for_type[packet_type]) {
         size_t packet_length =
-            HciGetPacketLengthForType(hci_packet_type_, hci_packet_preamble_);
-        hci_packet_.resize(preamble_size_for_type[hci_packet_type_] +
-                           packet_length);
-        memcpy(hci_packet_.data(), hci_packet_preamble_,
-               preamble_size_for_type[hci_packet_type_]);
-        hci_packet_bytes_remaining_ = packet_length;
-        hci_parser_state_ = HCI_PAYLOAD;
-        hci_packet_bytes_read_ = 0;
+            HciGetPacketLengthForType(packet_type, preamble_);
+        packet_.resize(preamble_size_for_type[packet_type] + packet_length);
+        memcpy(packet_.data(), preamble_, preamble_size_for_type[packet_type]);
+        bytes_remaining_ = packet_length;
+        state_ = HCI_PAYLOAD;
+        bytes_read_ = 0;
       }
       break;
     }
 
     case HCI_PAYLOAD: {
-      size_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-          read(fd,
-               hci_packet_.data() + preamble_size_for_type[hci_packet_type_] +
-                   hci_packet_bytes_read_,
-               hci_packet_bytes_remaining_));
+      size_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(
+          fd,
+          packet_.data() + preamble_size_for_type[packet_type] + bytes_read_,
+          bytes_remaining_));
       CHECK(bytes_read > 0);
-      hci_packet_bytes_remaining_ -= bytes_read;
-      hci_packet_bytes_read_ += bytes_read;
-      if (hci_packet_bytes_remaining_ == 0) {
-        hci_packet_ready_cb_();
-        hci_parser_state_ = HCI_IDLE;
+      bytes_remaining_ -= bytes_read;
+      bytes_read_ += bytes_read;
+      if (bytes_remaining_ == 0) {
+        packet_ready_cb_();
+        state_ = HCI_PREAMBLE;
+        bytes_read_ = 0;
       }
       break;
     }
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.h b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.h
index e9c01dc..90579bd 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.h
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_packetizer.h
@@ -32,20 +32,19 @@
 
 class HciPacketizer {
  public:
-  HciPacketizer(HciPacketReadyCallback packet_cb) : hci_packet_ready_cb_(packet_cb) {};
-  void OnDataReady(int fd);
+  HciPacketizer(HciPacketReadyCallback packet_cb)
+      : packet_ready_cb_(packet_cb){};
+  void OnDataReady(int fd, HciPacketType packet_type);
   const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& GetPacket() const;
-  HciPacketType GetPacketType() const;
 
  protected:
-  enum HciParserState { HCI_IDLE, HCI_TYPE_READY, HCI_PAYLOAD };
-  HciParserState hci_parser_state_{HCI_IDLE};
-  HciPacketType hci_packet_type_{HCI_PACKET_TYPE_UNKNOWN};
-  uint8_t hci_packet_preamble_[HCI_PREAMBLE_SIZE_MAX];
-  hidl_vec<uint8_t> hci_packet_;
-  size_t hci_packet_bytes_remaining_;
-  size_t hci_packet_bytes_read_;
-  HciPacketReadyCallback hci_packet_ready_cb_;
+  enum State { HCI_PREAMBLE, HCI_PAYLOAD };
+  State state_{HCI_PREAMBLE};
+  uint8_t preamble_[HCI_PREAMBLE_SIZE_MAX];
+  hidl_vec<uint8_t> packet_;
+  size_t bytes_remaining_{0};
+  size_t bytes_read_{0};
+  HciPacketReadyCallback packet_ready_cb_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace hci
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_protocol.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_protocol.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd709b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_protocol.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#include "hci_protocol.h"
+
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.bluetooth-hci-hci_protocol"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+const size_t preamble_size_for_type[] = {
+    0, HCI_COMMAND_PREAMBLE_SIZE, HCI_ACL_PREAMBLE_SIZE, HCI_SCO_PREAMBLE_SIZE,
+    HCI_EVENT_PREAMBLE_SIZE};
+const size_t packet_length_offset_for_type[] = {
+    0, HCI_LENGTH_OFFSET_CMD, HCI_LENGTH_OFFSET_ACL, HCI_LENGTH_OFFSET_SCO,
+    HCI_LENGTH_OFFSET_EVT};
+
+size_t HciGetPacketLengthForType(HciPacketType type, const uint8_t* preamble) {
+  size_t offset = packet_length_offset_for_type[type];
+  if (type != HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA) return preamble[offset];
+  return (((preamble[offset + 1]) << 8) | preamble[offset]);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace hci {
+
+size_t HciProtocol::WriteSafely(int fd, const uint8_t* data, size_t length) {
+  size_t transmitted_length = 0;
+  while (length > 0) {
+    ssize_t ret =
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, data + transmitted_length, length));
+
+    if (ret == -1) {
+      if (errno == EAGAIN) continue;
+      ALOGE("%s error writing to UART (%s)", __func__, strerror(errno));
+      break;
+
+    } else if (ret == 0) {
+      // Nothing written :(
+      ALOGE("%s zero bytes written - something went wrong...", __func__);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    transmitted_length += ret;
+    length -= ret;
+  }
+
+  return transmitted_length;
+}
+
+}  // namespace hci
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_protocol.h b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6821107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/hci_protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
+
+#include "bt_vendor_lib.h"
+#include "hci_internals.h"
+#include "hci_packetizer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace hci {
+
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using PacketReadCallback = std::function<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)>;
+
+// Implementation of HCI protocol bits common to different transports
+class HciProtocol {
+ public:
+  HciProtocol() = default;
+  virtual ~HciProtocol(){};
+
+  // Protocol-specific implementation of sending packets.
+  virtual size_t Send(uint8_t type, const uint8_t* data, size_t length) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  static size_t WriteSafely(int fd, const uint8_t* data, size_t length);
+};
+
+}  // namespace hci
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/mct_protocol.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/mct_protocol.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..813cebd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/mct_protocol.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#include "mct_protocol.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.bluetooth-hci-mct"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace hci {
+
+MctProtocol::MctProtocol(int* fds, PacketReadCallback event_cb,
+                         PacketReadCallback acl_cb)
+    : event_cb_(event_cb),
+      acl_cb_(acl_cb),
+      event_packetizer_([this]() { OnEventPacketReady(); }),
+      acl_packetizer_([this]() { OnAclDataPacketReady(); }) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < CH_MAX; i++) {
+    uart_fds_[i] = fds[i];
+  }
+}
+
+size_t MctProtocol::Send(uint8_t type, const uint8_t* data, size_t length) {
+  if (type == HCI_PACKET_TYPE_COMMAND)
+    return WriteSafely(uart_fds_[CH_CMD], data, length);
+  if (type == HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA)
+    return WriteSafely(uart_fds_[CH_ACL_OUT], data, length);
+  CHECK(type == HCI_PACKET_TYPE_COMMAND || type == HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void MctProtocol::OnEventPacketReady() {
+  event_cb_(event_packetizer_.GetPacket());
+}
+
+void MctProtocol::OnAclDataPacketReady() {
+  acl_cb_(acl_packetizer_.GetPacket());
+}
+
+void MctProtocol::OnEventDataReady(int fd) {
+  event_packetizer_.OnDataReady(fd, HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT);
+}
+
+void MctProtocol::OnAclDataReady(int fd) {
+  acl_packetizer_.OnDataReady(fd, HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA);
+}
+
+}  // namespace hci
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/mct_protocol.h b/bluetooth/1.0/default/mct_protocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6991746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/mct_protocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
+
+#include "async_fd_watcher.h"
+#include "bt_vendor_lib.h"
+#include "hci_internals.h"
+#include "hci_protocol.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace hci {
+
+class MctProtocol : public HciProtocol {
+ public:
+  MctProtocol(int* fds, PacketReadCallback event_cb, PacketReadCallback acl_cb);
+
+  size_t Send(uint8_t type, const uint8_t* data, size_t length);
+
+  void OnEventPacketReady();
+  void OnAclDataPacketReady();
+
+  void OnEventDataReady(int fd);
+  void OnAclDataReady(int fd);
+
+ private:
+  int uart_fds_[CH_MAX];
+
+  PacketReadCallback event_cb_;
+  PacketReadCallback acl_cb_;
+
+  hci::HciPacketizer event_packetizer_;
+  hci::HciPacketizer acl_packetizer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace hci
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/async_fd_watcher_unittest.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/async_fd_watcher_unittest.cc
index a7f5bda..b0c533c 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/async_fd_watcher_unittest.cc
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/async_fd_watcher_unittest.cc
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+#define LOG_TAG "async_fd_watcher_unittest"
+
 #include "async_fd_watcher.h"
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -122,8 +124,8 @@
   }
 
   void CleanUpServer() {
-    async_fd_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
-    conn_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
+    async_fd_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+    conn_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
     close(socket_fd_);
   }
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@
   });
 
   ConnectClient();
-  conn_watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
+  conn_watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
   close(socket_fd);
 }
 
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(timed_out);
   sleep(1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(timed_out);
-  conn_watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
+  conn_watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
   close(socket_fd);
 }
 
@@ -265,10 +267,64 @@
   sleep(1);
   EXPECT_TRUE(timed_out);
   EXPECT_TRUE(timed_out2);
-  conn_watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
+  conn_watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
   close(socket_fd);
 }
 
+// Use a single AsyncFdWatcher to watch two file descriptors.
+TEST_F(AsyncFdWatcherSocketTest, WatchTwoFileDescriptors) {
+  int sockfd[2];
+  socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockfd);
+  bool cb1_called = false;
+  bool* cb1_called_ptr = &cb1_called;
+  bool cb2_called = false;
+  bool* cb2_called_ptr = &cb2_called;
+
+  AsyncFdWatcher watcher;
+  watcher.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(sockfd[0], [cb1_called_ptr](int fd) {
+    char read_buf[1] = {0};
+    int n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(n == sizeof(read_buf));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(read_buf[0] == '1');
+    *cb1_called_ptr = true;
+  });
+
+  watcher.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(sockfd[1], [cb2_called_ptr](int fd) {
+    char read_buf[1] = {0};
+    int n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, read_buf, sizeof(read_buf)));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(n == sizeof(read_buf));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(read_buf[0] == '2');
+    *cb2_called_ptr = true;
+  });
+
+  // Fail if the test doesn't pass within 3 seconds
+  watcher.ConfigureTimeout(std::chrono::seconds(3), [this]() {
+    bool connection_timeout = true;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(connection_timeout);
+  });
+
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cb1_called);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cb2_called);
+
+  char one_buf[1] = {'1'};
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(sockfd[1], one_buf, sizeof(one_buf)));
+
+  sleep(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cb1_called);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(cb2_called);
+
+  char two_buf[1] = {'2'};
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(sockfd[0], two_buf, sizeof(two_buf)));
+
+  sleep(1);
+
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cb1_called);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(cb2_called);
+
+  watcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+}
+
 // Use two AsyncFdWatchers to set up a server socket.
 TEST_F(AsyncFdWatcherSocketTest, ClientServer) {
   ConfigureServer();
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/h4_protocol_unittest.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/h4_protocol_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d53aaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/h4_protocol_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#define LOG_TAG "bt_h4_unittest"
+
+#include "h4_protocol.h"
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using hci::H4Protocol;
+
+static char sample_data1[100] = "A point is that which has no part.";
+static char sample_data2[100] = "A line is breadthless length.";
+static char sample_data3[100] = "The ends of a line are points.";
+static char acl_data[100] =
+    "A straight line is a line which lies evenly with the points on itself.";
+static char sco_data[100] =
+    "A surface is that which has length and breadth only.";
+static char event_data[100] = "The edges of a surface are lines.";
+
+MATCHER_P3(HidlVecMatches, preamble, preamble_length, payload, "") {
+  size_t length = strlen(payload) + preamble_length;
+  if (length != arg.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (memcmp(preamble, arg.data(), preamble_length) != 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return memcmp(payload, arg.data() + preamble_length,
+                length - preamble_length) == 0;
+};
+
+ACTION_P2(Notify, mutex, condition) {
+  ALOGD("%s", __func__);
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*mutex);
+  condition->notify_one();
+}
+
+class H4ProtocolTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ALOGD("%s", __func__);
+
+    int sockfd[2];
+    socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockfd);
+    H4Protocol* h4_hci =
+        new H4Protocol(sockfd[0], event_cb_.AsStdFunction(),
+                       acl_cb_.AsStdFunction(), sco_cb_.AsStdFunction());
+    fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(
+        sockfd[0], [h4_hci](int fd) { h4_hci->OnDataReady(fd); });
+    protocol_ = h4_hci;
+
+    fake_uart_ = sockfd[1];
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override { fd_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptors(); }
+
+  void SendAndReadUartOutbound(uint8_t type, char* data) {
+    ALOGD("%s sending", __func__);
+    int data_length = strlen(data);
+    protocol_->Send(type, (uint8_t*)data, data_length);
+
+    int uart_length = data_length + 1;  // + 1 for data type code
+    int i;
+
+    ALOGD("%s reading", __func__);
+    for (i = 0; i < uart_length; i++) {
+      fd_set read_fds;
+      FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
+      FD_SET(fake_uart_, &read_fds);
+      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(select(fake_uart_ + 1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL));
+
+      char byte;
+      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fake_uart_, &byte, 1));
+
+      EXPECT_EQ(i == 0 ? type : data[i - 1], byte);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(i, uart_length);
+  }
+
+  void WriteAndExpectInboundAclData(char* payload) {
+    // h4 type[1] + handle[2] + size[2]
+    char preamble[5] = {HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA, 19, 92, 0, 0};
+    int length = strlen(payload);
+    preamble[3] = length & 0xFF;
+    preamble[4] = (length >> 8) & 0xFF;
+
+    ALOGD("%s writing", __func__);
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_, preamble, sizeof(preamble)));
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_, payload, strlen(payload)));
+
+    ALOGD("%s waiting", __func__);
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable done;
+    EXPECT_CALL(acl_cb_, Call(HidlVecMatches(preamble + 1, sizeof(preamble) - 1,
+                                             payload)))
+        .WillOnce(Notify(&mutex, &done));
+
+    // Fail if it takes longer than 100 ms.
+    auto timeout_time =
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+      done.wait_until(lock, timeout_time);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void WriteAndExpectInboundScoData(char* payload) {
+    // h4 type[1] + handle[2] + size[1]
+    char preamble[4] = {HCI_PACKET_TYPE_SCO_DATA, 20, 17, 0};
+    preamble[3] = strlen(payload) & 0xFF;
+
+    ALOGD("%s writing", __func__);
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_, preamble, sizeof(preamble)));
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_, payload, strlen(payload)));
+
+    ALOGD("%s waiting", __func__);
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable done;
+    EXPECT_CALL(sco_cb_, Call(HidlVecMatches(preamble + 1, sizeof(preamble) - 1,
+                                             payload)))
+        .WillOnce(Notify(&mutex, &done));
+
+    // Fail if it takes longer than 100 ms.
+    auto timeout_time =
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+      done.wait_until(lock, timeout_time);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void WriteAndExpectInboundEvent(char* payload) {
+    // h4 type[1] + event_code[1] + size[1]
+    char preamble[3] = {HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT, 9, 0};
+    preamble[2] = strlen(payload) & 0xFF;
+    ALOGD("%s writing", __func__);
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_, preamble, sizeof(preamble)));
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_, payload, strlen(payload)));
+
+    ALOGD("%s waiting", __func__);
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable done;
+    EXPECT_CALL(event_cb_, Call(HidlVecMatches(preamble + 1,
+                                               sizeof(preamble) - 1, payload)))
+        .WillOnce(Notify(&mutex, &done));
+
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+      done.wait(lock);
+    }
+  }
+
+  testing::MockFunction<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)> event_cb_;
+  testing::MockFunction<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)> acl_cb_;
+  testing::MockFunction<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)> sco_cb_;
+  async::AsyncFdWatcher fd_watcher_;
+  H4Protocol* protocol_;
+  int fake_uart_;
+};
+
+// Test sending data sends correct data onto the UART
+TEST_F(H4ProtocolTest, TestSends) {
+  SendAndReadUartOutbound(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_COMMAND, sample_data1);
+  SendAndReadUartOutbound(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA, sample_data2);
+  SendAndReadUartOutbound(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_SCO_DATA, sample_data3);
+}
+
+// Ensure we properly parse data coming from the UART
+TEST_F(H4ProtocolTest, TestReads) {
+  WriteAndExpectInboundAclData(acl_data);
+  WriteAndExpectInboundScoData(sco_data);
+  WriteAndExpectInboundEvent(event_data);
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_0
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/mct_protocol_unittest.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/mct_protocol_unittest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5751a5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/test/mct_protocol_unittest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#define LOG_TAG "bt_h4_unittest"
+
+#include "mct_protocol.h"
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace bluetooth {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using hci::MctProtocol;
+
+static char sample_data1[100] = "A point is that which has no part.";
+static char sample_data2[100] = "A line is breadthless length.";
+static char sample_data3[100] = "The ends of a line are points.";
+static char acl_data[100] =
+    "A straight line is a line which lies evenly with the points on itself.";
+static char sco_data[100] =
+    "A surface is that which has length and breadth only.";
+static char event_data[100] = "The edges of a surface are lines.";
+
+MATCHER_P3(HidlVecMatches, preamble, preamble_length, payload, "") {
+  size_t length = strlen(payload) + preamble_length;
+  if (length != arg.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (memcmp(preamble, arg.data(), preamble_length) != 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return memcmp(payload, arg.data() + preamble_length,
+                length - preamble_length) == 0;
+};
+
+ACTION_P2(Notify, mutex, condition) {
+  ALOGD("%s", __func__);
+  std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*mutex);
+  condition->notify_one();
+}
+
+class MctProtocolTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ALOGD("%s", __func__);
+
+    int mct_fds[CH_MAX];
+    MakeFakeUartFd(CH_CMD, mct_fds, fake_uart_);
+    MakeFakeUartFd(CH_EVT, mct_fds, fake_uart_);
+    MakeFakeUartFd(CH_ACL_IN, mct_fds, fake_uart_);
+    MakeFakeUartFd(CH_ACL_OUT, mct_fds, fake_uart_);
+
+    MctProtocol* mct_hci = new MctProtocol(mct_fds, event_cb_.AsStdFunction(),
+                                           acl_cb_.AsStdFunction());
+    fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(
+        mct_fds[CH_EVT], [mct_hci](int fd) { mct_hci->OnEventDataReady(fd); });
+    fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(
+        mct_fds[CH_ACL_IN], [mct_hci](int fd) { mct_hci->OnAclDataReady(fd); });
+    protocol_ = mct_hci;
+  }
+
+  void MakeFakeUartFd(int index, int* host_side, int* controller_side) {
+    int sockfd[2];
+    socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sockfd);
+    host_side[index] = sockfd[0];
+    controller_side[index] = sockfd[1];
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() override { fd_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptors(); }
+
+  void SendAndReadUartOutbound(uint8_t type, char* data, int outbound_fd) {
+    ALOGD("%s sending", __func__);
+    int data_length = strlen(data);
+    protocol_->Send(type, (uint8_t*)data, data_length);
+
+    ALOGD("%s reading", __func__);
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < data_length; i++) {
+      fd_set read_fds;
+      FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
+      FD_SET(outbound_fd, &read_fds);
+      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(select(outbound_fd + 1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL));
+
+      char byte;
+      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(outbound_fd, &byte, 1));
+
+      EXPECT_EQ(data[i], byte);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(i, data_length);
+  }
+
+  void WriteAndExpectInboundAclData(char* payload) {
+    // handle[2] + size[2]
+    char preamble[4] = {19, 92, 0, 0};
+    int length = strlen(payload);
+    preamble[2] = length & 0xFF;
+    preamble[3] = (length >> 8) & 0xFF;
+
+    ALOGD("%s writing", __func__);
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        write(fake_uart_[CH_ACL_IN], preamble, sizeof(preamble)));
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_[CH_ACL_IN], payload, strlen(payload)));
+
+    ALOGD("%s waiting", __func__);
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable done;
+    EXPECT_CALL(acl_cb_,
+                Call(HidlVecMatches(preamble, sizeof(preamble), payload)))
+        .WillOnce(Notify(&mutex, &done));
+
+    // Fail if it takes longer than 100 ms.
+    auto timeout_time =
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+      done.wait_until(lock, timeout_time);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void WriteAndExpectInboundEvent(char* payload) {
+    // event_code[1] + size[1]
+    char preamble[2] = {9, 0};
+    preamble[1] = strlen(payload) & 0xFF;
+
+    ALOGD("%s writing", __func__);
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_[CH_EVT], preamble, sizeof(preamble)));
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fake_uart_[CH_EVT], payload, strlen(payload)));
+
+    ALOGD("%s waiting", __func__);
+    std::mutex mutex;
+    std::condition_variable done;
+    EXPECT_CALL(event_cb_,
+                Call(HidlVecMatches(preamble, sizeof(preamble), payload)))
+        .WillOnce(Notify(&mutex, &done));
+
+    // Fail if it takes longer than 100 ms.
+    auto timeout_time =
+        std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(100);
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+      done.wait_until(lock, timeout_time);
+    }
+  }
+
+  testing::MockFunction<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)> event_cb_;
+  testing::MockFunction<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)> acl_cb_;
+  async::AsyncFdWatcher fd_watcher_;
+  MctProtocol* protocol_;
+  int fake_uart_[CH_MAX];
+};
+
+// Test sending data sends correct data onto the UART
+TEST_F(MctProtocolTest, TestSends) {
+  SendAndReadUartOutbound(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_COMMAND, sample_data1,
+                          fake_uart_[CH_CMD]);
+  SendAndReadUartOutbound(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_ACL_DATA, sample_data2,
+                          fake_uart_[CH_ACL_OUT]);
+}
+
+// Ensure we properly parse data coming from the UART
+TEST_F(MctProtocolTest, TestReads) {
+  WriteAndExpectInboundAclData(acl_data);
+  WriteAndExpectInboundEvent(event_data);
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_0
+}  // namespace bluetooth
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.cc b/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.cc
index 3878129..6d3b56f 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.cc
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.cc
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #include "bluetooth_address.h"
+#include "h4_protocol.h"
+#include "mct_protocol.h"
 
 static const char* VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME = "libbt-vendor.so";
 static const char* VENDOR_LIBRARY_SYMBOL_NAME =
@@ -64,30 +66,6 @@
   return packet;
 }
 
-size_t write_safely(int fd, const uint8_t* data, size_t length) {
-  size_t transmitted_length = 0;
-  while (length > 0) {
-    ssize_t ret =
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, data + transmitted_length, length));
-
-    if (ret == -1) {
-      if (errno == EAGAIN) continue;
-      ALOGE("%s error writing to UART (%s)", __func__, strerror(errno));
-      break;
-
-    } else if (ret == 0) {
-      // Nothing written :(
-      ALOGE("%s zero bytes written - something went wrong...", __func__);
-      break;
-    }
-
-    transmitted_length += ret;
-    length -= ret;
-  }
-
-  return transmitted_length;
-}
-
 bool internal_command_event_match(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& packet) {
   uint8_t event_code = packet[0];
   if (event_code != HCI_COMMAND_COMPLETE_EVENT) {
@@ -185,10 +163,12 @@
 
 bool VendorInterface::Initialize(
     InitializeCompleteCallback initialize_complete_cb,
-    PacketReadCallback packet_read_cb) {
+    PacketReadCallback event_cb, PacketReadCallback acl_cb,
+    PacketReadCallback sco_cb) {
   assert(!g_vendor_interface);
   g_vendor_interface = new VendorInterface();
-  return g_vendor_interface->Open(initialize_complete_cb, packet_read_cb);
+  return g_vendor_interface->Open(initialize_complete_cb, event_cb, acl_cb,
+                                  sco_cb);
 }
 
 void VendorInterface::Shutdown() {
@@ -201,9 +181,10 @@
 VendorInterface* VendorInterface::get() { return g_vendor_interface; }
 
 bool VendorInterface::Open(InitializeCompleteCallback initialize_complete_cb,
-                           PacketReadCallback packet_read_cb) {
+                           PacketReadCallback event_cb,
+                           PacketReadCallback acl_cb,
+                           PacketReadCallback sco_cb) {
   initialize_complete_cb_ = initialize_complete_cb;
-  packet_read_cb_ = packet_read_cb;
 
   // Initialize vendor interface
 
@@ -241,28 +222,41 @@
   power_state = BT_VND_PWR_ON;
   lib_interface_->op(BT_VND_OP_POWER_CTRL, &power_state);
 
-  // Get the UART socket
+  // Get the UART socket(s)
 
   int fd_list[CH_MAX] = {0};
   int fd_count = lib_interface_->op(BT_VND_OP_USERIAL_OPEN, &fd_list);
 
-  if (fd_count != 1) {
-    ALOGE("%s fd count %d != 1; we can't handle this currently...", __func__,
-          fd_count);
-    return false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < fd_count; i++) {
+    if (fd_list[i] == INVALID_FD) {
+      ALOGE("%s: fd %d is invalid!", __func__, fd_list[i]);
+      return false;
+    }
   }
 
-  uart_fd_ = fd_list[0];
-  if (uart_fd_ == INVALID_FD) {
-    ALOGE("%s unable to determine UART fd", __func__);
-    return false;
+  event_cb_ = event_cb;
+  PacketReadCallback intercept_events = [this](const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& event) {
+    HandleIncomingEvent(event);
+  };
+
+  if (fd_count == 1) {
+    hci::H4Protocol* h4_hci =
+        new hci::H4Protocol(fd_list[0], intercept_events, acl_cb, sco_cb);
+    fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(
+        fd_list[0], [h4_hci](int fd) { h4_hci->OnDataReady(fd); });
+    hci_ = h4_hci;
+  } else {
+    hci::MctProtocol* mct_hci =
+        new hci::MctProtocol(fd_list, intercept_events, acl_cb);
+    fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(
+        fd_list[CH_EVT], [mct_hci](int fd) { mct_hci->OnEventDataReady(fd); });
+    if (fd_count >= CH_ACL_IN)
+      fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(
+          fd_list[CH_ACL_IN],
+          [mct_hci](int fd) { mct_hci->OnAclDataReady(fd); });
+    hci_ = mct_hci;
   }
 
-  ALOGI("%s UART fd: %d", __func__, uart_fd_);
-
-  fd_watcher_.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(uart_fd_,
-                                         [this](int fd) { hci_packetizer_.OnDataReady(fd); });
-
   // Initially, the power management is off.
   lpm_wake_deasserted = true;
 
@@ -274,14 +268,18 @@
 }
 
 void VendorInterface::Close() {
-  fd_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptor();
+  fd_watcher_.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+
+  if (hci_ != nullptr) {
+    delete hci_;
+    hci_ = nullptr;
+  }
 
   if (lib_interface_ != nullptr) {
     bt_vendor_lpm_mode_t mode = BT_VND_LPM_DISABLE;
     lib_interface_->op(BT_VND_OP_LPM_SET_MODE, &mode);
 
     lib_interface_->op(BT_VND_OP_USERIAL_CLOSE, nullptr);
-    uart_fd_ = INVALID_FD;
     int power_state = BT_VND_PWR_OFF;
     lib_interface_->op(BT_VND_OP_POWER_CTRL, &power_state);
   }
@@ -298,8 +296,6 @@
 }
 
 size_t VendorInterface::Send(uint8_t type, const uint8_t* data, size_t length) {
-  if (uart_fd_ == INVALID_FD) return 0;
-
   recent_activity_flag = true;
 
   if (lpm_wake_deasserted == true) {
@@ -313,11 +309,7 @@
     ALOGV("%s: Sent wake before (%02x)", __func__, data[0] | (data[1] << 8));
   }
 
-  int rv = write_safely(uart_fd_, &type, sizeof(type));
-  if (rv == sizeof(type))
-    rv = write_safely(uart_fd_, data, length);
-
-  return rv;
+  return hci_->Send(type, data, length);
 }
 
 void VendorInterface::OnFirmwareConfigured(uint8_t result) {
@@ -357,26 +349,18 @@
   recent_activity_flag = false;
 }
 
-void VendorInterface::OnPacketReady() {
-  VendorInterface::get()->HandleIncomingPacket();
-}
+void VendorInterface::HandleIncomingEvent(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& hci_packet) {
+  if (internal_command.cb != nullptr &&
+      internal_command_event_match(hci_packet)) {
+    HC_BT_HDR* bt_hdr = WrapPacketAndCopy(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT, hci_packet);
 
-void VendorInterface::HandleIncomingPacket() {
-  HciPacketType hci_packet_type = hci_packetizer_.GetPacketType();
-  hidl_vec<uint8_t> hci_packet = hci_packetizer_.GetPacket();
-        if (internal_command.cb != nullptr &&
-            hci_packet_type == HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT &&
-            internal_command_event_match(hci_packet)) {
-          HC_BT_HDR* bt_hdr =
-              WrapPacketAndCopy(HCI_PACKET_TYPE_EVENT, hci_packet);
-
-          // The callbacks can send new commands, so don't zero after calling.
-          tINT_CMD_CBACK saved_cb = internal_command.cb;
-          internal_command.cb = nullptr;
-          saved_cb(bt_hdr);
-        } else {
-          packet_read_cb_(hci_packet_type, hci_packet);
-        }
+    // The callbacks can send new commands, so don't zero after calling.
+    tINT_CMD_CBACK saved_cb = internal_command.cb;
+    internal_command.cb = nullptr;
+    saved_cb(bt_hdr);
+  } else {
+    event_cb_(hci_packet);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace implementation
diff --git a/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.h b/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.h
index 8115640..a401ee6 100644
--- a/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.h
+++ b/bluetooth/1.0/default/vendor_interface.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include "async_fd_watcher.h"
 #include "bt_vendor_lib.h"
-#include "hci_packetizer.h"
+#include "hci_protocol.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -30,15 +30,15 @@
 
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
 using InitializeCompleteCallback = std::function<void(bool success)>;
-using PacketReadCallback =
-    std::function<void(HciPacketType, const hidl_vec<uint8_t> &)>;
+using PacketReadCallback = std::function<void(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&)>;
 
 class FirmwareStartupTimer;
 
 class VendorInterface {
  public:
   static bool Initialize(InitializeCompleteCallback initialize_complete_cb,
-                         PacketReadCallback packet_read_cb);
+                         PacketReadCallback event_cb, PacketReadCallback acl_cb,
+                         PacketReadCallback sco_cb);
   static void Shutdown();
   static VendorInterface *get();
 
@@ -46,27 +46,25 @@
 
   void OnFirmwareConfigured(uint8_t result);
 
-  static void OnPacketReady();
-
  private:
   virtual ~VendorInterface() = default;
 
   bool Open(InitializeCompleteCallback initialize_complete_cb,
-            PacketReadCallback packet_read_cb);
+            PacketReadCallback event_cb, PacketReadCallback acl_cb,
+            PacketReadCallback sco_cb);
   void Close();
 
   void OnTimeout();
 
-  void HandleIncomingPacket();
+  void HandleIncomingEvent(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& hci_packet);
 
   void *lib_handle_;
   bt_vendor_interface_t *lib_interface_;
   async::AsyncFdWatcher fd_watcher_;
-  int uart_fd_;
-  PacketReadCallback packet_read_cb_;
   InitializeCompleteCallback initialize_complete_cb_;
+  hci::HciProtocol* hci_;
 
-  hci::HciPacketizer hci_packetizer_ {VendorInterface::OnPacketReady};
+  PacketReadCallback event_cb_;
 
   FirmwareStartupTimer *firmware_startup_timer_;
 };
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBroadcastradioV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBroadcastradioV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 4268ddd..5106e51 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBroadcastradioV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBroadcastradioV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::Result;
 using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::Class;
 using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::Properties;
+using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::Band;
 using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::BandConfig;
 using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::Direction;
 using ::android::hardware::broadcastradio::V1_0::ProgramInfo;
@@ -83,15 +84,15 @@
             return Void();
         }
 
-        virtual Return<void> configChange(Result result, const BandConfig& config __unused) {
+        virtual Return<void> configChange(Result result, const BandConfig& config) {
             ALOGI("%s result %d", __FUNCTION__, result);
-            mParentTest->onResultCallback(result);
+            mParentTest->onConfigChangeCallback(result, config);
             return Void();
         }
 
-        virtual Return<void> tuneComplete(Result result, const ProgramInfo& info __unused) {
+        virtual Return<void> tuneComplete(Result result, const ProgramInfo& info) {
             ALOGI("%s result %d", __FUNCTION__, result);
-            mParentTest->onResultCallback(result);
+            mParentTest->onTuneCompleteCallback(result, info);
             return Void();
         }
 
@@ -146,11 +147,22 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Method called by MyCallback when a callback with status is received
+     * Method called by MyCallback when configChange() callback is received.
      */
-    void onResultCallback(Result result) {
+    void onConfigChangeCallback(Result result, const BandConfig& config) {
         Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
         mResultCallbackData = result;
+        mBandConfigCallbackData = config;
+        onCallback_l();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Method called by MyCallback when tuneComplete() callback is received.
+     */
+    void onTuneCompleteCallback(Result result, const ProgramInfo& info) {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        mResultCallbackData = result;
+        mProgramInfoCallbackData = info;
         onCallback_l();
     }
 
@@ -209,6 +221,8 @@
     bool mCallbackCalled;
     bool mBoolCallbackData;
     Result mResultCallbackData;
+    ProgramInfo mProgramInfoCallbackData;
+    BandConfig mBandConfigCallbackData;
     bool mHwFailure;
 };
 
@@ -219,6 +233,35 @@
     virtual void TearDown() {}
 };
 
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace broadcastradio {
+namespace V1_0 {
+
+/**
+ * Compares two BandConfig objects for testing purposes.
+ */
+static bool operator==(const BandConfig& l, const BandConfig& r) {
+    if (l.type != r.type) return false;
+    if (l.antennaConnected != r.antennaConnected) return false;
+    if (l.lowerLimit != r.lowerLimit) return false;
+    if (l.upperLimit != r.upperLimit) return false;
+    if (l.spacings != r.spacings) return false;
+    if (l.type == Band::AM || l.type == Band::AM_HD) {
+        return l.ext.am == r.ext.am;
+    } else if (l.type == Band::FM || l.type == Band::FM_HD) {
+        return l.ext.fm == r.ext.fm;
+    } else {
+        // unsupported type
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+}  // V1_0
+}  // broadcastradio
+}  // hardware
+}  // android
+
 bool BroadcastRadioHidlTest::getProperties()
 {
     if (mHalProperties.bands.size() == 0) {
@@ -351,11 +394,12 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(true, openTuner());
     // test setConfiguration
     mCallbackCalled = false;
-    Return<Result> hidlResult = mTuner->setConfiguration(mHalProperties.bands[0]);
+    Return<Result> hidlResult = mTuner->setConfiguration(mHalProperties.bands[1]);
     EXPECT_TRUE(hidlResult.isOk());
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, hidlResult);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, waitForCallback(kConfigCallbacktimeoutNs));
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, mResultCallbackData);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mHalProperties.bands[1], mBandConfigCallbackData);
 
     // test getConfiguration
     BandConfig halConfig;
@@ -369,7 +413,7 @@
             });
     EXPECT_TRUE(hidlReturn.isOk());
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, halResult);
-    EXPECT_EQ(mHalProperties.bands[0].type, halConfig.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mHalProperties.bands[1], halConfig);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -453,6 +497,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(hidlResult.isOk());
     EXPECT_EQ(Result::OK, hidlResult);
     EXPECT_EQ(true, waitForCallback(kTuneCallbacktimeoutNs));
+    EXPECT_EQ(channel, mProgramInfoCallbackData.channel);
 
     // test getProgramInformation
     ProgramInfo halInfo;
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.1/ITuner.hal b/broadcastradio/1.1/ITuner.hal
index 72b2847..4f34019 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.1/ITuner.hal
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.1/ITuner.hal
@@ -19,11 +19,32 @@
 import @1.0::ITuner;
 
 interface ITuner extends @1.0::ITuner {
-    /*
+
+    /**
      * Retrieve current station information.
      * @return result OK if scan successfully started
      *                NOT_INITIALIZED if another error occurs
      * @return info Current program information.
      */
     getProgramInformation_1_1() generates(Result result, ProgramInfo info);
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieve station list.
+     *
+     * This call does not trigger actual scan, but operates on the list cached
+     * internally at the driver level.
+     *
+     * @param filter vendor-specific filter for the stations to be retrieved.
+     *               An empty string MUST result in full list.
+     *               Client application MUST verify vendor/product name
+     *               before setting this parameter to anything else.
+     * @return result OK if the list was successfully retrieved.
+     *                NOT_READY if the scan is in progress.
+     *                NOT_STARTED if the scan has not been started.
+     *                NOT_INITIALIZED if any other error occurs.
+     * @return programList List of stations available for user.
+     */
+    getProgramList(string filter)
+            generates(ProgramListResult result, vec<ProgramInfo> programList);
+
 };
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.cpp b/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.cpp
index 6258569..b4eb184 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.cpp
@@ -200,6 +200,13 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
+Return<void> Tuner::getProgramList(const hidl_string& filter __unused, getProgramList_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    hidl_vec<ProgramInfo> pList;
+    // TODO(b/34054813): do the actual implementation.
+    _hidl_cb(ProgramListResult::NOT_INITIALIZED, pList);
+    return Void();
+}
+
 } // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V1_1
 }  // namespace broadcastradio
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.h b/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.h
index 1f3dc7f..fcf053a 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.h
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.1/default/Tuner.h
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
     Return<Result> cancel() override;
     Return<void> getProgramInformation(getProgramInformation_cb _hidl_cb) override;
     Return<void> getProgramInformation_1_1(getProgramInformation_1_1_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getProgramList(const hidl_string& filter, getProgramList_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
     static void callback(radio_hal_event_t *halEvent, void *cookie);
     void onCallback(radio_hal_event_t *halEvent);
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.1/types.hal b/broadcastradio/1.1/types.hal
index 38f4b39..3b212eb 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.1/types.hal
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.1/types.hal
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@
 
 typedef @1.0::Result Result;
 
+enum ProgramListResult : Result {
+    NOT_READY,
+    NOT_STARTED,
+    TEMPORARILY_UNAVAILABLE,
+};
+
 enum DigitalStatus : int32_t {
     INVALID     = -1,
     UNAVAILABLE = 1,  // current program is analog-only
diff --git a/camera/device/3.2/types.hal b/camera/device/3.2/types.hal
index c07a670..fe1edbf 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.2/types.hal
+++ b/camera/device/3.2/types.hal
@@ -161,8 +161,21 @@
      * CONSTRAINED_HIGH_SPEED_VIDEO in the android.request.availableCapabilities
      * static metadata.
      */
-    CONSTRAINED_HIGH_SPEED_MODE = 1
+    CONSTRAINED_HIGH_SPEED_MODE = 1,
 
+    /**
+     * A set of vendor-defined operating modes, for custom default camera
+     * application features that can't be implemented in the fully flexible fashion
+     * required for NORMAL_MODE.
+     */
+    VENDOR_MODE_0 = 0x8000,
+    VENDOR_MODE_1,
+    VENDOR_MODE_2,
+    VENDOR_MODE_3,
+    VENDOR_MODE_4,
+    VENDOR_MODE_5,
+    VENDOR_MODE_6,
+    VENDOR_MODE_7
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/drm/1.0/IDrmPlugin.hal b/drm/1.0/IDrmPlugin.hal
index 5bae22d..083b311 100644
--- a/drm/1.0/IDrmPlugin.hal
+++ b/drm/1.0/IDrmPlugin.hal
@@ -179,8 +179,9 @@
      * certificate authority (CA) is an entity which issues digital certificates
      * for use by other parties. It is an example of a trusted third party.
      * @return status the status of the call. The status must be OK or one of
-     * the following errors: BAD_VALUE if the sessionId is invalid or
-     * ERROR_DRM_INVALID_STATE if the HAL is in a state where the provision
+     * the following errors: BAD_VALUE if the sessionId is invalid,
+     * ERROR_DRM_CANNOT_HANDLE if the drm scheme does not require provisioning
+     * or ERROR_DRM_INVALID_STATE if the HAL is in a state where the provision
      * request cannot be generated.
      * @return request if successful the opaque certificate request blob
      * is returned
diff --git a/drm/1.0/default/DrmFactory.cpp b/drm/1.0/default/DrmFactory.cpp
index 92f54f1..9ec0ab7 100644
--- a/drm/1.0/default/DrmFactory.cpp
+++ b/drm/1.0/default/DrmFactory.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     }
 
     Return<void> DrmFactory::createPlugin(const hidl_array<uint8_t, 16>& uuid,
-            const hidl_string& appPackageName, createPlugin_cb _hidl_cb) {
+            const hidl_string& /* appPackageName */, createPlugin_cb _hidl_cb) {
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < loader.factoryCount(); i++) {
             if (loader.getFactory(i)->isCryptoSchemeSupported(uuid.data())) {
diff --git a/evs/1.0/Android.bp b/evs/1.0/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 89bac10..0000000
--- a/evs/1.0/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-// This file is autogenerated by hidl-gen. Do not edit manually.
-
-filegroup {
-    name: "android.hardware.evs@1.0_hal",
-    srcs: [
-        "types.hal",
-        "IEvsCamera.hal",
-        "IEvsCameraStream.hal",
-        "IEvsDisplay.hal",
-        "IEvsEnumerator.hal",
-    ],
-}
-
-genrule {
-    name: "android.hardware.evs@1.0_genc++",
-    tools: ["hidl-gen"],
-    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lc++ -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.evs@1.0",
-    srcs: [
-        ":android.hardware.evs@1.0_hal",
-    ],
-    out: [
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/types.cpp",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/EvsCameraAll.cpp",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/EvsCameraStreamAll.cpp",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/EvsDisplayAll.cpp",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/EvsEnumeratorAll.cpp",
-    ],
-}
-
-genrule {
-    name: "android.hardware.evs@1.0_genc++_headers",
-    tools: ["hidl-gen"],
-    cmd: "$(location hidl-gen) -o $(genDir) -Lc++ -randroid.hardware:hardware/interfaces -randroid.hidl:system/libhidl/transport android.hardware.evs@1.0",
-    srcs: [
-        ":android.hardware.evs@1.0_hal",
-    ],
-    out: [
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/types.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IHwEvsCamera.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsCamera.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsCamera.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BsEvsCamera.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsCameraStream.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IHwEvsCameraStream.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsCameraStream.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsCameraStream.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BsEvsCameraStream.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsDisplay.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IHwEvsDisplay.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsDisplay.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsDisplay.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BsEvsDisplay.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsEnumerator.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/IHwEvsEnumerator.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BnHwEvsEnumerator.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BpHwEvsEnumerator.h",
-        "android/hardware/evs/1.0/BsEvsEnumerator.h",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "android.hardware.evs@1.0",
-    generated_sources: ["android.hardware.evs@1.0_genc++"],
-    generated_headers: ["android.hardware.evs@1.0_genc++_headers"],
-    export_generated_headers: ["android.hardware.evs@1.0_genc++_headers"],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "libhidltransport",
-        "libhwbinder",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutils",
-        "libcutils",
-        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
-    ],
-    export_shared_lib_headers: [
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "libhidltransport",
-        "libhwbinder",
-        "libutils",
-        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
-    ],
-}
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.h b/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 02a677c..0000000
--- a/evs/1.0/default/EvsCamera.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERA_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERA_H
-
-#include <android/hardware/evs/1.0/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware/evs/1.0/IEvsCamera.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-
-#include <thread>
-
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace evs {
-namespace V1_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-
-class EvsCamera : public IEvsCamera {
-public:
-    // Methods from ::android::hardware::evs::V1_0::IEvsCamera follow.
-    Return<void> getId(getId_cb id_cb)  override;
-    Return<EvsResult> setMaxFramesInFlight(uint32_t bufferCount)  override;
-    Return<EvsResult> startVideoStream(const ::android::sp<IEvsCameraStream>& stream) override;
-    Return<void> doneWithFrame(const BufferDesc& buffer)  override;
-    Return<void> stopVideoStream()  override;
-    Return<int32_t> getExtendedInfo(uint32_t opaqueIdentifier)  override;
-    Return<EvsResult> setExtendedInfo(uint32_t opaqueIdentifier, int32_t opaqueValue)  override;
-
-    // Implementation details
-    EvsCamera(const char* id);
-    virtual ~EvsCamera() override;
-
-    const CameraDesc& getDesc() { return mDescription; };
-
-    static const char kCameraName_Backup[];
-    static const char kCameraName_RightTurn[];
-
-private:
-    // These three functions are expected to be called while mAccessLock is held
-    bool     setAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned bufferCount);
-    unsigned increaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToAdd);
-    unsigned decreaseAvailableFrames_Locked(unsigned numToRemove);
-
-    void generateFrames();
-    void fillTestFrame(const BufferDesc& buff);
-
-    CameraDesc                  mDescription = {};  // The properties of this camera
-
-    std::thread                 mCaptureThread;     // The thread we'll use to synthesize frames
-
-    uint32_t                    mWidth  = 0;        // Horizontal pixel count in the buffers
-    uint32_t                    mHeight = 0;        // Vertical pixel count in the buffers
-    uint32_t                    mFormat = 0;        // Values from android_pixel_format_t [TODO: YUV?  Leave opaque?]
-    uint32_t                    mUsage  = 0;        // Values from from Gralloc.h
-    uint32_t                    mStride = 0;        // Bytes per line in the buffers
-
-    sp<IEvsCameraStream>        mStream = nullptr;  // The callback used to deliver each frame
-
-    struct BufferRecord {
-        buffer_handle_t     handle;
-        bool                inUse;
-        explicit BufferRecord(buffer_handle_t h) : handle(h), inUse(false) {};
-    };
-    std::vector<BufferRecord>   mBuffers;           // Graphics buffers to transfer images
-    unsigned                    mFramesAllowed;     // How many buffers are we currently using
-    unsigned                    mFramesInUse;       // How many buffers are currently outstanding
-
-    enum StreamStateValues {
-        STOPPED,
-        RUNNING,
-        STOPPING,
-    };
-    StreamStateValues           mStreamState;
-
-    // Syncrhonization necessary to deconflict mCaptureThread from the main service thread
-    std::mutex                  mAccessLock;
-};
-
-} // namespace implementation
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace evs
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_EVS_V1_0_EVSCAMERA_H
diff --git a/evs/1.0/default/android.hardware.evs@1.0-service.rc b/evs/1.0/default/android.hardware.evs@1.0-service.rc
deleted file mode 100644
index bb38668..0000000
--- a/evs/1.0/default/android.hardware.evs@1.0-service.rc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-service evs-hal-1-0 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.evs@1.0-service
-    class hal
-    user cameraserver
-    group camera
diff --git a/evs/Android.bp b/evs/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index ba90f2c..0000000
--- a/evs/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-// This is an autogenerated file, do not edit.
-subdirs = [
-    "1.0",
-    "1.0/default",
-]
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Gralloc.cpp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Gralloc.cpp
index 3a102d1..0b9e863 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Gralloc.cpp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Gralloc.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 
 void GrallocHal::initCapabilities()
 {
-    uint32_t count;
+    uint32_t count = 0;
     mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, nullptr);
 
     std::vector<Capability> caps(count);
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index fdc91ae..c3a16fb 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,25 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libVtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils",
+    srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-O0",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorV2_0TargetTest",
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorV2_0TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -27,8 +46,14 @@
         "libutils",
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils",
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest",
+    ],
     cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
         "-O0",
         "-g",
     ]
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.cpp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..141743b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest.h>
+
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace allocator {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace tests {
+
+Allocator::Allocator() { init(); }
+
+void Allocator::init() {
+  mAllocator = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IAllocator>();
+  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mAllocator.get()) << "failed to get allocator service";
+
+  std::vector<IAllocator::Capability> capabilities = getCapabilities();
+  mCapabilities.insert(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end());
+}
+
+sp<IAllocator> Allocator::getRaw() const { return mAllocator; }
+
+bool Allocator::hasCapability(IAllocator::Capability capability) const {
+  return mCapabilities.count(capability) > 0;
+}
+
+std::vector<IAllocator::Capability> Allocator::getCapabilities() {
+  std::vector<IAllocator::Capability> capabilities;
+  mAllocator->getCapabilities(
+      [&](const auto& tmpCapabilities) { capabilities = tmpCapabilities; });
+
+  return capabilities;
+}
+
+std::string Allocator::dumpDebugInfo() {
+  std::string debugInfo;
+  mAllocator->dumpDebugInfo(
+      [&](const auto& tmpDebugInfo) { debugInfo = tmpDebugInfo.c_str(); });
+
+  return debugInfo;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient> Allocator::createClient() {
+  std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient> client;
+  mAllocator->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create client";
+    client = std::make_unique<AllocatorClient>(tmpClient);
+  });
+
+  return client;
+}
+
+AllocatorClient::AllocatorClient(const sp<IAllocatorClient>& client)
+    : mClient(client) {}
+
+AllocatorClient::~AllocatorClient() {
+  for (auto buffer : mBuffers) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mClient->free(buffer))
+        << "failed to free buffer " << buffer;
+  }
+  mBuffers.clear();
+
+  for (auto descriptor : mDescriptors) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptor))
+        << "failed to destroy descriptor " << descriptor;
+  }
+  mDescriptors.clear();
+}
+
+sp<IAllocatorClient> AllocatorClient::getRaw() const { return mClient; }
+
+BufferDescriptor AllocatorClient::createDescriptor(
+    const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info) {
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor = 0;
+  mClient->createDescriptor(
+      info, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create descriptor";
+        descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mDescriptors.insert(descriptor).second)
+            << "duplicated descriptor id " << descriptor;
+      });
+
+  return descriptor;
+}
+
+void AllocatorClient::destroyDescriptor(BufferDescriptor descriptor) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, mClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptor))
+      << "failed to destroy descriptor " << descriptor;
+
+  mDescriptors.erase(descriptor);
+}
+
+Error AllocatorClient::testAllocate(
+    const std::vector<BufferDescriptor>& descriptors) {
+  return mClient->testAllocate(descriptors);
+}
+
+bool AllocatorClient::testAllocate(BufferDescriptor descriptor) {
+  std::vector<BufferDescriptor> descriptors(1, descriptor);
+  Error error = testAllocate(descriptors);
+  return (error == Error::NONE || error == Error::NOT_SHARED);
+}
+
+Error AllocatorClient::allocate(
+    const std::vector<BufferDescriptor>& descriptors,
+    std::vector<Buffer>& buffers) {
+  Error error = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+  mClient->allocate(descriptors, [&](const auto& tmpError,
+                                     const auto& tmpBuffers) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tmpError == Error::NONE || tmpError == Error::NOT_SHARED)
+        << "failed to allocate buffer";
+    ASSERT_EQ(descriptors.size(), tmpBuffers.size()) << "invalid buffer count";
+
+    error = tmpError;
+    buffers = tmpBuffers;
+
+    for (auto buffer : buffers) {
+      EXPECT_TRUE(mBuffers.insert(buffer).second)
+          << "duplicated buffer id " << buffer;
+    }
+  });
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+Buffer AllocatorClient::allocate(BufferDescriptor descriptor) {
+  std::vector<BufferDescriptor> descriptors(1, descriptor);
+  std::vector<Buffer> buffers;
+  allocate(descriptors, buffers);
+  if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return buffers[0];
+}
+
+void AllocatorClient::free(Buffer buffer) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, mClient->free(buffer))
+      << "failed to free buffer " << buffer;
+
+  mBuffers.erase(buffer);
+}
+
+native_handle_t* AllocatorClient::exportHandle(BufferDescriptor descriptor,
+                                               Buffer buffer) {
+  native_handle_t* handle;
+  mClient->exportHandle(
+      descriptor, buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpHandle) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to export buffer handle";
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, tmpHandle.getNativeHandle())
+            << "invalid buffer handle";
+
+        handle = native_handle_clone(tmpHandle.getNativeHandle());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle) << "failed to clone handle";
+      });
+
+  return handle;
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace allocator
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9bfe8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_ALLOCATOR_UTILS
+#define VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_ALLOCATOR_UTILS
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/allocator/2.0/IAllocator.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace allocator {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace tests {
+
+class AllocatorClient;
+
+// A wrapper to IAllocator.
+class Allocator {
+ public:
+  Allocator();
+
+  sp<IAllocator> getRaw() const;
+
+  // Returns true when the allocator supports the specified capability.
+  bool hasCapability(IAllocator::Capability capability) const;
+
+  std::vector<IAllocator::Capability> getCapabilities();
+  std::string dumpDebugInfo();
+  std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient> createClient();
+
+ private:
+  void init();
+
+  sp<IAllocator> mAllocator;
+  std::unordered_set<IAllocator::Capability> mCapabilities;
+};
+
+// A wrapper to IAllocatorClient.
+class AllocatorClient {
+ public:
+  AllocatorClient(const sp<IAllocatorClient>& client);
+  ~AllocatorClient();
+
+  sp<IAllocatorClient> getRaw() const;
+
+  BufferDescriptor createDescriptor(
+      const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info);
+  void destroyDescriptor(BufferDescriptor descriptor);
+
+  Error testAllocate(const std::vector<BufferDescriptor>& descriptors);
+  bool testAllocate(BufferDescriptor descriptor);
+
+  Error allocate(const std::vector<BufferDescriptor>& descriptors,
+                 std::vector<Buffer>& buffers);
+  Buffer allocate(BufferDescriptor descriptor);
+  void free(Buffer buffer);
+
+  // Returns a handle to the buffer.  The ownership of the handle is
+  // transferred to the caller.
+  native_handle_t* exportHandle(BufferDescriptor descriptor, Buffer buffer);
+
+ private:
+  sp<IAllocatorClient> mClient;
+
+  // Keep track of all descriptors and buffers.  When a test fails with
+  // ASSERT_*, the destructor will clean up the resources for the test.
+  std::unordered_set<BufferDescriptor> mDescriptors;
+  std::unordered_set<Buffer> mBuffers;
+};
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace allocator
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_ALLOCATOR_UTILS
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorV2_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorV2_0TargetTest.cpp
index a8ced8c..2e3ed73 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorV2_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorV2_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "graphics_allocator_hidl_hal_test"
 
-#include <unordered_set>
-
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/allocator/2.0/IAllocator.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest.h>
 
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace graphics {
@@ -34,55 +33,18 @@
 
 #define CHECK_FEATURE_OR_SKIP(FEATURE_NAME)                 \
   do {                                                      \
-    if (!hasCapability(FEATURE_NAME)) {                     \
+    if (!mAllocator->hasCapability(FEATURE_NAME)) {         \
       std::cout << "[  SKIPPED ] Feature " << #FEATURE_NAME \
                 << " not supported" << std::endl;           \
       return;                                               \
     }                                                       \
   } while (0)
 
-class TempDescriptor {
- public:
-  TempDescriptor(const sp<IAllocatorClient>& client,
-                 const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info)
-      : mClient(client), mError(Error::NO_RESOURCES) {
-    mClient->createDescriptor(
-        info, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
-          mError = tmpError;
-          mDescriptor = tmpDescriptor;
-        });
-  }
-
-  ~TempDescriptor() {
-    if (mError == Error::NONE) {
-      mClient->destroyDescriptor(mDescriptor);
-    }
-  }
-
-  bool isValid() const { return (mError == Error::NONE); }
-
-  operator BufferDescriptor() const { return mDescriptor; }
-
- private:
-  sp<IAllocatorClient> mClient;
-  Error mError;
-  BufferDescriptor mDescriptor;
-};
-
 class GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
-    mAllocator = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IAllocator>();
-    ASSERT_NE(mAllocator, nullptr);
-
-    mAllocator->createClient([this](const auto& error, const auto& client) {
-      if (error == Error::NONE) {
-        mClient = client;
-      }
-    });
-    ASSERT_NE(mClient, nullptr);
-
-    initCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mAllocator = std::make_unique<Allocator>());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mClient = mAllocator->createClient());
 
     mDummyDescriptorInfo.width = 64;
     mDummyDescriptorInfo.height = 64;
@@ -96,66 +58,27 @@
 
   void TearDown() override {}
 
-  /**
-   * Initialize the set of supported capabilities.
-   */
-  void initCapabilities() {
-    mAllocator->getCapabilities([this](const auto& capabilities) {
-      std::vector<IAllocator::Capability> caps = capabilities;
-      mCapabilities.insert(caps.cbegin(), caps.cend());
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Test whether a capability is supported.
-   */
-  bool hasCapability(IAllocator::Capability capability) const {
-    return (mCapabilities.count(capability) > 0);
-  }
-
-  sp<IAllocator> mAllocator;
-  sp<IAllocatorClient> mClient;
+  std::unique_ptr<Allocator> mAllocator;
+  std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient> mClient;
   IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo mDummyDescriptorInfo{};
-
- private:
-  std::unordered_set<IAllocator::Capability> mCapabilities;
 };
 
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, GetCapabilities) {
-  auto ret = mAllocator->getCapabilities([](const auto& capabilities) {
-    std::vector<IAllocator::Capability> caps = capabilities;
-    for (auto cap : caps) {
-      EXPECT_NE(IAllocator::Capability::INVALID, cap);
-    }
-  });
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+  auto capabilities = mAllocator->getCapabilities();
+  for (auto cap : capabilities) {
+    EXPECT_NE(IAllocator::Capability::INVALID, cap);
+  }
 }
 
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, DumpDebugInfo) {
-  auto ret = mAllocator->dumpDebugInfo([](const auto&) {
-    // nothing to do
-  });
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+  mAllocator->dumpDebugInfo();
 }
 
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, CreateDestroyDescriptor) {
-  Error error;
   BufferDescriptor descriptor;
-  auto ret = mClient->createDescriptor(
-      mDummyDescriptorInfo,
-      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
-      });
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error);
-
-  auto err_ret = mClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptor);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(err_ret.isOk());
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(err_ret));
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
+  mClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptor);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -164,18 +87,11 @@
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, TestAllocateBasic) {
   CHECK_FEATURE_OR_SKIP(IAllocator::Capability::TEST_ALLOCATE);
 
-  TempDescriptor descriptor(mClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor.isValid());
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
-  hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
-  descriptors.resize(1);
-  descriptors[0] = descriptor;
-
-  auto ret = mClient->testAllocate(descriptors);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-  auto error = static_cast<Error>(ret);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(error == Error::NONE || error == Error::NOT_SHARED);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mClient->testAllocate(descriptor));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -184,18 +100,16 @@
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, TestAllocateArray) {
   CHECK_FEATURE_OR_SKIP(IAllocator::Capability::TEST_ALLOCATE);
 
-  TempDescriptor descriptor(mClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor.isValid());
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
   hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
   descriptors.resize(2);
   descriptors[0] = descriptor;
   descriptors[1] = descriptor;
 
-  auto ret = mClient->testAllocate(descriptors);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-
-  auto error = static_cast<Error>(ret);
+  auto error = mClient->testAllocate(descriptors);
   ASSERT_TRUE(error == Error::NONE || error == Error::NOT_SHARED);
 }
 
@@ -203,41 +117,27 @@
  * Test allocate/free with a single buffer descriptor.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, AllocateFreeBasic) {
-  TempDescriptor descriptor(mClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor.isValid());
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
-  hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
-  descriptors.resize(1);
-  descriptors[0] = descriptor;
+  Buffer buffer;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer = mClient->allocate(descriptor));
 
-  Error error;
-  std::vector<Buffer> buffers;
-  auto ret = mClient->allocate(
-      descriptors, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffers) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        buffers = tmpBuffers;
-      });
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(error == Error::NONE || error == Error::NOT_SHARED);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1u, buffers.size());
-
-  if (!buffers.empty()) {
-    auto err_ret = mClient->free(buffers[0]);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(err_ret.isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(err_ret));
-  }
+  mClient->free(buffer);
 }
 
 /**
  * Test allocate/free with an array of buffer descriptors.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, AllocateFreeArray) {
-  TempDescriptor descriptor1(mClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor1.isValid());
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor1;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor1 =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
-  TempDescriptor descriptor2(mClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor2.isValid());
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor2;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor2 =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
   hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
   descriptors.resize(3);
@@ -245,54 +145,27 @@
   descriptors[1] = descriptor1;
   descriptors[2] = descriptor2;
 
-  Error error;
   std::vector<Buffer> buffers;
-  auto ret = mClient->allocate(
-      descriptors, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffers) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        buffers = tmpBuffers;
-      });
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(error == Error::NONE || error == Error::NOT_SHARED);
-  EXPECT_EQ(descriptors.size(), buffers.size());
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mClient->allocate(descriptors, buffers));
 
   for (auto buf : buffers) {
-    auto err_ret = mClient->free(buf);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(err_ret.isOk());
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(err_ret));
+    mClient->free(buf);
   }
 }
 
 TEST_F(GraphicsAllocatorHidlTest, ExportHandle) {
-  TempDescriptor descriptor(mClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(descriptor.isValid());
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor =
+                              mClient->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
-  hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
-  descriptors.resize(1);
-  descriptors[0] = descriptor;
+  Buffer buffer;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer = mClient->allocate(descriptor));
 
-  Error error;
-  std::vector<Buffer> buffers;
-  auto ret = mClient->allocate(
-      descriptors, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffers) {
-        error = tmpError;
-        buffers = tmpBuffers;
-      });
+  native_handle_t* handle;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handle = mClient->exportHandle(descriptor, buffer));
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(error == Error::NONE || error == Error::NOT_SHARED);
-  ASSERT_EQ(1u, buffers.size());
-
-  ret = mClient->exportHandle(
-      descriptors[0], buffers[0],
-      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) { error = tmpError; });
-  EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, error);
-
-  auto err_ret = mClient->free(buffers[0]);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(err_ret.isOk());
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(err_ret));
+  native_handle_close(handle);
+  native_handle_delete(handle);
 }
 
 }  // namespace anonymous
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 9be04d1..825bf07 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,23 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libVtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils",
+    srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: ["android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-O0",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest",
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -31,8 +48,17 @@
         "libsync",
         "libutils",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest", "libhwcomposer-command-buffer"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libhwcomposer-command-buffer",
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils",
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils",
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils",
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest",
+    ],
     cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
         "-O0",
         "-g",
     ]
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b6a108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest.h>
+
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace composer {
+namespace V2_1 {
+namespace tests {
+
+Composer::Composer() { init(); }
+
+void Composer::init() {
+  mComposer = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IComposer>();
+  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mComposer.get()) << "failed to get composer service";
+
+  std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities = getCapabilities();
+  mCapabilities.insert(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end());
+}
+
+sp<IComposer> Composer::getRaw() const { return mComposer; }
+
+bool Composer::hasCapability(IComposer::Capability capability) const {
+  return mCapabilities.count(capability) > 0;
+}
+
+std::vector<IComposer::Capability> Composer::getCapabilities() {
+  std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities;
+  mComposer->getCapabilities(
+      [&](const auto& tmpCapabilities) { capabilities = tmpCapabilities; });
+
+  return capabilities;
+}
+
+std::string Composer::dumpDebugInfo() {
+  std::string debugInfo;
+  mComposer->dumpDebugInfo(
+      [&](const auto& tmpDebugInfo) { debugInfo = tmpDebugInfo.c_str(); });
+
+  return debugInfo;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<ComposerClient> Composer::createClient() {
+  std::unique_ptr<ComposerClient> client;
+  mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create client";
+    client = std::make_unique<ComposerClient>(tmpClient);
+  });
+
+  return client;
+}
+
+ComposerClient::ComposerClient(const sp<IComposerClient>& client)
+    : mClient(client) {}
+
+ComposerClient::~ComposerClient() {
+  for (auto it : mDisplayResources) {
+    Display display = it.first;
+    DisplayResource& resource = it.second;
+
+    for (auto layer : resource.layers) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mClient->destroyLayer(display, layer))
+          << "failed to destroy layer " << layer;
+    }
+
+    if (resource.isVirtual) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display))
+          << "failed to destroy virtual display " << display;
+    }
+  }
+  mDisplayResources.clear();
+}
+
+sp<IComposerClient> ComposerClient::getRaw() const { return mClient; }
+
+void ComposerClient::registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback) {
+  mClient->registerCallback(callback);
+}
+
+uint32_t ComposerClient::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
+  return mClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+}
+
+Display ComposerClient::createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+                                             PixelFormat formatHint,
+                                             uint32_t outputBufferSlotCount,
+                                             PixelFormat* outFormat) {
+  Display display = 0;
+  mClient->createVirtualDisplay(
+      width, height, formatHint, outputBufferSlotCount,
+      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay, const auto& tmpFormat) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create virtual display";
+        display = tmpDisplay;
+        *outFormat = tmpFormat;
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+            mDisplayResources.insert({display, DisplayResource(true)}).second)
+            << "duplicated virtual display id " << display;
+      });
+
+  return display;
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
+  Error error = mClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error)
+      << "failed to destroy virtual display " << display;
+
+  mDisplayResources.erase(display);
+}
+
+Layer ComposerClient::createLayer(Display display, uint32_t bufferSlotCount) {
+  Layer layer = 0;
+  mClient->createLayer(
+      display, bufferSlotCount,
+      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayer) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create layer";
+        layer = tmpLayer;
+
+        auto resourceIt = mDisplayResources.find(display);
+        if (resourceIt == mDisplayResources.end()) {
+          resourceIt =
+              mDisplayResources.insert({display, DisplayResource(false)}).first;
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(resourceIt->second.layers.insert(layer).second)
+            << "duplicated layer id " << layer;
+      });
+
+  return layer;
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) {
+  Error error = mClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to destroy layer " << layer;
+
+  auto resourceIt = mDisplayResources.find(display);
+  ASSERT_NE(mDisplayResources.end(), resourceIt);
+  resourceIt->second.layers.erase(layer);
+}
+
+Config ComposerClient::getActiveConfig(Display display) {
+  Config config = 0;
+  mClient->getActiveConfig(
+      display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfig) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get active config";
+        config = tmpConfig;
+      });
+
+  return config;
+}
+
+bool ComposerClient::getClientTargetSupport(Display display, uint32_t width,
+                                            uint32_t height, PixelFormat format,
+                                            Dataspace dataspace) {
+  Error error = mClient->getClientTargetSupport(display, width, height, format,
+                                                dataspace);
+  return error == Error::NONE;
+}
+
+std::vector<ColorMode> ComposerClient::getColorModes(Display display) {
+  std::vector<ColorMode> modes;
+  mClient->getColorModes(
+      display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpMode) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get color mode";
+        modes = tmpMode;
+      });
+
+  return modes;
+}
+
+int32_t ComposerClient::getDisplayAttribute(
+    Display display, Config config, IComposerClient::Attribute attribute) {
+  int32_t value = 0;
+  mClient->getDisplayAttribute(display, config, attribute,
+                               [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
+                                 ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+                                     << "failed to get display attribute";
+                                 value = tmpValue;
+                               });
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+std::vector<Config> ComposerClient::getDisplayConfigs(Display display) {
+  std::vector<Config> configs;
+  mClient->getDisplayConfigs(
+      display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfigs) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get display configs";
+        configs = tmpConfigs;
+      });
+
+  return configs;
+}
+
+std::string ComposerClient::getDisplayName(Display display) {
+  std::string name;
+  mClient->getDisplayName(
+      display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpName) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get display name";
+        name = tmpName.c_str();
+      });
+
+  return name;
+}
+
+IComposerClient::DisplayType ComposerClient::getDisplayType(Display display) {
+  IComposerClient::DisplayType type = IComposerClient::DisplayType::INVALID;
+  mClient->getDisplayType(
+      display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpType) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get display type";
+        type = tmpType;
+      });
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+bool ComposerClient::getDozeSupport(Display display) {
+  bool support = false;
+  mClient->getDozeSupport(
+      display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpSupport) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get doze support";
+        support = tmpSupport;
+      });
+
+  return support;
+}
+
+std::vector<Hdr> ComposerClient::getHdrCapabilities(
+    Display display, float* outMaxLuminance, float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
+    float* outMinLuminance) {
+  std::vector<Hdr> types;
+  mClient->getHdrCapabilities(
+      display,
+      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpTypes,
+          const auto& tmpMaxLuminance, const auto& tmpMaxAverageLuminance,
+          const auto& tmpMinLuminance) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to get HDR capabilities";
+        types = tmpTypes;
+        *outMaxLuminance = tmpMaxLuminance;
+        *outMaxAverageLuminance = tmpMaxAverageLuminance;
+        *outMinLuminance = tmpMinLuminance;
+      });
+
+  return types;
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display,
+                                              uint32_t clientTargetSlotCount) {
+  Error error =
+      mClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display, clientTargetSlotCount);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to set client target slot count";
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config) {
+  Error error = mClient->setActiveConfig(display, config);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to set active config";
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode) {
+  Error error = mClient->setColorMode(display, mode);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to set color mode";
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::setPowerMode(Display display,
+                                  IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
+  Error error = mClient->setPowerMode(display, mode);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to set power mode";
+}
+
+void ComposerClient::setVsyncEnabled(Display display, bool enabled) {
+  IComposerClient::Vsync vsync = (enabled) ? IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE
+                                           : IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE;
+  Error error = mClient->setVsyncEnabled(display, vsync);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to set vsync mode";
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace V2_1
+}  // namespace composer
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b57264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_UTILS
+#define VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_UTILS
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace composer {
+namespace V2_1 {
+namespace tests {
+
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorMode;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Hdr;
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
+
+class ComposerClient;
+
+// A wrapper to IComposer.
+class Composer {
+ public:
+  Composer();
+
+  sp<IComposer> getRaw() const;
+
+  // Returns true when the composer supports the specified capability.
+  bool hasCapability(IComposer::Capability capability) const;
+
+  std::vector<IComposer::Capability> getCapabilities();
+  std::string dumpDebugInfo();
+  std::unique_ptr<ComposerClient> createClient();
+
+ private:
+  void init();
+
+  sp<IComposer> mComposer;
+  std::unordered_set<IComposer::Capability> mCapabilities;
+};
+
+// A wrapper to IComposerClient.
+class ComposerClient {
+ public:
+  ComposerClient(const sp<IComposerClient>& client);
+  ~ComposerClient();
+
+  sp<IComposerClient> getRaw() const;
+
+  void registerCallback(const sp<IComposerCallback>& callback);
+  uint32_t getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
+
+  Display createVirtualDisplay(uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+                               PixelFormat formatHint,
+                               uint32_t outputBufferSlotCount,
+                               PixelFormat* outFormat);
+  void destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display);
+
+  Layer createLayer(Display display, uint32_t bufferSlotCount);
+  void destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer);
+
+  Config getActiveConfig(Display display);
+  bool getClientTargetSupport(Display display, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
+                              PixelFormat format, Dataspace dataspace);
+  std::vector<ColorMode> getColorModes(Display display);
+  int32_t getDisplayAttribute(Display display, Config config,
+                              IComposerClient::Attribute attribute);
+  std::vector<Config> getDisplayConfigs(Display display);
+  std::string getDisplayName(Display display);
+  IComposerClient::DisplayType getDisplayType(Display display);
+  bool getDozeSupport(Display display);
+  std::vector<Hdr> getHdrCapabilities(Display display, float* outMaxLuminance,
+                                      float* outMaxAverageLuminance,
+                                      float* outMinLuminance);
+
+  void setClientTargetSlotCount(Display display,
+                                uint32_t clientTargetSlotCount);
+  void setActiveConfig(Display display, Config config);
+  void setColorMode(Display display, ColorMode mode);
+  void setPowerMode(Display display, IComposerClient::PowerMode mode);
+  void setVsyncEnabled(Display display, bool enabled);
+
+ private:
+  sp<IComposerClient> mClient;
+
+  // Keep track of all virtual displays and layers.  When a test fails with
+  // ASSERT_*, the destructor will clean up the resources for the test.
+  struct DisplayResource {
+    DisplayResource(bool isVirtual_) : isVirtual(isVirtual_) {}
+
+    bool isVirtual;
+    std::unordered_set<Layer> layers;
+  };
+  std::unordered_map<Display, DisplayResource> mDisplayResources;
+};
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace V2_1
+}  // namespace composer
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_COMPOSER_UTILS
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
index a565845..0390c88 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <IComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/allocator/2.0/IAllocator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h"
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsComposerTestUtils.h"
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h"
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -46,12 +46,15 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::IAllocator;
 using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::IAllocatorClient;
 using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::ProducerUsage;
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::tests::Allocator;
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::tests::AllocatorClient;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorMode;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::ColorTransform;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Transform;
 using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper;
+using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::tests::Mapper;
 using GrallocError = android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::Error;
 
 // IComposerCallback to be installed with IComposerClient::registerCallback.
@@ -134,13 +137,8 @@
 class GraphicsComposerHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
-    mComposer = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IComposer>();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mComposer.get());
-
-    mComposerClient = createClient();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mComposerClient.get());
-
-    initCapabilities();
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposer = std::make_unique<Composer>());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient = mComposer->createClient());
 
     mComposerCallback = new GraphicsComposerCallback;
     mComposerClient->registerCallback(mComposerCallback);
@@ -157,177 +155,16 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Initialize the set of supported capabilities.
-   */
-  void initCapabilities() {
-    mComposer->getCapabilities([this](const auto& capabilities) {
-      std::vector<IComposer::Capability> caps = capabilities;
-      mCapabilities.insert(caps.cbegin(), caps.cend());
-    });
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Test whether a capability is supported.
-   */
-  bool hasCapability(IComposer::Capability capability) const {
-    return (mCapabilities.count(capability) > 0);
-  }
-
-  IComposerClient::DisplayType getDisplayType(Display display) {
-    IComposerClient::DisplayType type = IComposerClient::DisplayType::INVALID;
-    mComposerClient->getDisplayType(
-        display, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpType) {
-          ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-          type = tmpType;
-        });
-    return type;
-  }
-
-  Error createVirtualDisplay(Display* outDisplay) {
-    auto ret_count = mComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount();
-    if (ret_count == 0) {
-      return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-
-    Error err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    Display display;
-    mComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(
-        64, 64, PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED, kBufferSlotCount,
-        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDisplay, const auto&) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          display = tmpDisplay;
-        });
-
-    *outDisplay = display;
-    return err;
-  }
-
-  void destroyVirtualDisplay(Display display) {
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
-  }
-
-  Error createLayer(Layer* outLayer) {
-    Error err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    Layer layer;
-    mComposerClient->createLayer(
-        mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount,
-        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayer) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          layer = tmpLayer;
-        });
-
-    *outLayer = layer;
-    return err;
-  }
-
-  void destroyLayer(Layer layer) {
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, layer);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
-  }
-
-  int32_t getDisplayAttribute(Config config,
-                              IComposerClient::Attribute attribute) {
-    int32_t value = -1;
-    mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
-        mPrimaryDisplay, config, attribute,
-        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpValue) {
-          ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-          value = tmpValue;
-        });
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<Config> getDisplayConfigs() {
-    std::vector<Config> configs;
-    mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(
-        mPrimaryDisplay, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfigs) {
-          ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-
-          configs = tmpConfigs;
-          ASSERT_FALSE(configs.empty());
-        });
-
-    return configs;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<ColorMode> getColorModes() {
-    std::vector<ColorMode> modes;
-    mComposerClient->getColorModes(
-        mPrimaryDisplay, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpModes) {
-          ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-
-          modes = tmpModes;
-          ASSERT_NE(modes.end(),
-                    std::find(modes.begin(), modes.end(), ColorMode::NATIVE));
-        });
-
-    return modes;
-  }
-
-  std::vector<IComposerClient::PowerMode> getPowerModes() {
-    std::vector<IComposerClient::PowerMode> modes;
-    modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::OFF);
-
-    mComposerClient->getDozeSupport(
-        mPrimaryDisplay, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpSupport) {
-          ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-          if (tmpSupport) {
-            modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE);
-            modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
-          }
-        });
-
-    // push ON last
-    modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::ON);
-
-    return modes;
-  }
-
-  void setActiveConfig(Config config) {
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay, config);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
-  }
-
-  void setColorMode(ColorMode mode) {
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->setColorMode(mPrimaryDisplay, mode);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
-  }
-
-  void setPowerMode(IComposerClient::PowerMode mode) {
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, mode);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
-  }
-
-  void setVsyncEnabled(bool enable) {
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->setVsyncEnabled(
-        mPrimaryDisplay,
-        enable ? IComposerClient::Vsync::ENABLE
-               : IComposerClient::Vsync::DISABLE);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
-  }
   // use the slot count usually set by SF
   static constexpr uint32_t kBufferSlotCount = 64;
 
-  sp<IComposer> mComposer;
-  sp<IComposerClient> mComposerClient;
+  std::unique_ptr<Composer> mComposer;
+  std::unique_ptr<ComposerClient> mComposerClient;
   sp<GraphicsComposerCallback> mComposerCallback;
   // the first display and is assumed never to be removed
   Display mPrimaryDisplay;
 
  private:
-  sp<IComposerClient> createClient() {
-    sp<IComposerClient> client;
-    mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpClient) {
-      if (tmpError == Error::NONE) {
-        client = tmpClient;
-      }
-    });
-
-    return client;
-  }
-
   Display waitForFirstDisplay() {
     while (true) {
       std::vector<Display> displays = mComposerCallback->getDisplays();
@@ -339,9 +176,6 @@
       return displays[0];
     }
   }
-
-  // the set of all supported capabilities
-  std::unordered_set<IComposer::Capability> mCapabilities;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -350,22 +184,16 @@
  * Test that IComposer::getCapabilities returns no invalid capabilities.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, GetCapabilities) {
-  mComposer->getCapabilities([](const auto& tmpCapabilities) {
-    std::vector<IComposer::Capability> capabilities = tmpCapabilities;
-    ASSERT_EQ(capabilities.end(),
-              std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                        IComposer::Capability::INVALID));
-  });
+  auto capabilities = mComposer->getCapabilities();
+  ASSERT_EQ(capabilities.end(),
+            std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                      IComposer::Capability::INVALID));
 }
 
 /**
  * Test IComposer::dumpDebugInfo.
  */
-TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, DumpDebugInfo) {
-  mComposer->dumpDebugInfo([](const auto&) {
-    // nothing to do
-  });
-}
+TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, DumpDebugInfo) { mComposer->dumpDebugInfo(); }
 
 /**
  * Test IComposer::createClient.
@@ -373,7 +201,7 @@
  * Test that IComposerClient is a singleton.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, CreateClientSingleton) {
-  mComposer->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
+  mComposer->getRaw()->createClient([&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
     EXPECT_EQ(Error::NO_RESOURCES, tmpError);
   });
 }
@@ -385,19 +213,22 @@
  * Test that virtual displays can be created and has the correct display type.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, CreateVirtualDisplay) {
-  Display display;
-  Error err = createVirtualDisplay(&display);
-  if (err == Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
+  if (mComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() == 0) {
     GTEST_SUCCEED() << "no virtual display support";
     return;
   }
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+
+  Display display;
+  PixelFormat format;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(display = mComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(
+                              64, 64, PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+                              kBufferSlotCount, &format));
 
   // test display type
-  IComposerClient::DisplayType type = getDisplayType(display);
+  IComposerClient::DisplayType type = mComposerClient->getDisplayType(display);
   EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::DisplayType::VIRTUAL, type);
 
-  destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
+  mComposerClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -407,20 +238,17 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, CreateLayer) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
-  destroyLayer(layer);
+  mComposerClient->destroyLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, layer);
 }
 
 /**
  * Test IComposerClient::getDisplayName.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, GetDisplayName) {
-  mComposerClient->getDisplayName(mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                  [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
-                                    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-                                  });
+  mComposerClient->getDisplayName(mPrimaryDisplay);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -430,8 +258,8 @@
  * for the primary display.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, GetDisplayType) {
-  IComposerClient::DisplayType type = getDisplayType(mPrimaryDisplay);
-  EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::DisplayType::PHYSICAL, type);
+  ASSERT_EQ(IComposerClient::DisplayType::PHYSICAL,
+            mComposerClient->getDisplayType(mPrimaryDisplay));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -441,21 +269,21 @@
  * required client targets.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, GetClientTargetSupport) {
-  std::vector<Config> configs = getDisplayConfigs();
+  std::vector<Config> configs =
+      mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(mPrimaryDisplay);
   for (auto config : configs) {
-    int32_t width =
-        getDisplayAttribute(config, IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH);
-    int32_t height =
-        getDisplayAttribute(config, IComposerClient::Attribute::HEIGHT);
+    int32_t width = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+        mPrimaryDisplay, config, IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH);
+    int32_t height = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+        mPrimaryDisplay, config, IComposerClient::Attribute::HEIGHT);
     ASSERT_LT(0, width);
     ASSERT_LT(0, height);
 
-    setActiveConfig(config);
+    mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay, config);
 
-    auto ret = mComposerClient->getClientTargetSupport(
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->getClientTargetSupport(
         mPrimaryDisplay, width, height, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888,
-        Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
-    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
+        Dataspace::UNKNOWN));
   }
 }
 
@@ -466,21 +294,22 @@
  * formats, and succeeds or fails correctly for optional attributes.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, GetDisplayAttribute) {
-  std::vector<Config> configs = getDisplayConfigs();
+  std::vector<Config> configs =
+      mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(mPrimaryDisplay);
   for (auto config : configs) {
     const std::array<IComposerClient::Attribute, 3> requiredAttributes = {{
         IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH, IComposerClient::Attribute::HEIGHT,
         IComposerClient::Attribute::VSYNC_PERIOD,
     }};
     for (auto attribute : requiredAttributes) {
-      getDisplayAttribute(config, attribute);
+      mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(mPrimaryDisplay, config, attribute);
     }
 
     const std::array<IComposerClient::Attribute, 2> optionalAttributes = {{
         IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_X, IComposerClient::Attribute::DPI_Y,
     }};
     for (auto attribute : optionalAttributes) {
-      mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
+      mComposerClient->getRaw()->getDisplayAttribute(
           mPrimaryDisplay, config, attribute,
           [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
             EXPECT_TRUE(tmpError == Error::NONE ||
@@ -494,19 +323,18 @@
  * Test IComposerClient::getHdrCapabilities.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, GetHdrCapabilities) {
-  mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(
-      mPrimaryDisplay,
-      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&, const auto&, const auto&,
-          const auto&) { ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError); });
+  float maxLuminance;
+  float maxAverageLuminance;
+  float minLuminance;
+  mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(mPrimaryDisplay, &maxLuminance,
+                                      &maxAverageLuminance, &minLuminance);
 }
 
 /**
  * Test IComposerClient::setClientTargetSlotCount.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, SetClientTargetSlotCount) {
-  auto ret = mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(mPrimaryDisplay,
-                                                       kBufferSlotCount);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
+  mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -516,15 +344,11 @@
  * configs.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, SetActiveConfig) {
-  std::vector<Config> configs = getDisplayConfigs();
+  std::vector<Config> configs =
+      mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(mPrimaryDisplay);
   for (auto config : configs) {
-    setActiveConfig(config);
-
-    mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(
-        mPrimaryDisplay, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpConfig) {
-          EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-          EXPECT_EQ(config, tmpConfig);
-        });
+    mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay, config);
+    ASSERT_EQ(config, mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay));
   }
 }
 
@@ -534,9 +358,10 @@
  * Test that IComposerClient::setColorMode succeeds for all color modes.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, SetColorMode) {
-  std::vector<ColorMode> modes = getColorModes();
+  std::vector<ColorMode> modes =
+      mComposerClient->getColorModes(mPrimaryDisplay);
   for (auto mode : modes) {
-    setColorMode(mode);
+    mComposerClient->setColorMode(mPrimaryDisplay, mode);
   }
 }
 
@@ -546,9 +371,19 @@
  * Test that IComposerClient::setPowerMode succeeds for all power modes.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, SetPowerMode) {
-  std::vector<IComposerClient::PowerMode> modes = getPowerModes();
+  std::vector<IComposerClient::PowerMode> modes;
+  modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::OFF);
+
+  if (mComposerClient->getDozeSupport(mPrimaryDisplay)) {
+    modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE);
+    modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+  }
+
+  // push ON last
+  modes.push_back(IComposerClient::PowerMode::ON);
+
   for (auto mode : modes) {
-    setPowerMode(mode);
+    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, mode);
   }
 }
 
@@ -561,9 +396,9 @@
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlTest, SetVsyncEnabled) {
   mComposerCallback->setVsyncAllowed(true);
 
-  setVsyncEnabled(true);
+  mComposerClient->setVsyncEnabled(mPrimaryDisplay, true);
   usleep(60 * 1000);
-  setVsyncEnabled(false);
+  mComposerClient->setVsyncEnabled(mPrimaryDisplay, false);
 
   mComposerCallback->setVsyncAllowed(false);
 }
@@ -573,7 +408,10 @@
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::SetUp());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetUpGralloc());
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mAllocator = std::make_unique<Allocator>());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mAllocatorClient = mAllocator->createClient());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mMapper = std::make_unique<Mapper>());
 
     mWriter = std::make_unique<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
     mReader = std::make_unique<CommandReader>();
@@ -583,80 +421,6 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::TearDown());
   }
 
-  const native_handle_t* cloneBuffer(const native_handle_t* handle) {
-    auto clone = native_handle_clone(handle);
-    if (!clone) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    GrallocError err = mMapper->retain(clone);
-    if (err != GrallocError::NONE) {
-      native_handle_close(clone);
-      native_handle_delete(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(clone));
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return clone;
-  }
-
-  const native_handle_t* allocate(
-      const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info) {
-    // create descriptor
-    GrallocError err = GrallocError::NO_RESOURCES;
-    BufferDescriptor descriptor;
-    mAllocatorClient->createDescriptor(
-        info, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
-        });
-    if (err != GrallocError::NONE) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // allocate buffer
-    hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
-    hidl_vec<Buffer> buffers;
-    descriptors.setToExternal(&descriptor, 1);
-    err = GrallocError::NO_RESOURCES;
-    mAllocatorClient->allocate(
-        descriptors, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffers) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          buffers = tmpBuffers;
-        });
-    if ((err != GrallocError::NONE && err != GrallocError::NOT_SHARED) ||
-        buffers.size() != 1) {
-      mAllocatorClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptors[0]);
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // export handle
-    err = GrallocError::NO_RESOURCES;
-    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    mAllocatorClient->exportHandle(
-        descriptors[0], buffers[0],
-        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpHandle) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          if (err != GrallocError::NONE) {
-            return;
-          }
-
-          handle = cloneBuffer(tmpHandle.getNativeHandle());
-          if (!handle) {
-            err = GrallocError::NO_RESOURCES;
-            return;
-          }
-        });
-
-    mAllocatorClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptors[0]);
-    mAllocatorClient->free(buffers[0]);
-
-    if (err != GrallocError::NONE) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return handle;
-  }
-
   const native_handle_t* allocate() {
     IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
     info.width = 64;
@@ -666,12 +430,7 @@
     info.producerUsageMask = static_cast<uint64_t>(ProducerUsage::CPU_WRITE);
     info.consumerUsageMask = static_cast<uint64_t>(ConsumerUsage::CPU_READ);
 
-    return allocate(info);
-  }
-
-  void free(const native_handle_t* handle) {
-    auto ret = mMapper->release(handle);
-    ASSERT_EQ(GrallocError::NONE, static_cast<GrallocError>(ret));
+    return mMapper->allocate(mAllocatorClient, info);
   }
 
   void execute() {
@@ -682,20 +441,20 @@
         mWriter->writeQueue(&queueChanged, &commandLength, &commandHandles));
 
     if (queueChanged) {
-      auto ret =
-          mComposerClient->setInputCommandQueue(*mWriter->getMQDescriptor());
+      auto ret = mComposerClient->getRaw()->setInputCommandQueue(
+          *mWriter->getMQDescriptor());
       ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, static_cast<Error>(ret));
       return;
     }
 
-    mComposerClient->executeCommands(
+    mComposerClient->getRaw()->executeCommands(
         commandLength, commandHandles,
         [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpOutQueueChanged,
             const auto& tmpOutLength, const auto& tmpOutHandles) {
           ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
 
           if (tmpOutQueueChanged) {
-            mComposerClient->getOutputCommandQueue(
+            mComposerClient->getRaw()->getOutputCommandQueue(
                 [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
                   ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
                   mReader->setMQDescriptor(tmpDescriptor);
@@ -748,25 +507,9 @@
   std::unique_ptr<CommandReader> mReader;
 
  private:
-  void SetUpGralloc() {
-    mAllocator = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IAllocator>();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mAllocator.get());
-
-    mAllocator->createClient([this](const auto& error, const auto& client) {
-      if (error == GrallocError::NONE) {
-        mAllocatorClient = client;
-      }
-    });
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mAllocatorClient.get());
-
-    mMapper = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IMapper>();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mMapper.get());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mMapper->isRemote());
-  }
-
-  sp<IAllocator> mAllocator;
-  sp<IAllocatorClient> mAllocatorClient;
-  sp<IMapper> mMapper;
+  std::unique_ptr<Allocator> mAllocator;
+  std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient> mAllocatorClient;
+  std::unique_ptr<Mapper> mMapper;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -801,22 +544,23 @@
  * Test IComposerClient::Command::SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_OUTPUT_BUFFER) {
-  auto handle = allocate();
-  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
-
-  Display display;
-  Error err = createVirtualDisplay(&display);
-  if (err == Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
+  if (mComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() == 0) {
     GTEST_SUCCEED() << "no virtual display support";
     return;
   }
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+
+  Display display;
+  PixelFormat format;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(display = mComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(
+                              64, 64, PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
+                              kBufferSlotCount, &format));
+
+  const native_handle_t* handle;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handle = allocate());
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(display);
   mWriter->setOutputBuffer(0, handle, -1);
-
-  destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
-  free(handle);
+  execute();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -853,16 +597,14 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_CURSOR_POSITION) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerCursorPosition(1, 1);
   mWriter->setLayerCursorPosition(0, 0);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -873,16 +615,13 @@
   ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle, -1);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
-  free(handle);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -890,8 +629,8 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_SURFACE_DAMAGE) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   IComposerClient::Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
   IComposerClient::Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
@@ -902,8 +641,6 @@
   mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, unit));
   mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>());
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -911,8 +648,8 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_BLEND_MODE) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
@@ -920,8 +657,6 @@
   mWriter->setLayerBlendMode(IComposerClient::BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED);
   mWriter->setLayerBlendMode(IComposerClient::BlendMode::COVERAGE);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -929,16 +664,14 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_COLOR) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerColor(IComposerClient::Color{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff});
   mWriter->setLayerColor(IComposerClient::Color{0, 0, 0, 0});
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -946,8 +679,8 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_COMPOSITION_TYPE) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
@@ -956,8 +689,6 @@
   mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::SOLID_COLOR);
   mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::CURSOR);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -965,15 +696,13 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_DATASPACE) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -981,15 +710,13 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_DISPLAY_FRAME) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(IComposerClient::Rect{0, 0, 1, 1});
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -997,23 +724,21 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_PLANE_ALPHA) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerPlaneAlpha(0.0f);
   mWriter->setLayerPlaneAlpha(1.0f);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
  * Test IComposerClient::Command::SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_SIDEBAND_STREAM) {
-  if (!hasCapability(IComposer::Capability::SIDEBAND_STREAM)) {
+  if (!mComposer->hasCapability(IComposer::Capability::SIDEBAND_STREAM)) {
     GTEST_SUCCEED() << "no sideband stream support";
     return;
   }
@@ -1022,16 +747,13 @@
   ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerSidebandStream(handle);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
-  free(handle);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1039,15 +761,13 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_SOURCE_CROP) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerSourceCrop(IComposerClient::FRect{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1055,8 +775,8 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_TRANSFORM) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
@@ -1071,8 +791,6 @@
   mWriter->setLayerTransform(
       static_cast<Transform>(Transform::FLIP_V | Transform::ROT_90));
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1080,8 +798,8 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_VISIBLE_REGION) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   IComposerClient::Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
   IComposerClient::Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
@@ -1092,8 +810,6 @@
   mWriter->setLayerVisibleRegion(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, unit));
   mWriter->setLayerVisibleRegion(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>());
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1101,16 +817,14 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsComposerHidlCommandTest, SET_LAYER_Z_ORDER) {
   Layer layer;
-  Error err = createLayer(&layer);
-  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layer = mComposerClient->createLayer(mPrimaryDisplay, kBufferSlotCount));
 
   mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
   mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
   mWriter->setLayerZOrder(10);
   mWriter->setLayerZOrder(0);
   execute();
-
-  destroyLayer(layer);
 }
 
 }  // namespace anonymous
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp
index 3b6460a..526aca2 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
 
 void GrallocMapperHal::initCapabilities()
 {
-    uint32_t count;
+    uint32_t count = 0;
     mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, nullptr);
 
     std::vector<int32_t> caps(count);
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 24cd1be..8b3379f 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,27 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libVtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils",
+    srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest",
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-O0",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest",
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -30,8 +51,15 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils",
+        "libVtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils",
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest",
+    ],
     cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
         "-O0",
         "-g",
     ]
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc26587
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest.h>
+
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace tests {
+
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::Buffer;
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::BufferDescriptor;
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::Error;
+
+Mapper::Mapper() { init(); }
+
+void Mapper::init() {
+  mMapper = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IMapper>();
+  ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mMapper.get()) << "failed to get mapper service";
+  ASSERT_FALSE(mMapper->isRemote()) << "mapper is not in passthrough mode";
+}
+
+Mapper::~Mapper() {
+  for (auto it : mHandles) {
+    while (it.second) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mMapper->release(it.first))
+          << "failed to release handle " << it.first;
+      it.second--;
+    }
+  }
+  mHandles.clear();
+}
+
+sp<IMapper> Mapper::getRaw() const { return mMapper; }
+
+void Mapper::retain(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  Error error = mMapper->retain(handle);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to retain handle " << handle;
+
+  mHandles[handle]++;
+}
+
+void Mapper::release(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  Error error = mMapper->release(handle);
+  ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, error) << "failed to release handle " << handle;
+
+  if (--mHandles[handle] == 0) {
+    mHandles.erase(handle);
+  }
+}
+
+Mapper::Dimensions Mapper::getDimensions(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  Dimensions dimensions = {};
+  mMapper->getDimensions(handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpWidth,
+                                     const auto& tmpHeight) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+        << "failed to get dimensions for handle " << handle;
+    dimensions.width = tmpWidth;
+    dimensions.height = tmpHeight;
+  });
+
+  return dimensions;
+}
+
+PixelFormat Mapper::getFormat(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  PixelFormat format = static_cast<PixelFormat>(0);
+  mMapper->getFormat(handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpFormat) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+        << "failed to get format for handle " << handle;
+    format = tmpFormat;
+  });
+
+  return format;
+}
+
+uint32_t Mapper::getLayerCount(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  uint32_t count = 0;
+  mMapper->getLayerCount(
+      handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpCount) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+            << "failed to get layer count for handle " << handle;
+        count = tmpCount;
+      });
+
+  return count;
+}
+
+uint64_t Mapper::getProducerUsageMask(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  uint64_t usageMask = 0;
+  mMapper->getProducerUsageMask(
+      handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpUsageMask) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+            << "failed to get producer usage mask for handle " << handle;
+        usageMask = tmpUsageMask;
+      });
+
+  return usageMask;
+}
+
+uint64_t Mapper::getConsumerUsageMask(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  uint64_t usageMask = 0;
+  mMapper->getConsumerUsageMask(
+      handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpUsageMask) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+            << "failed to get consumer usage mask for handle " << handle;
+        usageMask = tmpUsageMask;
+      });
+
+  return usageMask;
+}
+
+BackingStore Mapper::getBackingStore(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  BackingStore backingStore = 0;
+  mMapper->getBackingStore(
+      handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBackingStore) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+            << "failed to get backing store for handle " << handle;
+        backingStore = tmpBackingStore;
+      });
+
+  return backingStore;
+}
+
+uint32_t Mapper::getStride(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  uint32_t stride = 0;
+  mMapper->getStride(handle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpStride) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+        << "failed to get stride for handle " << handle;
+    stride = tmpStride;
+  });
+
+  return stride;
+}
+
+void* Mapper::lock(const native_handle_t* handle, uint64_t producerUsageMask,
+                   uint64_t consumerUsageMask,
+                   const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int acquireFence) {
+  NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(acquireFenceStorage, 0, 1);
+  native_handle_t* acquireFenceHandle = nullptr;
+  if (acquireFence >= 0) {
+    acquireFenceHandle = native_handle_init(acquireFenceStorage, 0, 1);
+    acquireFenceHandle->data[0] = acquireFence;
+  }
+
+  void* data = nullptr;
+  mMapper->lock(
+      handle, producerUsageMask, consumerUsageMask, accessRegion,
+      acquireFenceHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpData) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to lock handle " << handle;
+        data = tmpData;
+      });
+
+  if (acquireFence >= 0) {
+    close(acquireFence);
+  }
+
+  return data;
+}
+
+FlexLayout Mapper::lockFlex(const native_handle_t* handle,
+                            uint64_t producerUsageMask,
+                            uint64_t consumerUsageMask,
+                            const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
+                            int acquireFence) {
+  NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(acquireFenceStorage, 0, 1);
+  native_handle_t* acquireFenceHandle = nullptr;
+  if (acquireFence >= 0) {
+    acquireFenceHandle = native_handle_init(acquireFenceStorage, 0, 1);
+    acquireFenceHandle->data[0] = acquireFence;
+  }
+
+  FlexLayout layout = {};
+  mMapper->lockFlex(handle, producerUsageMask, consumerUsageMask, accessRegion,
+                    acquireFenceHandle,
+                    [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayout) {
+                      ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+                          << "failed to lockFlex handle " << handle;
+                      layout = tmpLayout;
+                    });
+
+  if (acquireFence >= 0) {
+    close(acquireFence);
+  }
+
+  return layout;
+}
+
+int Mapper::unlock(const native_handle_t* handle) {
+  int releaseFence = -1;
+  mMapper->unlock(handle, [&](const auto& tmpError,
+                              const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to unlock handle " << handle;
+
+    auto handle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
+    if (handle) {
+      ASSERT_EQ(0, handle->numInts) << "invalid fence handle " << handle;
+      if (handle->numFds == 1) {
+        releaseFence = dup(handle->data[0]);
+        ASSERT_LT(0, releaseFence) << "failed to dup fence fd";
+      } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, handle->numFds) << " invalid fence handle " << handle;
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  return releaseFence;
+}
+
+const native_handle_t* Mapper::allocate(
+    std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient>& allocatorClient,
+    const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info) {
+  BufferDescriptor descriptor = allocatorClient->createDescriptor(info);
+  if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  Buffer buffer = allocatorClient->allocate(descriptor);
+  if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
+    allocatorClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptor);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  const native_handle_t* handle =
+      allocatorClient->exportHandle(descriptor, buffer);
+  if (handle) {
+    retain(handle);
+  }
+
+  allocatorClient->free(buffer);
+  allocatorClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptor);
+
+  return handle;
+}
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c186b00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_UTILS
+#define VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_UTILS
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
+#include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
+
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorTestUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace tests {
+
+using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::IAllocatorClient;
+using android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::tests::AllocatorClient;
+
+// A wrapper to IMapper.
+class Mapper {
+ public:
+  Mapper();
+  ~Mapper();
+
+  sp<IMapper> getRaw() const;
+
+  void retain(const native_handle_t* handle);
+  void release(const native_handle_t* handle);
+
+  struct Dimensions {
+    uint32_t width;
+    uint32_t height;
+  };
+  Dimensions getDimensions(const native_handle_t* handle);
+
+  PixelFormat getFormat(const native_handle_t* handle);
+  uint32_t getLayerCount(const native_handle_t* handle);
+  uint64_t getProducerUsageMask(const native_handle_t* handle);
+  uint64_t getConsumerUsageMask(const native_handle_t* handle);
+  BackingStore getBackingStore(const native_handle_t* handle);
+  uint32_t getStride(const native_handle_t* handle);
+
+  // We use fd instead of hidl_handle in these functions to pass fences
+  // in and out of the mapper.  The ownership of the fd is always transferred
+  // with each of these functions.
+  void* lock(const native_handle_t* handle, uint64_t producerUsageMask,
+             uint64_t consumerUsageMask, const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
+             int acquireFence);
+  FlexLayout lockFlex(const native_handle_t* handle, uint64_t producerUsageMask,
+                      uint64_t consumerUsageMask,
+                      const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int acquireFence);
+  int unlock(const native_handle_t* handle);
+
+  // Requests AllocatorClient to allocate a buffer, export the handle, and
+  // register the handle with mapper.
+  const native_handle_t* allocate(
+      std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient>& allocatorClient,
+      const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info);
+
+ private:
+  void init();
+
+  sp<IMapper> mMapper;
+
+  // Keep track of all registered (retained) handles.  When a test fails with
+  // ASSERT_*, the destructor will release the handles for the test.
+  std::unordered_map<const native_handle_t*, uint64_t> mHandles;
+};
+
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // VTS_HAL_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_UTILS
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp
index b2a37dd..bd8315e 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "graphics_mapper_hidl_hal_test"
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/allocator/2.0/IAllocator.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest.h>
 #include <sync/sync.h>
+#include "VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -31,24 +30,14 @@
 namespace {
 
 using namespace android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0;
-using namespace android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0;
+using namespace android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::tests;
 
 class GraphicsMapperHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
-    mAllocator = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IAllocator>();
-    ASSERT_NE(mAllocator, nullptr);
-
-    mAllocator->createClient([this](const auto& error, const auto& client) {
-      if (error == Error::NONE) {
-        mAllocatorClient = client;
-      }
-    });
-    ASSERT_NE(mAllocatorClient, nullptr);
-
-    mMapper = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetBaseTest::getService<IMapper>();
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mMapper.get());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mMapper->isRemote());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mAllocator = std::make_unique<Allocator>());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mAllocatorClient = mAllocator->createClient());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mMapper = std::make_unique<Mapper>());
 
     mDummyDescriptorInfo.width = 64;
     mDummyDescriptorInfo.height = 64;
@@ -62,134 +51,51 @@
 
   void TearDown() override {}
 
-  const native_handle_t* allocate(
-      const IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo& info) {
-    // create descriptor
-    Error err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    BufferDescriptor descriptor;
-    mAllocatorClient->createDescriptor(
-        info, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
-        });
-    if (err != Error::NONE) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // allocate buffer
-    hidl_vec<BufferDescriptor> descriptors;
-    hidl_vec<Buffer> buffers;
-    descriptors.setToExternal(&descriptor, 1);
-    err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    mAllocatorClient->allocate(
-        descriptors, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffers) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          buffers = tmpBuffers;
-        });
-    if ((err != Error::NONE && err != Error::NOT_SHARED) ||
-        buffers.size() != 1) {
-      mAllocatorClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptors[0]);
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // export handle
-    err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    const native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    mAllocatorClient->exportHandle(
-        descriptors[0], buffers[0],
-        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpHandle) {
-          err = tmpError;
-          if (err != Error::NONE) {
-            return;
-          }
-
-          handle = native_handle_clone(tmpHandle);
-          if (!handle) {
-            err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-            return;
-          }
-
-          err = mMapper->retain(handle);
-          if (err != Error::NONE) {
-            native_handle_close(handle);
-            native_handle_delete(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(handle));
-            handle = nullptr;
-          }
-        });
-
-    mAllocatorClient->destroyDescriptor(descriptors[0]);
-    mAllocatorClient->free(buffers[0]);
-
-    if (err != Error::NONE) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  sp<IMapper> mMapper;
-
+  std::unique_ptr<Allocator> mAllocator;
+  std::unique_ptr<AllocatorClient> mAllocatorClient;
+  std::unique_ptr<Mapper> mMapper;
   IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo mDummyDescriptorInfo{};
-
- private:
-  sp<IAllocator> mAllocator;
-  sp<IAllocatorClient> mAllocatorClient;
 };
 
 /**
  * Test IMapper::retain and IMapper::release.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, RetainRelease) {
-  const native_handle_t* buffer = allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+  const native_handle_t* buffer;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      buffer = mMapper->allocate(mAllocatorClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
   const int maxRefs = 10;
   for (int i = 0; i < maxRefs; i++) {
-    auto err = mMapper->retain(buffer);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mMapper->retain(buffer));
   }
   for (int i = 0; i < maxRefs; i++) {
-    auto err = mMapper->release(buffer);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mMapper->release(buffer));
   }
 
-  auto err = mMapper->release(buffer);
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mMapper->release(buffer));
 }
 
 /**
  * Test IMapper::get* getters.
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, Getters) {
-  const native_handle_t* buffer = allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo);
-  ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+  const native_handle_t* buffer;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      buffer = mMapper->allocate(mAllocatorClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
-  Error err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-  mMapper->getDimensions(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpWidth,
-                                     const auto& tmpHeight) {
-    err = tmpError;
-    info.width = tmpWidth;
-    info.height = tmpHeight;
-  });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
-  mMapper->getFormat(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpFormat) {
-    err = tmpError;
-    info.format = tmpFormat;
-  });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
-  mMapper->getProducerUsageMask(
-      buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpUsage) {
-        err = tmpError;
-        info.producerUsageMask = tmpUsage;
-      });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
-  mMapper->getConsumerUsageMask(
-      buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpUsage) {
-        err = tmpError;
-        info.consumerUsageMask = tmpUsage;
-      });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  IAllocatorClient::BufferDescriptorInfo info = {};
+
+  Mapper::Dimensions dimensions;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(dimensions = mMapper->getDimensions(buffer));
+  info.width = dimensions.width;
+  info.height = dimensions.height;
+
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(info.format = mMapper->getFormat(buffer));
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(info.producerUsageMask =
+                              mMapper->getProducerUsageMask(buffer));
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(info.consumerUsageMask =
+                              mMapper->getConsumerUsageMask(buffer));
 
   EXPECT_EQ(mDummyDescriptorInfo.width, info.width);
   EXPECT_EQ(mDummyDescriptorInfo.height, info.height);
@@ -197,24 +103,11 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(mDummyDescriptorInfo.producerUsageMask, info.producerUsageMask);
   EXPECT_EQ(mDummyDescriptorInfo.consumerUsageMask, info.consumerUsageMask);
 
-  BackingStore store = 0;
-  mMapper->getBackingStore(buffer,
-                           [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpStore) {
-                             err = tmpError;
-                             store = tmpStore;
-                           });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mMapper->getBackingStore(buffer));
 
-  uint32_t stride = 0;
-  mMapper->getStride(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpStride) {
-    err = tmpError;
-    stride = tmpStride;
-  });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  uint32_t stride;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stride = mMapper->getStride(buffer));
   EXPECT_LE(info.width, stride);
-
-  err = mMapper->release(buffer);
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -222,79 +115,113 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, LockBasic) {
   const auto& info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
-  const native_handle_t* buffer = allocate(info);
-  ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
 
-  Error err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  uint32_t stride = 0;
-  mMapper->getStride(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpStride) {
-    err = tmpError;
-    stride = tmpStride;
-  });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  const native_handle_t* buffer;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      buffer = mMapper->allocate(mAllocatorClient, mDummyDescriptorInfo));
+
+  uint32_t stride;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stride = mMapper->getStride(buffer));
 
   // lock buffer for writing
   const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
                              static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
-  hidl_handle acquireFence(nullptr);
+  int fence = -1;
   uint32_t* data;
-  err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  mMapper->lock(buffer, info.producerUsageMask, 0, region, acquireFence,
-          [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpData) {
-            err = tmpError;
-            data = static_cast<uint32_t*>(tmpData);
-          });
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      data = static_cast<uint32_t*>(
+          mMapper->lock(buffer, info.producerUsageMask, 0, region, fence)));
 
-  if (err == Error::NONE) {
-    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
-      for (uint32_t x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
-        data[stride * y + x] = info.height * y + x;
-      }
+  for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
+      data[stride * y + x] = info.height * y + x;
     }
-  } else {
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
   }
 
-  err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  mMapper->unlock(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
-            err = tmpError;
-            auto handle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
-            if (handle && handle->numFds == 1) {
-                sync_wait(handle->data[0], -1);
-                close(handle->data[0]);
-            }
-          });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mMapper->unlock(buffer));
 
   // lock buffer for reading
-  mMapper->lock(buffer, 0, info.consumerUsageMask, region, acquireFence,
-          [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpData) {
-            err = tmpError;
-            data = static_cast<uint32_t*>(tmpData);
-          });
-  if (err == Error::NONE) {
-    for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
-      for (uint32_t x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(info.height * y + x, data[stride * y + x]);
-      }
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      data = static_cast<uint32_t*>(
+          mMapper->lock(buffer, 0, info.consumerUsageMask, region, fence)));
+  for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(info.height * y + x, data[stride * y + x]);
     }
-  } else {
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
   }
 
-  err = Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-  mMapper->unlock(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
-            err = tmpError;
-            auto handle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
-            if (handle && handle->numFds == 1) {
-                sync_wait(handle->data[0], -1);
-                close(handle->data[0]);
-            }
-          });
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mMapper->unlock(buffer));
+  if (fence >= 0) {
+    close(fence);
+  }
+}
 
-  err = mMapper->release(buffer);
-  EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, err);
+/**
+ * Test IMapper::lockFlex.  This locks a YV12 buffer, and makes sure we can
+ * write to and read from it.
+ */
+TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, LockFlexBasic) {
+  auto info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
+  info.format = PixelFormat::YV12;
+
+  const native_handle_t* buffer;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer = mMapper->allocate(mAllocatorClient, info));
+
+  // lock buffer for writing
+  const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
+                             static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
+  int fence = -1;
+  FlexLayout layout;
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layout =
+          mMapper->lockFlex(buffer, info.producerUsageMask, 0, region, fence));
+  ASSERT_EQ(FlexFormat::YCBCR, layout.format);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3u, layout.planes.size());
+
+  const auto y_stride = layout.planes[0].vIncrement;
+  const auto c_stride = layout.planes[1].vIncrement;
+  auto y_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.planes[0].topLeft);
+  auto cb_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.planes[1].topLeft);
+  auto cr_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.planes[2].topLeft);
+
+  for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
+      auto val = static_cast<uint8_t>(info.height * y + x);
+
+      y_data[y_stride * y + x] = val;
+      if (y % 2 == 0 && x % 2 == 0) {
+        cb_data[c_stride * y / 2 + x / 2] = val;
+        cr_data[c_stride * y / 2 + x / 2] = val;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mMapper->unlock(buffer));
+
+  // lock buffer for reading
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      layout =
+          mMapper->lockFlex(buffer, 0, info.consumerUsageMask, region, fence));
+
+  y_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.planes[0].topLeft);
+  cb_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.planes[1].topLeft);
+  cr_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.planes[2].topLeft);
+  for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
+    for (uint32_t x = 0; x < info.width; x++) {
+      auto val = static_cast<uint8_t>(info.height * y + x);
+
+      EXPECT_EQ(val, y_data[y_stride * y + x]);
+      if (y % 2 == 0 && x % 2 == 0) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(val, cb_data[c_stride * y / 2 + x / 2]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(val, cr_data[c_stride * y / 2 + x / 2]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mMapper->unlock(buffer));
+  if (fence >= 0) {
+    close(fence);
+  }
 }
 
 }  // namespace anonymous
diff --git a/tests/Android.bp b/tests/Android.bp
index 997ba79..6606d94 100644
--- a/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     "memory/1.0",
     "memory/1.0/default",
     "msgq/1.0",
+    "msgq/1.0/default",
     "pointer/1.0",
     "pointer/1.0/default",
     "pointer/1.0/default/lib",
diff --git a/tests/msgq/1.0/default/Android.bp b/tests/msgq/1.0/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b53fcd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/msgq/1.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.tests.msgq@1.0-impl",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    proprietary: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "TestMsgQ.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.tests.msgq@1.0",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/tests/msgq/1.0/default/TestMsgQ.cpp b/tests/msgq/1.0/default/TestMsgQ.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cc4f5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/msgq/1.0/default/TestMsgQ.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "TestMsgQ.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace tests {
+namespace msgq {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::tests::msgq::V1_0::ITestMsgQ follow.
+Return<void> TestMsgQ::configureFmqSyncReadWrite(configureFmqSyncReadWrite_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    static constexpr size_t kNumElementsInQueue = 1024;
+    mFmqSynchronized.reset(new (std::nothrow) MessageQueueSync(
+            kNumElementsInQueue, true /* configureEventFlagWord */));
+    if ((mFmqSynchronized == nullptr) || (mFmqSynchronized->isValid() == false)) {
+        _hidl_cb(false /* ret */, MessageQueueSync::Descriptor());
+    } else {
+        /*
+         * Initialize the EventFlag word with bit FMQ_NOT_FULL.
+         */
+        auto evFlagWordPtr = mFmqSynchronized->getEventFlagWord();
+        if (evFlagWordPtr != nullptr) {
+            std::atomic_init(evFlagWordPtr,
+                             static_cast<uint32_t>(ITestMsgQ::EventFlagBits::FMQ_NOT_FULL));
+        }
+        _hidl_cb(true /* ret */, *mFmqSynchronized->getDesc());
+    }
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> TestMsgQ::getFmqUnsyncWrite(bool configureFmq, getFmqUnsyncWrite_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    if (configureFmq) {
+        static constexpr size_t kNumElementsInQueue = 1024;
+        mFmqUnsynchronized.reset(new (std::nothrow) MessageQueueUnsync(kNumElementsInQueue));
+    }
+    if ((mFmqUnsynchronized == nullptr) ||
+        (mFmqUnsynchronized->isValid() == false)) {
+        _hidl_cb(false /* ret */, MessageQueueUnsync::Descriptor());
+    } else {
+        _hidl_cb(true /* ret */, *mFmqUnsynchronized->getDesc());
+    }
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<bool> TestMsgQ::requestWriteFmqSync(int32_t count) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        data[i] = i;
+    }
+    bool result = mFmqSynchronized->write(&data[0], count);
+    return result;
+}
+
+Return<bool> TestMsgQ::requestReadFmqSync(int32_t count) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    bool result = mFmqSynchronized->read(&data[0], count)
+            && verifyData(&data[0], count);
+    return result;
+}
+
+Return<bool> TestMsgQ::requestWriteFmqUnsync(int32_t count) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        data[i] = i;
+    }
+    bool result = mFmqUnsynchronized->write(&data[0], count);
+    return result;
+}
+
+Return<bool> TestMsgQ::requestReadFmqUnsync(int32_t count) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    bool result =
+            mFmqUnsynchronized->read(&data[0], count) && verifyData(&data[0], count);
+    return result;
+}
+
+Return<void> TestMsgQ::requestBlockingRead(int32_t count) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    bool result = mFmqSynchronized->readBlocking(
+            &data[0],
+            count,
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(ITestMsgQ::EventFlagBits::FMQ_NOT_FULL),
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(ITestMsgQ::EventFlagBits::FMQ_NOT_EMPTY),
+            5000000000 /* timeOutNanos */);
+
+    if (result == false) {
+        ALOGE("Blocking read fails");
+    }
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> TestMsgQ::requestBlockingReadDefaultEventFlagBits(int32_t count) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    bool result = mFmqSynchronized->readBlocking(
+            &data[0],
+            count);
+
+    if (result == false) {
+        ALOGE("Blocking read fails");
+    }
+
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> TestMsgQ::requestBlockingReadRepeat(int32_t count, int32_t numIter) {
+    std::vector<uint16_t> data(count);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numIter; i++) {
+        bool result = mFmqSynchronized->readBlocking(
+                &data[0],
+                count,
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(ITestMsgQ::EventFlagBits::FMQ_NOT_FULL),
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(ITestMsgQ::EventFlagBits::FMQ_NOT_EMPTY),
+                5000000000 /* timeOutNanos */);
+
+        if (result == false) {
+            ALOGE("Blocking read fails");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return Void();
+}
+
+
+// Methods from ::android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase follow.
+
+ITestMsgQ* HIDL_FETCH_ITestMsgQ(const char* /* name */) {
+    return new TestMsgQ();
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_0
+}  // namespace msgq
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/tests/msgq/1.0/default/TestMsgQ.h b/tests/msgq/1.0/default/TestMsgQ.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..760d931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/msgq/1.0/default/TestMsgQ.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_TESTS_MSGQ_V1_0_TESTMSGQ_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_TESTS_MSGQ_V1_0_TESTMSGQ_H
+
+#include <android/hardware/tests/msgq/1.0/ITestMsgQ.h>
+#include <hidl/MQDescriptor.h>
+#include <hidl/Status.h>
+#include <fmq/MessageQueue.h>
+#include <fmq/EventFlag.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace tests {
+namespace msgq {
+namespace V1_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::android::hardware::tests::msgq::V1_0::ITestMsgQ;
+using ::android::hidl::base::V1_0::DebugInfo;
+using ::android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_array;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_memory;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+using android::hardware::kSynchronizedReadWrite;
+using android::hardware::kUnsynchronizedWrite;
+using android::hardware::MQDescriptorSync;
+using android::hardware::MQDescriptorUnsync;
+
+using android::hardware::MessageQueue;
+
+struct TestMsgQ : public ITestMsgQ {
+    typedef MessageQueue<uint16_t, kSynchronizedReadWrite> MessageQueueSync;
+    typedef MessageQueue<uint16_t, kUnsynchronizedWrite> MessageQueueUnsync;
+
+    TestMsgQ() : mFmqSynchronized(nullptr), mFmqUnsynchronized(nullptr) {}
+
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::tests::msgq::V1_0::ITestMsgQ follow.
+    Return<void> configureFmqSyncReadWrite(configureFmqSyncReadWrite_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> getFmqUnsyncWrite(bool configureFmq, getFmqUnsyncWrite_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<bool> requestWriteFmqSync(int32_t count) override;
+    Return<bool> requestReadFmqSync(int32_t count) override;
+    Return<bool> requestWriteFmqUnsync(int32_t count) override;
+    Return<bool> requestReadFmqUnsync(int32_t count) override;
+    Return<void> requestBlockingRead(int32_t count) override;
+    Return<void> requestBlockingReadDefaultEventFlagBits(int32_t count) override;
+    Return<void> requestBlockingReadRepeat(int32_t count, int32_t numIter) override;
+
+    // Methods from ::android::hidl::base::V1_0::IBase follow.
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueueSync> mFmqSynchronized;
+    std::unique_ptr<MessageQueueUnsync> mFmqUnsynchronized;
+
+    /*
+     * Utility function to verify data read from the fast message queue.
+     */
+    bool verifyData(uint16_t* data, int count) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            if (data[i] != i) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+extern "C" ITestMsgQ* HIDL_FETCH_ITestMsgQ(const char* name);
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_0
+}  // namespace msgq
+}  // namespace tests
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_TESTS_MSGQ_V1_0_TESTMSGQ_H
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp b/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp
index 485ae7e..5917efc 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/hidl_struct_util.cpp
@@ -354,7 +354,10 @@
         hidl_scan_params.buckets[bucket_idx];
     legacy_hal::wifi_scan_bucket_spec& legacy_bucket_spec =
         legacy_scan_params->buckets[bucket_idx];
-    legacy_bucket_spec.bucket = bucket_idx;
+    if (hidl_bucket_spec.bucketIdx >= MAX_BUCKETS) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    legacy_bucket_spec.bucket = hidl_bucket_spec.bucketIdx;
     legacy_bucket_spec.band =
         convertHidlWifiBandToLegacy(hidl_bucket_spec.band);
     legacy_bucket_spec.period = hidl_bucket_spec.periodInMs;
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi.cpp b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi.cpp
index 3d482b4..b48844e 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/default/wifi.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/default/wifi.cpp
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@
       }
     }
   }
+  LOG(INFO) << "Wifi HAL started";
   return wifi_status;
 }
 
@@ -139,6 +140,13 @@
       }
     }
   }
+  // Clear the chip object and its child objects since the HAL is now
+  // stopped.
+  if (chip_.get()) {
+    chip_->invalidate();
+    chip_.clear();
+  }
+  LOG(INFO) << "Wifi HAL stopped";
   return wifi_status;
 }
 
@@ -172,13 +180,7 @@
 
 WifiStatus Wifi::stopLegacyHalAndDeinitializeModeController() {
   run_state_ = RunState::STOPPING;
-  const auto on_complete_callback_ = [&]() {
-    if (chip_.get()) {
-      chip_->invalidate();
-    }
-    chip_.clear();
-    run_state_ = RunState::STOPPED;
-  };
+  const auto on_complete_callback_ = [&]() { run_state_ = RunState::STOPPED; };
   legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
       legacy_hal_->stop(on_complete_callback_);
   if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/types.hal b/wifi/1.0/types.hal
index 83e6660..d90d5be 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/wifi/1.0/types.hal
@@ -320,6 +320,11 @@
  */
 struct StaBackgroundScanBucketParameters {
   /**
+   * Bucket index. This index is used to report results in
+   * |StaScanData.bucketsScanned|.
+   */
+  uint32_t bucketIdx;
+  /**
    * Bands to scan or |BAND_UNSPECIFIED| if frequencies list must be used
    * instead.
    */
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.hal b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.hal
index dd1d1c4..2223022 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.hal
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.hal
@@ -278,8 +278,10 @@
    *        reject.
    * @param statusCode 802.11 code to indicate the reject reason.
    *        Refer to section 8.4.1.9 of IEEE 802.11 spec.
+   * @param timedOut Whether failure is due to timeout rather
+   *        than explicit rejection response from the AP.
    */
-  oneway onAssociationRejected(Bssid bssid, uint32_t statusCode);
+  oneway onAssociationRejected(Bssid bssid, uint32_t statusCode, bool timedOut);
 
   /**
    * Used to indicate the timeout of authentication to an AP.