diff --git a/audio/aidl/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/Android.bp
index 8c32f14..563ee62 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -23,9 +23,18 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
 }
 
+aidl_interface_defaults {
+    name: "android.hardware.audio_defaults",
+    host_supported: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    stability: "vintf",
+}
+
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.audio.common",
-    vendor_available: true,
+    defaults: [
+        "android.hardware.audio_defaults",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "android/hardware/audio/common/PlaybackTrackMetadata.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/common/RecordTrackMetadata.aidl",
@@ -35,7 +44,6 @@
     imports: [
         "android.media.audio.common.types-V2",
     ],
-    stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
         cpp: {
             enabled: true,
@@ -87,15 +95,25 @@
     ],
 }
 
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "latest_android_hardware_audio_common_ndk_shared",
+    shared_libs: [
+        latest_android_hardware_audio_common + "-ndk",
+    ],
+}
+
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.audio.core",
-    vendor_available: true,
+    defaults: [
+        "android.hardware.audio_defaults",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "android/hardware/audio/core/AudioMode.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/AudioRoute.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IConfig.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl",
+        "android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamIn.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamOut.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/ITelephony.aidl",
@@ -110,7 +128,6 @@
         "android.hardware.audio.common-V1",
         "android.media.audio.common.types-V2",
     ],
-    stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
         // The C++ backend is disabled transitively due to use of FMQ.
         cpp: {
@@ -148,7 +165,9 @@
 
 aidl_interface {
     name: "android.hardware.audio.effect",
-    vendor_available: true,
+    defaults: [
+        "android.hardware.audio_defaults",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "android/hardware/audio/effect/BassBoost.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/effect/Capability.aidl",
@@ -177,7 +196,6 @@
         "android.hardware.audio.common-V1",
         "android.media.audio.common.types-V2",
     ],
-    stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
         // The C++ backend is disabled transitively due to use of FMQ.
         cpp: {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
index be382c5..7f960e0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@
     android.hardware.audio.common.SourceMetadata sourceMetadata;
     @nullable android.media.audio.common.AudioOffloadInfo offloadInfo;
     long bufferSizeFrames;
+    @nullable android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamCallback callback;
   }
   @VintfStability
   parcelable OpenOutputStreamReturn {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a2ab78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.audio.core;
+@VintfStability
+interface IStreamCallback {
+  oneway void onTransferReady();
+  oneway void onError();
+  oneway void onDrainReady();
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl
index 80ee185..467d37b 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl
@@ -35,4 +35,5 @@
 @JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @VintfStability
 parcelable ModuleDebug {
   boolean simulateDeviceConnections;
+  int streamTransientStateDelayMs;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
index 3a77ad1..3a4271b 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@
   const int LATENCY_UNKNOWN = -1;
   @FixedSize @VintfStability
   parcelable Position {
-    long frames;
-    long timeNs;
+    long frames = -1;
+    long timeNs = -1;
+    const long UNKNOWN = -1;
   }
   @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
   enum State {
@@ -53,14 +54,23 @@
     PAUSED = 4,
     DRAINING = 5,
     DRAIN_PAUSED = 6,
+    TRANSFERRING = 7,
+    TRANSFER_PAUSED = 8,
     ERROR = 100,
   }
+  @Backing(type="byte") @VintfStability
+  enum DrainMode {
+    DRAIN_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+    DRAIN_ALL = 1,
+    DRAIN_EARLY_NOTIFY = 2,
+  }
   @FixedSize @VintfStability
   union Command {
-    int hal_reserved_exit;
+    int halReservedExit;
+    android.media.audio.common.Void getStatus;
     android.media.audio.common.Void start;
     int burst;
-    android.media.audio.common.Void drain;
+    android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor.DrainMode drain;
     android.media.audio.common.Void standby;
     android.media.audio.common.Void pause;
     android.media.audio.common.Void flush;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
index be40051..974e7e8 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.hardware.audio.core.AudioMode;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.AudioPatch;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.AudioRoute;
+import android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamCallback;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamIn;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamOut;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.ITelephony;
@@ -53,9 +54,13 @@
      * the HAL module behavior that would otherwise require human intervention.
      *
      * The HAL module must throw an error if there is an attempt to change
-     * the debug behavior for the aspect which is currently in use.
+     * the debug behavior for the aspect which is currently in use, or when
+     * the value of any of the debug flags is invalid. See 'ModuleDebug' for
+     * the full list of constraints.
      *
      * @param debug The debug options.
+     * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT If some of the configuration parameters are
+     *                             invalid.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE If the flag(s) being changed affect functionality
      *                          which is currently in use.
      */
@@ -316,9 +321,13 @@
      * 'setAudioPortConfig' method. Existence of an audio patch involving this
      * port configuration is not required for successful opening of a stream.
      *
-     * If the port configuration has 'COMPRESS_OFFLOAD' output flag set,
-     * the framework must provide additional information about the encoded
-     * audio stream in 'offloadInfo' argument.
+     * If the port configuration has the 'COMPRESS_OFFLOAD' output flag set,
+     * the client must provide additional information about the encoded
+     * audio stream in the 'offloadInfo' argument.
+     *
+     * If the port configuration has the 'NON_BLOCKING' output flag set,
+     * the client must provide a callback for asynchronous notifications
+     * in the 'callback' argument.
      *
      * The requested buffer size is expressed in frames, thus the actual size
      * in bytes depends on the audio port configuration. Also, the HAL module
@@ -354,6 +363,8 @@
      *                             - If the offload info is not provided for an offload
      *                               port configuration.
      *                             - If a buffer of the requested size can not be provided.
+     *                             - If the callback is not provided for a non-blocking
+     *                               port configuration.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE In the following cases:
      *                          - If the port config already has a stream opened on it.
      *                          - If the limit on the open stream count for the port has
@@ -372,6 +383,8 @@
         @nullable AudioOffloadInfo offloadInfo;
         /** Requested audio I/O buffer minimum size, in frames. */
         long bufferSizeFrames;
+        /** Client callback interface for the non-blocking output mode. */
+        @nullable IStreamCallback callback;
     }
     @VintfStability
     parcelable OpenOutputStreamReturn {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..440ab25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.audio.core;
+
+/**
+ * This interface is used to indicate completion of asynchronous operations.
+ * See the state machines referenced by StreamDescriptor for details.
+ */
+@VintfStability
+oneway interface IStreamCallback {
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the stream is ready for next data exchange.
+     */
+    void onTransferReady();
+    /**
+     * Indicate that an irrecoverable error has occurred during the last I/O
+     * operation. After sending this callback, the stream enters the 'ERROR'
+     * state.
+     */
+    void onError();
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the stream has finished draining. This is only used
+     * for output streams because for input streams draining is performed
+     * by the client.
+     */
+    void onDrainReady();
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl
index 858a9bd..871a5c9 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl
@@ -35,4 +35,19 @@
      *    profiles.
      */
     boolean simulateDeviceConnections;
+    /**
+     * Must be non-negative. When set to non-zero, HAL module must delay
+     * transition from "transient" stream states (see StreamDescriptor.aidl)
+     * by the specified amount of milliseconds. The purpose of this delay
+     * is to allow VTS to test sending of stream commands while the stream is
+     * in a transient state. The delay must apply to newly created streams,
+     * it is not required to apply the delay to already opened streams.
+     *
+     * Note: the drawback of enabling this delay for asynchronous (non-blocking)
+     *       modes is that sending of callbacks will also be delayed, because
+     *       callbacks are sent once the stream state machine exits a transient
+     *       state. Thus, it's not recommended to use it with tests that require
+     *       waiting for an async callback.
+     */
+    int streamTransientStateDelayMs;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
index 2b1fc99..65ea9ef 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
@@ -84,13 +84,13 @@
  *     are different.
  *
  * State machines of both input and output streams start from the 'STANDBY'
- * state.  Transitions between states happen naturally with changes in the
+ * state. Transitions between states happen naturally with changes in the
  * states of the model elements. For simplicity, we restrict the change to one
  * element only, for example, in the 'STANDBY' state, either the producer or the
  * consumer can become active, but not both at the same time. States 'STANDBY',
  * 'IDLE', 'READY', and '*PAUSED' are "stable"—they require an external event,
  * whereas a change from the 'DRAINING' state can happen with time as the buffer
- * gets empty.
+ * gets empty, thus it's a "transient" state.
  *
  * The state machine for input streams is defined in the `stream-in-sm.gv` file,
  * for output streams—in the `stream-out-sm.gv` file. State machines define how
@@ -100,6 +100,28 @@
  * client can never observe a stream with a functioning command queue in this
  * state. The 'ERROR' state is a special state which the state machine enters
  * when an unrecoverable hardware error is detected by the HAL module.
+ *
+ * Non-blocking (asynchronous) modes introduce a new 'TRANSFERRING' state, which
+ * the state machine can enter after replying to the 'burst' command, instead of
+ * staying in the 'ACTIVE' state. In this case the client gets unblocked
+ * earlier, while the actual audio delivery to / from the observer is not
+ * complete yet. Once the HAL module is ready for the next transfer, it notifies
+ * the client via a oneway callback, and the machine switches to 'ACTIVE'
+ * state. The 'TRANSFERRING' state is thus "transient", similar to the
+ * 'DRAINING' state. For output streams, asynchronous transfer can be paused,
+ * and it's another new state: 'TRANSFER_PAUSED'. It differs from 'PAUSED' by
+ * the fact that no new writes are allowed. Please see 'stream-in-async-sm.gv'
+ * and 'stream-out-async-sm.gv' files for details. Below is the table summary
+ * for asynchronous only-states:
+ *
+ *  Producer | Buffer state | Consumer | Applies | State
+ *  active?  |              | active?  | to      |
+ * ==========|==============|==========|=========|==============================
+ *  Yes      | Not empty    | Yes      | Both    | TRANSFERRING, s/w x-runs counted
+ * ----------|--------------|----------|---------|-----------------------------
+ *  Yes      | Not empty    | No       | Output  | TRANSFER_PAUSED,
+ *           |              |          |         | h/w emits silence.
+ *
  */
 @JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true)
 @VintfStability
@@ -116,10 +138,15 @@
     @VintfStability
     @FixedSize
     parcelable Position {
+        /**
+         * The value used when the position can not be reported by the HAL
+         * module.
+         */
+        const long UNKNOWN = -1;
         /** Frame count. */
-        long frames;
+        long frames = UNKNOWN;
         /** Timestamp in nanoseconds. */
-        long timeNs;
+        long timeNs = UNKNOWN;
     }
 
     @VintfStability
@@ -166,11 +193,24 @@
         /**
          * Used for output streams only, pauses draining. This state is similar
          * to the 'PAUSED' state, except that the client is not adding any
-         * new data. If it emits a 'BURST' command, this brings the stream
+         * new data. If it emits a 'burst' command, this brings the stream
          * into the regular 'PAUSED' state.
          */
         DRAIN_PAUSED = 6,
         /**
+         * Used only for streams in asynchronous mode. The stream enters this
+         * state after receiving a 'burst' command and returning control back
+         * to the client, thus unblocking it.
+         */
+        TRANSFERRING = 7,
+        /**
+         * Used only for output streams in asynchronous mode only. The stream
+         * enters this state after receiving a 'pause' command while being in
+         * the 'TRANSFERRING' state. Unlike 'PAUSED' state, this state does not
+         * accept new writes.
+         */
+        TRANSFER_PAUSED = 8,
+        /**
          * The ERROR state is entered when the stream has encountered an
          * irrecoverable error from the lower layer. After entering it, the
          * stream can only be closed.
@@ -178,6 +218,29 @@
         ERROR = 100,
     }
 
+    @VintfStability
+    @Backing(type="byte")
+    enum DrainMode {
+        /**
+         * Unspecified—used with input streams only, because the client controls
+         * draining.
+         */
+        DRAIN_UNSPECIFIED = 0,
+        /**
+         * Used with output streams only, the HAL module indicates drain
+         * completion when all remaining audio data has been consumed.
+         */
+        DRAIN_ALL = 1,
+        /**
+         * Used with output streams only, the HAL module indicates drain
+         * completion shortly before all audio data has been consumed in order
+         * to give the client an opportunity to provide data for the next track
+         * for gapless playback. The exact amount of provided time is specific
+         * to the HAL implementation.
+         */
+        DRAIN_EARLY_NOTIFY = 2,
+    }
+
     /**
      * Used for sending commands to the HAL module. The client writes into
      * the queue, the HAL module reads. The queue can only contain a single
@@ -198,7 +261,14 @@
          * implementation must pass a random cookie as the command argument,
          * which is only known to the implementation.
          */
-        int hal_reserved_exit;
+        int halReservedExit;
+        /**
+         * Retrieve the current state of the stream. This command must be
+         * processed by the stream in any state. The stream must provide current
+         * positions, counters, and its state in the reply. This command must be
+         * handled by the HAL module without any observable side effects.
+         */
+        Void getStatus;
         /**
          * See the state machines on the applicability of this command to
          * different states.
@@ -215,15 +285,14 @@
          *    read from the hardware into the 'audio.fmq' queue.
          *
          * In both cases it is allowed for this field to contain any
-         * non-negative number. The value 0 can be used if the client only needs
-         * to retrieve current positions and latency. Any sufficiently big value
-         * which exceeds the size of the queue's area which is currently
-         * available for reading or writing by the HAL module must be trimmed by
-         * the HAL module to the available size. Note that the HAL module is
-         * allowed to consume or provide less data than requested, and it must
-         * return the amount of actually read or written data via the
-         * 'Reply.fmqByteCount' field. Thus, only attempts to pass a negative
-         * number must be constituted as a client's error.
+         * non-negative number. Any sufficiently big value which exceeds the
+         * size of the queue's area which is currently available for reading or
+         * writing by the HAL module must be trimmed by the HAL module to the
+         * available size. Note that the HAL module is allowed to consume or
+         * provide less data than requested, and it must return the amount of
+         * actually read or written data via the 'Reply.fmqByteCount'
+         * field. Thus, only attempts to pass a negative number must be
+         * constituted as a client's error.
          *
          * Differences for the MMap No IRQ mode:
          *
@@ -233,13 +302,16 @@
          *    with sending of this command.
          *
          *  - the value must always be set to 0.
+         *
+         * See the state machines on the applicability of this command to
+         * different states.
          */
         int burst;
         /**
          * See the state machines on the applicability of this command to
          * different states.
          */
-        Void drain;
+        DrainMode drain;
         /**
          * See the state machines on the applicability of this command to
          * different states.
@@ -286,10 +358,6 @@
          *  - STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION: the command is not applicable in the
          *                              current state of the stream, or to this
          *                              type of the stream;
-         *  - STATUS_NO_INIT: positions can not be reported because the mix port
-         *                    is not connected to any producer or consumer, or
-         *                    because the HAL module does not support positions
-         *                    reporting for this AudioSource (on input streams).
          *  - STATUS_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA: a read or write error has
          *                            occurred for the 'audio.fmq' queue;
          */
@@ -307,9 +375,11 @@
          */
         int fmqByteCount;
         /**
-         * It is recommended to report the current position for any command.
-         * If the position can not be reported, the 'status' field must be
-         * set to 'NO_INIT'.
+         * It is recommended to report the current position for any command. If
+         * the position can not be reported, for example because the mix port is
+         * not connected to any producer or consumer, or because the HAL module
+         * does not support positions reporting for this AudioSource (on input
+         * streams), the 'Position::UNKNOWN' value must be used.
          *
          * For output streams: the moment when the specified stream position
          *   was presented to an external observer (i.e. presentation position).
@@ -401,6 +471,10 @@
          *     into 'reply' queue, and hangs on waiting on a read from
          *     the 'command' queue.
          *  6. The client wakes up due to 5. and reads the reply.
+         *     Note: in non-blocking mode, when the HAL module goes to
+         *           the 'TRANSFERRING' state (as indicated by the 'reply.state'
+         *           field), the client must wait for the 'IStreamCallback.onTransferReady'
+         *           notification to arrive before starting the next burst.
          *
          * For input streams the following sequence of operations is used:
          *  1. The client writes the BURST command into the 'command' queue,
@@ -415,6 +489,10 @@
          *  5. The client wakes up due to 4.
          *  6. The client reads the reply and audio data. The client must
          *     always read from the FMQ all the data it contains.
+         *     Note: in non-blocking mode, when the HAL module goes to
+         *           the 'TRANSFERRING' state (as indicated by the 'reply.state'
+         *           field) the client must wait for the 'IStreamCallback.onTransferReady'
+         *           notification to arrive before starting the next burst.
          *
          */
         MQDescriptor<byte, SynchronizedReadWrite> fmq;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..818b18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-in-async-sm.gv
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// To render: dot -Tpng stream-in-async-sm.gv -o stream-in-async-sm.png
+digraph stream_in_async_state_machine {
+    node [shape=doublecircle style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
+    node [shape=point width=0.5] F;
+    node [shape=oval width=1];
+    node [fillcolor=lightgreen] STANDBY;  // buffer is empty
+    node [fillcolor=tomato] CLOSED;
+    node [fillcolor=tomato] ERROR;
+    node [style=dashed] ANY_STATE;
+    node [fillcolor=lightblue style=filled];
+    // Note that when the producer (h/w) is passive, "burst" operations
+    // complete synchronously, bypassing the TRANSFERRING state.
+    I -> STANDBY;
+    STANDBY -> IDLE [label="start"];           // producer -> active
+    IDLE -> STANDBY [label="standby"];         // producer -> passive, buffer is cleared
+    IDLE -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];      // consumer -> active
+    ACTIVE -> PAUSED [label="pause"];          // consumer -> passive
+    ACTIVE -> DRAINING [label="drain"];        // producer -> passive
+    ACTIVE -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];
+    TRANSFERRING -> ACTIVE [label="←IStreamCallback.onTransferReady"];
+    TRANSFERRING -> PAUSED [label="pause"];    // consumer -> passive
+    TRANSFERRING -> DRAINING [label="drain"];  // producer -> passive
+    PAUSED -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];    // consumer -> active
+    PAUSED -> STANDBY [label="flush"];         // producer -> passive, buffer is cleared
+    DRAINING -> DRAINING [label="burst"];
+    DRAINING -> ACTIVE [label="start"];      // producer -> active
+    DRAINING -> STANDBY [label="<empty buffer>"];  // consumer deactivates
+    IDLE -> ERROR [label="←IStreamCallback.onError"];
+    PAUSED -> ERROR [label="←IStreamCallback.onError"];
+    TRANSFERRING -> ERROR [label="←IStreamCallback.onError"];
+    ANY_STATE -> CLOSED [label="→IStream*.close"];
+    CLOSED -> F;
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e25b15a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/stream-out-async-sm.gv
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// To render: dot -Tpng stream-out-async-sm.gv -o stream-out-async-sm.png
+digraph stream_out_async_state_machine {
+    node [shape=doublecircle style=filled fillcolor=black width=0.5] I;
+    node [shape=point width=0.5] F;
+    node [shape=oval width=1];
+    node [fillcolor=lightgreen] STANDBY;  // buffer is empty
+    node [fillcolor=lightgreen] IDLE;     // buffer is empty
+    node [fillcolor=tomato] CLOSED;
+    node [fillcolor=tomato] ERROR;
+    node [style=dashed] ANY_STATE;
+    node [fillcolor=lightblue style=filled];
+    // Note that when the consumer (h/w) is passive, "burst" operations
+    // complete synchronously, bypassing the TRANSFERRING state.
+    I -> STANDBY;
+    STANDBY -> IDLE [label="start"];                  // consumer -> active
+    STANDBY -> PAUSED [label="burst"];                // producer -> active
+    IDLE -> STANDBY [label="standby"];                // consumer -> passive
+    IDLE -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];             // producer -> active
+    ACTIVE -> PAUSED [label="pause"];                 // consumer -> passive (not consuming)
+    ACTIVE -> DRAINING [label="drain"];               // producer -> passive
+    ACTIVE -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];           // early unblocking
+    ACTIVE -> ACTIVE [label="burst"];                 // full write
+    TRANSFERRING -> ACTIVE [label="←IStreamCallback.onTransferReady"];
+    TRANSFERRING -> TRANSFER_PAUSED [label="pause"];  // consumer -> passive (not consuming)
+    TRANSFERRING -> DRAINING [label="drain"];         // producer -> passive
+    TRANSFER_PAUSED -> TRANSFERRING [label="start"];  // consumer -> active
+    TRANSFER_PAUSED -> DRAIN_PAUSED [label="drain"];  // producer -> passive
+    TRANSFER_PAUSED -> IDLE [label="flush"];          // buffer is cleared
+    PAUSED -> PAUSED [label="burst"];
+    PAUSED -> ACTIVE [label="start"];                 // consumer -> active
+    PAUSED -> IDLE [label="flush"];                   // producer -> passive, buffer is cleared
+    DRAINING -> IDLE [label="←IStreamCallback.onDrainReady"];
+    DRAINING -> TRANSFERRING [label="burst"];         // producer -> active
+    DRAINING -> DRAIN_PAUSED [label="pause"];         // consumer -> passive (not consuming)
+    DRAIN_PAUSED -> DRAINING [label="start"];         // consumer -> active
+    DRAIN_PAUSED -> TRANSFER_PAUSED [label="burst"];  // producer -> active
+    DRAIN_PAUSED -> IDLE [label="flush"];             // buffer is cleared
+    IDLE -> ERROR [label="←IStreamCallback.onError"];
+    DRAINING -> ERROR [label="←IStreamCallback.onError"];
+    TRANSFERRING -> ERROR [label="←IStreamCallback.onError"];
+    ANY_STATE -> CLOSED [label="→IStream*.close"];
+    CLOSED -> F;
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp b/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp
index dda0e4a..0d2121c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp
@@ -25,15 +25,20 @@
 bool ThreadController::start(const std::string& name, int priority) {
     mThreadName = name;
     mThreadPriority = priority;
-    mWorker = std::thread(&ThreadController::workerThread, this);
+    if (kTestSingleThread != name) {
+        mWorker = std::thread(&ThreadController::workerThread, this);
+    } else {
+        // Simulate the case when the workerThread completes prior
+        // to the moment when we being waiting for its start.
+        workerThread();
+    }
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
     android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
     mWorkerCv.wait(lock, [&]() {
         android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
-        return mWorkerState == WorkerState::RUNNING || !mError.empty();
+        return mWorkerState != WorkerState::INITIAL || !mError.empty();
     });
-    mWorkerStateChangeRequest = false;
-    return mWorkerState == WorkerState::RUNNING;
+    return mError.empty();
 }
 
 void ThreadController::stop() {
@@ -81,8 +86,8 @@
 void ThreadController::workerThread() {
     using Status = StreamLogic::Status;
 
-    std::string error = mLogic->init();
-    if (error.empty() && !mThreadName.empty()) {
+    std::string error;
+    if (!mThreadName.empty()) {
         std::string compliantName(mThreadName.substr(0, 15));
         if (int errCode = pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), compliantName.c_str()); errCode != 0) {
             error.append("Failed to set thread name: ").append(strerror(errCode));
@@ -94,6 +99,9 @@
             error.append("Failed to set thread priority: ").append(strerror(errCode));
         }
     }
+    if (error.empty()) {
+        error.append(mLogic->init());
+    }
     {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
         mWorkerState = error.empty() ? WorkerState::RUNNING : WorkerState::STOPPED;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h b/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h
index ab2ec26..e9c1070 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 namespace internal {
 
 class ThreadController {
-    enum class WorkerState { STOPPED, RUNNING, PAUSE_REQUESTED, PAUSED, RESUME_REQUESTED };
+    enum class WorkerState { INITIAL, STOPPED, RUNNING, PAUSE_REQUESTED, PAUSED, RESUME_REQUESTED };
 
   public:
     explicit ThreadController(StreamLogic* logic) : mLogic(logic) {}
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
     std::thread mWorker;
     std::mutex mWorkerLock;
     std::condition_variable mWorkerCv;
-    WorkerState mWorkerState GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock) = WorkerState::STOPPED;
+    WorkerState mWorkerState GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock) = WorkerState::INITIAL;
     std::string mError GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock);
     // The atomic lock-free variable is used to prevent priority inversions
     // that can occur when a high priority worker tries to acquire the lock
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@
     std::atomic<bool> mWorkerStateChangeRequest GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock) = false;
 };
 
+// A special thread name used in tests only.
+static const std::string kTestSingleThread = "__testST__";
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 class StreamLogic {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp b/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp
index 8ea8424..f7a30b9 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp
@@ -283,4 +283,16 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(priority, worker.getPriority());
 }
 
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, DeferredStartCheckNoError) {
+    stream.setStopStatus();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.start(android::hardware::audio::common::internal::kTestSingleThread));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, DeferredStartCheckWithError) {
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.start(android::hardware::audio::common::internal::kTestSingleThread));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(StreamWorker, StreamWorkerTest, testing::Bool());
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
index 6863fe3..9dbd61c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::createStreamContext(int32_t in_portConfigId, int64_t in_bufferSizeFrames,
+                                               std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback,
                                                StreamContext* out_context) {
     if (in_bufferSizeFrames <= 0) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": non-positive buffer size " << in_bufferSizeFrames;
@@ -135,8 +136,8 @@
         StreamContext temp(
                 std::make_unique<StreamContext::CommandMQ>(1, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/),
                 std::make_unique<StreamContext::ReplyMQ>(1, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/),
-                frameSize,
-                std::make_unique<StreamContext::DataMQ>(frameSize * in_bufferSizeFrames));
+                frameSize, std::make_unique<StreamContext::DataMQ>(frameSize * in_bufferSizeFrames),
+                asyncCallback, mDebug.streamTransientStateDelayMs);
         if (temp.isValid()) {
             *out_context = std::move(temp);
         } else {
@@ -242,6 +243,11 @@
                    << "while having external devices connected";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
     }
+    if (in_debug.streamTransientStateDelayMs < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": streamTransientStateDelayMs is negative: "
+                   << in_debug.streamTransientStateDelayMs;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
     mDebug = in_debug;
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
@@ -456,7 +462,8 @@
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
     StreamContext context;
-    if (auto status = createStreamContext(in_args.portConfigId, in_args.bufferSizeFrames, &context);
+    if (auto status = createStreamContext(in_args.portConfigId, in_args.bufferSizeFrames, nullptr,
+                                          &context);
         !status.isOk()) {
         return status;
     }
@@ -496,8 +503,16 @@
                    << " has COMPRESS_OFFLOAD flag set, requires offload info";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
+    const bool isNonBlocking = isBitPositionFlagSet(port->flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                                                    AudioOutputFlags::NON_BLOCKING);
+    if (isNonBlocking && in_args.callback == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << port->id
+                   << " has NON_BLOCKING flag set, requires async callback";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
     StreamContext context;
-    if (auto status = createStreamContext(in_args.portConfigId, in_args.bufferSizeFrames, &context);
+    if (auto status = createStreamContext(in_args.portConfigId, in_args.bufferSizeFrames,
+                                          isNonBlocking ? in_args.callback : nullptr, &context);
         !status.isOk()) {
         return status;
     }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
index 21dc4b6..d7c352f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -87,32 +87,46 @@
 
 void StreamWorkerCommonLogic::populateReply(StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply,
                                             bool isConnected) const {
+    reply->status = STATUS_OK;
     if (isConnected) {
-        reply->status = STATUS_OK;
         reply->observable.frames = mFrameCount;
         reply->observable.timeNs = ::android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
     } else {
-        reply->status = STATUS_NO_INIT;
+        reply->observable.frames = StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN;
+        reply->observable.timeNs = StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN;
     }
 }
 
+void StreamWorkerCommonLogic::populateReplyWrongState(
+        StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply, const StreamDescriptor::Command& command) const {
+    LOG(WARNING) << "command '" << toString(command.getTag())
+                 << "' can not be handled in the state " << toString(mState);
+    reply->status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+}
+
 const std::string StreamInWorkerLogic::kThreadName = "reader";
 
 StreamInWorkerLogic::Status StreamInWorkerLogic::cycle() {
+    // Note: for input streams, draining is driven by the client, thus
+    // "empty buffer" condition can only happen while handling the 'burst'
+    // command. Thus, unlike for output streams, it does not make sense to
+    // delay the 'DRAINING' state here by 'mTransientStateDelayMs'.
+    // TODO: Add a delay for transitions of async operations when/if they added.
+
     StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
     if (!mCommandMQ->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of command from MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
     }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received command " << command.toString() << " in " << kThreadName;
     StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
     reply.status = STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
     using Tag = StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag;
     switch (command.getTag()) {
-        case Tag::hal_reserved_exit:
-            if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::hal_reserved_exit>();
+        case Tag::halReservedExit:
+            if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::halReservedExit>();
                 cookie == mInternalCommandCookie) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received EXIT command";
                 setClosed();
                 // This is an internal command, no need to reply.
                 return Status::EXIT;
@@ -120,8 +134,10 @@
                 LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": EXIT command has a bad cookie: " << cookie;
             }
             break;
+        case Tag::getStatus:
+            populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
+            break;
         case Tag::start:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received START read command";
             if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY ||
                 mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING) {
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
@@ -129,15 +145,13 @@
                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE
                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": START command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
             }
             break;
         case Tag::burst:
             if (const int32_t fmqByteCount = command.get<Tag::burst>(); fmqByteCount >= 0) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received BURST read command for " << fmqByteCount
-                           << " bytes";
+                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": '" << toString(command.getTag()) << "' command for "
+                           << fmqByteCount << " bytes";
                 if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE ||
                     mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE ||
                     mState == StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED ||
@@ -151,69 +165,61 @@
                     } else if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING) {
                         // To simplify the reference code, we assume that the read operation
                         // has consumed all the data remaining in the hardware buffer.
-                        // TODO: Provide parametrization on the duration of draining to test
-                        //       handling of commands during the 'DRAINING' state.
+                        // In a real implementation, here we would either remain in
+                        // the 'DRAINING' state, or transfer to 'STANDBY' depending on the
+                        // buffer state.
                         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
                     }
                 } else {
-                    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": BURST command can not be handled in the state "
-                                 << toString(mState);
-                    reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                    populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
                 }
             } else {
                 LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid burst byte count: " << fmqByteCount;
             }
             break;
         case Tag::drain:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received DRAIN read command";
-            if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE) {
-                usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
-                populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
-                // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
-                mState = StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING;
+            if (command.get<Tag::drain>() == StreamDescriptor::DrainMode::DRAIN_UNSPECIFIED) {
+                if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE) {
+                    usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
+                    populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
+                    // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING;
+                } else {
+                    populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
+                }
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": DRAIN command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__
+                             << ": invalid drain mode: " << toString(command.get<Tag::drain>());
             }
             break;
         case Tag::standby:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received STANDBY read command";
             if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE) {
                 usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
                 // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
                 mState = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": FLUSH command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
             }
             break;
         case Tag::pause:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received PAUSE read command";
             if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE) {
                 usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
                 // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
                 mState = StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED;
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": PAUSE command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
             }
             break;
         case Tag::flush:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received FLUSH read command";
             if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED) {
                 usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
                 // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
                 mState = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": FLUSH command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
             }
             break;
     }
@@ -261,20 +267,52 @@
 const std::string StreamOutWorkerLogic::kThreadName = "writer";
 
 StreamOutWorkerLogic::Status StreamOutWorkerLogic::cycle() {
+    if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING ||
+        mState == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING) {
+        if (auto stateDurationMs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                    std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - mTransientStateStart);
+            stateDurationMs >= mTransientStateDelayMs) {
+            if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr) {
+                // In blocking mode, mState can only be DRAINING.
+                mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
+            } else {
+                // In a real implementation, the driver should notify the HAL about
+                // drain or transfer completion. In the stub, we switch unconditionally.
+                if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING) {
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
+                    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = mAsyncCallback->onDrainReady();
+                    if (!status.isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": error from onDrainReady: " << status;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
+                    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = mAsyncCallback->onTransferReady();
+                    if (!status.isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": error from onTransferReady: " << status;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (mTransientStateDelayMs.count() != 0) {
+                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": switched to state " << toString(mState)
+                           << " after a timeout";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
     if (!mCommandMQ->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of command from MQ failed";
         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
         return Status::ABORT;
     }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received command " << command.toString() << " in " << kThreadName;
     StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
     reply.status = STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
     using Tag = StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag;
     switch (command.getTag()) {
-        case Tag::hal_reserved_exit:
-            if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::hal_reserved_exit>();
+        case Tag::halReservedExit:
+            if (const int32_t cookie = command.get<Tag::halReservedExit>();
                 cookie == mInternalCommandCookie) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received EXIT command";
                 setClosed();
                 // This is an internal command, no need to reply.
                 return Status::EXIT;
@@ -282,8 +320,11 @@
                 LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": EXIT command has a bad cookie: " << cookie;
             }
             break;
-        case Tag::start:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received START write command";
+        case Tag::getStatus:
+            populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
+            break;
+        case Tag::start: {
+            bool commandAccepted = true;
             switch (mState) {
                 case StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY:
                     mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
@@ -292,97 +333,112 @@
                     mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
                     break;
                 case StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED:
-                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED;
+                    switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING);
+                    break;
+                case StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED:
+                    switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING);
                     break;
                 default:
-                    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": START command can not be handled in the state "
-                                 << toString(mState);
-                    reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                    populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
+                    commandAccepted = false;
             }
-            if (reply.status != STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION) {
+            if (commandAccepted) {
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
             }
-            break;
+        } break;
         case Tag::burst:
             if (const int32_t fmqByteCount = command.get<Tag::burst>(); fmqByteCount >= 0) {
-                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received BURST write command for " << fmqByteCount
-                           << " bytes";
-                if (mState !=
-                    StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR) {  // BURST can be handled in all valid states
+                LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": '" << toString(command.getTag()) << "' command for "
+                           << fmqByteCount << " bytes";
+                if (mState != StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR &&
+                    mState != StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING &&
+                    mState != StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED) {
                     if (!write(fmqByteCount, &reply)) {
                         mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ERROR;
                     }
                     if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY ||
-                        mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED) {
-                        mState = StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED;
+                        mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED ||
+                        mState == StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED) {
+                        if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr ||
+                            mState != StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED) {
+                            mState = StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED;
+                        } else {
+                            mState = StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED;
+                        }
                     } else if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE ||
-                               mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING) {
-                        mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
-                    }  // When in 'ACTIVE' and 'PAUSED' do not need to change the state.
+                               mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING ||
+                               mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE) {
+                        if (mAsyncCallback == nullptr || reply.fmqByteCount == fmqByteCount) {
+                            mState = StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE;
+                        } else {
+                            switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING);
+                        }
+                    }
                 } else {
-                    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": BURST command can not be handled in the state "
-                                 << toString(mState);
-                    reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                    populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
                 }
             } else {
                 LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid burst byte count: " << fmqByteCount;
             }
             break;
         case Tag::drain:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received DRAIN write command";
-            if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE) {
-                usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
-                populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
-                // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
-                mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
-                // Since there is no actual hardware that would be draining the buffer,
-                // in order to simplify the reference code, we assume that draining
-                // happens instantly, thus skipping the 'DRAINING' state.
-                // TODO: Provide parametrization on the duration of draining to test
-                //       handling of commands during the 'DRAINING' state.
+            if (command.get<Tag::drain>() == StreamDescriptor::DrainMode::DRAIN_ALL ||
+                command.get<Tag::drain>() == StreamDescriptor::DrainMode::DRAIN_EARLY_NOTIFY) {
+                if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE ||
+                    mState == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING) {
+                    usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
+                    populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
+                    // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
+                    switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING);
+                } else if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED) {
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED;
+                    populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
+                } else {
+                    populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
+                }
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": DRAIN command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__
+                             << ": invalid drain mode: " << toString(command.get<Tag::drain>());
             }
             break;
         case Tag::standby:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received STANDBY write command";
             if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE) {
                 usleep(1000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
                 // Can switch the state to ERROR if a driver error occurs.
                 mState = StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY;
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": STANDBY command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
             }
             break;
-        case Tag::pause:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received PAUSE write command";
-            if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE ||
-                mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING) {
+        case Tag::pause: {
+            bool commandAccepted = true;
+            switch (mState) {
+                case StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE:
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED;
+                    break;
+                case StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING:
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED;
+                    break;
+                case StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING:
+                    mState = StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
+                    commandAccepted = false;
+            }
+            if (commandAccepted) {
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
-                mState = mState == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
-                                 ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
-                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED;
-            } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": PAUSE command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
             }
-            break;
+        } break;
         case Tag::flush:
-            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received FLUSH write command";
             if (mState == StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED ||
-                mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED) {
+                mState == StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED ||
+                mState == StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED) {
                 populateReply(&reply, mIsConnected);
                 mState = StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE;
             } else {
-                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": FLUSH command can not be handled in the state "
-                             << toString(mState);
-                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                populateReplyWrongState(&reply, command);
             }
             break;
     }
@@ -450,9 +506,8 @@
 void StreamCommon<Metadata, StreamWorker>::stopWorker() {
     if (auto commandMQ = mContext.getCommandMQ(); commandMQ != nullptr) {
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": asking the worker to exit...";
-        auto cmd =
-                StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::hal_reserved_exit>(
-                        mContext.getInternalCommandCookie());
+        auto cmd = StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::halReservedExit>(
+                mContext.getInternalCommandCookie());
         // Note: never call 'pause' and 'resume' methods of StreamWorker
         // in the HAL implementation. These methods are to be used by
         // the client side only. Preventing the worker loop from running
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd b/audio/aidl/default/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd
index 823b217..2c18a1e 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd
@@ -424,6 +424,8 @@
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_FORMAT_DRA"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_FORMAT_APTX_ADAPTIVE_QLEA"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_FORMAT_APTX_ADAPTIVE_R4"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_FORMAT_DTS_HD_MA"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_FORMAT_DTS_UHD_P2"/>
         </xs:restriction>
     </xs:simpleType>
     <xs:simpleType name="extendableAudioFormat">
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
index 0086743..f7b85ed 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@
     void cleanUpPatch(int32_t patchId);
     ndk::ScopedAStatus createStreamContext(
             int32_t in_portConfigId, int64_t in_bufferSizeFrames,
+            std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback,
             ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::StreamContext* out_context);
     ndk::ScopedAStatus findPortIdForNewStream(
             int32_t in_portConfigId, ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort** port);
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
index 5ee0f82..3c96973 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/common/SourceMetadata.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/BnStreamIn.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/BnStreamOut.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamCallback.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.h>
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioOffloadInfo.h>
 #include <fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h>
@@ -59,33 +61,42 @@
 
     StreamContext() = default;
     StreamContext(std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> commandMQ, std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> replyMQ,
-                  size_t frameSize, std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> dataMQ)
+                  size_t frameSize, std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> dataMQ,
+                  std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> asyncCallback, int transientStateDelayMs)
         : mCommandMQ(std::move(commandMQ)),
           mInternalCommandCookie(std::rand()),
           mReplyMQ(std::move(replyMQ)),
           mFrameSize(frameSize),
-          mDataMQ(std::move(dataMQ)) {}
+          mDataMQ(std::move(dataMQ)),
+          mAsyncCallback(asyncCallback),
+          mTransientStateDelayMs(transientStateDelayMs) {}
     StreamContext(StreamContext&& other)
         : mCommandMQ(std::move(other.mCommandMQ)),
           mInternalCommandCookie(other.mInternalCommandCookie),
           mReplyMQ(std::move(other.mReplyMQ)),
           mFrameSize(other.mFrameSize),
-          mDataMQ(std::move(other.mDataMQ)) {}
+          mDataMQ(std::move(other.mDataMQ)),
+          mAsyncCallback(other.mAsyncCallback),
+          mTransientStateDelayMs(other.mTransientStateDelayMs) {}
     StreamContext& operator=(StreamContext&& other) {
         mCommandMQ = std::move(other.mCommandMQ);
         mInternalCommandCookie = other.mInternalCommandCookie;
         mReplyMQ = std::move(other.mReplyMQ);
         mFrameSize = other.mFrameSize;
         mDataMQ = std::move(other.mDataMQ);
+        mAsyncCallback = other.mAsyncCallback;
+        mTransientStateDelayMs = other.mTransientStateDelayMs;
         return *this;
     }
 
     void fillDescriptor(StreamDescriptor* desc);
+    std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> getAsyncCallback() const { return mAsyncCallback; }
     CommandMQ* getCommandMQ() const { return mCommandMQ.get(); }
     DataMQ* getDataMQ() const { return mDataMQ.get(); }
     size_t getFrameSize() const { return mFrameSize; }
     int getInternalCommandCookie() const { return mInternalCommandCookie; }
     ReplyMQ* getReplyMQ() const { return mReplyMQ.get(); }
+    int getTransientStateDelayMs() const { return mTransientStateDelayMs; }
     bool isValid() const;
     void reset();
 
@@ -95,6 +106,8 @@
     std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> mReplyMQ;
     size_t mFrameSize;
     std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> mDataMQ;
+    std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> mAsyncCallback;
+    int mTransientStateDelayMs;
 };
 
 class StreamWorkerCommonLogic : public ::android::hardware::audio::common::StreamLogic {
@@ -111,9 +124,17 @@
           mFrameSize(context.getFrameSize()),
           mCommandMQ(context.getCommandMQ()),
           mReplyMQ(context.getReplyMQ()),
-          mDataMQ(context.getDataMQ()) {}
+          mDataMQ(context.getDataMQ()),
+          mAsyncCallback(context.getAsyncCallback()),
+          mTransientStateDelayMs(context.getTransientStateDelayMs()) {}
     std::string init() override;
     void populateReply(StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply, bool isConnected) const;
+    void populateReplyWrongState(StreamDescriptor::Reply* reply,
+                                 const StreamDescriptor::Command& command) const;
+    void switchToTransientState(StreamDescriptor::State state) {
+        mState = state;
+        mTransientStateStart = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    }
 
     // Atomic fields are used both by the main and worker threads.
     std::atomic<bool> mIsConnected = false;
@@ -125,6 +146,9 @@
     StreamContext::CommandMQ* mCommandMQ;
     StreamContext::ReplyMQ* mReplyMQ;
     StreamContext::DataMQ* mDataMQ;
+    std::shared_ptr<IStreamCallback> mAsyncCallback;
+    const std::chrono::duration<int, std::milli> mTransientStateDelayMs;
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> mTransientStateStart;
     // We use an array and the "size" field instead of a vector to be able to detect
     // memory allocation issues.
     std::unique_ptr<int8_t[]> mDataBuffer;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp
index 33c5b72..c081402 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp
@@ -125,21 +125,21 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+std::vector<AudioPort> ModuleConfig::getNonBlockingMixPorts(bool attachedOnly,
+                                                            bool singlePort) const {
+    return findMixPorts(false /*isInput*/, singlePort, [&](const AudioPort& port) {
+        return isBitPositionFlagSet(port.flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                                    AudioOutputFlags::NON_BLOCKING) &&
+               (!attachedOnly || !getAttachedSinkDevicesPortsForMixPort(port).empty());
+    });
+}
+
 std::vector<AudioPort> ModuleConfig::getOffloadMixPorts(bool attachedOnly, bool singlePort) const {
-    std::vector<AudioPort> result;
-    const auto mixPorts = getMixPorts(false /*isInput*/);
-    auto offloadPortIt = mixPorts.begin();
-    while (offloadPortIt != mixPorts.end()) {
-        offloadPortIt = std::find_if(offloadPortIt, mixPorts.end(), [&](const AudioPort& port) {
-            return isBitPositionFlagSet(port.flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
-                                        AudioOutputFlags::COMPRESS_OFFLOAD) &&
-                   (!attachedOnly || !getAttachedSinkDevicesPortsForMixPort(port).empty());
-        });
-        if (offloadPortIt == mixPorts.end()) break;
-        result.push_back(*offloadPortIt++);
-        if (singlePort) break;
-    }
-    return result;
+    return findMixPorts(false /*isInput*/, singlePort, [&](const AudioPort& port) {
+        return isBitPositionFlagSet(port.flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                                    AudioOutputFlags::COMPRESS_OFFLOAD) &&
+               (!attachedOnly || !getAttachedSinkDevicesPortsForMixPort(port).empty());
+    });
 }
 
 std::vector<AudioPort> ModuleConfig::getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
@@ -343,6 +343,19 @@
            profile.sampleRates.empty() || profile.channelMasks.empty();
 }
 
+std::vector<AudioPort> ModuleConfig::findMixPorts(
+        bool isInput, bool singlePort, std::function<bool(const AudioPort&)> pred) const {
+    std::vector<AudioPort> result;
+    const auto mixPorts = getMixPorts(isInput);
+    for (auto mixPortIt = mixPorts.begin(); mixPortIt != mixPorts.end();) {
+        mixPortIt = std::find_if(mixPortIt, mixPorts.end(), pred);
+        if (mixPortIt == mixPorts.end()) break;
+        result.push_back(*mixPortIt++);
+        if (singlePort) break;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 std::vector<AudioPortConfig> ModuleConfig::generateAudioMixPortConfigs(
         const std::vector<AudioPort>& ports, bool isInput, bool singleProfile) const {
     std::vector<AudioPortConfig> result;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h
index dc109a7..a85aa7f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <functional>
 #include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <utility>
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@
     std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort> getMixPorts(bool isInput) const {
         return isInput ? getInputMixPorts() : getOutputMixPorts();
     }
+    std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort> getNonBlockingMixPorts(
+            bool attachedOnly, bool singlePort) const;
     std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort> getOffloadMixPorts(
             bool attachedOnly, bool singlePort) const;
 
@@ -121,6 +124,9 @@
     std::string toString() const;
 
   private:
+    std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort> findMixPorts(
+            bool isInput, bool singlePort,
+            std::function<bool(const aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort&)> pred) const;
     std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig> generateAudioMixPortConfigs(
             const std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort>& ports, bool isInput,
             bool singleProfile) const;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp
index 5e9aa7f..79b20fe 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp
@@ -15,12 +15,16 @@
  */
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <limits>
 #include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
 #include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
+#include <variant>
 #include <vector>
 
 #define LOG_TAG "VtsHalAudioCore"
@@ -30,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <Utils.h>
 #include <aidl/Gtest.h>
 #include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/BnStreamCallback.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/ITelephony.h>
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioIoFlags.h>
@@ -389,15 +394,132 @@
     std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> mDataMQ;
 };
 
-class StreamLogicDriver {
+struct StreamEventReceiver {
+    virtual ~StreamEventReceiver() = default;
+    enum class Event { None, DrainReady, Error, TransferReady };
+    virtual std::tuple<int, Event> getLastEvent() const = 0;
+    virtual std::tuple<int, Event> waitForEvent(int clientEventSeq) = 0;
+    static constexpr int kEventSeqInit = -1;
+};
+std::string toString(StreamEventReceiver::Event event) {
+    switch (event) {
+        case StreamEventReceiver::Event::None:
+            return "None";
+        case StreamEventReceiver::Event::DrainReady:
+            return "DrainReady";
+        case StreamEventReceiver::Event::Error:
+            return "Error";
+        case StreamEventReceiver::Event::TransferReady:
+            return "TransferReady";
+    }
+    return std::to_string(static_cast<int32_t>(event));
+}
+
+// Transition to the next state happens either due to a command from the client,
+// or after an event received from the server.
+using TransitionTrigger = std::variant<StreamDescriptor::Command, StreamEventReceiver::Event>;
+using StateTransition = std::pair<TransitionTrigger, StreamDescriptor::State>;
+struct StateSequence {
+    virtual ~StateSequence() = default;
+    virtual void rewind() = 0;
+    virtual bool done() const = 0;
+    virtual TransitionTrigger getTrigger() = 0;
+    virtual std::set<StreamDescriptor::State> getExpectedStates() = 0;
+    virtual void advance(StreamDescriptor::State state) = 0;
+};
+
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kGetStatusCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::getStatus>(Void{});
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kStartCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::start>(Void{});
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kBurstCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(0);
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kDrainInCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::drain>(
+                StreamDescriptor::DrainMode::DRAIN_UNSPECIFIED);
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kDrainOutAllCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::drain>(
+                StreamDescriptor::DrainMode::DRAIN_ALL);
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kDrainOutEarlyCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::drain>(
+                StreamDescriptor::DrainMode::DRAIN_EARLY_NOTIFY);
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kStandbyCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::standby>(Void{});
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kPauseCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::pause>(Void{});
+static const StreamDescriptor::Command kFlushCommand =
+        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::flush>(Void{});
+static const StreamEventReceiver::Event kTransferReadyEvent =
+        StreamEventReceiver::Event::TransferReady;
+static const StreamEventReceiver::Event kDrainReadyEvent = StreamEventReceiver::Event::DrainReady;
+
+// Handle possible bifurcations:
+//   - on burst and on start: 'TRANSFERRING' -> {'ACTIVE', 'TRANSFERRING'}
+//   - on pause: 'TRANSFER_PAUSED' -> {'PAUSED', 'TRANSFER_PAUSED'}
+// It is assumed that the 'steps' provided on the construction contain the sequence
+// for the async case, which gets corrected in the case when the HAL decided to do
+// a synchronous transfer.
+class SmartStateSequence : public StateSequence {
   public:
+    explicit SmartStateSequence(const std::vector<StateTransition>& steps) : mSteps(steps) {}
+    explicit SmartStateSequence(std::vector<StateTransition>&& steps) : mSteps(std::move(steps)) {}
+    void rewind() override { mCurrentStep = 0; }
+    bool done() const override { return mCurrentStep >= mSteps.size(); }
+    TransitionTrigger getTrigger() override { return mSteps[mCurrentStep].first; }
+    std::set<StreamDescriptor::State> getExpectedStates() override {
+        std::set<StreamDescriptor::State> result = {getState()};
+        if (isBurstBifurcation() || isStartBifurcation()) {
+            result.insert(StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE);
+        } else if (isPauseBifurcation()) {
+            result.insert(StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    void advance(StreamDescriptor::State state) override {
+        if (isBurstBifurcation() && state == StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE &&
+            mCurrentStep + 1 < mSteps.size() &&
+            mSteps[mCurrentStep + 1].first == TransitionTrigger{kTransferReadyEvent}) {
+            mCurrentStep++;
+        }
+        mCurrentStep++;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    StreamDescriptor::State getState() const { return mSteps[mCurrentStep].second; }
+    bool isBurstBifurcation() {
+        return getTrigger() == TransitionTrigger{kBurstCommand}&& getState() ==
+               StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING;
+    }
+    bool isPauseBifurcation() {
+        return getTrigger() == TransitionTrigger{kPauseCommand}&& getState() ==
+               StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED;
+    }
+    bool isStartBifurcation() {
+        return getTrigger() == TransitionTrigger{kStartCommand}&& getState() ==
+               StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING;
+    }
+    const std::vector<StateTransition> mSteps;
+    size_t mCurrentStep = 0;
+};
+
+std::string toString(const TransitionTrigger& trigger) {
+    if (std::holds_alternative<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger)) {
+        return std::string("'")
+                .append(toString(std::get<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger).getTag()))
+                .append("' command");
+    }
+    return std::string("'")
+            .append(toString(std::get<StreamEventReceiver::Event>(trigger)))
+            .append("' event");
+}
+
+struct StreamLogicDriver {
     virtual ~StreamLogicDriver() = default;
     // Return 'true' to stop the worker.
     virtual bool done() = 0;
     // For 'Writer' logic, if the 'actualSize' is 0, write is skipped.
     // The 'fmqByteCount' from the returned command is passed as is to the HAL.
-    virtual StreamDescriptor::Command getNextCommand(int maxDataSize,
-                                                     int* actualSize = nullptr) = 0;
+    virtual TransitionTrigger getNextTrigger(int maxDataSize, int* actualSize = nullptr) = 0;
     // Return 'true' to indicate that no further processing is needed,
     // for example, the driver is expecting a bad status to be returned.
     // The logic cycle will return with 'CONTINUE' status. Otherwise,
@@ -410,46 +532,102 @@
 
 class StreamCommonLogic : public StreamLogic {
   protected:
-    StreamCommonLogic(const StreamContext& context, StreamLogicDriver* driver)
+    StreamCommonLogic(const StreamContext& context, StreamLogicDriver* driver,
+                      StreamEventReceiver* eventReceiver)
         : mCommandMQ(context.getCommandMQ()),
           mReplyMQ(context.getReplyMQ()),
           mDataMQ(context.getDataMQ()),
           mData(context.getBufferSizeBytes()),
-          mDriver(driver) {}
+          mDriver(driver),
+          mEventReceiver(eventReceiver) {}
     StreamContext::CommandMQ* getCommandMQ() const { return mCommandMQ; }
     StreamContext::ReplyMQ* getReplyMQ() const { return mReplyMQ; }
+    StreamContext::DataMQ* getDataMQ() const { return mDataMQ; }
     StreamLogicDriver* getDriver() const { return mDriver; }
+    StreamEventReceiver* getEventReceiver() const { return mEventReceiver; }
 
-    std::string init() override { return ""; }
+    std::string init() override {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::optional<StreamDescriptor::Command> maybeGetNextCommand(int* actualSize = nullptr) {
+        TransitionTrigger trigger = mDriver->getNextTrigger(mData.size(), actualSize);
+        if (StreamEventReceiver::Event* expEvent =
+                    std::get_if<StreamEventReceiver::Event>(&trigger);
+            expEvent != nullptr) {
+            auto [eventSeq, event] = mEventReceiver->waitForEvent(mLastEventSeq);
+            mLastEventSeq = eventSeq;
+            if (event != *expEvent) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": expected event " << toString(*expEvent) << ", got "
+                           << toString(event);
+                return {};
+            }
+            // If we were waiting for an event, the new stream state must be retrieved
+            // via 'getStatus'.
+            return StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::getStatus>(
+                    Void{});
+        }
+        return std::get<StreamDescriptor::Command>(trigger);
+    }
+    bool readDataFromMQ(size_t readCount) {
+        std::vector<int8_t> data(readCount);
+        if (mDataMQ->read(data.data(), readCount)) {
+            memcpy(mData.data(), data.data(), std::min(mData.size(), data.size()));
+            return true;
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readCount << " bytes from MQ failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool writeDataToMQ() {
+        if (mDataMQ->write(mData.data(), mData.size())) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of " << mData.size() << " bytes to MQ failed";
+        return false;
+    }
 
+  private:
     StreamContext::CommandMQ* mCommandMQ;
     StreamContext::ReplyMQ* mReplyMQ;
     StreamContext::DataMQ* mDataMQ;
     std::vector<int8_t> mData;
     StreamLogicDriver* const mDriver;
+    StreamEventReceiver* const mEventReceiver;
+    int mLastEventSeq = StreamEventReceiver::kEventSeqInit;
 };
 
 class StreamReaderLogic : public StreamCommonLogic {
   public:
-    StreamReaderLogic(const StreamContext& context, StreamLogicDriver* driver)
-        : StreamCommonLogic(context, driver) {}
+    StreamReaderLogic(const StreamContext& context, StreamLogicDriver* driver,
+                      StreamEventReceiver* eventReceiver)
+        : StreamCommonLogic(context, driver, eventReceiver) {}
 
   protected:
     Status cycle() override {
         if (getDriver()->done()) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": clean exit";
             return Status::EXIT;
         }
-        StreamDescriptor::Command command = getDriver()->getNextCommand(mData.size());
-        if (!mCommandMQ->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+        StreamDescriptor::Command command;
+        if (auto maybeCommand = maybeGetNextCommand(); maybeCommand.has_value()) {
+            command = std::move(maybeCommand.value());
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": no next command";
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Writing command: " << command.toString();
+        if (!getCommandMQ()->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of command into MQ failed";
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
         StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
-        if (!mReplyMQ->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of reply from MQ failed";
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Reading reply...";
+        if (!getReplyMQ()->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Reply received: " << reply.toString();
         if (getDriver()->interceptRawReply(reply)) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": reply has been intercepted by the driver";
             return Status::CONTINUE;
         }
         if (reply.status != STATUS_OK) {
@@ -463,11 +641,11 @@
                        << ": received invalid byte count in the reply: " << reply.fmqByteCount;
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
-        if (static_cast<size_t>(reply.fmqByteCount) != mDataMQ->availableToRead()) {
+        if (static_cast<size_t>(reply.fmqByteCount) != getDataMQ()->availableToRead()) {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__
                        << ": the byte count in the reply is not the same as the amount of "
                        << "data available in the MQ: " << reply.fmqByteCount
-                       << " != " << mDataMQ->availableToRead();
+                       << " != " << getDataMQ()->availableToRead();
         }
         if (reply.latencyMs < 0 && reply.latencyMs != StreamDescriptor::LATENCY_UNKNOWN) {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": received invalid latency value: " << reply.latencyMs;
@@ -484,10 +662,8 @@
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
         const bool acceptedReply = getDriver()->processValidReply(reply);
-        if (const size_t readCount = mDataMQ->availableToRead(); readCount > 0) {
-            std::vector<int8_t> data(readCount);
-            if (mDataMQ->read(data.data(), readCount)) {
-                memcpy(mData.data(), data.data(), std::min(mData.size(), data.size()));
+        if (const size_t readCount = getDataMQ()->availableToRead(); readCount > 0) {
+            if (readDataFromMQ(readCount)) {
                 goto checkAcceptedReply;
             }
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readCount << " data bytes from MQ failed";
@@ -505,29 +681,39 @@
 
 class StreamWriterLogic : public StreamCommonLogic {
   public:
-    StreamWriterLogic(const StreamContext& context, StreamLogicDriver* driver)
-        : StreamCommonLogic(context, driver) {}
+    StreamWriterLogic(const StreamContext& context, StreamLogicDriver* driver,
+                      StreamEventReceiver* eventReceiver)
+        : StreamCommonLogic(context, driver, eventReceiver) {}
 
   protected:
     Status cycle() override {
         if (getDriver()->done()) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": clean exit";
             return Status::EXIT;
         }
         int actualSize = 0;
-        StreamDescriptor::Command command = getDriver()->getNextCommand(mData.size(), &actualSize);
-        if (actualSize != 0 && !mDataMQ->write(mData.data(), mData.size())) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of " << mData.size() << " bytes to MQ failed";
+        StreamDescriptor::Command command;
+        if (auto maybeCommand = maybeGetNextCommand(&actualSize); maybeCommand.has_value()) {
+            command = std::move(maybeCommand.value());
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": no next command";
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
-        if (!mCommandMQ->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+        if (actualSize != 0 && !writeDataToMQ()) {
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Writing command: " << command.toString();
+        if (!getCommandMQ()->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of command into MQ failed";
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
         StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
-        if (!mReplyMQ->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Reading reply...";
+        if (!getReplyMQ()->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of reply from MQ failed";
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Reply received: " << reply.toString();
         if (getDriver()->interceptRawReply(reply)) {
             return Status::CONTINUE;
         }
@@ -542,10 +728,10 @@
                        << ": received invalid byte count in the reply: " << reply.fmqByteCount;
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
-        if (mDataMQ->availableToWrite() != mDataMQ->getQuantumCount()) {
+        if (getDataMQ()->availableToWrite() != getDataMQ()->getQuantumCount()) {
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": the HAL module did not consume all data from the data MQ: "
-                       << "available to write " << mDataMQ->availableToWrite()
-                       << ", total size: " << mDataMQ->getQuantumCount();
+                       << "available to write " << getDataMQ()->availableToWrite()
+                       << ", total size: " << getDataMQ()->getQuantumCount();
             return Status::ABORT;
         }
         if (reply.latencyMs < 0 && reply.latencyMs != StreamDescriptor::LATENCY_UNKNOWN) {
@@ -571,6 +757,71 @@
 };
 using StreamWriter = StreamWorker<StreamWriterLogic>;
 
+class DefaultStreamCallback : public ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::BnStreamCallback,
+                              public StreamEventReceiver {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onTransferReady() override {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
+        putLastEvent(Event::TransferReady);
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onError() override {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
+        putLastEvent(Event::Error);
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus onDrainReady() override {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
+        putLastEvent(Event::DrainReady);
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+  public:
+    // To avoid timing out the whole test suite in case no event is received
+    // from the HAL, use a local timeout for event waiting.
+    static constexpr auto kEventTimeoutMs = std::chrono::milliseconds(1000);
+
+    StreamEventReceiver* getEventReceiver() { return this; }
+    std::tuple<int, Event> getLastEvent() const override {
+        std::lock_guard l(mLock);
+        return getLastEvent_l();
+    }
+    std::tuple<int, Event> waitForEvent(int clientEventSeq) override {
+        std::unique_lock l(mLock);
+        android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mLock);
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": client " << clientEventSeq << ", last " << mLastEventSeq;
+        if (mCv.wait_for(l, kEventTimeoutMs, [&]() {
+                android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mLock);
+                return clientEventSeq < mLastEventSeq;
+            })) {
+        } else {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": timed out waiting for an event";
+            putLastEvent_l(Event::None);
+        }
+        return getLastEvent_l();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::tuple<int, Event> getLastEvent_l() const REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        return std::make_tuple(mLastEventSeq, mLastEvent);
+    }
+    void putLastEvent(Event event) {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard l(mLock);
+            putLastEvent_l(event);
+        }
+        mCv.notify_one();
+    }
+    void putLastEvent_l(Event event) REQUIRES(mLock) {
+        mLastEventSeq++;
+        mLastEvent = event;
+    }
+
+    mutable std::mutex mLock;
+    std::condition_variable mCv;
+    int mLastEventSeq GUARDED_BY(mLock) = kEventSeqInit;
+    Event mLastEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock) = Event::None;
+};
+
 template <typename T>
 struct IOTraits {
     static constexpr bool is_input = std::is_same_v<T, IStreamIn>;
@@ -607,6 +858,7 @@
     }
     Stream* get() const { return mStream.get(); }
     const StreamContext* getContext() const { return mContext ? &(mContext.value()) : nullptr; }
+    StreamEventReceiver* getEventReceiver() { return mStreamCallback->getEventReceiver(); }
     std::shared_ptr<Stream> getSharedPointer() const { return mStream; }
     const AudioPortConfig& getPortConfig() const { return mPortConfig.get(); }
     int32_t getPortId() const { return mPortConfig.getId(); }
@@ -616,6 +868,7 @@
     std::shared_ptr<Stream> mStream;
     StreamDescriptor mDescriptor;
     std::optional<StreamContext> mContext;
+    std::shared_ptr<DefaultStreamCallback> mStreamCallback;
 };
 
 SinkMetadata GenerateSinkMetadata(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
@@ -636,11 +889,15 @@
     args.portConfigId = portConfig.id;
     args.sinkMetadata = GenerateSinkMetadata(portConfig);
     args.bufferSizeFrames = bufferSizeFrames;
+    auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<DefaultStreamCallback>();
+    // TODO: Uncomment when support for asynchronous input is implemented.
+    // args.callback = callback;
     aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamReturn ret;
     ScopedAStatus status = module->openInputStream(args, &ret);
     if (status.isOk()) {
         mStream = std::move(ret.stream);
         mDescriptor = std::move(ret.desc);
+        mStreamCallback = std::move(callback);
     }
     return status;
 }
@@ -665,11 +922,14 @@
     args.sourceMetadata = GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig);
     args.offloadInfo = ModuleConfig::generateOffloadInfoIfNeeded(portConfig);
     args.bufferSizeFrames = bufferSizeFrames;
+    auto callback = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<DefaultStreamCallback>();
+    args.callback = callback;
     aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn ret;
     ScopedAStatus status = module->openOutputStream(args, &ret);
     if (status.isOk()) {
         mStream = std::move(ret.stream);
         mDescriptor = std::move(ret.desc);
+        mStreamCallback = std::move(callback);
     }
     return status;
 }
@@ -1379,10 +1639,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+using CommandSequence = std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command>;
 class StreamLogicDriverInvalidCommand : public StreamLogicDriver {
   public:
-    StreamLogicDriverInvalidCommand(const std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command>& commands)
-        : mCommands(commands) {}
+    StreamLogicDriverInvalidCommand(const CommandSequence& commands) : mCommands(commands) {}
 
     std::string getUnexpectedStatuses() {
         // This method is intended to be called after the worker thread has joined,
@@ -1396,25 +1656,29 @@
     }
 
     bool done() override { return mNextCommand >= mCommands.size(); }
-    StreamDescriptor::Command getNextCommand(int, int* actualSize) override {
+    TransitionTrigger getNextTrigger(int, int* actualSize) override {
         if (actualSize != nullptr) *actualSize = 0;
         return mCommands[mNextCommand++];
     }
     bool interceptRawReply(const StreamDescriptor::Reply& reply) override {
-        if (reply.status != STATUS_BAD_VALUE) {
-            std::string s = mCommands[mNextCommand - 1].toString();
+        const size_t currentCommand = mNextCommand - 1;  // increased by getNextTrigger
+        const bool isLastCommand = currentCommand == mCommands.size() - 1;
+        // All but the last command should run correctly. The last command must return 'BAD_VALUE'
+        // status.
+        if ((!isLastCommand && reply.status != STATUS_OK) ||
+            (isLastCommand && reply.status != STATUS_BAD_VALUE)) {
+            std::string s = mCommands[currentCommand].toString();
             s.append(", ").append(statusToString(reply.status));
             mStatuses.push_back(std::move(s));
-            // If the HAL does not recognize the command as invalid,
-            // retrieve the data etc.
-            return reply.status != STATUS_OK;
+            // Process the reply, since the worker exits in case of an error.
+            return false;
         }
-        return true;
+        return isLastCommand;
     }
     bool processValidReply(const StreamDescriptor::Reply&) override { return true; }
 
   private:
-    const std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command> mCommands;
+    const CommandSequence mCommands;
     size_t mNextCommand = 0;
     std::vector<std::string> mStatuses;
 };
@@ -1556,22 +1820,46 @@
     }
 
     void SendInvalidCommandImpl(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
-        std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command> commands = {
-                StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::hal_reserved_exit>(
-                        0),
-                // TODO: For proper testing of input streams, need to put the stream into
-                // a state which accepts BURST commands.
-                StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(-1),
-                StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(
-                        std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min()),
-        };
-        WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig);
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
-        StreamLogicDriverInvalidCommand driver(commands);
-        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext(), &driver);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
-        worker.join();
-        EXPECT_EQ("", driver.getUnexpectedStatuses());
+        using TestSequence = std::pair<std::string, CommandSequence>;
+        // The last command in 'CommandSequence' is the one that must trigger
+        // an error status. All preceding commands are to put the state machine
+        // into a state which accepts the last command.
+        std::vector<TestSequence> sequences{
+                std::make_pair(std::string("HalReservedExit"),
+                               std::vector{StreamDescriptor::Command::make<
+                                       StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::halReservedExit>(0)}),
+                std::make_pair(std::string("BurstNeg"),
+                               std::vector{kStartCommand,
+                                           StreamDescriptor::Command::make<
+                                                   StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(-1)}),
+                std::make_pair(
+                        std::string("BurstMinInt"),
+                        std::vector{kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::Command::make<
+                                                           StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(
+                                                           std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min())})};
+        if (IOTraits<Stream>::is_input) {
+            sequences.emplace_back("DrainAll",
+                                   std::vector{kStartCommand, kBurstCommand, kDrainOutAllCommand});
+            sequences.emplace_back(
+                    "DrainEarly", std::vector{kStartCommand, kBurstCommand, kDrainOutEarlyCommand});
+        } else {
+            sequences.emplace_back("DrainUnspecified",
+                                   std::vector{kStartCommand, kBurstCommand, kDrainInCommand});
+        }
+        for (const auto& seq : sequences) {
+            SCOPED_TRACE(std::string("Sequence ").append(seq.first));
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": Sequence " << seq.first;
+            WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig);
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
+            StreamLogicDriverInvalidCommand driver(seq.second);
+            typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext(), &driver,
+                                                     stream.getEventReceiver());
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": starting worker...";
+            ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining worker...";
+            worker.join();
+            EXPECT_EQ("", driver.getUnexpectedStatuses());
+        }
     }
 };
 using AudioStreamIn = AudioStream<IStreamIn>;
@@ -1615,27 +1903,51 @@
         GTEST_SKIP()
                 << "No mix port for compressed offload that could be routed to attached devices";
     }
-    const auto portConfig =
-            moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(false, *offloadMixPorts.begin());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(portConfig.has_value())
-            << "No profiles specified for the compressed offload mix port";
+    const auto config = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(false, *offloadMixPorts.begin());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(config.has_value()) << "No profiles specified for the compressed offload mix port";
+    WithAudioPortConfig portConfig(config.value());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(portConfig.SetUp(module.get()));
     StreamDescriptor descriptor;
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamOut> ignored;
     aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamArguments args;
-    args.portConfigId = portConfig.value().id;
-    args.sourceMetadata = GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig.value());
+    args.portConfigId = portConfig.getId();
+    args.sourceMetadata = GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig.get());
     args.bufferSizeFrames = kDefaultBufferSizeFrames;
     aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn ret;
     EXPECT_STATUS(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, module->openOutputStream(args, &ret))
             << "when no offload info is provided for a compressed offload mix port";
 }
 
-using CommandAndState = std::pair<StreamDescriptor::Command, StreamDescriptor::State>;
+TEST_P(AudioStreamOut, RequireAsyncCallback) {
+    const auto nonBlockingMixPorts =
+            moduleConfig->getNonBlockingMixPorts(true /*attachedOnly*/, true /*singlePort*/);
+    if (nonBlockingMixPorts.empty()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP()
+                << "No mix port for non-blocking output that could be routed to attached devices";
+    }
+    const auto config =
+            moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(false, *nonBlockingMixPorts.begin());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(config.has_value()) << "No profiles specified for the non-blocking mix port";
+    WithAudioPortConfig portConfig(config.value());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(portConfig.SetUp(module.get()));
+    StreamDescriptor descriptor;
+    std::shared_ptr<IStreamOut> ignored;
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamArguments args;
+    args.portConfigId = portConfig.getId();
+    args.sourceMetadata = GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig.get());
+    args.offloadInfo = ModuleConfig::generateOffloadInfoIfNeeded(portConfig.get());
+    args.bufferSizeFrames = kDefaultBufferSizeFrames;
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn ret;
+    EXPECT_STATUS(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, module->openOutputStream(args, &ret))
+            << "when no async callback is provided for a non-blocking mix port";
+}
 
 class StreamLogicDefaultDriver : public StreamLogicDriver {
   public:
-    explicit StreamLogicDefaultDriver(const std::vector<CommandAndState>& commands)
-        : mCommands(commands) {}
+    explicit StreamLogicDefaultDriver(std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> commands)
+        : mCommands(commands) {
+        mCommands->rewind();
+    }
 
     // The three methods below is intended to be called after the worker
     // thread has joined, thus no extra synchronization is needed.
@@ -1643,59 +1955,72 @@
     bool hasRetrogradeObservablePosition() const { return mRetrogradeObservablePosition; }
     std::string getUnexpectedStateTransition() const { return mUnexpectedTransition; }
 
-    bool done() override { return mNextCommand >= mCommands.size(); }
-    StreamDescriptor::Command getNextCommand(int maxDataSize, int* actualSize) override {
-        auto command = mCommands[mNextCommand++].first;
-        if (command.getTag() == StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst) {
-            if (actualSize != nullptr) {
-                // In the output scenario, reduce slightly the fmqByteCount to verify
-                // that the HAL module always consumes all data from the MQ.
-                if (maxDataSize > 1) maxDataSize--;
-                *actualSize = maxDataSize;
+    bool done() override { return mCommands->done(); }
+    TransitionTrigger getNextTrigger(int maxDataSize, int* actualSize) override {
+        auto trigger = mCommands->getTrigger();
+        if (StreamDescriptor::Command* command = std::get_if<StreamDescriptor::Command>(&trigger);
+            command != nullptr) {
+            if (command->getTag() == StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst) {
+                if (actualSize != nullptr) {
+                    // In the output scenario, reduce slightly the fmqByteCount to verify
+                    // that the HAL module always consumes all data from the MQ.
+                    if (maxDataSize > 1) maxDataSize--;
+                    *actualSize = maxDataSize;
+                }
+                command->set<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(maxDataSize);
+            } else {
+                if (actualSize != nullptr) *actualSize = 0;
             }
-            command.set<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(maxDataSize);
-        } else {
-            if (actualSize != nullptr) *actualSize = 0;
         }
-        return command;
+        return trigger;
     }
     bool interceptRawReply(const StreamDescriptor::Reply&) override { return false; }
     bool processValidReply(const StreamDescriptor::Reply& reply) override {
-        if (mPreviousFrames.has_value()) {
-            if (reply.observable.frames > mPreviousFrames.value()) {
-                mObservablePositionIncrease = true;
-            } else if (reply.observable.frames < mPreviousFrames.value()) {
-                mRetrogradeObservablePosition = true;
+        if (reply.observable.frames != StreamDescriptor::Position::UNKNOWN) {
+            if (mPreviousFrames.has_value()) {
+                if (reply.observable.frames > mPreviousFrames.value()) {
+                    mObservablePositionIncrease = true;
+                } else if (reply.observable.frames < mPreviousFrames.value()) {
+                    mRetrogradeObservablePosition = true;
+                }
             }
+            mPreviousFrames = reply.observable.frames;
         }
-        mPreviousFrames = reply.observable.frames;
 
-        const auto& lastCommandState = mCommands[mNextCommand - 1];
-        if (lastCommandState.second != reply.state) {
-            std::string s = std::string("Unexpected transition from the state ")
-                                    .append(mPreviousState)
-                                    .append(" to ")
-                                    .append(toString(reply.state))
-                                    .append(" caused by the command ")
-                                    .append(lastCommandState.first.toString());
+        auto expected = mCommands->getExpectedStates();
+        if (expected.count(reply.state) == 0) {
+            std::string s =
+                    std::string("Unexpected transition from the state ")
+                            .append(mPreviousState.has_value() ? toString(mPreviousState.value())
+                                                               : "<initial state>")
+                            .append(" to ")
+                            .append(toString(reply.state))
+                            .append(" (expected one of ")
+                            .append(::android::internal::ToString(expected))
+                            .append(") caused by the ")
+                            .append(toString(mCommands->getTrigger()));
             LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": " << s;
             mUnexpectedTransition = std::move(s);
             return false;
         }
+        mCommands->advance(reply.state);
+        mPreviousState = reply.state;
         return true;
     }
 
   protected:
-    const std::vector<CommandAndState>& mCommands;
-    size_t mNextCommand = 0;
+    std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> mCommands;
+    std::optional<StreamDescriptor::State> mPreviousState;
     std::optional<int64_t> mPreviousFrames;
-    std::string mPreviousState = "<initial state>";
     bool mObservablePositionIncrease = false;
     bool mRetrogradeObservablePosition = false;
     std::string mUnexpectedTransition;
 };
 
-using NamedCommandSequence = std::pair<std::string, std::vector<CommandAndState>>;
+enum { NAMED_CMD_NAME, NAMED_CMD_DELAY_MS, NAMED_CMD_STREAM_TYPE, NAMED_CMD_CMDS };
+enum class StreamTypeFilter { ANY, SYNC, ASYNC };
+using NamedCommandSequence =
+        std::tuple<std::string, int, StreamTypeFilter, std::shared_ptr<StateSequence>>;
 enum { PARAM_MODULE_NAME, PARAM_CMD_SEQ, PARAM_SETUP_SEQ };
 using StreamIoTestParameters =
         std::tuple<std::string /*moduleName*/, NamedCommandSequence, bool /*useSetupSequence2*/>;
@@ -1716,7 +2041,29 @@
         }
         for (const auto& portConfig : allPortConfigs) {
             SCOPED_TRACE(portConfig.toString());
-            const auto& commandsAndStates = std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(GetParam()).second;
+            const bool isNonBlocking =
+                    IOTraits<Stream>::is_input
+                            ? false
+                            :
+                            // TODO: Uncomment when support for asynchronous input is implemented.
+                            /*isBitPositionFlagSet(
+                              portConfig.flags.value().template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::input>(),
+                              AudioInputFlags::NON_BLOCKING) :*/
+                            isBitPositionFlagSet(portConfig.flags.value()
+                                                         .template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                                                 AudioOutputFlags::NON_BLOCKING);
+            if (auto streamType =
+                        std::get<NAMED_CMD_STREAM_TYPE>(std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(GetParam()));
+                (isNonBlocking && streamType == StreamTypeFilter::SYNC) ||
+                (!isNonBlocking && streamType == StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            WithDebugFlags delayTransientStates = WithDebugFlags::createNested(debug);
+            delayTransientStates.flags().streamTransientStateDelayMs =
+                    std::get<NAMED_CMD_DELAY_MS>(std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(GetParam()));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(delayTransientStates.SetUp(module.get()));
+            const auto& commandsAndStates =
+                    std::get<NAMED_CMD_CMDS>(std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(GetParam()));
             if (!std::get<PARAM_SETUP_SEQ>(GetParam())) {
                 ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(RunStreamIoCommandsImplSeq1(portConfig, commandsAndStates));
             } else {
@@ -1732,7 +2079,7 @@
 
     // Set up a patch first, then open a stream.
     void RunStreamIoCommandsImplSeq1(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig,
-                                     const std::vector<CommandAndState>& commandsAndStates) {
+                                     std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> commandsAndStates) {
         auto devicePorts = moduleConfig->getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
                 IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, portConfig);
         ASSERT_FALSE(devicePorts.empty());
@@ -1743,9 +2090,12 @@
         WithStream<Stream> stream(patch.getPortConfig(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input));
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
         StreamLogicDefaultDriver driver(commandsAndStates);
-        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext(), &driver);
+        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext(), &driver,
+                                                 stream.getEventReceiver());
 
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": starting worker...";
         ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining worker...";
         worker.join();
         EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError()) << worker.getError();
         EXPECT_EQ("", driver.getUnexpectedStateTransition());
@@ -1757,11 +2107,12 @@
 
     // Open a stream, then set up a patch for it.
     void RunStreamIoCommandsImplSeq2(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig,
-                                     const std::vector<CommandAndState>& commandsAndStates) {
+                                     std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> commandsAndStates) {
         WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
         StreamLogicDefaultDriver driver(commandsAndStates);
-        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext(), &driver);
+        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext(), &driver,
+                                                 stream.getEventReceiver());
 
         auto devicePorts = moduleConfig->getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
                 IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, portConfig);
@@ -1770,7 +2121,9 @@
         WithAudioPatch patch(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, stream.getPortConfig(), devicePortConfig);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(patch.SetUp(module.get()));
 
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": starting worker...";
         ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining worker...";
         worker.join();
         EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError()) << worker.getError();
         EXPECT_EQ("", driver.getUnexpectedStateTransition());
@@ -1975,103 +2328,210 @@
                          android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(AudioStreamOut);
 
-static const StreamDescriptor::Command kStartCommand =
-        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::start>(Void{});
-static const StreamDescriptor::Command kBurstCommand =
-        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::burst>(0);
-static const StreamDescriptor::Command kDrainCommand =
-        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::drain>(Void{});
-static const StreamDescriptor::Command kStandbyCommand =
-        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::standby>(Void{});
-static const StreamDescriptor::Command kPauseCommand =
-        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::pause>(Void{});
-static const StreamDescriptor::Command kFlushCommand =
-        StreamDescriptor::Command::make<StreamDescriptor::Command::Tag::flush>(Void{});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kReadOrWriteSeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("ReadOrWrite"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainInSeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("Drain"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kDrainCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kDrainCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
-                               // TODO: This will need to be changed once DRAIN starts taking time.
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY)});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainOutSeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("Drain"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               // TODO: This will need to be changed once DRAIN starts taking time.
-                               std::make_pair(kDrainCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
-// TODO: This will need to be changed once DRAIN starts taking time so we can pause it.
-static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseOutSeq = std::make_pair(
-        std::string("DrainPause"),
-        std::vector<CommandAndState>{std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                                     std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                     std::make_pair(kDrainCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kStandbySeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("Standby"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kStandbyCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY),
-                               // Perform a read or write in order to advance observable position
-                               // (this is verified by tests).
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)});
+// This is the value used in test sequences for which the test needs to ensure
+// that the HAL stays in a transient state long enough to receive the next command.
+static const int kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs = 3000;
+
+// TODO: Add async test cases for input once it is implemented.
+
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeBurstCommands(bool isSync, size_t burstCount) {
+    const auto burst =
+            isSync ? std::vector<StateTransition>{std::make_pair(kBurstCommand,
+                                                                 StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)}
+                   : std::vector<StateTransition>{
+                             std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+                             std::make_pair(kTransferReadyEvent, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)};
+    std::vector<StateTransition> result{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < burstCount; ++i) {
+        result.insert(result.end(), burst.begin(), burst.end());
+    }
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(result);
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kReadSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Read"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeBurstCommands(true, 3));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Write"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeBurstCommands(true, 3));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteAsyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Write"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeBurstCommands(false, 3));
+
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeAsyncDrainCommands(bool isInput) {
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+            std::make_pair(isInput ? kDrainInCommand : kDrainOutAllCommand,
+                           StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
+            isInput ? std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE)
+                    : std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+            std::make_pair(isInput ? kDrainInCommand : kDrainOutAllCommand,
+                           StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING)});
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kWriteDrainAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("WriteDrain"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeAsyncDrainCommands(false));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainInSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Drain"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeAsyncDrainCommands(true));
+
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainOutCommands(bool isSync) {
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
+            std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
+            std::make_pair(isSync ? TransitionTrigger(kGetStatusCommand)
+                                  : TransitionTrigger(kDrainReadyEvent),
+                           StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainOutSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Drain"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeDrainOutCommands(true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainOutAsyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Drain"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeDrainOutCommands(false));
+
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainOutPauseCommands(bool isSync) {
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isSync ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
+                                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+            std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
+            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
+            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isSync ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
+                                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED)});
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseOutSyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeDrainOutPauseCommands(true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseOutAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeDrainOutPauseCommands(false));
+
+// This sequence also verifies that the capture / presentation position is not reset on standby.
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeStandbyCommands(bool isInput, bool isSync) {
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kStandbyCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY),
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput || isSync
+                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, isInput || isSync
+                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
+            std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, isInput ? StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(isInput ? kGetStatusCommand : kStandbyCommand,  // no-op for input
+                           StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY),
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput || isSync
+                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING)});
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kStandbyInSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Standby"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeStandbyCommands(true, false));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kStandbyOutSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Standby"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeStandbyCommands(false, true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kStandbyOutAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Standby"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeStandbyCommands(false, false));
+
 static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseInSeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("Pause"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                               std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY)});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutSeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("Pause"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED)});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushInSeq =
-        std::make_pair(std::string("Flush"),
-                       std::vector<CommandAndState>{
-                               std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                               std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                               std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                               std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY)});
-static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushOutSeq = std::make_pair(
-        std::string("Flush"),
-        std::vector<CommandAndState>{std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
-                                     std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
-                                     std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
-                                     std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Pause"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY,
+                        std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
+                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
+                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
+                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
+                                std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY)}));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutSyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Pause"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC,
+                        std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
+                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
+                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
+                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
+                                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED),
+                                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE),
+                                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED)}));
+/* TODO: Figure out a better way for testing sync/async bursts
+static const NamedCommandSequence kPauseOutAsyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Pause"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs, StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC,
+        std::make_shared<StaticStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
+                std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+                std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
+                std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
+                std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED)}));
+*/
+
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeFlushCommands(bool isInput, bool isSync) {
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isInput || isSync
+                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, isInput || isSync
+                                                  ? StreamDescriptor::State::PAUSED
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFER_PAUSED),
+            std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, isInput ? StreamDescriptor::State::STANDBY
+                                                  : StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushInSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Flush"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::ANY, makeFlushCommands(true, false));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushOutSyncSeq = std::make_tuple(
+        std::string("Flush"), 0, StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeFlushCommands(false, true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kFlushOutAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("Flush"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeFlushCommands(false, false));
+
+std::shared_ptr<StateSequence> makeDrainPauseFlushOutCommands(bool isSync) {
+    return std::make_shared<SmartStateSequence>(std::vector<StateTransition>{
+            std::make_pair(kStartCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE),
+            std::make_pair(kBurstCommand, isSync ? StreamDescriptor::State::ACTIVE
+                                                 : StreamDescriptor::State::TRANSFERRING),
+            std::make_pair(kDrainOutAllCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAINING),
+            std::make_pair(kPauseCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::DRAIN_PAUSED),
+            std::make_pair(kFlushCommand, StreamDescriptor::State::IDLE)});
+}
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseFlushOutSyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPauseFlush"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::SYNC, makeDrainPauseFlushOutCommands(true));
+static const NamedCommandSequence kDrainPauseFlushOutAsyncSeq =
+        std::make_tuple(std::string("DrainPauseFlush"), kStreamTransientStateTransitionDelayMs,
+                        StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC, makeDrainPauseFlushOutCommands(false));
+
+// Note, this isn't the "official" enum printer, it is only used to make the test name suffix.
+std::string PrintStreamFilterToString(StreamTypeFilter filter) {
+    switch (filter) {
+        case StreamTypeFilter::ANY:
+            return "";
+        case StreamTypeFilter::SYNC:
+            return "Sync";
+        case StreamTypeFilter::ASYNC:
+            return "Async";
+    }
+    return std::string("Unknown").append(std::to_string(static_cast<int32_t>(filter)));
+}
 std::string GetStreamIoTestName(const testing::TestParamInfo<StreamIoTestParameters>& info) {
     return android::PrintInstanceNameToString(
                    testing::TestParamInfo<std::string>{std::get<PARAM_MODULE_NAME>(info.param),
                                                        info.index})
             .append("_")
-            .append(std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(info.param).first)
+            .append(std::get<NAMED_CMD_NAME>(std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(info.param)))
+            .append(PrintStreamFilterToString(
+                    std::get<NAMED_CMD_STREAM_TYPE>(std::get<PARAM_CMD_SEQ>(info.param))))
             .append("_SetupSeq")
             .append(std::get<PARAM_SETUP_SEQ>(info.param) ? "2" : "1");
 }
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         AudioStreamIoInTest, AudioStreamIoIn,
         testing::Combine(testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IModule::descriptor)),
-                         testing::Values(kReadOrWriteSeq, kDrainInSeq, kStandbySeq, kPauseInSeq,
+                         testing::Values(kReadSeq, kDrainInSeq, kStandbyInSeq, kPauseInSeq,
                                          kFlushInSeq),
                          testing::Values(false, true)),
         GetStreamIoTestName);
@@ -2079,8 +2539,13 @@
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         AudioStreamIoOutTest, AudioStreamIoOut,
         testing::Combine(testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IModule::descriptor)),
-                         testing::Values(kReadOrWriteSeq, kDrainOutSeq, kDrainPauseOutSeq,
-                                         kStandbySeq, kPauseOutSeq, kFlushOutSeq),
+                         testing::Values(kWriteSyncSeq, kWriteAsyncSeq, kWriteDrainAsyncSeq,
+                                         kDrainOutSyncSeq, kDrainPauseOutSyncSeq,
+                                         kDrainPauseOutAsyncSeq, kStandbyOutSyncSeq,
+                                         kStandbyOutAsyncSeq,
+                                         kPauseOutSyncSeq,  // kPauseOutAsyncSeq,
+                                         kFlushOutSyncSeq, kFlushOutAsyncSeq,
+                                         kDrainPauseFlushOutSyncSeq, kDrainPauseFlushOutAsyncSeq),
                          testing::Values(false, true)),
         GetStreamIoTestName);
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(AudioStreamIoOut);
@@ -2095,7 +2560,6 @@
     void OnTestStart(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) override {
         TraceTestState("Started", test_info);
     }
-
     void OnTestEnd(const ::testing::TestInfo& test_info) override {
         TraceTestState("Completed", test_info);
     }
@@ -2109,6 +2573,7 @@
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->listeners().Append(new TestExecutionTracer());
+    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::DEBUG);
     ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
     ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
     return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
diff --git a/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc b/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc
index 45fef9a..f859f21 100644
--- a/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc
+++ b/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
     # media gid needed for /dev/fm (radio) and for /data/misc/media (tee)
     group audio camera drmrpc inet media mediadrm net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct wakelock context_hub
     capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND
+    # setting RLIMIT_RTPRIO allows binder RT priority inheritance
+    rlimit rtprio 10 10
     ioprio rt 4
     task_profiles ProcessCapacityHigh HighPerformance
     onrestart restart audioserver
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h
index 0ca6a58..98e49a2 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.h
@@ -1274,6 +1274,8 @@
         if (!xsd::isTelephonyDevice(address.deviceType)) {
             metadata.source = toString(xsd::AudioSource::AUDIO_SOURCE_UNPROCESSED);
             metadata.channelMask = getConfig().base.channelMask;
+        } else {
+            address.deviceType = toString(xsd::AudioDevice::AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_DEFAULT);
         }
 #if MAJOR_VERSION == 7 && MINOR_VERSION >= 1
         auto flagsIt = std::find(flags.begin(), flags.end(),
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/README.md b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/README.md
index 28035de..6bc1829 100644
--- a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/README.md
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/README.md
@@ -79,6 +79,8 @@
 
 * `make -j TestWakeupClientServer`
 
+* `make -j ApPowerControlLib`
+
 ## How to push the test wakeup client to a TCU which runs Android.
 
 * Make the target device writable:
@@ -97,6 +99,8 @@
 
 * `adb push vendor/bin/TestWakeupClientServer /vendor/bin`
 
+* `adb push vendor/lib/ApPowerControlLib.so /vendor/lib`
+
 * `adb shell`
 
 * `su`
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/Android.bp b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/Android.bp
index e978c8c..152b528 100644
--- a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/Android.bp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
         "libutils",
         "libgrpc++",
         "libprotobuf-cpp-full",
+        "//hardware/interfaces/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib:ApPowerControlLib",
     ],
     whole_static_libs: [
         "wakeup_client_protos",
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/include/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.h b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/include/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.h
index 12bd93b..6b86b35 100644
--- a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/include/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.h
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/include/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.h
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
     // A variable to notify server is stopping.
     std::condition_variable mServerStoppedCv;
     // Whether wakeup AP is required for executing tasks.
-    std::atomic<bool> mWakeupRequired = false;
+    std::atomic<bool> mWakeupRequired = true;
     std::mutex mLock;
     bool mServerStopped GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.cpp b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.cpp
index 795265f..7dcd31e 100644
--- a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.cpp
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "TestWakeupClientServiceImpl.h"
 
+#include "ApPowerControl.h"
+
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <utils/Looper.h>
@@ -245,8 +247,7 @@
 }
 
 void TestWakeupClientServiceImpl::wakeupApplicationProcessor() {
-    printf("Waking up application processor...\n");
-    // TODO(b/254547153): Send can bus message using socket CAN once we know what the message is.
+    wakeupAp();
 }
 
 }  // namespace remoteaccess
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/main.cpp b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/main.cpp
index 52698b5..d3f519c 100644
--- a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/main.cpp
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/impl/src/main.cpp
@@ -28,20 +28,23 @@
 using ::grpc::ServerBuilder;
 using ::grpc::ServerWriter;
 
-void RunServer() {
-    std::string serverAddress(GRPC_SERVICE_ADDRESS);
+void RunServer(const std::string& serviceAddr) {
     std::shared_ptr<TestWakeupClientServiceImpl> service =
             std::make_unique<TestWakeupClientServiceImpl>();
 
     ServerBuilder builder;
-    builder.AddListeningPort(serverAddress, grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
+    builder.AddListeningPort(serviceAddr, grpc::InsecureServerCredentials());
     builder.RegisterService(service.get());
     std::unique_ptr<Server> server(builder.BuildAndStart());
-    printf("Test Remote Access GRPC Server listening on %s\n", serverAddress.c_str());
+    printf("Test Remote Access GRPC Server listening on %s\n", serviceAddr.c_str());
     server->Wait();
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    RunServer();
+    std::string serviceAddr = GRPC_SERVICE_ADDRESS;
+    if (argc > 1) {
+        serviceAddr = argv[1];
+    }
+    RunServer(serviceAddr);
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/Android.bp b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e95f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+soong_namespace {}
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "ApPowerControlLib",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: ["*.cpp"],
+    local_include_dirs: ["."],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/ApPowerControl.cpp b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/ApPowerControl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..862fed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/ApPowerControl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "ApPowerControl.h"
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+void wakeupAp() {
+    printf("Waking up application processor...\n");
+}
diff --git a/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/ApPowerControl.h b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/ApPowerControl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9560576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/remoteaccess/test_grpc_server/lib/ApPowerControl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Wakeup application processor if not already waken up.
+void wakeupAp();
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
index 7c8e1f5..9e4f252 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
@@ -1632,10 +1632,8 @@
      *
      * The Android properties are:
      *
-     * int32Values[0] : Input code identifying the function representing this event. Valid event
-     *                  types are defined by CustomInputType.CUSTOM_EVENT_F1 up to
-     *                  CustomInputType.CUSTOM_EVENT_F10. They represent the custom event to be
-     *                  defined by OEM partners.
+     * int32Values[0] : Input code identifying the function representing this event. OEMs are free
+     *                  to use any signed 32 bits number to represent the input code value.
      * int32Values[1] : target display type defined in VehicleDisplay. Events not tied to specific
      *                  display must be sent to VehicleDisplay#MAIN.
      * int32Values[2] : repeat counter, if 0 then event is not repeated. Values 1 or above means
@@ -5326,10 +5324,11 @@
  */
 enum CustomInputType : int32_t {
     /**
-     * Ten functions representing the custom input code to be defined and implemented by OEM
-     * partners.
+     * Ten optional function codes to be used in case OEM don't need more than 10 input code values.
      *
-     * OEMs need to formally contact Android team if more than 10 functions are required.
+     * OEMs are free to use any signed 32 bits number to represent the input code value.
+     * The following function keys are only for convenience and any other integer values are
+     * also allowed.
      */
     CUSTOM_EVENT_F1 = 1001,
     CUSTOM_EVENT_F2 = 1002,
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
index 0bf0ed4..ab64e07 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.automotive.vehicle/current/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
@@ -156,7 +156,11 @@
   SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_POS = 356518809,
   SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_MOVE = 356518810,
   SEAT_EASY_ACCESS_ENABLED = 354421661,
+  SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED = 354421662,
   SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS = 356518815,
+  SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE = 356518816,
+  SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS = 356518817,
+  SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE = 356518818,
   SEAT_OCCUPANCY = 356518832,
   WINDOW_POS = 322964416,
   WINDOW_MOVE = 322964417,
@@ -220,4 +224,5 @@
   VEHICLE_CURB_WEIGHT = 289410886,
   GENERAL_SAFETY_REGULATION_COMPLIANCE_REQUIREMENT = 289410887,
   SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS = 289476424,
+  SHUTDOWN_REQUEST = 289410889,
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
index 8f00dca..baca8ab 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/VehicleProperty.aidl
@@ -97,8 +97,12 @@
     INFO_FUEL_TYPE = 0x0105 + 0x10000000 + 0x01000000
             + 0x00410000, // VehiclePropertyGroup:SYSTEM,VehicleArea:GLOBAL,VehiclePropertyType:INT32_VEC
     /**
-     * Battery capacity of the vehicle, if EV or hybrid.  This is the nominal
-     * battery capacity when the vehicle is new.
+     * Nominal battery capacity for EV or hybrid vehicle
+     *
+     * Returns the nominal battery capacity, if EV or hybrid. This is the battery capacity when the
+     * vehicle is new. This value might be different from EV_CURRENT_BATTERY_CAPACITY because
+     * EV_CURRENT_BATTERY_CAPACITY returns the real-time battery capacity taking into account
+     * factors such as battery aging and temperature dependency.
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ
@@ -1150,7 +1154,7 @@
      * It is assumed that AP's power state is controlled by a separate power
      * controller.
      *
-     * For configuration information, VehiclePropConfig.configArray can have bit flag combining
+     * For configuration information, VehiclePropConfig.configArray must have bit flag combining
      * values in VehicleApPowerStateConfigFlag.
      *
      *   int32Values[0] : VehicleApPowerStateReq enum value
@@ -1733,6 +1737,22 @@
     SEAT_EASY_ACCESS_ENABLED =
             0x0B9D + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.SEAT + VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN,
     /**
+     * Represents feature to enable/disable a seat's ability to deploy airbag(s) when triggered
+     * (e.g. by a crash).
+     *
+     * If true, it means the seat's airbags are enabled, and if triggered (e.g. by a crash), they
+     * will deploy. If false, it means the seat's airbags are disabled, and they will not deploy
+     * under any circumstance. This property does not indicate if the airbags are deployed or not.
+     *
+     * This property can be set to VehiclePropertyAccess.READ read only for the sake of regulation
+     * or safety concerns.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
+     */
+    SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED =
+            0x0B9E + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.SEAT + VehiclePropertyType.BOOLEAN,
+    /**
      * Represents property for seat’s hipside (bottom cushion’s side) support position.
      *
      * The maxInt32Value and minInt32Value in VehicleAreaConfig must be defined. All integers
@@ -1749,6 +1769,62 @@
     SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS =
             0x0B9F + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.SEAT + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
     /**
+     * Represents property for movement direction and speed of seat cushion side support.
+     *
+     * The maxInt32Value and minInt32Value in VehicleAreaConfig must be defined. All integers
+     * between minInt32Value and maxInt32Value must be supported.
+     *
+     * maxInt32Value in default area's VehicleAreaConfig represents the maximum movement speed of
+     * the seat cushion side support in the growing wider direction (i.e. less support).
+     * minInt32Value in default area's VehicleAreaConfig represents the maximum movement speed of
+     * the seat cushion side support in the growing thinner direction (i.e. more support).
+     *
+     * Larger absolute values, either positive or negative, indicate a faster movement speed. Once
+     * the seat cushion side support reaches the positional limit, the value resets to 0.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
+     */
+    SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE =
+            0x0BA0 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.SEAT + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
+    /**
+     * Represents property for seat’s lumbar support vertical position.
+     *
+     * The maxInt32Value and minInt32Value in VehicleAreaConfig must be defined. All integers
+     * between minInt32Value and maxInt32Value are supported.
+     *
+     * maxInt32Value indicates the highest position.
+     * minInt32Value indicates the lowest position.
+     *
+     * This value is not in any particular unit but in a specified range of steps.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
+     */
+    SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS =
+            0x0BA1 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.SEAT + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
+    /**
+     * Represents property for vertical movement direction and speed of seat lumbar support.
+     *
+     * The maxInt32Value and minInt32Value in VehicleAreaConfig must be defined. All integers
+     * between minInt32Value and maxInt32Value must be supported.
+     *
+     * maxInt32Value in default area's VehicleAreaConfig indicates the lumbar support is moving at
+     * the fastest upward speed.
+     * minInt32Value in default area's VehicleAreaConfig indicates the lumbar support is moving at
+     * the fastest downward speed.
+     *
+     * Larger absolute values, either positive or negative, indicate a faster movement speed. Once
+     * the seat cushion side support reaches the positional limit, the value resets to 0.
+     *
+     * This value is not in any particular unit but in a specified range of steps.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE
+     */
+    SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE =
+            0x0BA2 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.SEAT + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
+    /**
      * Seat Occupancy
      *
      * Indicates whether a particular seat is occupied or not, to the best of the car's ability
@@ -3064,4 +3140,41 @@
      */
     SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS = 0x0F48 + 0x10000000 + 0x01000000
             + 0x00410000, // VehiclePropertyGroup:SYSTEM,VehicleArea:GLOBAL,VehiclePropertyType:INT32_VEC
+
+    /**
+     * Request the head unit to be shutdown.
+     *
+     * <p>This usually involves telling a separate system outside the head unit (e.g. a power
+     * controller) to prepare shutting down the head unit.
+     *
+     * <p>This does not mean the head unit will shutdown immediately.
+     *
+     * <p>This means that another system will start sending a shutdown signal to the head unit,
+     * which will cause VHAL to send SHUTDOWN_PREPARE message to Android. Android will then start
+     * the shut down process by handling the message.
+     *
+     * <p>This property is only for issuing a request and only supports writing. Every time this
+     * property value is set, the request to shutdown will be issued no matter what the current
+     * property value is. The current property value is meaningless.
+     *
+     * <p>Since this property is write-only, subscribing is not allowed and no property change
+     * event will be generated.
+     *
+     * <p>The value to set indicates the shutdown option, it must be one of
+     * {@code VehicleApPowerStateShutdownParam}, e.g.,
+     * VehicleApPowerStateShutdownParam.SLEEP_IMMEDIATELY. This shutdown option might not be honored
+     * if the system doesn't support such option. In such case, an error will not be returned.
+     *
+     * <p>For configuration information, VehiclePropConfig.configArray must have bit flag combining
+     * values in {@code VehicleApPowerStateConfigFlag} to indicate which shutdown options are
+     * supported.
+     *
+     * <p>Returns error if failed to send the shutdown request to the other system.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess.WRITE
+     * @data_enum VehicleApPowerStateShutdownParam
+     */
+    SHUTDOWN_REQUEST =
+            0x0F49 + VehiclePropertyGroup.SYSTEM + VehicleArea.GLOBAL + VehiclePropertyType.INT32,
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h
index 7f9551f..85ca474 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/AccessForVehicleProperty.h
@@ -156,7 +156,11 @@
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_EASY_ACCESS_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_OCCUPANCY, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::WINDOW_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
         {VehicleProperty::WINDOW_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE},
@@ -220,6 +224,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_CURB_WEIGHT, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::GENERAL_SAFETY_REGULATION_COMPLIANCE_REQUIREMENT, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
         {VehicleProperty::SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ},
+        {VehicleProperty::SHUTDOWN_REQUEST, VehiclePropertyAccess::WRITE},
 };
 
 }  // namespace vehicle
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h
index a875864..f95580a 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/cpp/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.h
@@ -156,7 +156,11 @@
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_EASY_ACCESS_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
+        {VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::SEAT_OCCUPANCY, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::WINDOW_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
         {VehicleProperty::WINDOW_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
@@ -220,6 +224,7 @@
         {VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_CURB_WEIGHT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC},
         {VehicleProperty::GENERAL_SAFETY_REGULATION_COMPLIANCE_REQUIREMENT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC},
         {VehicleProperty::SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::STATIC},
+        {VehicleProperty::SHUTDOWN_REQUEST, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE},
 };
 
 }  // namespace vehicle
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java
index 1586858..d0caed2 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/AccessForVehicleProperty.java
@@ -148,7 +148,11 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_EASY_ACCESS_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_OCCUPANCY, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.WINDOW_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.WINDOW_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ_WRITE),
@@ -211,7 +215,8 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.TRAILER_PRESENT, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_CURB_WEIGHT, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.GENERAL_SAFETY_REGULATION_COMPLIANCE_REQUIREMENT, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
-        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ)
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS, VehiclePropertyAccess.READ),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SHUTDOWN_REQUEST, VehiclePropertyAccess.WRITE)
     );
 
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java
index 6f1ebe3..96fe0a5 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/generated_lib/java/ChangeModeForVehicleProperty.java
@@ -148,7 +148,11 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_HEADREST_FORE_AFT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_EASY_ACCESS_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SEAT_OCCUPANCY, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.WINDOW_POS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.WINDOW_MOVE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
@@ -211,7 +215,8 @@
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.TRAILER_PRESENT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.VEHICLE_CURB_WEIGHT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC),
         Map.entry(VehicleProperty.GENERAL_SAFETY_REGULATION_COMPLIANCE_REQUIREMENT, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC),
-        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC)
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SUPPORTED_PROPERTY_IDS, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.STATIC),
+        Map.entry(VehicleProperty.SHUTDOWN_REQUEST, VehiclePropertyChangeMode.ON_CHANGE)
     );
 
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
index 7f2d8b2..bd80ad5 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
@@ -1052,6 +1052,22 @@
             ]
         },
         {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    1
+                ]
+            },
+            "areas": [
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_LEFT"
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_RIGHT"
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS",
             "defaultValue": {
                 "int32Values": [
@@ -1087,6 +1103,111 @@
             ]
         },
         {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    0
+                ]
+            },
+            "areas": [
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_CENTER",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    0
+                ]
+            },
+            "areas": [
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -10,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 10
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -10,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 10
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -10,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 10
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -10,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 10
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_CENTER",
+                    "minInt32Value": -10,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 10
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE",
+            "defaultValue": {
+                "int32Values": [
+                    0
+                ]
+            },
+            "areas": [
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_LEFT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_RIGHT",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                },
+                {
+                    "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_CENTER",
+                    "minInt32Value": -1,
+                    "maxInt32Value": 1
+                }
+            ]
+        },
+        {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::SEAT_OCCUPANCY",
             "areas": [
                 {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp
index d87e5aa..736ecaa 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/src/FakeVehicleHardware.cpp
@@ -320,7 +320,11 @@
     if (updatedValue != nullptr) {
         ALOGI("onSetProperty(): updating property returned by HAL: %s",
               updatedValue->toString().c_str());
-        if (auto writeResult = mServerSidePropStore->writeValue(std::move(result.value()));
+        // Update timestamp otherwise writeValue might fail because the timestamp is outdated.
+        updatedValue->timestamp = elapsedRealtimeNano();
+        if (auto writeResult = mServerSidePropStore->writeValue(
+                    std::move(result.value()),
+                    /*updateStatus=*/true, VehiclePropertyStore::EventMode::ALWAYS);
             !writeResult.ok()) {
             return StatusError(getErrorCode(writeResult))
                    << "failed to write value into property store, error: "
@@ -623,11 +627,7 @@
     } else if (EqualsIgnoreCase(option, "--inject-event")) {
         result.buffer = dumpInjectEvent(options);
     } else if (EqualsIgnoreCase(option, kUserHalDumpOption)) {
-        if (options.size() == 1) {
-            result.buffer = mFakeUserHal->showDumpHelp();
-        } else {
-            result.buffer = mFakeUserHal->dump(options[1]);
-        }
+        result.buffer = mFakeUserHal->dump();
     } else if (EqualsIgnoreCase(option, "--genfakedata")) {
         result.buffer = genFakeDataCommand(options);
     } else {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
index c230c51..0184462 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
@@ -1223,6 +1223,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
 
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
+    // The returned event will have area ID 0.
+    valueToSet.areaId = 0;
     ASSERT_EQ(events[0], valueToSet);
 
     // Try to get switch_user again, should return default value.
@@ -1277,6 +1279,8 @@
     auto events = getChangedProperties();
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
+    // The returned event will have area ID 0.
+    valueToSet.areaId = 0;
     EXPECT_EQ(events[0], valueToSet);
 
     // Try to get create_user again, should return default value.
@@ -1330,7 +1334,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(events.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
     events[0].timestamp = 0;
     EXPECT_EQ(events[0], (VehiclePropValue{
-                                 .areaId = 1,
+                                 .areaId = 0,
                                  .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INITIAL_USER_INFO),
                                  .value.int32Values = {3, 1, 11},
                          }));
@@ -1516,26 +1520,16 @@
     ASSERT_THAT(result.buffer, ContainsRegex("Invalid option: --invalid"));
 }
 
-TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, testDumpFakeUserHalHelp) {
-    std::vector<std::string> options;
-    options.push_back("--user-hal");
-
-    DumpResult result = getHardware()->dump(options);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(result.callerShouldDumpState);
-    ASSERT_NE(result.buffer, "");
-    ASSERT_THAT(result.buffer, ContainsRegex("dumps state used for user management"));
-}
-
 TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, testDumpFakeUserHal) {
     std::vector<std::string> options;
     options.push_back("--user-hal");
-    // Indent: " ".
-    options.push_back(" ");
 
     DumpResult result = getHardware()->dump(options);
     ASSERT_FALSE(result.callerShouldDumpState);
     ASSERT_NE(result.buffer, "");
-    ASSERT_THAT(result.buffer, ContainsRegex(" No InitialUserInfo response\n"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(result.buffer,
+                ContainsRegex("No InitialUserInfo response\nNo SwitchUser response\nNo CreateUser "
+                              "response\nNo SetUserIdentificationAssociation response\n"));
 }
 
 struct SetPropTestCase {
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/include/FakeUserHal.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/include/FakeUserHal.h
index 4ae9c8c..fcbe8fd 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/include/FakeUserHal.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/include/FakeUserHal.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     std::string showDumpHelp() const;
 
     // Dump its contents.
-    std::string dump(std::string indent) const;
+    std::string dump() const;
 
   private:
     const std::shared_ptr<VehiclePropValuePool> mValuePool;
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/src/FakeUserHal.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/src/FakeUserHal.cpp
index 7748fb6..878c2e7 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/src/FakeUserHal.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/fake_impl/userhal/src/FakeUserHal.cpp
@@ -328,6 +328,9 @@
                    << "invalid action on lshal response: " << response->toString();
     }
 
+    // Update area ID to 0 since this is a global property (and the area ID was only set to emulate
+    // the request id behavior).
+    response->areaId = 0;
     ALOGD("updating property to: %s", response->toString().c_str());
     return response;
 }
@@ -336,33 +339,31 @@
     return fmt::format("{}: dumps state used for user management\n", kUserHalDumpOption);
 }
 
-std::string FakeUserHal::dump(std::string indent) const {
+std::string FakeUserHal::dump() const {
     std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
 
     std::string info;
     if (mInitialUserResponseFromCmd != nullptr) {
-        info += fmt::format("{}InitialUserInfo response: {}\n", indent,
+        info += fmt::format("InitialUserInfo response: {}\n",
                             mInitialUserResponseFromCmd->toString());
     } else {
-        info += fmt::format("{}No InitialUserInfo response\n", indent);
+        info += "No InitialUserInfo response\n";
     }
     if (mSwitchUserResponseFromCmd != nullptr) {
-        info += fmt::format("{}SwitchUser response: {}\n", indent,
-                            mSwitchUserResponseFromCmd->toString());
+        info += fmt::format("SwitchUser response: {}\n", mSwitchUserResponseFromCmd->toString());
     } else {
-        info += fmt::format("{}No SwitchUser response\n", indent);
+        info += "No SwitchUser response\n";
     }
     if (mCreateUserResponseFromCmd != nullptr) {
-        info += fmt::format("{}CreateUser response: {}\n", indent,
-                            mCreateUserResponseFromCmd->toString());
+        info += fmt::format("CreateUser response: {}\n", mCreateUserResponseFromCmd->toString());
     } else {
-        info += fmt::format("{}No CreateUser response\n", indent);
+        info += "No CreateUser response\n";
     }
     if (mSetUserIdentificationAssociationResponseFromCmd != nullptr) {
-        info += fmt::format("{}SetUserIdentificationAssociation response: {}\n", indent,
+        info += fmt::format("SetUserIdentificationAssociation response: {}\n",
                             mSetUserIdentificationAssociationResponseFromCmd->toString());
     } else {
-        info += fmt::format("{}No SetUserIdentificationAssociation response\n", indent);
+        info += "No SetUserIdentificationAssociation response\n";
     }
     return info;
 }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
index d447bf8..62e9dc8 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/vhal/src/DefaultVehicleHal.cpp
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@
     DumpResult result = mVehicleHardware->dump(options);
     dprintf(fd, "%s", (result.buffer + "\n").c_str());
     if (!result.callerShouldDumpState) {
-        dprintf(fd, "Skip dumping Vehicle HAL State.\n");
+        ALOGE("Skip dumping Vehicle HAL State.");
         return STATUS_OK;
     }
     dprintf(fd, "Vehicle HAL State: \n");
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp
index 11db8e0..7eefe2a 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/vts/src/VtsHalAutomotiveVehicle_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -547,12 +547,36 @@
                    VehicleArea::SEAT, VehiclePropertyType::BOOLEAN);
 }
 
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifySeatAirbagEnabledConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::SEAT_AIRBAG_ENABLED, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::SEAT, VehiclePropertyType::BOOLEAN);
+}
+
 TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifySeatCushionSideSupportPosConfig) {
     verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_POS,
                    VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
                    VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM, VehicleArea::SEAT, VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
 }
 
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifySeatCushionSideSupportMoveConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::SEAT_CUSHION_SIDE_SUPPORT_MOVE,
+                   VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE, VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE,
+                   VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM, VehicleArea::SEAT, VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifySeatLumbarVerticalPosConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_POS, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::SEAT, VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VtsHalAutomotiveVehicleTargetTest, verifySeatLumbarVerticalMoveConfig) {
+    verifyProperty(VehicleProperty::SEAT_LUMBAR_VERTICAL_MOVE, VehiclePropertyAccess::READ_WRITE,
+                   VehiclePropertyChangeMode::ON_CHANGE, VehiclePropertyGroup::SYSTEM,
+                   VehicleArea::SEAT, VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+}
+
 std::vector<ServiceDescriptor> getDescriptors() {
     std::vector<ServiceDescriptor> descriptors;
     for (std::string name : getAidlHalInstanceNames(IVehicle::descriptor)) {
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/OWNERS b/biometrics/OWNERS
similarity index 100%
rename from biometrics/fingerprint/aidl/OWNERS
rename to biometrics/OWNERS
diff --git a/biometrics/common/aidl/OWNERS b/biometrics/common/aidl/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 36d7261..0000000
--- a/biometrics/common/aidl/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-ilyamaty@google.com
-kchyn@google.com
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 7651b69..0000000
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 432605
-ilyamaty@google.com
diff --git a/biometrics/face/aidl/OWNERS b/biometrics/face/aidl/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 36d7261..0000000
--- a/biometrics/face/aidl/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-ilyamaty@google.com
-kchyn@google.com
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/OWNERS b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 0014ce9..0000000
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.1/vts/functional/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 114777
-ilyamaty@google.com
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/OWNERS b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index 0014ce9..0000000
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Bug component: 114777
-ilyamaty@google.com
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/Android.bp b/camera/common/default/Android.bp
similarity index 78%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/Android.bp
rename to camera/common/default/Android.bp
index 4a5ca83..e8c8f9d 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/common/default/Android.bp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 }
 
 cc_library_static {
-    name: "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+    name: "android.hardware.camera.common-helper",
     vendor_available: true,
     defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
     srcs: [
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
         "VendorTagDescriptor.cpp",
         "HandleImporter.cpp",
         "Exif.cpp",
+        "SimpleThread.cpp",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
@@ -37,3 +38,11 @@
     include_dirs: ["system/media/private/camera/include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
+
+// NOTE: Deprecated module kept for compatibility reasons.
+// Depend on "android.hardware.camera.common-helper" instead
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    whole_static_libs: ["android.hardware.camera.common-helper"],
+}
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp b/camera/common/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
similarity index 74%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
rename to camera/common/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
index eb1bd1c..ed56261 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
@@ -27,44 +27,36 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
-#define ALIGN_TO(val, alignment) \
-    (((uintptr_t)(val) + ((alignment) - 1)) & ~((alignment) - 1))
+#define ALIGN_TO(val, alignment) (((uintptr_t)(val) + ((alignment)-1)) & ~((alignment)-1))
 
-CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata() :
-        mBuffer(NULL), mLocked(false) {
-}
+CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata() : mBuffer(NULL), mLocked(false) {}
 
-CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata(size_t entryCapacity, size_t dataCapacity) :
-        mLocked(false)
-{
+CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata(size_t entryCapacity, size_t dataCapacity) : mLocked(false) {
     mBuffer = allocate_camera_metadata(entryCapacity, dataCapacity);
 }
 
-CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata(const CameraMetadata &other) :
-        mLocked(false) {
+CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata(const CameraMetadata& other) : mLocked(false) {
     mBuffer = clone_camera_metadata(other.mBuffer);
 }
 
-CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata(camera_metadata_t *buffer) :
-        mBuffer(NULL), mLocked(false) {
+CameraMetadata::CameraMetadata(camera_metadata_t* buffer) : mBuffer(NULL), mLocked(false) {
     acquire(buffer);
 }
 
-CameraMetadata &CameraMetadata::operator=(const CameraMetadata &other) {
+CameraMetadata& CameraMetadata::operator=(const CameraMetadata& other) {
     return operator=(other.mBuffer);
 }
 
-CameraMetadata &CameraMetadata::operator=(const camera_metadata_t *buffer) {
+CameraMetadata& CameraMetadata::operator=(const camera_metadata_t* buffer) {
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: Assignment to a locked CameraMetadata!", __FUNCTION__);
         return *this;
     }
 
     if (CC_LIKELY(buffer != mBuffer)) {
-        camera_metadata_t *newBuffer = clone_camera_metadata(buffer);
+        camera_metadata_t* newBuffer = clone_camera_metadata(buffer);
         clear();
         mBuffer = newBuffer;
     }
@@ -81,14 +73,13 @@
     return mBuffer;
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::unlock(const camera_metadata_t *buffer) const {
+status_t CameraMetadata::unlock(const camera_metadata_t* buffer) const {
     if (!mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: Can't unlock a non-locked CameraMetadata!", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
     if (buffer != mBuffer) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Can't unlock CameraMetadata with wrong pointer!",
-                __FUNCTION__);
+        ALOGE("%s: Can't unlock CameraMetadata with wrong pointer!", __FUNCTION__);
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
     mLocked = false;
@@ -100,7 +91,7 @@
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return NULL;
     }
-    camera_metadata_t *released = mBuffer;
+    camera_metadata_t* released = mBuffer;
     mBuffer = NULL;
     return released;
 }
@@ -116,7 +107,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void CameraMetadata::acquire(camera_metadata_t *buffer) {
+void CameraMetadata::acquire(camera_metadata_t* buffer) {
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return;
@@ -124,12 +115,11 @@
     clear();
     mBuffer = buffer;
 
-    ALOGE_IF(validate_camera_metadata_structure(mBuffer, /*size*/NULL) != OK,
-             "%s: Failed to validate metadata structure %p",
-             __FUNCTION__, buffer);
+    ALOGE_IF(validate_camera_metadata_structure(mBuffer, /*size*/ NULL) != OK,
+             "%s: Failed to validate metadata structure %p", __FUNCTION__, buffer);
 }
 
-void CameraMetadata::acquire(CameraMetadata &other) {
+void CameraMetadata::acquire(CameraMetadata& other) {
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return;
@@ -137,7 +127,7 @@
     acquire(other.release());
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::append(const CameraMetadata &other) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::append(const CameraMetadata& other) {
     return append(other.mBuffer);
 }
 
@@ -154,8 +144,7 @@
 }
 
 size_t CameraMetadata::entryCount() const {
-    return (mBuffer == NULL) ? 0 :
-            get_camera_metadata_entry_count(mBuffer);
+    return (mBuffer == NULL) ? 0 : get_camera_metadata_entry_count(mBuffer);
 }
 
 bool CameraMetadata::isEmpty() const {
@@ -172,11 +161,11 @@
 
 status_t CameraMetadata::checkType(uint32_t tag, uint8_t expectedType) {
     int tagType = get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag, mBuffer);
-    if ( CC_UNLIKELY(tagType == -1)) {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(tagType == -1)) {
         ALOGE("Update metadata entry: Unknown tag %d", tag);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( CC_UNLIKELY(tagType != expectedType) ) {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(tagType != expectedType)) {
         ALOGE("Mismatched tag type when updating entry %s (%d) of type %s; "
               "got type %s data instead ",
               get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag, mBuffer), tag,
@@ -186,112 +175,105 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const int32_t *data, size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const int32_t* data, size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_INT32)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_INT32)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)data, data_count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const uint8_t *data, size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const uint8_t* data, size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_BYTE)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_BYTE)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)data, data_count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const float *data, size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const float* data, size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_FLOAT)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_FLOAT)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)data, data_count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const int64_t *data, size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const int64_t* data, size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_INT64)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_INT64)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)data, data_count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const double *data, size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const double* data, size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_DOUBLE)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_DOUBLE)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)data, data_count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const camera_metadata_rational_t *data, size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const camera_metadata_rational_t* data,
+                                size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_RATIONAL)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_RATIONAL)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)data, data_count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag,
-        const String8 &string) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(uint32_t tag, const String8& string) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(tag, TYPE_BYTE)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(tag, TYPE_BYTE)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     // string.size() doesn't count the null termination character.
     return updateImpl(tag, (const void*)string.string(), string.size() + 1);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::update(const camera_metadata_ro_entry &entry) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::update(const camera_metadata_ro_entry& entry) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    if ( (res = checkType(entry.tag, entry.type)) != OK) {
+    if ((res = checkType(entry.tag, entry.type)) != OK) {
         return res;
     }
     return updateImpl(entry.tag, (const void*)entry.data.u8, entry.count);
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::updateImpl(uint32_t tag, const void *data,
-        size_t data_count) {
+status_t CameraMetadata::updateImpl(uint32_t tag, const void* data, size_t data_count) {
     status_t res;
     if (mLocked) {
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -308,13 +290,11 @@
     uintptr_t bufAddr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(mBuffer);
     uintptr_t dataAddr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(data);
     if (dataAddr > bufAddr && dataAddr < (bufAddr + bufferSize)) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Update attempted with data from the same metadata buffer!",
-                __FUNCTION__);
+        ALOGE("%s: Update attempted with data from the same metadata buffer!", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
 
-    size_t data_size = calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(type,
-            data_count);
+    size_t data_size = calculate_camera_metadata_entry_data_size(type, data_count);
 
     res = resizeIfNeeded(1, data_size);
 
@@ -322,11 +302,9 @@
         camera_metadata_entry_t entry;
         res = find_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer, tag, &entry);
         if (res == NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
-            res = add_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer,
-                    tag, data, data_count);
+            res = add_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer, tag, data, data_count);
         } else if (res == OK) {
-            res = update_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer,
-                    entry.index, data, data_count, NULL);
+            res = update_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer, entry.index, data, data_count, NULL);
         }
     }
 
@@ -337,11 +315,10 @@
     }
 
     IF_ALOGV() {
-        ALOGE_IF(validate_camera_metadata_structure(mBuffer, /*size*/NULL) !=
-                 OK,
+        ALOGE_IF(validate_camera_metadata_structure(mBuffer, /*size*/ NULL) != OK,
 
-                 "%s: Failed to validate metadata structure after update %p",
-                 __FUNCTION__, mBuffer);
+                 "%s: Failed to validate metadata structure after update %p", __FUNCTION__,
+                 mBuffer);
     }
 
     return res;
@@ -361,7 +338,7 @@
         return entry;
     }
     res = find_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer, tag, &entry);
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY( res != OK )) {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(res != OK)) {
         entry.count = 0;
         entry.data.u8 = NULL;
     }
@@ -372,7 +349,7 @@
     status_t res;
     camera_metadata_ro_entry entry;
     res = find_camera_metadata_ro_entry(mBuffer, tag, &entry);
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY( res != OK )) {
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(res != OK)) {
         entry.count = 0;
         entry.data.u8 = NULL;
     }
@@ -418,23 +395,17 @@
     } else {
         size_t currentEntryCount = get_camera_metadata_entry_count(mBuffer);
         size_t currentEntryCap = get_camera_metadata_entry_capacity(mBuffer);
-        size_t newEntryCount = currentEntryCount +
-                extraEntries;
-        newEntryCount = (newEntryCount > currentEntryCap) ?
-                newEntryCount * 2 : currentEntryCap;
+        size_t newEntryCount = currentEntryCount + extraEntries;
+        newEntryCount = (newEntryCount > currentEntryCap) ? newEntryCount * 2 : currentEntryCap;
 
         size_t currentDataCount = get_camera_metadata_data_count(mBuffer);
         size_t currentDataCap = get_camera_metadata_data_capacity(mBuffer);
-        size_t newDataCount = currentDataCount +
-                extraData;
-        newDataCount = (newDataCount > currentDataCap) ?
-                newDataCount * 2 : currentDataCap;
+        size_t newDataCount = currentDataCount + extraData;
+        newDataCount = (newDataCount > currentDataCap) ? newDataCount * 2 : currentDataCap;
 
-        if (newEntryCount > currentEntryCap ||
-                newDataCount > currentDataCap) {
-            camera_metadata_t *oldBuffer = mBuffer;
-            mBuffer = allocate_camera_metadata(newEntryCount,
-                    newDataCount);
+        if (newEntryCount > currentEntryCap || newDataCount > currentDataCap) {
+            camera_metadata_t* oldBuffer = mBuffer;
+            mBuffer = allocate_camera_metadata(newEntryCount, newDataCount);
             if (mBuffer == NULL) {
                 ALOGE("%s: Can't allocate larger metadata buffer", __FUNCTION__);
                 return NO_MEMORY;
@@ -462,14 +433,13 @@
     mBuffer = otherBuf;
 }
 
-status_t CameraMetadata::getTagFromName(const char *name,
-        const VendorTagDescriptor* vTags, uint32_t *tag) {
-
+status_t CameraMetadata::getTagFromName(const char* name, const VendorTagDescriptor* vTags,
+                                        uint32_t* tag) {
     if (name == nullptr || tag == nullptr) return BAD_VALUE;
 
     size_t nameLength = strlen(name);
 
-    const SortedVector<String8> *vendorSections;
+    const SortedVector<String8>* vendorSections;
     size_t vendorSectionCount = 0;
 
     if (vTags != NULL) {
@@ -478,18 +448,18 @@
     }
 
     // First, find the section by the longest string match
-    const char *section = NULL;
+    const char* section = NULL;
     size_t sectionIndex = 0;
     size_t sectionLength = 0;
     size_t totalSectionCount = ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT + vendorSectionCount;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < totalSectionCount; ++i) {
-
-        const char *str = (i < ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT) ? camera_metadata_section_names[i] :
-                (*vendorSections)[i - ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT].string();
+        const char* str = (i < ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT)
+                                  ? camera_metadata_section_names[i]
+                                  : (*vendorSections)[i - ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT].string();
 
         ALOGV("%s: Trying to match against section '%s'", __FUNCTION__, str);
 
-        if (strstr(name, str) == name) { // name begins with the section name
+        if (strstr(name, str) == name) {  // name begins with the section name
             size_t strLength = strlen(str);
 
             ALOGV("%s: Name begins with section name", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -508,12 +478,11 @@
     if (section == NULL) {
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     } else {
-        ALOGV("%s: Found matched section '%s' (%zu)",
-              __FUNCTION__, section, sectionIndex);
+        ALOGV("%s: Found matched section '%s' (%zu)", __FUNCTION__, section, sectionIndex);
     }
 
     // Get the tag name component of the name
-    const char *nameTagName = name + sectionLength + 1; // x.y.z -> z
+    const char* nameTagName = name + sectionLength + 1;  // x.y.z -> z
     if (sectionLength + 1 >= nameLength) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
@@ -522,16 +491,15 @@
     uint32_t candidateTag = 0;
     if (sectionIndex < ANDROID_SECTION_COUNT) {
         // Match built-in tags (typically android.*)
-        uint32_t tagBegin, tagEnd; // [tagBegin, tagEnd)
+        uint32_t tagBegin, tagEnd;  // [tagBegin, tagEnd)
         tagBegin = camera_metadata_section_bounds[sectionIndex][0];
         tagEnd = camera_metadata_section_bounds[sectionIndex][1];
 
         for (candidateTag = tagBegin; candidateTag < tagEnd; ++candidateTag) {
-            const char *tagName = get_camera_metadata_tag_name(candidateTag);
+            const char* tagName = get_camera_metadata_tag_name(candidateTag);
 
             if (strcmp(nameTagName, tagName) == 0) {
-                ALOGV("%s: Found matched tag '%s' (%d)",
-                      __FUNCTION__, tagName, candidateTag);
+                ALOGV("%s: Found matched tag '%s' (%d)", __FUNCTION__, tagName, candidateTag);
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -554,10 +522,8 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraModule.cpp b/camera/common/default/CameraModule.cpp
similarity index 84%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/CameraModule.cpp
rename to camera/common/default/CameraModule.cpp
index 16fb85c..9960842 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraModule.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/default/CameraModule.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "CamComm1.0-CamModule"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_CAMERA
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
@@ -26,11 +26,9 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
-void CameraModule::deriveCameraCharacteristicsKeys(
-        uint32_t deviceVersion, CameraMetadata &chars) {
+void CameraModule::deriveCameraCharacteristicsKeys(uint32_t deviceVersion, CameraMetadata& chars) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
 
     Vector<int32_t> derivedCharKeys;
@@ -40,9 +38,9 @@
     if (deviceVersion < CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_3) {
         Vector<uint8_t> controlModes;
         uint8_t data = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE_TRUE;
-        chars.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &data, /*count*/1);
+        chars.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &data, /*count*/ 1);
         data = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE_TRUE;
-        chars.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &data, /*count*/1);
+        chars.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &data, /*count*/ 1);
         controlModes.push(ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_AUTO);
         camera_metadata_entry entry = chars.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_SCENE_MODES);
         if (entry.count > 1 || entry.data.u8[0] != ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE_DISABLED) {
@@ -121,14 +119,14 @@
         if (entry.count > 0) {
             Vector<int32_t> highSpeedConfig;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.count; i += 4) {
-                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i]); // width
-                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i + 1]); // height
-                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i + 2]); // fps_min
-                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i + 3]); // fps_max
-                highSpeedConfig.add(1); // batchSize_max. default to 1 for HAL3.2
+                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i]);      // width
+                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i + 1]);  // height
+                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i + 2]);  // fps_min
+                highSpeedConfig.add(entry.data.i32[i + 3]);  // fps_max
+                highSpeedConfig.add(1);  // batchSize_max. default to 1 for HAL3.2
             }
             chars.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_HIGH_SPEED_VIDEO_CONFIGURATIONS,
-                    highSpeedConfig);
+                         highSpeedConfig);
         }
     }
 
@@ -145,25 +143,23 @@
         const int STREAM_IS_INPUT_OFFSET = 3;
         Vector<int32_t> rawOpaqueSizes;
 
-        for (size_t i=0; i < entry.count; i += STREAM_CONFIGURATION_SIZE) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.count; i += STREAM_CONFIGURATION_SIZE) {
             int32_t format = entry.data.i32[i + STREAM_FORMAT_OFFSET];
             int32_t width = entry.data.i32[i + STREAM_WIDTH_OFFSET];
             int32_t height = entry.data.i32[i + STREAM_HEIGHT_OFFSET];
             int32_t isInput = entry.data.i32[i + STREAM_IS_INPUT_OFFSET];
             if (isInput == ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT &&
-                    format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_OPAQUE) {
+                format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_OPAQUE) {
                 supportRawOpaque = true;
                 rawOpaqueSizes.push(width);
                 rawOpaqueSizes.push(height);
                 // 2 bytes per pixel. This rough estimation is only used when
                 // HAL does not fill in the opaque raw size
-                rawOpaqueSizes.push(width * height *2);
+                rawOpaqueSizes.push(width * height * 2);
             }
             if (isInput == ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT &&
-                    (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16 ||
-                     format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW10 ||
-                     format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW12 ||
-                     format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_OPAQUE)) {
+                (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16 || format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW10 ||
+                 format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW12 || format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_OPAQUE)) {
                 supportAnyRaw = true;
             }
         }
@@ -183,9 +179,7 @@
             entry = chars.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_POST_RAW_SENSITIVITY_BOOST_RANGE);
             if (entry.count == 0) {
                 // Fill in default value (100, 100)
-                chars.update(
-                        ANDROID_CONTROL_POST_RAW_SENSITIVITY_BOOST_RANGE,
-                        defaultRange, 2);
+                chars.update(ANDROID_CONTROL_POST_RAW_SENSITIVITY_BOOST_RANGE, defaultRange, 2);
                 derivedCharKeys.push(ANDROID_CONTROL_POST_RAW_SENSITIVITY_BOOST_RANGE);
                 // Actual request/results will be derived by camera device.
                 derivedRequestKeys.push(ANDROID_CONTROL_POST_RAW_SENSITIVITY_BOOST);
@@ -197,22 +191,19 @@
     // Add those newly added keys to AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS
     // This has to be done at this end of this function.
     if (derivedCharKeys.size() > 0) {
-        appendAvailableKeys(
-                chars, ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS, derivedCharKeys);
+        appendAvailableKeys(chars, ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS, derivedCharKeys);
     }
     if (derivedRequestKeys.size() > 0) {
-        appendAvailableKeys(
-                chars, ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS, derivedRequestKeys);
+        appendAvailableKeys(chars, ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS, derivedRequestKeys);
     }
     if (derivedResultKeys.size() > 0) {
-        appendAvailableKeys(
-                chars, ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_RESULT_KEYS, derivedResultKeys);
+        appendAvailableKeys(chars, ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_RESULT_KEYS, derivedResultKeys);
     }
     return;
 }
 
-void CameraModule::appendAvailableKeys(CameraMetadata &chars,
-        int32_t keyTag, const Vector<int32_t>& appendKeys) {
+void CameraModule::appendAvailableKeys(CameraMetadata& chars, int32_t keyTag,
+                                       const Vector<int32_t>& appendKeys) {
     camera_metadata_entry entry = chars.find(keyTag);
     Vector<int32_t> availableKeys;
     availableKeys.setCapacity(entry.count + appendKeys.size());
@@ -225,7 +216,7 @@
     chars.update(keyTag, availableKeys);
 }
 
-CameraModule::CameraModule(camera_module_t *module) : mNumberOfCameras(0) {
+CameraModule::CameraModule(camera_module_t* module) : mNumberOfCameras(0) {
     if (module == NULL) {
         ALOGE("%s: camera hardware module must not be null", __FUNCTION__);
         assert(0);
@@ -233,8 +224,7 @@
     mModule = module;
 }
 
-CameraModule::~CameraModule()
-{
+CameraModule::~CameraModule() {
     while (mCameraInfoMap.size() > 0) {
         camera_info cameraInfo = mCameraInfoMap.editValueAt(0);
         if (cameraInfo.static_camera_characteristics != NULL) {
@@ -256,8 +246,7 @@
 int CameraModule::init() {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     int res = OK;
-    if (getModuleApiVersion() >= CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_4 &&
-            mModule->init != NULL) {
+    if (getModuleApiVersion() >= CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_4 && mModule->init != NULL) {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->init");
         res = mModule->init();
         ATRACE_END();
@@ -267,7 +256,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-int CameraModule::getCameraInfo(int cameraId, struct camera_info *info) {
+int CameraModule::getCameraInfo(int cameraId, struct camera_info* info) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mCameraInfoLock);
     if (cameraId < 0) {
@@ -318,7 +307,7 @@
     return OK;
 }
 
-int CameraModule::getPhysicalCameraInfo(int physicalCameraId, camera_metadata_t **physicalInfo) {
+int CameraModule::getPhysicalCameraInfo(int physicalCameraId, camera_metadata_t** physicalInfo) {
     ATRACE_CALL();
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mCameraInfoLock);
     if (physicalCameraId < mNumberOfCameras) {
@@ -330,7 +319,7 @@
     int apiVersion = mModule->common.module_api_version;
     if (apiVersion < CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_5) {
         ALOGE("%s: Module version must be at least 2.5 to handle getPhysicalCameraInfo",
-                __FUNCTION__);
+              __FUNCTION__);
         return -ENODEV;
     }
     if (mModule->get_physical_camera_info == nullptr) {
@@ -341,7 +330,7 @@
     ssize_t index = mPhysicalCameraInfoMap.indexOfKey(physicalCameraId);
     if (index == NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
         // Get physical camera characteristics, and cache it
-        camera_metadata_t *info = nullptr;
+        camera_metadata_t* info = nullptr;
         ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->get_physical_camera_info");
         int ret = mModule->get_physical_camera_info(physicalCameraId, &info);
         ATRACE_END();
@@ -396,8 +385,7 @@
     return mModule->open_legacy != NULL;
 }
 
-int CameraModule::openLegacy(
-        const char* id, uint32_t halVersion, struct hw_device_t** device) {
+int CameraModule::openLegacy(const char* id, uint32_t halVersion, struct hw_device_t** device) {
     int res;
     ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->open_legacy");
     res = mModule->open_legacy(&mModule->common, id, halVersion, device);
@@ -413,7 +401,7 @@
     return numCameras;
 }
 
-int CameraModule::setCallbacks(const camera_module_callbacks_t *callbacks) {
+int CameraModule::setCallbacks(const camera_module_callbacks_t* callbacks) {
     int res = OK;
     ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->set_callbacks");
     if (getModuleApiVersion() >= CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_1) {
@@ -438,8 +426,7 @@
 bool CameraModule::isSetTorchModeSupported() const {
     if (getModuleApiVersion() >= CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_4) {
         if (mModule->set_torch_mode == NULL) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Module 2.4 device must support set torch API!",
-                    __FUNCTION__);
+            ALOGE("%s: Module 2.4 device must support set torch API!", __FUNCTION__);
             return false;
         }
         return true;
@@ -457,7 +444,7 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-int CameraModule::isStreamCombinationSupported(int cameraId, camera_stream_combination_t *streams) {
+int CameraModule::isStreamCombinationSupported(int cameraId, camera_stream_combination_t* streams) {
     int res = INVALID_OPERATION;
     if (mModule->is_stream_combination_supported != NULL) {
         ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->is_stream_combination_supported");
@@ -468,44 +455,41 @@
 }
 
 void CameraModule::notifyDeviceStateChange(uint64_t deviceState) {
-   if (getModuleApiVersion() >= CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_5 &&
-           mModule->notify_device_state_change != NULL) {
-       ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->notify_device_state_change");
-       ALOGI("%s: calling notify_device_state_change with state %" PRId64, __FUNCTION__,
-               deviceState);
-       mModule->notify_device_state_change(deviceState);
-       ATRACE_END();
-   }
+    if (getModuleApiVersion() >= CAMERA_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_5 &&
+        mModule->notify_device_state_change != NULL) {
+        ATRACE_BEGIN("camera_module->notify_device_state_change");
+        ALOGI("%s: calling notify_device_state_change with state %" PRId64, __FUNCTION__,
+              deviceState);
+        mModule->notify_device_state_change(deviceState);
+        ATRACE_END();
+    }
 }
 
-bool CameraModule::isLogicalMultiCamera(
-        const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& metadata,
-        std::unordered_set<std::string>* physicalCameraIds) {
+bool CameraModule::isLogicalMultiCamera(const common::helper::CameraMetadata& metadata,
+                                        std::unordered_set<std::string>* physicalCameraIds) {
     if (physicalCameraIds == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("%s: physicalCameraIds must not be null", __FUNCTION__);
         return false;
     }
 
     bool isLogicalMultiCamera = false;
-    camera_metadata_ro_entry_t capabilities =
-            metadata.find(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry_t capabilities = metadata.find(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < capabilities.count; i++) {
         if (capabilities.data.u8[i] ==
-                ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA) {
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA) {
             isLogicalMultiCamera = true;
             break;
         }
     }
 
     if (isLogicalMultiCamera) {
-        camera_metadata_ro_entry_t entry =
-                metadata.find(ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_PHYSICAL_IDS);
+        camera_metadata_ro_entry_t entry = metadata.find(ANDROID_LOGICAL_MULTI_CAMERA_PHYSICAL_IDS);
         const uint8_t* ids = entry.data.u8;
         size_t start = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < entry.count; ++i) {
             if (ids[i] == '\0') {
                 if (start != i) {
-                    const char* physicalId = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids+start);
+                    const char* physicalId = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ids + start);
                     physicalCameraIds->emplace(physicalId);
                 }
                 start = i + 1;
@@ -516,7 +500,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t CameraModule::filterOpenErrorCode(status_t err) {
-    switch(err) {
+    switch (err) {
         case NO_ERROR:
         case -EBUSY:
         case -EINVAL:
@@ -533,9 +517,9 @@
     // static_camera_characteristics
     if (getDeviceVersion(cameraId) >= CAMERA_DEVICE_API_VERSION_3_0) {
         std::unordered_set<std::string> physicalIds;
-        camera_metadata_t *metadata = const_cast<camera_metadata_t*>(
+        camera_metadata_t* metadata = const_cast<camera_metadata_t*>(
                 mCameraInfoMap.valueFor(cameraId).static_camera_characteristics);
-        common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata hidlMetadata(metadata);
+        common::helper::CameraMetadata hidlMetadata(metadata);
 
         if (isLogicalMultiCamera(hidlMetadata, &physicalIds)) {
             for (const auto& id : physicalIds) {
@@ -545,7 +529,7 @@
                     mPhysicalCameraInfoMap.removeItem(idInt);
                 } else {
                     ALOGE("%s: Cannot find corresponding static metadata for physical id %s",
-                            __FUNCTION__, id.c_str());
+                          __FUNCTION__, id.c_str());
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -575,9 +559,8 @@
     return mModule->common.dso;
 }
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraParameters.cpp b/camera/common/default/CameraParameters.cpp
similarity index 77%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/CameraParameters.cpp
rename to camera/common/default/CameraParameters.cpp
index e707b08..37e28a2 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraParameters.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/default/CameraParameters.cpp
@@ -18,17 +18,16 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "CameraParams"
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include <string.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <system/graphics.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include "CameraParameters.h"
-#include <system/graphics.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 // Parameter keys to communicate between camera application and driver.
@@ -79,7 +78,8 @@
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_AUTO_EXPOSURE_LOCK[] = "auto-exposure-lock";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_AUTO_EXPOSURE_LOCK_SUPPORTED[] = "auto-exposure-lock-supported";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_AUTO_WHITEBALANCE_LOCK[] = "auto-whitebalance-lock";
-const char CameraParameters::KEY_AUTO_WHITEBALANCE_LOCK_SUPPORTED[] = "auto-whitebalance-lock-supported";
+const char CameraParameters::KEY_AUTO_WHITEBALANCE_LOCK_SUPPORTED[] =
+        "auto-whitebalance-lock-supported";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_MAX_NUM_METERING_AREAS[] = "max-num-metering-areas";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_METERING_AREAS[] = "metering-areas";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_ZOOM[] = "zoom";
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_VIDEO_FRAME_FORMAT[] = "video-frame-format";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_VIDEO_SIZE[] = "video-size";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_VIDEO_SIZES[] = "video-size-values";
-const char CameraParameters::KEY_PREFERRED_PREVIEW_SIZE_FOR_VIDEO[] = "preferred-preview-size-for-video";
+const char CameraParameters::KEY_PREFERRED_PREVIEW_SIZE_FOR_VIDEO[] =
+        "preferred-preview-size-for-video";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_MAX_NUM_DETECTED_FACES_HW[] = "max-num-detected-faces-hw";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_MAX_NUM_DETECTED_FACES_SW[] = "max-num-detected-faces-sw";
 const char CameraParameters::KEY_RECORDING_HINT[] = "recording-hint";
@@ -160,7 +161,7 @@
 const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422SP[] = "yuv422sp";
 const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420SP[] = "yuv420sp";
 const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422I[] = "yuv422i-yuyv";
-const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P[]  = "yuv420p";
+const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P[] = "yuv420p";
 const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565[] = "rgb565";
 const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA8888[] = "rgba8888";
 const char CameraParameters::PIXEL_FORMAT_JPEG[] = "jpeg";
@@ -180,17 +181,11 @@
 const char CameraParameters::LIGHTFX_LOWLIGHT[] = "low-light";
 const char CameraParameters::LIGHTFX_HDR[] = "high-dynamic-range";
 
-CameraParameters::CameraParameters()
-                : mMap()
-{
-}
+CameraParameters::CameraParameters() : mMap() {}
 
-CameraParameters::~CameraParameters()
-{
-}
+CameraParameters::~CameraParameters() {}
 
-String8 CameraParameters::flatten() const
-{
+String8 CameraParameters::flatten() const {
     String8 flattened("");
     size_t size = mMap.size();
 
@@ -202,31 +197,28 @@
         flattened += k;
         flattened += "=";
         flattened += v;
-        if (i != size-1)
-            flattened += ";";
+        if (i != size - 1) flattened += ";";
     }
 
     return flattened;
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::unflatten(const String8 &params)
-{
-    const char *a = params.string();
-    const char *b;
+void CameraParameters::unflatten(const String8& params) {
+    const char* a = params.string();
+    const char* b;
 
     mMap.clear();
 
     for (;;) {
         // Find the bounds of the key name.
         b = strchr(a, '=');
-        if (b == 0)
-            break;
+        if (b == 0) break;
 
         // Create the key string.
-        String8 k(a, (size_t)(b-a));
+        String8 k(a, (size_t)(b - a));
 
         // Find the value.
-        a = b+1;
+        a = b + 1;
         b = strchr(a, ';');
         if (b == 0) {
             // If there's no semicolon, this is the last item.
@@ -235,15 +227,13 @@
             break;
         }
 
-        String8 v(a, (size_t)(b-a));
+        String8 v(a, (size_t)(b - a));
         mMap.add(k, v);
-        a = b+1;
+        a = b + 1;
     }
 }
 
-
-void CameraParameters::set(const char *key, const char *value)
-{
+void CameraParameters::set(const char* key, const char* value) {
     // i think i can do this with strspn()
     if (strchr(key, '=') || strchr(key, ';')) {
         // ALOGE("Key \"%s\"contains invalid character (= or ;)", key);
@@ -258,54 +248,44 @@
     mMap.replaceValueFor(String8(key), String8(value));
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::set(const char *key, int value)
-{
+void CameraParameters::set(const char* key, int value) {
     char str[16];
     sprintf(str, "%d", value);
     set(key, str);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setFloat(const char *key, float value)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setFloat(const char* key, float value) {
     char str[16];  // 14 should be enough. We overestimate to be safe.
     snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%g", value);
     set(key, str);
 }
 
-const char *CameraParameters::get(const char *key) const
-{
+const char* CameraParameters::get(const char* key) const {
     String8 v = mMap.valueFor(String8(key));
-    if (v.length() == 0)
-        return 0;
+    if (v.length() == 0) return 0;
     return v.string();
 }
 
-int CameraParameters::getInt(const char *key) const
-{
-    const char *v = get(key);
-    if (v == 0)
-        return -1;
+int CameraParameters::getInt(const char* key) const {
+    const char* v = get(key);
+    if (v == 0) return -1;
     return strtol(v, 0, 0);
 }
 
-float CameraParameters::getFloat(const char *key) const
-{
-    const char *v = get(key);
+float CameraParameters::getFloat(const char* key) const {
+    const char* v = get(key);
     if (v == 0) return -1;
     return strtof(v, 0);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::remove(const char *key)
-{
+void CameraParameters::remove(const char* key) {
     mMap.removeItem(String8(key));
 }
 
 // Parse string like "640x480" or "10000,20000"
-static int parse_pair(const char *str, int *first, int *second, char delim,
-                      char **endptr = NULL)
-{
+static int parse_pair(const char* str, int* first, int* second, char delim, char** endptr = NULL) {
     // Find the first integer.
-    char *end;
+    char* end;
     int w = (int)strtol(str, &end, 10);
     // If a delimeter does not immediately follow, give up.
     if (*end != delim) {
@@ -314,7 +294,7 @@
     }
 
     // Find the second integer, immediately after the delimeter.
-    int h = (int)strtol(end+1, &end, 10);
+    int h = (int)strtol(end + 1, &end, 10);
 
     *first = w;
     *second = h;
@@ -326,18 +306,16 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void parseSizesList(const char *sizesStr, Vector<Size> &sizes)
-{
+static void parseSizesList(const char* sizesStr, Vector<Size>& sizes) {
     if (sizesStr == 0) {
         return;
     }
 
-    char *sizeStartPtr = (char *)sizesStr;
+    char* sizeStartPtr = (char*)sizesStr;
 
     while (true) {
         int width, height;
-        int success = parse_pair(sizeStartPtr, &width, &height, 'x',
-                                 &sizeStartPtr);
+        int success = parse_pair(sizeStartPtr, &width, &height, 'x', &sizeStartPtr);
         if (success == -1 || (*sizeStartPtr != ',' && *sizeStartPtr != '\0')) {
             ALOGE("Picture sizes string \"%s\" contains invalid character.", sizesStr);
             return;
@@ -351,119 +329,101 @@
     }
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setPreviewSize(int width, int height)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setPreviewSize(int width, int height) {
     char str[32];
     sprintf(str, "%dx%d", width, height);
     set(KEY_PREVIEW_SIZE, str);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getPreviewSize(int *width, int *height) const
-{
+void CameraParameters::getPreviewSize(int* width, int* height) const {
     *width = *height = -1;
     // Get the current string, if it doesn't exist, leave the -1x-1
-    const char *p = get(KEY_PREVIEW_SIZE);
-    if (p == 0)  return;
+    const char* p = get(KEY_PREVIEW_SIZE);
+    if (p == 0) return;
     parse_pair(p, width, height, 'x');
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getPreferredPreviewSizeForVideo(int *width, int *height) const
-{
+void CameraParameters::getPreferredPreviewSizeForVideo(int* width, int* height) const {
     *width = *height = -1;
-    const char *p = get(KEY_PREFERRED_PREVIEW_SIZE_FOR_VIDEO);
-    if (p == 0)  return;
+    const char* p = get(KEY_PREFERRED_PREVIEW_SIZE_FOR_VIDEO);
+    if (p == 0) return;
     parse_pair(p, width, height, 'x');
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getSupportedPreviewSizes(Vector<Size> &sizes) const
-{
-    const char *previewSizesStr = get(KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_SIZES);
+void CameraParameters::getSupportedPreviewSizes(Vector<Size>& sizes) const {
+    const char* previewSizesStr = get(KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_SIZES);
     parseSizesList(previewSizesStr, sizes);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setVideoSize(int width, int height)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setVideoSize(int width, int height) {
     char str[32];
     sprintf(str, "%dx%d", width, height);
     set(KEY_VIDEO_SIZE, str);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getVideoSize(int *width, int *height) const
-{
+void CameraParameters::getVideoSize(int* width, int* height) const {
     *width = *height = -1;
-    const char *p = get(KEY_VIDEO_SIZE);
+    const char* p = get(KEY_VIDEO_SIZE);
     if (p == 0) return;
     parse_pair(p, width, height, 'x');
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getSupportedVideoSizes(Vector<Size> &sizes) const
-{
-    const char *videoSizesStr = get(KEY_SUPPORTED_VIDEO_SIZES);
+void CameraParameters::getSupportedVideoSizes(Vector<Size>& sizes) const {
+    const char* videoSizesStr = get(KEY_SUPPORTED_VIDEO_SIZES);
     parseSizesList(videoSizesStr, sizes);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setPreviewFrameRate(int fps)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setPreviewFrameRate(int fps) {
     set(KEY_PREVIEW_FRAME_RATE, fps);
 }
 
-int CameraParameters::getPreviewFrameRate() const
-{
+int CameraParameters::getPreviewFrameRate() const {
     return getInt(KEY_PREVIEW_FRAME_RATE);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getPreviewFpsRange(int *min_fps, int *max_fps) const
-{
+void CameraParameters::getPreviewFpsRange(int* min_fps, int* max_fps) const {
     *min_fps = *max_fps = -1;
-    const char *p = get(KEY_PREVIEW_FPS_RANGE);
+    const char* p = get(KEY_PREVIEW_FPS_RANGE);
     if (p == 0) return;
     parse_pair(p, min_fps, max_fps, ',');
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setPreviewFormat(const char *format)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setPreviewFormat(const char* format) {
     set(KEY_PREVIEW_FORMAT, format);
 }
 
-const char *CameraParameters::getPreviewFormat() const
-{
+const char* CameraParameters::getPreviewFormat() const {
     return get(KEY_PREVIEW_FORMAT);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setPictureSize(int width, int height)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setPictureSize(int width, int height) {
     char str[32];
     sprintf(str, "%dx%d", width, height);
     set(KEY_PICTURE_SIZE, str);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getPictureSize(int *width, int *height) const
-{
+void CameraParameters::getPictureSize(int* width, int* height) const {
     *width = *height = -1;
     // Get the current string, if it doesn't exist, leave the -1x-1
-    const char *p = get(KEY_PICTURE_SIZE);
+    const char* p = get(KEY_PICTURE_SIZE);
     if (p == 0) return;
     parse_pair(p, width, height, 'x');
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::getSupportedPictureSizes(Vector<Size> &sizes) const
-{
-    const char *pictureSizesStr = get(KEY_SUPPORTED_PICTURE_SIZES);
+void CameraParameters::getSupportedPictureSizes(Vector<Size>& sizes) const {
+    const char* pictureSizesStr = get(KEY_SUPPORTED_PICTURE_SIZES);
     parseSizesList(pictureSizesStr, sizes);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::setPictureFormat(const char *format)
-{
+void CameraParameters::setPictureFormat(const char* format) {
     set(KEY_PICTURE_FORMAT, format);
 }
 
-const char *CameraParameters::getPictureFormat() const
-{
+const char* CameraParameters::getPictureFormat() const {
     return get(KEY_PICTURE_FORMAT);
 }
 
-void CameraParameters::dump() const
-{
+void CameraParameters::dump() const {
     ALOGD("dump: mMap.size = %zu", mMap.size());
     for (size_t i = 0; i < mMap.size(); i++) {
         String8 k, v;
@@ -473,8 +433,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-status_t CameraParameters::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& /*args*/) const
-{
+status_t CameraParameters::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& /*args*/) const {
     const size_t SIZE = 256;
     char buffer[SIZE];
     String8 result;
@@ -492,8 +451,7 @@
 }
 
 void CameraParameters::getSupportedPreviewFormats(Vector<int>& formats) const {
-    const char* supportedPreviewFormats =
-          get(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_FORMATS);
+    const char* supportedPreviewFormats = get(CameraParameters::KEY_SUPPORTED_PREVIEW_FORMATS);
 
     if (supportedPreviewFormats == NULL) {
         ALOGW("%s: No supported preview formats.", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -515,35 +473,31 @@
     fmtStr.unlockBuffer(fmtStr.size());
 }
 
-
 int CameraParameters::previewFormatToEnum(const char* format) {
-    return
-        !format ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP :
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422SP) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_SP : // NV16
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420SP) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP : // NV21
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422I) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_I :  // YUY2
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12 :         // YV12
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565 :      // RGB565
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA8888) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888 :    // RGB8888
-        !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_BAYER_RGGB) ?
-            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16 :   // Raw sensor data
-        -1;
+    return !format                                  ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP
+           : !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422SP) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_SP
+                                                    :  // NV16
+                   !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420SP) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP
+                                                          :  // NV21
+                   !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422I) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_I
+                                                         :  // YUY2
+                   !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12
+                                                         :  // YV12
+                   !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565
+                                                        :  // RGB565
+                   !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA8888) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888
+                                                          :  // RGB8888
+                   !strcmp(format, PIXEL_FORMAT_BAYER_RGGB) ? HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16
+                                                            :  // Raw sensor data
+                   -1;
 }
 
 bool CameraParameters::isEmpty() const {
     return mMap.isEmpty();
 }
 
-};
-};
-};
-};
-};
-}; // namespace android
+};  // namespace helper
+};  // namespace common
+};  // namespace camera
+};  // namespace hardware
+};  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/Exif.cpp b/camera/common/default/Exif.cpp
similarity index 83%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/Exif.cpp
rename to camera/common/default/Exif.cpp
index 413b6bb..f4b2a31 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/Exif.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/default/Exif.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "CamComm1.0-Exif"
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_CAMERA
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
 #include <android/log.h>
 
@@ -41,15 +41,12 @@
 
 }  // namespace std
 
-
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
-
 class ExifUtilsImpl : public ExifUtils {
   public:
     ExifUtilsImpl();
@@ -61,8 +58,7 @@
     virtual bool initialize();
 
     // set all known fields from a metadata structure
-    virtual bool setFromMetadata(const CameraMetadata& metadata,
-                                 const size_t imageWidth,
+    virtual bool setFromMetadata(const CameraMetadata& metadata, const size_t imageWidth,
                                  const size_t imageHeight);
 
     // sets the len aperture.
@@ -254,7 +250,6 @@
     // Returns false if memory allocation fails.
     virtual bool setExifVersion(const std::string& exif_version);
 
-
     // Resets the pointers and memories.
     virtual void reset();
 
@@ -262,8 +257,7 @@
     // if the tag exists.
     // Returns the entry of the tag. The reference count of returned ExifEntry is
     // two.
-    virtual std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> addVariableLengthEntry(ExifIfd ifd,
-                                                              ExifTag tag,
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> addVariableLengthEntry(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag,
                                                               ExifFormat format,
                                                               uint64_t components,
                                                               unsigned int size);
@@ -275,32 +269,17 @@
     virtual std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> addEntry(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag);
 
     // Helpe functions to add exif data with different types.
-    virtual bool setShort(ExifIfd ifd,
-                          ExifTag tag,
-                          uint16_t value,
-                          const std::string& msg);
+    virtual bool setShort(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, uint16_t value, const std::string& msg);
 
-    virtual bool setLong(ExifIfd ifd,
-                         ExifTag tag,
-                         uint32_t value,
-                         const std::string& msg);
+    virtual bool setLong(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, uint32_t value, const std::string& msg);
 
-    virtual bool setRational(ExifIfd ifd,
-                             ExifTag tag,
-                             uint32_t numerator,
-                             uint32_t denominator,
+    virtual bool setRational(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, uint32_t numerator, uint32_t denominator,
                              const std::string& msg);
 
-    virtual bool setSRational(ExifIfd ifd,
-                              ExifTag tag,
-                              int32_t numerator,
-                              int32_t denominator,
+    virtual bool setSRational(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, int32_t numerator, int32_t denominator,
                               const std::string& msg);
 
-    virtual bool setString(ExifIfd ifd,
-                           ExifTag tag,
-                           ExifFormat format,
-                           const std::string& buffer,
+    virtual bool setString(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, ExifFormat format, const std::string& buffer,
                            const std::string& msg);
 
     // Destroys the buffer of APP1 segment if exists.
@@ -313,37 +292,31 @@
     uint8_t* app1_buffer_;
     // The length of |app1_buffer_|.
     unsigned int app1_length_;
-
 };
 
-#define SET_SHORT(ifd, tag, value)                      \
-    do {                                                \
-        if (setShort(ifd, tag, value, #tag) == false)   \
-            return false;                               \
+#define SET_SHORT(ifd, tag, value)                                  \
+    do {                                                            \
+        if (setShort(ifd, tag, value, #tag) == false) return false; \
     } while (0);
 
-#define SET_LONG(ifd, tag, value)                       \
-    do {                                                \
-        if (setLong(ifd, tag, value, #tag) == false)    \
-            return false;                               \
+#define SET_LONG(ifd, tag, value)                                  \
+    do {                                                           \
+        if (setLong(ifd, tag, value, #tag) == false) return false; \
     } while (0);
 
-#define SET_RATIONAL(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator)                      \
-    do {                                                                    \
-        if (setRational(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator, #tag) == false)   \
-            return false;                                                   \
+#define SET_RATIONAL(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator)                                  \
+    do {                                                                                \
+        if (setRational(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator, #tag) == false) return false; \
     } while (0);
 
-#define SET_SRATIONAL(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator)                       \
-    do {                                                                      \
-        if (setSRational(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator, #tag) == false)    \
-            return false;                                                     \
+#define SET_SRATIONAL(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator)                                  \
+    do {                                                                                 \
+        if (setSRational(ifd, tag, numerator, denominator, #tag) == false) return false; \
     } while (0);
 
 #define SET_STRING(ifd, tag, format, buffer)                                  \
     do {                                                                      \
-        if (setString(ifd, tag, format, buffer, #tag) == false)               \
-            return false;                                                     \
+        if (setString(ifd, tag, format, buffer, #tag) == false) return false; \
     } while (0);
 
 // This comes from the Exif Version 2.2 standard table 6.
@@ -353,30 +326,25 @@
     // Take the integer part of |num|.
     ExifLong degrees = static_cast<ExifLong>(num);
     ExifLong minutes = static_cast<ExifLong>(60 * (num - degrees));
-    ExifLong microseconds =
-            static_cast<ExifLong>(3600000000u * (num - degrees - minutes / 60.0));
+    ExifLong microseconds = static_cast<ExifLong>(3600000000u * (num - degrees - minutes / 60.0));
     exif_set_rational(data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL, {degrees, 1});
-    exif_set_rational(data + sizeof(ExifRational), EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {minutes, 1});
+    exif_set_rational(data + sizeof(ExifRational), EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL, {minutes, 1});
     exif_set_rational(data + 2 * sizeof(ExifRational), EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {microseconds, 1000000});
+                      {microseconds, 1000000});
 }
 
-ExifUtils *ExifUtils::create() {
+ExifUtils* ExifUtils::create() {
     return new ExifUtilsImpl();
 }
 
-ExifUtils::~ExifUtils() {
-}
+ExifUtils::~ExifUtils() {}
 
-ExifUtilsImpl::ExifUtilsImpl()
-        : exif_data_(nullptr), app1_buffer_(nullptr), app1_length_(0) {}
+ExifUtilsImpl::ExifUtilsImpl() : exif_data_(nullptr), app1_buffer_(nullptr), app1_length_(0) {}
 
 ExifUtilsImpl::~ExifUtilsImpl() {
     reset();
 }
 
-
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::initialize() {
     reset();
     exif_data_ = exif_data_new();
@@ -403,8 +371,7 @@
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setBrightness(int32_t numerator, int32_t denominator) {
-    SET_SRATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_BRIGHTNESS_VALUE, numerator,
-                                denominator);
+    SET_SRATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_BRIGHTNESS_VALUE, numerator, denominator);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -413,10 +380,9 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setComponentsConfiguration(
-        const std::string& components_configuration) {
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_COMPONENTS_CONFIGURATION,
-                          EXIF_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, components_configuration);
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setComponentsConfiguration(const std::string& components_configuration) {
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_COMPONENTS_CONFIGURATION, EXIF_FORMAT_UNDEFINED,
+               components_configuration);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -433,37 +399,31 @@
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setDateTime(const struct tm& t) {
     // The length is 20 bytes including NULL for termination in Exif standard.
     char str[20];
-    int result = snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%04i:%02i:%02i %02i:%02i:%02i",
-                                                t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour,
-                                                t.tm_min, t.tm_sec);
+    int result = snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%04i:%02i:%02i %02i:%02i:%02i", t.tm_year + 1900,
+                          t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday, t.tm_hour, t.tm_min, t.tm_sec);
     if (result != sizeof(str) - 1) {
         ALOGW("%s: Input time is invalid", __FUNCTION__);
         return false;
     }
     std::string buffer(str);
     SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_0, EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, buffer);
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME_ORIGINAL, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                          buffer);
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME_DIGITIZED, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                          buffer);
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME_ORIGINAL, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, buffer);
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_DATE_TIME_DIGITIZED, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, buffer);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setDescription(const std::string& description) {
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_0, EXIF_TAG_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                          description);
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_0, EXIF_TAG_IMAGE_DESCRIPTION, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, description);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setDigitalZoomRatio(uint32_t numerator, uint32_t denominator) {
-    SET_RATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_DIGITAL_ZOOM_RATIO, numerator,
-                              denominator);
+    SET_RATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_DIGITAL_ZOOM_RATIO, numerator, denominator);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setExposureBias(int32_t numerator, int32_t denominator) {
-    SET_SRATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_EXPOSURE_BIAS_VALUE, numerator,
-                                denominator);
+    SET_SRATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_EXPOSURE_BIAS_VALUE, numerator, denominator);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -526,7 +486,7 @@
         return false;
     }
     exif_set_rational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {static_cast<ExifLong>(altitude * 1000), 1000});
+                      {static_cast<ExifLong>(altitude * 1000), 1000});
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -588,26 +548,23 @@
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setGpsProcessingMethod(const std::string& method) {
-    std::string buffer =
-            std::string(gExifAsciiPrefix, sizeof(gExifAsciiPrefix)) + method;
+    std::string buffer = std::string(gExifAsciiPrefix, sizeof(gExifAsciiPrefix)) + method;
     SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_GPS, static_cast<ExifTag>(EXIF_TAG_GPS_PROCESSING_METHOD),
-                          EXIF_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, buffer);
+               EXIF_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, buffer);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setGpsTimestamp(const struct tm& t) {
     const ExifTag dateTag = static_cast<ExifTag>(EXIF_TAG_GPS_DATE_STAMP);
     const size_t kGpsDateStampSize = 11;
-    std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> entry =
-            addVariableLengthEntry(EXIF_IFD_GPS, dateTag, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                                                          kGpsDateStampSize, kGpsDateStampSize);
+    std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> entry = addVariableLengthEntry(
+            EXIF_IFD_GPS, dateTag, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, kGpsDateStampSize, kGpsDateStampSize);
     if (!entry) {
         ALOGE("%s: Adding GPSDateStamp exif entry failed", __FUNCTION__);
         return false;
     }
-    int result =
-            snprintf(reinterpret_cast<char*>(entry->data), kGpsDateStampSize,
-                              "%04i:%02i:%02i", t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday);
+    int result = snprintf(reinterpret_cast<char*>(entry->data), kGpsDateStampSize, "%04i:%02i:%02i",
+                          t.tm_year + 1900, t.tm_mon + 1, t.tm_mday);
     if (result != kGpsDateStampSize - 1) {
         ALOGW("%s: Input time is invalid", __FUNCTION__);
         return false;
@@ -615,18 +572,16 @@
 
     const ExifTag timeTag = static_cast<ExifTag>(EXIF_TAG_GPS_TIME_STAMP);
     entry = addVariableLengthEntry(EXIF_IFD_GPS, timeTag, EXIF_FORMAT_RATIONAL, 3,
-                                                                  3 * sizeof(ExifRational));
+                                   3 * sizeof(ExifRational));
     if (!entry) {
         ALOGE("%s: Adding GPSTimeStamp exif entry failed", __FUNCTION__);
         return false;
     }
-    exif_set_rational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {static_cast<ExifLong>(t.tm_hour), 1});
+    exif_set_rational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL, {static_cast<ExifLong>(t.tm_hour), 1});
     exif_set_rational(entry->data + sizeof(ExifRational), EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {static_cast<ExifLong>(t.tm_min), 1});
-    exif_set_rational(entry->data + 2 * sizeof(ExifRational),
-                                        EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {static_cast<ExifLong>(t.tm_sec), 1});
+                      {static_cast<ExifLong>(t.tm_min), 1});
+    exif_set_rational(entry->data + 2 * sizeof(ExifRational), EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
+                      {static_cast<ExifLong>(t.tm_sec), 1});
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -654,8 +609,7 @@
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setMaxAperture(uint32_t numerator, uint32_t denominator) {
-    SET_RATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_MAX_APERTURE_VALUE, numerator,
-                              denominator);
+    SET_RATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_MAX_APERTURE_VALUE, numerator, denominator);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -714,24 +668,19 @@
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setShutterSpeed(int32_t numerator, int32_t denominator) {
-    SET_SRATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SHUTTER_SPEED_VALUE, numerator,
-                                denominator);
+    SET_SRATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SHUTTER_SPEED_VALUE, numerator, denominator);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setSubjectDistance(uint32_t numerator, uint32_t denominator) {
-    SET_RATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUBJECT_DISTANCE, numerator,
-                              denominator);
+    SET_RATIONAL(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUBJECT_DISTANCE, numerator, denominator);
     return true;
 }
 
 bool ExifUtilsImpl::setSubsecTime(const std::string& subsec_time) {
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUB_SEC_TIME, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                          subsec_time);
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUB_SEC_TIME_ORIGINAL, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                          subsec_time);
-    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUB_SEC_TIME_DIGITIZED, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII,
-                          subsec_time);
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUB_SEC_TIME, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, subsec_time);
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUB_SEC_TIME_ORIGINAL, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, subsec_time);
+    SET_STRING(EXIF_IFD_EXIF, EXIF_TAG_SUB_SEC_TIME_DIGITIZED, EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII, subsec_time);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -816,8 +765,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> ExifUtilsImpl::addVariableLengthEntry(ExifIfd ifd,
-                                                                 ExifTag tag,
+std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> ExifUtilsImpl::addVariableLengthEntry(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag,
                                                                  ExifFormat format,
                                                                  uint64_t components,
                                                                  unsigned int size) {
@@ -872,10 +820,7 @@
     return entry;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setShort(ExifIfd ifd,
-                             ExifTag tag,
-                             uint16_t value,
-                             const std::string& msg) {
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setShort(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, uint16_t value, const std::string& msg) {
     std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> entry = addEntry(ifd, tag);
     if (!entry) {
         ALOGE("%s: Adding '%s' entry failed", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
@@ -885,10 +830,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setLong(ExifIfd ifd,
-                            ExifTag tag,
-                            uint32_t value,
-                            const std::string& msg) {
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setLong(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, uint32_t value, const std::string& msg) {
     std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> entry = addEntry(ifd, tag);
     if (!entry) {
         ALOGE("%s: Adding '%s' entry failed", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
@@ -898,41 +840,30 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setRational(ExifIfd ifd,
-                                ExifTag tag,
-                                uint32_t numerator,
-                                uint32_t denominator,
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setRational(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, uint32_t numerator, uint32_t denominator,
                                 const std::string& msg) {
     std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> entry = addEntry(ifd, tag);
     if (!entry) {
         ALOGE("%s: Adding '%s' entry failed", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
         return false;
     }
-    exif_set_rational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                        {numerator, denominator});
+    exif_set_rational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL, {numerator, denominator});
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setSRational(ExifIfd ifd,
-                                 ExifTag tag,
-                                 int32_t numerator,
-                                 int32_t denominator,
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setSRational(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, int32_t numerator, int32_t denominator,
                                  const std::string& msg) {
     std::unique_ptr<ExifEntry> entry = addEntry(ifd, tag);
     if (!entry) {
         ALOGE("%s: Adding '%s' entry failed", __FUNCTION__, msg.c_str());
         return false;
     }
-    exif_set_srational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL,
-                                          {numerator, denominator});
+    exif_set_srational(entry->data, EXIF_BYTE_ORDER_INTEL, {numerator, denominator});
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setString(ExifIfd ifd,
-                              ExifTag tag,
-                              ExifFormat format,
-                              const std::string& buffer,
-                              const std::string& msg) {
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setString(ExifIfd ifd, ExifTag tag, ExifFormat format,
+                              const std::string& buffer, const std::string& msg) {
     size_t entry_size = buffer.length();
     // Since the exif format is undefined, NULL termination is not necessary.
     if (format == EXIF_FORMAT_ASCII) {
@@ -959,13 +890,11 @@
     app1_length_ = 0;
 }
 
-bool ExifUtilsImpl::setFromMetadata(const CameraMetadata& metadata,
-                                    const size_t imageWidth,
+bool ExifUtilsImpl::setFromMetadata(const CameraMetadata& metadata, const size_t imageWidth,
                                     const size_t imageHeight) {
     // How precise the float-to-rational conversion for EXIF tags would be.
     constexpr int kRationalPrecision = 10000;
-    if (!setImageWidth(imageWidth) ||
-            !setImageHeight(imageHeight)) {
+    if (!setImageWidth(imageWidth) || !setImageHeight(imageHeight)) {
         ALOGE("%s: setting image resolution failed.", __FUNCTION__);
         return false;
     }
@@ -984,9 +913,8 @@
     if (entry.count) {
         focal_length = entry.data.f[0];
 
-        if (!setFocalLength(
-                        static_cast<uint32_t>(focal_length * kRationalPrecision),
-                        kRationalPrecision)) {
+        if (!setFocalLength(static_cast<uint32_t>(focal_length * kRationalPrecision),
+                            kRationalPrecision)) {
             ALOGE("%s: setting focal length failed.", __FUNCTION__);
             return false;
         }
@@ -1048,7 +976,7 @@
     if (metadata.exists(ANDROID_SENSOR_EXPOSURE_TIME)) {
         entry = metadata.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_EXPOSURE_TIME);
         // int64_t of nanoseconds
-        if (!setExposureTime(entry.data.i64[0],1000000000u)) {
+        if (!setExposureTime(entry.data.i64[0], 1000000000u)) {
             ALOGE("%s: setting exposure time failed.", __FUNCTION__);
             return false;
         }
@@ -1057,8 +985,7 @@
     if (metadata.exists(ANDROID_LENS_APERTURE)) {
         const int kAperturePrecision = 10000;
         entry = metadata.find(ANDROID_LENS_APERTURE);
-        if (!setFNumber(entry.data.f[0] * kAperturePrecision,
-                                                      kAperturePrecision)) {
+        if (!setFNumber(entry.data.f[0] * kAperturePrecision, kAperturePrecision)) {
             ALOGE("%s: setting F number failed.", __FUNCTION__);
             return false;
         }
@@ -1073,7 +1000,7 @@
                 return false;
             }
         } else {
-            ALOGE("%s: Unsupported flash info: %d",__FUNCTION__, entry.data.u8[0]);
+            ALOGE("%s: Unsupported flash info: %d", __FUNCTION__, entry.data.u8[0]);
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -1107,9 +1034,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/HandleImporter.cpp b/camera/common/default/HandleImporter.cpp
similarity index 74%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/HandleImporter.cpp
rename to camera/common/default/HandleImporter.cpp
index d2fdf02..1145baa 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/HandleImporter.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/default/HandleImporter.cpp
@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@
 #include "HandleImporter.h"
 
 #include <gralloctypes/Gralloc4.h>
-#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Smpte2086.h"
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include "aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Smpte2086.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PlaneLayout;
@@ -75,20 +74,18 @@
     mInitialized = false;
 }
 
-template<class M, class E>
+template <class M, class E>
 bool HandleImporter::importBufferInternal(const sp<M> mapper, buffer_handle_t& handle) {
     E error;
     buffer_handle_t importedHandle;
     auto ret = mapper->importBuffer(
-        hidl_handle(handle),
-        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            importedHandle = static_cast<buffer_handle_t>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
+            hidl_handle(handle), [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
+                error = tmpError;
+                importedHandle = static_cast<buffer_handle_t>(tmpBufferHandle);
+            });
 
     if (!ret.isOk()) {
-        ALOGE("%s: mapper importBuffer failed: %s",
-                __FUNCTION__, ret.description().c_str());
+        ALOGE("%s: mapper importBuffer failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.description().c_str());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -100,61 +97,62 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-template<class M, class E>
+template <class M, class E>
 YCbCrLayout HandleImporter::lockYCbCrInternal(const sp<M> mapper, buffer_handle_t& buf,
-        uint64_t cpuUsage, const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion) {
+                                              uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                                              const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion) {
     hidl_handle acquireFenceHandle;
     auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(buf);
     YCbCrLayout layout = {};
 
-    typename M::Rect accessRegionCopy = {accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top,
-            accessRegion.width, accessRegion.height};
+    typename M::Rect accessRegionCopy = {accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top, accessRegion.width,
+                                         accessRegion.height};
     mapper->lockYCbCr(buffer, cpuUsage, accessRegionCopy, acquireFenceHandle,
-            [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayout) {
-                if (tmpError == E::NONE) {
-                    // Member by member copy from different versions of YCbCrLayout.
-                    layout.y = tmpLayout.y;
-                    layout.cb = tmpLayout.cb;
-                    layout.cr = tmpLayout.cr;
-                    layout.yStride = tmpLayout.yStride;
-                    layout.cStride = tmpLayout.cStride;
-                    layout.chromaStep = tmpLayout.chromaStep;
-                } else {
-                    ALOGE("%s: failed to lockYCbCr error %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
-                }
-           });
+                      [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpLayout) {
+                          if (tmpError == E::NONE) {
+                              // Member by member copy from different versions of YCbCrLayout.
+                              layout.y = tmpLayout.y;
+                              layout.cb = tmpLayout.cb;
+                              layout.cr = tmpLayout.cr;
+                              layout.yStride = tmpLayout.yStride;
+                              layout.cStride = tmpLayout.cStride;
+                              layout.chromaStep = tmpLayout.chromaStep;
+                          } else {
+                              ALOGE("%s: failed to lockYCbCr error %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
+                          }
+                      });
     return layout;
 }
 
 bool isMetadataPesent(const sp<IMapperV4> mapper, const buffer_handle_t& buf,
-        MetadataType metadataType) {
+                      MetadataType metadataType) {
     auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(buf);
     bool ret = false;
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
-    mapper->get(buffer, metadataType, [&] (const auto& tmpError,
-                const auto& tmpMetadata) {
-                    if (tmpError == MapperErrorV4::NONE) {
-                        vec = tmpMetadata;
-                    } else {
-                        ALOGE("%s: failed to get metadata %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
-                    }});
+    mapper->get(buffer, metadataType, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpMetadata) {
+        if (tmpError == MapperErrorV4::NONE) {
+            vec = tmpMetadata;
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to get metadata %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
+        }
+    });
 
     if (vec.size() > 0) {
-            if (metadataType == gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2086){
-                std::optional<Smpte2086> realSmpte2086;
-                gralloc4::decodeSmpte2086(vec, &realSmpte2086);
-                ret = realSmpte2086.has_value();
-            } else if (metadataType == gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10) {
-                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> realSmpte2094_10;
-                gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, &realSmpte2094_10);
-                ret = realSmpte2094_10.has_value();
-            } else if (metadataType == gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_40) {
-                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> realSmpte2094_40;
-                gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_40(vec, &realSmpte2094_40);
-                ret = realSmpte2094_40.has_value();
-            } else {
-                ALOGE("%s: Unknown metadata type!", __FUNCTION__);
-            }
+        if (metadataType == gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2086) {
+            std::optional<Smpte2086> realSmpte2086;
+            gralloc4::decodeSmpte2086(vec, &realSmpte2086);
+            ret = realSmpte2086.has_value();
+        } else if (metadataType == gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10) {
+            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> realSmpte2094_10;
+            gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, &realSmpte2094_10);
+            ret = realSmpte2094_10.has_value();
+        } else if (metadataType == gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_40) {
+            std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> realSmpte2094_40;
+            gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_40(vec, &realSmpte2094_40);
+            ret = realSmpte2094_40.has_value();
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unknown metadata type!", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
     }
 
     return ret;
@@ -239,31 +237,29 @@
     return layout;
 }
 
-template<class M, class E>
+template <class M, class E>
 int HandleImporter::unlockInternal(const sp<M> mapper, buffer_handle_t& buf) {
     int releaseFence = -1;
     auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(buf);
 
-    mapper->unlock(
-        buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
-            if (tmpError == E::NONE) {
-                auto fenceHandle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
-                if (fenceHandle) {
-                    if (fenceHandle->numInts != 0 || fenceHandle->numFds != 1) {
-                        ALOGE("%s: bad release fence numInts %d numFds %d",
-                                __FUNCTION__, fenceHandle->numInts, fenceHandle->numFds);
-                        return;
-                    }
-                    releaseFence = dup(fenceHandle->data[0]);
-                    if (releaseFence < 0) {
-                        ALOGE("%s: bad release fence FD %d",
-                                __FUNCTION__, releaseFence);
-                    }
+    mapper->unlock(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
+        if (tmpError == E::NONE) {
+            auto fenceHandle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
+            if (fenceHandle) {
+                if (fenceHandle->numInts != 0 || fenceHandle->numFds != 1) {
+                    ALOGE("%s: bad release fence numInts %d numFds %d", __FUNCTION__,
+                          fenceHandle->numInts, fenceHandle->numFds);
+                    return;
                 }
-            } else {
-                ALOGE("%s: failed to unlock error %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
+                releaseFence = dup(fenceHandle->data[0]);
+                if (releaseFence < 0) {
+                    ALOGE("%s: bad release fence FD %d", __FUNCTION__, releaseFence);
+                }
             }
-        });
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to unlock error %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
+        }
+    });
     return releaseFence;
 }
 
@@ -315,14 +311,12 @@
     } else if (mMapperV3 != nullptr) {
         auto ret = mMapperV3->freeBuffer(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(handle));
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
-            ALOGE("%s: mapper freeBuffer failed: %s",
-                    __FUNCTION__, ret.description().c_str());
+            ALOGE("%s: mapper freeBuffer failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.description().c_str());
         }
     } else {
         auto ret = mMapperV2->freeBuffer(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(handle));
         if (!ret.isOk()) {
-            ALOGE("%s: mapper freeBuffer failed: %s",
-                    __FUNCTION__, ret.description().c_str());
+            ALOGE("%s: mapper freeBuffer failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, ret.description().c_str());
         }
     }
 }
@@ -337,8 +331,7 @@
             return false;
         }
     } else {
-        ALOGE("invalid fence handle with %d file descriptors",
-                handle->numFds);
+        ALOGE("invalid fence handle with %d file descriptors", handle->numFds);
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -351,8 +344,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-void* HandleImporter::lock(
-        buffer_handle_t& buf, uint64_t cpuUsage, size_t size) {
+void* HandleImporter::lock(buffer_handle_t& buf, uint64_t cpuUsage, size_t size) {
     IMapper::Rect accessRegion{0, 0, static_cast<int>(size), 1};
     return lock(buf, cpuUsage, accessRegion);
 }
@@ -401,13 +393,13 @@
                         });
     } else {
         mMapperV2->lock(buffer, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFenceHandle,
-                [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpPtr) {
-                    if (tmpError == MapperErrorV2::NONE) {
-                        ret = tmpPtr;
-                    } else {
-                        ALOGE("%s: failed to lock error %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
-                    }
-               });
+                        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpPtr) {
+                            if (tmpError == MapperErrorV2::NONE) {
+                                ret = tmpPtr;
+                            } else {
+                                ALOGE("%s: failed to lock error %d!", __FUNCTION__, tmpError);
+                            }
+                        });
     }
 
     ALOGV("%s: ptr %p accessRegion.top: %d accessRegion.left: %d accessRegion.width: %d "
@@ -417,9 +409,8 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-YCbCrLayout HandleImporter::lockYCbCr(
-        buffer_handle_t& buf, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-        const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion) {
+YCbCrLayout HandleImporter::lockYCbCr(buffer_handle_t& buf, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                                      const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion) {
     Mutex::Autolock lock(mLock);
 
     if (!mInitialized) {
@@ -431,20 +422,18 @@
     }
 
     if (mMapperV3 != nullptr) {
-        return lockYCbCrInternal<IMapperV3, MapperErrorV3>(
-                mMapperV3, buf, cpuUsage, accessRegion);
+        return lockYCbCrInternal<IMapperV3, MapperErrorV3>(mMapperV3, buf, cpuUsage, accessRegion);
     }
 
     if (mMapperV2 != nullptr) {
-        return lockYCbCrInternal<IMapper, MapperErrorV2>(
-                mMapperV2, buf, cpuUsage, accessRegion);
+        return lockYCbCrInternal<IMapper, MapperErrorV2>(mMapperV2, buf, cpuUsage, accessRegion);
     }
 
     ALOGE("%s: mMapperV4, mMapperV3 and mMapperV2 are all null!", __FUNCTION__);
     return {};
 }
 
-status_t HandleImporter::getMonoPlanarStrideBytes(buffer_handle_t &buf, uint32_t *stride /*out*/) {
+status_t HandleImporter::getMonoPlanarStrideBytes(buffer_handle_t& buf, uint32_t* stride /*out*/) {
     if (stride == nullptr) {
         return BAD_VALUE;
     }
@@ -458,7 +447,7 @@
     if (mMapperV4 != nullptr) {
         std::vector<PlaneLayout> planeLayouts = getPlaneLayouts(mMapperV4, buf);
         if (planeLayouts.size() != 1) {
-            ALOGE("%s: Unexpected number of planes %zu!",  __FUNCTION__, planeLayouts.size());
+            ALOGE("%s: Unexpected number of planes %zu!", __FUNCTION__, planeLayouts.size());
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
 
@@ -534,10 +523,8 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS b/camera/common/default/OWNERS
similarity index 100%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS
rename to camera/common/default/OWNERS
diff --git a/camera/common/default/SimpleThread.cpp b/camera/common/default/SimpleThread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46e89ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/common/default/SimpleThread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "SimpleThread.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace common {
+namespace helper {
+
+SimpleThread::SimpleThread() : mDone(true), mThread() {}
+SimpleThread::~SimpleThread() {
+    // Safe to call requestExitAndWait() from the destructor because requestExitAndWait() ensures
+    // that the thread is joinable before joining on it. This is different from how
+    // android::Thread worked.
+    requestExitAndWait();
+}
+
+void SimpleThread::run() {
+    requestExitAndWait();  // Exit current execution, if any.
+
+    // start thread
+    mDone.store(false, std::memory_order_release);
+    mThread = std::thread(&SimpleThread::runLoop, this);
+}
+
+void SimpleThread::requestExitAndWait() {
+    // Signal thread to stop
+    mDone.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+
+    // Wait for thread to exit if needed. This should happen in no more than one iteration of
+    // threadLoop
+    if (mThread.joinable()) {
+        mThread.join();
+    }
+    mThread = std::thread();
+}
+
+void SimpleThread::runLoop() {
+    while (!exitPending()) {
+        if (!threadLoop()) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp b/camera/common/default/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
similarity index 91%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
rename to camera/common/default/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
index d2bee85..1282bd0 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/default/VendorTagDescriptor.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "CamComm1.0-VTDesc"
 
+#include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <system/camera_metadata.h>
-#include <camera_metadata_hidden.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <utils/SortedVector.h>
@@ -36,15 +36,12 @@
 
 VendorTagDescriptor::~VendorTagDescriptor() {
     size_t len = mReverseMapping.size();
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)  {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
         delete mReverseMapping[i];
     }
 }
 
-VendorTagDescriptor::VendorTagDescriptor() :
-        mTagCount(0),
-        mVendorOps() {
-}
+VendorTagDescriptor::VendorTagDescriptor() : mTagCount(0), mVendorOps() {}
 
 VendorTagDescriptor::VendorTagDescriptor(const VendorTagDescriptor& src) {
     copyFrom(src);
@@ -127,7 +124,8 @@
     return &mSections;
 }
 
-status_t VendorTagDescriptor::lookupTag(const String8& name, const String8& section, /*out*/uint32_t* tag) const {
+status_t VendorTagDescriptor::lookupTag(const String8& name, const String8& section,
+                                        /*out*/ uint32_t* tag) const {
     ssize_t index = mReverseMapping.indexOfKey(section);
     if (index < 0) {
         ALOGE("%s: Section '%s' does not exist.", __FUNCTION__, section.string());
@@ -147,18 +145,16 @@
 }
 
 void VendorTagDescriptor::dump(int fd, int verbosity, int indentation) const {
-
     size_t size = mTagToNameMap.size();
     if (size == 0) {
-        dprintf(fd, "%*sDumping configured vendor tag descriptors: None set\n",
-                indentation, "");
+        dprintf(fd, "%*sDumping configured vendor tag descriptors: None set\n", indentation, "");
         return;
     }
 
-    dprintf(fd, "%*sDumping configured vendor tag descriptors: %zu entries\n",
-            indentation, "", size);
+    dprintf(fd, "%*sDumping configured vendor tag descriptors: %zu entries\n", indentation, "",
+            size);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
-        uint32_t tag =  mTagToNameMap.keyAt(i);
+        uint32_t tag = mTagToNameMap.keyAt(i);
 
         if (verbosity < 1) {
             dprintf(fd, "%*s0x%x\n", indentation + 2, "", tag);
@@ -168,12 +164,11 @@
         uint32_t sectionId = mTagToSectionMap.valueFor(tag);
         String8 sectionName = mSections[sectionId];
         int type = mTagToTypeMap.at(tag);
-        const char* typeName = (type >= 0 && type < NUM_TYPES) ?
-                camera_metadata_type_names[type] : "UNKNOWN";
-        dprintf(fd, "%*s0x%x (%s) with type %d (%s) defined in section %s\n", indentation + 2,
-            "", tag, name.string(), type, typeName, sectionName.string());
+        const char* typeName =
+                (type >= 0 && type < NUM_TYPES) ? camera_metadata_type_names[type] : "UNKNOWN";
+        dprintf(fd, "%*s0x%x (%s) with type %d (%s) defined in section %s\n", indentation + 2, "",
+                tag, name.string(), type, typeName, sectionName.string());
     }
-
 }
 
 int VendorTagDescriptorCache::getTagCount(metadata_vendor_id_t id) const {
@@ -240,7 +235,7 @@
 }
 
 int32_t VendorTagDescriptorCache::addVendorDescriptor(
-    metadata_vendor_id_t id, sp<hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::VendorTagDescriptor> desc) {
+        metadata_vendor_id_t id, sp<hardware::camera::common::helper::VendorTagDescriptor> desc) {
     auto entry = mVendorMap.find(id);
     if (entry != mVendorMap.end()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Vendor descriptor with same id already present!", __func__);
@@ -252,8 +247,8 @@
 }
 
 int32_t VendorTagDescriptorCache::getVendorTagDescriptor(
-    metadata_vendor_id_t id,
-    sp<hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::VendorTagDescriptor>* desc /*out*/) {
+        metadata_vendor_id_t id,
+        sp<hardware::camera::common::helper::VendorTagDescriptor>* desc /*out*/) {
     auto entry = mVendorMap.find(id);
     if (entry == mVendorMap.end()) {
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
@@ -263,12 +258,11 @@
 
     return NO_ERROR;
 }
-} // namespace params
-} // namespace camera2
+}  // namespace params
+}  // namespace camera2
 
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 extern "C" {
@@ -292,8 +286,8 @@
 static sp<VendorTagDescriptorCache> sGlobalVendorTagDescriptorCache;
 
 status_t VendorTagDescriptor::createDescriptorFromOps(const vendor_tag_ops_t* vOps,
-            /*out*/
-            sp<VendorTagDescriptor>& descriptor) {
+                                                      /*out*/
+                                                      sp<VendorTagDescriptor>& descriptor) {
     if (vOps == NULL) {
         ALOGE("%s: vendor_tag_ops argument was NULL.", __FUNCTION__);
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -307,9 +301,9 @@
 
     Vector<uint32_t> tagArray;
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(tagArray.resize(tagCount) != tagCount,
-            "%s: too many (%u) vendor tags defined.", __FUNCTION__, tagCount);
+                        "%s: too many (%u) vendor tags defined.", __FUNCTION__, tagCount);
 
-    vOps->get_all_tags(vOps, /*out*/tagArray.editArray());
+    vOps->get_all_tags(vOps, /*out*/ tagArray.editArray());
 
     sp<VendorTagDescriptor> desc = new VendorTagDescriptor();
     desc->mTagCount = tagCount;
@@ -323,13 +317,13 @@
             ALOGE("%s: vendor tag %d not in vendor tag section.", __FUNCTION__, tag);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
-        const char *tagName = vOps->get_tag_name(vOps, tag);
+        const char* tagName = vOps->get_tag_name(vOps, tag);
         if (tagName == NULL) {
             ALOGE("%s: no tag name defined for vendor tag %d.", __FUNCTION__, tag);
             return BAD_VALUE;
         }
         desc->mTagToNameMap.add(tag, String8(tagName));
-        const char *sectionName = vOps->get_section_name(vOps, tag);
+        const char* sectionName = vOps->get_section_name(vOps, tag);
         if (sectionName == NULL) {
             ALOGE("%s: no section name defined for vendor tag %d.", __FUNCTION__, tag);
             return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -386,9 +380,9 @@
         opsPtr->get_tag_name = vendor_tag_descriptor_get_tag_name;
         opsPtr->get_tag_type = vendor_tag_descriptor_get_tag_type;
     }
-    if((res = set_camera_metadata_vendor_ops(opsPtr)) != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Could not set vendor tag descriptor, received error %s (%d)."
-                , __FUNCTION__, strerror(-res), res);
+    if ((res = set_camera_metadata_vendor_ops(opsPtr)) != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Could not set vendor tag descriptor, received error %s (%d).", __FUNCTION__,
+              strerror(-res), res);
     }
     return res;
 }
@@ -405,7 +399,7 @@
 }
 
 status_t VendorTagDescriptorCache::setAsGlobalVendorTagCache(
-    const sp<VendorTagDescriptorCache>& cache) {
+        const sp<VendorTagDescriptorCache>& cache) {
     status_t res = OK;
     Mutex::Autolock al(sLock);
     sGlobalVendorTagDescriptorCache = cache;
@@ -530,9 +524,8 @@
 
 } /* extern "C" */
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraMetadata.h b/camera/common/default/include/CameraMetadata.h
similarity index 76%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraMetadata.h
rename to camera/common/default/include/CameraMetadata.h
index d5e4d56..b67914e 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraMetadata.h
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/CameraMetadata.h
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 class VendorTagDescriptor;
@@ -46,15 +45,15 @@
     ~CameraMetadata();
 
     /** Takes ownership of passed-in buffer */
-    CameraMetadata(camera_metadata_t *buffer);
+    CameraMetadata(camera_metadata_t* buffer);
     /** Clones the metadata */
-    CameraMetadata(const CameraMetadata &other);
+    CameraMetadata(const CameraMetadata& other);
 
     /**
      * Assignment clones metadata buffer.
      */
-    CameraMetadata &operator=(const CameraMetadata &other);
-    CameraMetadata &operator=(const camera_metadata_t *buffer);
+    CameraMetadata& operator=(const CameraMetadata& other);
+    CameraMetadata& operator=(const camera_metadata_t* buffer);
 
     /**
      * Get reference to the underlying metadata buffer. Ownership remains with
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@
      * from getAndLock must be provided to guarantee that the right object is
      * being unlocked.
      */
-    status_t unlock(const camera_metadata_t *buffer) const;
+    status_t unlock(const camera_metadata_t* buffer) const;
 
     /**
      * Release a raw metadata buffer to the caller. After this call,
@@ -98,12 +97,12 @@
      * Acquires raw buffer from other CameraMetadata object. After the call, the argument
      * object no longer has any metadata.
      */
-    void acquire(CameraMetadata &other);
+    void acquire(CameraMetadata& other);
 
     /**
      * Append metadata from another CameraMetadata object.
      */
-    status_t append(const CameraMetadata &other);
+    status_t append(const CameraMetadata& other);
 
     /**
      * Append metadata from a raw camera_metadata buffer
@@ -130,24 +129,16 @@
      * will reallocate the buffer if insufficient space exists. Overloaded for
      * the various types of valid data.
      */
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const uint8_t *data, size_t data_count);
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const int32_t *data, size_t data_count);
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const float *data, size_t data_count);
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const int64_t *data, size_t data_count);
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const double *data, size_t data_count);
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const camera_metadata_rational_t *data, size_t data_count);
-    status_t update(uint32_t tag,
-            const String8 &string);
-    status_t update(const camera_metadata_ro_entry &entry);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const uint8_t* data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const int32_t* data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const float* data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const int64_t* data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const double* data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const camera_metadata_rational_t* data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t update(uint32_t tag, const String8& string);
+    status_t update(const camera_metadata_ro_entry& entry);
 
-
-    template<typename T>
+    template <typename T>
     status_t update(uint32_t tag, Vector<T> data) {
         return update(tag, data.array(), data.size());
     }
@@ -177,7 +168,7 @@
      * Swap the underlying camera metadata between this and the other
      * metadata object.
      */
-    void swap(CameraMetadata &other);
+    void swap(CameraMetadata& other);
 
     /**
      * Dump contents into FD for debugging. The verbosity levels are
@@ -196,12 +187,12 @@
      *
      * This is a slow method.
      */
-    static status_t getTagFromName(const char *name,
-            const VendorTagDescriptor* vTags, uint32_t *tag);
+    static status_t getTagFromName(const char* name, const VendorTagDescriptor* vTags,
+                                   uint32_t* tag);
 
   private:
-    camera_metadata_t *mBuffer;
-    mutable bool       mLocked;
+    camera_metadata_t* mBuffer;
+    mutable bool mLocked;
 
     /**
      * Check if tag has a given type
@@ -211,20 +202,25 @@
     /**
      * Base update entry method
      */
-    status_t updateImpl(uint32_t tag, const void *data, size_t data_count);
+    status_t updateImpl(uint32_t tag, const void* data, size_t data_count);
 
     /**
      * Resize metadata buffer if needed by reallocating it and copying it over.
      */
     status_t resizeIfNeeded(size_t extraEntries, size_t extraData);
-
 };
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+
+// NOTE: Deprecated namespace. This namespace should no longer be used.
+namespace V1_0::helper {
+// Export symbols to the old namespace to preserve compatibility
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::CameraMetadata CameraMetadata;
+}  // namespace V1_0::helper
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraModule.h b/camera/common/default/include/CameraModule.h
similarity index 72%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraModule.h
rename to camera/common/default/include/CameraModule.h
index c89e934..5c1f8ec 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraModule.h
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/CameraModule.h
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #include <unordered_set>
 
 #include <hardware/camera.h>
-#include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <utils/KeyedVector.h>
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 #include "CameraMetadata.h"
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 /**
  * A wrapper class for HAL camera module.
@@ -41,21 +40,21 @@
  * camera characteristics keys defined in newer HAL version on an older HAL.
  */
 class CameraModule : public RefBase {
-public:
-    explicit CameraModule(camera_module_t *module);
+  public:
+    explicit CameraModule(camera_module_t* module);
     virtual ~CameraModule();
 
     // Must be called after construction
     // Returns OK on success, NO_INIT on failure
     int init();
 
-    int getCameraInfo(int cameraId, struct camera_info *info);
+    int getCameraInfo(int cameraId, struct camera_info* info);
     int getDeviceVersion(int cameraId);
     int getNumberOfCameras(void);
     int open(const char* id, struct hw_device_t** device);
     bool isOpenLegacyDefined() const;
     int openLegacy(const char* id, uint32_t halVersion, struct hw_device_t** device);
-    int setCallbacks(const camera_module_callbacks_t *callbacks);
+    int setCallbacks(const camera_module_callbacks_t* callbacks);
     bool isVendorTagDefined() const;
     void getVendorTagOps(vendor_tag_ops_t* ops);
     bool isSetTorchModeSupported() const;
@@ -65,25 +64,24 @@
     uint16_t getHalApiVersion() const;
     const char* getModuleAuthor() const;
     // Only used by CameraModuleFixture native test. Do NOT use elsewhere.
-    void *getDso();
+    void* getDso();
     // Only used by CameraProvider
     void removeCamera(int cameraId);
-    int getPhysicalCameraInfo(int physicalCameraId, camera_metadata_t **physicalInfo);
-    int isStreamCombinationSupported(int cameraId, camera_stream_combination_t *streams);
+    int getPhysicalCameraInfo(int physicalCameraId, camera_metadata_t** physicalInfo);
+    int isStreamCombinationSupported(int cameraId, camera_stream_combination_t* streams);
     void notifyDeviceStateChange(uint64_t deviceState);
 
-    static bool isLogicalMultiCamera(
-            const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& metadata,
-            std::unordered_set<std::string>* physicalCameraIds);
+    static bool isLogicalMultiCamera(const common::helper::CameraMetadata& metadata,
+                                     std::unordered_set<std::string>* physicalCameraIds);
 
-private:
+  private:
     // Derive camera characteristics keys defined after HAL device version
-    static void deriveCameraCharacteristicsKeys(uint32_t deviceVersion, CameraMetadata &chars);
+    static void deriveCameraCharacteristicsKeys(uint32_t deviceVersion, CameraMetadata& chars);
     // Helper function to append available[request|result|chars]Keys
-    static void appendAvailableKeys(CameraMetadata &chars,
-            int32_t keyTag, const Vector<int32_t>& appendKeys);
+    static void appendAvailableKeys(CameraMetadata& chars, int32_t keyTag,
+                                    const Vector<int32_t>& appendKeys);
     status_t filterOpenErrorCode(status_t err);
-    camera_module_t *mModule;
+    camera_module_t* mModule;
     int mNumberOfCameras;
     KeyedVector<int, camera_info> mCameraInfoMap;
     KeyedVector<int, int> mDeviceVersionMap;
@@ -91,11 +89,17 @@
     Mutex mCameraInfoLock;
 };
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+
+// NOTE: Deprecated namespace. This namespace should no longer be used for the following symbols
+namespace V1_0::helper {
+// Export symbols to the old namespace to preserve compatibility
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::CameraModule CameraModule;
+}  // namespace V1_0::helper
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraParameters.h b/camera/common/default/include/CameraParameters.h
similarity index 94%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraParameters.h
rename to camera/common/default/include/CameraParameters.h
index e4ff6f2..d2b5075 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/CameraParameters.h
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/CameraParameters.h
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 struct Size {
@@ -42,28 +41,27 @@
     }
 };
 
-class CameraParameters
-{
-public:
+class CameraParameters {
+  public:
     CameraParameters();
-    CameraParameters(const String8 &params) { unflatten(params); }
+    CameraParameters(const String8& params) { unflatten(params); }
     ~CameraParameters();
 
     String8 flatten() const;
-    void unflatten(const String8 &params);
+    void unflatten(const String8& params);
 
-    void set(const char *key, const char *value);
-    void set(const char *key, int value);
-    void setFloat(const char *key, float value);
-    const char *get(const char *key) const;
-    int getInt(const char *key) const;
-    float getFloat(const char *key) const;
+    void set(const char* key, const char* value);
+    void set(const char* key, int value);
+    void setFloat(const char* key, float value);
+    const char* get(const char* key) const;
+    int getInt(const char* key) const;
+    float getFloat(const char* key) const;
 
-    void remove(const char *key);
+    void remove(const char* key);
 
     void setPreviewSize(int width, int height);
-    void getPreviewSize(int *width, int *height) const;
-    void getSupportedPreviewSizes(Vector<Size> &sizes) const;
+    void getPreviewSize(int* width, int* height) const;
+    void getSupportedPreviewSizes(Vector<Size>& sizes) const;
 
     // Set the dimensions in pixels to the given width and height
     // for video frames. The given width and height must be one
@@ -76,14 +74,14 @@
     // supported dimensions returned from getSupportedVideoSizes().
     // Must not be called if getSupportedVideoSizes() returns an
     // empty Vector of Size.
-    void getVideoSize(int *width, int *height) const;
+    void getVideoSize(int* width, int* height) const;
     // Retrieve a Vector of supported dimensions (width and height)
     // in pixels for video frames. If sizes returned from the method
     // is empty, the camera does not support calls to setVideoSize()
     // or getVideoSize(). In adddition, it also indicates that
     // the camera only has a single output, and does not have
     // separate output for video frames and preview frame.
-    void getSupportedVideoSizes(Vector<Size> &sizes) const;
+    void getSupportedVideoSizes(Vector<Size>& sizes) const;
     // Retrieve the preferred preview size (width and height) in pixels
     // for video recording. The given width and height must be one of
     // supported preview sizes returned from getSupportedPreviewSizes().
@@ -91,18 +89,18 @@
     // Vector of Size. If getSupportedVideoSizes() returns an empty
     // Vector of Size, the width and height returned from this method
     // is invalid, and is "-1x-1".
-    void getPreferredPreviewSizeForVideo(int *width, int *height) const;
+    void getPreferredPreviewSizeForVideo(int* width, int* height) const;
 
     void setPreviewFrameRate(int fps);
     int getPreviewFrameRate() const;
-    void getPreviewFpsRange(int *min_fps, int *max_fps) const;
-    void setPreviewFormat(const char *format);
-    const char *getPreviewFormat() const;
+    void getPreviewFpsRange(int* min_fps, int* max_fps) const;
+    void setPreviewFormat(const char* format);
+    const char* getPreviewFormat() const;
     void setPictureSize(int width, int height);
-    void getPictureSize(int *width, int *height) const;
-    void getSupportedPictureSizes(Vector<Size> &sizes) const;
-    void setPictureFormat(const char *format);
-    const char *getPictureFormat() const;
+    void getPictureSize(int* width, int* height) const;
+    void getSupportedPictureSizes(Vector<Size>& sizes) const;
+    void setPictureFormat(const char* format);
+    const char* getPictureFormat() const;
 
     void dump() const;
     status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) const;
@@ -619,9 +617,9 @@
     // Pixel color formats for KEY_PREVIEW_FORMAT, KEY_PICTURE_FORMAT,
     // and KEY_VIDEO_FRAME_FORMAT
     static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422SP[];
-    static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420SP[]; // NV21
-    static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422I[]; // YUY2
-    static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P[]; // YV12
+    static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420SP[];  // NV21
+    static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV422I[];   // YUY2
+    static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_YUV420P[];   // YV12
     static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB565[];
     static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA8888[];
     static const char PIXEL_FORMAT_JPEG[];
@@ -695,15 +693,22 @@
      */
     static int previewFormatToEnum(const char* format);
 
-private:
-    DefaultKeyedVector<String8,String8>    mMap;
+  private:
+    DefaultKeyedVector<String8, String8> mMap;
 };
 
-};
-};
-};
-};
-};
-}; // namespace
+};  // namespace helper
+
+// NOTE: Deprecated namespace. This namespace should no longer be used for the following symbols
+namespace V1_0::helper {
+// Export symbols to the old namespace to preserve compatibility
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::CameraParameters CameraParameters;
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::Size Size;
+}  // namespace V1_0::helper
+
+};  // namespace common
+};  // namespace camera
+};  // namespace hardware
+};  // namespace android
 
 #endif
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/Exif.h b/camera/common/default/include/Exif.h
similarity index 95%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/include/Exif.h
rename to camera/common/default/include/Exif.h
index dc31679..6974b8e 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/Exif.h
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/Exif.h
@@ -23,10 +23,8 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
-
 // This is based on the original ChromeOS ARC implementation of a V4L2 HAL
 
 // ExifUtils can generate APP1 segment with tags which caller set. ExifUtils can
@@ -44,8 +42,7 @@
 //  uint8_t* app1Buffer = new uint8_t[app1Length];
 //  memcpy(app1Buffer, utils->GetApp1Buffer(), app1Length);
 class ExifUtils {
-
- public:
+  public:
     virtual ~ExifUtils();
 
     static ExifUtils* create();
@@ -55,8 +52,7 @@
     virtual bool initialize() = 0;
 
     // Set all known fields from a metadata structure
-    virtual bool setFromMetadata(const CameraMetadata& metadata,
-                                 const size_t imageWidth,
+    virtual bool setFromMetadata(const CameraMetadata& metadata, const size_t imageWidth,
                                  const size_t imageHeight) = 0;
 
     // Sets the len aperture.
@@ -244,13 +240,17 @@
     virtual unsigned int getApp1Length() = 0;
 };
 
+}  // namespace helper
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+// NOTE: Deprecated namespace. This namespace should no longer be used for the following symbols
+namespace V1_0::helper {
+// Export symbols to the old namespace to preserve compatibility
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::ExifUtils ExifUtils;
+}  // namespace V1_0::helper
 
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
 
 #endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_COMMON_1_0_EXIF_H
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/HandleImporter.h b/camera/common/default/include/HandleImporter.h
similarity index 80%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/include/HandleImporter.h
rename to camera/common/default/include/HandleImporter.h
index 83fa755..5408ba9 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/HandleImporter.h
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/HandleImporter.h
@@ -30,12 +30,11 @@
 namespace hardware {
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 // Borrowed from graphics HAL. Use this until gralloc mapper HAL is working
 class HandleImporter {
-public:
+  public:
     HandleImporter();
 
     // In IComposer, any buffer_handle_t is owned by the caller and we need to
@@ -59,23 +58,23 @@
     // Query the stride of the first plane in bytes.
     status_t getMonoPlanarStrideBytes(buffer_handle_t& buf, uint32_t* stride /*out*/);
 
-    int unlock(buffer_handle_t& buf); // returns release fence
+    int unlock(buffer_handle_t& buf);  // returns release fence
 
     // Query Gralloc4 metadata
     bool isSmpte2086Present(const buffer_handle_t& buf);
     bool isSmpte2094_10Present(const buffer_handle_t& buf);
     bool isSmpte2094_40Present(const buffer_handle_t& buf);
 
-private:
+  private:
     void initializeLocked();
     void cleanup();
 
-    template<class M, class E>
+    template <class M, class E>
     bool importBufferInternal(const sp<M> mapper, buffer_handle_t& handle);
-    template<class M, class E>
+    template <class M, class E>
     YCbCrLayout lockYCbCrInternal(const sp<M> mapper, buffer_handle_t& buf, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-            const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion);
-    template<class M, class E>
+                                  const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion);
+    template <class M, class E>
     int unlockInternal(const sp<M> mapper, buffer_handle_t& buf);
 
     Mutex mLock;
@@ -85,11 +84,17 @@
     sp<graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper> mMapperV4;
 };
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
 
-#endif // CAMERA_COMMON_1_0_HANDLEIMPORTED_H
+// NOTE: Deprecated namespace. This namespace should no longer be used for the following symbols
+namespace V1_0::helper {
+// Export symbols to the old namespace to preserve compatibility
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::HandleImporter HandleImporter;
+}  // namespace V1_0::helper
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // CAMERA_COMMON_1_0_HANDLEIMPORTED_H
diff --git a/camera/common/default/include/SimpleThread.h b/camera/common/default/include/SimpleThread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1becd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/SimpleThread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_COMMON_SIMPLETHREAD_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_COMMON_SIMPLETHREAD_H_
+
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace common {
+namespace helper {
+
+// A simple looper based on std::thread.
+class SimpleThread {
+  public:
+    SimpleThread();
+    virtual ~SimpleThread();
+
+    // Explicit call to start execution of the thread. No thread is created before this function
+    // is called.
+    virtual void run() final;
+    virtual void requestExitAndWait() final;
+
+  protected:
+    // Main logic of the thread. This function is called repeatedly until it returns false.
+    // Thread execution stops if this function returns false.
+    virtual bool threadLoop() = 0;
+
+    // Returns true if the thread execution should stop. Should be used by threadLoop to check if
+    // the thread has been requested to exit.
+    virtual inline bool exitPending() final { return mDone.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
+
+  private:
+    // Wraps threadLoop in a simple while loop that allows safe exit
+    virtual void runLoop() final;
+
+    // Flag to signal end of thread execution. This flag is checked before every iteration
+    // of threadLoop.
+    std::atomic_bool mDone;
+    std::thread mThread;
+};
+
+}  // namespace helper
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_COMMON_SIMPLETHREAD_H_
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/VendorTagDescriptor.h b/camera/common/default/include/VendorTagDescriptor.h
similarity index 61%
rename from camera/common/1.0/default/include/VendorTagDescriptor.h
rename to camera/common/default/include/VendorTagDescriptor.h
index 0f54db5..3133c26 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/include/VendorTagDescriptor.h
+++ b/camera/common/default/include/VendorTagDescriptor.h
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
 #ifndef CAMERA_COMMON_1_0_VENDORTAGDESCRIPTOR_H
 #define CAMERA_COMMON_1_0_VENDORTAGDESCRIPTOR_H
 
-#include <utils/Vector.h>
-#include <utils/KeyedVector.h>
-#include <utils/String8.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
 #include <system/camera_vendor_tags.h>
+#include <utils/KeyedVector.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+#include <utils/String8.h>
+#include <utils/Vector.h>
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -37,78 +37,77 @@
  * information enumerated by the HAL to clients of the camera service.
  */
 class VendorTagDescriptor {
-    public:
-        virtual ~VendorTagDescriptor();
+  public:
+    virtual ~VendorTagDescriptor();
 
-        VendorTagDescriptor();
-        VendorTagDescriptor(const VendorTagDescriptor& src);
-        VendorTagDescriptor& operator=(const VendorTagDescriptor& rhs);
+    VendorTagDescriptor();
+    VendorTagDescriptor(const VendorTagDescriptor& src);
+    VendorTagDescriptor& operator=(const VendorTagDescriptor& rhs);
 
-        void copyFrom(const VendorTagDescriptor& src);
+    void copyFrom(const VendorTagDescriptor& src);
 
-        /**
-         * The following 'get*' methods implement the corresponding
-         * functions defined in
-         * system/media/camera/include/system/camera_vendor_tags.h
-         */
+    /**
+     * The following 'get*' methods implement the corresponding
+     * functions defined in
+     * system/media/camera/include/system/camera_vendor_tags.h
+     */
 
-        // Returns the number of vendor tags defined.
-        int getTagCount() const;
+    // Returns the number of vendor tags defined.
+    int getTagCount() const;
 
-        // Returns an array containing the id's of vendor tags defined.
-        void getTagArray(uint32_t* tagArray) const;
+    // Returns an array containing the id's of vendor tags defined.
+    void getTagArray(uint32_t* tagArray) const;
 
-        // Returns the section name string for a given vendor tag id.
-        const char* getSectionName(uint32_t tag) const;
+    // Returns the section name string for a given vendor tag id.
+    const char* getSectionName(uint32_t tag) const;
 
-        // Returns the index in section vectors returned in getAllSectionNames()
-        // for a given vendor tag id. -1 if input tag does not exist.
-        ssize_t getSectionIndex(uint32_t tag) const;
+    // Returns the index in section vectors returned in getAllSectionNames()
+    // for a given vendor tag id. -1 if input tag does not exist.
+    ssize_t getSectionIndex(uint32_t tag) const;
 
-        // Returns the tag name string for a given vendor tag id.
-        const char* getTagName(uint32_t tag) const;
+    // Returns the tag name string for a given vendor tag id.
+    const char* getTagName(uint32_t tag) const;
 
-        // Returns the tag type for a given vendor tag id.
-        int getTagType(uint32_t tag) const;
+    // Returns the tag type for a given vendor tag id.
+    int getTagType(uint32_t tag) const;
 
-        /**
-         * Convenience method to get a vector containing all vendor tag
-         * sections, or an empty vector if none are defined.
-         * The pointer is valid for the lifetime of the VendorTagDescriptor,
-         * or until copyFrom is invoked.
-         */
-        const SortedVector<String8>* getAllSectionNames() const;
+    /**
+     * Convenience method to get a vector containing all vendor tag
+     * sections, or an empty vector if none are defined.
+     * The pointer is valid for the lifetime of the VendorTagDescriptor,
+     * or until copyFrom is invoked.
+     */
+    const SortedVector<String8>* getAllSectionNames() const;
 
-        /**
-         * Lookup the tag id for a given tag name and section.
-         *
-         * Returns OK on success, or a negative error code.
-         */
-        status_t lookupTag(const String8& name, const String8& section, /*out*/uint32_t* tag) const;
+    /**
+     * Lookup the tag id for a given tag name and section.
+     *
+     * Returns OK on success, or a negative error code.
+     */
+    status_t lookupTag(const String8& name, const String8& section, /*out*/ uint32_t* tag) const;
 
-        /**
-         * Dump the currently configured vendor tags to a file descriptor.
-         */
-        void dump(int fd, int verbosity, int indentation) const;
+    /**
+     * Dump the currently configured vendor tags to a file descriptor.
+     */
+    void dump(int fd, int verbosity, int indentation) const;
 
-    protected:
-        KeyedVector<String8, KeyedVector<String8, uint32_t>*> mReverseMapping;
-        KeyedVector<uint32_t, String8> mTagToNameMap;
-        KeyedVector<uint32_t, uint32_t> mTagToSectionMap; // Value is offset in mSections
+  protected:
+    KeyedVector<String8, KeyedVector<String8, uint32_t>*> mReverseMapping;
+    KeyedVector<uint32_t, String8> mTagToNameMap;
+    KeyedVector<uint32_t, uint32_t> mTagToSectionMap;  // Value is offset in mSections
 
-        std::unordered_map<uint32_t, int32_t> mTagToTypeMap;
-        SortedVector<String8> mSections;
-        // must be int32_t to be compatible with Parcel::writeInt32
-        int32_t mTagCount;
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, int32_t> mTagToTypeMap;
+    SortedVector<String8> mSections;
+    // must be int32_t to be compatible with Parcel::writeInt32
+    int32_t mTagCount;
 
-        vendor_tag_ops mVendorOps;
+    vendor_tag_ops mVendorOps;
 };
 } /* namespace params */
 } /* namespace camera2 */
 
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 /**
@@ -119,12 +118,9 @@
  * Parcelable objects cannot require being kept in an sp<> and still work with auto-generated AIDL
  * interface implementations.
  */
-class VendorTagDescriptor :
-            public ::android::hardware::camera2::params::VendorTagDescriptor,
-            public LightRefBase<VendorTagDescriptor> {
-
+class VendorTagDescriptor : public ::android::hardware::camera2::params::VendorTagDescriptor,
+                            public LightRefBase<VendorTagDescriptor> {
   public:
-
     /**
      * Create a VendorTagDescriptor object from the given vendor_tag_ops_t
      * struct.
@@ -132,8 +128,8 @@
      * Returns OK on success, or a negative error code.
      */
     static status_t createDescriptorFromOps(const vendor_tag_ops_t* vOps,
-            /*out*/
-            sp<VendorTagDescriptor>& descriptor);
+                                            /*out*/
+                                            sp<VendorTagDescriptor>& descriptor);
 
     /**
      * Sets the global vendor tag descriptor to use for this process.
@@ -154,11 +150,9 @@
      * Clears the global vendor tag descriptor used by this process.
      */
     static void clearGlobalVendorTagDescriptor();
-
 };
 
 } /* namespace helper */
-} /* namespace V1_0 */
 } /* namespace common */
 } /* namespace camera */
 
@@ -166,9 +160,8 @@
 namespace params {
 
 class VendorTagDescriptorCache {
-   public:
-    typedef android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::VendorTagDescriptor
-        VendorTagDescriptor;
+  public:
+    typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::VendorTagDescriptor VendorTagDescriptor;
     VendorTagDescriptorCache(){};
     int32_t addVendorDescriptor(metadata_vendor_id_t id, sp<VendorTagDescriptor> desc);
 
@@ -194,7 +187,7 @@
      */
     void dump(int fd, int verbosity, int indentation) const;
 
-   protected:
+  protected:
     std::unordered_map<metadata_vendor_id_t, sp<VendorTagDescriptor>> mVendorMap;
     struct vendor_tag_cache_ops mVendorCacheOps;
 };
@@ -204,13 +197,12 @@
 
 namespace camera {
 namespace common {
-namespace V1_0 {
 namespace helper {
 
 class VendorTagDescriptorCache
     : public ::android::hardware::camera2::params::VendorTagDescriptorCache,
       public LightRefBase<VendorTagDescriptorCache> {
-   public:
+  public:
     /**
      * Sets the global vendor tag descriptor cache to use for this process.
      * Camera metadata operations that access vendor tags will use the
@@ -232,11 +224,19 @@
     static void clearGlobalVendorTagCache();
 };
 
-} // namespace helper
-} // namespace V1_0
-} // namespace common
-} // namespace camera
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
+}  // namespace helper
+
+// NOTE: Deprecated namespace. This namespace should no longer be used for the following symbols
+namespace V1_0::helper {
+// Export symbols to the old namespace to preserve compatibility
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::VendorTagDescriptor VendorTagDescriptor;
+typedef android::hardware::camera::common::helper::VendorTagDescriptorCache
+        VendorTagDescriptorCache;
+}  // namespace V1_0::helper
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
 
 #endif /* CAMERA_COMMON_1_0_VENDORTAGDESCRIPTOR_H */
diff --git a/camera/device/default/Android.bp b/camera/device/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b577597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "camera.device-external-impl",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    proprietary: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "ExternalCameraDevice.cpp",
+        "ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp",
+        "ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp",
+        "ExternalCameraUtils.cpp",
+        "convert.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-V4-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
+        "android.hidl.allocator@1.0",
+        "android.hidl.memory@1.0",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libexif",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libgralloctypes",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidlmemory",
+        "libjpeg",
+        "liblog",
+        "libsync",
+        "libtinyxml2",
+        "libutils",
+        "libyuv",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "media_plugin_headers",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..677fb42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1001 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ExtCamDev"
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "ExternalCameraDevice.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <convert.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+#include <regex>
+#include <set>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+
+namespace {
+// Only support MJPEG for now as it seems to be the one supports higher fps
+// Other formats to consider in the future:
+// * V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420 (== YV12)
+// * V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVYU (YVYU: can be converted to YV12 or other YUV420_888 formats)
+const std::array<uint32_t, /*size*/ 2> kSupportedFourCCs{
+        {V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG, V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16}};  // double braces required in C++11
+
+constexpr int MAX_RETRY = 5;                  // Allow retry v4l2 open failures a few times.
+constexpr int OPEN_RETRY_SLEEP_US = 100'000;  // 100ms * MAX_RETRY = 0.5 seconds
+
+const std::regex kDevicePathRE("/dev/video([0-9]+)");
+}  // namespace
+
+std::string ExternalCameraDevice::kDeviceVersion = "1.1";
+
+ExternalCameraDevice::ExternalCameraDevice(const std::string& devicePath,
+                                           const ExternalCameraConfig& config)
+    : mCameraId("-1"), mDevicePath(devicePath), mCfg(config) {
+    std::smatch sm;
+    if (std::regex_match(mDevicePath, sm, kDevicePathRE)) {
+        mCameraId = std::to_string(mCfg.cameraIdOffset + std::stoi(sm[1]));
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("%s: device path match failed for %s", __FUNCTION__, mDevicePath.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+ExternalCameraDevice::~ExternalCameraDevice() {}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getCameraCharacteristics(CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    if (isInitFailedLocked()) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    const camera_metadata_t* rawMetadata = mCameraCharacteristics.getAndLock();
+    convertToAidl(rawMetadata, _aidl_return);
+    mCameraCharacteristics.unlock(rawMetadata);
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(const std::string&,
+                                                                          CameraMetadata*) {
+    ALOGE("%s: Physical camera functions are not supported for external cameras.", __FUNCTION__);
+    return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getResourceCost(CameraResourceCost* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    _aidl_return->resourceCost = 100;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::isStreamCombinationSupported(
+        const StreamConfiguration& in_streams, bool* _aidl_return) {
+    if (isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera %s. camera init failed!", __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+    Status s = ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isStreamCombinationSupported(in_streams,
+                                                                         mSupportedFormats, mCfg);
+    *_aidl_return = s == Status::OK;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::open(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+        std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceSession>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open camera %s. return session ptr is null!", __FUNCTION__,
+              mCameraId.c_str());
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    if (isInitFailedLocked()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open camera %s. camera init failed!", __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> session;
+    ALOGV("%s: Initializing device for camera %s", __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+    session = mSession.lock();
+
+    if (session != nullptr && !session->isClosed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open an already opened camera!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::CAMERA_IN_USE);
+    }
+
+    int numAttempt = 0;
+    unique_fd fd(::open(mDevicePath.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+    while (fd.get() < 0 && numAttempt < MAX_RETRY) {
+        // Previous retry attempts failed. Retry opening the device at most MAX_RETRY times
+        ALOGW("%s: v4l2 device %s open failed, wait 33ms and try again", __FUNCTION__,
+              mDevicePath.c_str());
+        usleep(OPEN_RETRY_SLEEP_US);  // sleep and try again
+        fd.reset(::open(mDevicePath.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+        numAttempt++;
+    }
+
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 device open %s failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, mDevicePath.c_str(),
+              strerror(errno));
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    session = createSession(in_callback, mCfg, mSupportedFormats, mCroppingType,
+                            mCameraCharacteristics, mCameraId, std::move(fd));
+    if (session == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera device session allocation failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    if (session->isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera device session init failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    mSession = session;
+    *_aidl_return = session;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::openInjectionSession(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>&, std::shared_ptr<ICameraInjectionSession>*) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::setTorchMode(bool) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(int32_t) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDevice::getTorchStrengthLevel(int32_t*) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> ExternalCameraDevice::createSession(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& cb, const ExternalCameraConfig& cfg,
+        const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFormats, const CroppingType& croppingType,
+        const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars, const std::string& cameraId,
+        unique_fd v4l2Fd) {
+    return ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ExternalCameraDeviceSession>(
+            cb, cfg, sortedFormats, croppingType, chars, cameraId, std::move(v4l2Fd));
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDevice::isInitFailed() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    return isInitFailedLocked();
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDevice::isInitFailedLocked() {
+    if (!mInitialized) {
+        status_t ret = initCameraCharacteristics();
+        if (ret != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: init camera characteristics failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+            mInitFailed = true;
+        }
+        mInitialized = true;
+    }
+    return mInitFailed;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::initSupportedFormatsLocked(int fd) {
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> horizontalFmts =
+            getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(fd, HORIZONTAL, mCfg.fpsLimits, mCfg.depthFpsLimits,
+                                               mCfg.minStreamSize, mCfg.depthEnabled);
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> verticalFmts =
+            getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(fd, VERTICAL, mCfg.fpsLimits, mCfg.depthFpsLimits,
+                                               mCfg.minStreamSize, mCfg.depthEnabled);
+
+    size_t horiSize = horizontalFmts.size();
+    size_t vertSize = verticalFmts.size();
+
+    if (horiSize == 0 && vertSize == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot find suitable cropping type!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (horiSize == 0) {
+        mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+        return;
+    } else if (vertSize == 0) {
+        mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& maxHoriSize = horizontalFmts[horizontalFmts.size() - 1];
+    const auto& maxVertSize = verticalFmts[verticalFmts.size() - 1];
+
+    // Try to keep the largest possible output size
+    // When they are the same or ambiguous, pick the one support more sizes
+    if (maxHoriSize.width == maxVertSize.width && maxHoriSize.height == maxVertSize.height) {
+        if (horiSize > vertSize) {
+            mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+        } else {
+            mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+        }
+    } else if (maxHoriSize.width >= maxVertSize.width && maxHoriSize.height >= maxVertSize.height) {
+        mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+    } else if (maxHoriSize.width <= maxVertSize.width && maxHoriSize.height <= maxVertSize.height) {
+        mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+        mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+    } else {
+        if (horiSize > vertSize) {
+            mSupportedFormats = horizontalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = HORIZONTAL;
+        } else {
+            mSupportedFormats = verticalFmts;
+            mCroppingType = VERTICAL;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initCameraCharacteristics() {
+    if (!mCameraCharacteristics.isEmpty()) {
+        // Camera Characteristics previously initialized. Skip.
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    // init camera characteristics
+    unique_fd fd(::open(mDevicePath.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+    if (fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 device open %s failed", __FUNCTION__, mDevicePath.c_str());
+        return DEAD_OBJECT;
+    }
+
+    status_t ret;
+    ret = initDefaultCharsKeys(&mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init default characteristics key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = initCameraControlsCharsKeys(fd.get(), &mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init camera control characteristics key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = initOutputCharsKeys(fd.get(), &mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init output characteristics key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = initAvailableCapabilities(&mCameraCharacteristics);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init available capabilities key failed: errorno %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        mCameraCharacteristics.clear();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+#define UPDATE(tag, data, size)                        \
+    do {                                               \
+        if (metadata->update((tag), (data), (size))) { \
+            ALOGE("Update " #tag " failed!");          \
+            return -EINVAL;                            \
+        }                                              \
+    } while (0)
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initAvailableCapabilities(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    if (mSupportedFormats.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Supported formats list is empty", __FUNCTION__);
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    bool hasDepth = false;
+    bool hasColor = false;
+    for (const auto& fmt : mSupportedFormats) {
+        switch (fmt.fourcc) {
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16:
+                hasDepth = true;
+                break;
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG:
+                hasColor = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ALOGW("%s: Unsupported format found", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> availableCapabilities;
+    if (hasDepth) {
+        availableCapabilities.push_back(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_DEPTH_OUTPUT);
+    }
+    if (hasColor) {
+        availableCapabilities.push_back(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES_BACKWARD_COMPATIBLE);
+    }
+    if (!availableCapabilities.empty()) {
+        UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES, availableCapabilities.data(),
+               availableCapabilities.size());
+    }
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initDefaultCharsKeys(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    const uint8_t hardware_level = ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_EXTERNAL;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL, &hardware_level, 1);
+
+    // android.colorCorrection
+    const uint8_t availableAberrationModes[] = {ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE_OFF};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_AVAILABLE_ABERRATION_MODES, availableAberrationModes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(availableAberrationModes));
+
+    // android.control
+    const uint8_t antibandingMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_ANTIBANDING_MODES, &antibandingMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t controlMaxRegions[] = {/*AE*/ 0, /*AWB*/ 0, /*AF*/ 0};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS, controlMaxRegions, ARRAY_SIZE(controlMaxRegions));
+
+    const uint8_t videoStabilizationMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODES, &videoStabilizationMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t awbAvailableMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_AVAILABLE_MODES, &awbAvailableMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t aeAvailableMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_MODES, &aeAvailableMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t availableFffect = ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_EFFECTS, &availableFffect, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t controlAvailableModes[] = {ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_OFF, ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_AUTO};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_MODES, controlAvailableModes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(controlAvailableModes));
+
+    // android.edge
+    const uint8_t edgeMode = ANDROID_EDGE_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_EDGE_AVAILABLE_EDGE_MODES, &edgeMode, 1);
+
+    // android.flash
+    const uint8_t flashInfo = ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE, &flashInfo, 1);
+
+    // android.hotPixel
+    const uint8_t hotPixelMode = ANDROID_HOT_PIXEL_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_HOT_PIXEL_AVAILABLE_HOT_PIXEL_MODES, &hotPixelMode, 1);
+
+    // android.jpeg
+    const int32_t jpegAvailableThumbnailSizes[] = {0,   0,   176, 144, 240, 144, 256,
+                                                   144, 240, 160, 256, 154, 240, 180};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_JPEG_AVAILABLE_THUMBNAIL_SIZES, jpegAvailableThumbnailSizes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(jpegAvailableThumbnailSizes));
+
+    const int32_t jpegMaxSize = mCfg.maxJpegBufSize;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_JPEG_MAX_SIZE, &jpegMaxSize, 1);
+
+    // android.lens
+    const uint8_t focusDistanceCalibration =
+            ANDROID_LENS_INFO_FOCUS_DISTANCE_CALIBRATION_UNCALIBRATED;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_LENS_INFO_FOCUS_DISTANCE_CALIBRATION, &focusDistanceCalibration, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t opticalStabilizationMode = ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_LENS_INFO_AVAILABLE_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION, &opticalStabilizationMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t facing = ANDROID_LENS_FACING_EXTERNAL;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_LENS_FACING, &facing, 1);
+
+    // android.noiseReduction
+    const uint8_t noiseReductionMode = ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_AVAILABLE_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODES, &noiseReductionMode, 1);
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE, &noiseReductionMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t partialResultCount = 1;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_PARTIAL_RESULT_COUNT, &partialResultCount, 1);
+
+    // This means pipeline latency of X frame intervals. The maximum number is 4.
+    const uint8_t requestPipelineMaxDepth = 4;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_PIPELINE_MAX_DEPTH, &requestPipelineMaxDepth, 1);
+
+    // Three numbers represent the maximum numbers of different types of output
+    // streams simultaneously. The types are raw sensor, processed (but not
+    // stalling), and processed (but stalling). For usb limited mode, raw sensor
+    // is not supported. Stalling stream is JPEG. Non-stalling streams are
+    // YUV_420_888 or YV12.
+    const int32_t requestMaxNumOutputStreams[] = {
+            /*RAW*/ 0,
+            /*Processed*/ ExternalCameraDeviceSession::kMaxProcessedStream,
+            /*Stall*/ ExternalCameraDeviceSession::kMaxStallStream};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_MAX_NUM_OUTPUT_STREAMS, requestMaxNumOutputStreams,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(requestMaxNumOutputStreams));
+
+    // Limited mode doesn't support reprocessing.
+    const int32_t requestMaxNumInputStreams = 0;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_MAX_NUM_INPUT_STREAMS, &requestMaxNumInputStreams, 1);
+
+    // android.scaler
+    // TODO: b/72263447 V4L2_CID_ZOOM_*
+    const float scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom[] = {1};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM, scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom));
+
+    const uint8_t croppingType = ANDROID_SCALER_CROPPING_TYPE_CENTER_ONLY;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SCALER_CROPPING_TYPE, &croppingType, 1);
+
+    const int32_t testPatternModes[] = {ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_OFF,
+                                        ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_SOLID_COLOR};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_AVAILABLE_TEST_PATTERN_MODES, testPatternModes,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(testPatternModes));
+
+    const uint8_t timestampSource = ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_TIMESTAMP_SOURCE_UNKNOWN;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_TIMESTAMP_SOURCE, &timestampSource, 1);
+
+    // Orientation is a bit odd for external camera, but consider it as the orientation
+    // between the external camera sensor (which is usually landscape) and the device's
+    // natural display orientation. For devices with natural landscape display (ex: tablet/TV), the
+    // orientation should be 0. For devices with natural portrait display (phone), the orientation
+    // should be 270.
+    const int32_t orientation = mCfg.orientation;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION, &orientation, 1);
+
+    // android.shading
+    const uint8_t availableMode = ANDROID_SHADING_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SHADING_AVAILABLE_MODES, &availableMode, 1);
+
+    // android.statistics
+    const uint8_t faceDetectMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_FACE_DETECT_MODES, &faceDetectMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t maxFaceCount = 0;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_MAX_FACE_COUNT, &maxFaceCount, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t availableHotpixelMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODES, &availableHotpixelMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t lensShadingMapMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODES, &lensShadingMapMode, 1);
+
+    // android.sync
+    const int32_t maxLatency = ANDROID_SYNC_MAX_LATENCY_UNKNOWN;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SYNC_MAX_LATENCY, &maxLatency, 1);
+
+    /* Other sensor/RAW related keys:
+     * android.sensor.info.colorFilterArrangement -> no need if we don't do RAW
+     * android.sensor.info.physicalSize           -> not available
+     * android.sensor.info.whiteLevel             -> not available/not needed
+     * android.sensor.info.lensShadingApplied     -> not needed
+     * android.sensor.info.preCorrectionActiveArraySize -> not available/not needed
+     * android.sensor.blackLevelPattern           -> not available/not needed
+     */
+
+    const int32_t availableRequestKeys[] = {ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_TARGET_FPS_RANGE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_FLASH_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_ORIENTATION,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY,
+                                            ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE,
+                                            ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION,
+                                            ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE,
+                                            ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_REQUEST_KEYS, availableRequestKeys,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(availableRequestKeys));
+
+    const int32_t availableResultKeys[] = {ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_TARGET_FPS_RANGE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_FLASH_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_FLASH_STATE,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_ORIENTATION,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY,
+                                           ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE,
+                                           ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_REQUEST_PIPELINE_DEPTH,
+                                           ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION,
+                                           ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE,
+                                           ANDROID_STATISTICS_SCENE_FLICKER};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_RESULT_KEYS, availableResultKeys,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(availableResultKeys));
+
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS, AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS.data(),
+           AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS.size());
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initCameraControlsCharsKeys(
+        int, ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    // android.sensor.info.sensitivityRange   -> V4L2_CID_ISO_SENSITIVITY
+    // android.sensor.info.exposureTimeRange  -> V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_ABSOLUTE
+    // android.sensor.info.maxFrameDuration   -> TBD
+    // android.lens.info.minimumFocusDistance -> V4L2_CID_FOCUS_ABSOLUTE
+    // android.lens.info.hyperfocalDistance
+    // android.lens.info.availableFocalLengths -> not available?
+
+    // android.control
+    // No AE compensation support for now.
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE_BIAS
+    const int32_t controlAeCompensationRange[] = {0, 0};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE, controlAeCompensationRange,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(controlAeCompensationRange));
+    const camera_metadata_rational_t controlAeCompensationStep[] = {{0, 1}};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP, controlAeCompensationStep,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(controlAeCompensationStep));
+
+    // TODO: Check V4L2_CID_AUTO_FOCUS_*.
+    const uint8_t afAvailableModes[] = {ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_AUTO, ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_OFF};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES, afAvailableModes, ARRAY_SIZE(afAvailableModes));
+
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_SCENE_MODE
+    const uint8_t availableSceneMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE_DISABLED;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_SCENE_MODES, &availableSceneMode, 1);
+
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_3A_LOCK
+    const uint8_t aeLockAvailable = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &aeLockAvailable, 1);
+    const uint8_t awbLockAvailable = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE_FALSE;
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE, &awbLockAvailable, 1);
+
+    // TODO: V4L2_CID_ZOOM_*
+    const float scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom[] = {1};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM, scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(scalerAvailableMaxDigitalZoom));
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initOutputCharsKeys(
+        int fd, ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    initSupportedFormatsLocked(fd);
+    if (mSupportedFormats.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Init supported format list failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    bool hasDepth = false;
+    bool hasColor = false;
+
+    // For V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16
+    std::array<int, /*size*/ 1> halDepthFormats{{HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16}};
+    // For V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG
+    std::array<int, /*size*/ 3> halFormats{{HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB, HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888,
+                                            HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED}};
+
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        switch (supportedFormat.fourcc) {
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16:
+                hasDepth = true;
+                break;
+            case V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG:
+                hasColor = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ALOGW("%s: format %c%c%c%c is not supported!", __FUNCTION__,
+                      supportedFormat.fourcc & 0xFF, (supportedFormat.fourcc >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                      (supportedFormat.fourcc >> 16) & 0xFF, (supportedFormat.fourcc >> 24) & 0xFF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (hasDepth) {
+        status_t ret = initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(
+                metadata, V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16, halDepthFormats,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS,
+                ANDROID_DEPTH_AVAILABLE_DEPTH_STALL_DURATIONS);
+        if (ret != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to initialize depth format keys: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+                  statusToString(ret).c_str());
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+    if (hasColor) {
+        status_t ret =
+                initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(metadata, V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG, halFormats,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS_OUTPUT,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MIN_FRAME_DURATIONS,
+                                            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STALL_DURATIONS);
+        if (ret != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Unable to initialize color format keys: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+                  statusToString(ret).c_str());
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    status_t ret = calculateMinFps(metadata);
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to update fps metadata: %s", __FUNCTION__, statusToString(ret).c_str());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    SupportedV4L2Format maximumFormat{.width = 0, .height = 0};
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        if (supportedFormat.width >= maximumFormat.width &&
+            supportedFormat.height >= maximumFormat.height) {
+            maximumFormat = supportedFormat;
+        }
+    }
+    int32_t activeArraySize[] = {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.width),
+                                 static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.height)};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE, activeArraySize,
+           ARRAY_SIZE(activeArraySize));
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE, activeArraySize, ARRAY_SIZE(activeArraySize));
+
+    int32_t pixelArraySize[] = {static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.width),
+                                static_cast<int32_t>(maximumFormat.height)};
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PIXEL_ARRAY_SIZE, pixelArraySize, ARRAY_SIZE(pixelArraySize));
+    return OK;
+}
+
+template <size_t SIZE>
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata,
+        uint32_t fourcc, const std::array<int, SIZE>& halFormats, int streamConfigTag,
+        int streamConfigurationKey, int minFrameDurationKey, int stallDurationKey) {
+    if (mSupportedFormats.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Init supported format list failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> streamConfigurations;
+    std::vector<int64_t> minFrameDurations;
+    std::vector<int64_t> stallDurations;
+
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        if (supportedFormat.fourcc != fourcc) {
+            // Skip 4CCs not meant for the halFormats
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (const auto& format : halFormats) {
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(format);
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(supportedFormat.width);
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(supportedFormat.height);
+            streamConfigurations.push_back(streamConfigTag);
+        }
+
+        int64_t minFrameDuration = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
+        for (const auto& fr : supportedFormat.frameRates) {
+            // 1000000000LL < (2^32 - 1) and
+            // fr.durationNumerator is uint32_t, so no overflow here
+            int64_t frameDuration = 1000000000LL * fr.durationNumerator / fr.durationDenominator;
+            if (frameDuration < minFrameDuration) {
+                minFrameDuration = frameDuration;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& format : halFormats) {
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(format);
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.width);
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.height);
+            minFrameDurations.push_back(minFrameDuration);
+        }
+
+        // The stall duration is 0 for non-jpeg formats. For JPEG format, stall
+        // duration can be 0 if JPEG is small. Here we choose 1 sec for JPEG.
+        // TODO: b/72261675. Maybe set this dynamically
+        for (const auto& format : halFormats) {
+            const int64_t NS_TO_SECOND = 1E9;
+            int64_t stall_duration = (format == HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB) ? NS_TO_SECOND : 0;
+            stallDurations.push_back(format);
+            stallDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.width);
+            stallDurations.push_back(supportedFormat.height);
+            stallDurations.push_back(stall_duration);
+        }
+    }
+
+    UPDATE(streamConfigurationKey, streamConfigurations.data(), streamConfigurations.size());
+
+    UPDATE(minFrameDurationKey, minFrameDurations.data(), minFrameDurations.size());
+
+    UPDATE(stallDurationKey, stallDurations.data(), stallDurations.size());
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDevice::calculateMinFps(
+        ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata) {
+    std::set<int32_t> framerates;
+    int32_t minFps = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        for (const auto& fr : supportedFormat.frameRates) {
+            int32_t frameRateInt = static_cast<int32_t>(fr.getFramesPerSecond());
+            if (minFps > frameRateInt) {
+                minFps = frameRateInt;
+            }
+            framerates.insert(frameRateInt);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> fpsRanges;
+    // FPS ranges
+    for (const auto& framerate : framerates) {
+        // Empirical: webcams often have close to 2x fps error and cannot support fixed fps range
+        fpsRanges.push_back(framerate / 2);
+        fpsRanges.push_back(framerate);
+    }
+    minFps /= 2;
+    int64_t maxFrameDuration = 1000000000LL / minFps;
+
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES, fpsRanges.data(), fpsRanges.size());
+
+    UPDATE(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_MAX_FRAME_DURATION, &maxFrameDuration, 1);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#undef ARRAY_SIZE
+#undef UPDATE
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::getFrameRateList(int fd, double fpsUpperBound,
+                                            SupportedV4L2Format* format) {
+    format->frameRates.clear();
+
+    v4l2_frmivalenum frameInterval{
+            .index = 0,
+            .pixel_format = format->fourcc,
+            .width = static_cast<__u32>(format->width),
+            .height = static_cast<__u32>(format->height),
+    };
+
+    for (frameInterval.index = 0;
+         TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMEINTERVALS, &frameInterval)) == 0;
+         ++frameInterval.index) {
+        if (frameInterval.type == V4L2_FRMIVAL_TYPE_DISCRETE) {
+            if (frameInterval.discrete.numerator != 0) {
+                SupportedV4L2Format::FrameRate fr = {frameInterval.discrete.numerator,
+                                                     frameInterval.discrete.denominator};
+                double framerate = fr.getFramesPerSecond();
+                if (framerate > fpsUpperBound) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ALOGV("index:%d, format:%c%c%c%c, w %d, h %d, framerate %f", frameInterval.index,
+                      frameInterval.pixel_format & 0xFF, (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                      (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                      (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 24) & 0xFF, frameInterval.width,
+                      frameInterval.height, framerate);
+                format->frameRates.push_back(fr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (format->frameRates.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to get supported frame rates for format:%c%c%c%c w %d h %d", __FUNCTION__,
+              frameInterval.pixel_format & 0xFF, (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 8) & 0xFF,
+              (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 16) & 0xFF, (frameInterval.pixel_format >> 24) & 0xFF,
+              frameInterval.width, frameInterval.height);
+    }
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::updateFpsBounds(
+        int fd, CroppingType cropType,
+        const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits,
+        SupportedV4L2Format format, std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& outFmts) {
+    double fpsUpperBound = -1.0;
+    for (const auto& limit : fpsLimits) {
+        if (cropType == VERTICAL) {
+            if (format.width <= limit.size.width) {
+                fpsUpperBound = limit.fpsUpperBound;
+                break;
+            }
+        } else {  // HORIZONTAL
+            if (format.height <= limit.size.height) {
+                fpsUpperBound = limit.fpsUpperBound;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (fpsUpperBound < 0.f) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    getFrameRateList(fd, fpsUpperBound, &format);
+    if (!format.frameRates.empty()) {
+        outFmts.push_back(format);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> ExternalCameraDevice::getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(
+        int fd, CroppingType cropType,
+        const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits,
+        const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& depthFpsLimits,
+        const Size& minStreamSize, bool depthEnabled) {
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> outFmts;
+    struct v4l2_fmtdesc fmtdesc {
+        .index = 0, .type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE
+    };
+    int ret = 0;
+    while (ret == 0) {
+        ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT, &fmtdesc));
+        ALOGV("index:%d,ret:%d, format:%c%c%c%c", fmtdesc.index, ret, fmtdesc.pixelformat & 0xFF,
+              (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 8) & 0xFF, (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 16) & 0xFF,
+              (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 24) & 0xFF);
+
+        if (ret != 0 || (fmtdesc.flags & V4L2_FMT_FLAG_EMULATED)) {
+            // Skip if IOCTL failed, or if the format is emulated
+            fmtdesc.index++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto it =
+                std::find(kSupportedFourCCs.begin(), kSupportedFourCCs.end(), fmtdesc.pixelformat);
+        if (it == kSupportedFourCCs.end()) {
+            fmtdesc.index++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Found supported format
+        v4l2_frmsizeenum frameSize{.index = 0, .pixel_format = fmtdesc.pixelformat};
+        for (; TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_ENUM_FRAMESIZES, &frameSize)) == 0;
+             ++frameSize.index) {
+            if (frameSize.type == V4L2_FRMSIZE_TYPE_DISCRETE) {
+                ALOGV("index:%d, format:%c%c%c%c, w %d, h %d", frameSize.index,
+                      fmtdesc.pixelformat & 0xFF, (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                      (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 16) & 0xFF, (fmtdesc.pixelformat >> 24) & 0xFF,
+                      frameSize.discrete.width, frameSize.discrete.height);
+
+                // Disregard h > w formats so all aspect ratio (h/w) <= 1.0
+                // This will simplify the crop/scaling logic down the road
+                if (frameSize.discrete.height > frameSize.discrete.width) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // Discard all formats which is smaller than minStreamSize
+                if (frameSize.discrete.width < minStreamSize.width ||
+                    frameSize.discrete.height < minStreamSize.height) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                SupportedV4L2Format format{
+                        .width = static_cast<int32_t>(frameSize.discrete.width),
+                        .height = static_cast<int32_t>(frameSize.discrete.height),
+                        .fourcc = fmtdesc.pixelformat};
+
+                if (format.fourcc == V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16 && depthEnabled) {
+                    updateFpsBounds(fd, cropType, depthFpsLimits, format, outFmts);
+                } else {
+                    updateFpsBounds(fd, cropType, fpsLimits, format, outFmts);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        fmtdesc.index++;
+    }
+    trimSupportedFormats(cropType, &outFmts);
+    return outFmts;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDevice::trimSupportedFormats(CroppingType cropType,
+                                                std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>* pFmts) {
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFmts = *pFmts;
+    if (cropType == VERTICAL) {
+        std::sort(sortedFmts.begin(), sortedFmts.end(),
+                  [](const SupportedV4L2Format& a, const SupportedV4L2Format& b) -> bool {
+                      if (a.width == b.width) {
+                          return a.height < b.height;
+                      }
+                      return a.width < b.width;
+                  });
+    } else {
+        std::sort(sortedFmts.begin(), sortedFmts.end(),
+                  [](const SupportedV4L2Format& a, const SupportedV4L2Format& b) -> bool {
+                      if (a.height == b.height) {
+                          return a.width < b.width;
+                      }
+                      return a.height < b.height;
+                  });
+    }
+
+    if (sortedFmts.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: input format list is empty!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& maxSize = sortedFmts[sortedFmts.size() - 1];
+    float maxSizeAr = ASPECT_RATIO(maxSize);
+
+    // Remove formats that has aspect ratio not croppable from largest size
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> out;
+    for (const auto& fmt : sortedFmts) {
+        float ar = ASPECT_RATIO(fmt);
+        if (isAspectRatioClose(ar, maxSizeAr)) {
+            out.push_back(fmt);
+        } else if (cropType == HORIZONTAL && ar < maxSizeAr) {
+            out.push_back(fmt);
+        } else if (cropType == VERTICAL && ar > maxSizeAr) {
+            out.push_back(fmt);
+        } else {
+            ALOGV("%s: size (%d,%d) is removed due to unable to crop %s from (%d,%d)", __FUNCTION__,
+                  fmt.width, fmt.height, cropType == VERTICAL ? "vertically" : "horizontally",
+                  maxSize.width, maxSize.height);
+        }
+    }
+    sortedFmts = out;
+}
+
+binder_status_t ExternalCameraDevice::dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) {
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> session = mSession.lock();
+    if (session == nullptr) {
+        dprintf(fd, "No active camera device session instance\n");
+        return STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    return session->dump(fd, args, numArgs);
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.h b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcae194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERADEVICE_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERADEVICE_H_
+
+#include <ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h>
+#include <ExternalCameraUtils.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDevice.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraResourceCost;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDevice;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraInjectionSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::external::common::ExternalCameraConfig;
+
+class ExternalCameraDevice : public BnCameraDevice {
+  public:
+    // Called by external camera provider HAL.
+    // Provider HAL must ensure the uniqueness of CameraDevice object per cameraId, or there could
+    // be multiple CameraDevice trying to access the same physical camera.  Also, provider will have
+    // to keep track of all CameraDevice objects in order to notify CameraDevice when the underlying
+    // camera is detached.
+    ExternalCameraDevice(const std::string& devicePath, const ExternalCameraConfig& config);
+    ~ExternalCameraDevice() override;
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraCharacteristics(CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getPhysicalCameraCharacteristics(const std::string& in_physicalCameraId,
+                                                        CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getResourceCost(CameraResourceCost* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus isStreamCombinationSupported(const StreamConfiguration& in_streams,
+                                                    bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus open(const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+                            std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceSession>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus openInjectionSession(
+            const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_callback,
+            std::shared_ptr<ICameraInjectionSession>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setTorchMode(bool in_on) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus turnOnTorchWithStrengthLevel(int32_t in_torchStrength) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getTorchStrengthLevel(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+
+    binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+    // Caller must use this method to check if CameraDevice ctor failed
+    bool isInitFailed();
+
+    // Device version to be used by the external camera provider.
+    // Should be of the form <major>.<minor>
+    static std::string kDeviceVersion;
+
+  private:
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> createSession(
+            const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>&, const ExternalCameraConfig& cfg,
+            const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFormats, const CroppingType& croppingType,
+            const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars, const std::string& cameraId,
+            unique_fd v4l2Fd);
+
+    bool isInitFailedLocked();
+
+    // Init supported w/h/format/fps in mSupportedFormats. Caller still owns fd
+    void initSupportedFormatsLocked(int fd);
+
+    // Calls into virtual member function. Do not use it in constructor
+    status_t initCameraCharacteristics();
+    // Init available capabilities keys
+    virtual status_t initAvailableCapabilities(
+            ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata*);
+    // Init non-device dependent keys
+    virtual status_t initDefaultCharsKeys(
+            ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata*);
+    // Init camera control chars keys. Caller still owns fd
+    status_t initCameraControlsCharsKeys(
+            int fd, ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata*);
+    // Init camera output configuration related keys.  Caller still owns fd
+    status_t initOutputCharsKeys(
+            int fd, ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata*);
+
+    // Helper function for initOutputCharskeys
+    template <size_t SIZE>
+    status_t initOutputCharsKeysByFormat(
+            ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata* metadata,
+            uint32_t fourcc, const std::array<int, SIZE>& halFormats, int streamConfigTag,
+            int streamConfiguration, int minFrameDuration, int stallDuration);
+
+    status_t calculateMinFps(::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata*);
+
+    static void getFrameRateList(int fd, double fpsUpperBound, SupportedV4L2Format* format);
+
+    static void updateFpsBounds(int fd, CroppingType cropType,
+                                const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits,
+                                SupportedV4L2Format format,
+                                std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& outFmts);
+
+    // Get candidate supported formats list of input cropping type.
+    static std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> getCandidateSupportedFormatsLocked(
+            int fd, CroppingType cropType,
+            const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits,
+            const std::vector<ExternalCameraConfig::FpsLimitation>& depthFpsLimits,
+            const Size& minStreamSize, bool depthEnabled);
+    // Trim supported format list by the cropping type. Also sort output formats by width/height
+    static void trimSupportedFormats(CroppingType cropType,
+                                     /*inout*/ std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>* pFmts);
+
+    Mutex mLock;
+    bool mInitialized = false;
+    bool mInitFailed = false;
+    std::string mCameraId;
+    std::string mDevicePath;
+    const ExternalCameraConfig& mCfg;
+    std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> mSupportedFormats;
+    CroppingType mCroppingType;
+
+    std::weak_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> mSession =
+            std::weak_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession>();
+
+    ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata mCameraCharacteristics;
+
+    const std::vector<int32_t> AVAILABLE_CHARACTERISTICS_KEYS = {
+            ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_AVAILABLE_ABERRATION_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_ANTIBANDING_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_AVAILABLE_TARGET_FPS_RANGES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_RANGE,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_COMPENSATION_STEP,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_AVAILABLE,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_AVAILABLE_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_EFFECTS,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_SCENE_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AVAILABLE_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_AVAILABLE_MODES,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_AVAILABLE,
+            ANDROID_CONTROL_MAX_REGIONS,
+            ANDROID_FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE,
+            ANDROID_INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL,
+            ANDROID_JPEG_AVAILABLE_THUMBNAIL_SIZES,
+            ANDROID_LENS_FACING,
+            ANDROID_LENS_INFO_AVAILABLE_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION,
+            ANDROID_LENS_INFO_FOCUS_DISTANCE_CALIBRATION,
+            ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_AVAILABLE_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODES,
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_AVAILABLE_CAPABILITIES,
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_MAX_NUM_INPUT_STREAMS,
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_MAX_NUM_OUTPUT_STREAMS,
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_PARTIAL_RESULT_COUNT,
+            ANDROID_REQUEST_PIPELINE_MAX_DEPTH,
+            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_MAX_DIGITAL_ZOOM,
+            ANDROID_SCALER_AVAILABLE_STREAM_CONFIGURATIONS,
+            ANDROID_SCALER_CROPPING_TYPE,
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE,
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_MAX_FRAME_DURATION,
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PIXEL_ARRAY_SIZE,
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_PRE_CORRECTION_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE,
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_TIMESTAMP_SOURCE,
+            ANDROID_SENSOR_ORIENTATION,
+            ANDROID_SHADING_AVAILABLE_MODES,
+            ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_FACE_DETECT_MODES,
+            ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODES,
+            ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_AVAILABLE_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODES,
+            ANDROID_STATISTICS_INFO_MAX_FACE_COUNT,
+            ANDROID_SYNC_MAX_LATENCY};
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERADEVICE_H_
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68c6d2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2947 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ExtCamDevSsn"
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h"
+
+#include <Exif.h>
+#include <ExternalCameraOfflineSession.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraBlob.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraBlobId.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ErrorMsg.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ShutterMsg.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBufferRet.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffersVal.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamConfigurationMode.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamRotation.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamType.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Dataspace.h>
+#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <convert.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+#include <deque>
+
+#define HAVE_JPEG  // required for libyuv.h to export MJPEG decode APIs
+#include <libyuv.h>
+#include <libyuv/convert.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+namespace {
+
+// Size of request/result metadata fast message queue. Change to 0 to always use hwbinder buffer.
+static constexpr size_t kMetadataMsgQueueSize = 1 << 18 /* 256kB */;
+
+const int kBadFramesAfterStreamOn = 1;  // drop x frames after streamOn to get rid of some initial
+                                        // bad frames. TODO: develop a better bad frame detection
+                                        // method
+constexpr int MAX_RETRY = 15;  // Allow retry some ioctl failures a few times to account for some
+                               // webcam showing temporarily ioctl failures.
+constexpr int IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US = 33000;  // 33ms * MAX_RETRY = 0.5 seconds
+
+// Constants for tryLock during dumpstate
+static constexpr int kDumpLockRetries = 50;
+static constexpr int kDumpLockSleep = 60000;
+
+bool tryLock(Mutex& mutex) {
+    bool locked = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kDumpLockRetries; ++i) {
+        if (mutex.tryLock() == NO_ERROR) {
+            locked = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        usleep(kDumpLockSleep);
+    }
+    return locked;
+}
+
+bool tryLock(std::mutex& mutex) {
+    bool locked = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < kDumpLockRetries; ++i) {
+        if (mutex.try_lock()) {
+            locked = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        usleep(kDumpLockSleep);
+    }
+    return locked;
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequestStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraBlob;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraBlobId;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ShutterMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBufferRet;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffersVal;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfigurationMode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamRotation;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamType;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Dataspace;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::ExifUtils;
+
+// Static instances
+const int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::kMaxProcessedStream;
+const int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::kMaxStallStream;
+HandleImporter ExternalCameraDeviceSession::sHandleImporter;
+
+ExternalCameraDeviceSession::ExternalCameraDeviceSession(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& callback, const ExternalCameraConfig& cfg,
+        const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFormats, const CroppingType& croppingType,
+        const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars, const std::string& cameraId,
+        unique_fd v4l2Fd)
+    : mCallback(callback),
+      mCfg(cfg),
+      mCameraCharacteristics(chars),
+      mSupportedFormats(sortedFormats),
+      mCroppingType(croppingType),
+      mCameraId(cameraId),
+      mV4l2Fd(std::move(v4l2Fd)),
+      mMaxThumbResolution(getMaxThumbResolution()),
+      mMaxJpegResolution(getMaxJpegResolution()) {}
+
+Size ExternalCameraDeviceSession::getMaxThumbResolution() const {
+    return getMaxThumbnailResolution(mCameraCharacteristics);
+}
+
+Size ExternalCameraDeviceSession::getMaxJpegResolution() const {
+    Size ret{0, 0};
+    for (auto& fmt : mSupportedFormats) {
+        if (fmt.width * fmt.height > ret.width * ret.height) {
+            ret = Size{fmt.width, fmt.height};
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::initialize() {
+    if (mV4l2Fd.get() < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: invalid v4l2 device fd %d!", __FUNCTION__, mV4l2Fd.get());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    struct v4l2_capability capability;
+    int ret = ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &capability);
+    std::string make, model;
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        ALOGW("%s v4l2 QUERYCAP failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        mExifMake = "Generic UVC webcam";
+        mExifModel = "Generic UVC webcam";
+    } else {
+        // capability.card is UTF-8 encoded
+        char card[32];
+        int j = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+            if (capability.card[i] < 128) {
+                card[j++] = capability.card[i];
+            }
+            if (capability.card[i] == '\0') {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (j == 0 || card[j - 1] != '\0') {
+            mExifMake = "Generic UVC webcam";
+            mExifModel = "Generic UVC webcam";
+        } else {
+            mExifMake = card;
+            mExifModel = card;
+        }
+    }
+
+    initOutputThread();
+    if (mOutputThread == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init OutputThread failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return true;
+    }
+    mOutputThread->setExifMakeModel(mExifMake, mExifModel);
+
+    status_t status = initDefaultRequests();
+    if (status != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init default requests failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    mRequestMetadataQueue =
+            std::make_unique<RequestMetadataQueue>(kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+    if (!mRequestMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: invalid request fmq", __FUNCTION__);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    mResultMetadataQueue =
+            std::make_shared<ResultMetadataQueue>(kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+    if (!mResultMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: invalid result fmq", __FUNCTION__);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    mOutputThread->run();
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isInitFailed() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    if (!mInitialized) {
+        mInitFail = initialize();
+        mInitialized = true;
+    }
+    return mInitFail;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::initOutputThread() {
+    // Grab a shared_ptr to 'this' from ndk::SharedRefBase::ref()
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession> thiz = ref<ExternalCameraDeviceSession>();
+
+    if (mSupportBufMgr) {
+        mBufferRequestThread = std::make_shared<BufferRequestThread>(/*parent=*/thiz, mCallback);
+        mBufferRequestThread->run();
+    }
+    mOutputThread = std::make_shared<OutputThread>(/*parent=*/thiz, mCroppingType,
+                                                   mCameraCharacteristics, mBufferRequestThread);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::closeOutputThread() {
+    closeOutputThreadImpl();
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::closeOutputThreadImpl() {
+    if (mOutputThread != nullptr) {
+        mOutputThread->flush();
+        mOutputThread->requestExitAndWait();
+        mOutputThread.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::initStatus() const {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    Status status = Status::OK;
+    if (mInitFail || mClosed) {
+        ALOGI("%s: session initFailed %d closed %d", __FUNCTION__, mInitFail, mClosed);
+        status = Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+ExternalCameraDeviceSession::~ExternalCameraDeviceSession() {
+    if (!isClosed()) {
+        ALOGE("ExternalCameraDeviceSession deleted before close!");
+        close(/*callerIsDtor*/ true);
+    }
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::constructDefaultRequestSettings(
+        RequestTemplate in_type, CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) {
+    CameraMetadata emptyMetadata;
+    Status status = initStatus();
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return fromStatus(status);
+    }
+    switch (in_type) {
+        case RequestTemplate::PREVIEW:
+        case RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE:
+        case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD:
+        case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT: {
+            *_aidl_return = mDefaultRequests[in_type];
+            break;
+        }
+        case RequestTemplate::MANUAL:
+        case RequestTemplate::ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:
+            // Don't support MANUAL, ZSL templates
+            status = Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+            break;
+        default:
+            ALOGE("%s: unknown request template type %d", __FUNCTION__, static_cast<int>(in_type));
+            status = Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+            break;
+    }
+    return fromStatus(status);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::configureStreams(
+        const StreamConfiguration& in_requestedConfiguration,
+        std::vector<HalStream>* _aidl_return) {
+    uint32_t blobBufferSize = 0;
+    _aidl_return->clear();
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+
+    Status status =
+            isStreamCombinationSupported(in_requestedConfiguration, mSupportedFormats, mCfg);
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return fromStatus(status);
+    }
+
+    status = initStatus();
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return fromStatus(status);
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mInflightFramesLock);
+        if (!mInflightFrames.empty()) {
+            ALOGE("%s: trying to configureStreams while there are still %zu inflight frames!",
+                  __FUNCTION__, mInflightFrames.size());
+            return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _cl(mCbsLock);
+        // Add new streams
+        for (const auto& stream : in_requestedConfiguration.streams) {
+            if (mStreamMap.count(stream.id) == 0) {
+                mStreamMap[stream.id] = stream;
+                mCirculatingBuffers.emplace(stream.id, CirculatingBuffers{});
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Cleanup removed streams
+        for (auto it = mStreamMap.begin(); it != mStreamMap.end();) {
+            int id = it->first;
+            bool found = false;
+            for (const auto& stream : in_requestedConfiguration.streams) {
+                if (id == stream.id) {
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!found) {
+                // Unmap all buffers of deleted stream
+                cleanupBuffersLocked(id);
+                it = mStreamMap.erase(it);
+            } else {
+                ++it;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Now select a V4L2 format to produce all output streams
+    float desiredAr = (mCroppingType == VERTICAL) ? kMaxAspectRatio : kMinAspectRatio;
+    uint32_t maxDim = 0;
+    for (const auto& stream : in_requestedConfiguration.streams) {
+        float aspectRatio = ASPECT_RATIO(stream);
+        ALOGI("%s: request stream %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, stream.width, stream.height);
+        if ((mCroppingType == VERTICAL && aspectRatio < desiredAr) ||
+            (mCroppingType == HORIZONTAL && aspectRatio > desiredAr)) {
+            desiredAr = aspectRatio;
+        }
+
+        // The dimension that's not cropped
+        uint32_t dim = (mCroppingType == VERTICAL) ? stream.width : stream.height;
+        if (dim > maxDim) {
+            maxDim = dim;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Find the smallest format that matches the desired aspect ratio and is wide/high enough
+    SupportedV4L2Format v4l2Fmt{.width = 0, .height = 0};
+    for (const auto& fmt : mSupportedFormats) {
+        uint32_t dim = (mCroppingType == VERTICAL) ? fmt.width : fmt.height;
+        if (dim >= maxDim) {
+            float aspectRatio = ASPECT_RATIO(fmt);
+            if (isAspectRatioClose(aspectRatio, desiredAr)) {
+                v4l2Fmt = fmt;
+                // since mSupportedFormats is sorted by width then height, the first matching fmt
+                // will be the smallest one with matching aspect ratio
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (v4l2Fmt.width == 0) {
+        // Cannot find exact good aspect ratio candidate, try to find a close one
+        for (const auto& fmt : mSupportedFormats) {
+            uint32_t dim = (mCroppingType == VERTICAL) ? fmt.width : fmt.height;
+            if (dim >= maxDim) {
+                float aspectRatio = ASPECT_RATIO(fmt);
+                if ((mCroppingType == VERTICAL && aspectRatio < desiredAr) ||
+                    (mCroppingType == HORIZONTAL && aspectRatio > desiredAr)) {
+                    v4l2Fmt = fmt;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (v4l2Fmt.width == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: unable to find a resolution matching (%s at least %d, aspect ratio %f)",
+              __FUNCTION__, (mCroppingType == VERTICAL) ? "width" : "height", maxDim, desiredAr);
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    if (configureV4l2StreamLocked(v4l2Fmt) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("V4L configuration failed!, format:%c%c%c%c, w %d, h %d", v4l2Fmt.fourcc & 0xFF,
+              (v4l2Fmt.fourcc >> 8) & 0xFF, (v4l2Fmt.fourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+              (v4l2Fmt.fourcc >> 24) & 0xFF, v4l2Fmt.width, v4l2Fmt.height);
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    Size v4lSize = {v4l2Fmt.width, v4l2Fmt.height};
+    Size thumbSize{0, 0};
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry entry =
+            mCameraCharacteristics.find(ANDROID_JPEG_AVAILABLE_THUMBNAIL_SIZES);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry.count; i += 2) {
+        Size sz{entry.data.i32[i], entry.data.i32[i + 1]};
+        if (sz.width * sz.height > thumbSize.width * thumbSize.height) {
+            thumbSize = sz;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (thumbSize.width * thumbSize.height == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: non-zero thumbnail size not available", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    mBlobBufferSize = blobBufferSize;
+    status = mOutputThread->allocateIntermediateBuffers(
+            v4lSize, mMaxThumbResolution, in_requestedConfiguration.streams, blobBufferSize);
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: allocating intermediate buffers failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(status);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<HalStream>& out = *_aidl_return;
+    out.resize(in_requestedConfiguration.streams.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < in_requestedConfiguration.streams.size(); i++) {
+        out[i].overrideDataSpace = in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].dataSpace;
+        out[i].id = in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].id;
+        // TODO: double check should we add those CAMERA flags
+        mStreamMap[in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].id].usage = out[i].producerUsage =
+                static_cast<BufferUsage>(((int64_t)in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].usage) |
+                                         ((int64_t)BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN) |
+                                         ((int64_t)BufferUsage::CAMERA_OUTPUT));
+        out[i].consumerUsage = static_cast<BufferUsage>(0);
+        out[i].maxBuffers = static_cast<int32_t>(mV4L2BufferCount);
+
+        switch (in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].format) {
+            case PixelFormat::BLOB:
+            case PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888:
+            case PixelFormat::YV12:  // Used by SurfaceTexture
+            case PixelFormat::Y16:
+                // No override
+                out[i].overrideFormat = in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].format;
+                break;
+            case PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED:
+                // Implementation Defined
+                // This should look at the Stream's dataspace flag to determine the format or leave
+                // it as is if the rest of the system knows how to handle a private format. To keep
+                // this HAL generic, this is being overridden to YUV420
+                out[i].overrideFormat = PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888;
+                // Save overridden format in mStreamMap
+                mStreamMap[in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].id].format = out[i].overrideFormat;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ALOGE("%s: unsupported format 0x%x", __FUNCTION__,
+                      in_requestedConfiguration.streams[i].format);
+                return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    mFirstRequest = true;
+    mLastStreamConfigCounter = in_requestedConfiguration.streamConfigCounter;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::flush() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    Status status = initStatus();
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return fromStatus(status);
+    }
+    mOutputThread->flush();
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::getCaptureRequestMetadataQueue(
+        MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    *_aidl_return = mRequestMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+        MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    *_aidl_return = mResultMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isReconfigurationRequired(
+        const CameraMetadata& in_oldSessionParams, const CameraMetadata& in_newSessionParams,
+        bool* _aidl_return) {
+    // reconfiguration required if there is any change in the session params
+    *_aidl_return = in_oldSessionParams != in_newSessionParams;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::processCaptureRequest(
+        const std::vector<CaptureRequest>& in_requests,
+        const std::vector<BufferCache>& in_cachesToRemove, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    updateBufferCaches(in_cachesToRemove);
+
+    int32_t& numRequestProcessed = *_aidl_return;
+    numRequestProcessed = 0;
+    Status s = Status::OK;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < in_requests.size(); i++, numRequestProcessed++) {
+        s = processOneCaptureRequest(in_requests[i]);
+        if (s != Status::OK) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return fromStatus(s);
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::processOneCaptureRequest(const CaptureRequest& request) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    Status status = initStatus();
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    if (request.inputBuffer.streamId != -1) {
+        ALOGE("%s: external camera does not support reprocessing!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    if (!mV4l2Streaming) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot process request in streamOff state!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    const camera_metadata_t* rawSettings = nullptr;
+    bool converted;
+    CameraMetadata settingsFmq;  // settings from FMQ
+
+    if (request.fmqSettingsSize > 0) {
+        // non-blocking read; client must write metadata before calling
+        // processOneCaptureRequest
+        settingsFmq.metadata.resize(request.fmqSettingsSize);
+        bool read = mRequestMetadataQueue->read(
+                reinterpret_cast<int8_t*>(settingsFmq.metadata.data()), request.fmqSettingsSize);
+        if (read) {
+            converted = convertFromAidl(settingsFmq, &rawSettings);
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: capture request settings metadata couldn't be read from fmq!", __FUNCTION__);
+            converted = false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        converted = convertFromAidl(request.settings, &rawSettings);
+    }
+
+    if (converted && rawSettings != nullptr) {
+        mLatestReqSetting = rawSettings;
+    }
+
+    if (!converted) {
+        ALOGE("%s: capture request settings metadata is corrupt!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (mFirstRequest && rawSettings == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: capture request settings must not be null for first request!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<buffer_handle_t*> allBufPtrs;
+    std::vector<int> allFences;
+    size_t numOutputBufs = request.outputBuffers.size();
+
+    if (numOutputBufs == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: capture request must have at least one output buffer!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    camera_metadata_entry fpsRange = mLatestReqSetting.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_TARGET_FPS_RANGE);
+    if (fpsRange.count == 2) {
+        double requestFpsMax = fpsRange.data.i32[1];
+        double closestFps = 0.0;
+        double fpsError = 1000.0;
+        bool fpsSupported = false;
+        for (const auto& fr : mV4l2StreamingFmt.frameRates) {
+            double f = fr.getFramesPerSecond();
+            if (std::fabs(requestFpsMax - f) < 1.0) {
+                fpsSupported = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            if (std::fabs(requestFpsMax - f) < fpsError) {
+                fpsError = std::fabs(requestFpsMax - f);
+                closestFps = f;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!fpsSupported) {
+            /* This can happen in a few scenarios:
+             * 1. The application is sending an FPS range not supported by the configured outputs.
+             * 2. The application is sending a valid FPS range for all configured outputs, but
+             *    the selected V4L2 size can only run at slower speed. This should be very rare
+             *    though: for this to happen a sensor needs to support at least 3 different aspect
+             *    ratio outputs, and when (at least) two outputs are both not the main aspect ratio
+             *    of the webcam, a third size that's larger might be picked and runs into this
+             *    issue.
+             */
+            ALOGW("%s: cannot reach fps %d! Will do %f instead", __FUNCTION__, fpsRange.data.i32[1],
+                  closestFps);
+            requestFpsMax = closestFps;
+        }
+
+        if (requestFpsMax != mV4l2StreamingFps) {
+            {
+                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mV4l2BufferLock);
+                while (mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers != 0) {
+                    // Wait until pipeline is idle before reconfigure stream
+                    int waitRet = waitForV4L2BufferReturnLocked(lk);
+                    if (waitRet != 0) {
+                        ALOGE("%s: wait for pipeline idle failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+                        return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            configureV4l2StreamLocked(mV4l2StreamingFmt, requestFpsMax);
+        }
+    }
+
+    status = importRequestLocked(request, allBufPtrs, allFences);
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    nsecs_t shutterTs = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<V4L2Frame> frameIn = dequeueV4l2FrameLocked(&shutterTs);
+    if (frameIn == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: V4L2 deque frame failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<HalRequest> halReq = std::make_shared<HalRequest>();
+    halReq->frameNumber = request.frameNumber;
+    halReq->setting = mLatestReqSetting;
+    halReq->frameIn = std::move(frameIn);
+    halReq->shutterTs = shutterTs;
+    halReq->buffers.resize(numOutputBufs);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numOutputBufs; i++) {
+        HalStreamBuffer& halBuf = halReq->buffers[i];
+        int streamId = halBuf.streamId = request.outputBuffers[i].streamId;
+        halBuf.bufferId = request.outputBuffers[i].bufferId;
+        const Stream& stream = mStreamMap[streamId];
+        halBuf.width = stream.width;
+        halBuf.height = stream.height;
+        halBuf.format = stream.format;
+        halBuf.usage = stream.usage;
+        halBuf.bufPtr = allBufPtrs[i];
+        halBuf.acquireFence = allFences[i];
+        halBuf.fenceTimeout = false;
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mInflightFramesLock);
+        mInflightFrames.insert(halReq->frameNumber);
+    }
+    // Send request to OutputThread for the rest of processing
+    mOutputThread->submitRequest(halReq);
+    mFirstRequest = false;
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::signalStreamFlush(
+        const std::vector<int32_t>& /*in_streamIds*/, int32_t in_streamConfigCounter) {
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        if (in_streamConfigCounter < mLastStreamConfigCounter) {
+            // stale call. new streams have been configured since this call was issued.
+            // Do nothing.
+            return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: implement if needed.
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::switchToOffline(
+        const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamsToKeep,
+        CameraOfflineSessionInfo* out_offlineSessionInfo,
+        std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession>* _aidl_return) {
+    std::vector<NotifyMsg> msgs;
+    std::vector<CaptureResult> results;
+    CameraOfflineSessionInfo info;
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession> session;
+    Status st = switchToOffline(in_streamsToKeep, &msgs, &results, &info, &session);
+
+    mCallback->notify(msgs);
+    invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(results, /* tryWriteFmq= */ true);
+    freeReleaseFences(results);
+
+    // setup return values
+    *out_offlineSessionInfo = info;
+    *_aidl_return = session;
+    return fromStatus(st);
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::switchToOffline(
+        const std::vector<int32_t>& offlineStreams, std::vector<NotifyMsg>* msgs,
+        std::vector<CaptureResult>* results, CameraOfflineSessionInfo* info,
+        std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession>* session) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (offlineStreams.size() > 1) {
+        ALOGE("%s: more than one offline stream is not supported", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (info == nullptr || results == nullptr || info == nullptr || session == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s, output arguments (%p, %p, %p, %p) much not be null", __FUNCTION__, msgs, results,
+              info, session);
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    Status status = initStatus();
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    for (auto streamId : offlineStreams) {
+        if (!supportOfflineLocked(streamId)) {
+            return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // pause output thread and get all remaining inflight requests
+    auto remainingReqs = mOutputThread->switchToOffline();
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> halReqs;
+
+    // Send out buffer/request error for remaining requests and filter requests
+    // to be handled in offline mode
+    for (auto& halReq : remainingReqs) {
+        bool dropReq = canDropRequest(offlineStreams, halReq);
+        if (dropReq) {
+            // Request is dropped completely. Just send request error and
+            // there is no need to send the request to offline session
+            processCaptureRequestError(halReq, msgs, results);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // All requests reach here must have at least one offline stream output
+        NotifyMsg shutter;
+        aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ShutterMsg shutterMsg = {
+                .frameNumber = static_cast<int32_t>(halReq->frameNumber),
+                .timestamp = halReq->shutterTs};
+        shutter.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::shutter>(shutterMsg);
+        msgs->push_back(shutter);
+
+        std::vector<HalStreamBuffer> offlineBuffers;
+        for (const auto& buffer : halReq->buffers) {
+            bool dropBuffer = true;
+            for (auto offlineStreamId : offlineStreams) {
+                if (buffer.streamId == offlineStreamId) {
+                    dropBuffer = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (dropBuffer) {
+                aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg errorMsg = {
+                        .frameNumber = static_cast<int32_t>(halReq->frameNumber),
+                        .errorStreamId = buffer.streamId,
+                        .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER};
+
+                NotifyMsg error;
+                error.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(errorMsg);
+                msgs->push_back(error);
+
+                results->push_back({
+                        .frameNumber = static_cast<int32_t>(halReq->frameNumber),
+                        .outputBuffers = {},
+                        .inputBuffer = {.streamId = -1},
+                        .partialResult = 0,  // buffer only result
+                });
+
+                CaptureResult& result = results->back();
+                result.outputBuffers.resize(1);
+                StreamBuffer& outputBuffer = result.outputBuffers[0];
+                outputBuffer.streamId = buffer.streamId;
+                outputBuffer.bufferId = buffer.bufferId;
+                outputBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+                if (buffer.acquireFence >= 0) {
+                    native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                    handle->data[0] = buffer.acquireFence;
+                    outputBuffer.releaseFence = android::makeToAidl(handle);
+                }
+            } else {
+                offlineBuffers.push_back(buffer);
+            }
+        }
+        halReq->buffers = offlineBuffers;
+        halReqs.push_back(halReq);
+    }
+
+    // convert hal requests to offline request
+    std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> offlineReqs(halReqs.size());
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (auto& v4lReq : halReqs) {
+        offlineReqs[i] = std::make_shared<HalRequest>();
+        offlineReqs[i]->frameNumber = v4lReq->frameNumber;
+        offlineReqs[i]->setting = v4lReq->setting;
+        offlineReqs[i]->shutterTs = v4lReq->shutterTs;
+        offlineReqs[i]->buffers = v4lReq->buffers;
+        std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame> v4l2Frame(static_cast<V4L2Frame*>(v4lReq->frameIn.get()));
+        offlineReqs[i]->frameIn = std::make_shared<AllocatedV4L2Frame>(v4l2Frame);
+        i++;
+        // enqueue V4L2 frame
+        enqueueV4l2Frame(v4l2Frame);
+    }
+
+    // Collect buffer caches/streams
+    std::vector<Stream> streamInfos(offlineStreams.size());
+    std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers> circulatingBuffers;
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _cbsl(mCbsLock);
+        for (auto streamId : offlineStreams) {
+            circulatingBuffers[streamId] = mCirculatingBuffers.at(streamId);
+            mCirculatingBuffers.erase(streamId);
+            streamInfos.push_back(mStreamMap.at(streamId));
+            mStreamMap.erase(streamId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fillOfflineSessionInfo(offlineStreams, offlineReqs, circulatingBuffers, info);
+    // create the offline session object
+    bool afTrigger;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _lk(mAfTriggerLock);
+        afTrigger = mAfTrigger;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraOfflineSession> sessionImpl =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ExternalCameraOfflineSession>(
+                    mCroppingType, mCameraCharacteristics, mCameraId, mExifMake, mExifModel,
+                    mBlobBufferSize, afTrigger, streamInfos, offlineReqs, circulatingBuffers);
+
+    bool initFailed = sessionImpl->initialize();
+    if (initFailed) {
+        ALOGE("%s: offline session initialize failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // cleanup stream and buffer caches
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _cbsl(mCbsLock);
+        for (auto pair : mStreamMap) {
+            cleanupBuffersLocked(/*Stream ID*/ pair.first);
+        }
+        mCirculatingBuffers.clear();
+    }
+    mStreamMap.clear();
+
+    // update inflight records
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> _lk(mInflightFramesLock);
+        mInflightFrames.clear();
+    }
+
+    // stop v4l2 streaming
+    if (v4l2StreamOffLocked() != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: stop V4L2 streaming failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // No need to return session if there is no offline requests left
+    if (!offlineReqs.empty()) {
+        *session = sessionImpl;
+    } else {
+        *session = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
+#define UPDATE(md, tag, data, size)               \
+    do {                                          \
+        if ((md).update((tag), (data), (size))) { \
+            ALOGE("Update " #tag " failed!");     \
+            return BAD_VALUE;                     \
+        }                                         \
+    } while (0)
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDeviceSession::initDefaultRequests() {
+    common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata md;
+
+    const uint8_t aberrationMode = ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_COLOR_CORRECTION_ABERRATION_MODE, &aberrationMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t exposureCompensation = 0;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_EXPOSURE_COMPENSATION, &exposureCompensation, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t videoStabilizationMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_VIDEO_STABILIZATION_MODE, &videoStabilizationMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t awbMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_MODE, &awbMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t aeMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE_ON;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_MODE, &aeMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t aePrecaptureTrigger = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER_IDLE;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_PRECAPTURE_TRIGGER, &aePrecaptureTrigger, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t afMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_MODE, &afMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t afTrigger = ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_IDLE;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, &afTrigger, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t sceneMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE_DISABLED;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_SCENE_MODE, &sceneMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t effectMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_EFFECT_MODE, &effectMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t flashMode = ANDROID_FLASH_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_FLASH_MODE, &flashMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t thumbnailSize[] = {240, 180};
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE, thumbnailSize, 2);
+
+    const uint8_t jpegQuality = 90;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY, &jpegQuality, 1);
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY, &jpegQuality, 1);
+
+    const int32_t jpegOrientation = 0;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_JPEG_ORIENTATION, &jpegOrientation, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t oisMode = ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_LENS_OPTICAL_STABILIZATION_MODE, &oisMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t nrMode = ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_NOISE_REDUCTION_MODE, &nrMode, 1);
+
+    const int32_t testPatternModes = ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE, &testPatternModes, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t fdMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_STATISTICS_FACE_DETECT_MODE, &fdMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t hotpixelMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_STATISTICS_HOT_PIXEL_MAP_MODE, &hotpixelMode, 1);
+
+    bool support30Fps = false;
+    int32_t maxFps = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min();
+    for (const auto& supportedFormat : mSupportedFormats) {
+        for (const auto& fr : supportedFormat.frameRates) {
+            int32_t framerateInt = static_cast<int32_t>(fr.getFramesPerSecond());
+            if (maxFps < framerateInt) {
+                maxFps = framerateInt;
+            }
+            if (framerateInt == 30) {
+                support30Fps = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (support30Fps) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int32_t defaultFramerate = support30Fps ? 30 : maxFps;
+    int32_t defaultFpsRange[] = {defaultFramerate / 2, defaultFramerate};
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_TARGET_FPS_RANGE, defaultFpsRange, ARRAY_SIZE(defaultFpsRange));
+
+    uint8_t antibandingMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_ANTIBANDING_MODE, &antibandingMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t controlMode = ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE_AUTO;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_MODE, &controlMode, 1);
+
+    for (const auto& type : ndk::enum_range<RequestTemplate>()) {
+        common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata mdCopy = md;
+        uint8_t intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_PREVIEW;
+        switch (type) {
+            case RequestTemplate::PREVIEW:
+                intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_PREVIEW;
+                break;
+            case RequestTemplate::STILL_CAPTURE:
+                intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_STILL_CAPTURE;
+                break;
+            case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_RECORD:
+                intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_VIDEO_RECORD;
+                break;
+            case RequestTemplate::VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:
+                intent = ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT;
+                break;
+            default:
+                ALOGV("%s: unsupported RequestTemplate type %d", __FUNCTION__, type);
+                continue;
+        }
+        UPDATE(mdCopy, ANDROID_CONTROL_CAPTURE_INTENT, &intent, 1);
+        camera_metadata_t* mdPtr = mdCopy.release();
+        uint8_t* rawMd = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mdPtr);
+        CameraMetadata aidlMd;
+        aidlMd.metadata.assign(rawMd, rawMd + get_camera_metadata_size(mdPtr));
+        mDefaultRequests[type] = aidlMd;
+        free_camera_metadata(mdPtr);
+    }
+    return OK;
+}
+
+status_t ExternalCameraDeviceSession::fillCaptureResult(common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& md,
+                                                        nsecs_t timestamp) {
+    bool afTrigger = false;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mAfTriggerLock);
+        afTrigger = mAfTrigger;
+        if (md.exists(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER)) {
+            camera_metadata_entry entry = md.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER);
+            if (entry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_START) {
+                mAfTrigger = afTrigger = true;
+            } else if (entry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_CANCEL) {
+                mAfTrigger = afTrigger = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For USB camera, the USB camera handles everything and we don't have control
+    // over AF. We only simply fake the AF metadata based on the request
+    // received here.
+    uint8_t afState;
+    if (afTrigger) {
+        afState = ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE_FOCUSED_LOCKED;
+    } else {
+        afState = ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE_INACTIVE;
+    }
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE, &afState, 1);
+
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry activeArraySize =
+            mCameraCharacteristics.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE);
+
+    return fillCaptureResultCommon(md, timestamp, activeArraySize);
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::configureV4l2StreamLocked(const SupportedV4L2Format& v4l2Fmt,
+                                                           double requestFps) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    int ret = v4l2StreamOffLocked();
+    if (ret != OK) {
+        ALOGE("%s: stop v4l2 streaming failed: ret %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // VIDIOC_S_FMT w/h/fmt
+    v4l2_format fmt;
+    fmt.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+    fmt.fmt.pix.width = v4l2Fmt.width;
+    fmt.fmt.pix.height = v4l2Fmt.height;
+    fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat = v4l2Fmt.fourcc;
+
+    {
+        int numAttempt = 0;
+        do {
+            ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt));
+            if (numAttempt == MAX_RETRY) {
+                break;
+            }
+            numAttempt++;
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                ALOGW("%s: VIDIOC_S_FMT failed, wait 33ms and try again", __FUNCTION__);
+                usleep(IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US);  // sleep and try again
+            }
+        } while (ret < 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: S_FMT ioctl failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (v4l2Fmt.width != fmt.fmt.pix.width || v4l2Fmt.height != fmt.fmt.pix.height ||
+        v4l2Fmt.fourcc != fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat) {
+        ALOGE("%s: S_FMT expect %c%c%c%c %dx%d, got %c%c%c%c %dx%d instead!", __FUNCTION__,
+              v4l2Fmt.fourcc & 0xFF, (v4l2Fmt.fourcc >> 8) & 0xFF, (v4l2Fmt.fourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+              (v4l2Fmt.fourcc >> 24) & 0xFF, v4l2Fmt.width, v4l2Fmt.height,
+              fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat & 0xFF, (fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat >> 8) & 0xFF,
+              (fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat >> 16) & 0xFF, (fmt.fmt.pix.pixelformat >> 24) & 0xFF,
+              fmt.fmt.pix.width, fmt.fmt.pix.height);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t bufferSize = fmt.fmt.pix.sizeimage;
+    ALOGI("%s: V4L2 buffer size is %d", __FUNCTION__, bufferSize);
+    uint32_t expectedMaxBufferSize = kMaxBytesPerPixel * fmt.fmt.pix.width * fmt.fmt.pix.height;
+    if ((bufferSize == 0) || (bufferSize > expectedMaxBufferSize)) {
+        ALOGE("%s: V4L2 buffer size: %u looks invalid. Expected maximum size: %u", __FUNCTION__,
+              bufferSize, expectedMaxBufferSize);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    mMaxV4L2BufferSize = bufferSize;
+
+    const double kDefaultFps = 30.0;
+    double fps = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
+    if (requestFps != 0.0) {
+        fps = requestFps;
+    } else {
+        double maxFps = -1.0;
+        // Try to pick the slowest fps that is at least 30
+        for (const auto& fr : v4l2Fmt.frameRates) {
+            double f = fr.getFramesPerSecond();
+            if (maxFps < f) {
+                maxFps = f;
+            }
+            if (f >= kDefaultFps && f < fps) {
+                fps = f;
+            }
+        }
+        // No fps > 30 found, use the highest fps available within supported formats.
+        if (fps == std::numeric_limits<double>::max()) {
+            fps = maxFps;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int fpsRet = setV4l2FpsLocked(fps);
+    if (fpsRet != 0 && fpsRet != -EINVAL) {
+        ALOGE("%s: set fps failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(fpsRet));
+        return fpsRet;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t v4lBufferCount = (fps >= kDefaultFps) ? mCfg.numVideoBuffers : mCfg.numStillBuffers;
+
+    // VIDIOC_REQBUFS: create buffers
+    v4l2_requestbuffers req_buffers{};
+    req_buffers.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+    req_buffers.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
+    req_buffers.count = v4lBufferCount;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req_buffers)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: VIDIOC_REQBUFS failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    // Driver can indeed return more buffer if it needs more to operate
+    if (req_buffers.count < v4lBufferCount) {
+        ALOGE("%s: VIDIOC_REQBUFS expected %d buffers, got %d instead", __FUNCTION__,
+              v4lBufferCount, req_buffers.count);
+        return NO_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    // VIDIOC_QUERYBUF:  get buffer offset in the V4L2 fd
+    // VIDIOC_QBUF: send buffer to driver
+    mV4L2BufferCount = req_buffers.count;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < req_buffers.count; i++) {
+        v4l2_buffer buffer = {
+                .index = i, .type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE, .memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP};
+
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_QUERYBUF, &buffer)) < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: QUERYBUF %d failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, i, strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_QBUF, &buffer)) < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: QBUF %d failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, i, strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        // VIDIOC_STREAMON: start streaming
+        v4l2_buf_type capture_type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+        int numAttempt = 0;
+        do {
+            ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_STREAMON, &capture_type));
+            if (numAttempt == MAX_RETRY) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                ALOGW("%s: VIDIOC_STREAMON failed, wait 33ms and try again", __FUNCTION__);
+                usleep(IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US);  // sleep 100 ms and try again
+            }
+        } while (ret < 0);
+
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: VIDIOC_STREAMON ioctl failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Swallow first few frames after streamOn to account for bad frames from some devices
+    for (int i = 0; i < kBadFramesAfterStreamOn; i++) {
+        v4l2_buffer buffer{};
+        buffer.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+        buffer.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buffer)) < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: DQBUF fails: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_QBUF, &buffer)) < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: QBUF index %d fails: %s", __FUNCTION__, buffer.index, strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("%s: start V4L2 streaming %dx%d@%ffps", __FUNCTION__, v4l2Fmt.width, v4l2Fmt.height, fps);
+    mV4l2StreamingFmt = v4l2Fmt;
+    mV4l2Streaming = true;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<V4L2Frame> ExternalCameraDeviceSession::dequeueV4l2FrameLocked(nsecs_t* shutterTs) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    std::unique_ptr<V4L2Frame> ret = nullptr;
+    if (shutterTs == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: shutterTs must not be null!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mV4l2BufferLock);
+        if (mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers == mV4L2BufferCount) {
+            int waitRet = waitForV4L2BufferReturnLocked(lk);
+            if (waitRet != 0) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("VIDIOC_DQBUF");
+    v4l2_buffer buffer{};
+    buffer.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+    buffer.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_DQBUF, &buffer)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: DQBUF fails: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    if (buffer.index >= mV4L2BufferCount) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Invalid buffer id: %d", __FUNCTION__, buffer.index);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (buffer.flags & V4L2_BUF_FLAG_ERROR) {
+        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 buf error! buf flag 0x%x", __FUNCTION__, buffer.flags);
+        // TODO: try to dequeue again
+    }
+
+    if (buffer.bytesused > mMaxV4L2BufferSize) {
+        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 buffer bytes used: %u maximum %u", __FUNCTION__, buffer.bytesused,
+              mMaxV4L2BufferSize);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (buffer.flags & V4L2_BUF_FLAG_TIMESTAMP_MONOTONIC) {
+        // Ideally we should also check for V4L2_BUF_FLAG_TSTAMP_SRC_SOE, but
+        // even V4L2_BUF_FLAG_TSTAMP_SRC_EOF is better than capture a timestamp now
+        *shutterTs = static_cast<nsecs_t>(buffer.timestamp.tv_sec) * 1000000000LL +
+                     buffer.timestamp.tv_usec * 1000LL;
+    } else {
+        *shutterTs = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mV4l2BufferLock);
+        mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers++;
+    }
+
+    return std::make_unique<V4L2Frame>(mV4l2StreamingFmt.width, mV4l2StreamingFmt.height,
+                                       mV4l2StreamingFmt.fourcc, buffer.index, mV4l2Fd.get(),
+                                       buffer.bytesused, buffer.m.offset);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::enqueueV4l2Frame(const std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame>& frame) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    frame->unmap();
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("VIDIOC_QBUF");
+    v4l2_buffer buffer{};
+    buffer.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+    buffer.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
+    buffer.index = frame->mBufferIndex;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_QBUF, &buffer)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: QBUF index %d fails: %s", __FUNCTION__, frame->mBufferIndex, strerror(errno));
+        return;
+    }
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mV4l2BufferLock);
+        mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers--;
+    }
+    mV4L2BufferReturned.notify_one();
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isSupported(
+        const Stream& stream, const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& supportedFormats,
+        const ExternalCameraConfig& devCfg) {
+    Dataspace ds = stream.dataSpace;
+    PixelFormat fmt = stream.format;
+    uint32_t width = stream.width;
+    uint32_t height = stream.height;
+    // TODO: check usage flags
+
+    if (stream.streamType != StreamType::OUTPUT) {
+        ALOGE("%s: does not support non-output stream type", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (stream.rotation != StreamRotation::ROTATION_0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: does not support stream rotation", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    switch (fmt) {
+        case PixelFormat::BLOB:
+            if (ds != Dataspace::JFIF) {
+                ALOGI("%s: BLOB format does not support dataSpace %x", __FUNCTION__, ds);
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        case PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED:
+        case PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888:
+        case PixelFormat::YV12:
+            // TODO: check what dataspace we can support here.
+            // intentional no-ops.
+            break;
+        case PixelFormat::Y16:
+            if (!devCfg.depthEnabled) {
+                ALOGI("%s: Depth is not Enabled", __FUNCTION__);
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!(static_cast<int32_t>(ds) & static_cast<int32_t>(Dataspace::DEPTH))) {
+                ALOGI("%s: Y16 supports only dataSpace DEPTH", __FUNCTION__);
+                return false;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            ALOGI("%s: does not support format %x", __FUNCTION__, fmt);
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // Assume we can convert any V4L2 format to any of supported output format for now, i.e.
+    // ignoring v4l2Fmt.fourcc for now. Might need more subtle check if we support more v4l format
+    // in the futrue.
+    for (const auto& v4l2Fmt : supportedFormats) {
+        if (width == v4l2Fmt.width && height == v4l2Fmt.height) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGI("%s: resolution %dx%d is not supported", __FUNCTION__, width, height);
+    return false;
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::importRequestLocked(const CaptureRequest& request,
+                                                        std::vector<buffer_handle_t*>& allBufPtrs,
+                                                        std::vector<int>& allFences) {
+    return importRequestLockedImpl(request, allBufPtrs, allFences);
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::importRequestLockedImpl(
+        const CaptureRequest& request, std::vector<buffer_handle_t*>& allBufPtrs,
+        std::vector<int>& allFences) {
+    size_t numOutputBufs = request.outputBuffers.size();
+    size_t numBufs = numOutputBufs;
+    // Validate all I/O buffers
+    std::vector<buffer_handle_t> allBufs;
+    std::vector<uint64_t> allBufIds;
+    allBufs.resize(numBufs);
+    allBufIds.resize(numBufs);
+    allBufPtrs.resize(numBufs);
+    allFences.resize(numBufs);
+    std::vector<int32_t> streamIds(numBufs);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numOutputBufs; i++) {
+        allBufs[i] = ::android::makeFromAidl(request.outputBuffers[i].buffer);
+        allBufIds[i] = request.outputBuffers[i].bufferId;
+        allBufPtrs[i] = &allBufs[i];
+        streamIds[i] = request.outputBuffers[i].streamId;
+    }
+
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mCbsLock);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numBufs; i++) {
+            Status st = importBufferLocked(streamIds[i], allBufIds[i], allBufs[i], &allBufPtrs[i]);
+            if (st != Status::OK) {
+                // Detailed error logs printed in importBuffer
+                return st;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // All buffers are imported. Now validate output buffer acquire fences
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numOutputBufs; i++) {
+        if (!sHandleImporter.importFence(
+                    ::android::makeFromAidl(request.outputBuffers[i].acquireFence), allFences[i])) {
+            ALOGE("%s: output buffer %zu acquire fence is invalid", __FUNCTION__, i);
+            cleanupInflightFences(allFences, i);
+            return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::importBuffer(int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId,
+                                                 buffer_handle_t buf,
+                                                 /*out*/ buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mCbsLock);
+    return importBufferLocked(streamId, bufId, buf, outBufPtr);
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::importBufferLocked(int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId,
+                                                       buffer_handle_t buf,
+                                                       buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) {
+    return importBufferImpl(mCirculatingBuffers, sHandleImporter, streamId, bufId, buf, outBufPtr);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::close() {
+    close(false);
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::close(bool callerIsDtor) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    bool closed = isClosed();
+    if (!closed) {
+        if (callerIsDtor) {
+            closeOutputThreadImpl();
+        } else {
+            closeOutputThread();
+        }
+
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        // free all buffers
+        {
+            Mutex::Autolock _cbsl(mCbsLock);
+            for (auto pair : mStreamMap) {
+                cleanupBuffersLocked(/*Stream ID*/ pair.first);
+            }
+        }
+        v4l2StreamOffLocked();
+        ALOGV("%s: closing V4L2 camera FD %d", __FUNCTION__, mV4l2Fd.get());
+        mV4l2Fd.reset();
+        mClosed = true;
+    }
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isClosed() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    return mClosed;
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraDeviceSession::repeatingRequestEnd(
+        int32_t /*in_frameNumber*/, const std::vector<int32_t>& /*in_streamIds*/) {
+    // TODO: Figure this one out.
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::v4l2StreamOffLocked() {
+    if (!mV4l2Streaming) {
+        return OK;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mV4l2BufferLock);
+        if (mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers != 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: there are %zu inflight V4L buffers", __FUNCTION__, mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    mV4L2BufferCount = 0;
+
+    // VIDIOC_STREAMOFF
+    v4l2_buf_type capture_type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, &capture_type)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: STREAMOFF failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    // VIDIOC_REQBUFS: clear buffers
+    v4l2_requestbuffers req_buffers{};
+    req_buffers.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE;
+    req_buffers.memory = V4L2_MEMORY_MMAP;
+    req_buffers.count = 0;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_REQBUFS, &req_buffers)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: REQBUFS failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    mV4l2Streaming = false;
+    return OK;
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::setV4l2FpsLocked(double fps) {
+    // VIDIOC_G_PARM/VIDIOC_S_PARM: set fps
+    v4l2_streamparm streamparm = {.type = V4L2_BUF_TYPE_VIDEO_CAPTURE};
+    // The following line checks that the driver knows about framerate get/set.
+    int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_G_PARM, &streamparm));
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        if (errno == -EINVAL) {
+            ALOGW("%s: device does not support VIDIOC_G_PARM", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    // Now check if the device is able to accept a capture framerate set.
+    if (!(streamparm.parm.capture.capability & V4L2_CAP_TIMEPERFRAME)) {
+        ALOGW("%s: device does not support V4L2_CAP_TIMEPERFRAME", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    // fps is float, approximate by a fraction.
+    const int kFrameRatePrecision = 10000;
+    streamparm.parm.capture.timeperframe.numerator = kFrameRatePrecision;
+    streamparm.parm.capture.timeperframe.denominator = (fps * kFrameRatePrecision);
+
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_S_PARM, &streamparm)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to set framerate to %f: %s", __FUNCTION__, fps, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    double retFps = streamparm.parm.capture.timeperframe.denominator /
+                    static_cast<double>(streamparm.parm.capture.timeperframe.numerator);
+    if (std::fabs(fps - retFps) > 1.0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: expect fps %f, got %f instead", __FUNCTION__, fps, retFps);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    mV4l2StreamingFps = fps;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::cleanupInflightFences(std::vector<int>& allFences,
+                                                        size_t numFences) {
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < numFences; j++) {
+        sHandleImporter.closeFence(allFences[j]);
+    }
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::cleanupBuffersLocked(int id) {
+    for (auto& pair : mCirculatingBuffers.at(id)) {
+        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(pair.second);
+    }
+    mCirculatingBuffers[id].clear();
+    mCirculatingBuffers.erase(id);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::notifyShutter(int32_t frameNumber, nsecs_t shutterTs) {
+    NotifyMsg msg;
+    msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::shutter>(ShutterMsg{
+            .frameNumber = frameNumber,
+            .timestamp = shutterTs,
+    });
+    mCallback->notify({msg});
+}
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::notifyError(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId, ErrorCode ec) {
+    NotifyMsg msg;
+    msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{
+            .frameNumber = frameNumber,
+            .errorStreamId = streamId,
+            .errorCode = ec,
+    });
+    mCallback->notify({msg});
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(
+        std::vector<CaptureResult>& results, bool tryWriteFmq) {
+    if (mProcessCaptureResultLock.tryLock() != OK) {
+        const nsecs_t NS_TO_SECOND = 1000000000;
+        ALOGV("%s: previous call is not finished! waiting 1s...", __FUNCTION__);
+        if (mProcessCaptureResultLock.timedLock(/* 1s */ NS_TO_SECOND) != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: cannot acquire lock in 1s, cannot proceed", __FUNCTION__);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    if (tryWriteFmq && mResultMetadataQueue->availableToWrite() > 0) {
+        for (CaptureResult& result : results) {
+            CameraMetadata& md = result.result;
+            if (!md.metadata.empty()) {
+                if (mResultMetadataQueue->write(reinterpret_cast<int8_t*>(md.metadata.data()),
+                                                md.metadata.size())) {
+                    result.fmqResultSize = md.metadata.size();
+                    md.metadata.resize(0);
+                } else {
+                    ALOGW("%s: couldn't utilize fmq, fall back to hwbinder", __FUNCTION__);
+                    result.fmqResultSize = 0;
+                }
+            } else {
+                result.fmqResultSize = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    auto status = mCallback->processCaptureResult(results);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: processCaptureResult ERROR : %d:%d", __FUNCTION__, status.getExceptionCode(),
+              status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    mProcessCaptureResultLock.unlock();
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::waitForV4L2BufferReturnLocked(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lk) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    auto timeout = std::chrono::seconds(kBufferWaitTimeoutSec);
+    mLock.unlock();
+    auto st = mV4L2BufferReturned.wait_for(lk, timeout);
+    // Here we introduce an order where mV4l2BufferLock is acquired before mLock, while
+    // the normal lock acquisition order is reversed. This is fine because in most of
+    // cases we are protected by mInterfaceLock. The only thread that can cause deadlock
+    // is the OutputThread, where we do need to make sure we don't acquire mLock then
+    // mV4l2BufferLock
+    mLock.lock();
+    if (st == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+        ALOGE("%s: wait for V4L2 buffer return timeout!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::supportOfflineLocked(int32_t streamId) {
+    const Stream& stream = mStreamMap[streamId];
+    if (stream.format == PixelFormat::BLOB &&
+        static_cast<int32_t>(stream.dataSpace) == static_cast<int32_t>(Dataspace::JFIF)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    // TODO: support YUV output stream?
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::canDropRequest(const std::vector<int32_t>& offlineStreams,
+                                                 std::shared_ptr<HalRequest> halReq) {
+    for (const auto& buffer : halReq->buffers) {
+        for (auto offlineStreamId : offlineStreams) {
+            if (buffer.streamId == offlineStreamId) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // Only drop a request completely if it has no offline output
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::fillOfflineSessionInfo(
+        const std::vector<int32_t>& offlineStreams,
+        std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>>& offlineReqs,
+        const std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers>& circulatingBuffers,
+        CameraOfflineSessionInfo* info) {
+    if (info == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: output info must not be null!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    info->offlineStreams.resize(offlineStreams.size());
+    info->offlineRequests.resize(offlineReqs.size());
+
+    // Fill in offline reqs and count outstanding buffers
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < offlineReqs.size(); i++) {
+        info->offlineRequests[i].frameNumber = offlineReqs[i]->frameNumber;
+        info->offlineRequests[i].pendingStreams.resize(offlineReqs[i]->buffers.size());
+        for (size_t bIdx = 0; bIdx < offlineReqs[i]->buffers.size(); bIdx++) {
+            int32_t streamId = offlineReqs[i]->buffers[bIdx].streamId;
+            info->offlineRequests[i].pendingStreams[bIdx] = streamId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < offlineStreams.size(); i++) {
+        int32_t streamId = offlineStreams[i];
+        info->offlineStreams[i].id = streamId;
+        // outstanding buffers are 0 since we are doing hal buffer management and
+        // offline session will ask for those buffers later
+        info->offlineStreams[i].numOutstandingBuffers = 0;
+        const CirculatingBuffers& bufIdMap = circulatingBuffers.at(streamId);
+        info->offlineStreams[i].circulatingBufferIds.resize(bufIdMap.size());
+        size_t bIdx = 0;
+        for (const auto& pair : bufIdMap) {
+            // Fill in bufferId
+            info->offlineStreams[i].circulatingBufferIds[bIdx++] = pair.first;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::isStreamCombinationSupported(
+        const StreamConfiguration& config, const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& supportedFormats,
+        const ExternalCameraConfig& devCfg) {
+    if (config.operationMode != StreamConfigurationMode::NORMAL_MODE) {
+        ALOGE("%s: unsupported operation mode: %d", __FUNCTION__, config.operationMode);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (config.streams.size() == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot configure zero stream", __FUNCTION__);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    int numProcessedStream = 0;
+    int numStallStream = 0;
+    for (const auto& stream : config.streams) {
+        // Check if the format/width/height combo is supported
+        if (!isSupported(stream, supportedFormats, devCfg)) {
+            return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+        if (stream.format == PixelFormat::BLOB) {
+            numStallStream++;
+        } else {
+            numProcessedStream++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (numProcessedStream > kMaxProcessedStream) {
+        ALOGE("%s: too many processed streams (expect <= %d, got %d)", __FUNCTION__,
+              kMaxProcessedStream, numProcessedStream);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (numStallStream > kMaxStallStream) {
+        ALOGE("%s: too many stall streams (expect <= %d, got %d)", __FUNCTION__, kMaxStallStream,
+              numStallStream);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::updateBufferCaches(
+        const std::vector<BufferCache>& cachesToRemove) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mCbsLock);
+    for (auto& cache : cachesToRemove) {
+        auto cbsIt = mCirculatingBuffers.find(cache.streamId);
+        if (cbsIt == mCirculatingBuffers.end()) {
+            // The stream could have been removed
+            continue;
+        }
+        CirculatingBuffers& cbs = cbsIt->second;
+        auto it = cbs.find(cache.bufferId);
+        if (it != cbs.end()) {
+            sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(it->second);
+            cbs.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("%s: stream %d buffer %" PRIu64 " is not cached", __FUNCTION__, cache.streamId,
+                  cache.bufferId);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::processCaptureRequestError(
+        const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& req, std::vector<NotifyMsg>* outMsgs,
+        std::vector<CaptureResult>* outResults) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    // Return V4L2 buffer to V4L2 buffer queue
+    std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame> v4l2Frame = std::static_pointer_cast<V4L2Frame>(req->frameIn);
+    enqueueV4l2Frame(v4l2Frame);
+
+    if (outMsgs == nullptr) {
+        notifyShutter(req->frameNumber, req->shutterTs);
+        notifyError(/*frameNum*/ req->frameNumber, /*stream*/ -1, ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST);
+    } else {
+        NotifyMsg shutter;
+        shutter.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::shutter>(
+                ShutterMsg{.frameNumber = req->frameNumber, .timestamp = req->shutterTs});
+
+        NotifyMsg error;
+        error.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{.frameNumber = req->frameNumber,
+                                                  .errorStreamId = -1,
+                                                  .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST});
+        outMsgs->push_back(shutter);
+        outMsgs->push_back(error);
+    }
+
+    // Fill output buffers
+    CaptureResult result;
+    result.frameNumber = req->frameNumber;
+    result.partialResult = 1;
+    result.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+    result.outputBuffers.resize(req->buffers.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < req->buffers.size(); i++) {
+        result.outputBuffers[i].streamId = req->buffers[i].streamId;
+        result.outputBuffers[i].bufferId = req->buffers[i].bufferId;
+        result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+        if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
+            native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+            handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+            result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = ::android::makeToAidl(handle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // update inflight records
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mInflightFramesLock);
+        mInflightFrames.erase(req->frameNumber);
+    }
+
+    if (outResults == nullptr) {
+        // Callback into framework
+        std::vector<CaptureResult> results(1);
+        results[0] = std::move(result);
+        invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(results, /* tryWriteFmq */ true);
+        freeReleaseFences(results);
+    } else {
+        outResults->push_back(std::move(result));
+    }
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::processCaptureResult(std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& req) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    // Return V4L2 buffer to V4L2 buffer queue
+    std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame> v4l2Frame = std::static_pointer_cast<V4L2Frame>(req->frameIn);
+    enqueueV4l2Frame(v4l2Frame);
+
+    // NotifyShutter
+    notifyShutter(req->frameNumber, req->shutterTs);
+
+    // Fill output buffers;
+    std::vector<CaptureResult> results(1);
+    CaptureResult& result = results[0];
+    result.frameNumber = req->frameNumber;
+    result.partialResult = 1;
+    result.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+    result.outputBuffers.resize(req->buffers.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < req->buffers.size(); i++) {
+        result.outputBuffers[i].streamId = req->buffers[i].streamId;
+        result.outputBuffers[i].bufferId = req->buffers[i].bufferId;
+        if (req->buffers[i].fenceTimeout) {
+            result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+            if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
+                native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = ::android::makeToAidl(handle);
+            }
+            notifyError(req->frameNumber, req->buffers[i].streamId, ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER);
+        } else {
+            result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::OK;
+            // TODO: refactor
+            if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
+                native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = ::android::makeToAidl(handle);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fill capture result metadata
+    fillCaptureResult(req->setting, req->shutterTs);
+    const camera_metadata_t* rawResult = req->setting.getAndLock();
+    convertToAidl(rawResult, &result.result);
+    req->setting.unlock(rawResult);
+
+    // update inflight records
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mInflightFramesLock);
+        mInflightFrames.erase(req->frameNumber);
+    }
+
+    // Callback into framework
+    invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(results, /* tryWriteFmq */ true);
+    freeReleaseFences(results);
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+ssize_t ExternalCameraDeviceSession::getJpegBufferSize(int32_t width, int32_t height) const {
+    // Constant from camera3.h
+    const ssize_t kMinJpegBufferSize = 256 * 1024 + sizeof(CameraBlob);
+    // Get max jpeg size (area-wise).
+    if (mMaxJpegResolution.width == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: No supported JPEG stream", __FUNCTION__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    // Get max jpeg buffer size
+    ssize_t maxJpegBufferSize = 0;
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry jpegBufMaxSize = mCameraCharacteristics.find(ANDROID_JPEG_MAX_SIZE);
+    if (jpegBufMaxSize.count == 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Can't find maximum JPEG size in static metadata!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    maxJpegBufferSize = jpegBufMaxSize.data.i32[0];
+
+    if (maxJpegBufferSize <= kMinJpegBufferSize) {
+        ALOGE("%s: ANDROID_JPEG_MAX_SIZE (%zd) <= kMinJpegBufferSize (%zd)", __FUNCTION__,
+              maxJpegBufferSize, kMinJpegBufferSize);
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate final jpeg buffer size for the given resolution.
+    float scaleFactor =
+            ((float)(width * height)) / (mMaxJpegResolution.width * mMaxJpegResolution.height);
+    ssize_t jpegBufferSize =
+            scaleFactor * (maxJpegBufferSize - kMinJpegBufferSize) + kMinJpegBufferSize;
+    if (jpegBufferSize > maxJpegBufferSize) {
+        jpegBufferSize = maxJpegBufferSize;
+    }
+
+    return jpegBufferSize;
+}
+binder_status_t ExternalCameraDeviceSession::dump(int fd, const char** /*args*/,
+                                                  uint32_t /*numArgs*/) {
+    bool intfLocked = tryLock(mInterfaceLock);
+    if (!intfLocked) {
+        dprintf(fd, "!! ExternalCameraDeviceSession interface may be deadlocked !!\n");
+    }
+
+    if (isClosed()) {
+        dprintf(fd, "External camera %s is closed\n", mCameraId.c_str());
+        return STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    bool streaming = false;
+    size_t v4L2BufferCount = 0;
+    SupportedV4L2Format streamingFmt;
+    {
+        bool sessionLocked = tryLock(mLock);
+        if (!sessionLocked) {
+            dprintf(fd, "!! ExternalCameraDeviceSession mLock may be deadlocked !!\n");
+        }
+        streaming = mV4l2Streaming;
+        streamingFmt = mV4l2StreamingFmt;
+        v4L2BufferCount = mV4L2BufferCount;
+
+        if (sessionLocked) {
+            mLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> inflightFrames;
+    {
+        bool iffLocked = tryLock(mInflightFramesLock);
+        if (!iffLocked) {
+            dprintf(fd,
+                    "!! ExternalCameraDeviceSession mInflightFramesLock may be deadlocked !!\n");
+        }
+        inflightFrames = mInflightFrames;
+        if (iffLocked) {
+            mInflightFramesLock.unlock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    dprintf(fd, "External camera %s V4L2 FD %d, cropping type %s, %s\n", mCameraId.c_str(),
+            mV4l2Fd.get(), (mCroppingType == VERTICAL) ? "vertical" : "horizontal",
+            streaming ? "streaming" : "not streaming");
+
+    if (streaming) {
+        // TODO: dump fps later
+        dprintf(fd, "Current V4L2 format %c%c%c%c %dx%d @ %ffps\n", streamingFmt.fourcc & 0xFF,
+                (streamingFmt.fourcc >> 8) & 0xFF, (streamingFmt.fourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                (streamingFmt.fourcc >> 24) & 0xFF, streamingFmt.width, streamingFmt.height,
+                mV4l2StreamingFps);
+
+        size_t numDequeuedV4l2Buffers = 0;
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mV4l2BufferLock);
+            numDequeuedV4l2Buffers = mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers;
+        }
+        dprintf(fd, "V4L2 buffer queue size %zu, dequeued %zu\n", v4L2BufferCount,
+                numDequeuedV4l2Buffers);
+    }
+
+    dprintf(fd, "In-flight frames (not sorted):");
+    for (const auto& frameNumber : inflightFrames) {
+        dprintf(fd, "%d, ", frameNumber);
+    }
+    dprintf(fd, "\n");
+    mOutputThread->dump(fd);
+    dprintf(fd, "\n");
+
+    if (intfLocked) {
+        mInterfaceLock.unlock();
+    }
+
+    return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+// Start ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread functions
+ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread::BufferRequestThread(
+        std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> parent,
+        std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> callbacks)
+    : mParent(parent), mCallbacks(callbacks) {}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread::requestBufferStart(
+        const std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>& bufReqs) {
+    if (bufReqs.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: bufReqs is empty!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+        if (mRequestingBuffer) {
+            ALOGE("%s: BufferRequestThread does not support more than one concurrent request!",
+                  __FUNCTION__);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        mBufferReqs = bufReqs;
+        mRequestingBuffer = true;
+    }
+    mRequestCond.notify_one();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread::waitForBufferRequestDone(
+        std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>* outBufReqs) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    if (!mRequestingBuffer) {
+        ALOGE("%s: no pending buffer request!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (mPendingReturnBufferReqs.empty()) {
+        std::chrono::milliseconds timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(kReqProcTimeoutMs);
+        auto st = mRequestDoneCond.wait_for(lk, timeout);
+        if (st == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            ALOGE("%s: wait for buffer request finish timeout!", __FUNCTION__);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    mRequestingBuffer = false;
+    *outBufReqs = std::move(mPendingReturnBufferReqs);
+    mPendingReturnBufferReqs.clear();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread::waitForNextRequest() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    int waitTimes = 0;
+    while (mBufferReqs.empty()) {
+        if (exitPending()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        auto timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(kReqWaitTimeoutMs);
+        auto st = mRequestCond.wait_for(lk, timeout);
+        if (st == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            waitTimes++;
+            if (waitTimes == kReqWaitTimesWarn) {
+                // BufferRequestThread just wait forever for new buffer request
+                // But it will print some periodic warning indicating it's waiting
+                ALOGV("%s: still waiting for new buffer request", __FUNCTION__);
+                waitTimes = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fill in BufferRequest
+    mHalBufferReqs.resize(mBufferReqs.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mHalBufferReqs.size(); i++) {
+        mHalBufferReqs[i].streamId = mBufferReqs[i].streamId;
+        mHalBufferReqs[i].numBuffersRequested = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread::threadLoop() {
+    waitForNextRequest();
+    if (exitPending()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("AIDL requestStreamBuffers");
+    BufferRequestStatus status;
+    std::vector<StreamBufferRet> bufRets;
+    ScopedAStatus ret = mCallbacks->requestStreamBuffers(mHalBufferReqs, &bufRets, &status);
+    if (!ret.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Transaction error: %d:%d", __FUNCTION__, ret.getExceptionCode(),
+              ret.getServiceSpecificError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    if (status == BufferRequestStatus::OK || status == BufferRequestStatus::FAILED_PARTIAL) {
+        if (bufRets.size() != mHalBufferReqs.size()) {
+            ALOGE("%s: expect %zu buffer requests returned, only got %zu", __FUNCTION__,
+                  mHalBufferReqs.size(), bufRets.size());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto parent = mParent.lock();
+        if (parent == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s: session has been disconnected!", __FUNCTION__);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<int> importedFences;
+        importedFences.resize(bufRets.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < bufRets.size(); i++) {
+            int streamId = bufRets[i].streamId;
+            switch (bufRets[i].val.getTag()) {
+                case StreamBuffersVal::Tag::error:
+                    continue;
+                case StreamBuffersVal::Tag::buffers: {
+                    const std::vector<StreamBuffer>& hBufs =
+                            bufRets[i].val.get<StreamBuffersVal::Tag::buffers>();
+                    if (hBufs.size() != 1) {
+                        ALOGE("%s: expect 1 buffer returned, got %zu!", __FUNCTION__, hBufs.size());
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    const StreamBuffer& hBuf = hBufs[0];
+
+                    mBufferReqs[i].bufferId = hBuf.bufferId;
+                    // TODO: create a batch import API so we don't need to lock/unlock mCbsLock
+                    // repeatedly?
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    Status s =
+                            parent->importBuffer(streamId, hBuf.bufferId, makeFromAidl(hBuf.buffer),
+                                                 /*out*/ &mBufferReqs[i].bufPtr);
+                    lk.lock();
+
+                    if (s != Status::OK) {
+                        ALOGE("%s: stream %d import buffer failed!", __FUNCTION__, streamId);
+                        cleanupInflightFences(importedFences, i - 1);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if (!sHandleImporter.importFence(makeFromAidl(hBuf.acquireFence),
+                                                     mBufferReqs[i].acquireFence)) {
+                        ALOGE("%s: stream %d import fence failed!", __FUNCTION__, streamId);
+                        cleanupInflightFences(importedFences, i - 1);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    importedFences[i] = mBufferReqs[i].acquireFence;
+                } break;
+                default:
+                    ALOGE("%s: Unknown StreamBuffersVal!", __FUNCTION__);
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("%s: requestStreamBuffers call failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    mPendingReturnBufferReqs = std::move(mBufferReqs);
+    mBufferReqs.clear();
+
+    lk.unlock();
+    mRequestDoneCond.notify_one();
+    return true;
+}
+
+// End ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread functions
+
+// Start ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread functions
+
+ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::OutputThread(
+        std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> parent, CroppingType ct,
+        const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars,
+        std::shared_ptr<BufferRequestThread> bufReqThread)
+    : mParent(parent),
+      mCroppingType(ct),
+      mCameraCharacteristics(chars),
+      mBufferRequestThread(bufReqThread) {}
+
+ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::~OutputThread() {}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::allocateIntermediateBuffers(
+        const Size& v4lSize, const Size& thumbSize, const std::vector<Stream>& streams,
+        uint32_t blobBufferSize) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mBufferLock);
+    if (!mScaledYu12Frames.empty()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: intermediate buffer pool has %zu inflight buffers! (expect 0)", __FUNCTION__,
+              mScaledYu12Frames.size());
+        return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // Allocating intermediate YU12 frame
+    if (mYu12Frame == nullptr || mYu12Frame->mWidth != v4lSize.width ||
+        mYu12Frame->mHeight != v4lSize.height) {
+        mYu12Frame.reset();
+        mYu12Frame = std::make_shared<AllocatedFrame>(v4lSize.width, v4lSize.height);
+        int ret = mYu12Frame->allocate(&mYu12FrameLayout);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: allocating YU12 frame failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+            return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Allocating intermediate YU12 thumbnail frame
+    if (mYu12ThumbFrame == nullptr || mYu12ThumbFrame->mWidth != thumbSize.width ||
+        mYu12ThumbFrame->mHeight != thumbSize.height) {
+        mYu12ThumbFrame.reset();
+        mYu12ThumbFrame = std::make_shared<AllocatedFrame>(thumbSize.width, thumbSize.height);
+        int ret = mYu12ThumbFrame->allocate(&mYu12ThumbFrameLayout);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: allocating YU12 thumb frame failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+            return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Allocating scaled buffers
+    for (const auto& stream : streams) {
+        Size sz = {stream.width, stream.height};
+        if (sz == v4lSize) {
+            continue;  // Don't need an intermediate buffer same size as v4lBuffer
+        }
+        if (mIntermediateBuffers.count(sz) == 0) {
+            // Create new intermediate buffer
+            std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame> buf =
+                    std::make_shared<AllocatedFrame>(stream.width, stream.height);
+            int ret = buf->allocate();
+            if (ret != 0) {
+                ALOGE("%s: allocating intermediate YU12 frame %dx%d failed!", __FUNCTION__,
+                      stream.width, stream.height);
+                return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+            mIntermediateBuffers[sz] = buf;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Remove unconfigured buffers
+    auto it = mIntermediateBuffers.begin();
+    while (it != mIntermediateBuffers.end()) {
+        bool configured = false;
+        auto sz = it->first;
+        for (const auto& stream : streams) {
+            if (stream.width == sz.width && stream.height == sz.height) {
+                configured = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (configured) {
+            it++;
+        } else {
+            it = mIntermediateBuffers.erase(it);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Allocate mute test pattern frame
+    mMuteTestPatternFrame.resize(mYu12Frame->mWidth * mYu12Frame->mHeight * 3);
+
+    mBlobBufferSize = blobBufferSize;
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::submitRequest(
+        const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& req) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mRequestListLock);
+    mRequestList.push_back(req);
+    lk.unlock();
+    mRequestCond.notify_one();
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::flush() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    auto parent = mParent.lock();
+    if (parent == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: session has been disconnected!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mRequestListLock);
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> reqs = std::move(mRequestList);
+    mRequestList.clear();
+    if (mProcessingRequest) {
+        auto timeout = std::chrono::seconds(kFlushWaitTimeoutSec);
+        auto st = mRequestDoneCond.wait_for(lk, timeout);
+        if (st == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            ALOGE("%s: wait for inflight request finish timeout!", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s: flushing inflight requests", __FUNCTION__);
+    lk.unlock();
+    for (const auto& req : reqs) {
+        parent->processCaptureRequestError(req);
+    }
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::dump(int fd) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mRequestListLock);
+    if (mProcessingRequest) {
+        dprintf(fd, "OutputThread processing frame %d\n", mProcessingFrameNumber);
+    } else {
+        dprintf(fd, "OutputThread not processing any frames\n");
+    }
+    dprintf(fd, "OutputThread request list contains frame: ");
+    for (const auto& req : mRequestList) {
+        dprintf(fd, "%d, ", req->frameNumber);
+    }
+    dprintf(fd, "\n");
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::setExifMakeModel(const std::string& make,
+                                                                 const std::string& model) {
+    mExifMake = make;
+    mExifModel = model;
+}
+
+std::list<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>>
+ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::switchToOffline() {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    auto parent = mParent.lock();
+    if (parent == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: session has been disconnected!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mRequestListLock);
+    std::list<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> reqs = std::move(mRequestList);
+    mRequestList.clear();
+    if (mProcessingRequest) {
+        auto timeout = std::chrono::seconds(kFlushWaitTimeoutSec);
+        auto st = mRequestDoneCond.wait_for(lk, timeout);
+        if (st == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            ALOGE("%s: wait for inflight request finish timeout!", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+    }
+    lk.unlock();
+    clearIntermediateBuffers();
+    ALOGV("%s: returning %zu request for offline processing", __FUNCTION__, reqs.size());
+    return reqs;
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::requestBufferStart(
+        const std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>& bufs) {
+    if (mBufferRequestThread == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return mBufferRequestThread->requestBufferStart(bufs);
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::waitForBufferRequestDone(
+        std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>* outBufs) {
+    if (mBufferRequestThread == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return mBufferRequestThread->waitForBufferRequestDone(outBufs);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::waitForNextRequest(
+        std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>* out) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    if (out == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: out is null", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mRequestListLock);
+    int waitTimes = 0;
+    while (mRequestList.empty()) {
+        if (exitPending()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        auto timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(kReqWaitTimeoutMs);
+        auto st = mRequestCond.wait_for(lk, timeout);
+        if (st == std::cv_status::timeout) {
+            waitTimes++;
+            if (waitTimes == kReqWaitTimesMax) {
+                // no new request, return
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    *out = mRequestList.front();
+    mRequestList.pop_front();
+    mProcessingRequest = true;
+    mProcessingFrameNumber = (*out)->frameNumber;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::signalRequestDone() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mRequestListLock);
+    mProcessingRequest = false;
+    mProcessingFrameNumber = 0;
+    lk.unlock();
+    mRequestDoneCond.notify_one();
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::cropAndScaleLocked(
+        std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame>& in, const Size& outSz, YCbCrLayout* out) {
+    Size inSz = {in->mWidth, in->mHeight};
+
+    int ret;
+    if (inSz == outSz) {
+        ret = in->getLayout(out);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to get input image layout", __FUNCTION__);
+            return ret;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // Cropping to output aspect ratio
+    IMapper::Rect inputCrop;
+    ret = getCropRect(mCroppingType, inSz, outSz, &inputCrop);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to compute crop rect for output size %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, outSz.width,
+              outSz.height);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    YCbCrLayout croppedLayout;
+    ret = in->getCroppedLayout(inputCrop, &croppedLayout);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to crop input image %dx%d to output size %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, inSz.width,
+              inSz.height, outSz.width, outSz.height);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if ((mCroppingType == VERTICAL && inSz.width == outSz.width) ||
+        (mCroppingType == HORIZONTAL && inSz.height == outSz.height)) {
+        // No scale is needed
+        *out = croppedLayout;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    auto it = mScaledYu12Frames.find(outSz);
+    std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame> scaledYu12Buf;
+    if (it != mScaledYu12Frames.end()) {
+        scaledYu12Buf = it->second;
+    } else {
+        it = mIntermediateBuffers.find(outSz);
+        if (it == mIntermediateBuffers.end()) {
+            ALOGE("%s: failed to find intermediate buffer size %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, outSz.width,
+                  outSz.height);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        scaledYu12Buf = it->second;
+    }
+    // Scale
+    YCbCrLayout outLayout;
+    ret = scaledYu12Buf->getLayout(&outLayout);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to get output buffer layout", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = libyuv::I420Scale(
+            static_cast<uint8_t*>(croppedLayout.y), croppedLayout.yStride,
+            static_cast<uint8_t*>(croppedLayout.cb), croppedLayout.cStride,
+            static_cast<uint8_t*>(croppedLayout.cr), croppedLayout.cStride, inputCrop.width,
+            inputCrop.height, static_cast<uint8_t*>(outLayout.y), outLayout.yStride,
+            static_cast<uint8_t*>(outLayout.cb), outLayout.cStride,
+            static_cast<uint8_t*>(outLayout.cr), outLayout.cStride, outSz.width, outSz.height,
+            // TODO: b/72261744 see if we can use better filter without losing too much perf
+            libyuv::FilterMode::kFilterNone);
+
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to scale buffer from %dx%d to %dx%d. Ret %d", __FUNCTION__,
+              inputCrop.width, inputCrop.height, outSz.width, outSz.height, ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    *out = outLayout;
+    mScaledYu12Frames.insert({outSz, scaledYu12Buf});
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::cropAndScaleThumbLocked(
+        std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame>& in, const Size& outSz, YCbCrLayout* out) {
+    Size inSz{in->mWidth, in->mHeight};
+
+    if ((outSz.width * outSz.height) > (mYu12ThumbFrame->mWidth * mYu12ThumbFrame->mHeight)) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Requested thumbnail size too big (%d,%d) > (%d,%d)", __FUNCTION__, outSz.width,
+              outSz.height, mYu12ThumbFrame->mWidth, mYu12ThumbFrame->mHeight);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int ret;
+
+    /* This will crop-and-zoom the input YUV frame to the thumbnail size
+     * Based on the following logic:
+     *  1) Square pixels come in, square pixels come out, therefore single
+     *  scale factor is computed to either make input bigger or smaller
+     *  depending on if we are upscaling or downscaling
+     *  2) That single scale factor would either make height too tall or width
+     *  too wide so we need to crop the input either horizontally or vertically
+     *  but not both
+     */
+
+    /* Convert the input and output dimensions into floats for ease of math */
+    float fWin = static_cast<float>(inSz.width);
+    float fHin = static_cast<float>(inSz.height);
+    float fWout = static_cast<float>(outSz.width);
+    float fHout = static_cast<float>(outSz.height);
+
+    /* Compute the one scale factor from (1) above, it will be the smaller of
+     * the two possibilities. */
+    float scaleFactor = std::min(fHin / fHout, fWin / fWout);
+
+    /* Since we are crop-and-zooming (as opposed to letter/pillar boxing) we can
+     * simply multiply the output by our scaleFactor to get the cropped input
+     * size. Note that at least one of {fWcrop, fHcrop} is going to wind up
+     * being {fWin, fHin} respectively because fHout or fWout cancels out the
+     * scaleFactor calculation above.
+     *
+     * Specifically:
+     *  if ( fHin / fHout ) < ( fWin / fWout ) we crop the sides off
+     * input, in which case
+     *    scaleFactor = fHin / fHout
+     *    fWcrop = fHin / fHout * fWout
+     *    fHcrop = fHin
+     *
+     * Note that fWcrop <= fWin ( because ( fHin / fHout ) * fWout < fWin, which
+     * is just the inequality above with both sides multiplied by fWout
+     *
+     * on the other hand if ( fWin / fWout ) < ( fHin / fHout) we crop the top
+     * and the bottom off of input, and
+     *    scaleFactor = fWin / fWout
+     *    fWcrop = fWin
+     *    fHCrop = fWin / fWout * fHout
+     */
+    float fWcrop = scaleFactor * fWout;
+    float fHcrop = scaleFactor * fHout;
+
+    /* Convert to integer and truncate to an even number */
+    Size cropSz = {.width = 2 * static_cast<int32_t>(fWcrop / 2.0f),
+                   .height = 2 * static_cast<int32_t>(fHcrop / 2.0f)};
+
+    /* Convert to a centered rectange with even top/left */
+    IMapper::Rect inputCrop{.left = 2 * static_cast<int32_t>((inSz.width - cropSz.width) / 4),
+                            .top = 2 * static_cast<int32_t>((inSz.height - cropSz.height) / 4),
+                            .width = static_cast<int32_t>(cropSz.width),
+                            .height = static_cast<int32_t>(cropSz.height)};
+
+    if ((inputCrop.top < 0) || (inputCrop.top >= static_cast<int32_t>(inSz.height)) ||
+        (inputCrop.left < 0) || (inputCrop.left >= static_cast<int32_t>(inSz.width)) ||
+        (inputCrop.width <= 0) ||
+        (inputCrop.width + inputCrop.left > static_cast<int32_t>(inSz.width)) ||
+        (inputCrop.height <= 0) ||
+        (inputCrop.height + inputCrop.top > static_cast<int32_t>(inSz.height))) {
+        ALOGE("%s: came up with really wrong crop rectangle", __FUNCTION__);
+        ALOGE("%s: input layout %dx%d to for output size %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, inSz.width,
+              inSz.height, outSz.width, outSz.height);
+        ALOGE("%s: computed input crop +%d,+%d %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, inputCrop.left, inputCrop.top,
+              inputCrop.width, inputCrop.height);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    YCbCrLayout inputLayout;
+    ret = in->getCroppedLayout(inputCrop, &inputLayout);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to crop input layout %dx%d to for output size %dx%d", __FUNCTION__,
+              inSz.width, inSz.height, outSz.width, outSz.height);
+        ALOGE("%s: computed input crop +%d,+%d %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, inputCrop.left, inputCrop.top,
+              inputCrop.width, inputCrop.height);
+        return ret;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: crop input layout %dx%d to for output size %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, inSz.width,
+          inSz.height, outSz.width, outSz.height);
+    ALOGV("%s: computed input crop +%d,+%d %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, inputCrop.left, inputCrop.top,
+          inputCrop.width, inputCrop.height);
+
+    // Scale
+    YCbCrLayout outFullLayout;
+
+    ret = mYu12ThumbFrame->getLayout(&outFullLayout);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to get output buffer layout", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = libyuv::I420Scale(static_cast<uint8_t*>(inputLayout.y), inputLayout.yStride,
+                            static_cast<uint8_t*>(inputLayout.cb), inputLayout.cStride,
+                            static_cast<uint8_t*>(inputLayout.cr), inputLayout.cStride,
+                            inputCrop.width, inputCrop.height,
+                            static_cast<uint8_t*>(outFullLayout.y), outFullLayout.yStride,
+                            static_cast<uint8_t*>(outFullLayout.cb), outFullLayout.cStride,
+                            static_cast<uint8_t*>(outFullLayout.cr), outFullLayout.cStride,
+                            outSz.width, outSz.height, libyuv::FilterMode::kFilterNone);
+
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: failed to scale buffer from %dx%d to %dx%d. Ret %d", __FUNCTION__,
+              inputCrop.width, inputCrop.height, outSz.width, outSz.height, ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    *out = outFullLayout;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::createJpegLocked(
+        HalStreamBuffer& halBuf, const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& setting) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    int ret;
+    auto lfail = [&](auto... args) {
+        ALOGE(args...);
+
+        return 1;
+    };
+    auto parent = mParent.lock();
+    if (parent == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: session has been disconnected!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s: HAL buffer sid: %d bid: %" PRIu64 " w: %u h: %u", __FUNCTION__, halBuf.streamId,
+          static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.bufferId), halBuf.width, halBuf.height);
+    ALOGV("%s: HAL buffer fmt: %x usage: %" PRIx64 " ptr: %p", __FUNCTION__, halBuf.format,
+          static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.usage), halBuf.bufPtr);
+    ALOGV("%s: YV12 buffer %d x %d", __FUNCTION__, mYu12Frame->mWidth, mYu12Frame->mHeight);
+
+    int jpegQuality, thumbQuality;
+    Size thumbSize;
+    bool outputThumbnail = true;
+
+    if (setting.exists(ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY)) {
+        camera_metadata_ro_entry entry = setting.find(ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY);
+        jpegQuality = entry.data.u8[0];
+    } else {
+        return lfail("%s: ANDROID_JPEG_QUALITY not set", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    if (setting.exists(ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY)) {
+        camera_metadata_ro_entry entry = setting.find(ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY);
+        thumbQuality = entry.data.u8[0];
+    } else {
+        return lfail("%s: ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_QUALITY not set", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    if (setting.exists(ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE)) {
+        camera_metadata_ro_entry entry = setting.find(ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE);
+        thumbSize = Size{.width = entry.data.i32[0], .height = entry.data.i32[1]};
+        if (thumbSize.width == 0 && thumbSize.height == 0) {
+            outputThumbnail = false;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return lfail("%s: ANDROID_JPEG_THUMBNAIL_SIZE not set", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    /* Cropped and scaled YU12 buffer for main and thumbnail */
+    YCbCrLayout yu12Main;
+    Size jpegSize{halBuf.width, halBuf.height};
+
+    /* Compute temporary buffer sizes accounting for the following:
+     * thumbnail can't exceed APP1 size of 64K
+     * main image needs to hold APP1, headers, and at most a poorly
+     * compressed image */
+    const ssize_t maxThumbCodeSize = 64 * 1024;
+    const ssize_t maxJpegCodeSize =
+            mBlobBufferSize == 0 ? parent->getJpegBufferSize(jpegSize.width, jpegSize.height)
+                                 : mBlobBufferSize;
+
+    /* Check that getJpegBufferSize did not return an error */
+    if (maxJpegCodeSize < 0) {
+        return lfail("%s: getJpegBufferSize returned %zd", __FUNCTION__, maxJpegCodeSize);
+    }
+
+    /* Hold actual thumbnail and main image code sizes */
+    size_t thumbCodeSize = 0, jpegCodeSize = 0;
+    /* Temporary thumbnail code buffer */
+    std::vector<uint8_t> thumbCode(outputThumbnail ? maxThumbCodeSize : 0);
+
+    YCbCrLayout yu12Thumb;
+    if (outputThumbnail) {
+        ret = cropAndScaleThumbLocked(mYu12Frame, thumbSize, &yu12Thumb);
+
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            return lfail("%s: crop and scale thumbnail failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Scale and crop main jpeg */
+    ret = cropAndScaleLocked(mYu12Frame, jpegSize, &yu12Main);
+
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        return lfail("%s: crop and scale main failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    /* Encode the thumbnail image */
+    if (outputThumbnail) {
+        ret = encodeJpegYU12(thumbSize, yu12Thumb, thumbQuality, 0, 0, &thumbCode[0],
+                             maxThumbCodeSize, thumbCodeSize);
+
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            return lfail("%s: thumbnail encodeJpegYU12 failed with %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Combine camera characteristics with request settings to form EXIF
+     * metadata */
+    common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata meta(mCameraCharacteristics);
+    meta.append(setting);
+
+    /* Generate EXIF object */
+    std::unique_ptr<ExifUtils> utils(ExifUtils::create());
+    /* Make sure it's initialized */
+    utils->initialize();
+
+    utils->setFromMetadata(meta, jpegSize.width, jpegSize.height);
+    utils->setMake(mExifMake);
+    utils->setModel(mExifModel);
+
+    ret = utils->generateApp1(outputThumbnail ? &thumbCode[0] : nullptr, thumbCodeSize);
+
+    if (!ret) {
+        return lfail("%s: generating APP1 failed", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    /* Get internal buffer */
+    size_t exifDataSize = utils->getApp1Length();
+    const uint8_t* exifData = utils->getApp1Buffer();
+
+    /* Lock the HAL jpeg code buffer */
+    void* bufPtr = sHandleImporter.lock(*(halBuf.bufPtr), static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.usage),
+                                        maxJpegCodeSize);
+
+    if (!bufPtr) {
+        return lfail("%s: could not lock %zu bytes", __FUNCTION__, maxJpegCodeSize);
+    }
+
+    /* Encode the main jpeg image */
+    ret = encodeJpegYU12(jpegSize, yu12Main, jpegQuality, exifData, exifDataSize, bufPtr,
+                         maxJpegCodeSize, jpegCodeSize);
+
+    /* TODO: Not sure this belongs here, maybe better to pass jpegCodeSize out
+     * and do this when returning buffer to parent */
+    CameraBlob blob{CameraBlobId::JPEG, static_cast<int32_t>(jpegCodeSize)};
+    void* blobDst = reinterpret_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(bufPtr) + maxJpegCodeSize -
+                                            sizeof(CameraBlob));
+    memcpy(blobDst, &blob, sizeof(CameraBlob));
+
+    /* Unlock the HAL jpeg code buffer */
+    int relFence = sHandleImporter.unlock(*(halBuf.bufPtr));
+    if (relFence >= 0) {
+        halBuf.acquireFence = relFence;
+    }
+
+    /* Check if our JPEG actually succeeded */
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        return lfail("%s: encodeJpegYU12 failed with %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s: encoded JPEG (ret:%d) with Q:%d max size: %zu", __FUNCTION__, ret, jpegQuality,
+          maxJpegCodeSize);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::clearIntermediateBuffers() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mBufferLock);
+    mYu12Frame.reset();
+    mYu12ThumbFrame.reset();
+    mIntermediateBuffers.clear();
+    mMuteTestPatternFrame.clear();
+    mBlobBufferSize = 0;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::threadLoop() {
+    std::shared_ptr<HalRequest> req;
+    auto parent = mParent.lock();
+    if (parent == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: session has been disconnected!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // TODO: maybe we need to setup a sensor thread to dq/enq v4l frames
+    //       regularly to prevent v4l buffer queue filled with stale buffers
+    //       when app doesn't program a preview request
+    waitForNextRequest(&req);
+    if (req == nullptr) {
+        // No new request, wait again
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    auto onDeviceError = [&](auto... args) {
+        ALOGE(args...);
+        parent->notifyError(req->frameNumber, /*stream*/ -1, ErrorCode::ERROR_DEVICE);
+        signalRequestDone();
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    if (req->frameIn->mFourcc != V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG && req->frameIn->mFourcc != V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16) {
+        return onDeviceError("%s: do not support V4L2 format %c%c%c%c", __FUNCTION__,
+                             req->frameIn->mFourcc & 0xFF, (req->frameIn->mFourcc >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (req->frameIn->mFourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (req->frameIn->mFourcc >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    int res = requestBufferStart(req->buffers);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: send BufferRequest failed! res %d", __FUNCTION__, res);
+        return onDeviceError("%s: failed to send buffer request!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mBufferLock);
+    // Convert input V4L2 frame to YU12 of the same size
+    // TODO: see if we can save some computation by converting to YV12 here
+    uint8_t* inData;
+    size_t inDataSize;
+    if (req->frameIn->getData(&inData, &inDataSize) != 0) {
+        lk.unlock();
+        return onDeviceError("%s: V4L2 buffer map failed", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    // Process camera mute state
+    auto testPatternMode = req->setting.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE);
+    if (testPatternMode.count == 1) {
+        if (mCameraMuted != (testPatternMode.data.u8[0] != ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_OFF)) {
+            mCameraMuted = !mCameraMuted;
+            // Get solid color for test pattern, if any was set
+            if (testPatternMode.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_MODE_SOLID_COLOR) {
+                auto entry = req->setting.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_TEST_PATTERN_DATA);
+                if (entry.count == 4) {
+                    // Update the mute frame if the pattern color has changed
+                    if (memcmp(entry.data.i32, mTestPatternData, sizeof(mTestPatternData)) != 0) {
+                        memcpy(mTestPatternData, entry.data.i32, sizeof(mTestPatternData));
+                        // Fill the mute frame with the solid color, use only 8 MSB of RGGB as RGB
+                        for (int i = 0; i < mMuteTestPatternFrame.size(); i += 3) {
+                            mMuteTestPatternFrame[i] = entry.data.i32[0] >> 24;
+                            mMuteTestPatternFrame[i + 1] = entry.data.i32[1] >> 24;
+                            mMuteTestPatternFrame[i + 2] = entry.data.i32[3] >> 24;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: in some special case maybe we can decode jpg directly to gralloc output?
+    if (req->frameIn->mFourcc == V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG) {
+        ATRACE_BEGIN("MJPGtoI420");
+        res = 0;
+        if (mCameraMuted) {
+            res = libyuv::ConvertToI420(
+                    mMuteTestPatternFrame.data(), mMuteTestPatternFrame.size(),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.y), mYu12FrameLayout.yStride,
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.cb), mYu12FrameLayout.cStride,
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.cr), mYu12FrameLayout.cStride, 0, 0,
+                    mYu12Frame->mWidth, mYu12Frame->mHeight, mYu12Frame->mWidth,
+                    mYu12Frame->mHeight, libyuv::kRotate0, libyuv::FOURCC_RAW);
+        } else {
+            res = libyuv::MJPGToI420(
+                    inData, inDataSize, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.y),
+                    mYu12FrameLayout.yStride, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.cb),
+                    mYu12FrameLayout.cStride, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.cr),
+                    mYu12FrameLayout.cStride, mYu12Frame->mWidth, mYu12Frame->mHeight,
+                    mYu12Frame->mWidth, mYu12Frame->mHeight);
+        }
+        ATRACE_END();
+
+        if (res != 0) {
+            // For some webcam, the first few V4L2 frames might be malformed...
+            ALOGE("%s: Convert V4L2 frame to YU12 failed! res %d", __FUNCTION__, res);
+            lk.unlock();
+            Status st = parent->processCaptureRequestError(req);
+            if (st != Status::OK) {
+                return onDeviceError("%s: failed to process capture request error!", __FUNCTION__);
+            }
+            signalRequestDone();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("Wait for BufferRequest done");
+    res = waitForBufferRequestDone(&req->buffers);
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    if (res != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: wait for BufferRequest done failed! res %d", __FUNCTION__, res);
+        lk.unlock();
+        return onDeviceError("%s: failed to process buffer request error!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s processing new request", __FUNCTION__);
+    const int kSyncWaitTimeoutMs = 500;
+    for (auto& halBuf : req->buffers) {
+        if (*(halBuf.bufPtr) == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("%s: buffer for stream %d missing", __FUNCTION__, halBuf.streamId);
+            halBuf.fenceTimeout = true;
+        } else if (halBuf.acquireFence >= 0) {
+            int ret = sync_wait(halBuf.acquireFence, kSyncWaitTimeoutMs);
+            if (ret) {
+                halBuf.fenceTimeout = true;
+            } else {
+                ::close(halBuf.acquireFence);
+                halBuf.acquireFence = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (halBuf.fenceTimeout) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Gralloc lockYCbCr the buffer
+        switch (halBuf.format) {
+            case PixelFormat::BLOB: {
+                int ret = createJpegLocked(halBuf, req->setting);
+
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    return onDeviceError("%s: createJpegLocked failed with %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+                }
+            } break;
+            case PixelFormat::Y16: {
+                void* outLayout = sHandleImporter.lock(
+                        *(halBuf.bufPtr), static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.usage), inDataSize);
+
+                std::memcpy(outLayout, inData, inDataSize);
+
+                int relFence = sHandleImporter.unlock(*(halBuf.bufPtr));
+                if (relFence >= 0) {
+                    halBuf.acquireFence = relFence;
+                }
+            } break;
+            case PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888:
+            case PixelFormat::YV12: {
+                IMapper::Rect outRect{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(halBuf.width),
+                                      static_cast<int32_t>(halBuf.height)};
+                YCbCrLayout outLayout = sHandleImporter.lockYCbCr(
+                        *(halBuf.bufPtr), static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.usage), outRect);
+                ALOGV("%s: outLayout y %p cb %p cr %p y_str %d c_str %d c_step %d", __FUNCTION__,
+                      outLayout.y, outLayout.cb, outLayout.cr, outLayout.yStride, outLayout.cStride,
+                      outLayout.chromaStep);
+
+                // Convert to output buffer size/format
+                uint32_t outputFourcc = getFourCcFromLayout(outLayout);
+                ALOGV("%s: converting to format %c%c%c%c", __FUNCTION__, outputFourcc & 0xFF,
+                      (outputFourcc >> 8) & 0xFF, (outputFourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                      (outputFourcc >> 24) & 0xFF);
+
+                YCbCrLayout cropAndScaled;
+                ATRACE_BEGIN("cropAndScaleLocked");
+                int ret = cropAndScaleLocked(mYu12Frame, Size{halBuf.width, halBuf.height},
+                                             &cropAndScaled);
+                ATRACE_END();
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    return onDeviceError("%s: crop and scale failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+                }
+
+                Size sz{halBuf.width, halBuf.height};
+                ATRACE_BEGIN("formatConvert");
+                ret = formatConvert(cropAndScaled, outLayout, sz, outputFourcc);
+                ATRACE_END();
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    return onDeviceError("%s: format conversion failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+                }
+                int relFence = sHandleImporter.unlock(*(halBuf.bufPtr));
+                if (relFence >= 0) {
+                    halBuf.acquireFence = relFence;
+                }
+            } break;
+            default:
+                lk.unlock();
+                return onDeviceError("%s: unknown output format %x", __FUNCTION__, halBuf.format);
+        }
+    }  // for each buffer
+    mScaledYu12Frames.clear();
+
+    // Don't hold the lock while calling back to parent
+    lk.unlock();
+    Status st = parent->processCaptureResult(req);
+    if (st != Status::OK) {
+        return onDeviceError("%s: failed to process capture result!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+    signalRequestDone();
+    return true;
+}
+
+// End ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread functions
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d42092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERADEVICESESSION_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERADEVICESESSION_H_
+
+#include <ExternalCameraUtils.h>
+#include <SimpleThread.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraDeviceSession.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferRequest.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h>
+#include <utils/Thread.h>
+#include <deque>
+#include <list>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraDeviceSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferCache;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraOfflineSessionInfo;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureRequest;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraOfflineSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::RequestTemplate;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamConfiguration;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite;
+using ::android::AidlMessageQueue;
+using ::android::base::unique_fd;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::helper::SimpleThread;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::external::common::ExternalCameraConfig;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::external::common::SizeHasher;
+using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+class ExternalCameraDeviceSession : public BnCameraDeviceSession, public OutputThreadInterface {
+  public:
+    ExternalCameraDeviceSession(const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>&,
+                                const ExternalCameraConfig& cfg,
+                                const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& sortedFormats,
+                                const CroppingType& croppingType,
+                                const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars,
+                                const std::string& cameraId, unique_fd v4l2Fd);
+    ~ExternalCameraDeviceSession() override;
+
+    // Caller must use this method to check if CameraDeviceSession ctor failed
+    bool isInitFailed();
+    bool isClosed();
+
+    ScopedAStatus close() override;
+
+    ScopedAStatus configureStreams(const StreamConfiguration& in_requestedConfiguration,
+                                   std::vector<HalStream>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus constructDefaultRequestSettings(RequestTemplate in_type,
+                                                  CameraMetadata* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus flush() override;
+    ScopedAStatus getCaptureRequestMetadataQueue(
+            MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+            MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus isReconfigurationRequired(const CameraMetadata& in_oldSessionParams,
+                                            const CameraMetadata& in_newSessionParams,
+                                            bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus processCaptureRequest(const std::vector<CaptureRequest>& in_requests,
+                                        const std::vector<BufferCache>& in_cachesToRemove,
+                                        int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus signalStreamFlush(const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds,
+                                    int32_t in_streamConfigCounter) override;
+    ScopedAStatus switchToOffline(const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamsToKeep,
+                                  CameraOfflineSessionInfo* out_offlineSessionInfo,
+                                  std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus repeatingRequestEnd(int32_t in_frameNumber,
+                                      const std::vector<int32_t>& in_streamIds) override;
+
+    Status importBuffer(int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId, buffer_handle_t buf,
+                        buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) override;
+
+    void notifyError(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId, ErrorCode ec) override;
+
+    Status processCaptureRequestError(const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& ptr,
+                                      std::vector<NotifyMsg>* msgs,
+                                      std::vector<CaptureResult>* results) override;
+
+    Status processCaptureResult(std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& ptr) override;
+    ssize_t getJpegBufferSize(int32_t width, int32_t height) const override;
+
+    // Called by CameraDevice to dump active device states
+    binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+    static Status isStreamCombinationSupported(
+            const StreamConfiguration& config,
+            const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& supportedFormats,
+            const ExternalCameraConfig& devCfg);
+
+    static const int kMaxProcessedStream = 2;
+    static const int kMaxStallStream = 1;
+    static const uint32_t kMaxBytesPerPixel = 2;
+
+    class BufferRequestThread : public SimpleThread {
+      public:
+        BufferRequestThread(std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> parent,
+                            std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> callbacks);
+
+        int requestBufferStart(const std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>&);
+        int waitForBufferRequestDone(
+                /*out*/ std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>*);
+
+        bool threadLoop() override;
+
+      private:
+        void waitForNextRequest();
+
+        const std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> mParent;
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> mCallbacks;
+
+        std::mutex mLock;
+        bool mRequestingBuffer = false;
+
+        std::vector<HalStreamBuffer> mBufferReqs;
+        std::vector<HalStreamBuffer> mPendingReturnBufferReqs;
+        // mHalBufferReqs is not under mLock protection during the HIDL transaction
+        std::vector<BufferRequest> mHalBufferReqs;
+
+        // request buffers takes much less time in steady state, but can take much longer
+        // when requesting 1st buffer from a stream.
+        // TODO: consider a separate timeout for new vs. steady state?
+        // TODO: or make sure framework is warming up the pipeline during configure new stream?
+        static const int kReqProcTimeoutMs = 66;
+
+        static const int kReqWaitTimeoutMs = 33;
+        static const int kReqWaitTimesWarn = 90;   // 33ms * 90 ~= 3 sec
+        std::condition_variable mRequestCond;      // signaled when a new buffer request incoming
+        std::condition_variable mRequestDoneCond;  // signaled when a request is done
+    };
+
+    class OutputThread : public SimpleThread {
+      public:
+        OutputThread(std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> parent, CroppingType,
+                     const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata&,
+                     std::shared_ptr<BufferRequestThread> bufReqThread);
+        ~OutputThread();
+
+        Status allocateIntermediateBuffers(const Size& v4lSize, const Size& thumbSize,
+                                           const std::vector<Stream>& streams,
+                                           uint32_t blobBufferSize);
+        Status submitRequest(const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>&);
+        void flush();
+        void dump(int fd);
+        bool threadLoop() override;
+
+        void setExifMakeModel(const std::string& make, const std::string& model);
+
+        // The remaining request list is returned for offline processing
+        std::list<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> switchToOffline();
+
+      protected:
+        static const int kFlushWaitTimeoutSec = 3;  // 3 sec
+        static const int kReqWaitTimeoutMs = 33;    // 33ms
+        static const int kReqWaitTimesMax = 90;     // 33ms * 90 ~= 3 sec
+
+        // Methods to request output buffer in parallel
+        int requestBufferStart(const std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>&);
+        int waitForBufferRequestDone(
+                /*out*/ std::vector<HalStreamBuffer>*);
+
+        void waitForNextRequest(std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>* out);
+        void signalRequestDone();
+
+        int cropAndScaleLocked(std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame>& in, const Size& outSize,
+                               YCbCrLayout* out);
+
+        int cropAndScaleThumbLocked(std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame>& in, const Size& outSize,
+                                    YCbCrLayout* out);
+
+        int createJpegLocked(HalStreamBuffer& halBuf,
+                             const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& settings);
+
+        void clearIntermediateBuffers();
+
+        const std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> mParent;
+        const CroppingType mCroppingType;
+        const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata mCameraCharacteristics;
+
+        mutable std::mutex mRequestListLock;       // Protect access to mRequestList,
+                                                   // mProcessingRequest and mProcessingFrameNumber
+        std::condition_variable mRequestCond;      // signaled when a new request is submitted
+        std::condition_variable mRequestDoneCond;  // signaled when a request is done processing
+        std::list<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> mRequestList;
+        bool mProcessingRequest = false;
+        uint32_t mProcessingFrameNumber = 0;
+
+        // V4L2 frameIn
+        // (MJPG decode)-> mYu12Frame
+        // (Scale)-> mScaledYu12Frames
+        // (Format convert) -> output gralloc frames
+        mutable std::mutex mBufferLock;  // Protect access to intermediate buffers
+        std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame> mYu12Frame;
+        std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame> mYu12ThumbFrame;
+        std::unordered_map<Size, std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame>, SizeHasher> mIntermediateBuffers;
+        std::unordered_map<Size, std::shared_ptr<AllocatedFrame>, SizeHasher> mScaledYu12Frames;
+        YCbCrLayout mYu12FrameLayout;
+        YCbCrLayout mYu12ThumbFrameLayout;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> mMuteTestPatternFrame;
+        uint32_t mTestPatternData[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+        bool mCameraMuted = false;
+        uint32_t mBlobBufferSize = 0;  // 0 -> HAL derive buffer size, else: use given size
+
+        std::string mExifMake;
+        std::string mExifModel;
+
+        const std::shared_ptr<BufferRequestThread> mBufferRequestThread;
+    };
+
+  private:
+    bool initialize();
+    // To init/close different version of output thread
+    void initOutputThread();
+    void closeOutputThread();
+    void closeOutputThreadImpl();
+
+    void close(bool callerIsDtor);
+    Status initStatus() const;
+    status_t initDefaultRequests();
+
+    status_t fillCaptureResult(common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& md, nsecs_t timestamp);
+    int configureV4l2StreamLocked(const SupportedV4L2Format& fmt, double fps = 0.0);
+    int v4l2StreamOffLocked();
+
+    int setV4l2FpsLocked(double fps);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<V4L2Frame> dequeueV4l2FrameLocked(
+            /*out*/ nsecs_t* shutterTs);  // Called with mLock held
+
+    void enqueueV4l2Frame(const std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame>&);
+
+    // Check if input Stream is one of supported stream setting on this device
+    static bool isSupported(const Stream& stream,
+                            const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format>& supportedFormats,
+                            const ExternalCameraConfig& cfg);
+
+    // Validate and import request's output buffers and acquire fence
+    Status importRequestLocked(const CaptureRequest& request,
+                               std::vector<buffer_handle_t*>& allBufPtrs,
+                               std::vector<int>& allFences);
+
+    Status importRequestLockedImpl(const CaptureRequest& request,
+                                   std::vector<buffer_handle_t*>& allBufPtrs,
+                                   std::vector<int>& allFences);
+
+    Status importBufferLocked(int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId, buffer_handle_t buf,
+                              /*out*/ buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr);
+    static void cleanupInflightFences(std::vector<int>& allFences, size_t numFences);
+    void cleanupBuffersLocked(int id);
+
+    void updateBufferCaches(const std::vector<BufferCache>& cachesToRemove);
+
+    Status processOneCaptureRequest(const CaptureRequest& request);
+    void notifyShutter(int32_t frameNumber, nsecs_t shutterTs);
+
+    void invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(std::vector<CaptureResult>& results, bool tryWriteFmq);
+    Size getMaxJpegResolution() const;
+
+    Size getMaxThumbResolution() const;
+
+    int waitForV4L2BufferReturnLocked(std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& lk);
+
+    // Main body of switchToOffline. This method does not invoke any callbacks
+    // but instead returns the necessary callbacks in output arguments so callers
+    // can callback later without holding any locks
+    Status switchToOffline(const std::vector<int32_t>& offlineStreams,
+                           /*out*/ std::vector<NotifyMsg>* msgs,
+                           /*out*/ std::vector<CaptureResult>* results,
+                           /*out*/ CameraOfflineSessionInfo* info,
+                           /*out*/ std::shared_ptr<ICameraOfflineSession>* session);
+
+    bool supportOfflineLocked(int32_t streamId);
+
+    // Whether a request can be completely dropped when switching to offline
+    bool canDropRequest(const std::vector<int32_t>& offlineStreams,
+                        std::shared_ptr<HalRequest> halReq);
+
+    void fillOfflineSessionInfo(const std::vector<int32_t>& offlineStreams,
+                                std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>>& offlineReqs,
+                                const std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers>& circulatingBuffers,
+                                /*out*/ CameraOfflineSessionInfo* info);
+
+    // Protect (most of) HIDL interface methods from synchronized-entering
+    mutable Mutex mInterfaceLock;
+
+    mutable Mutex mLock;  // Protect all private members except otherwise noted
+    const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> mCallback;
+    const ExternalCameraConfig& mCfg;
+    const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata mCameraCharacteristics;
+    const std::vector<SupportedV4L2Format> mSupportedFormats;
+    const CroppingType mCroppingType;
+    const std::string mCameraId;
+
+    // Not protected by mLock, this is almost a const.
+    // Setup in constructor, reset in close() after OutputThread is joined
+    unique_fd mV4l2Fd;
+
+    // device is closed either
+    //    - closed by user
+    //    - init failed
+    //    - camera disconnected
+    bool mClosed = false;
+    bool mInitialized = false;
+    bool mInitFail = false;
+    bool mFirstRequest = false;
+    common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata mLatestReqSetting;
+
+    bool mV4l2Streaming = false;
+    SupportedV4L2Format mV4l2StreamingFmt;
+    double mV4l2StreamingFps = 0.0;
+    size_t mV4L2BufferCount = 0;
+
+    static const int kBufferWaitTimeoutSec = 3;  // TODO: handle long exposure (or not allowing)
+    std::mutex mV4l2BufferLock;                  // protect the buffer count and condition below
+    std::condition_variable mV4L2BufferReturned;
+    size_t mNumDequeuedV4l2Buffers = 0;
+    uint32_t mMaxV4L2BufferSize = 0;
+
+    // Not protected by mLock (but might be used when mLock is locked)
+    std::shared_ptr<OutputThread> mOutputThread;
+
+    // Stream ID -> Stream cache
+    std::unordered_map<int, Stream> mStreamMap;
+
+    std::mutex mInflightFramesLock;  // protect mInflightFrames
+    std::unordered_set<uint32_t> mInflightFrames;
+
+    // Stream ID -> circulating buffers map
+    std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers> mCirculatingBuffers;
+    // Protect mCirculatingBuffers, must not lock mLock after acquiring this lock
+    mutable Mutex mCbsLock;
+
+    std::mutex mAfTriggerLock;  // protect mAfTrigger
+    bool mAfTrigger = false;
+
+    uint32_t mBlobBufferSize = 0;
+
+    static HandleImporter sHandleImporter;
+
+    bool mSupportBufMgr;
+    std::shared_ptr<BufferRequestThread> mBufferRequestThread;
+
+    /* Beginning of members not changed after initialize() */
+    using RequestMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+    std::unique_ptr<RequestMetadataQueue> mRequestMetadataQueue;
+    using ResultMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+    std::shared_ptr<ResultMetadataQueue> mResultMetadataQueue;
+
+    // Protect against invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback()
+    Mutex mProcessCaptureResultLock;
+
+    // tracks last seen stream config counter
+    int32_t mLastStreamConfigCounter = -1;
+
+    std::unordered_map<RequestTemplate, CameraMetadata> mDefaultRequests;
+
+    const Size mMaxThumbResolution;
+    const Size mMaxJpegResolution;
+
+    std::string mExifMake;
+    std::string mExifModel;
+    /* End of members not changed after initialize() */
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERADEVICESESSION_H_
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c7f732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ExtCamOfflnSsn"
+#include <android/log.h>
+
+#include "ExternalCameraOfflineSession.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ErrorMsg.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ShutterMsg.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/StreamBuffer.h>
+#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <convert.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <utils/Trace.h>
+
+#define HAVE_JPEG  // required for libyuv.h to export MJPEG decode APIs
+#include <libyuv.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+// Size of request/result metadata fast message queue. Change to 0 to always use hwbinder buffer.
+constexpr size_t kMetadataMsgQueueSize = 1 << 18 /* 256kB */;
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ShutterMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::StreamBuffer;
+
+// Static instance
+HandleImporter ExternalCameraOfflineSession::sHandleImporter;
+
+ExternalCameraOfflineSession::ExternalCameraOfflineSession(
+        const CroppingType& croppingType, const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars,
+        const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& exifMake, const std::string& exifModel,
+        uint32_t blobBufferSize, bool afTrigger, const std::vector<Stream>& offlineStreams,
+        std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>>& offlineReqs,
+        const std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers>& circulatingBuffers)
+    : mCroppingType(croppingType),
+      mChars(chars),
+      mCameraId(cameraId),
+      mExifMake(exifMake),
+      mExifModel(exifModel),
+      mBlobBufferSize(blobBufferSize),
+      mAfTrigger(afTrigger),
+      mOfflineStreams(offlineStreams),
+      mOfflineReqs(offlineReqs),
+      mCirculatingBuffers(circulatingBuffers) {}
+
+ExternalCameraOfflineSession::~ExternalCameraOfflineSession() {
+    close();
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraOfflineSession::initialize() {
+    mResultMetadataQueue =
+            std::make_shared<ResultMetadataQueue>(kMetadataMsgQueueSize, false /* non blocking */);
+    if (!mResultMetadataQueue->isValid()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: invalid result fmq", __FUNCTION__);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraOfflineSession::importBuffer(int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId,
+                                                  buffer_handle_t buf,
+                                                  buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mCbsLock);
+    return importBufferImpl(mCirculatingBuffers, sHandleImporter, streamId, bufId, buf, outBufPtr);
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraOfflineSession::processCaptureResult(std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& req) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+    // Fill output buffers
+    std::vector<CaptureResult> results;
+    results.resize(1);
+    CaptureResult& result = results[0];
+    result.frameNumber = req->frameNumber;
+    result.partialResult = 1;
+    result.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+    result.outputBuffers.resize(req->buffers.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < req->buffers.size(); i++) {
+        StreamBuffer& outputBuffer = result.outputBuffers[i];
+        outputBuffer.streamId = req->buffers[i].streamId;
+        outputBuffer.bufferId = req->buffers[i].bufferId;
+        if (req->buffers[i].fenceTimeout) {
+            outputBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+            if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
+                native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+                result.outputBuffers[i].releaseFence = android::makeToAidl(handle);
+            }
+            notifyError(req->frameNumber, req->buffers[i].streamId, ErrorCode::ERROR_BUFFER);
+        } else {
+            result.outputBuffers[i].status = BufferStatus::OK;
+            // TODO: refactor
+            if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
+                native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+                handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+                outputBuffer.releaseFence = android::makeToAidl(handle);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fill capture result metadata
+    fillCaptureResult(req->setting, req->shutterTs);
+    const camera_metadata_t* rawResult = req->setting.getAndLock();
+    convertToAidl(rawResult, &result.result);
+    req->setting.unlock(rawResult);
+
+    // Callback into framework
+    invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(results, /* tryWriteFmq */ true);
+    freeReleaseFences(results);
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+#define UPDATE(md, tag, data, size)               \
+    do {                                          \
+        if ((md).update((tag), (data), (size))) { \
+            ALOGE("Update " #tag " failed!");     \
+            return BAD_VALUE;                     \
+        }                                         \
+    } while (0)
+
+status_t ExternalCameraOfflineSession::fillCaptureResult(common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata md,
+                                                         nsecs_t timestamp) {
+    bool afTrigger = false;
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mAfTriggerLock);
+        afTrigger = mAfTrigger;
+        if (md.exists(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER)) {
+            camera_metadata_entry entry = md.find(ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER);
+            if (entry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_START) {
+                mAfTrigger = afTrigger = true;
+            } else if (entry.data.u8[0] == ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_CANCEL) {
+                mAfTrigger = afTrigger = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For USB camera, the USB camera handles everything and we don't have control
+    // over AF. We only simply fake the AF metadata based on the request
+    // received here.
+    uint8_t afState;
+    if (afTrigger) {
+        afState = ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE_FOCUSED_LOCKED;
+    } else {
+        afState = ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE_INACTIVE;
+    }
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AF_STATE, &afState, 1);
+
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry activeArraySize = mChars.find(ANDROID_SENSOR_INFO_ACTIVE_ARRAY_SIZE);
+
+    return fillCaptureResultCommon(md, timestamp, activeArraySize);
+}
+void ExternalCameraOfflineSession::invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(
+        std::vector<CaptureResult>& results, bool tryWriteFmq) {
+    if (mProcessCaptureResultLock.tryLock() != OK) {
+        const nsecs_t NS_TO_SECOND = 1E9;
+        ALOGV("%s: previous call is not finished! waiting 1s...", __FUNCTION__);
+        if (mProcessCaptureResultLock.timedLock(/* 1s */ NS_TO_SECOND) != OK) {
+            ALOGE("%s: cannot acquire lock in 1s, cannot proceed", __FUNCTION__);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    if (tryWriteFmq && mResultMetadataQueue->availableToWrite() > 0) {
+        for (CaptureResult& result : results) {
+            if (!result.result.metadata.empty()) {
+                if (mResultMetadataQueue->write(
+                            reinterpret_cast<int8_t*>(result.result.metadata.data()),
+                            result.result.metadata.size())) {
+                    result.fmqResultSize = result.result.metadata.size();
+                    result.result.metadata.clear();
+                } else {
+                    ALOGW("%s: couldn't utilize fmq, fall back to hwbinder", __FUNCTION__);
+                    result.fmqResultSize = 0;
+                }
+            } else {
+                result.fmqResultSize = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    auto status = mCallback->processCaptureResult(results);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: processCaptureResult ERROR : %d:%d", __FUNCTION__, status.getExceptionCode(),
+              status.getServiceSpecificError());
+    }
+
+    mProcessCaptureResultLock.unlock();
+}
+
+Status ExternalCameraOfflineSession::processCaptureRequestError(
+        const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& req, std::vector<NotifyMsg>* outMsgs,
+        std::vector<CaptureResult>* outResults) {
+    ATRACE_CALL();
+
+    if (outMsgs == nullptr) {
+        notifyError(/*frameNum*/ req->frameNumber, /*stream*/ -1, ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST);
+    } else {
+        NotifyMsg shutter;
+        shutter.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::shutter>(ShutterMsg{
+                .frameNumber = req->frameNumber,
+                .timestamp = req->shutterTs,
+        });
+
+        NotifyMsg error;
+        error.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(ErrorMsg{.frameNumber = req->frameNumber,
+                                                  .errorStreamId = -1,
+                                                  .errorCode = ErrorCode::ERROR_REQUEST});
+        outMsgs->push_back(shutter);
+        outMsgs->push_back(error);
+    }
+
+    // Fill output buffers
+    CaptureResult result;
+    result.frameNumber = req->frameNumber;
+    result.partialResult = 1;
+    result.inputBuffer.streamId = -1;
+    result.outputBuffers.resize(req->buffers.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < req->buffers.size(); i++) {
+        StreamBuffer& outputBuffer = result.outputBuffers[i];
+        outputBuffer.streamId = req->buffers[i].streamId;
+        outputBuffer.bufferId = req->buffers[i].bufferId;
+        outputBuffer.status = BufferStatus::ERROR;
+        if (req->buffers[i].acquireFence >= 0) {
+            native_handle_t* handle = native_handle_create(/*numFds*/ 1, /*numInts*/ 0);
+            handle->data[0] = req->buffers[i].acquireFence;
+            outputBuffer.releaseFence = makeToAidl(handle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (outResults == nullptr) {
+        // Callback into framework
+        std::vector<CaptureResult> results(1);
+        results[0] = std::move(result);
+        invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(results, /* tryWriteFmq */ true);
+        freeReleaseFences(results);
+    } else {
+        outResults->push_back(std::move(result));
+    }
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+ssize_t ExternalCameraOfflineSession::getJpegBufferSize(int32_t, int32_t) const {
+    // Empty implementation here as the jpeg buffer size is passed in by ctor
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraOfflineSession::notifyError(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId,
+                                               ErrorCode ec) {
+    NotifyMsg msg;
+    msg.set<NotifyMsg::Tag::error>(
+            ErrorMsg{.frameNumber = frameNumber, .errorStreamId = streamId, .errorCode = ec});
+    mCallback->notify({msg});
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraOfflineSession::setCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_cb) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    if (mCallback != nullptr && in_cb != nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: callback must not be set twice!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+    }
+    mCallback = in_cb;
+
+    initOutputThread();
+
+    if (mOutputThread == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: init OutputThread failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+void ExternalCameraOfflineSession::initOutputThread() {
+    if (mOutputThread != nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: OutputThread already exist!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Grab a shared_ptr to 'this' from ndk::SharedRefBase::ref()
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraOfflineSession> thiz = ref<ExternalCameraOfflineSession>();
+
+    mBufferRequestThread = std::make_shared<ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread>(
+            /*parent=*/thiz, mCallback);
+    mBufferRequestThread->run();
+
+    mOutputThread = std::make_shared<OutputThread>(/*parent=*/thiz, mCroppingType, mChars,
+                                                   mBufferRequestThread, mOfflineReqs);
+
+    mOutputThread->setExifMakeModel(mExifMake, mExifModel);
+
+    Size inputSize = {mOfflineReqs[0]->frameIn->mWidth, mOfflineReqs[0]->frameIn->mHeight};
+    Size maxThumbSize = getMaxThumbnailResolution(mChars);
+    mOutputThread->allocateIntermediateBuffers(inputSize, maxThumbSize, mOfflineStreams,
+                                               mBlobBufferSize);
+
+    mOutputThread->run();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraOfflineSession::getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+        MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    *_aidl_return = mResultMetadataQueue->dupeDesc();
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraOfflineSession::close() {
+    Mutex::Autolock _il(mInterfaceLock);
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        if (mClosed) {
+            ALOGW("%s: offline session already closed!", __FUNCTION__);
+            return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+        }
+    }
+    if (mBufferRequestThread != nullptr) {
+        mBufferRequestThread->requestExitAndWait();
+        mBufferRequestThread.reset();
+    }
+    if (mOutputThread) {
+        mOutputThread->flush();
+        mOutputThread->requestExitAndWait();
+        mOutputThread.reset();
+    }
+
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    // free all buffers
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _cbl(mCbsLock);
+        for (auto& stream : mOfflineStreams) {
+            cleanupBuffersLocked(stream.id);
+        }
+    }
+    mCallback.reset();
+    mClosed = true;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+void ExternalCameraOfflineSession::cleanupBuffersLocked(int32_t id) {
+    for (auto& pair : mCirculatingBuffers.at(id)) {
+        sHandleImporter.freeBuffer(pair.second);
+    }
+    mCirculatingBuffers[id].clear();
+    mCirculatingBuffers.erase(id);
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraOfflineSession::OutputThread::threadLoop() {
+    auto parent = mParent.lock();
+    if (parent == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: session has been disconnected!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (mOfflineReqs.empty()) {
+        ALOGI("%s: all offline requests are processed. Stopping.", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<HalRequest> req = mOfflineReqs.front();
+    mOfflineReqs.pop_front();
+
+    auto onDeviceError = [&](auto... args) {
+        ALOGE(args...);
+        parent->notifyError(req->frameNumber, /*stream*/ -1, ErrorCode::ERROR_DEVICE);
+        signalRequestDone();
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    if (req->frameIn->mFourcc != V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG && req->frameIn->mFourcc != V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16) {
+        return onDeviceError("%s: do not support V4L2 format %c%c%c%c", __FUNCTION__,
+                             req->frameIn->mFourcc & 0xFF, (req->frameIn->mFourcc >> 8) & 0xFF,
+                             (req->frameIn->mFourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                             (req->frameIn->mFourcc >> 24) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    int res = requestBufferStart(req->buffers);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: send BufferRequest failed! res %d", __FUNCTION__, res);
+        return onDeviceError("%s: failed to send buffer request!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mBufferLock);
+    // Convert input V4L2 frame to YU12 of the same size
+    // TODO: see if we can save some computation by converting to YV12 here
+    uint8_t* inData;
+    size_t inDataSize;
+    if (req->frameIn->getData(&inData, &inDataSize) != 0) {
+        lk.unlock();
+        return onDeviceError("%s: V4L2 buffer map failed", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    // TODO: in some special case maybe we can decode jpg directly to gralloc output?
+    if (req->frameIn->mFourcc == V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG) {
+        ATRACE_BEGIN("MJPGtoI420");
+        int convRes = libyuv::MJPGToI420(
+                inData, inDataSize, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.y),
+                mYu12FrameLayout.yStride, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.cb),
+                mYu12FrameLayout.cStride, static_cast<uint8_t*>(mYu12FrameLayout.cr),
+                mYu12FrameLayout.cStride, mYu12Frame->mWidth, mYu12Frame->mHeight,
+                mYu12Frame->mWidth, mYu12Frame->mHeight);
+        ATRACE_END();
+
+        if (convRes != 0) {
+            // For some webcam, the first few V4L2 frames might be malformed...
+            ALOGE("%s: Convert V4L2 frame to YU12 failed! res %d", __FUNCTION__, convRes);
+            lk.unlock();
+            Status st = parent->processCaptureRequestError(req);
+            if (st != Status::OK) {
+                return onDeviceError("%s: failed to process capture request error!", __FUNCTION__);
+            }
+            signalRequestDone();
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ATRACE_BEGIN("Wait for BufferRequest done");
+    res = waitForBufferRequestDone(&req->buffers);
+    ATRACE_END();
+
+    if (res != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: wait for BufferRequest done failed! res %d", __FUNCTION__, res);
+        lk.unlock();
+        return onDeviceError("%s: failed to process buffer request error!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("%s processing new request", __FUNCTION__);
+    const int kSyncWaitTimeoutMs = 500;
+    for (auto& halBuf : req->buffers) {
+        if (*(halBuf.bufPtr) == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("%s: buffer for stream %d missing", __FUNCTION__, halBuf.streamId);
+            halBuf.fenceTimeout = true;
+        } else if (halBuf.acquireFence >= 0) {
+            int ret = sync_wait(halBuf.acquireFence, kSyncWaitTimeoutMs);
+            if (ret) {
+                halBuf.fenceTimeout = true;
+            } else {
+                ::close(halBuf.acquireFence);
+                halBuf.acquireFence = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (halBuf.fenceTimeout) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Gralloc lockYCbCr the buffer
+        switch (halBuf.format) {
+            case PixelFormat::BLOB: {
+                int ret = createJpegLocked(halBuf, req->setting);
+
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    return onDeviceError("%s: createJpegLocked failed with %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+                }
+            } break;
+            case PixelFormat::Y16: {
+                void* outLayout = sHandleImporter.lock(
+                        *(halBuf.bufPtr), static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.usage), inDataSize);
+
+                std::memcpy(outLayout, inData, inDataSize);
+
+                int relFence = sHandleImporter.unlock(*(halBuf.bufPtr));
+                if (relFence >= 0) {
+                    halBuf.acquireFence = relFence;
+                }
+            } break;
+            case PixelFormat::YCBCR_420_888:
+            case PixelFormat::YV12: {
+                IMapper::Rect outRect{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(halBuf.width),
+                                      static_cast<int32_t>(halBuf.height)};
+                YCbCrLayout outLayout = sHandleImporter.lockYCbCr(
+                        *(halBuf.bufPtr), static_cast<uint64_t>(halBuf.usage), outRect);
+                ALOGV("%s: outLayout y %p cb %p cr %p y_str %d c_str %d c_step %d", __FUNCTION__,
+                      outLayout.y, outLayout.cb, outLayout.cr, outLayout.yStride, outLayout.cStride,
+                      outLayout.chromaStep);
+
+                // Convert to output buffer size/format
+                uint32_t outputFourcc = getFourCcFromLayout(outLayout);
+                ALOGV("%s: converting to format %c%c%c%c", __FUNCTION__, outputFourcc & 0xFF,
+                      (outputFourcc >> 8) & 0xFF, (outputFourcc >> 16) & 0xFF,
+                      (outputFourcc >> 24) & 0xFF);
+
+                YCbCrLayout cropAndScaled;
+                ATRACE_BEGIN("cropAndScaleLocked");
+                int ret = cropAndScaleLocked(mYu12Frame, Size{halBuf.width, halBuf.height},
+                                             &cropAndScaled);
+                ATRACE_END();
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    return onDeviceError("%s: crop and scale failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+                }
+
+                Size sz{halBuf.width, halBuf.height};
+                ATRACE_BEGIN("formatConvert");
+                ret = formatConvert(cropAndScaled, outLayout, sz, outputFourcc);
+                ATRACE_END();
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    lk.unlock();
+                    return onDeviceError("%s: format coversion failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+                }
+                int relFence = sHandleImporter.unlock(*(halBuf.bufPtr));
+                if (relFence >= 0) {
+                    halBuf.acquireFence = relFence;
+                }
+            } break;
+            default:
+                lk.unlock();
+                return onDeviceError("%s: unknown output format %x", __FUNCTION__, halBuf.format);
+        }
+    }  // for each buffer
+    mScaledYu12Frames.clear();
+
+    // Don't hold the lock while calling back to parent
+    lk.unlock();
+    Status st = parent->processCaptureResult(req);
+    if (st != Status::OK) {
+        return onDeviceError("%s: failed to process capture result!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+    signalRequestDone();
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.h b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5795c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraOfflineSession.h
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAOFFLINESESSION_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAOFFLINESESSION_H_
+
+#include <ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h>
+#include <ExternalCameraUtils.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BnCameraOfflineSession.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h>
+#include <fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h>
+#include <utils/RefBase.h>
+#include <deque>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BnCameraOfflineSession;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDeviceCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::MQDescriptor;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite;
+
+class ExternalCameraOfflineSession : public BnCameraOfflineSession,
+                                     public virtual RefBase,
+                                     public virtual OutputThreadInterface {
+  public:
+    ExternalCameraOfflineSession(const CroppingType& croppingType,
+                                 const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars,
+                                 const std::string& cameraId, const std::string& exifMake,
+                                 const std::string& exifModel, uint32_t blobBufferSize,
+                                 bool afTrigger, const std::vector<Stream>& offlineStreams,
+                                 std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>>& offlineReqs,
+                                 const std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers>& circulatingBuffers);
+
+    ~ExternalCameraOfflineSession() override;
+
+    bool initialize();
+
+    // Methods from OutputThreadInterface
+    Status importBuffer(int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId, buffer_handle_t buf,
+                        /*out*/ buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) override;
+
+    Status processCaptureResult(std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>&) override;
+
+    Status processCaptureRequestError(const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>&,
+                                      /*out*/ std::vector<NotifyMsg>* msgs,
+                                      /*out*/ std::vector<CaptureResult>* results) override;
+
+    ssize_t getJpegBufferSize(int32_t width, int32_t height) const override;
+
+    void notifyError(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId, ErrorCode ec) override;
+    // End of OutputThreadInterface methods
+
+    ScopedAStatus setCallback(const std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback>& in_cb) override;
+    ScopedAStatus getCaptureResultMetadataQueue(
+            MQDescriptor<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ScopedAStatus close() override;
+
+  private:
+    class OutputThread : public ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread {
+      public:
+        OutputThread(std::weak_ptr<OutputThreadInterface> parent, CroppingType ct,
+                     const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars,
+                     std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread> bufReqThread,
+                     std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>>& offlineReqs)
+            : ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread(std::move(parent), ct, chars,
+                                                        std::move(bufReqThread)),
+              mOfflineReqs(offlineReqs) {}
+
+        bool threadLoop() override;
+
+      protected:
+        std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> mOfflineReqs;
+    };  // OutputThread
+
+    status_t fillCaptureResult(common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata md, nsecs_t timestamp);
+    void invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback(std::vector<CaptureResult>& results, bool tryWriteFmq);
+    void initOutputThread();
+    void cleanupBuffersLocked(int32_t id);
+
+    // Protect (most of) HIDL interface methods from synchronized-entering
+    mutable Mutex mInterfaceLock;
+
+    mutable Mutex mLock;  // Protect all data members except otherwise noted
+
+    bool mClosed = false;
+    const CroppingType mCroppingType;
+    const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata mChars;
+    const std::string mCameraId;
+    const std::string mExifMake;
+    const std::string mExifModel;
+    const uint32_t mBlobBufferSize;
+
+    std::mutex mAfTriggerLock;  // protect mAfTrigger
+    bool mAfTrigger;
+
+    const std::vector<Stream> mOfflineStreams;
+    std::deque<std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>> mOfflineReqs;
+
+    // Protect mCirculatingBuffers, must not lock mLock after acquiring this lock
+    mutable Mutex mCbsLock;
+    std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers> mCirculatingBuffers;
+
+    static HandleImporter sHandleImporter;
+
+    using ResultMetadataQueue = AidlMessageQueue<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite>;
+    std::shared_ptr<ResultMetadataQueue> mResultMetadataQueue;
+
+    // Protect against invokeProcessCaptureResultCallback()
+    Mutex mProcessCaptureResultLock;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraDeviceCallback> mCallback;
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDeviceSession::BufferRequestThread> mBufferRequestThread;
+    std::shared_ptr<OutputThread> mOutputThread;
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAOFFLINESESSION_H_
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfb95f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,860 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ExtCamUtils"
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#include "ExternalCameraUtils.h"
+
+#include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <jpeglib.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <cmath>
+
+#define HAVE_JPEG  // required for libyuv.h to export MJPEG decode APIs
+#include <libyuv.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+
+namespace external {
+namespace common {
+
+namespace {
+const int kDefaultCameraIdOffset = 100;
+const int kDefaultJpegBufSize = 5 << 20;  // 5MB
+const int kDefaultNumVideoBuffer = 4;
+const int kDefaultNumStillBuffer = 2;
+const int kDefaultOrientation = 0;  // suitable for natural landscape displays like tablet/TV
+                                    // For phone devices 270 is better
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+const char* ExternalCameraConfig::kDefaultCfgPath = "/vendor/etc/external_camera_config.xml";
+
+ExternalCameraConfig ExternalCameraConfig::loadFromCfg(const char* cfgPath) {
+    using namespace tinyxml2;
+    ExternalCameraConfig ret;
+
+    XMLDocument configXml;
+    XMLError err = configXml.LoadFile(cfgPath);
+    if (err != XML_SUCCESS) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to load external camera config file '%s'. Error: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+              cfgPath, XMLDocument::ErrorIDToName(err));
+        return ret;
+    } else {
+        ALOGI("%s: load external camera config succeeded!", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* extCam = configXml.FirstChildElement("ExternalCamera");
+    if (extCam == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no external camera config specified", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* providerCfg = extCam->FirstChildElement("Provider");
+    if (providerCfg == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no external camera provider config specified", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* cameraIdOffset = providerCfg->FirstChildElement("CameraIdOffset");
+    if (cameraIdOffset != nullptr) {
+        ret.cameraIdOffset = std::atoi(cameraIdOffset->GetText());
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* ignore = providerCfg->FirstChildElement("ignore");
+    if (ignore == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no internal ignored device specified", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* id = ignore->FirstChildElement("id");
+    while (id != nullptr) {
+        const char* text = id->GetText();
+        if (text != nullptr) {
+            ret.mInternalDevices.insert(text);
+            ALOGI("%s: device %s will be ignored by external camera provider", __FUNCTION__, text);
+        }
+        id = id->NextSiblingElement("id");
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* deviceCfg = extCam->FirstChildElement("Device");
+    if (deviceCfg == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no external camera device config specified", __FUNCTION__);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* jpegBufSz = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("MaxJpegBufferSize");
+    if (jpegBufSz == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no max jpeg buffer size specified", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        ret.maxJpegBufSize = jpegBufSz->UnsignedAttribute("bytes", /*Default*/ kDefaultJpegBufSize);
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* numVideoBuf = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("NumVideoBuffers");
+    if (numVideoBuf == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no num video buffers specified", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        ret.numVideoBuffers =
+                numVideoBuf->UnsignedAttribute("count", /*Default*/ kDefaultNumVideoBuffer);
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* numStillBuf = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("NumStillBuffers");
+    if (numStillBuf == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no num still buffers specified", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        ret.numStillBuffers =
+                numStillBuf->UnsignedAttribute("count", /*Default*/ kDefaultNumStillBuffer);
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* fpsList = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("FpsList");
+    if (fpsList == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no fps list specified", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        if (!updateFpsList(fpsList, ret.fpsLimits)) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* depth = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("Depth16Supported");
+    if (depth == nullptr) {
+        ret.depthEnabled = false;
+        ALOGI("%s: depth output is not enabled", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        ret.depthEnabled = depth->BoolAttribute("enabled", false);
+    }
+
+    if (ret.depthEnabled) {
+        XMLElement* depthFpsList = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("DepthFpsList");
+        if (depthFpsList == nullptr) {
+            ALOGW("%s: no depth fps list specified", __FUNCTION__);
+        } else {
+            if (!updateFpsList(depthFpsList, ret.depthFpsLimits)) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* minStreamSize = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("MinimumStreamSize");
+    if (minStreamSize == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no minimum stream size specified", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        ret.minStreamSize = {
+                static_cast<int32_t>(minStreamSize->UnsignedAttribute("width", /*Default*/ 0)),
+                static_cast<int32_t>(minStreamSize->UnsignedAttribute("height", /*Default*/ 0))};
+    }
+
+    XMLElement* orientation = deviceCfg->FirstChildElement("Orientation");
+    if (orientation == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: no sensor orientation specified", __FUNCTION__);
+    } else {
+        ret.orientation = orientation->IntAttribute("degree", /*Default*/ kDefaultOrientation);
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("%s: external camera cfg loaded: maxJpgBufSize %d,"
+          " num video buffers %d, num still buffers %d, orientation %d",
+          __FUNCTION__, ret.maxJpegBufSize, ret.numVideoBuffers, ret.numStillBuffers,
+          ret.orientation);
+    for (const auto& limit : ret.fpsLimits) {
+        ALOGI("%s: fpsLimitList: %dx%d@%f", __FUNCTION__, limit.size.width, limit.size.height,
+              limit.fpsUpperBound);
+    }
+    for (const auto& limit : ret.depthFpsLimits) {
+        ALOGI("%s: depthFpsLimitList: %dx%d@%f", __FUNCTION__, limit.size.width, limit.size.height,
+              limit.fpsUpperBound);
+    }
+    ALOGI("%s: minStreamSize: %dx%d", __FUNCTION__, ret.minStreamSize.width,
+          ret.minStreamSize.height);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraConfig::updateFpsList(tinyxml2::XMLElement* fpsList,
+                                         std::vector<FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits) {
+    using namespace tinyxml2;
+    std::vector<FpsLimitation> limits;
+    XMLElement* row = fpsList->FirstChildElement("Limit");
+    while (row != nullptr) {
+        FpsLimitation prevLimit{{0, 0}, 1000.0};
+        FpsLimitation limit = {
+                {/* width */ static_cast<int32_t>(row->UnsignedAttribute("width", /*Default*/ 0)),
+                 /* height */ static_cast<int32_t>(
+                         row->UnsignedAttribute("height", /*Default*/ 0))},
+                /* fpsUpperBound */ row->DoubleAttribute("fpsBound", /*Default*/ 1000.0)};
+        if (limit.size.width <= prevLimit.size.width ||
+            limit.size.height <= prevLimit.size.height ||
+            limit.fpsUpperBound >= prevLimit.fpsUpperBound) {
+            ALOGE("%s: FPS limit list must have increasing size and decreasing fps!"
+                  " Prev %dx%d@%f, Current %dx%d@%f",
+                  __FUNCTION__, prevLimit.size.width, prevLimit.size.height,
+                  prevLimit.fpsUpperBound, limit.size.width, limit.size.height,
+                  limit.fpsUpperBound);
+            return false;
+        }
+        limits.push_back(limit);
+        row = row->NextSiblingElement("Limit");
+    }
+    fpsLimits = limits;
+    return true;
+}
+
+ExternalCameraConfig::ExternalCameraConfig()
+    : cameraIdOffset(kDefaultCameraIdOffset),
+      maxJpegBufSize(kDefaultJpegBufSize),
+      numVideoBuffers(kDefaultNumVideoBuffer),
+      numStillBuffers(kDefaultNumStillBuffer),
+      depthEnabled(false),
+      orientation(kDefaultOrientation) {
+    fpsLimits.push_back({/* size */ {/* width */ 640, /* height */ 480}, /* fpsUpperBound */ 30.0});
+    fpsLimits.push_back({/* size */ {/* width */ 1280, /* height */ 720}, /* fpsUpperBound */ 7.5});
+    fpsLimits.push_back(
+            {/* size */ {/* width */ 1920, /* height */ 1080}, /* fpsUpperBound */ 5.0});
+    minStreamSize = {0, 0};
+}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace external
+
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+double SupportedV4L2Format::FrameRate::getFramesPerSecond() const {
+    return static_cast<double>(durationDenominator) / durationNumerator;
+}
+
+Frame::Frame(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t fourcc)
+    : mWidth(width), mHeight(height), mFourcc(fourcc) {}
+Frame::~Frame() {}
+
+V4L2Frame::V4L2Frame(uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t fourcc, int bufIdx, int fd, uint32_t dataSize,
+                     uint64_t offset)
+    : Frame(w, h, fourcc), mBufferIndex(bufIdx), mFd(fd), mDataSize(dataSize), mOffset(offset) {}
+
+V4L2Frame::~V4L2Frame() {
+    unmap();
+}
+
+int V4L2Frame::getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) {
+    return map(outData, dataSize);
+}
+
+int V4L2Frame::map(uint8_t** data, size_t* dataSize) {
+    if (data == nullptr || dataSize == nullptr) {
+        ALOGI("%s: V4L2 buffer map bad argument: data %p, dataSize %p", __FUNCTION__, data,
+              dataSize);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    if (!mMapped) {
+        void* addr = mmap(nullptr, mDataSize, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, mFd, mOffset);
+        if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {
+            ALOGE("%s: V4L2 buffer map failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        mData = static_cast<uint8_t*>(addr);
+        mMapped = true;
+    }
+    *data = mData;
+    *dataSize = mDataSize;
+    ALOGV("%s: V4L map FD %d, data %p size %zu", __FUNCTION__, mFd, mData, mDataSize);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int V4L2Frame::unmap() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    if (mMapped) {
+        ALOGV("%s: V4L unmap data %p size %zu", __FUNCTION__, mData, mDataSize);
+        if (munmap(mData, mDataSize) != 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: V4L2 buffer unmap failed: %s", __FUNCTION__, strerror(errno));
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        mMapped = false;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+AllocatedFrame::AllocatedFrame(uint32_t w, uint32_t h) : Frame(w, h, V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420) {}
+AllocatedFrame::~AllocatedFrame() {}
+
+int AllocatedFrame::getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) {
+    YCbCrLayout layout;
+    int ret = allocate(&layout);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+    *outData = mData.data();
+    *dataSize = mBufferSize;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int AllocatedFrame::allocate(YCbCrLayout* out) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    if ((mWidth % 2) || (mHeight % 2)) {
+        ALOGE("%s: bad dimension %dx%d (not multiple of 2)", __FUNCTION__, mWidth, mHeight);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    // This frame might be sent to jpeglib to be encoded. Since AllocatedFrame only contains YUV420,
+    // jpeglib expects height and width of Y component to be an integral multiple of 2*DCTSIZE,
+    // and heights and widths of Cb and Cr components to be an integral multiple of DCTSIZE. If the
+    // image size does not meet this requirement, libjpeg expects its input to be padded to meet the
+    // constraints. This padding is removed from the final encoded image so the content in the
+    // padding doesn't matter. What matters is that the memory is accessible to jpeglib at the time
+    // of encoding.
+    // For example, if the image size is 1500x844 and DCTSIZE is 8, jpeglib expects a YUV 420
+    // frame with components of following sizes:
+    //   Y:      1504x848 because 1504 and 848 are the next smallest multiples of 2*8
+    //   Cb/Cr:  752x424 which are the next smallest multiples of 8
+
+    // jpeglib takes an array of row pointers which makes vertical padding trivial when setting up
+    // the pointers. Padding horizontally is a bit more complicated. AllocatedFrame holds the data
+    // in a flattened buffer, which means memory accesses past a row will flow into the next logical
+    // row. For any row of a component, we can consider the first few bytes of the next row as
+    // padding for the current one. This is true for Y and Cb components and all but last row of the
+    // Cr component. Reading past the last row of Cr component will lead to undefined behavior as
+    // libjpeg attempts to read memory past the allocated buffer. To prevent undefined behavior,
+    // the buffer allocated here is padded such that libjpeg never accesses unallocated memory when
+    // reading the last row. Effectively, we only need to ensure that the last row of Cr component
+    // has width that is an integral multiple of DCTSIZE.
+
+    size_t dataSize = mWidth * mHeight * 3 / 2;  // YUV420
+
+    size_t cbWidth = mWidth / 2;
+    size_t requiredCbWidth = DCTSIZE * ((cbWidth + DCTSIZE - 1) / DCTSIZE);
+    size_t padding = requiredCbWidth - cbWidth;
+    size_t finalSize = dataSize + padding;
+
+    if (mData.size() != finalSize) {
+        mData.resize(finalSize);
+        mBufferSize = dataSize;
+    }
+
+    if (out != nullptr) {
+        out->y = mData.data();
+        out->yStride = mWidth;
+        uint8_t* cbStart = mData.data() + mWidth * mHeight;
+        uint8_t* crStart = cbStart + mWidth * mHeight / 4;
+        out->cb = cbStart;
+        out->cr = crStart;
+        out->cStride = mWidth / 2;
+        out->chromaStep = 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int AllocatedFrame::getLayout(YCbCrLayout* out) {
+    IMapper::Rect noCrop = {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(mWidth), static_cast<int32_t>(mHeight)};
+    return getCroppedLayout(noCrop, out);
+}
+
+int AllocatedFrame::getCroppedLayout(const IMapper::Rect& rect, YCbCrLayout* out) {
+    if (out == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: null out", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mLock);
+    if ((rect.left + rect.width) > static_cast<int>(mWidth) ||
+        (rect.top + rect.height) > static_cast<int>(mHeight) || (rect.left % 2) || (rect.top % 2) ||
+        (rect.width % 2) || (rect.height % 2)) {
+        ALOGE("%s: bad rect left %d top %d w %d h %d", __FUNCTION__, rect.left, rect.top,
+              rect.width, rect.height);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    out->y = mData.data() + mWidth * rect.top + rect.left;
+    out->yStride = mWidth;
+    uint8_t* cbStart = mData.data() + mWidth * mHeight;
+    uint8_t* crStart = cbStart + mWidth * mHeight / 4;
+    out->cb = cbStart + mWidth * rect.top / 4 + rect.left / 2;
+    out->cr = crStart + mWidth * rect.top / 4 + rect.left / 2;
+    out->cStride = mWidth / 2;
+    out->chromaStep = 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool isAspectRatioClose(float ar1, float ar2) {
+    constexpr float kAspectRatioMatchThres = 0.025f;  // This threshold is good enough to
+                                                      // distinguish 4:3/16:9/20:9 1.33/1.78/2
+    return std::abs(ar1 - ar2) < kAspectRatioMatchThres;
+}
+
+aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status importBufferImpl(
+        /*inout*/ std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers>& circulatingBuffers,
+        /*inout*/ HandleImporter& handleImporter, int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId,
+        buffer_handle_t buf,
+        /*out*/ buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) {
+    using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+    if (buf == nullptr && bufId == BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER) {
+        ALOGE("%s: bufferId %" PRIu64 " has null buffer handle!", __FUNCTION__, bufId);
+        return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    CirculatingBuffers& cbs = circulatingBuffers[streamId];
+    if (cbs.count(bufId) == 0) {
+        if (buf == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s: bufferId %" PRIu64 " has null buffer handle!", __FUNCTION__, bufId);
+            return Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT;
+        }
+        // Register a newly seen buffer
+        buffer_handle_t importedBuf = buf;
+        handleImporter.importBuffer(importedBuf);
+        if (importedBuf == nullptr) {
+            ALOGE("%s: output buffer for stream %d is invalid!", __FUNCTION__, streamId);
+            return Status::INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        } else {
+            cbs[bufId] = importedBuf;
+        }
+    }
+    *outBufPtr = &cbs[bufId];
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+uint32_t getFourCcFromLayout(const YCbCrLayout& layout) {
+    intptr_t cb = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(layout.cb);
+    intptr_t cr = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(layout.cr);
+    if (std::abs(cb - cr) == 1 && layout.chromaStep == 2) {
+        // Interleaved format
+        if (layout.cb > layout.cr) {
+            return V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21;
+        } else {
+            return V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12;
+        }
+    } else if (layout.chromaStep == 1) {
+        // Planar format
+        if (layout.cb > layout.cr) {
+            return V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420;  // YV12
+        } else {
+            return V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420;  // YU12
+        }
+    } else {
+        return FLEX_YUV_GENERIC;
+    }
+}
+
+int getCropRect(CroppingType ct, const Size& inSize, const Size& outSize, IMapper::Rect* out) {
+    if (out == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: out is null", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t inW = inSize.width;
+    uint32_t inH = inSize.height;
+    uint32_t outW = outSize.width;
+    uint32_t outH = outSize.height;
+
+    // Handle special case where aspect ratio is close to input but scaled
+    // dimension is slightly larger than input
+    float arIn = ASPECT_RATIO(inSize);
+    float arOut = ASPECT_RATIO(outSize);
+    if (isAspectRatioClose(arIn, arOut)) {
+        out->left = 0;
+        out->top = 0;
+        out->width = static_cast<int32_t>(inW);
+        out->height = static_cast<int32_t>(inH);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (ct == VERTICAL) {
+        uint64_t scaledOutH = static_cast<uint64_t>(outH) * inW / outW;
+        if (scaledOutH > inH) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Output size %dx%d cannot be vertically cropped from input size %dx%d",
+                  __FUNCTION__, outW, outH, inW, inH);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        scaledOutH = scaledOutH & ~0x1;  // make it multiple of 2
+
+        out->left = 0;
+        out->top = static_cast<int32_t>((inH - scaledOutH) / 2) & ~0x1;
+        out->width = static_cast<int32_t>(inW);
+        out->height = static_cast<int32_t>(scaledOutH);
+        ALOGV("%s: crop %dx%d to %dx%d: top %d, scaledH %d", __FUNCTION__, inW, inH, outW, outH,
+              out->top, static_cast<int32_t>(scaledOutH));
+    } else {
+        uint64_t scaledOutW = static_cast<uint64_t>(outW) * inH / outH;
+        if (scaledOutW > inW) {
+            ALOGE("%s: Output size %dx%d cannot be horizontally cropped from input size %dx%d",
+                  __FUNCTION__, outW, outH, inW, inH);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        scaledOutW = scaledOutW & ~0x1;  // make it multiple of 2
+
+        out->left = static_cast<int32_t>((inW - scaledOutW) / 2) & ~0x1;
+        out->top = 0;
+        out->width = static_cast<int32_t>(scaledOutW);
+        out->height = static_cast<int32_t>(inH);
+        ALOGV("%s: crop %dx%d to %dx%d: top %d, scaledW %d", __FUNCTION__, inW, inH, outW, outH,
+              out->top, static_cast<int32_t>(scaledOutW));
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int formatConvert(const YCbCrLayout& in, const YCbCrLayout& out, Size sz, uint32_t format) {
+    int ret = 0;
+    switch (format) {
+        case V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21:
+            ret = libyuv::I420ToNV21(
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.y), static_cast<int32_t>(in.yStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.cb), static_cast<int32_t>(in.cStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.cr), static_cast<int32_t>(in.cStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.y), static_cast<int32_t>(out.yStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.cr), static_cast<int32_t>(out.cStride),
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(sz.width), static_cast<int32_t>(sz.height));
+            if (ret != 0) {
+                ALOGE("%s: convert to NV21 buffer failed! ret %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12:
+            ret = libyuv::I420ToNV12(
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.y), static_cast<int32_t>(in.yStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.cb), static_cast<int32_t>(in.cStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.cr), static_cast<int32_t>(in.cStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.y), static_cast<int32_t>(out.yStride),
+                    static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.cb), static_cast<int32_t>(out.cStride),
+                    static_cast<int32_t>(sz.width), static_cast<int32_t>(sz.height));
+            if (ret != 0) {
+                ALOGE("%s: convert to NV12 buffer failed! ret %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case V4L2_PIX_FMT_YVU420:  // YV12
+        case V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420:  // YU12
+            // TODO: maybe we can speed up here by somehow save this copy?
+            ret = libyuv::I420Copy(static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.y), static_cast<int32_t>(in.yStride),
+                                   static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.cb), static_cast<int32_t>(in.cStride),
+                                   static_cast<uint8_t*>(in.cr), static_cast<int32_t>(in.cStride),
+                                   static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.y), static_cast<int32_t>(out.yStride),
+                                   static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.cb), static_cast<int32_t>(out.cStride),
+                                   static_cast<uint8_t*>(out.cr), static_cast<int32_t>(out.cStride),
+                                   static_cast<int32_t>(sz.width), static_cast<int32_t>(sz.height));
+            if (ret != 0) {
+                ALOGE("%s: copy to YV12 or YU12 buffer failed! ret %d", __FUNCTION__, ret);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            break;
+        case FLEX_YUV_GENERIC:
+            // TODO: b/72261744 write to arbitrary flexible YUV layout. Slow.
+            ALOGE("%s: unsupported flexible yuv layout"
+                  " y %p cb %p cr %p y_str %d c_str %d c_step %d",
+                  __FUNCTION__, out.y, out.cb, out.cr, out.yStride, out.cStride, out.chromaStep);
+            return -1;
+        default:
+            ALOGE("%s: unknown YUV format 0x%x!", __FUNCTION__, format);
+            return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int encodeJpegYU12(const Size& inSz, const YCbCrLayout& inLayout, int jpegQuality,
+                   const void* app1Buffer, size_t app1Size, void* out, size_t maxOutSize,
+                   size_t& actualCodeSize) {
+    /* libjpeg is a C library so we use C-style "inheritance" by
+     * putting libjpeg's jpeg_destination_mgr first in our custom
+     * struct. This allows us to cast jpeg_destination_mgr* to
+     * CustomJpegDestMgr* when we get it passed to us in a callback */
+    struct CustomJpegDestMgr {
+        struct jpeg_destination_mgr mgr;
+        JOCTET* mBuffer;
+        size_t mBufferSize;
+        size_t mEncodedSize;
+        bool mSuccess;
+    } dmgr;
+
+    jpeg_compress_struct cinfo = {};
+    jpeg_error_mgr jerr;
+
+    /* Initialize error handling with standard callbacks, but
+     * then override output_message (to print to ALOG) and
+     * error_exit to set a flag and print a message instead
+     * of killing the whole process */
+    cinfo.err = jpeg_std_error(&jerr);
+
+    cinfo.err->output_message = [](j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+        char buffer[JMSG_LENGTH_MAX];
+
+        /* Create the message */
+        (*cinfo->err->format_message)(cinfo, buffer);
+        ALOGE("libjpeg error: %s", buffer);
+    };
+    cinfo.err->error_exit = [](j_common_ptr cinfo) {
+        (*cinfo->err->output_message)(cinfo);
+        if (cinfo->client_data) {
+            auto& dmgr = *reinterpret_cast<CustomJpegDestMgr*>(cinfo->client_data);
+            dmgr.mSuccess = false;
+        }
+    };
+
+    /* Now that we initialized some callbacks, let's create our compressor */
+    jpeg_create_compress(&cinfo);
+
+    /* Initialize our destination manager */
+    dmgr.mBuffer = static_cast<JOCTET*>(out);
+    dmgr.mBufferSize = maxOutSize;
+    dmgr.mEncodedSize = 0;
+    dmgr.mSuccess = true;
+    cinfo.client_data = static_cast<void*>(&dmgr);
+
+    /* These lambdas become C-style function pointers and as per C++11 spec
+     * may not capture anything */
+    dmgr.mgr.init_destination = [](j_compress_ptr cinfo) {
+        auto& dmgr = reinterpret_cast<CustomJpegDestMgr&>(*cinfo->dest);
+        dmgr.mgr.next_output_byte = dmgr.mBuffer;
+        dmgr.mgr.free_in_buffer = dmgr.mBufferSize;
+        ALOGV("%s:%d jpeg start: %p [%zu]", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, dmgr.mBuffer, dmgr.mBufferSize);
+    };
+
+    dmgr.mgr.empty_output_buffer = [](j_compress_ptr cinfo __unused) {
+        ALOGV("%s:%d Out of buffer", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
+        return 0;
+    };
+
+    dmgr.mgr.term_destination = [](j_compress_ptr cinfo) {
+        auto& dmgr = reinterpret_cast<CustomJpegDestMgr&>(*cinfo->dest);
+        dmgr.mEncodedSize = dmgr.mBufferSize - dmgr.mgr.free_in_buffer;
+        ALOGV("%s:%d Done with jpeg: %zu", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, dmgr.mEncodedSize);
+    };
+    cinfo.dest = reinterpret_cast<struct jpeg_destination_mgr*>(&dmgr);
+
+    /* We are going to be using JPEG in raw data mode, so we are passing
+     * straight subsampled planar YCbCr and it will not touch our pixel
+     * data or do any scaling or anything */
+    cinfo.image_width = inSz.width;
+    cinfo.image_height = inSz.height;
+    cinfo.input_components = 3;
+    cinfo.in_color_space = JCS_YCbCr;
+
+    /* Initialize defaults and then override what we want */
+    jpeg_set_defaults(&cinfo);
+
+    jpeg_set_quality(&cinfo, jpegQuality, 1);
+    jpeg_set_colorspace(&cinfo, JCS_YCbCr);
+    cinfo.raw_data_in = 1;
+    cinfo.dct_method = JDCT_IFAST;
+
+    /* Configure sampling factors. The sampling factor is JPEG subsampling 420
+     * because the source format is YUV420. Note that libjpeg sampling factors
+     * are... a little weird. Sampling of Y=2,U=1,V=1 means there is 1 U and
+     * 1 V value for each 2 Y values */
+    cinfo.comp_info[0].h_samp_factor = 2;
+    cinfo.comp_info[0].v_samp_factor = 2;
+    cinfo.comp_info[1].h_samp_factor = 1;
+    cinfo.comp_info[1].v_samp_factor = 1;
+    cinfo.comp_info[2].h_samp_factor = 1;
+    cinfo.comp_info[2].v_samp_factor = 1;
+
+    /* Start the compressor */
+    jpeg_start_compress(&cinfo, TRUE);
+
+    /* Let's not hardcode YUV420 in 6 places... 5 was enough */
+    int maxVSampFactor = cinfo.max_v_samp_factor;
+    int cVSubSampling = cinfo.comp_info[0].v_samp_factor / cinfo.comp_info[1].v_samp_factor;
+
+    /* Compute our macroblock height, so we can pad our input to be vertically
+     * macroblock aligned. No need to for horizontal alignment since AllocatedFrame already
+     * pads horizontally */
+
+    size_t mcuV = DCTSIZE * maxVSampFactor;
+    size_t paddedHeight = mcuV * ((inSz.height + mcuV - 1) / mcuV);
+
+    /* libjpeg uses arrays of row pointers, which makes it really easy to pad
+     * data vertically (unfortunately doesn't help horizontally) */
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> yLines(paddedHeight);
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> cbLines(paddedHeight / cVSubSampling);
+    std::vector<JSAMPROW> crLines(paddedHeight / cVSubSampling);
+
+    uint8_t* py = static_cast<uint8_t*>(inLayout.y);
+    uint8_t* pcb = static_cast<uint8_t*>(inLayout.cb);
+    uint8_t* pcr = static_cast<uint8_t*>(inLayout.cr);
+
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < paddedHeight; i++) {
+        /* Once we are in the padding territory we still point to the last line
+         * effectively replicating it several times ~ CLAMP_TO_EDGE */
+        int li = std::min(i, inSz.height - 1);
+        yLines[i] = static_cast<JSAMPROW>(py + li * inLayout.yStride);
+        if (i < paddedHeight / cVSubSampling) {
+            li = std::min(i, (inSz.height - 1) / cVSubSampling);
+            cbLines[i] = static_cast<JSAMPROW>(pcb + li * inLayout.cStride);
+            crLines[i] = static_cast<JSAMPROW>(pcr + li * inLayout.cStride);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If APP1 data was passed in, use it */
+    if (app1Buffer && app1Size) {
+        jpeg_write_marker(&cinfo, JPEG_APP0 + 1, static_cast<const JOCTET*>(app1Buffer), app1Size);
+    }
+
+    /* While we still have padded height left to go, keep giving it one
+     * macroblock at a time. */
+    while (cinfo.next_scanline < cinfo.image_height) {
+        const uint32_t batchSize = DCTSIZE * maxVSampFactor;
+        const uint32_t nl = cinfo.next_scanline;
+        JSAMPARRAY planes[3]{&yLines[nl], &cbLines[nl / cVSubSampling],
+                             &crLines[nl / cVSubSampling]};
+
+        uint32_t done = jpeg_write_raw_data(&cinfo, planes, batchSize);
+
+        if (done != batchSize) {
+            ALOGE("%s: compressed %u lines, expected %u (total %u/%u)", __FUNCTION__, done,
+                  batchSize, cinfo.next_scanline, cinfo.image_height);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* This will flush everything */
+    jpeg_finish_compress(&cinfo);
+
+    /* Grab the actual code size and set it */
+    actualCodeSize = dmgr.mEncodedSize;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+Size getMaxThumbnailResolution(const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& chars) {
+    Size thumbSize{0, 0};
+    camera_metadata_ro_entry entry = chars.find(ANDROID_JPEG_AVAILABLE_THUMBNAIL_SIZES);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < entry.count; i += 2) {
+        Size sz{.width = entry.data.i32[i], .height = entry.data.i32[i + 1]};
+        if (sz.width * sz.height > thumbSize.width * thumbSize.height) {
+            thumbSize = sz;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (thumbSize.width * thumbSize.height == 0) {
+        ALOGW("%s: non-zero thumbnail size not available", __FUNCTION__);
+    }
+
+    return thumbSize;
+}
+
+void freeReleaseFences(std::vector<CaptureResult>& results) {
+    for (auto& result : results) {
+        native_handle_t* inputReleaseFence =
+                ::android::makeFromAidl(result.inputBuffer.releaseFence);
+        if (inputReleaseFence != nullptr) {
+            native_handle_close(inputReleaseFence);
+            native_handle_delete(inputReleaseFence);
+        }
+        for (auto& buf : result.outputBuffers) {
+            native_handle_t* outReleaseFence = ::android::makeFromAidl(buf.releaseFence);
+            if (outReleaseFence != nullptr) {
+                native_handle_close(outReleaseFence);
+                native_handle_delete(outReleaseFence);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+#define UPDATE(md, tag, data, size)               \
+    do {                                          \
+        if ((md).update((tag), (data), (size))) { \
+            ALOGE("Update " #tag " failed!");     \
+            return BAD_VALUE;                     \
+        }                                         \
+    } while (0)
+
+status_t fillCaptureResultCommon(CameraMetadata& md, nsecs_t timestamp,
+                                 camera_metadata_ro_entry& activeArraySize) {
+    if (activeArraySize.count < 4) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot find active array size!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    // android.control
+    // For USB camera, we don't know the AE state. Set the state to converged to
+    // indicate the frame should be good to use. Then apps don't have to wait the
+    // AE state.
+    const uint8_t aeState = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_STATE_CONVERGED;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_STATE, &aeState, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t ae_lock = ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AE_LOCK, &ae_lock, 1);
+
+    // Set AWB state to converged to indicate the frame should be good to use.
+    const uint8_t awbState = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_STATE_CONVERGED;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_STATE, &awbState, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t awbLock = ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_CONTROL_AWB_LOCK, &awbLock, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t flashState = ANDROID_FLASH_STATE_UNAVAILABLE;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_FLASH_STATE, &flashState, 1);
+
+    // This means pipeline latency of X frame intervals. The maximum number is 4.
+    const uint8_t requestPipelineMaxDepth = 4;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_REQUEST_PIPELINE_DEPTH, &requestPipelineMaxDepth, 1);
+
+    // android.scaler
+    const int32_t crop_region[] = {
+            activeArraySize.data.i32[0],
+            activeArraySize.data.i32[1],
+            activeArraySize.data.i32[2],
+            activeArraySize.data.i32[3],
+    };
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_SCALER_CROP_REGION, crop_region, ARRAY_SIZE(crop_region));
+
+    // android.sensor
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_SENSOR_TIMESTAMP, &timestamp, 1);
+
+    // android.statistics
+    const uint8_t lensShadingMapMode = ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE_OFF;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_STATISTICS_LENS_SHADING_MAP_MODE, &lensShadingMapMode, 1);
+
+    const uint8_t sceneFlicker = ANDROID_STATISTICS_SCENE_FLICKER_NONE;
+    UPDATE(md, ANDROID_STATISTICS_SCENE_FLICKER, &sceneFlicker, 1);
+
+    return OK;
+}
+
+#undef ARRAY_SIZE
+#undef UPDATE
+
+AllocatedV4L2Frame::AllocatedV4L2Frame(std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame> frameIn)
+    : Frame(frameIn->mWidth, frameIn->mHeight, frameIn->mFourcc) {
+    uint8_t* dataIn;
+    size_t dataSize;
+    if (frameIn->getData(&dataIn, &dataSize) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: map input V4L2 frame failed!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    mData.resize(dataSize);
+    std::memcpy(mData.data(), dataIn, dataSize);
+}
+
+AllocatedV4L2Frame::~AllocatedV4L2Frame() {}
+
+int AllocatedV4L2Frame::getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) {
+    if (outData == nullptr || dataSize == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: outData(%p)/dataSize(%p) must not be null", __FUNCTION__, outData, dataSize);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *outData = mData.data();
+    *dataSize = mData.size();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.h b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b37933c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/ExternalCameraUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAUTILS_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAUTILS_H_
+
+#include <CameraMetadata.h>
+#include <HandleImporter.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CaptureResult.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ErrorCode.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <tinyxml2.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CaptureResult;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorCode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::HandleImporter;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+
+namespace external {
+namespace common {
+
+struct Size {
+    int32_t width;
+    int32_t height;
+
+    bool operator==(const Size& other) const {
+        return (width == other.width && height == other.height);
+    }
+};
+
+struct SizeHasher {
+    size_t operator()(const Size& sz) const {
+        size_t result = 1;
+        result = 31 * result + sz.width;
+        result = 31 * result + sz.height;
+        return result;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ExternalCameraConfig {
+    static const char* kDefaultCfgPath;
+    static ExternalCameraConfig loadFromCfg(const char* cfgPath = kDefaultCfgPath);
+
+    // CameraId base offset for numerical representation
+    uint32_t cameraIdOffset;
+
+    // List of internal V4L2 video nodes external camera HAL must ignore.
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> mInternalDevices;
+
+    // Maximal size of a JPEG buffer, in bytes
+    int32_t maxJpegBufSize;
+
+    // Maximum Size that can sustain 30fps streaming
+    Size maxVideoSize;
+
+    // Size of v4l2 buffer queue when streaming <= kMaxVideoSize
+    uint32_t numVideoBuffers;
+
+    // Size of v4l2 buffer queue when streaming > kMaxVideoSize
+    uint32_t numStillBuffers;
+
+    // Indication that the device connected supports depth output
+    bool depthEnabled;
+
+    struct FpsLimitation {
+        Size size;
+        double fpsUpperBound;
+    };
+    std::vector<FpsLimitation> fpsLimits;
+    std::vector<FpsLimitation> depthFpsLimits;
+
+    // Minimum output stream size
+    Size minStreamSize;
+
+    // The value of android.sensor.orientation
+    int32_t orientation;
+
+  private:
+    ExternalCameraConfig();
+    static bool updateFpsList(tinyxml2::XMLElement* fpsList, std::vector<FpsLimitation>& fpsLimits);
+};
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace external
+
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+struct SupportedV4L2Format {
+    int32_t width;
+    int32_t height;
+    uint32_t fourcc;
+    // All supported frame rate for this w/h/fourcc combination
+    struct FrameRate {
+        // Duration (in seconds) of a single frame.
+        // Numerator and denominator of the frame duration are stored separately.
+        // For ex. a frame lasting 1/30 of a second will be stored as {1, 30}
+        uint32_t durationNumerator;         // frame duration numerator.   Ex: 1
+        uint32_t durationDenominator;       // frame duration denominator. Ex: 30
+        double getFramesPerSecond() const;  // FPS as double.        Ex: 30.0
+    };
+    std::vector<FrameRate> frameRates;
+};
+
+// A Base class with basic information about a frame
+struct Frame : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Frame> {
+  public:
+    Frame(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t fourcc);
+    virtual ~Frame();
+    const int32_t mWidth;
+    const int32_t mHeight;
+    const uint32_t mFourcc;
+
+    // getData might involve map/allocation
+    virtual int getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) = 0;
+};
+
+// A class provide access to a dequeued V4L2 frame buffer (mostly in MJPG format)
+// Also contains necessary information to enqueue the buffer back to V4L2 buffer queue
+class V4L2Frame : public Frame {
+  public:
+    V4L2Frame(uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t fourcc, int bufIdx, int fd, uint32_t dataSize,
+              uint64_t offset);
+    virtual ~V4L2Frame();
+
+    virtual int getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) override;
+
+    const int mBufferIndex;  // for later enqueue
+    int map(uint8_t** data, size_t* dataSize);
+    int unmap();
+
+  private:
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    const int mFd;  // used for mmap but doesn't claim ownership
+    const size_t mDataSize;
+    const uint64_t mOffset;  // used for mmap
+    uint8_t* mData = nullptr;
+    bool mMapped = false;
+};
+
+// A RAII class representing a CPU allocated YUV frame used as intermediate buffers
+// when generating output images.
+class AllocatedFrame : public Frame {
+  public:
+    AllocatedFrame(uint32_t w, uint32_t h);  // only support V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420 for now
+    ~AllocatedFrame() override;
+
+    virtual int getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) override;
+
+    int allocate(YCbCrLayout* out = nullptr);
+    int getLayout(YCbCrLayout* out);
+    int getCroppedLayout(const IMapper::Rect&, YCbCrLayout* out);  // return non-zero for bad input
+  private:
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mData;
+    size_t mBufferSize;  // size of mData before padding. Actual size of mData might be slightly
+                         // bigger to horizontally pad the frame for jpeglib.
+};
+
+enum CroppingType { HORIZONTAL = 0, VERTICAL = 1 };
+
+// Aspect ratio is defined as width/height here and ExternalCameraDevice
+// will guarantee all supported sizes has width >= height (so aspect ratio >= 1.0)
+#define ASPECT_RATIO(sz) (static_cast<float>((sz).width) / (sz).height)
+const float kMaxAspectRatio = std::numeric_limits<float>::max();
+const float kMinAspectRatio = 1.f;
+
+bool isAspectRatioClose(float ar1, float ar2);
+
+struct HalStreamBuffer {
+    int32_t streamId;
+    int64_t bufferId;
+    int32_t width;
+    int32_t height;
+    ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat format;
+    ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage usage;
+    buffer_handle_t* bufPtr;
+    int acquireFence;
+    bool fenceTimeout;
+};
+
+struct HalRequest {
+    int32_t frameNumber;
+    common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata setting;
+    std::shared_ptr<Frame> frameIn;
+    nsecs_t shutterTs;
+    std::vector<HalStreamBuffer> buffers;
+};
+
+static const uint64_t BUFFER_ID_NO_BUFFER = 0;
+
+// buffers currently circulating between HAL and camera service
+// key: bufferId sent via HIDL interface
+// value: imported buffer_handle_t
+// Buffer will be imported during processCaptureRequest (or requestStreamBuffer
+// in the case of HAL buffer manager is enabled) and will be freed
+// when the stream is deleted or camera device session is closed
+typedef std::unordered_map<uint64_t, buffer_handle_t> CirculatingBuffers;
+
+aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status importBufferImpl(
+        /*inout*/ std::map<int, CirculatingBuffers>& circulatingBuffers,
+        /*inout*/ HandleImporter& handleImporter, int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId,
+        buffer_handle_t buf,
+        /*out*/ buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr);
+
+static const uint32_t FLEX_YUV_GENERIC =
+        static_cast<uint32_t>('F') | static_cast<uint32_t>('L') << 8 |
+        static_cast<uint32_t>('E') << 16 | static_cast<uint32_t>('X') << 24;
+
+// returns FLEX_YUV_GENERIC for formats other than YV12/YU12/NV12/NV21
+uint32_t getFourCcFromLayout(const YCbCrLayout&);
+
+using ::android::hardware::camera::external::common::Size;
+int getCropRect(CroppingType ct, const Size& inSize, const Size& outSize, IMapper::Rect* out);
+
+int formatConvert(const YCbCrLayout& in, const YCbCrLayout& out, Size sz, uint32_t format);
+
+int encodeJpegYU12(const Size& inSz, const YCbCrLayout& inLayout, int jpegQuality,
+                   const void* app1Buffer, size_t app1Size, void* out, size_t maxOutSize,
+                   size_t& actualCodeSize);
+
+Size getMaxThumbnailResolution(const common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata&);
+
+void freeReleaseFences(std::vector<CaptureResult>&);
+
+status_t fillCaptureResultCommon(common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& md, nsecs_t timestamp,
+                                 camera_metadata_ro_entry& activeArraySize);
+
+// Interface for OutputThread calling back to parent
+struct OutputThreadInterface {
+    virtual ~OutputThreadInterface() {}
+    virtual aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status importBuffer(
+            int32_t streamId, uint64_t bufId, buffer_handle_t buf,
+            /*out*/ buffer_handle_t** outBufPtr) = 0;
+
+    virtual void notifyError(int32_t frameNumber, int32_t streamId, ErrorCode ec) = 0;
+
+    // Callbacks are fired within the method if msgs/results are nullptr.
+    // Otherwise the callbacks will be returned and caller is responsible to
+    // fire the callback later
+    virtual aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status processCaptureRequestError(
+            const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>&,
+            /*out*/ std::vector<NotifyMsg>* msgs,
+            /*out*/ std::vector<CaptureResult>* results) = 0;
+
+    virtual aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status processCaptureRequestError(
+            const std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>& reqs) final {
+        return processCaptureRequestError(reqs, nullptr, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    virtual aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status processCaptureResult(
+            std::shared_ptr<HalRequest>&) = 0;
+
+    virtual ssize_t getJpegBufferSize(int32_t width, int32_t height) const = 0;
+};
+
+// A CPU copy of a mapped V4L2Frame. Will map the input V4L2 frame.
+class AllocatedV4L2Frame : public Frame {
+  public:
+    AllocatedV4L2Frame(std::shared_ptr<V4L2Frame> frameIn);
+    ~AllocatedV4L2Frame() override;
+    virtual int getData(uint8_t** outData, size_t* dataSize) override;
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mData;
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAUTILS_H_
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS b/camera/device/default/OWNERS
similarity index 100%
copy from camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS
copy to camera/device/default/OWNERS
diff --git a/camera/device/default/convert.cpp b/camera/device/default/convert.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8134dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/convert.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4-convert-impl"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include "convert.h"
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
+#include <hardware/camera_common.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorCode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ErrorMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ShutterMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::BufferUsage;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat;
+
+void convertToAidl(const camera_metadata_t* src, CameraMetadata* dest) {
+    if (src == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    size_t size = get_camera_metadata_size(src);
+    auto* src_start = (uint8_t*)src;
+    uint8_t* src_end = src_start + size;
+    dest->metadata.assign(src_start, src_end);
+}
+
+bool convertFromAidl(const CameraMetadata& src, const camera_metadata_t** dst) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t>& metadata = src.metadata;
+    if (metadata.empty()) {
+        // Special case for null metadata
+        *dst = nullptr;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t* data = metadata.data();
+    // check that the size of CameraMetadata match underlying camera_metadata_t
+    if (get_camera_metadata_size((camera_metadata_t*)data) != metadata.size()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: input CameraMetadata is corrupt!", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+    *dst = (camera_metadata_t*)data;
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/camera/device/default/convert.h b/camera/device/default/convert.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a508fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/device/default/convert.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_CONVERT_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_CONVERT_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/BufferStatus.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/CameraMetadata.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/HalStream.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/NotifyMsg.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/Stream.h>
+#include <hardware/camera3.h>
+#include <system/camera_metadata.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace device {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::BufferStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::CameraMetadata;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::HalStream;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::NotifyMsg;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::Stream;
+
+void convertToAidl(const camera_metadata_t* src, CameraMetadata* dest);
+
+bool convertFromAidl(const CameraMetadata& src, const camera_metadata_t** dst);
+
+inline ndk::ScopedAStatus fromStatus(Status status) {
+    return status == Status::OK
+                   ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
+                   : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(status));
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace device
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_DEVICE_DEFAULT_CONVERT_H_
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp b/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp
index bb30e43..d7e613e 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
         "android.hardware.camera.device-V2",
         "android.hardware.camera.common-V1",
     ],
+    frozen: false,
     stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
         java: {
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.camera.provider/current/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl b/camera/provider/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.camera.provider/current/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl
index c6a3b9a..c15bdee 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.camera.provider/current/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.camera.provider/current/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
   void notifyDeviceStateChange(long deviceState);
   android.hardware.camera.provider.ConcurrentCameraIdCombination[] getConcurrentCameraIds();
   boolean isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(in android.hardware.camera.provider.CameraIdAndStreamCombination[] configs);
-  void placeholder();
   const long DEVICE_STATE_NORMAL = 0;
   const long DEVICE_STATE_BACK_COVERED = 1;
   const long DEVICE_STATE_FRONT_COVERED = 2;
diff --git a/camera/provider/aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl b/camera/provider/aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl
index 5442058..c4eba8d 100644
--- a/camera/provider/aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl
+++ b/camera/provider/aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProvider.aidl
@@ -304,12 +304,4 @@
      *
      */
     boolean isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(in CameraIdAndStreamCombination[] configs);
-
-    /*
-     * Due to a bug in vintf regarding aidl changes that are contained to fields,
-     * we need a placeholder method that will be removed after this patch.
-     *
-     * TODO(b/237048744): Remove this once fixed.
-     */
-    void placeholder();
 }
diff --git a/camera/provider/default/Android.bp b/camera/provider/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed45cbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/provider/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-impl",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    proprietary: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "ExternalCameraProvider.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
+        "android.hidl.allocator@1.0",
+        "android.hidl.memory@1.0",
+        "camera.device-external-impl",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libtinyxml2",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "camera_external_service_defaults",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    proprietary: true,
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    srcs: ["external-service.cpp"],
+    compile_multilib: "first",
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.device-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-impl",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
+        "android.hidl.allocator@1.0",
+        "android.hidl.memory@1.0",
+        "camera.device-external-impl",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcamera_metadata",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libtinyxml2",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.camera.common@1.0-helper",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service",
+    defaults: ["camera_external_service_defaults"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service.rc"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service-lazy",
+    overrides: ["android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service"],
+    defaults: ["camera_external_service_defaults"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service-lazy.rc"],
+    cflags: ["-DLAZY_SERVICE"],
+}
diff --git a/camera/provider/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp b/camera/provider/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d47ddbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/provider/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "ExtCamPrvdr"
+// #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#include "ExternalCameraProvider.h"
+
+#include <ExternalCameraDevice.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/Status.h>
+#include <convert.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <linux/videodev2.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <regex>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace provider {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::Status;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::device::implementation::ExternalCameraDevice;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::device::implementation::fromStatus;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::external::common::ExternalCameraConfig;
+
+namespace {
+// "device@<version>/external/<id>"
+const std::regex kDeviceNameRE("device@([0-9]+\\.[0-9]+)/external/(.+)");
+const int kMaxDevicePathLen = 256;
+constexpr char kDevicePath[] = "/dev/";
+constexpr char kPrefix[] = "video";
+constexpr int kPrefixLen = sizeof(kPrefix) - 1;
+constexpr int kDevicePrefixLen = sizeof(kDevicePath) + kPrefixLen + 1;
+
+bool matchDeviceName(int cameraIdOffset, const std::string& deviceName, std::string* deviceVersion,
+                     std::string* cameraDevicePath) {
+    std::smatch sm;
+    if (std::regex_match(deviceName, sm, kDeviceNameRE)) {
+        if (deviceVersion != nullptr) {
+            *deviceVersion = sm[1];
+        }
+        if (cameraDevicePath != nullptr) {
+            *cameraDevicePath = "/dev/video" + std::to_string(std::stoi(sm[2]) - cameraIdOffset);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+ExternalCameraProvider::ExternalCameraProvider() : mCfg(ExternalCameraConfig::loadFromCfg()) {
+    mHotPlugThread = std::make_shared<HotplugThread>(this);
+    mHotPlugThread->run();
+}
+
+ExternalCameraProvider::~ExternalCameraProvider() {
+    mHotPlugThread->requestExitAndWait();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::setCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback>& in_callback) {
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+        mCallback = in_callback;
+    }
+
+    if (mCallback == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& pair : mCameraStatusMap) {
+        mCallback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(pair.first, pair.second);
+    }
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::getVendorTags(
+        std::vector<VendorTagSection>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    // No vendor tag support for USB camera
+    *_aidl_return = {};
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::getCameraIdList(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    // External camera HAL always report 0 camera, and extra cameras
+    // are just reported via cameraDeviceStatusChange callbacks
+    *_aidl_return = {};
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::getCameraDeviceInterface(
+        const std::string& in_cameraDeviceName, std::shared_ptr<ICameraDevice>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    std::string cameraDevicePath, deviceVersion;
+    bool match = matchDeviceName(mCfg.cameraIdOffset, in_cameraDeviceName, &deviceVersion,
+                                 &cameraDevicePath);
+
+    if (!match) {
+        *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    if (mCameraStatusMap.count(in_cameraDeviceName) == 0 ||
+        mCameraStatusMap[in_cameraDeviceName] != CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT) {
+        *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    ALOGV("Constructing external camera device");
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDevice> deviceImpl =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ExternalCameraDevice>(cameraDevicePath, mCfg);
+    if (deviceImpl == nullptr || deviceImpl->isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGE("%s: camera device %s init failed!", __FUNCTION__, cameraDevicePath.c_str());
+        *_aidl_return = nullptr;
+        return fromStatus(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+
+    IF_ALOGV() {
+        int interfaceVersion;
+        deviceImpl->getInterfaceVersion(&interfaceVersion);
+        ALOGV("%s: device interface version: %d", __FUNCTION__, interfaceVersion);
+    }
+
+    *_aidl_return = deviceImpl;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::notifyDeviceStateChange(int64_t) {
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::getConcurrentCameraIds(
+        std::vector<ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = {};
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ExternalCameraProvider::isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+        const std::vector<CameraIdAndStreamCombination>&, bool* _aidl_return) {
+    if (_aidl_return == nullptr) {
+        return fromStatus(Status::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    // No concurrent stream combinations are supported
+    *_aidl_return = false;
+    return fromStatus(Status::OK);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraProvider::addExternalCamera(const char* devName) {
+    ALOGV("%s: ExtCam: adding %s to External Camera HAL!", __FUNCTION__, devName);
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    std::string deviceName;
+    std::string cameraId =
+            std::to_string(mCfg.cameraIdOffset + std::atoi(devName + kDevicePrefixLen));
+    deviceName =
+            std::string("device@") + ExternalCameraDevice::kDeviceVersion + "/external/" + cameraId;
+    mCameraStatusMap[deviceName] = CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT;
+    if (mCallback != nullptr) {
+        mCallback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(deviceName, CameraDeviceStatus::PRESENT);
+    }
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraProvider::deviceAdded(const char* devName) {
+    {
+        base::unique_fd fd(::open(devName, O_RDWR));
+        if (fd.get() < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s open v4l2 device %s failed:%s", __FUNCTION__, devName, strerror(errno));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        struct v4l2_capability capability;
+        int ret = ioctl(fd.get(), VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &capability);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s v4l2 QUERYCAP %s failed", __FUNCTION__, devName);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!(capability.device_caps & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
+            ALOGW("%s device %s does not support VIDEO_CAPTURE", __FUNCTION__, devName);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // See if we can initialize ExternalCameraDevice correctly
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraDevice> deviceImpl =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ExternalCameraDevice>(devName, mCfg);
+    if (deviceImpl == nullptr || deviceImpl->isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Attempt to init camera device %s failed!", __FUNCTION__, devName);
+        return;
+    }
+    deviceImpl.reset();
+    addExternalCamera(devName);
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraProvider::deviceRemoved(const char* devName) {
+    Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    std::string deviceName;
+    std::string cameraId =
+            std::to_string(mCfg.cameraIdOffset + std::atoi(devName + kDevicePrefixLen));
+
+    deviceName =
+            std::string("device@") + ExternalCameraDevice::kDeviceVersion + "/external/" + cameraId;
+
+    if (mCameraStatusMap.erase(deviceName) == 0) {
+        // Unknown device, do not fire callback
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot find camera device to remove %s", __FUNCTION__, devName);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (mCallback != nullptr) {
+        mCallback->cameraDeviceStatusChange(deviceName, CameraDeviceStatus::NOT_PRESENT);
+    }
+}
+
+void ExternalCameraProvider::updateAttachedCameras() {
+    ALOGV("%s start scanning for existing V4L2 devices", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    // Find existing /dev/video* devices
+    DIR* devdir = opendir(kDevicePath);
+    if (devdir == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("%s: cannot open %s! Exiting threadloop", __FUNCTION__, kDevicePath);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct dirent* de;
+    while ((de = readdir(devdir)) != nullptr) {
+        // Find external v4l devices that's existing before we start watching and add them
+        if (!strncmp(kPrefix, de->d_name, kPrefixLen)) {
+            std::string deviceId(de->d_name + kPrefixLen);
+            if (mCfg.mInternalDevices.count(deviceId) == 0) {
+                ALOGV("Non-internal v4l device %s found", de->d_name);
+                char v4l2DevicePath[kMaxDevicePathLen];
+                snprintf(v4l2DevicePath, kMaxDevicePathLen, "%s%s", kDevicePath, de->d_name);
+                deviceAdded(v4l2DevicePath);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    closedir(devdir);
+}
+
+// Start ExternalCameraProvider::HotplugThread functions
+
+ExternalCameraProvider::HotplugThread::HotplugThread(ExternalCameraProvider* parent)
+    : mParent(parent), mInternalDevices(parent->mCfg.mInternalDevices) {}
+
+ExternalCameraProvider::HotplugThread::~HotplugThread() {
+    // Clean up inotify descriptor if needed.
+    if (mINotifyFD >= 0) {
+        close(mINotifyFD);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraProvider::HotplugThread::initialize() {
+    // Update existing cameras
+    mParent->updateAttachedCameras();
+
+    // Set up non-blocking fd. The threadLoop will be responsible for polling read at the
+    // desired frequency
+    mINotifyFD = inotify_init();
+    if (mINotifyFD < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: inotify init failed! Exiting threadloop", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Start watching /dev/ directory for created and deleted files
+    mWd = inotify_add_watch(mINotifyFD, kDevicePath, IN_CREATE | IN_DELETE);
+    if (mWd < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: inotify add watch failed! Exiting threadloop", __FUNCTION__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    mPollFd = {.fd = mINotifyFD, .events = POLLIN};
+
+    mIsInitialized = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ExternalCameraProvider::HotplugThread::threadLoop() {
+    // Initialize inotify descriptors if needed.
+    if (!mIsInitialized && !initialize()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // poll /dev/* and handle timeouts and error
+    int pollRet = poll(&mPollFd, /* fd_count= */ 1, /* timeout= */ 250);
+    if (pollRet == 0) {
+        // no read event in 100ms
+        mPollFd.revents = 0;
+        return true;
+    } else if (pollRet < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s: error while polling for /dev/*: %d", __FUNCTION__, errno);
+        mPollFd.revents = 0;
+        return true;
+    } else if (mPollFd.revents & POLLERR) {
+        ALOGE("%s: polling /dev/ returned POLLERR", __FUNCTION__);
+        mPollFd.revents = 0;
+        return true;
+    } else if (mPollFd.revents & POLLHUP) {
+        ALOGE("%s: polling /dev/ returned POLLHUP", __FUNCTION__);
+        mPollFd.revents = 0;
+        return true;
+    } else if (mPollFd.revents & POLLNVAL) {
+        ALOGE("%s: polling /dev/ returned POLLNVAL", __FUNCTION__);
+        mPollFd.revents = 0;
+        return true;
+    }
+    // mPollFd.revents must contain POLLIN, so safe to reset it before reading
+    mPollFd.revents = 0;
+
+    uint64_t offset = 0;
+    ssize_t ret = read(mINotifyFD, mEventBuf, sizeof(mEventBuf));
+    if (ret < sizeof(struct inotify_event)) {
+        // invalid event. skip
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    while (offset < ret) {
+        struct inotify_event* event = (struct inotify_event*)&mEventBuf[offset];
+        offset += sizeof(struct inotify_event) + event->len;
+
+        if (event->wd != mWd) {
+            // event for an unrelated descriptor. ignore.
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ALOGV("%s inotify_event %s", __FUNCTION__, event->name);
+        if (strncmp(kPrefix, event->name, kPrefixLen) != 0) {
+            // event not for /dev/video*. ignore.
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        std::string deviceId = event->name + kPrefixLen;
+        if (mInternalDevices.count(deviceId) != 0) {
+            // update to an internal device. ignore.
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        char v4l2DevicePath[kMaxDevicePathLen];
+        snprintf(v4l2DevicePath, kMaxDevicePathLen, "%s%s", kDevicePath, event->name);
+
+        if (event->mask & IN_CREATE) {
+            mParent->deviceAdded(v4l2DevicePath);
+        } else if (event->mask & IN_DELETE) {
+            mParent->deviceRemoved(v4l2DevicePath);
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// End ExternalCameraProvider::HotplugThread functions
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace provider
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/provider/default/ExternalCameraProvider.h b/camera/provider/default/ExternalCameraProvider.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..347a53c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/provider/default/ExternalCameraProvider.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_PROVIDER_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAPROVIDER_H_
+#define HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_PROVIDER_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAPROVIDER_H_
+
+#include <ExternalCameraUtils.h>
+#include <SimpleThread.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/CameraDeviceStatus.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/common/VendorTagSection.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/device/ICameraDevice.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/BnCameraProvider.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/CameraIdAndStreamCombination.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ConcurrentCameraIdCombination.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/camera/provider/ICameraProviderCallback.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
+#include <utils/Thread.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace camera {
+namespace provider {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::CameraDeviceStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::common::VendorTagSection;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::device::ICameraDevice;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::BnCameraProvider;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::CameraIdAndStreamCombination;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ConcurrentCameraIdCombination;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::camera::provider::ICameraProviderCallback;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::common::helper::SimpleThread;
+using ::android::hardware::camera::external::common::ExternalCameraConfig;
+
+class ExternalCameraProvider : public BnCameraProvider {
+  public:
+    ExternalCameraProvider();
+    ~ExternalCameraProvider() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback>& in_callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getVendorTags(std::vector<VendorTagSection>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraIdList(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCameraDeviceInterface(
+            const std::string& in_cameraDeviceName,
+            std::shared_ptr<ICameraDevice>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyDeviceStateChange(int64_t in_deviceState) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getConcurrentCameraIds(
+            std::vector<ConcurrentCameraIdCombination>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus isConcurrentStreamCombinationSupported(
+            const std::vector<CameraIdAndStreamCombination>& in_configs,
+            bool* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  private:
+    void addExternalCamera(const char* devName);
+    void deviceAdded(const char* devName);
+    void deviceRemoved(const char* devName);
+    void updateAttachedCameras();
+
+    // A separate thread to monitor '/dev' directory for '/dev/video*' entries
+    // This thread calls back into ExternalCameraProvider when an actionable change is detected.
+    class HotplugThread : public SimpleThread {
+      public:
+        explicit HotplugThread(ExternalCameraProvider* parent);
+        ~HotplugThread() override;
+
+      protected:
+        bool threadLoop() override;
+
+      private:
+        // Returns true if thread initialization succeeded, and false if thread initialization
+        // failed.
+        bool initialize();
+
+        ExternalCameraProvider* mParent = nullptr;
+        const std::unordered_set<std::string> mInternalDevices;
+
+        bool mIsInitialized = false;
+
+        int mINotifyFD = -1;
+        int mWd = -1;
+
+        // struct to wrap mINotifyFD and poll it with timeout
+        struct pollfd mPollFd = {};
+        char mEventBuf[512] = {0};
+    };
+
+    Mutex mLock;
+    std::shared_ptr<ICameraProviderCallback> mCallback = nullptr;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, CameraDeviceStatus> mCameraStatusMap;  // camera id -> status
+    const ExternalCameraConfig mCfg;
+    std::shared_ptr<HotplugThread> mHotPlugThread;
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace provider
+}  // namespace camera
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // HARDWARE_INTERFACES_CAMERA_PROVIDER_DEFAULT_EXTERNALCAMERAPROVIDER_H_
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS b/camera/provider/default/OWNERS
similarity index 100%
copy from camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS
copy to camera/provider/default/OWNERS
diff --git a/camera/provider/default/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service-lazy.rc b/camera/provider/default/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service-lazy.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcdd88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/provider/default/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service-lazy.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+service vendor.camera.provider-ext /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service-lazy
+    interface aidl android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider/external/0
+    class hal
+    oneshot
+    disabled
+    user cameraserver
+    group audio camera input drmrpc usb
+    ioprio rt 4
+    capabilities SYS_NICE
+    task_profiles CameraServiceCapacity MaxPerformance
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/provider/default/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service.rc b/camera/provider/default/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..302c56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/provider/default/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+service vendor.camera.provider-ext /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.camera.provider-V1-external-service
+    interface aidl android.hardware.camera.provider.ICameraProvider/external/0
+    class hal
+    user cameraserver
+    group audio camera input drmrpc usb
+    ioprio rt 4
+    capabilities SYS_NICE
+    task_profiles CameraServiceCapacity MaxPerformance
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/camera/provider/default/external-service.cpp b/camera/provider/default/external-service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b18f182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/camera/provider/default/external-service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ExternalCameraProvider.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+using ::android::hardware::camera::provider::implementation::ExternalCameraProvider;
+
+namespace {
+// Default recommended RPC thread count for camera provider implementations
+const int HWBINDER_THREAD_COUNT = 6;
+}  // namespace
+
+int main() {
+    ALOGI("CameraProvider: external webcam service is starting.");
+
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(HWBINDER_THREAD_COUNT);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ExternalCameraProvider> defaultProvider =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<ExternalCameraProvider>();
+    const std::string serviceName = std::string(ExternalCameraProvider::descriptor) + "/external/0";
+
+#ifdef LAZY_SERVICE
+    binder_exception_t ret = AServiceManager_registerLazyService(defaultProvider->asBinder().get(),
+                                                                 serviceName.c_str());
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ret != EX_NONE,
+                        "Error while registering lazy ext camera provider service: %d", ret);
+#else
+    binder_exception_t ret =
+            AServiceManager_addService(defaultProvider->asBinder().get(), serviceName.c_str());
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ret != EX_NONE, "Error while registering ext camera provider service: %d",
+                        ret);
+#endif
+
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
index 645753f..d0e844d 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
@@ -109,14 +109,14 @@
         <name>android.hardware.automotive.vehicle</name>
         <interface>
             <name>IVehicle</name>
-            <regex-instance>.*</regex-instance>
+            <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
      <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.automotive.remoteaccess</name>
         <interface>
             <name>IRemoteAccess</name>
-            <regex-instance>.*</regex-instance>
+            <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.contexthub</name>
+        <version>2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IContextHub</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
@@ -423,14 +424,6 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
-        <name>android.hardware.oemlock</name>
-        <version>1.0</version>
-        <interface>
-            <name>IOemLock</name>
-            <instance>default</instance>
-        </interface>
-    </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="false">
         <name>android.hardware.power</name>
         <version>2-4</version>
@@ -556,9 +549,9 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.secure_element</name>
-        <version>1.0-2</version>
+        <version>1</version>
         <interface>
             <name>ISecureElement</name>
             <regex-instance>eSE[1-9][0-9]*</regex-instance>
@@ -653,6 +646,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.usb</name>
+        <version>1-2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IUsb</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
@@ -667,6 +661,13 @@
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.usb.gadget</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IUsbGadget</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.vibrator</name>
         <version>1-2</version>
         <interface>
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl b/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl
index f0676be..272d768 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.contexthub/current/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl
@@ -45,5 +45,6 @@
   void sendMessageToHub(in int contextHubId, in android.hardware.contexthub.ContextHubMessage message);
   void onHostEndpointConnected(in android.hardware.contexthub.HostEndpointInfo hostEndpointInfo);
   void onHostEndpointDisconnected(char hostEndpointId);
+  long[] getPreloadedNanoappIds();
   const int EX_CONTEXT_HUB_UNSPECIFIED = -1;
 }
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl b/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl
index 16666ef..9fa67a5 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/IContextHub.aidl
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import android.hardware.contexthub.HostEndpointInfo;
 import android.hardware.contexthub.IContextHubCallback;
 import android.hardware.contexthub.NanoappBinary;
+import android.hardware.contexthub.NanoappInfo;
 import android.hardware.contexthub.Setting;
 
 @VintfStability
@@ -195,6 +196,14 @@
     void onHostEndpointDisconnected(char hostEndpointId);
 
     /**
+     * Provides the list of preloaded nanoapp IDs on the system. The output of this API must
+     * not change.
+     *
+     * @return The list of preloaded nanoapp IDs
+     */
+    long[] getPreloadedNanoappIds();
+
+    /**
      * Error codes that are used as service specific errors with the AIDL return
      * value EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC.
      */
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/default/Android.bp b/contexthub/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 269057a..6ee7407 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
-        "android.hardware.contexthub-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.contexthub-V2-ndk",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     srcs: [
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
-        "android.hardware.contexthub-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.contexthub-V2-ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libcontexthubexampleimpl",
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/default/ContextHub.cpp b/contexthub/aidl/default/ContextHub.cpp
index 35e4650..ac1dc46 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/default/ContextHub.cpp
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/default/ContextHub.cpp
@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@
     }
 }
 
+ScopedAStatus ContextHub::getPreloadedNanoappIds(std::vector<int64_t>* out_preloadedNanoappIds) {
+    if (out_preloadedNanoappIds == nullptr) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+        out_preloadedNanoappIds->push_back(i);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus ContextHub::registerCallback(int32_t in_contextHubId,
                                            const std::shared_ptr<IContextHubCallback>& in_cb) {
     if (in_contextHubId == kMockHubId) {
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/default/contexthub-default.xml b/contexthub/aidl/default/contexthub-default.xml
index e383c50..930f672 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/default/contexthub-default.xml
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/default/contexthub-default.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 <manifest version="1.0" type="device">
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.contexthub</name>
-        <version>1</version>
-        <fqname>IContextHub/default</fqname>
+        <version>2</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IContextHub</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
     </hal>
 </manifest>
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/default/include/contexthub-impl/ContextHub.h b/contexthub/aidl/default/include/contexthub-impl/ContextHub.h
index 03d8432..4aeb948 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/default/include/contexthub-impl/ContextHub.h
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/default/include/contexthub-impl/ContextHub.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/contexthub/BnContextHub.h>
 
 #include <unordered_set>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aidl {
 namespace android {
@@ -37,6 +38,8 @@
                                        int32_t in_transactionId) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onSettingChanged(Setting in_setting, bool in_enabled) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus queryNanoapps(int32_t in_contextHubId) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getPreloadedNanoappIds(
+            std::vector<int64_t>* out_preloadedNanoappIds) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus registerCallback(
             int32_t in_contextHubId, const std::shared_ptr<IContextHubCallback>& in_cb) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus sendMessageToHub(int32_t in_contextHubId,
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/contexthub/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 673eac0..1534b40 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
         "libbinder",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.contexthub-V1-cpp",
+        "android.hardware.contexthub-V2-cpp",
         "VtsHalContexthubUtils",
     ],
     test_suites: [
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp b/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp
index 3c01c6b..8104f27 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp
@@ -156,6 +156,19 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Calls getPreloadedNanoapps() and verifies there are preloaded nanoapps
+TEST_P(ContextHubAidl, TestGetPreloadedNanoapps) {
+    std::vector<int64_t> preloadedNanoappIds;
+    Status status = contextHub->getPreloadedNanoappIds(&preloadedNanoappIds);
+    if (status.exceptionCode() == Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
+        status.transactionError() == android::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION) {
+        return;  // not supported -> old API; or not implemented
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(preloadedNanoappIds.empty());
+}
+
 // Helper callback that puts the TransactionResult for the expectedTransactionId into a
 // promise
 class TransactionResultCallback : public android::hardware::contexthub::BnContextHubCallback {
diff --git a/current.txt b/current.txt
index afde7b1..146ded6 100644
--- a/current.txt
+++ b/current.txt
@@ -929,4 +929,7 @@
 1bac6a7c8136dfb0414fe5639eec115aa2d12927e64a0642a43fb53225f099b2 android.hardware.wifi@1.6::IWifiStaIface
 0a800e010e8eb6eecdfdc96f04fd2ae2f417a79a74a7c0eec3a9f539199bccd4 android.hardware.wifi@1.6::types
 
+# ABI preserving changes to HALs during Android U
+2aa559cda86c358c6429114ef6bc72c1b43281e98f9eb6b4df5e7073c8d05767 android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::types
+
 # There will be no more HIDL HALs. Use AIDL instead.
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl
index fd07a6e..0247182 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.gnss/current/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
   const int CAPABILITY_CORRELATION_VECTOR = 4096;
   const int CAPABILITY_SATELLITE_PVT = 8192;
   const int CAPABILITY_MEASUREMENT_CORRECTIONS_FOR_DRIVING = 16384;
+  const int CAPABILITY_ACCUMULATED_DELTA_RANGE = 32768;
   @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
   enum GnssStatusValue {
     NONE = 0,
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl
index 2b2592b..ff9feea 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl
+++ b/gnss/aidl/android/hardware/gnss/IGnssCallback.aidl
@@ -82,6 +82,9 @@
     /** Capability bit mask indicating that GNSS supports measurement corrections for driving */
     const int CAPABILITY_MEASUREMENT_CORRECTIONS_FOR_DRIVING = 1 << 14;
 
+    /** Capability bit mask indicating that GNSS supports accumulated delta range */
+    const int CAPABILITY_ACCUMULATED_DELTA_RANGE = 1 << 15;
+
     /**
      * Callback to inform framework of the GNSS HAL implementation's capabilities.
      *
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp b/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp
index 23d7999..ec86d2e 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/Gnss.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@
                   IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_SATELLITE_BLOCKLIST |
                   IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_SATELLITE_PVT |
                   IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_CORRELATION_VECTOR |
-                  IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_ANTENNA_INFO);
+                  IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_ANTENNA_INFO |
+                  IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_ACCUMULATED_DELTA_RANGE);
     auto status = sGnssCallback->gnssSetCapabilitiesCb(capabilities);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Unable to invoke callback.gnssSetCapabilitiesCb", __func__);
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp
index b4f2b77..7578585 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test.cpp
@@ -489,7 +489,9 @@
         // Validity check GnssData fields
         checkGnssMeasurementClockFields(lastGnssData);
         if (aidl_gnss_hal_->getInterfaceVersion() >= 3) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(lastGnssData.isFullTracking, isFullTracking);
+            if (isFullTracking) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(lastGnssData.isFullTracking, isFullTracking);
+            }
         }
         for (const auto& measurement : lastGnssData.measurements) {
             checkGnssMeasurementFields(measurement, lastGnssData);
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
index 31cef15..48027b6 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/vts/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
@@ -1505,10 +1505,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * TestGnssMeasurementSetCallback
- * 1. Start measurement with 20s interval. Expect the first measurement received in 10s.
+ * TestGnssMeasurementSetCallback:
+ * This test ensures setCallback() can be called consecutively without close().
+ * 1. Start measurement with 20s interval and wait for 1 measurement.
  * 2. Start measurement with 1s interval and wait for 5 measurements.
- * 3. Verify the received measurement intervals have expected mean and stddev.
+ *    Verify the measurements were received at 1Hz.
  */
 TEST_P(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementSetCallback) {
     if (aidl_gnss_hal_->getInterfaceVersion() <= 2) {
@@ -1581,3 +1582,57 @@
     status = iGnssMeasurement->close();
     ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 }
+
+/*
+ * TestAccumulatedDeltaRange:
+ * 1. Gets the GnssMeasurementExtension and verifies that it returns a non-null extension.
+ * 2. Start measurement with 1s interval and wait for up to 15 measurements.
+ * 3. Verify at least one measurement has a valid AccumulatedDeltaRange state.
+ */
+TEST_P(GnssHalTest, TestAccumulatedDeltaRange) {
+    if (aidl_gnss_hal_->getInterfaceVersion() <= 2) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if ((aidl_gnss_cb_->last_capabilities_ & IGnssCallback::CAPABILITY_ACCUMULATED_DELTA_RANGE) ==
+        0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ALOGD("TestAccumulatedDeltaRange");
+
+    auto callback = sp<GnssMeasurementCallbackAidl>::make();
+    sp<IGnssMeasurementInterface> iGnssMeasurement;
+    auto status = aidl_gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssMeasurement(&iGnssMeasurement);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iGnssMeasurement != nullptr);
+
+    IGnssMeasurementInterface::Options options;
+    options.intervalMs = 1000;
+    options.enableFullTracking = true;
+    status = iGnssMeasurement->setCallbackWithOptions(callback, options);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+    bool accumulatedDeltaRangeFound = false;
+    const int kNumMeasurementEvents = 15;
+
+    // setCallback at 1s interval and wait for 15 measurements
+    for (int i = 0; i < kNumMeasurementEvents; i++) {
+        GnssData lastGnssData;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(callback->gnss_data_cbq_.retrieve(lastGnssData, 10));
+        EXPECT_EQ(callback->gnss_data_cbq_.calledCount(), i + 1);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(lastGnssData.measurements.size() > 0);
+
+        // Validity check GnssData fields
+        checkGnssMeasurementClockFields(lastGnssData);
+        for (const auto& measurement : lastGnssData.measurements) {
+            if ((measurement.accumulatedDeltaRangeState & measurement.ADR_STATE_VALID) > 0) {
+                accumulatedDeltaRangeFound = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (accumulatedDeltaRangeFound) break;
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(accumulatedDeltaRangeFound);
+    status = iGnssMeasurement->close();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/Utils.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/Utils.cpp
index ad351f8..2aed29b 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/default/Utils.cpp
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/Utils.cpp
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
             .agcLevelDb = 2.3,
             .pseudorangeRateMps = -484.13739013671875,
             .pseudorangeRateUncertaintyMps = 1.0379999876022339,
-            .accumulatedDeltaRangeState = GnssMeasurement::ADR_STATE_UNKNOWN,
+            .accumulatedDeltaRangeState = GnssMeasurement::ADR_STATE_VALID,
             .accumulatedDeltaRangeM = 1.52,
             .accumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyM = 2.43,
             .multipathIndicator = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssMultipathIndicator::UNKNOWN,
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/aidl/Android.bp b/graphics/allocator/aidl/Android.bp
index 098ef17..67c7fb5 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
             min_sdk_version: "29",
         },
     },
+    frozen: false,
     versions_with_info: [
         {
             version: "1",
diff --git a/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/StandardMetadataType.aidl b/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/StandardMetadataType.aidl
index 8126143..4bca795 100644
--- a/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/StandardMetadataType.aidl
+++ b/graphics/common/aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/StandardMetadataType.aidl
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@
  * This is an enum that defines the common types of gralloc 4 buffer metadata. The comments for
  * each enum include a description of the metadata that is associated with the type.
  *
- * IMapper@4.x must support getting the following standard buffer metadata types, with the exception
- * of SMPTE 2094-10 metadata. IMapper@4.x may support setting these standard buffer metadata types
- * as well.
+ * IMapper@4.x & later must support getting the following standard buffer metadata types, with the
+ * exception of SMPTE 2094-10 and SMPTE 2094-40 metadata. IMapper@4.x & later may support setting
+ * these standard buffer metadata types as well.
  *
  * When encoding these StandardMetadataTypes into a byte stream, the associated MetadataType is
  * is first encoded followed by the StandardMetadataType value. The MetadataType is encoded by
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h
index f27b0f4..0f6d146 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h
+++ b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/include/android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h
@@ -509,11 +509,12 @@
      * particular Metadata field.
      *
      * The framework will attempt to set the following StandardMetadataType
-     * values: DATASPACE, SMPTE2086, CTA861_3, SMPTE2094_40 and BLEND_MODE.
-     * We require everyone to support setting those fields. If a device's Composer
-     * implementation supports a field, it should be supported here. Over time these
-     * metadata fields will be moved out of Composer/BufferQueue/etc. and into the
-     * buffer's Metadata fields.
+     * values: DATASPACE, SMPTE2086, CTA861_3, and BLEND_MODE.
+     * We require everyone to support setting those fields. Framework will also attempt to set
+     * SMPTE2094_40 and SMPTE2094_10 if available, and it is required to support setting those
+     * if it is possible to get them. If a device's Composer implementation supports a field,
+     * it should be supported here. Over time these metadata fields will be moved out of
+     * Composer/BufferQueue/etc. and into the buffer's Metadata fields.
      *
      * @param buffer Buffer receiving desired metadata
      * @param metadataType MetadataType for the metadata value being set
@@ -546,11 +547,12 @@
      * particular Metadata field.
      *
      * The framework will attempt to set the following StandardMetadataType
-     * values: DATASPACE, SMPTE2086, CTA861_3, SMPTE2094_40 and BLEND_MODE.
-     * We require everyone to support setting those fields. If a device's Composer
-     * implementation supports a field, it should be supported here. Over time these
-     * metadata fields will be moved out of Composer/BufferQueue/etc. and into the
-     * buffer's Metadata fields.
+     * values: DATASPACE, SMPTE2086, CTA861_3, and BLEND_MODE.
+     * We require everyone to support setting those fields. Framework will also attempt to set
+     * SMPTE2094_40 and SMPTE2094_10 if available, and it is required to support setting those
+     * if it is possible to get them. If a device's Composer implementation supports a field,
+     * it should be supported here. Over time these metadata fields will be moved out of
+     * Composer/BufferQueue/etc. and into the buffer's Metadata fields.
      *
      * @param buffer Buffer receiving desired metadata
      * @param standardMetadataType StandardMetadataType for the metadata value being set
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp
index 6ab11a3..326346c 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/stable-c/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperStableC_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
+#include <android/binder_enums.h>
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/dlext.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/IMapper.h>
@@ -66,6 +67,24 @@
     int64_t verticalSubSampling;
 };
 
+constexpr const char* STANDARD_METADATA_NAME =
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common.StandardMetadataType";
+
+static bool isStandardMetadata(AIMapper_MetadataType metadataType) {
+    return strcmp(STANDARD_METADATA_NAME, metadataType.name) == 0;
+}
+
+static std::string toString(const std::vector<StandardMetadataType> types) {
+    std::stringstream buf;
+    buf << "[";
+    for (auto type : types) {
+        buf << toString(type) << ", ";
+    }
+    buf.seekp(-2, buf.cur);
+    buf << "]";
+    return buf.str();
+}
+
 class BufferHandle {
     AIMapper* mIMapper;
     buffer_handle_t mHandle = nullptr;
@@ -1533,8 +1552,187 @@
     auto bufferHandle = buffer->import();
     ASSERT_TRUE(bufferHandle);
     auto value = getStandardMetadata<StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_40>(*bufferHandle);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(value.has_value());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(value->has_value());
+    if (value.has_value()) {
+        EXPECT_FALSE(value->has_value());
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, SupportsRequiredGettersSetters) {
+    auto buffer = allocateGeneric();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer);
+    auto bufferHandle = buffer->import();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferHandle);
+    const AIMapper_MetadataTypeDescription* descriptions = nullptr;
+    size_t descriptionCount = 0;
+    ASSERT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_NONE,
+              mapper()->v5.listSupportedMetadataTypes(&descriptions, &descriptionCount));
+    std::vector<StandardMetadataType> requiredGetters = {
+            StandardMetadataType::BUFFER_ID,
+            StandardMetadataType::NAME,
+            StandardMetadataType::WIDTH,
+            StandardMetadataType::HEIGHT,
+            StandardMetadataType::LAYER_COUNT,
+            StandardMetadataType::PIXEL_FORMAT_REQUESTED,
+            StandardMetadataType::PIXEL_FORMAT_FOURCC,
+            StandardMetadataType::PIXEL_FORMAT_MODIFIER,
+            StandardMetadataType::USAGE,
+            StandardMetadataType::ALLOCATION_SIZE,
+            StandardMetadataType::PROTECTED_CONTENT,
+            StandardMetadataType::COMPRESSION,
+            StandardMetadataType::INTERLACED,
+            StandardMetadataType::CHROMA_SITING,
+            StandardMetadataType::PLANE_LAYOUTS,
+            StandardMetadataType::CROP,
+            StandardMetadataType::DATASPACE,
+            StandardMetadataType::BLEND_MODE,
+            StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2086,
+            StandardMetadataType::CTA861_3,
+    };
+
+    std::vector<StandardMetadataType> requiredSetters = {
+            StandardMetadataType::DATASPACE,
+            StandardMetadataType::BLEND_MODE,
+            StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2086,
+            StandardMetadataType::CTA861_3,
+    };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptionCount; i++) {
+        const auto& it = descriptions[i];
+        if (isStandardMetadata(it.metadataType)) {
+            EXPECT_GT(it.metadataType.value, static_cast<int64_t>(StandardMetadataType::INVALID));
+            EXPECT_LT(it.metadataType.value,
+                      ndk::internal::enum_values<StandardMetadataType>.size());
+
+            if (it.isGettable) {
+                std::erase(requiredGetters,
+                           static_cast<StandardMetadataType>(it.metadataType.value));
+            }
+            if (it.isSettable) {
+                std::erase(requiredSetters,
+                           static_cast<StandardMetadataType>(it.metadataType.value));
+            }
+        } else {
+            EXPECT_NE(nullptr, it.description) << "Non-standard metadata must have a description";
+            int len = strlen(it.description);
+            EXPECT_GE(len, 0) << "Non-standard metadata must have a description";
+        }
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, requiredGetters.size()) << "Missing required getters" << toString(requiredGetters);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, requiredSetters.size()) << "Missing required setters" << toString(requiredSetters);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that verifies that if the optional StandardMetadataTypes have getters, they have
+ * the required setters as well
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, CheckRequiredSettersIfHasGetters) {
+    auto buffer = allocateGeneric();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer);
+    auto bufferHandle = buffer->import();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferHandle);
+    const AIMapper_MetadataTypeDescription* descriptions = nullptr;
+    size_t descriptionCount = 0;
+    ASSERT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_NONE,
+              mapper()->v5.listSupportedMetadataTypes(&descriptions, &descriptionCount));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptionCount; i++) {
+        const auto& it = descriptions[i];
+        if (isStandardMetadata(it.metadataType)) {
+            const auto type = static_cast<StandardMetadataType>(it.metadataType.value);
+            switch (type) {
+                case StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_10:
+                case StandardMetadataType::SMPTE2094_40:
+                    if (it.isGettable) {
+                        EXPECT_TRUE(it.isSettable)
+                                << "Type " << toString(type) << " must be settable if gettable";
+                    }
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, ListSupportedWorks) {
+    auto buffer = allocateGeneric();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer);
+    auto bufferHandle = buffer->import();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferHandle);
+    const AIMapper_MetadataTypeDescription* descriptions = nullptr;
+    size_t descriptionCount = 0;
+    ASSERT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_NONE,
+              mapper()->v5.listSupportedMetadataTypes(&descriptions, &descriptionCount));
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> metadataBuffer;
+    auto get = [&](AIMapper_MetadataType metadataType) -> int32_t {
+        int32_t size = mapper()->v5.getMetadata(*bufferHandle, metadataType, nullptr, 0);
+        if (size >= 0) {
+            metadataBuffer.resize(size);
+            size = mapper()->v5.getMetadata(*bufferHandle, metadataType, metadataBuffer.data(),
+                                            metadataBuffer.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(size, metadataBuffer.size());
+        }
+        return size;
+    };
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < descriptionCount; i++) {
+        const auto& it = descriptions[i];
+        if (!isStandardMetadata(it.metadataType)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!it.isGettable) {
+            EXPECT_FALSE(it.isSettable)
+                    << "StandardMetadata that isn't gettable must not be settable";
+            continue;
+        }
+        EXPECT_GE(get(it.metadataType), 0)
+                << "Get failed for claimed supported getter of "
+                << toString(static_cast<StandardMetadataType>(it.metadataType.value));
+        if (it.isSettable) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_NONE,
+                      mapper()->v5.setMetadata(*bufferHandle, it.metadataType,
+                                               metadataBuffer.data(), metadataBuffer.size()))
+                    << "Failed to set metadata for "
+                    << toString(static_cast<StandardMetadataType>(it.metadataType.value));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, GetMetadataBadValue) {
+    auto get = [this](StandardMetadataType type) -> AIMapper_Error {
+        // This is a _Nonnull parameter, but this is enough obfuscation to fool the linter
+        buffer_handle_t buffer = nullptr;
+        int32_t ret =
+                mapper()->v5.getStandardMetadata(buffer, static_cast<int64_t>(type), nullptr, 0);
+        return (ret < 0) ? (AIMapper_Error)-ret : AIMAPPER_ERROR_NONE;
+    };
+
+    for (auto type : ndk::enum_range<StandardMetadataType>()) {
+        if (type == StandardMetadataType::INVALID) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_BAD_BUFFER, get(type)) << "Wrong error for " << toString(type);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperStableCTests, GetUnsupportedMetadata) {
+    auto buffer = allocateGeneric();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer);
+    auto bufferHandle = buffer->import();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(bufferHandle);
+
+    int result = mapper()->v5.getMetadata(*bufferHandle, {"Fake", 1}, nullptr, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, -result);
+
+    result = mapper()->v5.getStandardMetadata(
+            *bufferHandle, static_cast<int64_t>(StandardMetadataType::INVALID), nullptr, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, -result);
+
+    constexpr int64_t unknownStandardType = ndk::internal::enum_values<StandardMetadataType>.size();
+    result = mapper()->v5.getStandardMetadata(*bufferHandle, unknownStandardType, nullptr, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(AIMAPPER_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED, -result);
 }
 
 std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, std::shared_ptr<IAllocator>>> getIAllocatorsAtLeastVersion(
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index a41f37f..8048e62 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "neuralnetworks_vts_functional_defaults",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "neuralnetworks_float16",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/MultipleEnabledProfilesMode.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/MultipleEnabledProfilesMode.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fad767c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/MultipleEnabledProfilesMode.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.radio.config;
+@Backing(type="int") @JavaDerive(toString=true) @VintfStability
+enum MultipleEnabledProfilesMode {
+  NONE = 0,
+  MEP_A1 = 1,
+  MEP_A2 = 2,
+  MEP_B = 3,
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl
index be4c080..da894cd 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.config/current/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl
@@ -38,4 +38,5 @@
   String atr;
   String eid;
   android.hardware.radio.config.SimPortInfo[] portInfo;
+  android.hardware.radio.config.MultipleEnabledProfilesMode supportedMepMode;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.data/current/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.data/current/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl
index 62f6204..a0792c3 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.data/current/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.data/current/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl
@@ -37,8 +37,12 @@
   int fiveQi;
   android.hardware.radio.data.QosBandwidth downlink;
   android.hardware.radio.data.QosBandwidth uplink;
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use qosFlowIdentifier.
+   */
   byte qfi;
   char averagingWindowMs;
+  int qosFlowIdentifier;
   const byte FLOW_ID_RANGE_MIN = 1;
   const byte FLOW_ID_RANGE_MAX = 63;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl
index 74dc39d..8546be7 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@
 interface IRadioModem {
   oneway void enableModem(in int serial, in boolean on);
   oneway void getBasebandVersion(in int serial);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use getImei(int serial)
+   */
   oneway void getDeviceIdentity(in int serial);
   oneway void getHardwareConfig(in int serial);
   oneway void getModemActivityInfo(in int serial);
@@ -60,4 +63,5 @@
   oneway void setRadioCapability(in int serial, in android.hardware.radio.modem.RadioCapability rc);
   oneway void setRadioPower(in int serial, in boolean powerOn, in boolean forEmergencyCall, in boolean preferredForEmergencyCall);
   oneway void setResponseFunctions(in android.hardware.radio.modem.IRadioModemResponse radioModemResponse, in android.hardware.radio.modem.IRadioModemIndication radioModemIndication);
+  oneway void getImei(in int serial);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl
index af8bbe1..5955439 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@
   oneway void acknowledgeRequest(in int serial);
   oneway void enableModemResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void getBasebandVersionResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in String version);
+  /**
+   * @deprecated use getImeiResponse(RadioResponseInfo responseInfo, ImeiInfo imeiInfo)
+   */
   oneway void getDeviceIdentityResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in String imei, in String imeisv, in String esn, in String meid);
   oneway void getHardwareConfigResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.modem.HardwareConfig[] config);
   oneway void getModemActivityInfoResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.modem.ActivityStatsInfo activityInfo);
@@ -59,4 +62,5 @@
   oneway void sendDeviceStateResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void setRadioCapabilityResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, in android.hardware.radio.modem.RadioCapability rc);
   oneway void setRadioPowerResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  oneway void getImeiResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo responseInfo, in @nullable android.hardware.radio.modem.ImeiInfo imeiInfo);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dda7062
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.modem/current/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.radio.modem;
+@JavaDerive(toString=true) @VintfStability
+parcelable ImeiInfo {
+  @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+  enum ImeiType {
+    PRIMARY = 1,
+    SECONDARY = 2,
+  }
+  ImeiType type;
+  String imei;
+  String svn;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
index 9761900..5aed024 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
@@ -80,4 +80,6 @@
   oneway void setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled(in int serial, in boolean enabled);
   oneway void isN1ModeEnabled(in int serial);
   oneway void setN1ModeEnabled(in int serial, boolean enable);
+  oneway void setLocationPrivacySetting(in int serial, in boolean shareLocation);
+  oneway void getLocationPrivacySetting(in int serial);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl
index 0f017ea..229f3e2 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl
@@ -49,4 +49,5 @@
   oneway void suppSvcNotify(in android.hardware.radio.RadioIndicationType type, in android.hardware.radio.network.SuppSvcNotification suppSvc);
   oneway void voiceRadioTechChanged(in android.hardware.radio.RadioIndicationType type, in android.hardware.radio.RadioTechnology rat);
   oneway void emergencyNetworkScanResult(in android.hardware.radio.RadioIndicationType type, in android.hardware.radio.network.EmergencyRegResult result);
+  oneway void onNetworkInitiatedLocationResult(in android.hardware.radio.RadioIndicationType type, in android.hardware.radio.network.LocationResponseType locationResponseType);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
index c228bc1..ccdfde6 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
@@ -79,4 +79,6 @@
   oneway void setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
   oneway void isN1ModeEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, boolean isEnabled);
   oneway void setN1ModeEnabledResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  oneway void setLocationPrivacySettingResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info);
+  oneway void getLocationPrivacySettingResponse(in android.hardware.radio.RadioResponseInfo info, boolean shareLocation);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/LocationResponseType.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/LocationResponseType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e89a40f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.network/current/android/hardware/radio/network/LocationResponseType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.radio.network;
+@Backing(type="int") @JavaDerive(toString=true) @VintfStability
+enum LocationResponseType {
+  REJECTED = 0,
+  ACCEPTED_NO_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 1,
+  ACCEPTED_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 2,
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl
index 944f1ca..8a61dca 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl
@@ -34,7 +34,15 @@
 package android.hardware.radio.sim;
 @JavaDerive(toString=true) @VintfStability
 parcelable CarrierRestrictions {
-  android.hardware.radio.sim.Carrier[] allowedCarriers;
-  android.hardware.radio.sim.Carrier[] excludedCarriers;
-  boolean allowedCarriersPrioritized;
+    @Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+    enum CarrierRestrictionStatus {
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        NOT_RESTRICTED = 1,
+        RESTRICTED = 2,
+    }
+    android.hardware.radio.sim.Carrier[] allowedCarriers;
+    android.hardware.radio.sim.Carrier[] excludedCarriers;
+    boolean allowedCarriersPrioritized;
+    CarrierRestrictionStatus status;
+    int carrierId;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl
index 2201345..2f2e07b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.radio.sim/current/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl
@@ -41,4 +41,5 @@
   int p2;
   int p3;
   String data;
+  boolean isEs10;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/MultipleEnabledProfilesMode.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/MultipleEnabledProfilesMode.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b18ea0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/MultipleEnabledProfilesMode.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.radio.config;
+
+/**
+ * Multiple Enabled Profiles(MEP) mode is the jointly supported MEP mode. As per section 3.4.1.1 of
+ * GSMA spec SGP.22 v3.0,there are 3 supported MEP modes: MEP-A1, MEP-A2 and MEP-B.
+ * If there is no jointly supported MEP mode, supported MEP mode is set to NONE.
+ */
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+@JavaDerive(toString=true)
+enum MultipleEnabledProfilesMode {
+    /**
+     * If there is no jointly supported MEP mode, set supported MEP mode to NONE.
+     */
+    NONE,
+    /**
+     * In case of MEP-A1, the ISD-R is selected on eSIM port 0 only and profiles are selected on
+     * eSIM ports 1 and higher, with the eSIM port being assigned by the LPA or platform.
+     */
+    MEP_A1,
+    /**
+     * In case of MEP-A2, the ISD-R is selected on eSIM port 0 only and profiles are selected on
+     * eSIM ports 1 and higher, with the eSIM port being assigned by the eUICC.
+     */
+    MEP_A2,
+    /**
+     * In case of MEP-B, profiles are selected on eSIM ports 0 and higher, with the ISD-R being
+     * selectable on any of these eSIM ports.
+     */
+    MEP_B,
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl
index 748660f..73f2954 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/config/SimSlotStatus.aidl
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.hardware.radio.config;
 
+import android.hardware.radio.config.MultipleEnabledProfilesMode;
 import android.hardware.radio.config.SimPortInfo;
 
 @VintfStability
@@ -52,4 +53,8 @@
      * active port in the slot mapping.
      */
     SimPortInfo[] portInfo;
+    /**
+     * Jointly supported Multiple Enabled Profiles(MEP) mode as per SGP.22 V3.0
+     */
+    MultipleEnabledProfilesMode supportedMepMode;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl
index af8ab83..28b4a7f 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/data/NrQos.aidl
@@ -36,9 +36,13 @@
     QosBandwidth downlink;
     QosBandwidth uplink;
     /**
-     * QOS flow identifier of the QOS flow description in the range
-     * (FLOW_ID_RANGE_MIN, FLOW_ID_RANGE_MAX)
+     * @deprecated use qosFlowIdentifier.
      */
     byte qfi;
     char averagingWindowMs;
+    /**
+     * QOS flow identifier of the QOS flow description in the range
+     * (FLOW_ID_RANGE_MIN, FLOW_ID_RANGE_MAX).
+     **/
+    int qosFlowIdentifier;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl
index a5d98d3..2011c53 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.aidl
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@
      * @param serial Serial number of request.
      *
      * Response function is IRadioModemResponse.getDeviceIdentityResponse()
+     * @deprecated use getImei(int serial)
      */
     void getDeviceIdentity(in int serial);
 
@@ -235,4 +236,13 @@
      */
     void setResponseFunctions(in IRadioModemResponse radioModemResponse,
             in IRadioModemIndication radioModemIndication);
+
+    /**
+     * Request the IMEI associated with the radio.
+     *
+     * @param serial : Serial number of request.
+     *
+     * Response function is IRadioModemResponse.getImeiResponse()
+     */
+     void getImei(in int serial);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl
index eca3192..fd4bffb 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModemResponse.aidl
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 import android.hardware.radio.modem.ActivityStatsInfo;
 import android.hardware.radio.modem.HardwareConfig;
 import android.hardware.radio.modem.RadioCapability;
+import android.hardware.radio.modem.ImeiInfo;
 
 /**
  * Interface declaring response functions to solicited radio requests for modem APIs.
@@ -87,6 +88,8 @@
      *   RadioError:NOT_PROVISIONED
      *   RadioError:NO_RESOURCES
      *   RadioError:CANCELLED
+     *   RadioError:REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED
+     * @deprecated use getImeiResponse(RadioResponseInfo responseInfo, ImeiInfo imeiInfo)
      */
     void getDeviceIdentityResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info, in String imei, in String imeisv,
             in String esn, in String meid);
@@ -250,4 +253,20 @@
      *   RadioError:NO_RF_CALIBRATION_INFO
      */
     void setRadioPowerResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
+
+    /**
+     * ImeiInfo to encapsulate the IMEI information from modem. When the return error code
+     * is {@code RadioError:NONE}, {@code imeiInfo} must be non-null, and a valid IMEITYPE,
+     * IMEI and SVN must be filled in {@code imeiInfo}. When the error code is not
+     * {@code RadioError:NONE}, {@code imeiInfo} must be {@code null}.
+     *
+     * @param responseInfo Response info struct containing response type, serial no. and error
+     * @param imeiInfo IMEI information
+     *
+     * Valid errors returned:
+     *   RadioError:NONE
+     *   RadioError:RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE
+     *   RadioError:MODEM_ERR
+     */
+    void getImeiResponse(in RadioResponseInfo responseInfo, in @nullable ImeiInfo imeiInfo);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d25bb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.radio.modem;
+
+/**
+ * ImeiInfo to encapsulate the IMEI information from modem
+ */
+
+@VintfStability
+@JavaDerive(toString=true)
+parcelable ImeiInfo {
+
+    @VintfStability
+    @Backing(type="int")
+    /**
+     * ImeiType enum is used identify the IMEI as primary or secondary as mentioned in GSMA TS.37
+     */
+    enum ImeiType {
+       /**
+        * This is the primary IMEI of the device as mentioned in the GSMA TS.37. In a multi-SIM
+        * device the modem must set one IMEI with this type as mentioned in GSMA TS37_2.2_REQ_8.
+        * A single SIM with one IMEI must by default set that IMEI with this type.
+        */
+       PRIMARY = 1,
+       /** This is not the primary IMEI of the device */
+       SECONDARY = 2,
+    }
+
+    /** Primary or secondary IMEI as mentioned in GSMA spec TS.37 */
+    ImeiType type;
+    /**
+     * IMEI value, see 3gpp spec 23.003 section 6. Note: This primary IMEI mapping must be
+     * permanent throughout the lifetime of the device irrespective of the factory data reset,
+     * SIM activations or swaps.
+     */
+    String imei;
+   /**
+     * IMEI software version, see 3gpp spec 23.003 section 6.
+     */
+    String svn;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
index 4d35742..70427f8 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetwork.aidl
@@ -488,7 +488,11 @@
     /**
      * Set if null encryption and integrity modes are enabled. If the value of enabled is false
      * the modem must not allow any network communications with null ciphering or null integrity
-     * modes. In case of an emergency call, the modem must bypass this setting.
+     * modes.
+     *
+     * In the case when enabled is false, integrity protection for user data is optional, but
+     * ciphering for user data is required. In case of an emergency call, the modem must bypass
+     * this setting.
      *
      * Null ciphering and integrity modes include (but are not limited to):
      * 2G: A5/0
@@ -530,4 +534,30 @@
      * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setN1ModeEnabledResponse()
      */
     void setN1ModeEnabled(in int serial, boolean enable);
+
+    /**
+     * This API updates the current user setting of sharing the location data. This value must be
+     * used by radio before honoring a network initiated location request for non emergency use
+     * cases. The radio shall ignore this setting during emergency call, emergency SMS or emergency
+     * call back modes and continue to provide the location information to the network initiated
+     * location requests.
+     *
+     * @param serial Serial number of request.
+     * @param shareLocation Whether to share location data to the network or not. true means the
+     *         radio is allowed to provide location data for any network initiated locations
+     *         request. false means the radio must not share location data for any network initiated
+     *         location requests for non-emergency use cases.
+     *
+     * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.setLocationPrivacySettingResponse()
+     */
+    void setLocationPrivacySetting(in int serial, in boolean shareLocation);
+
+    /**
+     * Request the current setting of sharing the location data.
+     *
+     * @param serial Serial number of request.
+     *
+     * Response function is IRadioNetworkResponse.getLocationPrivacySettingResponse()
+     */
+    void getLocationPrivacySetting(in int serial);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl
index 47d932d..2891496 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkIndication.aidl
@@ -21,13 +21,14 @@
 import android.hardware.radio.network.BarringInfo;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.CellIdentity;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.CellInfo;
+import android.hardware.radio.network.EmergencyRegResult;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.LinkCapacityEstimate;
+import android.hardware.radio.network.LocationResponseType;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.NetworkScanResult;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.PhoneRestrictedState;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.PhysicalChannelConfig;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.SignalStrength;
 import android.hardware.radio.network.SuppSvcNotification;
-import android.hardware.radio.network.EmergencyRegResult;
 
 /**
  * Interface declaring unsolicited radio indications for network APIs.
@@ -199,4 +200,13 @@
      * @param result the result of the Emergency Network Scan
      */
     void emergencyNetworkScanResult(in RadioIndicationType type, in EmergencyRegResult result);
+
+    /**
+     * Reports the result of the network initiated location request.
+     *
+     * @param type Type of radio indication
+     * @param locationResponseType result of the network initiated location request.
+     */
+    void onNetworkInitiatedLocationResult(
+            in RadioIndicationType type, in LocationResponseType locationResponseType);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
index 3802bd6..3fa6521 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/IRadioNetworkResponse.aidl
@@ -654,4 +654,26 @@
      *   RadioError:INVALID_STATE
      */
     void setN1ModeEnabledResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
+
+    /**
+     * @param info Response info struct containing response type, serial no. and error
+     *
+     * Valid errors returned:
+     *   RadioError:NONE
+     *   RadioError:RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE
+     *   RadioError:INTERNAL_ERR
+     */
+    void setLocationPrivacySettingResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info);
+
+    /**
+     * @param info Response info struct containing response type, serial no. and error
+     * @param shareLocation Indicates whether the location sharing is allowed or not, True if
+     *         allowed else false.
+     *
+     * Valid errors returned:
+     *   RadioError:NONE
+     *   RadioError:RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE
+     *   RadioError:INTERNAL_ERR
+     */
+    void getLocationPrivacySettingResponse(in RadioResponseInfo info, boolean shareLocation);
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/LocationResponseType.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/LocationResponseType.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c502d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/network/LocationResponseType.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.radio.network;
+
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+@JavaDerive(toString=true)
+enum LocationResponseType {
+    /**
+     * Network initiated Location request rejected by modem because the user has not given
+     * permission for this use case
+     */
+    REJECTED = 0,
+    /**
+     * Network initiated Location request is accepted by modem however no location information has
+     * been shared to network due to a failure
+     */
+    ACCEPTED_NO_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 1,
+    /**
+     * Network initiated Location request is accepted and location information is provided to the
+     * network by modem
+     */
+    ACCEPTED_LOCATION_PROVIDED = 2,
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl
index 3dce907..5a79f0f 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/CarrierRestrictions.aidl
@@ -21,6 +21,22 @@
 @VintfStability
 @JavaDerive(toString=true)
 parcelable CarrierRestrictions {
+    @VintfStability
+    @Backing(type="int")
+    /** This enum defines the carrier restriction status values */
+    enum CarrierRestrictionStatus {
+       /**
+        * Carrier restriction status value is unknown, used in cases where modem is dependent on
+        * external module to know about the lock status and the module hasn’t yet provided the lock
+        * status. For example, when the lock status is maintained on a cloud server and device has
+        * just booted after out of box and not yet connected to the internet.
+        */
+        UNKNOWN = 0,
+        /** There is no carrier restriction on the device */
+        NOT_RESTRICTED = 1,
+        /** The device is restricted to a carrier */
+        RESTRICTED = 2,
+    }
     /**
      * Allowed carriers
      */
@@ -40,4 +56,11 @@
      * and not in the allowed list.
      */
     boolean allowedCarriersPrioritized;
+    /** Current restriction status as defined in CarrierRestrictionStatus enum */
+    CarrierRestrictionStatus status;
+    /**
+    * Android carrier ID of the locked carrier.
+    * see https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/carrierid
+    */
+    int carrierId;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl
index 43adbbc..4759e2e 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl
+++ b/radio/aidl/android/hardware/radio/sim/SimApdu.aidl
@@ -49,4 +49,9 @@
      * In hex string format ([a-fA-F0-9]*)
      */
     String data;
+    /**
+     * isEs10 indicates that the current streaming APDU contains an ES10 command or it is a regular
+     * APDU. (As per spec SGP.22 V3.0, ES10 commands needs to be sent over command port of MEP-A1)
+     */
+    boolean isEs10;
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/structs.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/structs.cpp
index cc6dcbc..22cde6b 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/structs.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/data/structs.cpp
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
             .fiveQi = qos.fiveQi,
             .downlink = toAidl(qos.downlink),
             .uplink = toAidl(qos.uplink),
-            .qfi = static_cast<int8_t>(qos.qfi),
+            .qosFlowIdentifier = static_cast<int8_t>(qos.qfi),
             .averagingWindowMs = qos.averagingWindowMs,
     };
 }
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h
index beb1fb0..54bedd8 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioModem.h
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus enableModem(int32_t serial, bool on) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getBasebandVersion(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getDeviceIdentity(int32_t serial) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getImei(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getHardwareConfig(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getModemActivityInfo(int32_t serial) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getModemStackStatus(int32_t serial) override;
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
index f9f3c6c..b446103 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/RadioNetwork.h
@@ -104,6 +104,9 @@
 
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled(int32_t serial, bool enabled) override;
 
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setLocationPrivacySetting(int32_t serial, bool shareLocation) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getLocationPrivacySetting(int32_t serial) override;
+
   protected:
     std::shared_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::radio::network::IRadioNetworkResponse> respond();
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp
index d28b940..f088b10 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/modem/RadioModem.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <libradiocompat/RadioModem.h>
-
+#include "commonStructs.h"
 #include "debug.h"
 #include "structs.h"
 
@@ -49,6 +49,13 @@
     return ok();
 }
 
+ScopedAStatus RadioModem::getImei(int32_t serial) {
+    LOG_CALL << serial;
+    LOG(ERROR) << " getImei is unsupported by HIDL HALs";
+    respond()->getImeiResponse(notSupported(serial), {});
+    return ok();
+}
+
 ScopedAStatus RadioModem::getHardwareConfig(int32_t serial) {
     LOG_CALL << serial;
     mHal1_5->getHardwareConfig(serial);
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
index 005deae..730b5dd 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/network/RadioNetwork.cpp
@@ -360,4 +360,18 @@
     respond()->setN1ModeEnabledResponse(notSupported(serial));
     return ok();
 }
+
+ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::setLocationPrivacySetting(int32_t serial, bool /*shareLocation*/) {
+    LOG_CALL << serial;
+    LOG(ERROR) << " setLocationPrivacySetting is unsupported by HIDL HALs";
+    respond()->setLocationPrivacySettingResponse(notSupported(serial));
+    return ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus RadioNetwork::getLocationPrivacySetting(int32_t serial) {
+    LOG_CALL << serial;
+    LOG(ERROR) << " getLocationPrivacySetting is unsupported by HIDL HALs";
+    respond()->getLocationPrivacySettingResponse(notSupported(serial), false);
+    return ok();
+}
 }  // namespace android::hardware::radio::compat
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp
index 20b44c5..050b2c8 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_response.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,13 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getImeiResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                   const std::optional<ImeiInfo>& /*imeiInfo*/) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_modem.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioModemResponse::getHardwareConfigResponse(
         const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<HardwareConfig>& /*config*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
index f88da13..c00b238 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_test.cpp
@@ -188,6 +188,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * Test IRadioModem.getImei() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioModemTest, getImei) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "getImei";
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    radio_modem->getImei(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardStatus::STATE_ABSENT) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_modem->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::EMPTY_RECORD}));
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "getImei finished";
+}
+
+/*
  * Test IRadioModem.nvReadItem() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_P(RadioModemTest, nvReadItem) {
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h
index 49e1891..d2f5a10 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_modem_utils.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/BnRadioModemIndication.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/BnRadioModemResponse.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/IRadioModem.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/radio/modem/ImeiInfo.h>
 
 #include "radio_aidl_hal_utils.h"
 
@@ -52,6 +53,9 @@
                                                          const std::string& esn,
                                                          const std::string& meid) override;
 
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getImeiResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+            const std::optional<ImeiInfo>& config) override;
+
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getHardwareConfigResponse(
             const RadioResponseInfo& info, const std::vector<HardwareConfig>& config) override;
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp
index ae3bd4b..7178982 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_indication.cpp
@@ -97,3 +97,8 @@
         RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const EmergencyRegResult& /*result*/) {
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkIndication::onNetworkInitiatedLocationResult(
+        RadioIndicationType /*type*/, LocationResponseType /*locationResponseType*/) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
index c890df0..4f0e4f3 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_response.cpp
@@ -313,3 +313,17 @@
     parent_network.notify(info.serial);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::setLocationPrivacySettingResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus RadioNetworkResponse::getLocationPrivacySettingResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool /*shareLocation*/) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    parent_network.notify(info.serial);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
index 5872eb0..e7a48bc 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_test.cpp
@@ -1961,3 +1961,21 @@
                  RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::NONE}));
     }
 }
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadioNetwork.setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_P(RadioNetworkTest, setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled";
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    radio_network->setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled(serial, false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_network->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+            radioRsp_network->rspInfo.error,
+            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR}));
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "setNullCipherAndIntegrityEnabled finished";
+}
diff --git a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
index e6a320b..92dcb1f 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/vts/radio_network_utils.h
@@ -166,6 +166,12 @@
             const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool isEnabled) override;
 
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setN1ModeEnabledResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus setLocationPrivacySettingResponse(
+            const RadioResponseInfo& info) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus getLocationPrivacySettingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+                                                                 bool shareLocation) override;
 };
 
 /* Callback class for radio network indication */
@@ -223,6 +229,9 @@
 
     virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus emergencyNetworkScanResult(
             RadioIndicationType type, const EmergencyRegResult& result) override;
+
+    virtual ndk::ScopedAStatus onNetworkInitiatedLocationResult(
+            RadioIndicationType type, LocationResponseType locationResponseType) override;
 };
 
 // The main test class for Radio AIDL Network.
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/Android.bp b/secure_element/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6450eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.secure_element",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/secure_element/*.aidl"],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    backend: {
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        java: {
+            sdk_version: "system_current",
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.secure_element-V1-ndk",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fba29ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElement {
+  void closeChannel(in byte channelNumber);
+  byte[] getAtr();
+  void init(in android.hardware.secure_element.ISecureElementCallback clientCallback);
+  boolean isCardPresent();
+  byte[] openBasicChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+  android.hardware.secure_element.LogicalChannelResponse openLogicalChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+  void reset();
+  byte[] transmit(in byte[] data);
+  const int FAILED = 1;
+  const int CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE = 2;
+  const int NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR = 3;
+  const int UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION = 4;
+  const int IOERROR = 5;
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2be2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElementCallback {
+  void onStateChange(in boolean connected, in String debugReason);
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e7f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+@VintfStability
+parcelable LogicalChannelResponse {
+  byte channelNumber;
+  byte[] selectResponse;
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5a704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+
+import android.hardware.secure_element.ISecureElementCallback;
+import android.hardware.secure_element.LogicalChannelResponse;
+
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElement {
+    const int FAILED = 1;
+    const int CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE = 2;
+    const int NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR = 3;
+    const int UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION = 4;
+    const int IOERROR = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the channel indicated by the channelNumber.
+     *
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException Closing a channel must return
+     *     FAILED on an error or if a basic channel (i.e. channel 0)
+     *     is used.
+     *
+     * @param channelNumber to be closed
+     */
+    void closeChannel(in byte channelNumber);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns Answer to Reset as per ISO/IEC 7816
+     *
+     * @return containing the response. Empty vector if Secure Element
+     *                  doesn't support ATR.
+     */
+    byte[] getAtr();
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the Secure Element. This may include updating the applet
+     * and/or vendor-specific initialization.
+     *
+     * HAL service must send onStateChange() with connected equal to true
+     * after all the initialization has been successfully completed.
+     * Clients must wait for a onStateChange(true) before opening channels.
+     *
+     * @param clientCallback callback used to sent status of the SE back to the
+     *                       client
+     */
+    void init(in ISecureElementCallback clientCallback);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current state of the card.
+     *
+     * This is useful for removable Secure Elements like UICC,
+     * Secure Elements on SD cards etc.
+     *
+     * @return true if present, false otherwise
+     */
+    boolean isCardPresent();
+
+    /**
+     * Opens a basic channel with the Secure Element, selecting the applet
+     * represented by the Application ID (AID). A basic channel has channel
+     * number 0.
+     *
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException with codes
+     *  - CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE if secure element has reached the maximum
+     *    limit on the number of channels it can support.
+     *  - NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR if AID provided doesn't match any applet
+     *    on the secure element.
+     *  - UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if operation provided by the P2 parameter
+     *    is not permitted by the applet.
+     *  - IOERROR if there was an error communicating with the Secure Element.
+     *
+     * @param aid AID to uniquely identify the applet on the Secure Element
+     * @param p2 P2 parameter of SELECT APDU as per ISO 7816-4
+     *
+     * @return On success, response to SELECT command.
+     */
+    byte[] openBasicChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+
+    /**
+     * Opens a logical channel with the Secure Element, selecting the applet
+     * represented by the Application ID (AID).
+     *
+     * @param aid AID to uniquely identify the applet on the Secure Element
+     * @param p2 P2 parameter of SELECT APDU as per ISO 7816-4
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException on error with the following code:
+     *  - CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE if secure element has reached the maximum
+     *    limit on the number of channels it can support.
+     *  - NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR if AID provided doesn't match any applet
+     *    on the secure element.
+     *  - UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if operation provided by the P2 parameter
+     *    is not permitted by the applet.
+     *  - IOERROR if there was an error communicating with the Secure Element.
+     *
+     * @return On success, response to SELECT command
+     */
+    LogicalChannelResponse openLogicalChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the Secure Element.
+     *
+     * HAL should trigger reset to the secure element. It could hardware power cycle or
+     * a soft reset depends on the hardware design.
+     * HAL service must send onStateChange() with connected equal to true
+     * after resetting and all the re-initialization has been successfully completed.
+     */
+    void reset();
+
+    /**
+     * Transmits an APDU command (as per ISO/IEC 7816) to the SE.
+     *
+     * @param data APDU command to be sent
+     * @return response to the command
+     */
+    byte[] transmit(in byte[] data);
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d15a7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElementCallback {
+    /**
+     * Used to inform the client about changes in the state of the Secure
+     * Element.
+     *
+     * @param connected indicates the current state of the SE
+     * @param reason provides additional data why there was a change in state
+     *               ex. initialization error, SE removed etc
+     *               This is used only for debugging purpose to understand
+     *               in-field issues.
+     */
+    void onStateChange(in boolean connected, in String debugReason);
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ea71e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+
+@VintfStability
+parcelable LogicalChannelResponse {
+    /**
+     * Channel number to uniquely identify the channel
+     */
+    byte channelNumber;
+    /**
+     * Response to SELECT command as per ISO/IEC 7816
+     */
+    byte[] selectResponse;
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp b/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1bb393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.secure_element-service.example",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    vendor: true,
+    init_rc: ["secure_element.rc"],
+    vintf_fragments: ["secure_element.xml"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "android.hardware.secure_element-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "main.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/main.cpp b/secure_element/aidl/default/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16b8236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/BnSecureElement.h>
+
+#include <android-base/hex.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::BnSecureElement;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::ISecureElementCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::LogicalChannelResponse;
+using android::base::HexString;
+using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kAndroidTestAid = {0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x76, 0x41,
+                                                     0x6E, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x64,
+                                                     0x43, 0x54, 0x53, 0x31};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kLongAndroidTestAid = {0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x76, 0x41,
+                                                         0x6E, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x64,
+                                                         0x43, 0x54, 0x53, 0x32};
+
+class MySecureElement : public BnSecureElement {
+  public:
+    ScopedAStatus closeChannel(int8_t channelNumber) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " channel number: " << channelNumber;
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus getAtr(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__;
+        _aidl_return->clear();
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus init(const std::shared_ptr<ISecureElementCallback>& clientCallback) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " callback: " << clientCallback.get();
+        if (!clientCallback) {
+            return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
+        }
+        mCb = clientCallback;
+        mCb->onStateChange(true, "");
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus isCardPresent(bool* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__;
+        *_aidl_return = true;
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus openBasicChannel(const std::vector<uint8_t>& aid, int8_t p2,
+                                   std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " aid: " << HexString(aid.data(), aid.size()) << " (" << aid.size()
+                  << ") p2 " << p2;
+
+        // TODO(b/123254068) - this is not an implementation of the OMAPI protocol or APDU.
+        // The functionality here is enough to exercise the framework, but actual
+        // calls to the secure element will fail. This implementation does not model
+        // channel isolation or any other aspects important to implementing secure element.
+        *_aidl_return = {0x90, 0x00, 0x00};  // DO NOT COPY
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus openLogicalChannel(
+            const std::vector<uint8_t>& aid, int8_t p2,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::LogicalChannelResponse* _aidl_return)
+            override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " aid: " << HexString(aid.data(), aid.size()) << " (" << aid.size()
+                  << ") p2 " << p2;
+
+        if (aid != kAndroidTestAid && aid != kLongAndroidTestAid) {
+            return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        *_aidl_return = LogicalChannelResponse{.channelNumber = 1, .selectResponse = {}};
+
+        // TODO(b/123254068) - this is not an implementation of the OMAPI protocol or APDU.
+        // The functionality here is enough to exercise the framework, but actual
+        // calls to the secure element will fail. This implementation does not model
+        // channel isolation or any other aspects important to implementing secure element.
+        if (aid == kAndroidTestAid) {                                 // DO NOT COPY
+            size_t size = 2050;                                       // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse.resize(size);                // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse[size - 1] = 0x00;            // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse[size - 2] = 0x90;            // DO NOT COPY
+        } else {                                                      // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse = {0x00, 0x00, 0x90, 0x00};  // DO NOT COPY
+        }                                                             // DO NOT COPY
+
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " sending response: "
+                  << HexString(_aidl_return->selectResponse.data(),
+                               _aidl_return->selectResponse.size());
+
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus reset() override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__;
+        mCb->onStateChange(false, "reset");
+        mCb->onStateChange(true, "reset");
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus transmit(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                           std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " data: " << HexString(data.data(), data.size()) << " ("
+                  << data.size() << ")";
+
+        // TODO(b/123254068) - this is not an implementation of the OMAPI protocol or APDU.
+        // The functionality here is enough to exercise the framework, but actual
+        // calls to the secure element will fail. This implementation does not model
+        // channel isolation or any other aspects important to implementing secure element.
+
+        std::string hex = HexString(data.data(), data.size());                    // DO NOT COPY
+        if (hex == "01a4040210a000000476416e64726f696443545331") {                // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x00, 0x6A, 0x00};                                   // DO NOT COPY
+        } else if (data == std::vector<uint8_t>{0x00, 0xF4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}) {  // DO NOT COPY
+            // CHECK_SELECT_P2_APDU w/ channel 1 // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x00, 0x90, 0x00};                                   // DO NOT COPY
+        } else if (data == std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01, 0xF4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}) {  // DO NOT COPY
+            // CHECK_SELECT_P2_APDU w/ channel 1 // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x00, 0x90, 0x00};             // DO NOT COPY
+        } else if (data.size() == 5 || data.size() == 8) {  // DO NOT COPY
+            // SEGMENTED_RESP_APDU - happens to use length 5 and 8 // DO NOT COPY
+            size_t size = (data[2] << 8 | data[3]) + 2;       // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->resize(size);                       // DO NOT COPY
+            (*_aidl_return)[size - 1] = 0x00;                 // DO NOT COPY
+            (*_aidl_return)[size - 2] = 0x90;                 // DO NOT COPY
+            if (size >= 3) (*_aidl_return)[size - 3] = 0xFF;  // DO NOT COPY
+        } else {                                              // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x90, 0x00, 0x00};               // DO NOT COPY
+        }                                                     // DO NOT COPY
+
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::shared_ptr<ISecureElementCallback> mCb;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
+
+    auto se = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MySecureElement>();
+    const std::string name = std::string() + BnSecureElement::descriptor + "/eSE1";
+    binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(se->asBinder().get(), name.c_str());
+    CHECK_EQ(status, STATUS_OK);
+
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.rc b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d21666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.secure_element /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.secure_element-service.example
+    class hal
+    user nobody
+    group nobody
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.xml b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96ab2e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.secure_element</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <fqname>ISecureElement/eSE1</fqname>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp b/secure_element/aidl/vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a85a8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/BnSecureElementCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::BnSecureElementCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::ISecureElement;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::LogicalChannelResponse;
+using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+using ndk::SpAIBinder;
+using testing::ElementsAre;
+using testing::ElementsAreArray;
+
+#define EXPECT_OK(status)                                                \
+    do {                                                                 \
+        auto status_impl = (status);                                     \
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status_impl.isOk()) << status_impl.getDescription(); \
+    } while (false)
+
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kDataApdu = {0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kAndroidTestAid = {0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x76, 0x41,
+                                                     0x6E, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x64,
+                                                     0x43, 0x54, 0x53, 0x31};
+
+class MySecureElementCallback : public BnSecureElementCallback {
+  public:
+    ScopedAStatus onStateChange(bool state, const std::string& debugReason) override {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(m);
+            (void)debugReason;
+            history.push_back(state);
+        }
+        cv.notify_one();
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    };
+
+    void expectCallbackHistory(std::vector<bool>&& want) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(m);
+        cv.wait_for(l, 2s, [&]() { return history.size() >= want.size(); });
+        EXPECT_THAT(history, ElementsAreArray(want));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::mutex m;  // guards history
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    std::vector<bool> history;
+};
+
+class SecureElementAidl : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        SpAIBinder binder = SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str()));
+        se = ISecureElement::fromBinder(binder);
+        ASSERT_NE(se, nullptr);
+
+        cb = SharedRefBase::make<MySecureElementCallback>();
+        EXPECT_OK(se->init(cb));
+
+        cb->expectCallbackHistory({true});
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ISecureElement> se;
+    std::shared_ptr<MySecureElementCallback> cb;
+};
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, isCardPresent) {
+    bool res = false;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->isCardPresent(&res));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(res);
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, transmit) {
+    LogicalChannelResponse response;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->openLogicalChannel(kAndroidTestAid, 0x00, &response));
+
+    EXPECT_GE(response.selectResponse.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_GE(response.channelNumber, 1);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> command = kDataApdu;
+    command[0] |= response.channelNumber;
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> transmitResponse;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->transmit(command, &transmitResponse));
+
+    EXPECT_LE(transmitResponse.size(), 3);
+    EXPECT_GE(transmitResponse.size(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transmitResponse[transmitResponse.size() - 1], 0x00);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transmitResponse[transmitResponse.size() - 2], 0x90);
+
+    EXPECT_OK(se->closeChannel(response.channelNumber));
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, openBasicChannel) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> response;
+    auto status = se->openBasicChannel(kAndroidTestAid, 0x00, &response);
+
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(), ISecureElement::CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE)
+                << status.getDescription();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_GE(response.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_OK(se->closeChannel(0));
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, getAtr) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> atr;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->getAtr(&atr));
+    if (atr.size() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    EXPECT_LE(atr.size(), 32u);
+    EXPECT_GE(atr.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, openCloseLogicalChannel) {
+    LogicalChannelResponse response;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->openLogicalChannel(kAndroidTestAid, 0x00, &response));
+    EXPECT_GE(response.selectResponse.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_GE(response.channelNumber, 1);
+    EXPECT_OK(se->closeChannel(response.channelNumber));
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, openInvalidAid) {
+    LogicalChannelResponse response;
+    auto status = se->openLogicalChannel({0x42}, 0x00, &response);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(), ISecureElement::NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR)
+            << status.getDescription();
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, Reset) {
+    cb->expectCallbackHistory({true});
+    EXPECT_OK(se->reset());
+    cb->expectCallbackHistory({true, false, true});
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(SecureElementAidl);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        SecureElement, SecureElementAidl,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(ISecureElement::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl
index 4c2be89..294c205 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@
      * straightforward translation of the KeyMint tag/value parameter lists to ASN.1.
      *
      * KeyDescription ::= SEQUENCE {
-     *     attestationVersion         INTEGER, # Value 200
+     *     attestationVersion         INTEGER, # Value 300
      *     attestationSecurityLevel   SecurityLevel, # See below
-     *     keyMintVersion             INTEGER, # Value 200
+     *     keyMintVersion             INTEGER, # Value 300
      *     keymintSecurityLevel       SecurityLevel, # See below
      *     attestationChallenge       OCTET_STRING, # Tag::ATTESTATION_CHALLENGE from attestParams
      *     uniqueId                   OCTET_STRING, # Empty unless key has Tag::INCLUDE_UNIQUE_ID
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
      *     vendorPatchLevel           [718] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     bootPatchLevel             [719] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     deviceUniqueAttestation    [720] EXPLICIT NULL OPTIONAL,
+     *     attestationIdSecondImei    [723] EXPLICIT OCTET_STRING OPTIONAL,
      * }
      */
     Certificate[] certificateChain;
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
index f4c0095..ea4ba18 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
@@ -892,6 +892,7 @@
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(result == ErrorCode::CANNOT_ATTEST_IDS || result == ErrorCode::INVALID_TAG)
                 << "result = " << result;
+        device_id_attestation_vsr_check(result);
     }
     CheckedDeleteKey(&attest_key.keyBlob);
 }
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp
index cd140c8..26dc3f5 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp
@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@
         // Add the tag that doesn't match the local device's real ID.
         builder.push_back(invalid_tag);
         auto result = GenerateKey(builder, &key_blob, &key_characteristics);
-
         ASSERT_TRUE(result == ErrorCode::CANNOT_ATTEST_IDS || result == ErrorCode::INVALID_TAG);
+        device_id_attestation_vsr_check(result);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
index 80abd92..43ad30a 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
@@ -2031,6 +2031,16 @@
     *signingKey = std::move(pubKey);
 }
 
+void device_id_attestation_vsr_check(const ErrorCode& result) {
+    if (get_vsr_api_level() >= 34) {
+        ASSERT_FALSE(result == ErrorCode::INVALID_TAG)
+                << "It is a specification violation for INVALID_TAG to be returned due to ID "
+                << "mismatch in a Device ID Attestation call. INVALID_TAG is only intended to "
+                << "be used for a case where updateAad() is called after update(). As of "
+                << "VSR-14, this is now enforced as an error.";
+    }
+}
+
 }  // namespace test
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
index 67e8b21..5b09ca5 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
@@ -395,6 +395,7 @@
 void check_maced_pubkey(const MacedPublicKey& macedPubKey, bool testMode,
                         vector<uint8_t>* payload_value);
 void p256_pub_key(const vector<uint8_t>& coseKeyData, EVP_PKEY_Ptr* signingKey);
+void device_id_attestation_vsr_check(const ErrorCode& result);
 
 AuthorizationSet HwEnforcedAuthorizations(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& key_characteristics);
 AuthorizationSet SwEnforcedAuthorizations(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& key_characteristics);
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
index 97fe08a..6d9c8c9 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
@@ -181,15 +181,6 @@
         return params;
     }
 
-    void checkMacedPubkeyVersioned(const MacedPublicKey& macedPubKey, bool testMode,
-                                   vector<uint8_t>* payload_value) {
-        if (rpcHardwareInfo.versionNumber >= VERSION_WITHOUT_TEST_MODE) {
-            check_maced_pubkey(macedPubKey, false, payload_value);
-        } else {
-            check_maced_pubkey(macedPubKey, testMode, payload_value);
-        }
-    }
-
   protected:
     std::shared_ptr<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent> provisionable_;
     RpcHardwareInfo rpcHardwareInfo;
@@ -279,7 +270,7 @@
     auto status = provisionable_->generateEcdsaP256KeyPair(testMode, &macedPubKey, &privateKeyBlob);
     ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     vector<uint8_t> coseKeyData;
-    checkMacedPubkeyVersioned(macedPubKey, testMode, &coseKeyData);
+    check_maced_pubkey(macedPubKey, testMode, &coseKeyData);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -302,7 +293,7 @@
     auto status = provisionable_->generateEcdsaP256KeyPair(testMode, &macedPubKey, &privateKeyBlob);
     ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     vector<uint8_t> coseKeyData;
-    checkMacedPubkeyVersioned(macedPubKey, testMode, &coseKeyData);
+    check_maced_pubkey(macedPubKey, testMode, &coseKeyData);
 
     AttestationKey attestKey;
     attestKey.keyBlob = std::move(privateKeyBlob);
@@ -357,7 +348,7 @@
     bool testMode = true;
     auto status = provisionable_->generateEcdsaP256KeyPair(testMode, &macedPubKey, &privateKeyBlob);
     ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    checkMacedPubkeyVersioned(macedPubKey, testMode, nullptr);
+    check_maced_pubkey(macedPubKey, testMode, nullptr);
 }
 
 class CertificateRequestTestBase : public VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests {
@@ -382,7 +373,7 @@
             ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
 
             vector<uint8_t> payload_value;
-            checkMacedPubkeyVersioned(key, testMode, &payload_value);
+            check_maced_pubkey(key, testMode, &payload_value);
             cborKeysToSign_.add(cppbor::EncodedItem(payload_value));
         }
     }
@@ -401,8 +392,16 @@
         CertificateRequestTestBase::SetUp();
 
         if (rpcHardwareInfo.versionNumber >= VERSION_WITHOUT_TEST_MODE) {
-            GTEST_SKIP() << "This test case only applies to RKP v1 and v2. "
-                         << "RKP version discovered: " << rpcHardwareInfo.versionNumber;
+            bytevec keysToSignMac;
+            DeviceInfo deviceInfo;
+            ProtectedData protectedData;
+            auto status = provisionable_->generateCertificateRequest(
+                    false, {}, {}, {}, &deviceInfo, &protectedData, &keysToSignMac);
+            if (!status.isOk() && (status.getServiceSpecificError() ==
+                                   BnRemotelyProvisionedComponent::STATUS_REMOVED)) {
+                GTEST_SKIP() << "This test case applies to RKP v3+ only if "
+                             << "generateCertificateRequest() is implemented.";
+            }
         }
     }
 };
@@ -769,30 +768,17 @@
 }
 
 /**
- * Generate a non-empty certificate request in prod mode, with test keys.  Test mode must be
- * ignored, i.e. test must pass.
+ * Generate a non-empty certificate request in prod mode, with test keys.  Must fail with
+ * STATUS_TEST_KEY_IN_PRODUCTION_REQUEST.
  */
 TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, NonEmptyRequest_testKeyInProdCert) {
     generateKeys(true /* testMode */, 1 /* numKeys */);
 
     bytevec csr;
     auto status = provisionable_->generateCertificateRequestV2(keysToSign_, challenge_, &csr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
-}
-
-/**
- * Call generateCertificateRequest(). Make sure it's removed.
- */
-TEST_P(CertificateRequestV2Test, CertificateRequestV1Removed) {
-    generateTestEekChain(2);
-    bytevec keysToSignMac;
-    DeviceInfo deviceInfo;
-    ProtectedData protectedData;
-    auto status = provisionable_->generateCertificateRequest(
-            true /* testMode */, {} /* keysToSign */, testEekChain_.chain, challenge_, &deviceInfo,
-            &protectedData, &keysToSignMac);
     ASSERT_FALSE(status.isOk()) << status.getMessage();
-    EXPECT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(), BnRemotelyProvisionedComponent::STATUS_REMOVED);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(),
+              BnRemotelyProvisionedComponent::STATUS_TEST_KEY_IN_PRODUCTION_REQUEST);
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_REM_PROV_AIDL_TEST(CertificateRequestV2Test);
diff --git a/security/rkp/CHANGELOG.md b/security/rkp/CHANGELOG.md
index 29b1a1c..715cf28 100644
--- a/security/rkp/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/security/rkp/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -27,14 +27,20 @@
     `"android.hardward.security.keymint"`).
 * ProtectedData has been removed.
 * DeviceInfo
-  * `version` has moved to a top-level field within the CSR generated by the HAL
+  * `version` has moved to a top-level field within the CSR generated by the HAL.
 * IRemotelyProvisionedComponent
   * The need for an EEK has been removed. There is no longer an encrypted portion of the CSR.
-  * Test mode has been removed.
+  * Keys for new CSR format must be generated with test mode set to false, effectively removing test
+    mode in the new CSR flow. Old behavior is kept unchanged for backwards compatibility.
   * The schema for the CSR itself has been significantly simplified, please see
     IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl for more details. Notably,
     * the chain of signing, MACing, and encryption operations has been replaced with a single
       COSE_Sign1 object.
     * CertificateType has been added to identify the type of certificate being requested.
+    * The structure has been composed to enable a clear split between what is required to validate a
+      payload and the implementation-defined payload itself. This is done by creating a typed
+      `AuthenticatedRequest<T>` object representing the top level data required to authenticate
+      the data provided in the payload, `T`.
 * RpcHardwareInfo
   * `supportedNumKeysInCsr` added to report the maximum number of keys supported in a CSR.
+  * `supportedEekCurve` is no longer used, due to the removal of the EEK from the scheme.
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/Android.bp b/security/rkp/aidl/Android.bp
index 4c479f4..5285477 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@
     backend: {
         java: {
             min_sdk_version: "33",
+            apex_available: [
+                "//apex_available:platform",
+                "com.android.rkpd",
+            ],
         },
         rust: {
             enabled: true,
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl b/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
index 78969d1..5485db3 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
@@ -132,11 +132,7 @@
      * generateKeyPair generates a new ECDSA P-256 key pair that can be attested by the remote
      * server.
      *
-     * @param in boolean testMode this field is now deprecated. It is ignored by the implementation
-     *        in v3, but retained to simplify backwards compatibility support. V1 and V2
-     *        implementations must still respect the testMode flag.
-     *
-     *        testMode indicates whether the generated key is for testing only. Test keys
+     * @param in boolean testMode indicates whether the generated key is for testing only. Test keys
      *        are marked (see the definition of PublicKey in the MacedPublicKey structure) to
      *        prevent them from being confused with production keys.
      *
@@ -150,8 +146,8 @@
     byte[] generateEcdsaP256KeyPair(in boolean testMode, out MacedPublicKey macedPublicKey);
 
     /**
-     * This method has been removed in version 3 of the HAL. The header is kept around for
-     * backwards compatibility purposes. From v3, this method should raise a
+     * This method can be removed in version 3 of the HAL. The header is kept around for
+     * backwards compatibility purposes. From v3, this method is allowed to raise a
      * ServiceSpecificException with an error code of STATUS_REMOVED.
      *
      * For v1 and v2 implementations:
@@ -306,7 +302,9 @@
      *
      * @param in MacedPublicKey[] keysToSign contains the set of keys to certify. The
      *        IRemotelyProvisionedComponent must validate the MACs on each key.  If any entry in the
-     *        array lacks a valid MAC, the method must return STATUS_INVALID_MAC.
+     *        array lacks a valid MAC, the method must return STATUS_INVALID_MAC.  This method must
+     *        not accept test keys. If any entry in the array is a test key, the method must return
+     *        STATUS_TEST_KEY_IN_PRODUCTION_REQUEST.
      *
      * @param in challenge contains a byte string from the provisioning server which will be
      *        included in the signed data of the CSR structure. Different provisioned backends may
@@ -345,20 +343,20 @@
      * ]
      *
      * ; COSE_Sign1 (untagged)
-     * SignedData<T> = [
+     * SignedData<Data> = [
      *     protected: bstr .cbor { 1 : AlgorithmEdDSA / AlgorithmES256 },
      *     unprotected: {},
-     *     payload: bstr .cbor T / nil,
-     *     signature: bstr         ; PureEd25519(CDI_Leaf_Priv, bstr .cbor SignedDataSigStruct<T>) /
-     *                             ; ECDSA(CDI_Leaf_Priv, bstr .cbor SignedDataSigStruct<T>)
+     *     payload: bstr .cbor Data / nil,
+     *     signature: bstr      ; PureEd25519(CDI_Leaf_Priv, bstr .cbor SignedDataSigStruct<Data>) /
+     *                          ; ECDSA(CDI_Leaf_Priv, bstr .cbor SignedDataSigStruct<Data>)
      * ]
      *
      * ; Sig_structure for SignedData
-     * SignedDataSigStruct<T> = [
+     * SignedDataSigStruct<Data> = [
      *     context: "Signature1",
      *     protected: bstr .cbor { 1 : AlgorithmEdDSA / AlgorithmES256 },
      *     external_aad: bstr .size 0,
-     *     payload: bstr .cbor T
+     *     payload: bstr .cbor Data / nil,
      * ]
      *
      * ; UdsCerts allows the platform to provide additional certifications for the UDS_Pub. For
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/RpcHardwareInfo.aidl b/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/RpcHardwareInfo.aidl
index 5fe5b00..d0b059d 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/RpcHardwareInfo.aidl
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/RpcHardwareInfo.aidl
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@
     const int CURVE_25519 = 2;
 
     /**
-     * Implementation version of the remotely provisioned component hardware.  The version number is
-     * implementation defined, and not necessarily globally meaningful.  The version is used to
-     * distinguish between different versions of a given implementation.
+     * Implementation version of the remotely provisioned component hardware. The version provided
+     * here must match the version reported in the CsrPayload produced by the HAL interface. This
+     * field primarily acts as a convenience for the system components interacting with the HALs.
      */
     int versionNumber;
 
@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@
     @utf8InCpp String rpcAuthorName;
 
     /**
+     * NOTE: This field is no longer used as of version 3 of the HAL interface. This is because the
+     *       Endpoint Encryption Key is no longer used in the provisioning scheme.
+     *
      * supportedEekCurve returns an int representing which curve is supported for validating
      * signatures over the Endpoint Encryption Key certificate chain and for using the corresponding
      * signed encryption key in ECDH. Only one curve should be supported, with preference for 25519
diff --git a/sensors/aidl/convert/Android.bp b/sensors/aidl/convert/Android.bp
index 8e2146d..d47de8e 100644
--- a/sensors/aidl/convert/Android.bp
+++ b/sensors/aidl/convert/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.sensors-V1-convert",
     vendor_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
     srcs: ["convert.cpp"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp b/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp
index 62193d6..3bdd8b6 100644
--- a/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp
+++ b/sensors/aidl/default/Sensor.cpp
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
     EventPayload::Vec3 vec3 = {
             .x = 0,
             .y = 0,
-            .z = -9.8,
+            .z = 9.8,
             .status = SensorStatus::ACCURACY_HIGH,
     };
     payload.set<EventPayload::Tag::vec3>(vec3);
diff --git a/sensors/common/default/2.X/Sensor.cpp b/sensors/common/default/2.X/Sensor.cpp
index fd701fd..2c1cdfb 100644
--- a/sensors/common/default/2.X/Sensor.cpp
+++ b/sensors/common/default/2.X/Sensor.cpp
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 void AccelSensor::readEventPayload(EventPayload& payload) {
     payload.vec3.x = 0;
     payload.vec3.y = 0;
-    payload.vec3.z = -9.8;
+    payload.vec3.z = 9.8;
     payload.vec3.status = SensorStatus::ACCURACY_HIGH;
 }
 
diff --git a/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/HalProxy.cpp b/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/HalProxy.cpp
index f44f5c4..31a17db 100644
--- a/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/HalProxy.cpp
+++ b/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/HalProxy.cpp
@@ -82,8 +82,11 @@
 }
 
 HalProxy::HalProxy() {
-    const char* kMultiHalConfigFile = "/vendor/etc/sensors/hals.conf";
-    initializeSubHalListFromConfigFile(kMultiHalConfigFile);
+    static const std::string kMultiHalConfigFiles[] = {"/vendor/etc/sensors/hals.conf",
+                                                       "/odm/etc/sensors/hals.conf"};
+    for (const std::string& configFile : kMultiHalConfigFiles) {
+        initializeSubHalListFromConfigFile(configFile.c_str());
+    }
     init();
 }
 
diff --git a/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/tests/fake_subhal/Sensor.cpp b/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/tests/fake_subhal/Sensor.cpp
index f5745c5..a0bb67a 100644
--- a/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/tests/fake_subhal/Sensor.cpp
+++ b/sensors/common/default/2.X/multihal/tests/fake_subhal/Sensor.cpp
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@
     event.timestamp = ::android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
     event.u.vec3.x = 0;
     event.u.vec3.y = 0;
-    event.u.vec3.z = -9.815;
+    event.u.vec3.z = 9.815;
     event.u.vec3.status = SensorStatus::ACCURACY_HIGH;
     events.push_back(event);
     return events;
diff --git a/tv/hdmi/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.hdmi/current/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl b/tv/hdmi/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.hdmi/current/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl
index a5e3a2a..25c3be1 100644
--- a/tv/hdmi/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.hdmi/current/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl
+++ b/tv/hdmi/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.hdmi/current/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl
@@ -38,5 +38,6 @@
   int portId;
   boolean cecSupported;
   boolean arcSupported;
+  boolean eArcSupported;
   int physicalAddress;
 }
diff --git a/tv/hdmi/aidl/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl b/tv/hdmi/aidl/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl
index 1d6f27d..2e2c858 100644
--- a/tv/hdmi/aidl/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl
+++ b/tv/hdmi/aidl/android/hardware/tv/hdmi/HdmiPortInfo.aidl
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
     int portId; // Should start from 1 which corresponds to HDMI "port 1".
     boolean cecSupported;
     boolean arcSupported;
+    boolean eArcSupported;
     // The physical address of the device connected to this port, valid range is 0x0000 to 0xFFFF
     // (ref Sec 8.7.2 of HDMI 1.4b).
     int physicalAddress;
diff --git a/tv/hdmi/aidl/default/HdmiMock.cpp b/tv/hdmi/aidl/default/HdmiMock.cpp
index 0cf5118..bbc4705 100644
--- a/tv/hdmi/aidl/default/HdmiMock.cpp
+++ b/tv/hdmi/aidl/default/HdmiMock.cpp
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@
                      .portId = static_cast<uint32_t>(1),
                      .cecSupported = true,
                      .arcSupported = false,
+                     .eArcSupported = false,
                      .physicalAddress = mPhysicalAddress};
     mPortConnectionStatus[0] = false;
     mDeathRecipient = ndk::ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient(AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(serviceDied));
diff --git a/tv/tuner/OWNERS b/tv/tuner/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83e090d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tv/tuner/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Bug component: 136752
+
+quxiangfang@google.com
+shubang@google.com
+hgchen@google.com
+raychin@google.com
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl
index 371e075..8dfc60e 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl
@@ -38,4 +38,5 @@
   int scIndex;
   int scAvc;
   int scHevc;
+  int scVvc;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl
index 30ec29a..fb4430b 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl
@@ -39,4 +39,5 @@
   SC = 1,
   SC_HEVC = 2,
   SC_AVC = 3,
+  SC_VVC = 4,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxScVvcIndex.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxScVvcIndex.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e08d26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxScVvcIndex.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.tv.tuner;
+/* @hide */
+@Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+enum DemuxScVvcIndex {
+  UNDEFINED = 0,
+  SLICE_IDR_W_RADL = 1,
+  SLICE_IDR_N_LP = 2,
+  SLICE_CRA = 4,
+  SLICE_GDR = 8,
+  VPS = 16,
+  SPS = 32,
+  AUD = 64,
+}
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
index 0ff2da9..5d1d215 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
@@ -47,4 +47,5 @@
   void setLna(in boolean bEnable);
   void setMaxNumberOfFrontends(in android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendType frontendType, in int maxNumber);
   int getMaxNumberOfFrontends(in android.hardware.tv.tuner.FrontendType frontendType);
+  boolean isLnaSupported();
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl
index 9dfd686..dbb6033 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.tv.tuner/current/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl
@@ -48,4 +48,5 @@
   AV1 = 10,
   AVS = 11,
   AVS2 = 12,
+  VVC = 13,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl
index 4036b06..d53bc5b 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxFilterScIndexMask.aidl
@@ -39,4 +39,9 @@
      * Indexes defined by DemuxScHevcIndex.
      */
     int scHevc;
+
+    /**
+     * Indexes defined by DemuxScVvcIndex.
+     */
+    int scVvc;
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl
index 98427f7..265b978 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxRecordScIndexType.aidl
@@ -42,4 +42,9 @@
      * Use Start Code index for AVC
      */
     SC_AVC,
+
+    /**
+     * Use Start Code index for VVC
+     */
+    SC_VVC,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxScVvcIndex.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxScVvcIndex.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b47f62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/DemuxScVvcIndex.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.tv.tuner;
+
+/**
+ * Indexes can be tagged by start point of slice groups according to ISO/IEC 23090-3.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum DemuxScVvcIndex {
+    UNDEFINED = 0,
+
+    /**
+     * Coded slice of an IDR picture or subpicture with RADL pictures.
+     */
+    SLICE_IDR_W_RADL = 1 << 0,
+
+    /**
+     * Coded slice of an IDR picture or subpicture without leading pictures.
+     */
+    SLICE_IDR_N_LP = 1 << 1,
+
+    /**
+     * Coded slice of a CRA (clean random access) picture or subpicture.
+     */
+    SLICE_CRA = 1 << 2,
+
+    /**
+     * Coded slice of a GDR (gradual decoder refresh) picture or subpicture.
+     */
+    SLICE_GDR = 1 << 3,
+
+    /**
+     * Video parameter set (non-VCL NALU).
+     */
+    VPS = 1 << 4,
+
+    /**
+     * Sequence parameter set (non-VCL NALU).
+     */
+    SPS = 1 << 5,
+
+    /**
+     * Access unit delimiter (non-VCL NALU).
+     */
+    AUD = 1 << 6,
+}
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
index 03def33..4a0b7a2 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/ITuner.aidl
@@ -125,6 +125,9 @@
     /**
      * Enable or Disable Low Noise Amplifier (LNA).
      *
+     * If the device doesn't support LNA, the HAL implement should set {@link Result#UNAVAILABLE}
+     * to EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC as the service specific error.
+     *
      * @param bEnable true if activate LNA module; false if deactivate LNA
      */
     void setLna(in boolean bEnable);
@@ -148,4 +151,11 @@
      * @return the maximum usable number of the queried frontend type.
      */
     int getMaxNumberOfFrontends(in FrontendType frontendType);
+
+    /**
+     * Is Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) supported.
+     *
+     * @return true if supported, otherwise false
+     */
+    boolean isLnaSupported();
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl
index 108d986..bd000d2 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/android/hardware/tv/tuner/VideoStreamType.aidl
@@ -84,4 +84,9 @@
      * New Chinese Standard
      */
     AVS2,
+
+    /*
+     * ITU-T Rec. H.266 and ISO/IEC 23090-3
+     */
+    VVC,
 }
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp
index 591f936..8c715a0 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.cpp
@@ -204,6 +204,13 @@
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus Tuner::isLnaSupported(bool* _aidl_return) {
+    ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
+
+    *_aidl_return = true;
+    return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
 binder_status_t Tuner::dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
     {
diff --git a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h
index ad73003..a77c930 100644
--- a/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h
+++ b/tv/tuner/aidl/default/Tuner.h
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
                                                  int32_t in_maxNumber) override;
     ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getMaxNumberOfFrontends(FrontendType in_frontendType,
                                                  int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isLnaSupported(bool* _aidl_return) override;
 
     binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
 
diff --git a/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/ComplianceWarning.aidl b/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/ComplianceWarning.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b67070
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/ComplianceWarning.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.usb;
+@Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+enum ComplianceWarning {
+  OTHER = 1,
+  DEBUG_ACCESSORY = 2,
+  BC_1_2 = 3,
+  MISSING_RP = 4,
+}
diff --git a/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/IUsb.aidl b/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/IUsb.aidl
index f866c1e..859f526 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/IUsb.aidl
+++ b/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/IUsb.aidl
@@ -41,5 +41,5 @@
   oneway void setCallback(in android.hardware.usb.IUsbCallback callback);
   oneway void switchRole(in String portName, in android.hardware.usb.PortRole role, long transactionId);
   oneway void limitPowerTransfer(in String portName, boolean limit, long transactionId);
-  oneway void resetUsbPort(in String portName,long transactionId);
+  oneway void resetUsbPort(in String portName, long transactionId);
 }
diff --git a/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl b/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl
index dfd99fb..b0b7552 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl
+++ b/usb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb/current/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl
@@ -50,4 +50,6 @@
   android.hardware.usb.UsbDataStatus[] usbDataStatus;
   boolean powerTransferLimited;
   android.hardware.usb.PowerBrickStatus powerBrickStatus;
+  boolean supportsComplianceWarnings = false;
+  android.hardware.usb.ComplianceWarning[] complianceWarnings = {};
 }
diff --git a/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/ComplianceWarning.aidl b/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/ComplianceWarning.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c18a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/ComplianceWarning.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.usb;
+
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+/**
+ * Indicates the potential non-compliance reasons for the
+ * connected USB Type-C port partner which could be a power
+ * source, accessory or cable. Applicable for USB-C receptacles
+ * in Android devices.
+ */
+enum ComplianceWarning {
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate Type-C sources/cables/accessories/ports
+     * whose issue is not listed below but do not meet
+     * specification requirements from including but not limited to
+     * USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification, Universal Serial Bus
+     * Power Delivery Specification, and Universal Serial Bus
+     * 1.x/2.0/3.x/4.0.
+     */
+    OTHER = 1,
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate Type-C port partner
+     * (cable/accessory/source) that identifies itself as debug
+     * accessory source as defined in USB Type-C Cable and
+     * Connector Specification. However, the specification
+     * states that this is meant for debug only and shall not
+     * be used for with commercial products.
+     */
+    DEBUG_ACCESSORY = 2,
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate Type-C port partner that does not
+     * identify itself as one of the charging port types
+     * (SDP/CDP/DCP etc) as defined by Battery Charging v1.2
+     * Specification.
+     */
+    BC_1_2 = 3,
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate Type-C sources/cables that are missing
+     * pull up resistors on the CC pins as required by USB
+     * Type-C Cable and Connector Specification.
+     */
+    MISSING_RP = 4,
+}
diff --git a/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl b/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl
index 51bee71..d7e61ec 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl
+++ b/usb/aidl/android/hardware/usb/PortStatus.aidl
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.hardware.usb.ContaminantDetectionStatus;
 import android.hardware.usb.ContaminantProtectionMode;
 import android.hardware.usb.ContaminantProtectionStatus;
+import android.hardware.usb.ComplianceWarning;
 import android.hardware.usb.PortDataRole;
 import android.hardware.usb.PortMode;
 import android.hardware.usb.PortPowerRole;
@@ -115,4 +116,15 @@
      * Denotes whether Power brick is connected.
      */
     PowerBrickStatus powerBrickStatus;
+    /**
+     * True if the hal implementation can support identifying
+     * non compliant USB power source/cable/accessory. False other
+     * otherwise.
+     */
+    boolean supportsComplianceWarnings = false;
+    /**
+     * List of reasons as to why the attached USB
+     * power source/cable/accessory is non compliant.
+     */
+    ComplianceWarning[] complianceWarnings = {};
 }
diff --git a/usb/aidl/default/Android.bp b/usb/aidl/default/Android.bp
index ad331f9..472e732 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/usb/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
         "Usb.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.usb-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.usb-V2-ndk",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libcutils",
diff --git a/usb/aidl/default/Usb.cpp b/usb/aidl/default/Usb.cpp
index 7e738c4..dd12da0 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/default/Usb.cpp
+++ b/usb/aidl/default/Usb.cpp
@@ -123,6 +123,15 @@
     return Status::SUCCESS;
 }
 
+Status queryNonCompliantChargerStatus(std::vector<PortStatus> *currentPortStatus) {
+    string reasons, path;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < currentPortStatus->size(); i++) {
+        (*currentPortStatus)[i].supportsComplianceWarnings = false;
+    }
+    return Status::SUCCESS;
+}
+
 string appendRoleNodeHelper(const string &portName, PortRole::Tag tag) {
     string node(kTypecPath + portName);
 
@@ -527,6 +536,7 @@
     pthread_mutex_lock(&usb->mLock);
     status = getPortStatusHelper(currentPortStatus);
     queryMoistureDetectionStatus(currentPortStatus);
+    queryNonCompliantChargerStatus(currentPortStatus);
     if (usb->mCallback != NULL) {
         ScopedAStatus ret = usb->mCallback->notifyPortStatusChange(*currentPortStatus,
             status);
diff --git a/usb/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb-service.example.xml b/usb/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb-service.example.xml
index 6088194..c3f07f5 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb-service.example.xml
+++ b/usb/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb-service.example.xml
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <manifest version="1.0" type="device">
     <hal format="aidl">
         <name>android.hardware.usb</name>
-        <version>1</version>
+        <version>2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IUsb</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/usb/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/usb/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 00a7c93..d0e0eec 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/usb/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.usb-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.usb-V2-ndk",
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
diff --git a/usb/aidl/vts/VtsAidlUsbTargetTest.cpp b/usb/aidl/vts/VtsAidlUsbTargetTest.cpp
index ea2f985..c4ec8a4 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/vts/VtsAidlUsbTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/usb/aidl/vts/VtsAidlUsbTargetTest.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #define TIMEOUT_PERIOD 10
 
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::BnUsbCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::ComplianceWarning;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::IUsb;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::IUsbCallback;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::PortDataRole;
@@ -560,6 +561,53 @@
   ALOGI("UsbAidlTest resetUsbPort end");
 }
 
+/*
+ * Test charger compliance warning
+ * The test asserts that complianceWarnings is
+ * empty when the feature is not supported. i.e.
+ * supportsComplianceWarning is false.
+ */
+TEST_P(UsbAidlTest, nonCompliantChargerStatus) {
+    ALOGI("UsbAidlTest nonCompliantChargerStatus start");
+    int64_t transactionId = rand() % 10000;
+    const auto& ret = usb->queryPortStatus(transactionId);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, usb_last_cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transactionId, last_transactionId);
+
+    if (!usb_last_port_status.supportsComplianceWarnings) {
+      EXPECT_TRUE(usb_last_port_status.complianceWarnings.empty());
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("UsbAidlTest nonCompliantChargerStatus end");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test charger compliance warning values
+ * The test asserts that complianceWarning values
+ * are valid.
+ */
+TEST_P(UsbAidlTest, nonCompliantChargerValues) {
+    ALOGI("UsbAidlTest nonCompliantChargerValues start");
+    int64_t transactionId = rand() % 10000;
+    const auto& ret = usb->queryPortStatus(transactionId);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, usb_last_cookie);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transactionId, last_transactionId);
+
+    // Current compliance values range from [1, 4]
+    if (usb_last_port_status.supportsComplianceWarnings) {
+      for (auto warning : usb_last_port_status.complianceWarnings) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE((int)warning >= (int)ComplianceWarning::OTHER);
+        EXPECT_TRUE((int)warning <= (int)ComplianceWarning::MISSING_RP);
+      }
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("UsbAidlTest nonCompliantChargerValues end");
+}
+
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(UsbAidlTest);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         PerInstance, UsbAidlTest,
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/Android.bp b/usb/gadget/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb8560a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.usb.gadget",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/usb/gadget/*.aidl"],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    backend: {
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        java: {
+            sdk_version: "module_current",
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3f26d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+@VintfStability
+parcelable GadgetFunction {
+  const long NONE = 0;
+  const long ADB = 1;
+  const long ACCESSORY = 2;
+  const long MTP = 4;
+  const long MIDI = 8;
+  const long PTP = 16;
+  const long RNDIS = 32;
+  const long AUDIO_SOURCE = 64;
+  const long NCM = 1024;
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef45f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+@VintfStability
+interface IUsbGadget {
+  oneway void setCurrentUsbFunctions(in long functions, in android.hardware.usb.gadget.IUsbGadgetCallback callback, in long timeoutMs, long transactionId);
+  oneway void getCurrentUsbFunctions(in android.hardware.usb.gadget.IUsbGadgetCallback callback, long transactionId);
+  oneway void getUsbSpeed(in android.hardware.usb.gadget.IUsbGadgetCallback callback, long transactionId);
+  oneway void reset();
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8672a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+@VintfStability
+interface IUsbGadgetCallback {
+  oneway void getCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(in long functions, in android.hardware.usb.gadget.Status status, long transactionId);
+  oneway void getUsbSpeedCb(in android.hardware.usb.gadget.UsbSpeed speed, long transactionId);
+  oneway void setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(in long functions, in android.hardware.usb.gadget.Status status, long transactionId);
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/Status.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/Status.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdcf685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/Status.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+@Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+enum Status {
+  SUCCESS = 0,
+  ERROR = 1,
+  FUNCTIONS_APPLIED = 2,
+  FUNCTIONS_NOT_APPLIED = 3,
+  CONFIGURATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4,
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/UsbSpeed.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/UsbSpeed.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f54ee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.usb.gadget/current/android/hardware/usb/gadget/UsbSpeed.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+@Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+enum UsbSpeed {
+  UNKNOWN = 0,
+  LOWSPEED = 1,
+  FULLSPEED = 2,
+  HIGHSPEED = 3,
+  SUPERSPEED = 4,
+  SUPERSPEED_10Gb = 5,
+  SUPERSPEED_20Gb = 6,
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18b31b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+
+@VintfStability
+parcelable GadgetFunction {
+    /**
+     * Removes all the functions and pulls down the gadget.
+     */
+    const long NONE = 0;
+    /**
+     * Android Debug Bridge function.
+     */
+    const long ADB = 1;
+    /**
+     * Android open accessory protocol function.
+     */
+    const long ACCESSORY = 2;
+    /**
+     * Media Transfer protocol function.
+     */
+    const long MTP = 4;
+    /**
+     * Peripheral mode USB Midi function.
+     */
+    const long MIDI = 8;
+    /**
+     * Picture transfer protocol function.
+     */
+    const long PTP = 16;
+    /**
+     * Tethering function.
+     */
+    const long RNDIS = 32;
+    /**
+     * AOAv2.0 - Audio Source function.
+     */
+    const long AUDIO_SOURCE = 64;
+    /**
+     * NCM - NCM function.
+     */
+    const long NCM = 1024;
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d187993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+
+import android.hardware.usb.gadget.GadgetFunction;
+import android.hardware.usb.gadget.IUsbGadgetCallback;
+
+@VintfStability
+oneway interface IUsbGadget {
+    /**
+     * This function is used to set the current USB gadget configuration.
+     * Usb gadget needs to teared down if an USB configuration is already
+     * active.
+     *
+     * @param functions The GadgetFunction bitmap. See GadgetFunction for
+     *                  the value of each bit.
+     * @param callback IUsbGadgetCallback::setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb used to
+     *                 propagate back the status.
+     * @param timeoutMs The maximum time (in milliseconds) within which the
+     *                IUsbGadgetCallback needs to be returned.
+     * @param transactionId ID to be used when invoking the callback.
+     *
+     */
+    void setCurrentUsbFunctions(in long functions, in IUsbGadgetCallback callback,
+        in long timeoutMs, long transactionId);
+
+    /**
+     * This function is used to query the USB functions included in the
+     * current USB configuration.
+     *
+     * @param callback IUsbGadgetCallback::getCurrentUsbFunctionsCb used to
+     *                 propagate the current functions list.
+     * @param transactionId ID to be used when invoking the callback.
+     */
+    void getCurrentUsbFunctions(in IUsbGadgetCallback callback, long transactionId);
+
+    /**
+     * The function is used to query current USB speed.
+     *
+     * @param callback IUsbGadgetCallback::getUsbSpeedCb used to propagate
+     *                 current USB speed.
+     * @param transactionId ID to be used when invoking the callback.
+     */
+    void getUsbSpeed(in IUsbGadgetCallback callback, long transactionId);
+
+    /**
+     * This function is used to reset USB gadget driver.
+     * Performs USB data connection reset. The connection will disconnect and
+     * reconnect.
+     */
+    void reset();
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75ff02b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+
+import android.hardware.usb.gadget.GadgetFunction;
+import android.hardware.usb.gadget.Status;
+import android.hardware.usb.gadget.UsbSpeed;
+
+@VintfStability
+oneway interface IUsbGadgetCallback {
+    /**
+     * Callback function used to propagate the current USB gadget
+     * configuration.
+     * @param functions The GadgetFunction bitmap. See GadgetFunction for
+     *                  the value of each bit.
+     * @param status FUNCTIONS_APPLIED when list of functions have been
+     *                                 applied.
+     *               FUNCTIONS_NOT_APPLIED when the functions have not
+     *                                     been applied.
+     *               ERROR otherwise.
+     * @param transactionId ID to be used when invoking the callback.
+     */
+    void getCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(in long functions, in Status status, long transactionId);
+
+    /**
+     * Used to convey the current USB speed to the caller.
+     * Must be called either when USB state changes due to USB enumeration or
+     * when caller requested for USB speed through getUsbSpeed.
+     *
+     * @param speed USB Speed defined by UsbSpeed showed current USB
+     *              connection speed.
+     * @param transactionId ID to be used when invoking the callback.
+     */
+    void getUsbSpeedCb(in UsbSpeed speed, long transactionId);
+
+    /**
+     * Callback function used to propagate the status of configuration
+     * switch to the caller.
+     *
+     * @param functions list of functions defined by GadgetFunction
+     *                  included in the current USB gadget composition.
+     * @param status SUCCESS when the functions are applied.
+     *               FUNCTIONS_NOT_SUPPORTED when the configuration is
+     *                                       not supported.
+     *               ERROR otherwise.
+     * @param transactionId ID to be used when invoking the callback.
+     */
+    void setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(in long functions, in Status status, long transactionId);
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/Status.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/Status.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d8c3e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/Status.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum Status {
+    SUCCESS = 0,
+    /**
+     * Error value when the HAL operation fails for reasons not listed here.
+     */
+    ERROR = 1,
+    /**
+     * USB configuration applied successfully.
+     */
+    FUNCTIONS_APPLIED = 2,
+    /**
+     * USB confgiuration failed to apply.
+     */
+    FUNCTIONS_NOT_APPLIED = 3,
+    /**
+     * USB configuration not supported.
+     */
+    CONFIGURATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 4,
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/UsbSpeed.aidl b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/UsbSpeed.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0492757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/UsbSpeed.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.usb.gadget;
+
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum UsbSpeed {
+    /**
+     * UNKNOWN - Not Connected or Unsupported Speed
+     */
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    /**
+     * USB Low Speed
+     */
+    LOWSPEED = 1,
+    /**
+     * USB Full Speed
+     */
+    FULLSPEED = 2,
+    /**
+     * USB High Speed
+     */
+    HIGHSPEED = 3,
+    /**
+     * USB Super Speed
+     */
+    SUPERSPEED = 4,
+    /**
+     * USB Super Speed 10Gbps
+     */
+    SUPERSPEED_10Gb = 5,
+    /**
+     * USB Super Speed 20Gbps
+     */
+    SUPERSPEED_20Gb = 6,
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/default/Android.bp b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ea0e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: [
+        "hardware_interfaces_license",
+    ],
+}
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.rc"],
+    vintf_fragments: [
+        "android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.xml",
+    ],
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: ["service_gadget.cpp", "UsbGadget.cpp"],
+    cflags: ["-Wall", "-Werror"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libhardware",
+	"android.hardware.usb.gadget-V1-ndk",
+	"android.frameworks.stats-V1-ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+	"libbinder_ndk",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/default/UsbGadget.cpp b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/UsbGadget.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4986e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/UsbGadget.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.usb.gadget.aidl-service"
+
+#include "UsbGadget.h"
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/frameworks/stats/IStats.h>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace usb {
+namespace gadget {
+
+string enabledPath;
+constexpr char kHsi2cPath[] = "/sys/devices/platform/10d50000.hsi2c";
+constexpr char kI2CPath[] = "/sys/devices/platform/10d50000.hsi2c/i2c-";
+constexpr char kAccessoryLimitCurrent[] = "i2c-max77759tcpc/usb_limit_accessory_current";
+constexpr char kAccessoryLimitCurrentEnable[] = "i2c-max77759tcpc/usb_limit_accessory_enable";
+
+UsbGadget::UsbGadget() : mGadgetIrqPath("") {
+}
+
+Status UsbGadget::getUsbGadgetIrqPath() {
+    std::string irqs;
+    size_t read_pos = 0;
+    size_t found_pos = 0;
+
+    if (!ReadFileToString(kProcInterruptsPath, &irqs)) {
+        ALOGE("cannot read all interrupts");
+        return Status::ERROR;
+    }
+
+    while (true) {
+        found_pos = irqs.find_first_of("\n", read_pos);
+        if (found_pos == std::string::npos) {
+            ALOGI("the string of all interrupts is unexpected");
+            return Status::ERROR;
+        }
+
+        std::string single_irq = irqs.substr(read_pos, found_pos - read_pos);
+
+        if (single_irq.find("dwc3", 0) != std::string::npos) {
+            unsigned int dwc3_irq_number;
+            size_t dwc3_pos = single_irq.find_first_of(":");
+            if (!ParseUint(single_irq.substr(0, dwc3_pos), &dwc3_irq_number)) {
+                ALOGI("unknown IRQ strings");
+                return Status::ERROR;
+            }
+
+            mGadgetIrqPath = kProcIrqPath + single_irq.substr(0, dwc3_pos) + kSmpAffinityList;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (found_pos == irqs.npos) {
+            ALOGI("USB gadget doesn't start");
+            return Status::ERROR;
+        }
+
+        read_pos = found_pos + 1;
+    }
+
+    return Status::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void currentFunctionsAppliedCallback(bool functionsApplied, void *payload) {
+    UsbGadget *gadget = (UsbGadget *)payload;
+    gadget->mCurrentUsbFunctionsApplied = functionsApplied;
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus UsbGadget::getCurrentUsbFunctions(const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+	int64_t in_transactionId) {
+    ScopedAStatus ret = callback->getCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(
+        mCurrentUsbFunctions,
+        mCurrentUsbFunctionsApplied ? Status::FUNCTIONS_APPLIED : Status::FUNCTIONS_NOT_APPLIED,
+	in_transactionId);
+    if (!ret.isOk())
+        ALOGE("Call to getCurrentUsbFunctionsCb failed %s", ret.getDescription().c_str());
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus UsbGadget::getUsbSpeed(const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+	int64_t in_transactionId) {
+    std::string current_speed;
+    if (ReadFileToString(SPEED_PATH, &current_speed)) {
+        current_speed = Trim(current_speed);
+        ALOGI("current USB speed is %s", current_speed.c_str());
+        if (current_speed == "low-speed")
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::LOWSPEED;
+        else if (current_speed == "full-speed")
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::FULLSPEED;
+        else if (current_speed == "high-speed")
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::HIGHSPEED;
+        else if (current_speed == "super-speed")
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::SUPERSPEED;
+        else if (current_speed == "super-speed-plus")
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::SUPERSPEED_10Gb;
+        else if (current_speed == "UNKNOWN")
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::UNKNOWN;
+        else
+            mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::UNKNOWN;
+    } else {
+        ALOGE("Fail to read current speed");
+        mUsbSpeed = UsbSpeed::UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    if (callback) {
+        ScopedAStatus ret = callback->getUsbSpeedCb(mUsbSpeed, in_transactionId);
+
+        if (!ret.isOk())
+            ALOGE("Call to getUsbSpeedCb failed %s", ret.getDescription().c_str());
+    }
+
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+Status UsbGadget::tearDownGadget() {
+    return Status::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus UsbGadget::reset() {
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+Status UsbGadget::setupFunctions(long functions,
+	const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback, uint64_t timeout,
+	int64_t in_transactionId) {
+    bool ffsEnabled = false;
+    if (timeout == 0) {
+	ALOGI("timeout not setup");
+    }
+
+    if ((functions & GadgetFunction::ADB) != 0) {
+        ffsEnabled = true;
+    }
+
+    if ((functions & GadgetFunction::NCM) != 0) {
+        ALOGI("setCurrentUsbFunctions ncm");
+    }
+
+    // Pull up the gadget right away when there are no ffs functions.
+    if (!ffsEnabled) {
+        mCurrentUsbFunctionsApplied = true;
+        if (callback)
+            callback->setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(functions, Status::SUCCESS, in_transactionId);
+        return Status::SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    return Status::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+Status getI2cBusHelper(string *name) {
+    DIR *dp;
+
+    dp = opendir(kHsi2cPath);
+    if (dp != NULL) {
+        struct dirent *ep;
+
+        while ((ep = readdir(dp))) {
+            if (ep->d_type == DT_DIR) {
+                if (string::npos != string(ep->d_name).find("i2c-")) {
+                    std::strtok(ep->d_name, "-");
+                    *name = std::strtok(NULL, "-");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        closedir(dp);
+        return Status::SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    ALOGE("Failed to open %s", kHsi2cPath);
+    return Status::ERROR;
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus UsbGadget::setCurrentUsbFunctions(int64_t functions,
+                                               const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+					       int64_t timeoutMs,
+					       int64_t in_transactionId) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mLockSetCurrentFunction);
+    std::string current_usb_power_operation_mode, current_usb_type;
+    std::string usb_limit_sink_enable;
+
+    string accessoryCurrentLimitEnablePath, accessoryCurrentLimitPath, path;
+
+    mCurrentUsbFunctions = functions;
+    mCurrentUsbFunctionsApplied = false;
+
+    getI2cBusHelper(&path);
+    accessoryCurrentLimitPath = kI2CPath + path + "/" + kAccessoryLimitCurrent;
+    accessoryCurrentLimitEnablePath = kI2CPath + path + "/" + kAccessoryLimitCurrentEnable;
+
+    // Get the gadget IRQ number before tearDownGadget()
+    if (mGadgetIrqPath.empty())
+        getUsbGadgetIrqPath();
+
+    // Unlink the gadget and stop the monitor if running.
+    Status status = tearDownGadget();
+    if (status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("Returned from tearDown gadget");
+
+    // Leave the gadget pulled down to give time for the host to sense disconnect.
+    //usleep(kDisconnectWaitUs);
+
+    if (functions == GadgetFunction::NONE) {
+        if (callback == NULL)
+            return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                -1, "callback == NULL");
+        ScopedAStatus ret = callback->setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(functions, Status::SUCCESS, in_transactionId);
+        if (!ret.isOk())
+            ALOGE("Error while calling setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb %s", ret.getDescription().c_str());
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                -1, "Error while calling setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb");
+    }
+
+    status = setupFunctions(functions, callback, timeoutMs, in_transactionId);
+    if (status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if (functions & GadgetFunction::NCM) {
+        if (!mGadgetIrqPath.empty()) {
+            if (!WriteStringToFile(BIG_CORE, mGadgetIrqPath))
+                ALOGI("Cannot move gadget IRQ to big core, path:%s", mGadgetIrqPath.c_str());
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!mGadgetIrqPath.empty()) {
+            if (!WriteStringToFile(MEDIUM_CORE, mGadgetIrqPath))
+                ALOGI("Cannot move gadget IRQ to medium core, path:%s", mGadgetIrqPath.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ReadFileToString(CURRENT_USB_TYPE_PATH, &current_usb_type))
+        current_usb_type = Trim(current_usb_type);
+
+    if (ReadFileToString(CURRENT_USB_POWER_OPERATION_MODE_PATH, &current_usb_power_operation_mode))
+        current_usb_power_operation_mode = Trim(current_usb_power_operation_mode);
+
+    if (functions & GadgetFunction::ACCESSORY &&
+        current_usb_type == "Unknown SDP [CDP] DCP" &&
+        (current_usb_power_operation_mode == "default" ||
+        current_usb_power_operation_mode == "1.5A")) {
+        if (!WriteStringToFile("1300000", accessoryCurrentLimitPath)) {
+            ALOGI("Write 1.3A to limit current fail");
+        } else {
+            if (!WriteStringToFile("1", accessoryCurrentLimitEnablePath)) {
+                ALOGI("Enable limit current fail");
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!WriteStringToFile("0", accessoryCurrentLimitEnablePath))
+            ALOGI("unvote accessory limit current failed");
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("Usb Gadget setcurrent functions called successfully");
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                -1, "Usb Gadget setcurrent functions called successfully");
+
+
+error:
+    ALOGI("Usb Gadget setcurrent functions failed");
+    if (callback == NULL)
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                -1, "Usb Gadget setcurrent functions failed");
+    ScopedAStatus ret = callback->setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb(functions, status, in_transactionId);
+    if (!ret.isOk())
+        ALOGE("Error while calling setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb %s", ret.getDescription().c_str());
+    return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                -1, "Error while calling setCurrentUsbFunctionsCb");
+}
+}  // namespace gadget
+}  // namespace usb
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // aidl
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/default/UsbGadget.h b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/UsbGadget.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adcfcfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/UsbGadget.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/BnUsbGadget.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/BnUsbGadgetCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/GadgetFunction.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadget.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/usb/gadget/IUsbGadgetCallback.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace usb {
+namespace gadget {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::gadget::GadgetFunction;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::gadget::IUsbGadgetCallback;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::gadget::IUsbGadget;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::gadget::Status;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::gadget::UsbSpeed;
+using ::android::base::GetProperty;
+using ::android::base::SetProperty;
+using ::android::base::ParseUint;
+using ::android::base::unique_fd;
+using ::android::base::ReadFileToString;
+using ::android::base::Trim;
+using ::android::base::WriteStringToFile;
+using ::ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+using ::std::shared_ptr;
+using ::std::string;
+
+constexpr char kGadgetName[] = "11110000.dwc3";
+constexpr char kProcInterruptsPath[] = "/proc/interrupts";
+constexpr char kProcIrqPath[] = "/proc/irq/";
+constexpr char kSmpAffinityList[] = "/smp_affinity_list";
+#ifndef UDC_PATH
+#define UDC_PATH "/sys/class/udc/11110000.dwc3/"
+#endif
+//static MonitorFfs monitorFfs(kGadgetName);
+
+#define SPEED_PATH UDC_PATH "current_speed"
+
+#define BIG_CORE "6"
+#define MEDIUM_CORE "4"
+
+#define POWER_SUPPLY_PATH	"/sys/class/power_supply/usb/"
+#define USB_PORT0_PATH		"/sys/class/typec/port0/"
+
+#define CURRENT_MAX_PATH			POWER_SUPPLY_PATH	"current_max"
+#define CURRENT_USB_TYPE_PATH			POWER_SUPPLY_PATH	"usb_type"
+#define CURRENT_USB_POWER_OPERATION_MODE_PATH	USB_PORT0_PATH		"power_operation_mode"
+
+struct UsbGadget : public BnUsbGadget {
+    UsbGadget();
+
+    // Makes sure that only one request is processed at a time.
+    std::mutex mLockSetCurrentFunction;
+    std::string mGadgetIrqPath;
+    long mCurrentUsbFunctions;
+    bool mCurrentUsbFunctionsApplied;
+    UsbSpeed mUsbSpeed;
+
+    ScopedAStatus setCurrentUsbFunctions(int64_t functions,
+            const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+            int64_t timeoutMs, int64_t in_transactionId) override;
+
+    ScopedAStatus getCurrentUsbFunctions(const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+	    int64_t in_transactionId) override;
+
+    ScopedAStatus reset() override;
+
+    ScopedAStatus getUsbSpeed(const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+	    int64_t in_transactionId) override;
+
+  private:
+    Status tearDownGadget();
+    Status getUsbGadgetIrqPath();
+    Status setupFunctions(long functions, const shared_ptr<IUsbGadgetCallback> &callback,
+            uint64_t timeout, int64_t in_transactionId);
+};
+
+}  // namespace gadget
+}  // namespace usb
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // aidl
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.rc b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2a8cc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.usb_gadget_default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example
+    class hal
+    user system
+    group system
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.xml b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7eebc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/android.hardware.usb.gadget-service.example.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.usb.gadget</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IUsbGadget</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/usb/gadget/aidl/default/service_gadget.cpp b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/service_gadget.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7efbadd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usb/gadget/aidl/default/service_gadget.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include "UsbGadget.h"
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::usb::gadget::UsbGadget;
+int main() {
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
+    std::shared_ptr<UsbGadget> usbgadget = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<UsbGadget>();
+    const std::string instance = std::string() + UsbGadget::descriptor + "/default";
+    binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(usbgadget->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
+    CHECK(status == STATUS_OK);
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+    return -1;
+}
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl b/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl
index 6ec8d57..b9ac7b9 100644
--- a/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl
+++ b/uwb/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.uwb.fira_android/current/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl
@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@
   CCC_SUPPORTED_UWB_CONFIGS = 165,
   CCC_SUPPORTED_PULSE_SHAPE_COMBOS = 166,
   CCC_SUPPORTED_RAN_MULTIPLIER = 167,
+  CCC_SUPPORTED_MAX_RANGING_SESSION_NUMBER = 168,
   SUPPORTED_AOA_RESULT_REQ_ANTENNA_INTERLEAVING = 227,
   SUPPORTED_MIN_RANGING_INTERVAL_MS = 228,
   SUPPORTED_RANGE_DATA_NTF_CONFIG = 229,
   SUPPORTED_RSSI_REPORTING = 230,
   SUPPORTED_DIAGNOSTICS = 231,
   SUPPORTED_MIN_SLOT_DURATION = 232,
+  SUPPORTED_MAX_RANGING_SESSION_NUMBER = 233,
 }
diff --git a/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl b/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl
index b182f9d..a3bb7a6 100644
--- a/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl
+++ b/uwb/aidl/android/hardware/uwb/fira_android/UwbVendorCapabilityTlvTypes.aidl
@@ -139,6 +139,11 @@
     /** Int value for indicating supported ran multiplier */
     CCC_SUPPORTED_RAN_MULTIPLIER = 0xA7,
 
+    /**
+     * Int value to indicate supported max number of ccc ranging sessions
+     */
+    CCC_SUPPORTED_MAX_RANGING_SESSION_NUMBER = 0xA8,
+
     /*********************************************
      * FIRA specific
      ********************************************/
@@ -184,4 +189,9 @@
      * 4 byte value to indicate supported min slot duration in ms.
      */
     SUPPORTED_MIN_SLOT_DURATION = 0xE8,
+
+    /**
+     * Int value to indicate supported max number of fira ranging sessions
+     */
+    SUPPORTED_MAX_RANGING_SESSION_NUMBER = 0xE9,
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/default/main.cpp b/vibrator/aidl/default/main.cpp
index feba2c7..7375889 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/default/main.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -29,15 +29,15 @@
 
     // make a default vibrator service
     auto vib = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Vibrator>();
-    const std::string vibName = std::string() + Vibrator::descriptor + "/default";
-    binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(vib->asBinder().get(), vibName.c_str());
+    binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(
+            vib->asBinder().get(), Vibrator::makeServiceName("default").c_str());
     CHECK_EQ(status, STATUS_OK);
 
     // make the vibrator manager service with a different vibrator
     auto managedVib = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<Vibrator>();
     auto vibManager = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<VibratorManager>(std::move(managedVib));
-    const std::string vibManagerName = std::string() + VibratorManager::descriptor + "/default";
-    status = AServiceManager_addService(vibManager->asBinder().get(), vibManagerName.c_str());
+    status = AServiceManager_addService(vibManager->asBinder().get(),
+                                        VibratorManager::makeServiceName("default").c_str());
     CHECK_EQ(status, STATUS_OK);
 
     ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp b/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..441d461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+soong_config_module_type {
+    name: "wifi_hal_cc_defaults",
+    module_type: "cc_defaults",
+    config_namespace: "wifi",
+    bool_variables: [
+        "hidl_feature_aware", // WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_AWARE
+        "hidl_feature_dual_interface", // WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DUAL_INTERFACE
+        "hidl_feature_disable_ap", // WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP
+        "hidl_feature_disable_ap_mac_randomization", // WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP_MAC_RANDOMIZATION
+        "avoid_iface_reset_mac_change", // WIFI_AVOID_IFACE_RESET_MAC_CHANGE
+    ],
+    value_variables: [
+        "hal_interface_combinations", // WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS
+    ],
+    properties: [
+        "cppflags",
+    ],
+}
+
+wifi_hal_cc_defaults {
+    name: "android.hardware.wifi-service-cppflags-defaults",
+    soong_config_variables: {
+        hidl_feature_aware: {
+            cppflags: ["-DWIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_AWARE"],
+        },
+        hidl_feature_dual_interface: {
+            cppflags: ["-DWIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DUAL_INTERFACE"],
+        },
+        hidl_feature_disable_ap: {
+            cppflags: ["-DWIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP"],
+        },
+        hidl_feature_disable_ap_mac_randomization: {
+            cppflags: ["-DWIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP_MAC_RANDOMIZATION"],
+        },
+        avoid_iface_reset_mac_change: {
+            cppflags: ["-DWIFI_AVOID_IFACE_RESET_MAC_CHANGE"],
+        },
+        hal_interface_combinations: {
+            cppflags: ["-DWIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS=%s"],
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "android.hardware.wifi-service-lib",
+    defaults: ["android.hardware.wifi-service-cppflags-defaults"],
+    proprietary: true,
+    compile_multilib: "first",
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    // Allow implicit fallthroughs in wifi_legacy_hal.cpp until they are fixed.
+    cflags: ["-Wno-error=implicit-fallthrough"],
+    srcs: [
+        "aidl_struct_util.cpp",
+        "aidl_sync_util.cpp",
+        "ringbuffer.cpp",
+        "wifi.cpp",
+        "wifi_ap_iface.cpp",
+        "wifi_chip.cpp",
+        "wifi_feature_flags.cpp",
+        "wifi_iface_util.cpp",
+        "wifi_legacy_hal.cpp",
+        "wifi_legacy_hal_factory.cpp",
+        "wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.cpp",
+        "wifi_mode_controller.cpp",
+        "wifi_nan_iface.cpp",
+        "wifi_p2p_iface.cpp",
+        "wifi_rtt_controller.cpp",
+        "wifi_sta_iface.cpp",
+        "wifi_status_util.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnl",
+        "libutils",
+        "libwifi-hal",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+        "libxml2",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.wifi-service",
+    vintf_fragments: ["android.hardware.wifi-service.xml"],
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    proprietary: true,
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["service.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnl",
+        "libutils",
+        "libwifi-hal",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+        "libxml2",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["android.hardware.wifi-service-lib"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.wifi-service.rc"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.wifi-service-lazy",
+    vintf_fragments: ["android.hardware.wifi-service.xml"],
+    overrides: ["android.hardware.wifi-service"],
+    cflags: ["-DLAZY_SERVICE"],
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    proprietary: true,
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["service.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnl",
+        "libutils",
+        "libwifi-hal",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+        "libxml2",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["android.hardware.wifi-service-lib"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.wifi-service-lazy.rc"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "android.hardware.wifi-service-tests",
+    proprietary: true,
+    compile_multilib: "first",
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "tests/aidl_struct_util_unit_tests.cpp",
+        "tests/main.cpp",
+        "tests/mock_interface_tool.cpp",
+        "tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.cpp",
+        "tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.cpp",
+        "tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.cpp",
+        "tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.cpp",
+        "tests/ringbuffer_unit_tests.cpp",
+        "tests/wifi_nan_iface_unit_tests.cpp",
+        "tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp",
+        "tests/wifi_iface_util_unit_tests.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgmock",
+        "libgtest",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-service-lib",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libnl",
+        "libutils",
+        "libwifi-hal",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "default-android.hardware.wifi-service.rc",
+    srcs: ["android.hardware.wifi-service.rc"],
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "default-android.hardware.wifi-service.xml",
+    srcs: ["android.hardware.wifi-service.xml"],
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/THREADING.README b/wifi/aidl/default/THREADING.README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45679da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/THREADING.README
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+Vendor HAL Threading Model
+==========================
+The vendor HAL service has two threads:
+1. AIDL thread: This is the main thread which processes all the incoming AIDL
+RPC's.
+2. Legacy HAL event loop thread: This is the thread forked off for processing
+the legacy HAL event loop (wifi_event_loop()). This thread is used to process
+any asynchronous netlink events posted by the driver. Any asynchronous
+callbacks passed to the legacy HAL API's are invoked on this thread.
+
+Synchronization Concerns
+========================
+wifi_legacy_hal.cpp has a bunch of global "C" style functions to handle the
+legacy callbacks. Each of these "C" style functions invokes a corresponding
+"std::function" version of the callback which does the actual processing.
+The variables holding these "std::function" callbacks are reset from the AIDL
+thread when they are no longer used. For example: stopGscan() will reset the
+corresponding "on_gscan_*" callback variables which were set when startGscan()
+was invoked. This is not thread safe since these callback variables are
+accesed from the legacy hal event loop thread as well.
+
+Synchronization Solution
+========================
+Adding a global lock seems to be the most trivial solution to the problem.
+a) All of the asynchronous "C" style callbacks will acquire the global lock
+before invoking the corresponding "std::function" callback variables.
+b) All of the AIDL methods will also acquire the global lock before processing
+(in aidl_return_util::validateAndCall()).
+
+Note: It's important that we only acquire the global lock for asynchronous
+callbacks, because there is no guarantee (or documentation to clarify) that the
+synchronous callbacks are invoked on the same invocation thread. If that is not
+the case in some implementation, we will end up deadlocking the system since the
+AIDL thread would have acquired the global lock which is needed by the
+synchronous callback executed on the legacy hal event loop thread.
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_callback_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_callback_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41d70a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_callback_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef AIDL_CALLBACK_UTIL_H_
+#define AIDL_CALLBACK_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <set>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace {
+std::unordered_map<void* /* callback */, void* /* handler */> callback_handler_map_;
+}
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace aidl_callback_util {
+
+// Provides a class to manage callbacks for the various AIDL interfaces and
+// handle the death of the process hosting each callback.
+template <typename CallbackType>
+class AidlCallbackHandler {
+  public:
+    AidlCallbackHandler() {
+        death_handler_ = AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(AidlCallbackHandler::onCallbackDeath);
+    }
+    ~AidlCallbackHandler() { invalidate(); }
+
+    bool addCallback(const std::shared_ptr<CallbackType>& cb) {
+        void* cbPtr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(cb->asBinder().get());
+        const auto& cbPosition = findCbInSet(cbPtr);
+        if (cbPosition != cb_set_.end()) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Duplicate death notification registration";
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (AIBinder_linkToDeath(cb->asBinder().get(), death_handler_, cbPtr /* cookie */) !=
+            STATUS_OK) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to register death notification";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        callback_handler_map_[cbPtr] = reinterpret_cast<void*>(this);
+        cb_set_.insert(cb);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const std::set<std::shared_ptr<CallbackType>>& getCallbacks() { return cb_set_; }
+
+    void invalidate() {
+        for (auto cb : cb_set_) {
+            void* cookie = reinterpret_cast<void*>(cb->asBinder().get());
+            if (AIBinder_unlinkToDeath(cb->asBinder().get(), death_handler_, cookie) != STATUS_OK) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to deregister death notification";
+            }
+            if (!removeCbFromHandlerMap(cookie)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to remove callback from handler map";
+            }
+        }
+        cb_set_.clear();
+    }
+
+    // Entry point for the death handling logic. AIBinder_DeathRecipient
+    // can only call a static function, so use the cookie to find the
+    // proper handler and route the request there.
+    static void onCallbackDeath(void* cookie) {
+        auto cbQuery = callback_handler_map_.find(cookie);
+        if (cbQuery == callback_handler_map_.end()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid death cookie received";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        AidlCallbackHandler* cbHandler = reinterpret_cast<AidlCallbackHandler*>(cbQuery->second);
+        if (cbHandler == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Handler mapping contained an invalid handler";
+            return;
+        }
+        cbHandler->handleCallbackDeath(cbQuery->first);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::set<std::shared_ptr<CallbackType>> cb_set_;
+    AIBinder_DeathRecipient* death_handler_;
+
+    typename std::set<std::shared_ptr<CallbackType>>::iterator findCbInSet(void* cbPtr) {
+        const auto& cbPosition = std::find_if(
+                cb_set_.begin(), cb_set_.end(), [cbPtr](const std::shared_ptr<CallbackType>& p) {
+                    return cbPtr == reinterpret_cast<void*>(p->asBinder().get());
+                });
+        return cbPosition;
+    }
+
+    bool removeCbFromHandlerMap(void* cbPtr) {
+        auto cbQuery = callback_handler_map_.find(cbPtr);
+        if (cbQuery != callback_handler_map_.end()) {
+            callback_handler_map_.erase(cbQuery);
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void handleCallbackDeath(void* cbPtr) {
+        const auto& cbPosition = findCbInSet(cbPtr);
+        if (cbPosition == cb_set_.end()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown callback death notification received";
+            return;
+        }
+        cb_set_.erase(cbPosition);
+
+        if (!removeCbFromHandlerMap(cbPtr)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback was not in callback handler map";
+        }
+    }
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(AidlCallbackHandler);
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl_callback_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // AIDL_CALLBACK_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_return_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_return_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a49a22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_return_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef AIDL_RETURN_UTIL_H_
+#define AIDL_RETURN_UTIL_H_
+
+#include "aidl_sync_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace aidl_return_util {
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiStatusCode;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock;
+
+/**
+ * These utility functions are used to invoke a method on the provided
+ * AIDL interface object.
+ * These functions checks if the provided AIDL interface object is valid.
+ * a) If valid, Invokes the corresponding internal implementation function of
+ * the AIDL method.
+ * b) If invalid, return without calling the internal implementation function.
+ */
+
+// Use for AIDL methods which return only an AIDL status.
+template <typename ObjT, typename WorkFuncT, typename... Args>
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus validateAndCall(ObjT* obj, WifiStatusCode status_code_if_invalid,
+                                     WorkFuncT&& work, Args&&... args) {
+    const auto lock = acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (obj->isValid()) {
+        return (obj->*work)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    } else {
+        return createWifiStatus(status_code_if_invalid);
+    }
+}
+
+// Use for AIDL methods which return only an AIDL status.
+// This version passes the global lock acquired to the body of the method.
+template <typename ObjT, typename WorkFuncT, typename... Args>
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus validateAndCallWithLock(ObjT* obj, WifiStatusCode status_code_if_invalid,
+                                             WorkFuncT&& work, Args&&... args) {
+    auto lock = acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (obj->isValid()) {
+        return (obj->*work)(&lock, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    } else {
+        return createWifiStatus(status_code_if_invalid);
+    }
+}
+
+// Use for AIDL methods which have a return value along with the AIDL status
+template <typename ObjT, typename WorkFuncT, typename ReturnT, typename... Args>
+::ndk::ScopedAStatus validateAndCall(ObjT* obj, WifiStatusCode status_code_if_invalid,
+                                     WorkFuncT&& work, ReturnT* ret_val, Args&&... args) {
+    const auto lock = acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (obj->isValid()) {
+        auto call_pair = (obj->*work)(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        *ret_val = call_pair.first;
+        return std::forward<::ndk::ScopedAStatus>(call_pair.second);
+    } else {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
+                static_cast<int32_t>(status_code_if_invalid));
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl_return_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+#endif  // AIDL_RETURN_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_struct_util.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_struct_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07612b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_struct_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2775 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace aidl_struct_util {
+
+WifiChannelWidthInMhz convertLegacyWifiChannelWidthToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_channel_width type);
+
+std::string safeConvertChar(const char* str, size_t max_len) {
+    const char* c = str;
+    size_t size = 0;
+    while (*c && (unsigned char)*c < 128 && size < max_len) {
+        ++size;
+        ++c;
+    }
+    return std::string(str, size);
+}
+
+inline std::vector<int32_t> uintToIntVec(const std::vector<uint32_t>& in) {
+    return std::vector<int32_t>(in.begin(), in.end());
+}
+
+IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask convertLegacyLoggerFeatureToAidlChipCapability(uint32_t feature) {
+    switch (feature) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_MEMORY_DUMP_SUPPORTED:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_MEMORY_FIRMWARE_DUMP;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_CONNECT_EVENT_SUPPORTED:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_CONNECT_EVENT;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_POWER_EVENT_SUPPORTED:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_POWER_EVENT;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_WAKE_LOCK_SUPPORTED:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_WAKELOCK_EVENT;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
+    return {};
+}
+
+IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask convertLegacyLoggerFeatureToAidlStaIfaceCapability(
+        uint32_t feature) {
+    switch (feature) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_PACKET_FATE_SUPPORTED:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::DEBUG_PACKET_FATE;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
+    return {};
+}
+
+IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask convertLegacyFeatureToAidlChipCapability(uint64_t feature) {
+    switch (feature) {
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_SET_TX_POWER_LIMIT:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_TX_POWER_LIMIT;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_USE_BODY_HEAD_SAR:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::USE_BODY_HEAD_SAR;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_D2D_RTT:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::D2D_RTT;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_D2AP_RTT:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::D2AP_RTT;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_INFRA_60G:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::WIGIG;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_SET_LATENCY_MODE:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_LATENCY_MODE;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_P2P_RAND_MAC:
+            return IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::P2P_RAND_MAC;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
+    return {};
+}
+
+IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask convertLegacyFeatureToAidlStaIfaceCapability(
+        uint64_t feature) {
+    switch (feature) {
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_GSCAN:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::BACKGROUND_SCAN;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_LINK_LAYER_STATS:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::LINK_LAYER_STATS;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_RSSI_MONITOR:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::RSSI_MONITOR;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_CONTROL_ROAMING:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::CONTROL_ROAMING;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_IE_WHITELIST:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::PROBE_IE_ALLOWLIST;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_SCAN_RAND:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::SCAN_RAND;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_INFRA_5G:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::STA_5G;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_HOTSPOT:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::HOTSPOT;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_PNO:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::PNO;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::TDLS;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS_OFFCHANNEL:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::TDLS_OFFCHANNEL;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_CONFIG_NDO:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::ND_OFFLOAD;
+        case WIFI_FEATURE_MKEEP_ALIVE:
+            return IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::KEEP_ALIVE;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy feature: " << feature;
+    return {};
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlChipCapabilities(uint64_t legacy_feature_set,
+                                                 uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set,
+                                                 uint32_t* aidl_caps) {
+    if (!aidl_caps) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_caps = {};
+    for (const auto feature : {legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_MEMORY_DUMP_SUPPORTED,
+                               legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED,
+                               legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_CONNECT_EVENT_SUPPORTED,
+                               legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_POWER_EVENT_SUPPORTED,
+                               legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_WAKE_LOCK_SUPPORTED}) {
+        if (feature & legacy_logger_feature_set) {
+            *aidl_caps |=
+                    static_cast<uint32_t>(convertLegacyLoggerFeatureToAidlChipCapability(feature));
+        }
+    }
+    std::vector<uint64_t> features = {WIFI_FEATURE_SET_TX_POWER_LIMIT,
+                                      WIFI_FEATURE_USE_BODY_HEAD_SAR,
+                                      WIFI_FEATURE_D2D_RTT,
+                                      WIFI_FEATURE_D2AP_RTT,
+                                      WIFI_FEATURE_INFRA_60G,
+                                      WIFI_FEATURE_SET_LATENCY_MODE,
+                                      WIFI_FEATURE_P2P_RAND_MAC};
+    for (const auto feature : features) {
+        if (feature & legacy_feature_set) {
+            *aidl_caps |= static_cast<uint32_t>(convertLegacyFeatureToAidlChipCapability(feature));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // There are no flags for these 3 in the legacy feature set. Adding them to
+    // the set because all the current devices support it.
+    *aidl_caps |=
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA);
+    *aidl_caps |=
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_HOST_WAKE_REASON_STATS);
+    *aidl_caps |= static_cast<uint32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_ERROR_ALERTS);
+    return true;
+}
+
+WifiDebugRingBufferFlags convertLegacyDebugRingBufferFlagsToAidl(uint32_t flag) {
+    switch (flag) {
+        case WIFI_RING_BUFFER_FLAG_HAS_BINARY_ENTRIES:
+            return WifiDebugRingBufferFlags::HAS_BINARY_ENTRIES;
+        case WIFI_RING_BUFFER_FLAG_HAS_ASCII_ENTRIES:
+            return WifiDebugRingBufferFlags::HAS_ASCII_ENTRIES;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy flag: " << flag;
+    return {};
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status& legacy_status,
+        WifiDebugRingBufferStatus* aidl_status) {
+    if (!aidl_status) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_status = {};
+    aidl_status->ringName = safeConvertChar(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(legacy_status.name),
+                                            sizeof(legacy_status.name));
+    aidl_status->flags = 0;
+    for (const auto flag :
+         {WIFI_RING_BUFFER_FLAG_HAS_BINARY_ENTRIES, WIFI_RING_BUFFER_FLAG_HAS_ASCII_ENTRIES}) {
+        if (flag & legacy_status.flags) {
+            aidl_status->flags |= static_cast<std::underlying_type<WifiDebugRingBufferFlags>::type>(
+                    convertLegacyDebugRingBufferFlagsToAidl(flag));
+        }
+    }
+    aidl_status->ringId = legacy_status.ring_id;
+    aidl_status->sizeInBytes = legacy_status.ring_buffer_byte_size;
+    // Calculate free size of the ring the buffer. We don't need to send the
+    // exact read/write pointers that were there in the legacy HAL interface.
+    if (legacy_status.written_bytes >= legacy_status.read_bytes) {
+        aidl_status->freeSizeInBytes = legacy_status.ring_buffer_byte_size -
+                                       (legacy_status.written_bytes - legacy_status.read_bytes);
+    } else {
+        aidl_status->freeSizeInBytes = legacy_status.read_bytes - legacy_status.written_bytes;
+    }
+    aidl_status->verboseLevel = legacy_status.verbose_level;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status>& legacy_status_vec,
+        std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>* aidl_status_vec) {
+    if (!aidl_status_vec) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_status_vec = {};
+    for (const auto& legacy_status : legacy_status_vec) {
+        WifiDebugRingBufferStatus aidl_status;
+        if (!convertLegacyDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(legacy_status, &aidl_status)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_status_vec->push_back(aidl_status);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWakeReasonStatsToAidl(const legacy_hal::WakeReasonStats& legacy_stats,
+                                        WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats* aidl_stats) {
+    if (!aidl_stats) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_stats = {};
+    aidl_stats->totalCmdEventWakeCnt = legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.total_cmd_event_wake;
+    aidl_stats->cmdEventWakeCntPerType = uintToIntVec(legacy_stats.cmd_event_wake_cnt);
+    aidl_stats->totalDriverFwLocalWakeCnt = legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.total_driver_fw_local_wake;
+    aidl_stats->driverFwLocalWakeCntPerType = uintToIntVec(legacy_stats.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt);
+    aidl_stats->totalRxPacketWakeCnt = legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.total_rx_data_wake;
+    aidl_stats->rxPktWakeDetails.rxUnicastCnt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_details.rx_unicast_cnt;
+    aidl_stats->rxPktWakeDetails.rxMulticastCnt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_details.rx_multicast_cnt;
+    aidl_stats->rxPktWakeDetails.rxBroadcastCnt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_details.rx_broadcast_cnt;
+    aidl_stats->rxMulticastPkWakeDetails.ipv4RxMulticastAddrCnt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_multicast_wake_pkt_info.ipv4_rx_multicast_addr_cnt;
+    aidl_stats->rxMulticastPkWakeDetails.ipv6RxMulticastAddrCnt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_multicast_wake_pkt_info.ipv6_rx_multicast_addr_cnt;
+    aidl_stats->rxMulticastPkWakeDetails.otherRxMulticastAddrCnt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_multicast_wake_pkt_info.other_rx_multicast_addr_cnt;
+    aidl_stats->rxIcmpPkWakeDetails.icmpPkt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_pkt_classification_info.icmp_pkt;
+    aidl_stats->rxIcmpPkWakeDetails.icmp6Pkt =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_pkt_classification_info.icmp6_pkt;
+    aidl_stats->rxIcmpPkWakeDetails.icmp6Ra =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_pkt_classification_info.icmp6_ra;
+    aidl_stats->rxIcmpPkWakeDetails.icmp6Na =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_pkt_classification_info.icmp6_na;
+    aidl_stats->rxIcmpPkWakeDetails.icmp6Ns =
+            legacy_stats.wake_reason_cnt.rx_wake_pkt_classification_info.icmp6_ns;
+    return true;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_power_scenario convertAidlTxPowerScenarioToLegacy(
+        IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario aidl_scenario) {
+    switch (aidl_scenario) {
+        case IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::VOICE_CALL:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_VOICE_CALL;
+        case IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF;
+        case IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_ON:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_HEAD_CELL_ON;
+        case IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_BODY_CELL_OFF:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_BODY_CELL_OFF;
+        case IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_BODY_CELL_ON:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_BODY_CELL_ON;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_latency_mode convertAidlLatencyModeToLegacy(
+        IWifiChip::LatencyMode aidl_latency_mode) {
+    switch (aidl_latency_mode) {
+        case IWifiChip::LatencyMode::NORMAL:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_LATENCY_MODE_NORMAL;
+        case IWifiChip::LatencyMode::LOW:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_LATENCY_MODE_LOW;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiMacInfoToAidl(const legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo& legacy_mac_info,
+                                    IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo* aidl_radio_mode_info) {
+    if (!aidl_radio_mode_info) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_radio_mode_info = {};
+
+    aidl_radio_mode_info->radioId = legacy_mac_info.wlan_mac_id;
+    // Convert from bitmask of bands in the legacy HAL to enum value in
+    // the AIDL interface.
+    if (legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND &&
+        legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND &&
+        legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND) {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ_6GHZ;
+    } else if (legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND &&
+               legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND) {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ_6GHZ;
+    } else if (legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND) {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_6GHZ;
+    } else if (legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND &&
+               legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND) {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ;
+    } else if (legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND) {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ;
+    } else if (legacy_mac_info.mac_band & legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND) {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ;
+    } else {
+        aidl_radio_mode_info->bandInfo = WifiBand::BAND_UNSPECIFIED;
+    }
+    std::vector<IWifiChipEventCallback::IfaceInfo> iface_info_vec;
+    for (const auto& legacy_iface_info : legacy_mac_info.iface_infos) {
+        IWifiChipEventCallback::IfaceInfo iface_info;
+        iface_info.name = legacy_iface_info.name;
+        iface_info.channel = legacy_iface_info.channel;
+        iface_info_vec.push_back(iface_info);
+    }
+    aidl_radio_mode_info->ifaceInfos = iface_info_vec;
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint32_t convertAidlWifiBandToLegacyMacBand(WifiBand aidl_band) {
+    switch (aidl_band) {
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ:
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ_DFS:
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ_WITH_DFS:
+            return legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ:
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ_WITH_DFS:
+            return (legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND | legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND);
+        case WifiBand::BAND_6GHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ_6GHZ:
+            return (legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND | legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND);
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ_6GHZ:
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ_WITH_DFS_6GHZ:
+            return (legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND | legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND |
+                    legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND);
+        case WifiBand::BAND_60GHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_60_0_BAND;
+        default:
+            return (legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND | legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND |
+                    legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND | legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_60_0_BAND);
+    }
+}
+
+WifiBand convertLegacyMacBandToAidlWifiBand(uint32_t band) {
+    switch (band) {
+        case legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND:
+            return WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND:
+            return WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND:
+            return WifiBand::BAND_6GHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_60_0_BAND:
+            return WifiBand::BAND_60GHZ;
+        default:
+            return WifiBand::BAND_UNSPECIFIED;
+    }
+}
+
+uint32_t convertAidlWifiIfaceModeToLegacy(uint32_t aidl_iface_mask) {
+    uint32_t legacy_iface_mask = 0;
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_STA)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_STA);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_SOFTAP)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_SOFTAP);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_P2P_CLIENT)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_P2P_CLIENT);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_P2P_GO)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_P2P_GO);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_NAN)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_NAN);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_TDLS)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_TDLS);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_MESH)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_MESH);
+    }
+    if (aidl_iface_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_IBSS)) {
+        legacy_iface_mask |= (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_IBSS);
+    }
+    return legacy_iface_mask;
+}
+
+uint32_t convertLegacyWifiInterfaceModeToAidl(uint32_t legacy_iface_mask) {
+    uint32_t aidl_iface_mask = 0;
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_STA)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_STA);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_SOFTAP)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_SOFTAP);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_P2P_CLIENT)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_P2P_CLIENT);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_P2P_GO)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_P2P_GO);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_NAN)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_NAN);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_TDLS)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_TDLS);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_MESH)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_MESH);
+    }
+    if (legacy_iface_mask & (1 << legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_IBSS)) {
+        aidl_iface_mask |= static_cast<int32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_IBSS);
+    }
+    return aidl_iface_mask;
+}
+
+uint32_t convertAidlUsableChannelFilterToLegacy(uint32_t aidl_filter_mask) {
+    uint32_t legacy_filter_mask = 0;
+    if (aidl_filter_mask &
+        static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::UsableChannelFilter::CELLULAR_COEXISTENCE)) {
+        legacy_filter_mask |= legacy_hal::WIFI_USABLE_CHANNEL_FILTER_CELLULAR_COEXISTENCE;
+    }
+    if (aidl_filter_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::UsableChannelFilter::CONCURRENCY)) {
+        legacy_filter_mask |= legacy_hal::WIFI_USABLE_CHANNEL_FILTER_CONCURRENCY;
+    }
+    if (aidl_filter_mask & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::UsableChannelFilter::NAN_INSTANT_MODE)) {
+        legacy_filter_mask |= WIFI_USABLE_CHANNEL_FILTER_NAN_INSTANT_MODE;
+    }
+    return legacy_filter_mask;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiUsableChannelToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_usable_channel& legacy_usable_channel,
+        WifiUsableChannel* aidl_usable_channel) {
+    if (!aidl_usable_channel) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_usable_channel = {};
+    aidl_usable_channel->channel = legacy_usable_channel.freq;
+    aidl_usable_channel->channelBandwidth =
+            convertLegacyWifiChannelWidthToAidl(legacy_usable_channel.width);
+    aidl_usable_channel->ifaceModeMask = static_cast<WifiIfaceMode>(
+            convertLegacyWifiInterfaceModeToAidl(legacy_usable_channel.iface_mode_mask));
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiUsableChannelsToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_usable_channel>& legacy_usable_channels,
+        std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>* aidl_usable_channels) {
+    if (!aidl_usable_channels) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_usable_channels = {};
+    for (const auto& legacy_usable_channel : legacy_usable_channels) {
+        WifiUsableChannel aidl_usable_channel;
+        if (!convertLegacyWifiUsableChannelToAidl(legacy_usable_channel, &aidl_usable_channel)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_usable_channels->push_back(aidl_usable_channel);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo>& legacy_mac_infos,
+        std::vector<IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo>* aidl_radio_mode_infos) {
+    if (!aidl_radio_mode_infos) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_radio_mode_infos = {};
+
+    for (const auto& legacy_mac_info : legacy_mac_infos) {
+        IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo aidl_radio_mode_info;
+        if (!convertLegacyWifiMacInfoToAidl(legacy_mac_info, &aidl_radio_mode_info)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_radio_mode_infos->push_back(aidl_radio_mode_info);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlStaCapabilities(uint64_t legacy_feature_set,
+                                                uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set,
+                                                uint32_t* aidl_caps) {
+    if (!aidl_caps) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_caps = {};
+    for (const auto feature : {legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_PACKET_FATE_SUPPORTED}) {
+        if (feature & legacy_logger_feature_set) {
+            *aidl_caps |= static_cast<uint32_t>(
+                    convertLegacyLoggerFeatureToAidlStaIfaceCapability(feature));
+        }
+    }
+    for (const auto feature :
+         {WIFI_FEATURE_GSCAN, WIFI_FEATURE_LINK_LAYER_STATS, WIFI_FEATURE_RSSI_MONITOR,
+          WIFI_FEATURE_CONTROL_ROAMING, WIFI_FEATURE_IE_WHITELIST, WIFI_FEATURE_SCAN_RAND,
+          WIFI_FEATURE_INFRA_5G, WIFI_FEATURE_HOTSPOT, WIFI_FEATURE_PNO, WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS,
+          WIFI_FEATURE_TDLS_OFFCHANNEL, WIFI_FEATURE_CONFIG_NDO, WIFI_FEATURE_MKEEP_ALIVE}) {
+        if (feature & legacy_feature_set) {
+            *aidl_caps |=
+                    static_cast<uint32_t>(convertLegacyFeatureToAidlStaIfaceCapability(feature));
+        }
+    }
+    // There is no flag for this one in the legacy feature set. Adding it to the
+    // set because all the current devices support it.
+    *aidl_caps |= static_cast<uint32_t>(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::APF);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyApfCapabilitiesToAidl(const legacy_hal::PacketFilterCapabilities& legacy_caps,
+                                        StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities* aidl_caps) {
+    if (!aidl_caps) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_caps = {};
+    aidl_caps->version = legacy_caps.version;
+    aidl_caps->maxLength = legacy_caps.max_len;
+    return true;
+}
+
+uint8_t convertAidlGscanReportEventFlagToLegacy(
+        StaBackgroundScanBucketEventReportSchemeMask aidl_flag) {
+    using AidlFlag = StaBackgroundScanBucketEventReportSchemeMask;
+    switch (aidl_flag) {
+        case AidlFlag::EACH_SCAN:
+            return REPORT_EVENTS_EACH_SCAN;
+        case AidlFlag::FULL_RESULTS:
+            return REPORT_EVENTS_FULL_RESULTS;
+        case AidlFlag::NO_BATCH:
+            return REPORT_EVENTS_NO_BATCH;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+StaScanDataFlagMask convertLegacyGscanDataFlagToAidl(uint8_t legacy_flag) {
+    switch (legacy_flag) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_SCAN_FLAG_INTERRUPTED:
+            return StaScanDataFlagMask::INTERRUPTED;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy flag: " << legacy_flag;
+    // To silence the compiler warning about reaching the end of non-void
+    // function.
+    return {};
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyGscanCapabilitiesToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_gscan_capabilities& legacy_caps,
+                                          StaBackgroundScanCapabilities* aidl_caps) {
+    if (!aidl_caps) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_caps = {};
+    aidl_caps->maxCacheSize = legacy_caps.max_scan_cache_size;
+    aidl_caps->maxBuckets = legacy_caps.max_scan_buckets;
+    aidl_caps->maxApCachePerScan = legacy_caps.max_ap_cache_per_scan;
+    aidl_caps->maxReportingThreshold = legacy_caps.max_scan_reporting_threshold;
+    return true;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_band convertAidlWifiBandToLegacy(WifiBand band) {
+    switch (band) {
+        case WifiBand::BAND_UNSPECIFIED:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_UNSPECIFIED;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_BG;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_A;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ_DFS:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_A_DFS;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ_WITH_DFS:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_A_WITH_DFS;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_ABG;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ_WITH_DFS:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_BAND_ABG_WITH_DFS;
+        default:
+            CHECK(false);
+            return {};
+    };
+}
+
+bool convertAidlGscanParamsToLegacy(const StaBackgroundScanParameters& aidl_scan_params,
+                                    legacy_hal::wifi_scan_cmd_params* legacy_scan_params) {
+    if (!legacy_scan_params) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_scan_params = {};
+    legacy_scan_params->base_period = aidl_scan_params.basePeriodInMs;
+    legacy_scan_params->max_ap_per_scan = aidl_scan_params.maxApPerScan;
+    legacy_scan_params->report_threshold_percent = aidl_scan_params.reportThresholdPercent;
+    legacy_scan_params->report_threshold_num_scans = aidl_scan_params.reportThresholdNumScans;
+    if (aidl_scan_params.buckets.size() > MAX_BUCKETS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_scan_params->num_buckets = aidl_scan_params.buckets.size();
+    for (uint32_t bucket_idx = 0; bucket_idx < aidl_scan_params.buckets.size(); bucket_idx++) {
+        const StaBackgroundScanBucketParameters& aidl_bucket_spec =
+                aidl_scan_params.buckets[bucket_idx];
+        legacy_hal::wifi_scan_bucket_spec& legacy_bucket_spec =
+                legacy_scan_params->buckets[bucket_idx];
+        if (aidl_bucket_spec.bucketIdx >= MAX_BUCKETS) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        legacy_bucket_spec.bucket = aidl_bucket_spec.bucketIdx;
+        legacy_bucket_spec.band = convertAidlWifiBandToLegacy(aidl_bucket_spec.band);
+        legacy_bucket_spec.period = aidl_bucket_spec.periodInMs;
+        legacy_bucket_spec.max_period = aidl_bucket_spec.exponentialMaxPeriodInMs;
+        legacy_bucket_spec.base = aidl_bucket_spec.exponentialBase;
+        legacy_bucket_spec.step_count = aidl_bucket_spec.exponentialStepCount;
+        legacy_bucket_spec.report_events = 0;
+        using AidlFlag = StaBackgroundScanBucketEventReportSchemeMask;
+        for (const auto flag : {AidlFlag::EACH_SCAN, AidlFlag::FULL_RESULTS, AidlFlag::NO_BATCH}) {
+            if (static_cast<int32_t>(aidl_bucket_spec.eventReportScheme) &
+                static_cast<std::underlying_type<AidlFlag>::type>(flag)) {
+                legacy_bucket_spec.report_events |= convertAidlGscanReportEventFlagToLegacy(flag);
+            }
+        }
+        if (aidl_bucket_spec.frequencies.size() > MAX_CHANNELS) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        legacy_bucket_spec.num_channels = aidl_bucket_spec.frequencies.size();
+        for (uint32_t freq_idx = 0; freq_idx < aidl_bucket_spec.frequencies.size(); freq_idx++) {
+            legacy_bucket_spec.channels[freq_idx].channel = aidl_bucket_spec.frequencies[freq_idx];
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyIeToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_information_element& legacy_ie,
+                           WifiInformationElement* aidl_ie) {
+    if (!aidl_ie) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ie = {};
+    aidl_ie->id = legacy_ie.id;
+    aidl_ie->data = std::vector<uint8_t>(legacy_ie.data, legacy_ie.data + legacy_ie.len);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyIeBlobToAidl(const uint8_t* ie_blob, uint32_t ie_blob_len,
+                               std::vector<WifiInformationElement>* aidl_ies) {
+    if (!ie_blob || !aidl_ies) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ies = {};
+    const uint8_t* ies_begin = ie_blob;
+    const uint8_t* ies_end = ie_blob + ie_blob_len;
+    const uint8_t* next_ie = ies_begin;
+    using wifi_ie = legacy_hal::wifi_information_element;
+    constexpr size_t kIeHeaderLen = sizeof(wifi_ie);
+    // Each IE should at least have the header (i.e |id| & |len| fields).
+    while (next_ie + kIeHeaderLen <= ies_end) {
+        const wifi_ie& legacy_ie = (*reinterpret_cast<const wifi_ie*>(next_ie));
+        uint32_t curr_ie_len = kIeHeaderLen + legacy_ie.len;
+        if (next_ie + curr_ie_len > ies_end) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Error parsing IE blob. Next IE: " << (void*)next_ie
+                       << ", Curr IE len: " << curr_ie_len << ", IEs End: " << (void*)ies_end;
+            break;
+        }
+        WifiInformationElement aidl_ie;
+        if (!convertLegacyIeToAidl(legacy_ie, &aidl_ie)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Error converting IE. Id: " << legacy_ie.id << ", len: " << legacy_ie.len;
+            break;
+        }
+        aidl_ies->push_back(std::move(aidl_ie));
+        next_ie += curr_ie_len;
+    }
+    // Check if the blob has been fully consumed.
+    if (next_ie != ies_end) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fully parse IE blob. Next IE: " << (void*)next_ie
+                   << ", IEs End: " << (void*)ies_end;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyGscanResultToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_scan_result& legacy_scan_result,
+                                    bool has_ie_data, StaScanResult* aidl_scan_result) {
+    if (!aidl_scan_result) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_scan_result = {};
+    aidl_scan_result->timeStampInUs = legacy_scan_result.ts;
+    aidl_scan_result->ssid = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_scan_result.ssid,
+            legacy_scan_result.ssid +
+                    strnlen(legacy_scan_result.ssid, sizeof(legacy_scan_result.ssid) - 1));
+    aidl_scan_result->bssid = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    std::copy(legacy_scan_result.bssid, legacy_scan_result.bssid + 6,
+              std::begin(aidl_scan_result->bssid));
+    aidl_scan_result->frequency = legacy_scan_result.channel;
+    aidl_scan_result->rssi = legacy_scan_result.rssi;
+    aidl_scan_result->beaconPeriodInMs = legacy_scan_result.beacon_period;
+    aidl_scan_result->capability = legacy_scan_result.capability;
+    if (has_ie_data) {
+        std::vector<WifiInformationElement> ies;
+        if (!convertLegacyIeBlobToAidl(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(legacy_scan_result.ie_data),
+                                       legacy_scan_result.ie_length, &ies)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_scan_result->informationElements = std::move(ies);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyCachedGscanResultsToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_cached_scan_results& legacy_cached_scan_result,
+        StaScanData* aidl_scan_data) {
+    if (!aidl_scan_data) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_scan_data = {};
+    int32_t flags = 0;
+    for (const auto flag : {legacy_hal::WIFI_SCAN_FLAG_INTERRUPTED}) {
+        if (legacy_cached_scan_result.flags & flag) {
+            flags |= static_cast<std::underlying_type<StaScanDataFlagMask>::type>(
+                    convertLegacyGscanDataFlagToAidl(flag));
+        }
+    }
+    aidl_scan_data->flags = static_cast<StaScanDataFlagMask>(flags);
+    aidl_scan_data->bucketsScanned = legacy_cached_scan_result.buckets_scanned;
+
+    CHECK(legacy_cached_scan_result.num_results >= 0 &&
+          legacy_cached_scan_result.num_results <= MAX_AP_CACHE_PER_SCAN);
+    std::vector<StaScanResult> aidl_scan_results;
+    for (int32_t result_idx = 0; result_idx < legacy_cached_scan_result.num_results; result_idx++) {
+        StaScanResult aidl_scan_result;
+        if (!convertLegacyGscanResultToAidl(legacy_cached_scan_result.results[result_idx], false,
+                                            &aidl_scan_result)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_scan_results.push_back(aidl_scan_result);
+    }
+    aidl_scan_data->results = std::move(aidl_scan_results);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfCachedGscanResultsToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_cached_scan_results>& legacy_cached_scan_results,
+        std::vector<StaScanData>* aidl_scan_datas) {
+    if (!aidl_scan_datas) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_scan_datas = {};
+    for (const auto& legacy_cached_scan_result : legacy_cached_scan_results) {
+        StaScanData aidl_scan_data;
+        if (!convertLegacyCachedGscanResultsToAidl(legacy_cached_scan_result, &aidl_scan_data)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_scan_datas->push_back(aidl_scan_data);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+WifiDebugTxPacketFate convertLegacyDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_tx_packet_fate fate) {
+    switch (fate) {
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_ACKED:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::ACKED;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_SENT:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::SENT;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_QUEUED:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::FW_QUEUED;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_INVALID:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::FW_DROP_INVALID;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_NOBUFS:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::FW_DROP_NOBUFS;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_OTHER:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::FW_DROP_OTHER;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_QUEUED:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::DRV_QUEUED;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_INVALID:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_INVALID;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_NOBUFS:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_NOBUFS;
+        case legacy_hal::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_OTHER:
+            return WifiDebugTxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_OTHER;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy fate type: " << fate;
+}
+
+WifiDebugRxPacketFate convertLegacyDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_rx_packet_fate fate) {
+    switch (fate) {
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_SUCCESS:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::SUCCESS;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_QUEUED:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::FW_QUEUED;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_FILTER:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::FW_DROP_FILTER;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_INVALID:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::FW_DROP_INVALID;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_NOBUFS:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::FW_DROP_NOBUFS;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_OTHER:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::FW_DROP_OTHER;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_QUEUED:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::DRV_QUEUED;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_FILTER:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_FILTER;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_INVALID:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_INVALID;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_NOBUFS:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_NOBUFS;
+        case legacy_hal::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_OTHER:
+            return WifiDebugRxPacketFate::DRV_DROP_OTHER;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy fate type: " << fate;
+}
+
+WifiDebugPacketFateFrameType convertLegacyDebugPacketFateFrameTypeToAidl(
+        legacy_hal::frame_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case legacy_hal::FRAME_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
+            return WifiDebugPacketFateFrameType::UNKNOWN;
+        case legacy_hal::FRAME_TYPE_ETHERNET_II:
+            return WifiDebugPacketFateFrameType::ETHERNET_II;
+        case legacy_hal::FRAME_TYPE_80211_MGMT:
+            return WifiDebugPacketFateFrameType::MGMT_80211;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy frame type: " << type;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyDebugPacketFateFrameToAidl(const legacy_hal::frame_info& legacy_frame,
+                                             WifiDebugPacketFateFrameInfo* aidl_frame) {
+    if (!aidl_frame) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_frame = {};
+    aidl_frame->frameType = convertLegacyDebugPacketFateFrameTypeToAidl(legacy_frame.payload_type);
+    aidl_frame->frameLen = legacy_frame.frame_len;
+    aidl_frame->driverTimestampUsec = legacy_frame.driver_timestamp_usec;
+    aidl_frame->firmwareTimestampUsec = legacy_frame.firmware_timestamp_usec;
+    const uint8_t* frame_begin =
+            reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(legacy_frame.frame_content.ethernet_ii_bytes);
+    aidl_frame->frameContent =
+            std::vector<uint8_t>(frame_begin, frame_begin + legacy_frame.frame_len);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_tx_report& legacy_fate,
+                                          WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport* aidl_fate) {
+    if (!aidl_fate) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_fate = {};
+    aidl_fate->fate = convertLegacyDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_fate.fate);
+    return convertLegacyDebugPacketFateFrameToAidl(legacy_fate.frame_inf, &aidl_fate->frameInfo);
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_tx_report>& legacy_fates,
+        std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>* aidl_fates) {
+    if (!aidl_fates) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_fates = {};
+    for (const auto& legacy_fate : legacy_fates) {
+        WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport aidl_fate;
+        if (!convertLegacyDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_fate, &aidl_fate)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_fates->push_back(aidl_fate);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_rx_report& legacy_fate,
+                                          WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport* aidl_fate) {
+    if (!aidl_fate) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_fate = {};
+    aidl_fate->fate = convertLegacyDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_fate.fate);
+    return convertLegacyDebugPacketFateFrameToAidl(legacy_fate.frame_inf, &aidl_fate->frameInfo);
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_rx_report>& legacy_fates,
+        std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>* aidl_fates) {
+    if (!aidl_fates) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_fates = {};
+    for (const auto& legacy_fate : legacy_fates) {
+        WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport aidl_fate;
+        if (!convertLegacyDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_fate, &aidl_fate)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_fates->push_back(aidl_fate);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyLinkLayerRadioStatsToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::LinkLayerRadioStats& legacy_radio_stat,
+        StaLinkLayerRadioStats* aidl_radio_stat) {
+    if (!aidl_radio_stat) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_radio_stat = {};
+
+    aidl_radio_stat->radioId = legacy_radio_stat.stats.radio;
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMs = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time;
+    aidl_radio_stat->txTimeInMs = legacy_radio_stat.stats.tx_time;
+    aidl_radio_stat->rxTimeInMs = legacy_radio_stat.stats.rx_time;
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMsForScan = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time_scan;
+    aidl_radio_stat->txTimeInMsPerLevel = uintToIntVec(legacy_radio_stat.tx_time_per_levels);
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMsForNanScan = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time_nbd;
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMsForBgScan = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time_gscan;
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMsForRoamScan = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time_roam_scan;
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMsForPnoScan = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time_pno_scan;
+    aidl_radio_stat->onTimeInMsForHs20Scan = legacy_radio_stat.stats.on_time_hs20;
+
+    std::vector<WifiChannelStats> aidl_channel_stats;
+
+    for (const auto& channel_stat : legacy_radio_stat.channel_stats) {
+        WifiChannelStats aidl_channel_stat;
+        aidl_channel_stat.onTimeInMs = channel_stat.on_time;
+        aidl_channel_stat.ccaBusyTimeInMs = channel_stat.cca_busy_time;
+        aidl_channel_stat.channel.width = WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_20;
+        aidl_channel_stat.channel.centerFreq = channel_stat.channel.center_freq;
+        aidl_channel_stat.channel.centerFreq0 = channel_stat.channel.center_freq0;
+        aidl_channel_stat.channel.centerFreq1 = channel_stat.channel.center_freq1;
+        aidl_channel_stats.push_back(aidl_channel_stat);
+    }
+
+    aidl_radio_stat->channelStats = aidl_channel_stats;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyLinkLayerStatsToAidl(const legacy_hal::LinkLayerStats& legacy_stats,
+                                       StaLinkLayerStats* aidl_stats) {
+    if (!aidl_stats) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_stats = {};
+    // iface legacy_stats conversion.
+    aidl_stats->iface.beaconRx = legacy_stats.iface.beacon_rx;
+    aidl_stats->iface.avgRssiMgmt = legacy_stats.iface.rssi_mgmt;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBePktStats.rxMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].rx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBePktStats.txMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].tx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBePktStats.lostMpdu =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].mpdu_lost;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBePktStats.retries = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].retries;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_min;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_max;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_avg;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_num_samples;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkPktStats.rxMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].rx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkPktStats.txMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].tx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkPktStats.lostMpdu =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].mpdu_lost;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkPktStats.retries = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].retries;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_min;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_max;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_avg;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_num_samples;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViPktStats.rxMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].rx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViPktStats.txMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].tx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViPktStats.lostMpdu =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].mpdu_lost;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViPktStats.retries = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].retries;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_min;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_max;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_avg;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_num_samples;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoPktStats.rxMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].rx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoPktStats.txMpdu = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].tx_mpdu;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoPktStats.lostMpdu =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].mpdu_lost;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoPktStats.retries = legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].retries;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_min;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_max;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_avg;
+    aidl_stats->iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples =
+            legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_num_samples;
+    aidl_stats->iface.timeSliceDutyCycleInPercent =
+            legacy_stats.iface.info.time_slicing_duty_cycle_percent;
+    // peer info legacy_stats conversion.
+    std::vector<StaPeerInfo> aidl_peers_info_stats;
+    for (const auto& legacy_peer_info_stats : legacy_stats.peers) {
+        StaPeerInfo aidl_peer_info_stats;
+        if (!convertLegacyPeerInfoStatsToAidl(legacy_peer_info_stats, &aidl_peer_info_stats)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_peers_info_stats.push_back(aidl_peer_info_stats);
+    }
+    aidl_stats->iface.peers = aidl_peers_info_stats;
+    // radio legacy_stats conversion.
+    std::vector<StaLinkLayerRadioStats> aidl_radios_stats;
+    for (const auto& legacy_radio_stats : legacy_stats.radios) {
+        StaLinkLayerRadioStats aidl_radio_stats;
+        if (!convertLegacyLinkLayerRadioStatsToAidl(legacy_radio_stats, &aidl_radio_stats)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_radios_stats.push_back(aidl_radio_stats);
+    }
+    aidl_stats->radios = aidl_radios_stats;
+    aidl_stats->timeStampInMs = ::android::uptimeMillis();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyPeerInfoStatsToAidl(const legacy_hal::WifiPeerInfo& legacy_peer_info_stats,
+                                      StaPeerInfo* aidl_peer_info_stats) {
+    if (!aidl_peer_info_stats) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_peer_info_stats = {};
+    aidl_peer_info_stats->staCount = legacy_peer_info_stats.peer_info.bssload.sta_count;
+    aidl_peer_info_stats->chanUtil = legacy_peer_info_stats.peer_info.bssload.chan_util;
+
+    std::vector<StaRateStat> aidlRateStats;
+    for (const auto& legacy_rate_stats : legacy_peer_info_stats.rate_stats) {
+        StaRateStat rateStat;
+        if (!convertLegacyWifiRateInfoToAidl(legacy_rate_stats.rate, &rateStat.rateInfo)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        rateStat.txMpdu = legacy_rate_stats.tx_mpdu;
+        rateStat.rxMpdu = legacy_rate_stats.rx_mpdu;
+        rateStat.mpduLost = legacy_rate_stats.mpdu_lost;
+        rateStat.retries = legacy_rate_stats.retries;
+        aidlRateStats.push_back(rateStat);
+    }
+    aidl_peer_info_stats->rateStats = aidlRateStats;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyRoamingCapabilitiesToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_roaming_capabilities& legacy_caps,
+        StaRoamingCapabilities* aidl_caps) {
+    if (!aidl_caps) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_caps = {};
+    aidl_caps->maxBlocklistSize = legacy_caps.max_blacklist_size;
+    aidl_caps->maxAllowlistSize = legacy_caps.max_whitelist_size;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlRoamingConfigToLegacy(const StaRoamingConfig& aidl_config,
+                                      legacy_hal::wifi_roaming_config* legacy_config) {
+    if (!legacy_config) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_config = {};
+    if (aidl_config.bssidBlocklist.size() > MAX_BLACKLIST_BSSID ||
+        aidl_config.ssidAllowlist.size() > MAX_WHITELIST_SSID) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_config->num_blacklist_bssid = aidl_config.bssidBlocklist.size();
+    uint32_t i = 0;
+    for (const auto& bssid : aidl_config.bssidBlocklist) {
+        CHECK(bssid.data.size() == sizeof(legacy_hal::mac_addr));
+        memcpy(legacy_config->blacklist_bssid[i++], bssid.data.data(), bssid.data.size());
+    }
+    legacy_config->num_whitelist_ssid = aidl_config.ssidAllowlist.size();
+    i = 0;
+    for (const auto& ssid : aidl_config.ssidAllowlist) {
+        CHECK(ssid.data.size() <= sizeof(legacy_hal::ssid_t::ssid_str));
+        legacy_config->whitelist_ssid[i].length = ssid.data.size();
+        memcpy(legacy_config->whitelist_ssid[i].ssid_str, ssid.data.data(), ssid.data.size());
+        i++;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::fw_roaming_state_t convertAidlRoamingStateToLegacy(StaRoamingState state) {
+    switch (state) {
+        case StaRoamingState::ENABLED:
+            return legacy_hal::ROAMING_ENABLE;
+        case StaRoamingState::DISABLED:
+            return legacy_hal::ROAMING_DISABLE;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::NanMatchAlg convertAidlNanMatchAlgToLegacy(NanMatchAlg type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case NanMatchAlg::MATCH_ONCE:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_MATCH_ALG_MATCH_ONCE;
+        case NanMatchAlg::MATCH_CONTINUOUS:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_MATCH_ALG_MATCH_CONTINUOUS;
+        case NanMatchAlg::MATCH_NEVER:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_MATCH_ALG_MATCH_NEVER;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::NanPublishType convertAidlNanPublishTypeToLegacy(NanPublishType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case NanPublishType::UNSOLICITED:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_PUBLISH_TYPE_UNSOLICITED;
+        case NanPublishType::SOLICITED:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_PUBLISH_TYPE_SOLICITED;
+        case NanPublishType::UNSOLICITED_SOLICITED:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_PUBLISH_TYPE_UNSOLICITED_SOLICITED;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::NanTxType convertAidlNanTxTypeToLegacy(NanTxType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case NanTxType::BROADCAST:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_TX_TYPE_BROADCAST;
+        case NanTxType::UNICAST:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_TX_TYPE_UNICAST;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::NanSubscribeType convertAidlNanSubscribeTypeToLegacy(NanSubscribeType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case NanSubscribeType::PASSIVE:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_PASSIVE;
+        case NanSubscribeType::ACTIVE:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ACTIVE;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::NanSRFType convertAidlNanSrfTypeToLegacy(NanSrfType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case NanSrfType::BLOOM_FILTER:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_SRF_ATTR_BLOOM_FILTER;
+        case NanSrfType::PARTIAL_MAC_ADDR:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_SRF_ATTR_PARTIAL_MAC_ADDR;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::NanDataPathChannelCfg convertAidlNanDataPathChannelCfgToLegacy(
+        NanDataPathChannelCfg type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case NanDataPathChannelCfg::CHANNEL_NOT_REQUESTED:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CHANNEL_NOT_REQUESTED;
+        case NanDataPathChannelCfg::REQUEST_CHANNEL_SETUP:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_DP_REQUEST_CHANNEL_SETUP;
+        case NanDataPathChannelCfg::FORCE_CHANNEL_SETUP:
+            return legacy_hal::NAN_DP_FORCE_CHANNEL_SETUP;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+NanStatusCode convertLegacyNanStatusTypeToAidl(legacy_hal::NanStatusType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_SUCCESS:
+            return NanStatusCode::SUCCESS;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_INTERNAL_FAILURE:
+            return NanStatusCode::INTERNAL_FAILURE;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_PROTOCOL_FAILURE:
+            return NanStatusCode::PROTOCOL_FAILURE;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_ID:
+            return NanStatusCode::INVALID_SESSION_ID;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_NO_RESOURCE_AVAILABLE:
+            return NanStatusCode::NO_RESOURCES_AVAILABLE;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM:
+            return NanStatusCode::INVALID_ARGS;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_REQUESTOR_INSTANCE_ID:
+            return NanStatusCode::INVALID_PEER_ID;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_NDP_ID:
+            return NanStatusCode::INVALID_NDP_ID;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_NAN_NOT_ALLOWED:
+            return NanStatusCode::NAN_NOT_ALLOWED;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_NO_OTA_ACK:
+            return NanStatusCode::NO_OTA_ACK;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_ALREADY_ENABLED:
+            return NanStatusCode::ALREADY_ENABLED;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_FOLLOWUP_QUEUE_FULL:
+            return NanStatusCode::FOLLOWUP_TX_QUEUE_FULL;
+        case legacy_hal::NAN_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_CONCURRENCY_NAN_DISABLED:
+            return NanStatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_CONCURRENCY_NAN_DISABLED;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+void convertToNanStatus(legacy_hal::NanStatusType type, const char* str, size_t max_len,
+                        NanStatus* nanStatus) {
+    nanStatus->status = convertLegacyNanStatusTypeToAidl(type);
+    nanStatus->description = safeConvertChar(str, max_len);
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy(const NanEnableRequest& aidl_request1,
+                                         const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& aidl_request2,
+                                         legacy_hal::NanEnableRequest* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy: null legacy_request";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->config_2dot4g_support = 1;
+    legacy_request->support_2dot4g_val =
+            aidl_request1.operateInBand[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_support_5g = 1;
+    legacy_request->support_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.operateInBand[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_hop_count_limit = 1;
+    legacy_request->hop_count_limit_val = aidl_request1.hopCountMax;
+    legacy_request->master_pref = aidl_request1.configParams.masterPref;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg = 0;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request1.configParams.disableDiscoveryAddressChangeIndication ? 0x1 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request1.configParams.disableStartedClusterIndication ? 0x2 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request1.configParams.disableJoinedClusterIndication ? 0x4 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->config_sid_beacon = 1;
+    if (aidl_request1.configParams.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon < 0";
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_request->sid_beacon_val =
+            (aidl_request1.configParams.includePublishServiceIdsInBeacon ? 0x1 : 0x0) |
+            (aidl_request1.configParams.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon << 1);
+    legacy_request->config_subscribe_sid_beacon = 1;
+    if (aidl_request1.configParams.numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon < 0";
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_request->subscribe_sid_beacon_val =
+            (aidl_request1.configParams.includeSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon ? 0x1 : 0x0) |
+            (aidl_request1.configParams.numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon << 1);
+    legacy_request->config_rssi_window_size = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_window_size_val = aidl_request1.configParams.rssiWindowSize;
+    legacy_request->config_disc_mac_addr_randomization = 1;
+    legacy_request->disc_mac_addr_rand_interval_sec =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.macAddressRandomizationIntervalSec;
+    legacy_request->config_2dot4g_rssi_close = 1;
+    if (aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig.size() != 3) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "bandSpecificConfig.size() != 3";
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_request->rssi_close_2dot4g_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .rssiClose;
+    legacy_request->config_2dot4g_rssi_middle = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_middle_2dot4g_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .rssiMiddle;
+    legacy_request->config_2dot4g_rssi_proximity = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_proximity_2dot4g_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .rssiCloseProximity;
+    legacy_request->config_scan_params = 1;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.dwell_time[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_24G_BAND] =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .dwellTimeMs;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.scan_period[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_24G_BAND] =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .scanPeriodSec;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.config_2dot4g_dw_band =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .validDiscoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.dw_2dot4g_interval_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .discoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+    legacy_request->config_5g_rssi_close = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_close_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .rssiClose;
+    legacy_request->config_5g_rssi_middle = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_middle_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .rssiMiddle;
+    legacy_request->config_5g_rssi_close_proximity = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_close_proximity_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .rssiCloseProximity;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.dwell_time[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_LOW] =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .dwellTimeMs;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.scan_period[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_LOW] =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .scanPeriodSec;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.dwell_time[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_HIGH] =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .dwellTimeMs;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.scan_period[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_HIGH] =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .scanPeriodSec;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.config_5g_dw_band =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .validDiscoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.dw_5g_interval_val =
+            aidl_request1.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .discoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+    if (aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validClusterIdVals) {
+        legacy_request->cluster_low = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.clusterIdBottomRangeVal;
+        legacy_request->cluster_high = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.clusterIdTopRangeVal;
+    } else {  // need 'else' since not configurable in legacy HAL
+        legacy_request->cluster_low = 0x0000;
+        legacy_request->cluster_high = 0xFFFF;
+    }
+    legacy_request->config_intf_addr = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validIntfAddrVal;
+    memcpy(legacy_request->intf_addr_val, aidl_request1.debugConfigs.intfAddrVal.data(), 6);
+    legacy_request->config_oui = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validOuiVal;
+    legacy_request->oui_val = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.ouiVal;
+    legacy_request->config_random_factor_force =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validRandomFactorForceVal;
+    legacy_request->random_factor_force_val = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.randomFactorForceVal;
+    legacy_request->config_hop_count_force = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validHopCountForceVal;
+    legacy_request->hop_count_force_val = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.hopCountForceVal;
+    legacy_request->config_24g_channel = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validDiscoveryChannelVal;
+    legacy_request->channel_24g_val =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.discoveryChannelMhzVal[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_5g_channel = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validDiscoveryChannelVal;
+    legacy_request->channel_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.discoveryChannelMhzVal[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_2dot4g_beacons = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validUseBeaconsInBandVal;
+    legacy_request->beacon_2dot4g_val =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.useBeaconsInBandVal[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_5g_beacons = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validUseBeaconsInBandVal;
+    legacy_request->beacon_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.useBeaconsInBandVal[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_2dot4g_sdf = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validUseSdfInBandVal;
+    legacy_request->sdf_2dot4g_val =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.useSdfInBandVal[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ];
+    legacy_request->config_5g_sdf = aidl_request1.debugConfigs.validUseSdfInBandVal;
+    legacy_request->sdf_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.debugConfigs.useSdfInBandVal[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ];
+
+    legacy_request->config_discovery_beacon_int = 1;
+    legacy_request->discovery_beacon_interval = aidl_request2.discoveryBeaconIntervalMs;
+    legacy_request->config_nss = 1;
+    legacy_request->nss = aidl_request2.numberOfSpatialStreamsInDiscovery;
+    legacy_request->config_dw_early_termination = 1;
+    legacy_request->enable_dw_termination = aidl_request2.enableDiscoveryWindowEarlyTermination;
+    legacy_request->config_enable_ranging = 1;
+    legacy_request->enable_ranging = aidl_request2.enableRanging;
+
+    legacy_request->config_enable_instant_mode = 1;
+    legacy_request->enable_instant_mode = aidl_request2.enableInstantCommunicationMode;
+    legacy_request->config_instant_mode_channel = 1;
+    legacy_request->instant_mode_channel = aidl_request2.instantModeChannel;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanConfigRequestToLegacy(const NanConfigRequest& aidl_request1,
+                                         const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& aidl_request2,
+                                         legacy_hal::NanConfigRequest* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanConfigRequestToLegacy: null legacy_request";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->master_pref = aidl_request1.masterPref;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg = 0;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request1.disableDiscoveryAddressChangeIndication ? 0x1 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request1.disableStartedClusterIndication ? 0x2 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->discovery_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request1.disableJoinedClusterIndication ? 0x4 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->config_sid_beacon = 1;
+    if (aidl_request1.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanConfigRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon < 0";
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_request->sid_beacon = (aidl_request1.includePublishServiceIdsInBeacon ? 0x1 : 0x0) |
+                                 (aidl_request1.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon << 1);
+    legacy_request->config_subscribe_sid_beacon = 1;
+    if (aidl_request1.numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanConfigRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon < 0";
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_request->subscribe_sid_beacon_val =
+            (aidl_request1.includeSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon ? 0x1 : 0x0) |
+            (aidl_request1.numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon << 1);
+    legacy_request->config_rssi_window_size = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_window_size_val = aidl_request1.rssiWindowSize;
+    legacy_request->config_disc_mac_addr_randomization = 1;
+    legacy_request->disc_mac_addr_rand_interval_sec =
+            aidl_request1.macAddressRandomizationIntervalSec;
+
+    legacy_request->config_scan_params = 1;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.dwell_time[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_24G_BAND] =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ].dwellTimeMs;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.scan_period[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_24G_BAND] =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ].scanPeriodSec;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.config_2dot4g_dw_band =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .validDiscoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.dw_2dot4g_interval_val =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ]
+                    .discoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+
+    legacy_request->config_5g_rssi_close_proximity = 1;
+    legacy_request->rssi_close_proximity_5g_val =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .rssiCloseProximity;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.dwell_time[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_LOW] =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ].dwellTimeMs;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.scan_period[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_LOW] =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ].scanPeriodSec;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.dwell_time[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_HIGH] =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ].dwellTimeMs;
+    legacy_request->scan_params_val.scan_period[legacy_hal::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_HIGH] =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ].scanPeriodSec;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.config_5g_dw_band =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .validDiscoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+    legacy_request->config_dw.dw_5g_interval_val =
+            aidl_request1.bandSpecificConfig[(size_t)NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ]
+                    .discoveryWindowIntervalVal;
+
+    legacy_request->config_discovery_beacon_int = 1;
+    legacy_request->discovery_beacon_interval = aidl_request2.discoveryBeaconIntervalMs;
+    legacy_request->config_nss = 1;
+    legacy_request->nss = aidl_request2.numberOfSpatialStreamsInDiscovery;
+    legacy_request->config_dw_early_termination = 1;
+    legacy_request->enable_dw_termination = aidl_request2.enableDiscoveryWindowEarlyTermination;
+    legacy_request->config_enable_ranging = 1;
+    legacy_request->enable_ranging = aidl_request2.enableRanging;
+
+    legacy_request->config_enable_instant_mode = 1;
+    legacy_request->enable_instant_mode = aidl_request2.enableInstantCommunicationMode;
+    legacy_request->config_instant_mode_channel = 1;
+    legacy_request->instant_mode_channel = aidl_request2.instantModeChannel;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy(const NanPublishRequest& aidl_request,
+                                          legacy_hal::NanPublishRequest* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: null legacy_request";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->publish_id = aidl_request.baseConfigs.sessionId;
+    legacy_request->ttl = aidl_request.baseConfigs.ttlSec;
+    legacy_request->period = aidl_request.baseConfigs.discoveryWindowPeriod;
+    legacy_request->publish_count = aidl_request.baseConfigs.discoveryCount;
+    legacy_request->service_name_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceName.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_name_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_NAME_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: service_name_len "
+                      "too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_name, aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceName.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_name_len);
+    legacy_request->publish_match_indicator =
+            convertAidlNanMatchAlgToLegacy(aidl_request.baseConfigs.discoveryMatchIndicator);
+    legacy_request->service_specific_info_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceSpecificInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_specific_info_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "service_specific_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_specific_info,
+           aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceSpecificInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_specific_info_len);
+    legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len =
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.extendedServiceSpecificInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len > NAN_MAX_SDEA_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "sdea_service_specific_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info,
+           aidl_request.baseConfigs.extendedServiceSpecificInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len);
+    legacy_request->rx_match_filter_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rxMatchFilter.size();
+    if (legacy_request->rx_match_filter_len > NAN_MAX_MATCH_FILTER_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "rx_match_filter_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->rx_match_filter, aidl_request.baseConfigs.rxMatchFilter.data(),
+           legacy_request->rx_match_filter_len);
+    legacy_request->tx_match_filter_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.txMatchFilter.size();
+    if (legacy_request->tx_match_filter_len > NAN_MAX_MATCH_FILTER_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "tx_match_filter_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->tx_match_filter, aidl_request.baseConfigs.txMatchFilter.data(),
+           legacy_request->tx_match_filter_len);
+    legacy_request->rssi_threshold_flag = aidl_request.baseConfigs.useRssiThreshold;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg = 0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.disableDiscoveryTerminationIndication ? 0x1 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.disableMatchExpirationIndication ? 0x2 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.disableFollowupReceivedIndication ? 0x4 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |= 0x8;
+    legacy_request->cipher_type = (unsigned int)aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.cipherType;
+
+    legacy_request->scid_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.scid.size();
+    if (legacy_request->scid_len > NAN_MAX_SCID_BUF_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: scid_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->scid, aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.scid.data(),
+           legacy_request->scid_len);
+
+    if (aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType == NanDataPathSecurityType::PMK) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PMK;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len =
+                aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.pmk.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len != NAN_PMK_INFO_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: invalid pmk_len";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk,
+               aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.pmk.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len);
+    }
+    if (aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType ==
+        NanDataPathSecurityType::PASSPHRASE) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PASSPHRASE;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len =
+                aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.passphrase.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len <
+            NAN_SECURITY_MIN_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too small";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len >
+            NAN_SECURITY_MAX_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too large";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase,
+               aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.passphrase.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len);
+    }
+    legacy_request->sdea_params.security_cfg =
+            (aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType != NanDataPathSecurityType::OPEN)
+                    ? legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY
+                    : legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_NO_SECURITY;
+
+    legacy_request->sdea_params.ranging_state = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rangingRequired
+                                                        ? legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_ENABLE
+                                                        : legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_DISABLE;
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.ranging_interval_msec = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rangingIntervalMs;
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.config_ranging_indications =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(aidl_request.baseConfigs.configRangingIndications);
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.distance_ingress_mm =
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.distanceIngressCm * 10;
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.distance_egress_mm = aidl_request.baseConfigs.distanceEgressCm * 10;
+    legacy_request->ranging_auto_response = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rangingRequired
+                                                    ? legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_AUTO_RESPONSE_ENABLE
+                                                    : legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_AUTO_RESPONSE_DISABLE;
+    legacy_request->sdea_params.range_report = legacy_hal::NAN_DISABLE_RANGE_REPORT;
+    legacy_request->publish_type = convertAidlNanPublishTypeToLegacy(aidl_request.publishType);
+    legacy_request->tx_type = convertAidlNanTxTypeToLegacy(aidl_request.txType);
+    legacy_request->service_responder_policy = aidl_request.autoAcceptDataPathRequests
+                                                       ? legacy_hal::NAN_SERVICE_ACCEPT_POLICY_ALL
+                                                       : legacy_hal::NAN_SERVICE_ACCEPT_POLICY_NONE;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy(const NanSubscribeRequest& aidl_request,
+                                            legacy_hal::NanSubscribeRequest* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: legacy_request is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->subscribe_id = aidl_request.baseConfigs.sessionId;
+    legacy_request->ttl = aidl_request.baseConfigs.ttlSec;
+    legacy_request->period = aidl_request.baseConfigs.discoveryWindowPeriod;
+    legacy_request->subscribe_count = aidl_request.baseConfigs.discoveryCount;
+    legacy_request->service_name_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceName.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_name_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_NAME_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "service_name_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_name, aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceName.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_name_len);
+    legacy_request->subscribe_match_indicator =
+            convertAidlNanMatchAlgToLegacy(aidl_request.baseConfigs.discoveryMatchIndicator);
+    legacy_request->service_specific_info_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceSpecificInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_specific_info_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "service_specific_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_specific_info,
+           aidl_request.baseConfigs.serviceSpecificInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_specific_info_len);
+    legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len =
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.extendedServiceSpecificInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len > NAN_MAX_SDEA_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "sdea_service_specific_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info,
+           aidl_request.baseConfigs.extendedServiceSpecificInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len);
+    legacy_request->rx_match_filter_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rxMatchFilter.size();
+    if (legacy_request->rx_match_filter_len > NAN_MAX_MATCH_FILTER_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "rx_match_filter_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->rx_match_filter, aidl_request.baseConfigs.rxMatchFilter.data(),
+           legacy_request->rx_match_filter_len);
+    legacy_request->tx_match_filter_len = aidl_request.baseConfigs.txMatchFilter.size();
+    if (legacy_request->tx_match_filter_len > NAN_MAX_MATCH_FILTER_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "tx_match_filter_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->tx_match_filter, aidl_request.baseConfigs.txMatchFilter.data(),
+           legacy_request->tx_match_filter_len);
+    legacy_request->rssi_threshold_flag = aidl_request.baseConfigs.useRssiThreshold;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg = 0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.disableDiscoveryTerminationIndication ? 0x1 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.disableMatchExpirationIndication ? 0x2 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg |=
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.disableFollowupReceivedIndication ? 0x4 : 0x0;
+    legacy_request->cipher_type = (unsigned int)aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.cipherType;
+    if (aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType == NanDataPathSecurityType::PMK) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PMK;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len =
+                aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.pmk.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len != NAN_PMK_INFO_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: invalid pmk_len";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk,
+               aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.pmk.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len);
+    }
+    if (aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType ==
+        NanDataPathSecurityType::PASSPHRASE) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PASSPHRASE;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len =
+                aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.passphrase.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len <
+            NAN_SECURITY_MIN_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too small";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len >
+            NAN_SECURITY_MAX_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too large";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase,
+               aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.passphrase.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len);
+    }
+    legacy_request->sdea_params.security_cfg =
+            (aidl_request.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType != NanDataPathSecurityType::OPEN)
+                    ? legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY
+                    : legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_NO_SECURITY;
+    legacy_request->sdea_params.ranging_state = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rangingRequired
+                                                        ? legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_ENABLE
+                                                        : legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_DISABLE;
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.ranging_interval_msec = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rangingIntervalMs;
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.config_ranging_indications =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(aidl_request.baseConfigs.configRangingIndications);
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.distance_ingress_mm =
+            aidl_request.baseConfigs.distanceIngressCm * 10;
+    legacy_request->ranging_cfg.distance_egress_mm = aidl_request.baseConfigs.distanceEgressCm * 10;
+    legacy_request->ranging_auto_response = aidl_request.baseConfigs.rangingRequired
+                                                    ? legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_AUTO_RESPONSE_ENABLE
+                                                    : legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_AUTO_RESPONSE_DISABLE;
+    legacy_request->sdea_params.range_report = legacy_hal::NAN_DISABLE_RANGE_REPORT;
+    legacy_request->subscribe_type =
+            convertAidlNanSubscribeTypeToLegacy(aidl_request.subscribeType);
+    legacy_request->serviceResponseFilter = convertAidlNanSrfTypeToLegacy(aidl_request.srfType);
+    legacy_request->serviceResponseInclude = aidl_request.srfRespondIfInAddressSet
+                                                     ? legacy_hal::NAN_SRF_INCLUDE_RESPOND
+                                                     : legacy_hal::NAN_SRF_INCLUDE_DO_NOT_RESPOND;
+    legacy_request->useServiceResponseFilter =
+            aidl_request.shouldUseSrf ? legacy_hal::NAN_USE_SRF : legacy_hal::NAN_DO_NOT_USE_SRF;
+    legacy_request->ssiRequiredForMatchIndication =
+            aidl_request.isSsiRequiredForMatch ? legacy_hal::NAN_SSI_REQUIRED_IN_MATCH_IND
+                                               : legacy_hal::NAN_SSI_NOT_REQUIRED_IN_MATCH_IND;
+    legacy_request->num_intf_addr_present = aidl_request.intfAddr.size();
+    if (legacy_request->num_intf_addr_present > NAN_MAX_SUBSCRIBE_MAX_ADDRESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "num_intf_addr_present - too many";
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < legacy_request->num_intf_addr_present; i++) {
+        memcpy(legacy_request->intf_addr[i], aidl_request.intfAddr[i].data.data(), 6);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanTransmitFollowupRequestToLegacy(
+        const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& aidl_request,
+        legacy_hal::NanTransmitFollowupRequest* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanTransmitFollowupRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "legacy_request is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->publish_subscribe_id = aidl_request.discoverySessionId;
+    legacy_request->requestor_instance_id = aidl_request.peerId;
+    memcpy(legacy_request->addr, aidl_request.addr.data(), 6);
+    legacy_request->priority = aidl_request.isHighPriority ? legacy_hal::NAN_TX_PRIORITY_HIGH
+                                                           : legacy_hal::NAN_TX_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
+    legacy_request->dw_or_faw = aidl_request.shouldUseDiscoveryWindow
+                                        ? legacy_hal::NAN_TRANSMIT_IN_DW
+                                        : legacy_hal::NAN_TRANSMIT_IN_FAW;
+    legacy_request->service_specific_info_len = aidl_request.serviceSpecificInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_specific_info_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanTransmitFollowupRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "service_specific_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_specific_info, aidl_request.serviceSpecificInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_specific_info_len);
+    legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len =
+            aidl_request.extendedServiceSpecificInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len > NAN_MAX_SDEA_SERVICE_SPECIFIC_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanTransmitFollowupRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "sdea_service_specific_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info,
+           aidl_request.extendedServiceSpecificInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->sdea_service_specific_info_len);
+    legacy_request->recv_indication_cfg = aidl_request.disableFollowupResultIndication ? 0x1 : 0x0;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy(
+        const NanInitiateDataPathRequest& aidl_request,
+        legacy_hal::NanDataPathInitiatorRequest* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "legacy_request is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->requestor_instance_id = aidl_request.peerId;
+    memcpy(legacy_request->peer_disc_mac_addr, aidl_request.peerDiscMacAddr.data(), 6);
+    legacy_request->channel_request_type =
+            convertAidlNanDataPathChannelCfgToLegacy(aidl_request.channelRequestType);
+    legacy_request->channel = aidl_request.channel;
+    if (strnlen(aidl_request.ifaceName.c_str(), IFNAMSIZ + 1) == IFNAMSIZ + 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "ifaceName too long";
+        return false;
+    }
+    strlcpy(legacy_request->ndp_iface, aidl_request.ifaceName.c_str(), IFNAMSIZ + 1);
+    legacy_request->ndp_cfg.security_cfg =
+            (aidl_request.securityConfig.securityType != NanDataPathSecurityType::OPEN)
+                    ? legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY
+                    : legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_NO_SECURITY;
+    legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info_len = aidl_request.appInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info_len > NAN_DP_MAX_APP_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "ndp_app_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info, aidl_request.appInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info_len);
+    legacy_request->cipher_type = (unsigned int)aidl_request.securityConfig.cipherType;
+    if (aidl_request.securityConfig.securityType == NanDataPathSecurityType::PMK) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PMK;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len = aidl_request.securityConfig.pmk.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len != NAN_PMK_INFO_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "invalid pmk_len";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk, aidl_request.securityConfig.pmk.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len);
+    }
+    if (aidl_request.securityConfig.securityType == NanDataPathSecurityType::PASSPHRASE) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PASSPHRASE;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len =
+                aidl_request.securityConfig.passphrase.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len <
+            NAN_SECURITY_MIN_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too small";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len >
+            NAN_SECURITY_MAX_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too large";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase,
+               aidl_request.securityConfig.passphrase.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len);
+    }
+    legacy_request->service_name_len = aidl_request.serviceNameOutOfBand.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_name_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_NAME_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: "
+                      "service_name_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_name, aidl_request.serviceNameOutOfBand.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_name_len);
+    legacy_request->scid_len = aidl_request.securityConfig.scid.size();
+    if (legacy_request->scid_len > NAN_MAX_SCID_BUF_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy: scid_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->scid, aidl_request.securityConfig.scid.data(), legacy_request->scid_len);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy(
+        const NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest& aidl_request,
+        legacy_hal::NanDataPathIndicationResponse* legacy_request) {
+    if (!legacy_request) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                      "legacy_request is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_request = {};
+
+    legacy_request->rsp_code = aidl_request.acceptRequest ? legacy_hal::NAN_DP_REQUEST_ACCEPT
+                                                          : legacy_hal::NAN_DP_REQUEST_REJECT;
+    legacy_request->ndp_instance_id = aidl_request.ndpInstanceId;
+    if (strnlen(aidl_request.ifaceName.c_str(), IFNAMSIZ + 1) == IFNAMSIZ + 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                      "ifaceName too long";
+        return false;
+    }
+    strlcpy(legacy_request->ndp_iface, aidl_request.ifaceName.c_str(), IFNAMSIZ + 1);
+    legacy_request->ndp_cfg.security_cfg =
+            (aidl_request.securityConfig.securityType != NanDataPathSecurityType::OPEN)
+                    ? legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY
+                    : legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_NO_SECURITY;
+    legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info_len = aidl_request.appInfo.size();
+    if (legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info_len > NAN_DP_MAX_APP_INFO_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                      "ndp_app_info_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info, aidl_request.appInfo.data(),
+           legacy_request->app_info.ndp_app_info_len);
+    legacy_request->cipher_type = (unsigned int)aidl_request.securityConfig.cipherType;
+    if (aidl_request.securityConfig.securityType == NanDataPathSecurityType::PMK) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PMK;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len = aidl_request.securityConfig.pmk.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len != NAN_PMK_INFO_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                          "invalid pmk_len";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk, aidl_request.securityConfig.pmk.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.pmk_info.pmk_len);
+    }
+    if (aidl_request.securityConfig.securityType == NanDataPathSecurityType::PASSPHRASE) {
+        legacy_request->key_info.key_type = legacy_hal::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PASSPHRASE;
+        legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len =
+                aidl_request.securityConfig.passphrase.size();
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len <
+            NAN_SECURITY_MIN_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too small";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len >
+            NAN_SECURITY_MAX_PASSPHRASE_LEN) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                          "passphrase_len too large";
+            return false;
+        }
+        memcpy(legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase,
+               aidl_request.securityConfig.passphrase.data(),
+               legacy_request->key_info.body.passphrase_info.passphrase_len);
+    }
+    legacy_request->service_name_len = aidl_request.serviceNameOutOfBand.size();
+    if (legacy_request->service_name_len > NAN_MAX_SERVICE_NAME_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: "
+                      "service_name_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->service_name, aidl_request.serviceNameOutOfBand.data(),
+           legacy_request->service_name_len);
+    legacy_request->scid_len = aidl_request.securityConfig.scid.size();
+    if (legacy_request->scid_len > NAN_MAX_SCID_BUF_LEN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy: scid_len too large";
+        return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(legacy_request->scid, aidl_request.securityConfig.scid.data(), legacy_request->scid_len);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanResponseHeaderToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanResponseMsg& legacy_response,
+                                          NanStatus* nanStatus) {
+    if (!nanStatus) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanResponseHeaderToAidl: nanStatus is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *nanStatus = {};
+
+    convertToNanStatus(legacy_response.status, legacy_response.nan_error,
+                       sizeof(legacy_response.nan_error), nanStatus);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanCapabilitiesResponseToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanCapabilities& legacy_response,
+                                                NanCapabilities* aidl_response) {
+    if (!aidl_response) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanCapabilitiesResponseToAidl: "
+                      "aidl_response is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_response = {};
+
+    aidl_response->maxConcurrentClusters = legacy_response.max_concurrent_nan_clusters;
+    aidl_response->maxPublishes = legacy_response.max_publishes;
+    aidl_response->maxSubscribes = legacy_response.max_subscribes;
+    aidl_response->maxServiceNameLen = legacy_response.max_service_name_len;
+    aidl_response->maxMatchFilterLen = legacy_response.max_match_filter_len;
+    aidl_response->maxTotalMatchFilterLen = legacy_response.max_total_match_filter_len;
+    aidl_response->maxServiceSpecificInfoLen = legacy_response.max_service_specific_info_len;
+    aidl_response->maxExtendedServiceSpecificInfoLen =
+            legacy_response.max_sdea_service_specific_info_len;
+    aidl_response->maxNdiInterfaces = legacy_response.max_ndi_interfaces;
+    aidl_response->maxNdpSessions = legacy_response.max_ndp_sessions;
+    aidl_response->maxAppInfoLen = legacy_response.max_app_info_len;
+    aidl_response->maxQueuedTransmitFollowupMsgs =
+            legacy_response.max_queued_transmit_followup_msgs;
+    aidl_response->maxSubscribeInterfaceAddresses = legacy_response.max_subscribe_address;
+    aidl_response->supportedCipherSuites =
+            static_cast<NanCipherSuiteType>(legacy_response.cipher_suites_supported);
+    aidl_response->instantCommunicationModeSupportFlag = legacy_response.is_instant_mode_supported;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanMatchIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanMatchInd& legacy_ind,
+                                    NanMatchInd* aidl_ind) {
+    if (!aidl_ind) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanMatchIndToAidl: aidl_ind is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ind = {};
+
+    aidl_ind->discoverySessionId = legacy_ind.publish_subscribe_id;
+    aidl_ind->peerId = legacy_ind.requestor_instance_id;
+    aidl_ind->addr = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    std::copy(legacy_ind.addr, legacy_ind.addr + 6, std::begin(aidl_ind->addr));
+    aidl_ind->serviceSpecificInfo = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_ind.service_specific_info,
+            legacy_ind.service_specific_info + legacy_ind.service_specific_info_len);
+    aidl_ind->extendedServiceSpecificInfo = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_ind.sdea_service_specific_info,
+            legacy_ind.sdea_service_specific_info + legacy_ind.sdea_service_specific_info_len);
+    aidl_ind->matchFilter =
+            std::vector<uint8_t>(legacy_ind.sdf_match_filter,
+                                 legacy_ind.sdf_match_filter + legacy_ind.sdf_match_filter_len);
+    aidl_ind->matchOccurredInBeaconFlag = legacy_ind.match_occured_flag == 1;  // NOTYPO
+    aidl_ind->outOfResourceFlag = legacy_ind.out_of_resource_flag == 1;
+    aidl_ind->rssiValue = legacy_ind.rssi_value;
+    aidl_ind->peerCipherType = (NanCipherSuiteType)legacy_ind.peer_cipher_type;
+    aidl_ind->peerRequiresSecurityEnabledInNdp =
+            legacy_ind.peer_sdea_params.security_cfg == legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY;
+    aidl_ind->peerRequiresRanging =
+            legacy_ind.peer_sdea_params.ranging_state == legacy_hal::NAN_RANGING_ENABLE;
+    aidl_ind->rangingMeasurementInMm = legacy_ind.range_info.range_measurement_mm;
+    aidl_ind->rangingIndicationType =
+            static_cast<NanRangingIndication>(legacy_ind.range_info.ranging_event_type);
+    aidl_ind->scid = std::vector<uint8_t>(legacy_ind.scid, legacy_ind.scid + legacy_ind.scid_len);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanFollowupIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanFollowupInd& legacy_ind,
+                                       NanFollowupReceivedInd* aidl_ind) {
+    if (!aidl_ind) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanFollowupIndToAidl: aidl_ind is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ind = {};
+
+    aidl_ind->discoverySessionId = legacy_ind.publish_subscribe_id;
+    aidl_ind->peerId = legacy_ind.requestor_instance_id;
+    aidl_ind->addr = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    std::copy(legacy_ind.addr, legacy_ind.addr + 6, std::begin(aidl_ind->addr));
+    aidl_ind->receivedInFaw = legacy_ind.dw_or_faw == 1;
+    aidl_ind->serviceSpecificInfo = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_ind.service_specific_info,
+            legacy_ind.service_specific_info + legacy_ind.service_specific_info_len);
+    aidl_ind->extendedServiceSpecificInfo = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_ind.sdea_service_specific_info,
+            legacy_ind.sdea_service_specific_info + legacy_ind.sdea_service_specific_info_len);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanDataPathRequestIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanDataPathRequestInd& legacy_ind,
+                                              NanDataPathRequestInd* aidl_ind) {
+    if (!aidl_ind) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanDataPathRequestIndToAidl: aidl_ind is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ind = {};
+
+    aidl_ind->discoverySessionId = legacy_ind.service_instance_id;
+    aidl_ind->peerDiscMacAddr = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    std::copy(legacy_ind.peer_disc_mac_addr, legacy_ind.peer_disc_mac_addr + 6,
+              std::begin(aidl_ind->peerDiscMacAddr));
+    aidl_ind->ndpInstanceId = legacy_ind.ndp_instance_id;
+    aidl_ind->securityRequired =
+            legacy_ind.ndp_cfg.security_cfg == legacy_hal::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY;
+    aidl_ind->appInfo = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_ind.app_info.ndp_app_info,
+            legacy_ind.app_info.ndp_app_info + legacy_ind.app_info.ndp_app_info_len);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNdpChannelInfoToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanChannelInfo& legacy_struct,
+                                       NanDataPathChannelInfo* aidl_struct) {
+    if (!aidl_struct) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNdpChannelInfoToAidl: aidl_struct is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_struct = {};
+
+    aidl_struct->channelFreq = legacy_struct.channel;
+    aidl_struct->channelBandwidth = convertLegacyWifiChannelWidthToAidl(
+            (legacy_hal::wifi_channel_width)legacy_struct.bandwidth);
+    aidl_struct->numSpatialStreams = legacy_struct.nss;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanDataPathConfirmIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanDataPathConfirmInd& legacy_ind,
+                                              NanDataPathConfirmInd* aidl_ind) {
+    if (!aidl_ind) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanDataPathConfirmIndToAidl: aidl_ind is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ind = {};
+
+    aidl_ind->ndpInstanceId = legacy_ind.ndp_instance_id;
+    aidl_ind->dataPathSetupSuccess = legacy_ind.rsp_code == legacy_hal::NAN_DP_REQUEST_ACCEPT;
+    aidl_ind->peerNdiMacAddr = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    std::copy(legacy_ind.peer_ndi_mac_addr, legacy_ind.peer_ndi_mac_addr + 6,
+              std::begin(aidl_ind->peerNdiMacAddr));
+    aidl_ind->appInfo = std::vector<uint8_t>(
+            legacy_ind.app_info.ndp_app_info,
+            legacy_ind.app_info.ndp_app_info + legacy_ind.app_info.ndp_app_info_len);
+    aidl_ind->status.status = convertLegacyNanStatusTypeToAidl(legacy_ind.reason_code);
+    aidl_ind->status.description = "";
+
+    std::vector<NanDataPathChannelInfo> channelInfo;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < legacy_ind.num_channels; ++i) {
+        NanDataPathChannelInfo aidl_struct;
+        if (!convertLegacyNdpChannelInfoToAidl(legacy_ind.channel_info[i], &aidl_struct)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        channelInfo.push_back(aidl_struct);
+    }
+    aidl_ind->channelInfo = channelInfo;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyNanDataPathScheduleUpdateIndToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd& legacy_ind,
+        NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd* aidl_ind) {
+    if (!aidl_ind) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "convertLegacyNanDataPathScheduleUpdateIndToAidl: "
+                      "aidl_ind is null";
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_ind = {};
+
+    aidl_ind->peerDiscoveryAddress = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    std::copy(legacy_ind.peer_mac_addr, legacy_ind.peer_mac_addr + 6,
+              std::begin(aidl_ind->peerDiscoveryAddress));
+    std::vector<NanDataPathChannelInfo> channelInfo;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < legacy_ind.num_channels; ++i) {
+        NanDataPathChannelInfo aidl_struct;
+        if (!convertLegacyNdpChannelInfoToAidl(legacy_ind.channel_info[i], &aidl_struct)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        channelInfo.push_back(aidl_struct);
+    }
+    aidl_ind->channelInfo = channelInfo;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> ndpInstanceIds;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < legacy_ind.num_ndp_instances; ++i) {
+        ndpInstanceIds.push_back(legacy_ind.ndp_instance_id[i]);
+    }
+    aidl_ind->ndpInstanceIds = uintToIntVec(ndpInstanceIds);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_type convertAidlRttTypeToLegacy(RttType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RttType::ONE_SIDED:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_TYPE_1_SIDED;
+        case RttType::TWO_SIDED:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_TYPE_2_SIDED;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+RttType convertLegacyRttTypeToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_TYPE_1_SIDED:
+            return RttType::ONE_SIDED;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_TYPE_2_SIDED:
+            return RttType::TWO_SIDED;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy type: " << type;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::rtt_peer_type convertAidlRttPeerTypeToLegacy(RttPeerType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RttPeerType::AP:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_PEER_AP;
+        case RttPeerType::STA:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_PEER_STA;
+        case RttPeerType::P2P_GO:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_PEER_P2P_GO;
+        case RttPeerType::P2P_CLIENT:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_PEER_P2P_CLIENT;
+        case RttPeerType::NAN_TYPE:
+            return legacy_hal::RTT_PEER_NAN;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_channel_width convertAidlWifiChannelWidthToLegacy(WifiChannelWidthInMhz type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_20:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_20;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_40:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_40;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_80;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_160:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_160;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80P80:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_80P80;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_5:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_5;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_10:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_10;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_320:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_320;
+        case WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_INVALID:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_INVALID;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+WifiChannelWidthInMhz convertLegacyWifiChannelWidthToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_channel_width type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_20:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_20;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_40:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_40;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_80:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_160:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_160;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_80P80:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80P80;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_5:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_5;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_10:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_10;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_320:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_320;
+        default:
+            return WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_INVALID;
+    };
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_preamble convertAidlRttPreambleToLegacy(RttPreamble type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RttPreamble::LEGACY:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_LEGACY;
+        case RttPreamble::HT:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HT;
+        case RttPreamble::VHT:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_VHT;
+        case RttPreamble::HE:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HE;
+        case RttPreamble::EHT:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_EHT;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+RttPreamble convertLegacyRttPreambleToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_preamble type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_LEGACY:
+            return RttPreamble::LEGACY;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HT:
+            return RttPreamble::HT;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_VHT:
+            return RttPreamble::VHT;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HE:
+            return RttPreamble::HE;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_EHT:
+            return RttPreamble::EHT;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy type: " << type;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_bw convertAidlRttBwToLegacy(RttBw type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RttBw::BW_5MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_5;
+        case RttBw::BW_10MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_10;
+        case RttBw::BW_20MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_20;
+        case RttBw::BW_40MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_40;
+        case RttBw::BW_80MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_80;
+        case RttBw::BW_160MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_160;
+        case RttBw::BW_320MHZ:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_320;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+RttBw convertLegacyRttBwToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_bw type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_5:
+            return RttBw::BW_5MHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_10:
+            return RttBw::BW_10MHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_20:
+            return RttBw::BW_20MHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_40:
+            return RttBw::BW_40MHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_80:
+            return RttBw::BW_80MHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_160:
+            return RttBw::BW_160MHZ;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_320:
+            return RttBw::BW_320MHZ;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy type: " << type;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_motion_pattern convertAidlRttMotionPatternToLegacy(RttMotionPattern type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case RttMotionPattern::NOT_EXPECTED:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_MOTION_NOT_EXPECTED;
+        case RttMotionPattern::EXPECTED:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_MOTION_EXPECTED;
+        case RttMotionPattern::UNKNOWN:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_MOTION_UNKNOWN;
+    };
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+WifiRatePreamble convertLegacyWifiRatePreambleToAidl(uint8_t preamble) {
+    switch (preamble) {
+        case 0:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::OFDM;
+        case 1:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::CCK;
+        case 2:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::HT;
+        case 3:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::VHT;
+        case 4:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::HE;
+        case 5:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::EHT;
+        default:
+            return WifiRatePreamble::RESERVED;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy preamble: " << preamble;
+}
+
+WifiRateNss convertLegacyWifiRateNssToAidl(uint8_t nss) {
+    switch (nss) {
+        case 0:
+            return WifiRateNss::NSS_1x1;
+        case 1:
+            return WifiRateNss::NSS_2x2;
+        case 2:
+            return WifiRateNss::NSS_3x3;
+        case 3:
+            return WifiRateNss::NSS_4x4;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy nss: " << nss;
+    return {};
+}
+
+RttStatus convertLegacyRttStatusToAidl(legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_status status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_SUCCESS:
+            return RttStatus::SUCCESS;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAILURE:
+            return RttStatus::FAILURE;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_NO_RSP:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_NO_RSP;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_REJECTED:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_REJECTED;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_NOT_SCHEDULED_YET:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_NOT_SCHEDULED_YET;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_TM_TIMEOUT:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_TM_TIMEOUT;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_AP_ON_DIFF_CHANNEL:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_AP_ON_DIFF_CHANNEL;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_NO_CAPABILITY:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_NO_CAPABILITY;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_ABORTED:
+            return RttStatus::ABORTED;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_INVALID_TS:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_INVALID_TS;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_PROTOCOL:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_PROTOCOL;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_SCHEDULE:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_SCHEDULE;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_BUSY_TRY_LATER:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_BUSY_TRY_LATER;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_INVALID_REQ:
+            return RttStatus::INVALID_REQ;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_NO_WIFI:
+            return RttStatus::NO_WIFI;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_FTM_PARAM_OVERRIDE:
+            return RttStatus::FAIL_FTM_PARAM_OVERRIDE;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_NAN_RANGING_PROTOCOL_FAILURE:
+            return RttStatus::NAN_RANGING_PROTOCOL_FAILURE;
+        case legacy_hal::RTT_STATUS_NAN_RANGING_CONCURRENCY_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+            return RttStatus::NAN_RANGING_CONCURRENCY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    };
+    CHECK(false) << "Unknown legacy status: " << status;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlWifiChannelInfoToLegacy(const WifiChannelInfo& aidl_info,
+                                        legacy_hal::wifi_channel_info* legacy_info) {
+    if (!legacy_info) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_info = {};
+    legacy_info->width = convertAidlWifiChannelWidthToLegacy(aidl_info.width);
+    legacy_info->center_freq = aidl_info.centerFreq;
+    legacy_info->center_freq0 = aidl_info.centerFreq0;
+    legacy_info->center_freq1 = aidl_info.centerFreq1;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiChannelInfoToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_channel_info& legacy_info,
+                                        WifiChannelInfo* aidl_info) {
+    if (!aidl_info) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_info = {};
+    aidl_info->width = convertLegacyWifiChannelWidthToAidl(legacy_info.width);
+    aidl_info->centerFreq = legacy_info.center_freq;
+    aidl_info->centerFreq0 = legacy_info.center_freq0;
+    aidl_info->centerFreq1 = legacy_info.center_freq1;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlRttConfigToLegacy(const RttConfig& aidl_config,
+                                  legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_config* legacy_config) {
+    if (!legacy_config) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_config = {};
+    CHECK(aidl_config.addr.size() == sizeof(legacy_config->addr));
+    memcpy(legacy_config->addr, aidl_config.addr.data(), aidl_config.addr.size());
+    legacy_config->type = convertAidlRttTypeToLegacy(aidl_config.type);
+    legacy_config->peer = convertAidlRttPeerTypeToLegacy(aidl_config.peer);
+    if (!convertAidlWifiChannelInfoToLegacy(aidl_config.channel, &legacy_config->channel)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_config->burst_period = aidl_config.burstPeriod;
+    legacy_config->num_burst = aidl_config.numBurst;
+    legacy_config->num_frames_per_burst = aidl_config.numFramesPerBurst;
+    legacy_config->num_retries_per_rtt_frame = aidl_config.numRetriesPerRttFrame;
+    legacy_config->num_retries_per_ftmr = aidl_config.numRetriesPerFtmr;
+    legacy_config->LCI_request = aidl_config.mustRequestLci;
+    legacy_config->LCR_request = aidl_config.mustRequestLcr;
+    legacy_config->burst_duration = aidl_config.burstDuration;
+    legacy_config->preamble = convertAidlRttPreambleToLegacy(aidl_config.preamble);
+    legacy_config->bw = convertAidlRttBwToLegacy(aidl_config.bw);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlVectorOfRttConfigToLegacy(
+        const std::vector<RttConfig>& aidl_configs,
+        std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_config>* legacy_configs) {
+    if (!legacy_configs) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_configs = {};
+    for (const auto& aidl_config : aidl_configs) {
+        legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_config legacy_config;
+        if (!convertAidlRttConfigToLegacy(aidl_config, &legacy_config)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        legacy_configs->push_back(legacy_config);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlRttLciInformationToLegacy(const RttLciInformation& aidl_info,
+                                          legacy_hal::wifi_lci_information* legacy_info) {
+    if (!legacy_info) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_info = {};
+    legacy_info->latitude = aidl_info.latitude;
+    legacy_info->longitude = aidl_info.longitude;
+    legacy_info->altitude = aidl_info.altitude;
+    legacy_info->latitude_unc = aidl_info.latitudeUnc;
+    legacy_info->longitude_unc = aidl_info.longitudeUnc;
+    legacy_info->altitude_unc = aidl_info.altitudeUnc;
+    legacy_info->motion_pattern = convertAidlRttMotionPatternToLegacy(aidl_info.motionPattern);
+    legacy_info->floor = aidl_info.floor;
+    legacy_info->height_above_floor = aidl_info.heightAboveFloor;
+    legacy_info->height_unc = aidl_info.heightUnc;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlRttLcrInformationToLegacy(const RttLcrInformation& aidl_info,
+                                          legacy_hal::wifi_lcr_information* legacy_info) {
+    if (!legacy_info) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_info = {};
+    CHECK(aidl_info.countryCode.size() == sizeof(legacy_info->country_code));
+    memcpy(legacy_info->country_code, aidl_info.countryCode.data(), aidl_info.countryCode.size());
+    if (aidl_info.civicInfo.size() > sizeof(legacy_info->civic_info)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_info->length = aidl_info.civicInfo.size();
+    memcpy(legacy_info->civic_info, aidl_info.civicInfo.c_str(), aidl_info.civicInfo.size());
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlRttResponderToLegacy(const RttResponder& aidl_responder,
+                                     legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_responder* legacy_responder) {
+    if (!legacy_responder) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_responder = {};
+    if (!convertAidlWifiChannelInfoToLegacy(aidl_responder.channel, &legacy_responder->channel)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    legacy_responder->preamble = convertAidlRttPreambleToLegacy(aidl_responder.preamble);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyRttResponderToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_responder& legacy_responder,
+                                     RttResponder* aidl_responder) {
+    if (!aidl_responder) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_responder = {};
+    if (!convertLegacyWifiChannelInfoToAidl(legacy_responder.channel, &aidl_responder->channel)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    aidl_responder->preamble = convertLegacyRttPreambleToAidl(legacy_responder.preamble);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyRttCapabilitiesToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_capabilities& legacy_capabilities,
+        RttCapabilities* aidl_capabilities) {
+    if (!aidl_capabilities) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_capabilities = {};
+    aidl_capabilities->rttOneSidedSupported = legacy_capabilities.rtt_one_sided_supported;
+    aidl_capabilities->rttFtmSupported = legacy_capabilities.rtt_ftm_supported;
+    aidl_capabilities->lciSupported = legacy_capabilities.lci_support;
+    aidl_capabilities->lcrSupported = legacy_capabilities.lcr_support;
+    aidl_capabilities->responderSupported = legacy_capabilities.responder_supported;
+    int32_t preambleSupport = 0;
+    for (const auto flag : {legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_LEGACY, legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HT,
+                            legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_VHT, legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HE,
+                            legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_EHT}) {
+        if (legacy_capabilities.preamble_support & flag) {
+            preambleSupport |= static_cast<std::underlying_type<RttPreamble>::type>(
+                    convertLegacyRttPreambleToAidl(flag));
+        }
+    }
+    aidl_capabilities->preambleSupport = static_cast<RttPreamble>(preambleSupport);
+    int32_t bwSupport = 0;
+    for (const auto flag :
+         {legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_5, legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_10, legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_20,
+          legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_40, legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_80, legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_160,
+          legacy_hal::WIFI_RTT_BW_320}) {
+        if (legacy_capabilities.bw_support & flag) {
+            bwSupport |=
+                    static_cast<std::underlying_type<RttBw>::type>(convertLegacyRttBwToAidl(flag));
+        }
+    }
+    aidl_capabilities->bwSupport = static_cast<RttBw>(bwSupport);
+    aidl_capabilities->mcVersion = legacy_capabilities.mc_version;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiRateInfoToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_rate& legacy_rate,
+                                     WifiRateInfo* aidl_rate) {
+    if (!aidl_rate) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_rate = {};
+    aidl_rate->preamble = convertLegacyWifiRatePreambleToAidl(legacy_rate.preamble);
+    aidl_rate->nss = convertLegacyWifiRateNssToAidl(legacy_rate.nss);
+    aidl_rate->bw = convertLegacyWifiChannelWidthToAidl(
+            static_cast<legacy_hal::wifi_channel_width>(legacy_rate.bw));
+    aidl_rate->rateMcsIdx = legacy_rate.rateMcsIdx;
+    aidl_rate->bitRateInKbps = legacy_rate.bitrate;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyRttResultToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_result& legacy_result,
+                                  RttResult* aidl_result) {
+    if (!aidl_result) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_result = {};
+    aidl_result->addr = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+    CHECK(sizeof(legacy_result.addr) == aidl_result->addr.size());
+    std::copy(legacy_result.addr, legacy_result.addr + 6, std::begin(aidl_result->addr));
+    aidl_result->burstNum = legacy_result.burst_num;
+    aidl_result->measurementNumber = legacy_result.measurement_number;
+    aidl_result->successNumber = legacy_result.success_number;
+    aidl_result->numberPerBurstPeer = legacy_result.number_per_burst_peer;
+    aidl_result->status = convertLegacyRttStatusToAidl(legacy_result.status);
+    aidl_result->retryAfterDuration = legacy_result.retry_after_duration;
+    aidl_result->type = convertLegacyRttTypeToAidl(legacy_result.type);
+    aidl_result->rssi = legacy_result.rssi;
+    aidl_result->rssiSpread = legacy_result.rssi_spread;
+    if (!convertLegacyWifiRateInfoToAidl(legacy_result.tx_rate, &aidl_result->txRate)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!convertLegacyWifiRateInfoToAidl(legacy_result.rx_rate, &aidl_result->rxRate)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    aidl_result->rtt = legacy_result.rtt;
+    aidl_result->rttSd = legacy_result.rtt_sd;
+    aidl_result->rttSpread = legacy_result.rtt_spread;
+    aidl_result->distanceInMm = legacy_result.distance_mm;
+    aidl_result->distanceSdInMm = legacy_result.distance_sd_mm;
+    aidl_result->distanceSpreadInMm = legacy_result.distance_spread_mm;
+    aidl_result->timeStampInUs = legacy_result.ts;
+    aidl_result->burstDurationInMs = legacy_result.burst_duration;
+    aidl_result->negotiatedBurstNum = legacy_result.negotiated_burst_num;
+    if (legacy_result.LCI && !convertLegacyIeToAidl(*legacy_result.LCI, &aidl_result->lci)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (legacy_result.LCR && !convertLegacyIeToAidl(*legacy_result.LCR, &aidl_result->lcr)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfRttResultToAidl(
+        const std::vector<const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_result*>& legacy_results,
+        std::vector<RttResult>* aidl_results) {
+    if (!aidl_results) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_results = {};
+    for (const auto legacy_result : legacy_results) {
+        RttResult aidl_result;
+        if (!convertLegacyRttResultToAidl(*legacy_result, &aidl_result)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        aidl_results->push_back(aidl_result);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_interface_type convertAidlIfaceTypeToLegacy(IfaceType aidl_interface_type) {
+    switch (aidl_interface_type) {
+        case IfaceType::STA:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_STA;
+        case IfaceType::AP:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_AP;
+        case IfaceType::P2P:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_P2P;
+        case IfaceType::NAN_IFACE:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_NAN;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+legacy_hal::wifi_multi_sta_use_case convertAidlMultiStaUseCaseToLegacy(
+        IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase use_case) {
+    switch (use_case) {
+        case IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase::DUAL_STA_TRANSIENT_PREFER_PRIMARY:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_DUAL_STA_TRANSIENT_PREFER_PRIMARY;
+        case IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase::DUAL_STA_NON_TRANSIENT_UNBIASED:
+            return legacy_hal::WIFI_DUAL_STA_NON_TRANSIENT_UNBIASED;
+    }
+    CHECK(false);
+}
+
+bool convertAidlCoexUnsafeChannelToLegacy(
+        const IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel& aidl_unsafe_channel,
+        legacy_hal::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel* legacy_unsafe_channel) {
+    if (!legacy_unsafe_channel) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_unsafe_channel = {};
+    switch (aidl_unsafe_channel.band) {
+        case WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ:
+            legacy_unsafe_channel->band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND;
+            break;
+        case WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ:
+            legacy_unsafe_channel->band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    };
+    legacy_unsafe_channel->channel = aidl_unsafe_channel.channel;
+    legacy_unsafe_channel->power_cap_dbm = aidl_unsafe_channel.powerCapDbm;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertAidlVectorOfCoexUnsafeChannelToLegacy(
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel>& aidl_unsafe_channels,
+        std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel>* legacy_unsafe_channels) {
+    if (!legacy_unsafe_channels) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *legacy_unsafe_channels = {};
+    for (const auto& aidl_unsafe_channel : aidl_unsafe_channels) {
+        legacy_hal::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel legacy_unsafe_channel;
+        if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlCoexUnsafeChannelToLegacy(aidl_unsafe_channel,
+                                                                    &legacy_unsafe_channel)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        legacy_unsafe_channels->push_back(legacy_unsafe_channel);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+WifiAntennaMode convertLegacyAntennaConfigurationToAidl(uint32_t antenna_cfg) {
+    switch (antenna_cfg) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_1X1:
+            return WifiAntennaMode::WIFI_ANTENNA_MODE_1X1;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_2X2:
+            return WifiAntennaMode::WIFI_ANTENNA_MODE_2X2;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_3X3:
+            return WifiAntennaMode::WIFI_ANTENNA_MODE_3X3;
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_4X4:
+            return WifiAntennaMode::WIFI_ANTENNA_MODE_4X4;
+        default:
+            return WifiAntennaMode::WIFI_ANTENNA_MODE_UNSPECIFIED;
+    }
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyWifiRadioConfigurationToAidl(
+        legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration* radio_configuration,
+        WifiRadioConfiguration* aidl_radio_configuration) {
+    if (!aidl_radio_configuration) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_radio_configuration = {};
+    aidl_radio_configuration->bandInfo =
+            aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyMacBandToAidlWifiBand(radio_configuration->band);
+    if (aidl_radio_configuration->bandInfo == WifiBand::BAND_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unspecified band";
+        return false;
+    }
+    aidl_radio_configuration->antennaMode =
+            aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyAntennaConfigurationToAidl(
+                    radio_configuration->antenna_cfg);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool convertLegacyRadioCombinationsMatrixToAidl(
+        legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination_matrix* legacy_matrix,
+        WifiRadioCombinationMatrix* aidl_matrix) {
+    if (!aidl_matrix || !legacy_matrix) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *aidl_matrix = {};
+
+    int num_combinations = legacy_matrix->num_radio_combinations;
+    std::vector<WifiRadioCombination> radio_combinations_vec;
+    if (!num_combinations) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "zero radio combinations";
+        return false;
+    }
+    wifi_radio_combination* l_radio_combinations_ptr = legacy_matrix->radio_combinations;
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_combinations; i++) {
+        int num_configurations = l_radio_combinations_ptr->num_radio_configurations;
+        WifiRadioCombination radioCombination;
+        std::vector<WifiRadioConfiguration> radio_configurations_vec;
+        if (!num_configurations) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "zero radio configurations";
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (int j = 0; j < num_configurations; j++) {
+            WifiRadioConfiguration radioConfiguration;
+            wifi_radio_configuration* l_radio_configurations_ptr =
+                    &l_radio_combinations_ptr->radio_configurations[j];
+            if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyWifiRadioConfigurationToAidl(
+                        l_radio_configurations_ptr, &radioConfiguration)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Error converting wifi radio configuration";
+                return false;
+            }
+            radio_configurations_vec.push_back(radioConfiguration);
+        }
+        radioCombination.radioConfigurations = radio_configurations_vec;
+        radio_combinations_vec.push_back(radioCombination);
+        l_radio_combinations_ptr =
+                (wifi_radio_combination*)((u8*)l_radio_combinations_ptr +
+                                          sizeof(wifi_radio_combination) +
+                                          (sizeof(wifi_radio_configuration) * num_configurations));
+    }
+    aidl_matrix->radioCombinations = radio_combinations_vec;
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl_struct_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_struct_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_struct_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ebfc10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_struct_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef AIDL_STRUCT_UTIL_H_
+#define AIDL_STRUCT_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiChip.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiChipEventCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/NanBandIndex.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/WifiDebugRingBufferFlags.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+/**
+ * This file contains a bunch of functions to convert structs from the legacy
+ * HAL to AIDL and vice versa.
+ */
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace aidl_struct_util {
+
+// Chip conversion methods.
+bool convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlChipCapabilities(uint64_t legacy_feature_set,
+                                                 uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set,
+                                                 uint32_t* aidl_caps);
+bool convertLegacyDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status& legacy_status,
+        WifiDebugRingBufferStatus* aidl_status);
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status>& legacy_status_vec,
+        std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>* aidl_status_vec);
+bool convertLegacyWakeReasonStatsToAidl(const legacy_hal::WakeReasonStats& legacy_stats,
+                                        WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats* aidl_stats);
+legacy_hal::wifi_power_scenario convertAidlTxPowerScenarioToLegacy(
+        IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario aidl_scenario);
+legacy_hal::wifi_latency_mode convertAidlLatencyModeToLegacy(
+        IWifiChip::LatencyMode aidl_latency_mode);
+bool convertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo>& legacy_mac_infos,
+        std::vector<IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo>* aidl_radio_mode_infos);
+legacy_hal::wifi_interface_type convertAidlIfaceTypeToLegacy(IfaceType aidl_interface_type);
+legacy_hal::wifi_multi_sta_use_case convertAidlMultiStaUseCaseToLegacy(
+        IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase use_case);
+bool convertAidlCoexUnsafeChannelToLegacy(
+        const IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel& aidl_unsafe_channel,
+        legacy_hal::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel* legacy_unsafe_channel);
+bool convertAidlVectorOfCoexUnsafeChannelToLegacy(
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel>& aidl_unsafe_channels,
+        std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel>* legacy_unsafe_channels);
+bool convertLegacyRadioCombinationsMatrixToAidl(
+        legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination_matrix* legacy_matrix,
+        WifiRadioCombinationMatrix* aidl_matrix);
+WifiBand convertLegacyMacBandToAidlWifiBand(uint32_t band);
+WifiAntennaMode convertLegacyAntennaConfigurationToAidl(uint32_t antenna_cfg);
+
+// STA iface conversion methods.
+bool convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlStaCapabilities(uint64_t legacy_feature_set,
+                                                uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set,
+                                                uint32_t* aidl_caps);
+bool convertLegacyApfCapabilitiesToAidl(const legacy_hal::PacketFilterCapabilities& legacy_caps,
+                                        StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities* aidl_caps);
+bool convertLegacyGscanCapabilitiesToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_gscan_capabilities& legacy_caps,
+                                          StaBackgroundScanCapabilities* aidl_caps);
+legacy_hal::wifi_band convertAidlWifiBandToLegacy(WifiBand band);
+bool convertAidlGscanParamsToLegacy(const StaBackgroundScanParameters& aidl_scan_params,
+                                    legacy_hal::wifi_scan_cmd_params* legacy_scan_params);
+// |has_ie_data| indicates whether or not the wifi_scan_result includes 802.11
+// Information Elements (IEs)
+bool convertLegacyGscanResultToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_scan_result& legacy_scan_result,
+                                    bool has_ie_data, StaScanResult* aidl_scan_result);
+// |cached_results| is assumed to not include IEs.
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfCachedGscanResultsToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_cached_scan_results>& legacy_cached_scan_results,
+        std::vector<StaScanData>* aidl_scan_datas);
+bool convertLegacyLinkLayerStatsToAidl(const legacy_hal::LinkLayerStats& legacy_stats,
+                                       StaLinkLayerStats* aidl_stats);
+bool convertLegacyRoamingCapabilitiesToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_roaming_capabilities& legacy_caps,
+        StaRoamingCapabilities* aidl_caps);
+bool convertAidlRoamingConfigToLegacy(const StaRoamingConfig& aidl_config,
+                                      legacy_hal::wifi_roaming_config* legacy_config);
+legacy_hal::fw_roaming_state_t convertAidlRoamingStateToLegacy(StaRoamingState state);
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_tx_report>& legacy_fates,
+        std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>* aidl_fates);
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_rx_report>& legacy_fates,
+        std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>* aidl_fates);
+
+// NAN iface conversion methods.
+void convertToNanStatus(legacy_hal::NanStatusType type, const char* str, size_t max_len,
+                        NanStatus* nanStatus);
+bool convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy(const NanEnableRequest& aidl_request1,
+                                         const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& aidl_request2,
+                                         legacy_hal::NanEnableRequest* legacy_request);
+bool convertAidlNanConfigRequestToLegacy(const NanConfigRequest& aidl_request1,
+                                         const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& aidl_request2,
+                                         legacy_hal::NanConfigRequest* legacy_request);
+bool convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy(const NanPublishRequest& aidl_request,
+                                          legacy_hal::NanPublishRequest* legacy_request);
+bool convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy(const NanSubscribeRequest& aidl_request,
+                                            legacy_hal::NanSubscribeRequest* legacy_request);
+bool convertAidlNanTransmitFollowupRequestToLegacy(
+        const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& aidl_request,
+        legacy_hal::NanTransmitFollowupRequest* legacy_request);
+bool convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy(
+        const NanInitiateDataPathRequest& aidl_request,
+        legacy_hal::NanDataPathInitiatorRequest* legacy_request);
+bool convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy(
+        const NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest& aidl_response,
+        legacy_hal::NanDataPathIndicationResponse* legacy_response);
+bool convertLegacyNanResponseHeaderToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanResponseMsg& legacy_response,
+                                          NanStatus* nanStatus);
+bool convertLegacyNanCapabilitiesResponseToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanCapabilities& legacy_response,
+                                                NanCapabilities* aidl_response);
+bool convertLegacyNanMatchIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanMatchInd& legacy_ind,
+                                    NanMatchInd* aidl_ind);
+bool convertLegacyNanFollowupIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanFollowupInd& legacy_ind,
+                                       NanFollowupReceivedInd* aidl_ind);
+bool convertLegacyNanDataPathRequestIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanDataPathRequestInd& legacy_ind,
+                                              NanDataPathRequestInd* aidl_ind);
+bool convertLegacyNanDataPathConfirmIndToAidl(const legacy_hal::NanDataPathConfirmInd& legacy_ind,
+                                              NanDataPathConfirmInd* aidl_ind);
+bool convertLegacyNanDataPathScheduleUpdateIndToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd& legacy_ind,
+        NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd* aidl_ind);
+
+// RTT controller conversion methods.
+bool convertAidlVectorOfRttConfigToLegacy(const std::vector<RttConfig>& aidl_configs,
+                                          std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_config>* legacy_configs);
+bool convertAidlRttLciInformationToLegacy(const RttLciInformation& aidl_info,
+                                          legacy_hal::wifi_lci_information* legacy_info);
+bool convertAidlRttLcrInformationToLegacy(const RttLcrInformation& aidl_info,
+                                          legacy_hal::wifi_lcr_information* legacy_info);
+bool convertAidlRttResponderToLegacy(const RttResponder& aidl_responder,
+                                     legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_responder* legacy_responder);
+bool convertAidlWifiChannelInfoToLegacy(const WifiChannelInfo& aidl_info,
+                                        legacy_hal::wifi_channel_info* legacy_info);
+bool convertLegacyRttResponderToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_responder& legacy_responder,
+                                     RttResponder* aidl_responder);
+bool convertLegacyRttCapabilitiesToAidl(
+        const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_capabilities& legacy_capabilities,
+        RttCapabilities* aidl_capabilities);
+bool convertLegacyVectorOfRttResultToAidl(
+        const std::vector<const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_result*>& legacy_results,
+        std::vector<RttResult>* aidl_results);
+uint32_t convertAidlWifiBandToLegacyMacBand(WifiBand band);
+uint32_t convertAidlWifiIfaceModeToLegacy(uint32_t aidl_iface_mask);
+uint32_t convertAidlUsableChannelFilterToLegacy(uint32_t aidl_filter_mask);
+bool convertLegacyWifiUsableChannelsToAidl(
+        const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_usable_channel>& legacy_usable_channels,
+        std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>* aidl_usable_channels);
+bool convertLegacyPeerInfoStatsToAidl(const legacy_hal::WifiPeerInfo& legacy_peer_info_stats,
+                                      StaPeerInfo* aidl_peer_info_stats);
+bool convertLegacyWifiRateInfoToAidl(const legacy_hal::wifi_rate& legacy_rate,
+                                     WifiRateInfo* aidl_rate);
+}  // namespace aidl_struct_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // AIDL_STRUCT_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_sync_util.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_sync_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d81eb81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_sync_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "aidl_sync_util.h"
+
+namespace {
+std::recursive_mutex g_mutex;
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace aidl_sync_util {
+
+std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> acquireGlobalLock() {
+    return std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>{g_mutex};
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl_sync_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_sync_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_sync_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a61cd3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/aidl_sync_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef AIDL_SYNC_UTIL_H_
+#define AIDL_SYNC_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+// Utility that provides a global lock to synchronize access between
+// the AIDL thread and the legacy HAL's event loop.
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace aidl_sync_util {
+std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> acquireGlobalLock();
+}  // namespace aidl_sync_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+#endif  // AIDL_SYNC_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service-lazy.rc b/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service-lazy.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12d3ff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service-lazy.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+service vendor.wifi_hal_legacy /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.wifi-service-lazy
+    interface aidl android.hardware.wifi.IWifi/default
+    oneshot
+    disabled
+    class hal
+    capabilities NET_ADMIN NET_RAW SYS_MODULE
+    user wifi
+    group wifi gps
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service.rc b/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec8acf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+service vendor.wifi_hal_legacy /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.wifi-service
+    interface aidl android.hardware.wifi.IWifi/default
+    class hal
+    capabilities NET_ADMIN NET_RAW SYS_MODULE
+    user wifi
+    group wifi gps
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service.xml b/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5398ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/android.hardware.wifi-service.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+	<hal format="aidl">
+		<name>android.hardware.wifi</name>
+		<fqname>IWifi/default</fqname>
+	</hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/ringbuffer.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/ringbuffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d08a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/ringbuffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "ringbuffer.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+Ringbuffer::Ringbuffer(size_t maxSize) : size_(0), maxSize_(maxSize) {}
+
+enum Ringbuffer::AppendStatus Ringbuffer::append(const std::vector<uint8_t>& input) {
+    if (input.size() == 0) {
+        return AppendStatus::FAIL_IP_BUFFER_ZERO;
+    }
+    if (input.size() > maxSize_) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Oversized message of " << input.size() << " bytes is dropped";
+        return AppendStatus::FAIL_IP_BUFFER_EXCEEDED_MAXSIZE;
+    }
+    data_.push_back(input);
+    size_ += input.size() * sizeof(input[0]);
+    while (size_ > maxSize_) {
+        if (data_.front().size() <= 0 || data_.front().size() > maxSize_) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "First buffer in the ring buffer is Invalid. Size: "
+                       << data_.front().size();
+            return AppendStatus::FAIL_RING_BUFFER_CORRUPTED;
+        }
+        size_ -= data_.front().size() * sizeof(data_.front()[0]);
+        data_.pop_front();
+    }
+    return AppendStatus::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+const std::list<std::vector<uint8_t>>& Ringbuffer::getData() const {
+    return data_;
+}
+
+void Ringbuffer::clear() {
+    data_.clear();
+    size_ = 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/ringbuffer.h b/wifi/aidl/default/ringbuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80c0c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/ringbuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RINGBUFFER_H_
+#define RINGBUFFER_H_
+
+#include <list>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * Ringbuffer object used to store debug data.
+ */
+class Ringbuffer {
+  public:
+    // Error codes for the append ring buffer operation
+    enum AppendStatus {
+        SUCCESS,
+        FAIL_GENERIC,
+        FAIL_IP_BUFFER_ZERO,
+        FAIL_IP_BUFFER_EXCEEDED_MAXSIZE,
+        FAIL_RING_BUFFER_CORRUPTED
+    };
+    explicit Ringbuffer(size_t maxSize);
+
+    // Appends the data buffer and deletes from the front until buffer is
+    // within |maxSize_|.
+    enum AppendStatus append(const std::vector<uint8_t>& input);
+    const std::list<std::vector<uint8_t>>& getData() const;
+    void clear();
+
+  private:
+    std::list<std::vector<uint8_t>> data_;
+    size_t size_;
+    size_t maxSize_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // RINGBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/service.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..789a7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "wifi.h"
+#include "wifi_feature_flags.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal_factory.h"
+#include "wifi_mode_controller.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHalFactory;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::mode_controller::WifiModeController;
+
+#ifdef LAZY_SERVICE
+const bool kLazyService = true;
+#else
+const bool kLazyService = false;
+#endif
+
+int main(int /*argc*/, char** argv) {
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::LogdLogger(android::base::SYSTEM));
+    LOG(INFO) << "Wifi Hal is booting up...";
+
+    // Prepare the RPC-serving thread pool. Allocate 1 thread in the pool,
+    // which our main thread will join below.
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+
+    const auto iface_tool = std::make_shared<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool>();
+    const auto legacy_hal_factory = std::make_shared<WifiLegacyHalFactory>(iface_tool);
+
+    // Setup binder service
+    std::shared_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::wifi::Wifi> service =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<aidl::android::hardware::wifi::Wifi>(
+                    iface_tool, legacy_hal_factory, std::make_shared<WifiModeController>(),
+                    std::make_shared<WifiFeatureFlags>());
+    std::string instance =
+            std::string() + aidl::android::hardware::wifi::Wifi::descriptor + "/default";
+    if (kLazyService) {
+        auto result =
+                AServiceManager_registerLazyService(service->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
+        CHECK_EQ(result, STATUS_OK) << "Failed to register lazy wifi HAL";
+    } else {
+        auto result = AServiceManager_addService(service->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
+        CHECK_EQ(result, STATUS_OK) << "Failed to register wifi HAL";
+    }
+
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    LOG(INFO) << "Joining RPC thread pool";
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Wifi Hal is terminating...";
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/aidl_struct_util_unit_tests.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/aidl_struct_util_unit_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a69c24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/aidl_struct_util_unit_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+
+using testing::Test;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint32_t kMacId1 = 1;
+constexpr uint32_t kMacId2 = 2;
+constexpr uint32_t kIfaceChannel1 = 3;
+constexpr uint32_t kIfaceChannel2 = 5;
+constexpr char kIfaceName1[] = "wlan0";
+constexpr char kIfaceName2[] = "wlan1";
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+class AidlStructUtilTest : public Test {};
+
+TEST_F(AidlStructUtilTest, CanConvertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidlWithOneMac) {
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo> legacy_mac_infos;
+    legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo legacy_mac_info1 = {
+            .wlan_mac_id = kMacId1,
+            .mac_band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND | legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND};
+    legacy_hal::WifiIfaceInfo legacy_iface_info1 = {.name = kIfaceName1, .channel = kIfaceChannel1};
+    legacy_hal::WifiIfaceInfo legacy_iface_info2 = {.name = kIfaceName2, .channel = kIfaceChannel2};
+    legacy_mac_info1.iface_infos.push_back(legacy_iface_info1);
+    legacy_mac_info1.iface_infos.push_back(legacy_iface_info2);
+    legacy_mac_infos.push_back(legacy_mac_info1);
+
+    std::vector<IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo> aidl_radio_mode_infos;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidl(legacy_mac_infos,
+                                                                  &aidl_radio_mode_infos));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, aidl_radio_mode_infos.size());
+    auto aidl_radio_mode_info1 = aidl_radio_mode_infos[0];
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_mac_info1.wlan_mac_id, (uint32_t)aidl_radio_mode_info1.radioId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ, aidl_radio_mode_info1.bandInfo);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, aidl_radio_mode_info1.ifaceInfos.size());
+    auto aidl_iface_info1 = aidl_radio_mode_info1.ifaceInfos[0];
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_iface_info1.name, aidl_iface_info1.name);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(legacy_iface_info1.channel), aidl_iface_info1.channel);
+    auto aidl_iface_info2 = aidl_radio_mode_info1.ifaceInfos[1];
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_iface_info2.name, aidl_iface_info2.name);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(legacy_iface_info2.channel), aidl_iface_info2.channel);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AidlStructUtilTest, CanConvertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidlWithTwoMac) {
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo> legacy_mac_infos;
+    legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo legacy_mac_info1 = {.wlan_mac_id = kMacId1,
+                                                .mac_band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND};
+    legacy_hal::WifiIfaceInfo legacy_iface_info1 = {.name = kIfaceName1, .channel = kIfaceChannel1};
+    legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo legacy_mac_info2 = {.wlan_mac_id = kMacId2,
+                                                .mac_band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND};
+    legacy_hal::WifiIfaceInfo legacy_iface_info2 = {.name = kIfaceName2, .channel = kIfaceChannel2};
+    legacy_mac_info1.iface_infos.push_back(legacy_iface_info1);
+    legacy_mac_infos.push_back(legacy_mac_info1);
+    legacy_mac_info2.iface_infos.push_back(legacy_iface_info2);
+    legacy_mac_infos.push_back(legacy_mac_info2);
+
+    std::vector<IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo> aidl_radio_mode_infos;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidl(legacy_mac_infos,
+                                                                  &aidl_radio_mode_infos));
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, aidl_radio_mode_infos.size());
+
+    // Find mac info 1.
+    const auto aidl_radio_mode_info1 =
+            std::find_if(aidl_radio_mode_infos.begin(), aidl_radio_mode_infos.end(),
+                         [&legacy_mac_info1](const IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo& x) {
+                             return (uint32_t)x.radioId == legacy_mac_info1.wlan_mac_id;
+                         });
+    ASSERT_NE(aidl_radio_mode_infos.end(), aidl_radio_mode_info1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ, aidl_radio_mode_info1->bandInfo);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, aidl_radio_mode_info1->ifaceInfos.size());
+    auto aidl_iface_info1 = aidl_radio_mode_info1->ifaceInfos[0];
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_iface_info1.name, aidl_iface_info1.name);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(legacy_iface_info1.channel), aidl_iface_info1.channel);
+
+    // Find mac info 2.
+    const auto aidl_radio_mode_info2 =
+            std::find_if(aidl_radio_mode_infos.begin(), aidl_radio_mode_infos.end(),
+                         [&legacy_mac_info2](const IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo& x) {
+                             return (uint32_t)x.radioId == legacy_mac_info2.wlan_mac_id;
+                         });
+    ASSERT_NE(aidl_radio_mode_infos.end(), aidl_radio_mode_info2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ, aidl_radio_mode_info2->bandInfo);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, aidl_radio_mode_info2->ifaceInfos.size());
+    auto aidl_iface_info2 = aidl_radio_mode_info2->ifaceInfos[0];
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_iface_info2.name, aidl_iface_info2.name);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(legacy_iface_info2.channel), aidl_iface_info2.channel);
+}
+
+TEST_F(AidlStructUtilTest, canConvertLegacyLinkLayerStatsToAidl) {
+    legacy_hal::LinkLayerStats legacy_stats{};
+    legacy_stats.radios.push_back(legacy_hal::LinkLayerRadioStats{});
+    legacy_stats.radios.push_back(legacy_hal::LinkLayerRadioStats{});
+    legacy_stats.peers.push_back(legacy_hal::WifiPeerInfo{});
+    legacy_stats.peers.push_back(legacy_hal::WifiPeerInfo{});
+    legacy_stats.iface.beacon_rx = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.rssi_mgmt = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].rx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].tx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].mpdu_lost = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].retries = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_min = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_max = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_avg = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_num_samples = rand();
+
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].rx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].tx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].mpdu_lost = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].retries = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_min = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_max = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_avg = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_num_samples = rand();
+
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].rx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].tx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].mpdu_lost = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].retries = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_min = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_max = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_avg = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_num_samples = rand();
+
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].rx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].tx_mpdu = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].mpdu_lost = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].retries = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_min = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_max = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_avg = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_num_samples = rand();
+
+    legacy_stats.iface.info.time_slicing_duty_cycle_percent = rand();
+    legacy_stats.iface.num_peers = 1;
+
+    for (auto& radio : legacy_stats.radios) {
+        radio.stats.radio = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time = rand();
+        radio.stats.tx_time = rand();
+        radio.stats.rx_time = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time_scan = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time_nbd = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time_gscan = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time_roam_scan = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time_pno_scan = rand();
+        radio.stats.on_time_hs20 = rand();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            radio.tx_time_per_levels.push_back(rand());
+        }
+
+        legacy_hal::wifi_channel_stat channel_stat1 = {
+                .channel = {legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_20, 2437, 2437, 0},
+                .on_time = 0x1111,
+                .cca_busy_time = 0x55,
+        };
+        legacy_hal::wifi_channel_stat channel_stat2 = {
+                .channel = {legacy_hal::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_20, 5180, 5180, 0},
+                .on_time = 0x2222,
+                .cca_busy_time = 0x66,
+        };
+        radio.channel_stats.push_back(channel_stat1);
+        radio.channel_stats.push_back(channel_stat2);
+    }
+
+    for (auto& peer : legacy_stats.peers) {
+        peer.peer_info.bssload.sta_count = rand();
+        peer.peer_info.bssload.chan_util = rand();
+        wifi_rate_stat rate_stat1 = {
+                .rate = {3, 1, 2, 5, 0, 0},
+                .tx_mpdu = 0,
+                .rx_mpdu = 1,
+                .mpdu_lost = 2,
+                .retries = 3,
+                .retries_short = 4,
+                .retries_long = 5,
+        };
+        wifi_rate_stat rate_stat2 = {
+                .rate = {2, 2, 1, 6, 0, 1},
+                .tx_mpdu = 6,
+                .rx_mpdu = 7,
+                .mpdu_lost = 8,
+                .retries = 9,
+                .retries_short = 10,
+                .retries_long = 11,
+        };
+        peer.rate_stats.push_back(rate_stat1);
+        peer.rate_stats.push_back(rate_stat2);
+    }
+
+    StaLinkLayerStats converted{};
+    aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyLinkLayerStatsToAidl(legacy_stats, &converted);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.beacon_rx, (uint32_t)converted.iface.beaconRx);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.rssi_mgmt, converted.iface.avgRssiMgmt);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].rx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeBePktStats.rxMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].tx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeBePktStats.txMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].mpdu_lost,
+              converted.iface.wmeBePktStats.lostMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].retries,
+              converted.iface.wmeBePktStats.retries);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_min,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_max,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_time_avg,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BE].contention_num_samples,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBeContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].rx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeBkPktStats.rxMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].tx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeBkPktStats.txMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].mpdu_lost,
+              converted.iface.wmeBkPktStats.lostMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].retries,
+              converted.iface.wmeBkPktStats.retries);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_min,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_max,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_time_avg,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_BK].contention_num_samples,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeBkContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].rx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeViPktStats.rxMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].tx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeViPktStats.txMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].mpdu_lost,
+              converted.iface.wmeViPktStats.lostMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].retries,
+              converted.iface.wmeViPktStats.retries);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_min,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_max,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_time_avg,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VI].contention_num_samples,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeViContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].rx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeVoPktStats.rxMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].tx_mpdu,
+              converted.iface.wmeVoPktStats.txMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].mpdu_lost,
+              converted.iface.wmeVoPktStats.lostMpdu);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].retries,
+              converted.iface.wmeVoPktStats.retries);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_min,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMinInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_max,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeMaxInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_time_avg,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionTimeAvgInUsec);
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.ac[legacy_hal::WIFI_AC_VO].contention_num_samples,
+              (uint32_t)converted.iface.wmeVoContentionTimeStats.contentionNumSamples);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.iface.info.time_slicing_duty_cycle_percent,
+              converted.iface.timeSliceDutyCycleInPercent);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios.size(), converted.radios.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < legacy_stats.radios.size(); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.radio, converted.radios[i].radioId);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time, (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMs);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.tx_time, (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].txTimeInMs);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.rx_time, (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].rxTimeInMs);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time_scan,
+                  (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMsForScan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].tx_time_per_levels.size(),
+                  converted.radios[i].txTimeInMsPerLevel.size());
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < legacy_stats.radios[i].tx_time_per_levels.size(); j++) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].tx_time_per_levels[j],
+                      (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].txTimeInMsPerLevel[j]);
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time_nbd,
+                  (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMsForNanScan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time_gscan,
+                  (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMsForBgScan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time_roam_scan,
+                  (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMsForRoamScan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time_pno_scan,
+                  (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMsForPnoScan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].stats.on_time_hs20,
+                  (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].onTimeInMsForHs20Scan);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.radios[i].channel_stats.size(),
+                  converted.radios[i].channelStats.size());
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < legacy_stats.radios[i].channel_stats.size(); k++) {
+            auto& legacy_channel_st = legacy_stats.radios[i].channel_stats[k];
+            EXPECT_EQ(WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_20,
+                      converted.radios[i].channelStats[k].channel.width);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_channel_st.channel.center_freq,
+                      converted.radios[i].channelStats[k].channel.centerFreq);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_channel_st.channel.center_freq0,
+                      converted.radios[i].channelStats[k].channel.centerFreq0);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_channel_st.channel.center_freq1,
+                      converted.radios[i].channelStats[k].channel.centerFreq1);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_channel_st.cca_busy_time,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].channelStats[k].ccaBusyTimeInMs);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_channel_st.on_time,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.radios[i].channelStats[k].onTimeInMs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers.size(), converted.iface.peers.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < legacy_stats.peers.size(); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].peer_info.bssload.sta_count,
+                  converted.iface.peers[i].staCount);
+        EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].peer_info.bssload.chan_util,
+                  converted.iface.peers[i].chanUtil);
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats.size(); j++) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].rate.preamble,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].rateInfo.preamble);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].rate.nss,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].rateInfo.nss);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].rate.bw,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].rateInfo.bw);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].rate.rateMcsIdx,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].rateInfo.rateMcsIdx);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].tx_mpdu,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].txMpdu);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].rx_mpdu,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].rxMpdu);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].mpdu_lost,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].mpduLost);
+            EXPECT_EQ(legacy_stats.peers[i].rate_stats[j].retries,
+                      (uint32_t)converted.iface.peers[i].rateStats[j].retries);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(AidlStructUtilTest, CanConvertLegacyFeaturesToAidl) {
+    using AidlChipCaps = IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask;
+
+    uint32_t aidl_caps;
+
+    uint32_t legacy_feature_set = WIFI_FEATURE_D2D_RTT | WIFI_FEATURE_SET_LATENCY_MODE;
+    uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set = legacy_hal::WIFI_LOGGER_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlChipCapabilities(
+            legacy_feature_set, legacy_logger_feature_set, &aidl_caps));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ((uint32_t)AidlChipCaps::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA |
+                      (uint32_t)AidlChipCaps::DEBUG_HOST_WAKE_REASON_STATS |
+                      (uint32_t)AidlChipCaps::DEBUG_ERROR_ALERTS | (uint32_t)AidlChipCaps::D2D_RTT |
+                      (uint32_t)AidlChipCaps::SET_LATENCY_MODE |
+                      (uint32_t)AidlChipCaps::DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP,
+              aidl_caps);
+}
+
+void insertRadioCombination(legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination* dst_radio_combination_ptr,
+                            int num_radio_configurations,
+                            legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration* radio_configuration) {
+    dst_radio_combination_ptr->num_radio_configurations = num_radio_configurations;
+    memcpy(dst_radio_combination_ptr->radio_configurations, radio_configuration,
+           num_radio_configurations * sizeof(legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration));
+}
+
+void verifyRadioCombination(WifiRadioCombination* radioCombination, size_t num_radio_configurations,
+                            legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration* radio_configuration) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(num_radio_configurations, radioCombination->radioConfigurations.size());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_radio_configurations; i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyMacBandToAidlWifiBand(radio_configuration->band),
+                  radioCombination->radioConfigurations[i].bandInfo);
+        EXPECT_EQ(aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyAntennaConfigurationToAidl(
+                          radio_configuration->antenna_cfg),
+                  radioCombination->radioConfigurations[i].antennaMode);
+        radio_configuration++;
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(AidlStructUtilTest, canConvertLegacyRadioCombinationsMatrixToAidl) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration radio_configurations_array1[] = {
+            {.band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND, .antenna_cfg = legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_1X1},
+    };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration radio_configurations_array2[] = {
+            {.band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND, .antenna_cfg = legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_2X2},
+            {.band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND, .antenna_cfg = legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_3X3},
+    };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_radio_configuration radio_configurations_array3[] = {
+            {.band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND, .antenna_cfg = legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_2X2},
+            {.band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND, .antenna_cfg = legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_1X1},
+            {.band = legacy_hal::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND, .antenna_cfg = legacy_hal::WIFI_ANTENNA_4X4},
+    };
+
+    int num_radio_configs = 0;
+    int num_combinations = 0;
+    std::array<char, 256> buffer;
+    buffer.fill(0);
+    legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination_matrix* legacy_matrix =
+            reinterpret_cast<wifi_radio_combination_matrix*>(buffer.data());
+    legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination* radio_combinations;
+
+    // Prepare a legacy wifi_radio_combination_matrix
+    legacy_matrix->num_radio_combinations = 3;
+    // Insert first combination
+    radio_combinations =
+            (legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination*)((char*)legacy_matrix->radio_combinations);
+    insertRadioCombination(
+            radio_combinations,
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array1) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array1[0]),
+            radio_configurations_array1);
+    num_combinations++;
+    num_radio_configs +=
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array1) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array1[0]);
+
+    // Insert second combination
+    radio_combinations =
+            (legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination*)((char*)legacy_matrix->radio_combinations +
+                                                  (num_combinations *
+                                                   sizeof(legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination)) +
+                                                  (num_radio_configs *
+                                                   sizeof(wifi_radio_configuration)));
+    insertRadioCombination(
+            radio_combinations,
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array2) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array2[0]),
+            radio_configurations_array2);
+    num_combinations++;
+    num_radio_configs +=
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array2) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array2[0]);
+
+    // Insert third combination
+    radio_combinations =
+            (legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination*)((char*)legacy_matrix->radio_combinations +
+                                                  (num_combinations *
+                                                   sizeof(legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination)) +
+                                                  (num_radio_configs *
+                                                   sizeof(wifi_radio_configuration)));
+    insertRadioCombination(
+            radio_combinations,
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array3) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array3[0]),
+            radio_configurations_array3);
+
+    WifiRadioCombinationMatrix converted_matrix{};
+    aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyRadioCombinationsMatrixToAidl(legacy_matrix, &converted_matrix);
+
+    // Verify the conversion
+    EXPECT_EQ(legacy_matrix->num_radio_combinations, converted_matrix.radioCombinations.size());
+    verifyRadioCombination(
+            &converted_matrix.radioCombinations[0],
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array1) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array1[0]),
+            radio_configurations_array1);
+    verifyRadioCombination(
+            &converted_matrix.radioCombinations[1],
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array2) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array2[0]),
+            radio_configurations_array2);
+    verifyRadioCombination(
+            &converted_matrix.radioCombinations[2],
+            sizeof(radio_configurations_array3) / sizeof(radio_configurations_array3[0]),
+            radio_configurations_array3);
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/main.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..767422c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ::testing::InitGoogleMock(&argc, argv);
+    // Force ourselves to always log to stderr
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::StderrLogger);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_interface_tool.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_interface_tool.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79f3d1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_interface_tool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "mock_interface_tool.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace wifi_system {
+
+MockInterfaceTool::MockInterfaceTool() {}
+
+}  // namespace wifi_system
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_interface_tool.h b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_interface_tool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9795de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_interface_tool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MOCK_INTERFACE_TOOL_H
+#define MOCK_INTERFACE_TOOL_H
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <wifi_system/interface_tool.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace wifi_system {
+
+class MockInterfaceTool : public InterfaceTool {
+  public:
+    MockInterfaceTool();
+
+    MOCK_METHOD1(GetUpState, bool(const char* if_name));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(SetUpState, bool(const char* if_name, bool request_up));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(SetWifiUpState, bool(bool request_up));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(SetMacAddress,
+                 bool(const char* if_name, const std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>& address));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(GetFactoryMacAddress, std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>(const char* if_name));
+
+};  // class MockInterfaceTool
+
+}  // namespace wifi_system
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // MOCK_INTERFACE_TOOL_H
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c4e59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "mock_wifi_feature_flags.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace feature_flags {
+
+MockWifiFeatureFlags::MockWifiFeatureFlags() {}
+
+}  // namespace feature_flags
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.h b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9143d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_feature_flags.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MOCK_WIFI_FEATURE_FLAGS_H_
+#define MOCK_WIFI_FEATURE_FLAGS_H_
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_feature_flags.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace feature_flags {
+
+class MockWifiFeatureFlags : public WifiFeatureFlags {
+  public:
+    MockWifiFeatureFlags();
+
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getChipModes, std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>(bool is_primary));
+    MOCK_METHOD0(isApMacRandomizationDisabled, bool());
+};
+
+}  // namespace feature_flags
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // MOCK_WIFI_FEATURE_FLAGS_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f787f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "mock_wifi_iface_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace iface_util {
+
+MockWifiIfaceUtil::MockWifiIfaceUtil(
+        const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+        const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal)
+    : WifiIfaceUtil(iface_tool, legacy_hal) {}
+
+}  // namespace iface_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a8636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_iface_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MOCK_WIFI_IFACE_UTIL_H_
+#define MOCK_WIFI_IFACE_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_iface_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace iface_util {
+
+class MockWifiIfaceUtil : public iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil {
+  public:
+    MockWifiIfaceUtil(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+                      const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal);
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getFactoryMacAddress, std::array<uint8_t, 6>(const std::string&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(setMacAddress, bool(const std::string&, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD0(getOrCreateRandomMacAddress, std::array<uint8_t, 6>());
+    MOCK_METHOD2(registerIfaceEventHandlers,
+                 void(const std::string&, iface_util::IfaceEventHandlers));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(unregisterIfaceEventHandlers, void(const std::string&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(setUpState, bool(const std::string&, bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(ifNameToIndex, unsigned(const std::string&));
+};
+
+}  // namespace iface_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // MOCK_WIFI_IFACE_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33b2b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace legacy_hal {
+
+MockWifiLegacyHal::MockWifiLegacyHal(
+        const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+        const wifi_hal_fn& fn, bool is_primary)
+    : WifiLegacyHal(iface_tool, fn, is_primary) {}
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28129a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MOCK_WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_H_
+#define MOCK_WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_H_
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace legacy_hal {
+
+class MockWifiLegacyHal : public WifiLegacyHal {
+  public:
+    MockWifiLegacyHal(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+                      const wifi_hal_fn& fn, bool is_primary);
+    MOCK_METHOD0(initialize, wifi_error());
+    MOCK_METHOD0(start, wifi_error());
+    MOCK_METHOD2(stop,
+                 wifi_error(std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>*, const std::function<void()>&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(setDfsFlag, wifi_error(const std::string&, bool));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(registerRadioModeChangeCallbackHandler,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string&, const on_radio_mode_change_callback&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getFirmwareVersion,
+                 std::pair<wifi_error, std::string>(const std::string& iface_name));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getDriverVersion,
+                 std::pair<wifi_error, std::string>(const std::string& iface_name));
+
+    MOCK_METHOD2(selectTxPowerScenario,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_power_scenario scenario));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(resetTxPowerScenario, wifi_error(const std::string& iface_name));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(nanRegisterCallbackHandlers,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string&, const NanCallbackHandlers&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(nanDisableRequest, wifi_error(const std::string&, transaction_id));
+    MOCK_METHOD3(nanDataInterfaceDelete,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string&, transaction_id, const std::string&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(createVirtualInterface,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string& ifname, wifi_interface_type iftype));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(deleteVirtualInterface, wifi_error(const std::string& ifname));
+    MOCK_METHOD0(waitForDriverReady, wifi_error());
+    MOCK_METHOD2(getSupportedIfaceName, wifi_error(uint32_t, std::string&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(registerSubsystemRestartCallbackHandler,
+                 wifi_error(const on_subsystem_restart_callback&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getSupportedFeatureSet, std::pair<wifi_error, uint64_t>(const std::string&));
+};
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // MOCK_WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4cc4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#undef NAN  // This is weird, NAN is defined in bionic/libc/include/math.h:38
+#include "mock_wifi_mode_controller.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace mode_controller {
+
+MockWifiModeController::MockWifiModeController() : WifiModeController() {}
+
+}  // namespace mode_controller
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.h b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f77f7d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/mock_wifi_mode_controller.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MOCK_WIFI_MODE_CONTROLLER_H_
+#define MOCK_WIFI_MODE_CONTROLLER_H_
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_mode_controller.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace mode_controller {
+
+class MockWifiModeController : public WifiModeController {
+  public:
+    MockWifiModeController();
+    MOCK_METHOD0(initialize, bool());
+    MOCK_METHOD1(changeFirmwareMode, bool(IfaceType));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(isFirmwareModeChangeNeeded, bool(IfaceType));
+    MOCK_METHOD0(deinitialize, bool());
+};
+}  // namespace mode_controller
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // MOCK_WIFI_MODE_CONTROLLER_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/ringbuffer_unit_tests.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/ringbuffer_unit_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c257100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/ringbuffer_unit_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "ringbuffer.h"
+
+using testing::Return;
+using testing::Test;
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+class RingbufferTest : public Test {
+  public:
+    const uint32_t maxBufferSize_ = 10;
+    Ringbuffer buffer_{maxBufferSize_};
+};
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, CreateEmptyBuffer) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer_.getData().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, CanUseFullBufferCapacity) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input(maxBufferSize_ / 2, '0');
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input2(maxBufferSize_ / 2, '1');
+    buffer_.append(input);
+    buffer_.append(input2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, buffer_.getData().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(input, buffer_.getData().front());
+    EXPECT_EQ(input2, buffer_.getData().back());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, OldDataIsRemovedOnOverflow) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input(maxBufferSize_ / 2, '0');
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input2(maxBufferSize_ / 2, '1');
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input3 = {'G'};
+    buffer_.append(input);
+    buffer_.append(input2);
+    buffer_.append(input3);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, buffer_.getData().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(input2, buffer_.getData().front());
+    EXPECT_EQ(input3, buffer_.getData().back());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, MultipleOldDataIsRemovedOnOverflow) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input(maxBufferSize_ / 2, '0');
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input2(maxBufferSize_ / 2, '1');
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input3(maxBufferSize_, '2');
+    buffer_.append(input);
+    buffer_.append(input2);
+    buffer_.append(input3);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, buffer_.getData().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(input3, buffer_.getData().front());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, AppendingEmptyBufferDoesNotAddGarbage) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input = {};
+    buffer_.append(input);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer_.getData().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, OversizedAppendIsDropped) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input(maxBufferSize_ + 1, '0');
+    buffer_.append(input);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(buffer_.getData().empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RingbufferTest, OversizedAppendDoesNotDropExistingData) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input(maxBufferSize_, '0');
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> input2(maxBufferSize_ + 1, '1');
+    buffer_.append(input);
+    buffer_.append(input2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, buffer_.getData().size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(input, buffer_.getData().front());
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/runtests.sh b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/runtests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1f53ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/runtests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Copyright(C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0(the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http:// www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+if [ -z $ANDROID_BUILD_TOP ]; then
+  echo "You need to source and lunch before you can use this script"
+  exit 1
+fi
+set -e
+
+$ANDROID_BUILD_TOP/build/soong/soong_ui.bash --make-mode android.hardware.wifi-service-tests
+adb root
+adb sync data
+adb shell /data/nativetest64/vendor/android.hardware.wifi-service-tests/android.hardware.wifi-service-tests
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e66b650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,855 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_chip.h"
+
+#include "mock_interface_tool.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_feature_flags.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_iface_util.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_mode_controller.h"
+
+using testing::NiceMock;
+using testing::Return;
+using testing::Test;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr int kFakeChipId = 5;
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+class WifiChipTest : public Test {
+  protected:
+    void setupV1IfaceCombination() {
+        // clang-format off
+		// 1 STA + 1 P2P
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinationsSta =
+		{
+        	{
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 1},
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+		};
+		// 1 AP
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinationsAp =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::AP}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Sta, combinationsSta},
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Ap, combinationsAp}
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+        EXPECT_CALL(*feature_flags_, getChipModes(true)).WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(modes));
+    }
+
+    void setupV1_AwareIfaceCombination() {
+        // clang-format off
+		// 1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN)
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinationsSta =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 1},
+              		{{IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P, IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+		// 1 AP
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinationsAp =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::AP}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Sta, combinationsSta},
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Ap, combinationsAp}
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+        EXPECT_CALL(*feature_flags_, getChipModes(true)).WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(modes));
+    }
+
+    void setupV1_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombination() {
+        // clang-format off
+		// 1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN)
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinationsSta =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 1},
+              		{{IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P, IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Sta, combinationsSta}
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+        EXPECT_CALL(*feature_flags_, getChipModes(true)).WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(modes));
+    }
+
+    void setupV2_AwareIfaceCombination() {
+        // clang-format off
+		// (1 STA + 1 AP) or (1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinations =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 1},
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::AP}, 1}
+				}
+			},
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 1},
+              		{{IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P, IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV3, combinations}
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+        EXPECT_CALL(*feature_flags_, getChipModes(true)).WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(modes));
+    }
+
+    void setupV2_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombination() {
+        // clang-format off
+		// 1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN)
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinations =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 1},
+              		{{IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P, IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV3, combinations}
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+        EXPECT_CALL(*feature_flags_, getChipModes(true)).WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(modes));
+    }
+
+    void setup_MultiIfaceCombination() {
+        // clang-format off
+		// 3 STA + 1 AP
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combinations =
+		{
+            {
+				{
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}, 3},
+					{{IfaceConcurrencyType::AP}, 1}
+				}
+			}
+        };
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
+            {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV3, combinations}
+        };
+        // clang-format on
+        EXPECT_CALL(*feature_flags_, getChipModes(true)).WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(modes));
+    }
+
+    void assertNumberOfModes(uint32_t num_modes) {
+        std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->getAvailableModes(&modes).isOk());
+        // V2_Aware has 1 mode of operation.
+        ASSERT_EQ(num_modes, modes.size());
+    }
+
+    void findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(const IfaceConcurrencyType& type) {
+        // This should be aligned with kInvalidModeId in wifi_chip.cpp
+        int32_t mode_id = INT32_MAX;
+        std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->getAvailableModes(&modes).isOk());
+
+        for (const auto& mode : modes) {
+            for (const auto& combination : mode.availableCombinations) {
+                for (const auto& limit : combination.limits) {
+                    if (limit.types.end() !=
+                        std::find(limit.types.begin(), limit.types.end(), type)) {
+                        mode_id = mode.id;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_NE(INT32_MAX, mode_id);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->configureChip(mode_id).isOk());
+    }
+
+    // Returns an empty string on error.
+    std::string createIface(const IfaceType& type) {
+        std::string iface_name;
+        if (type == IfaceType::AP) {
+            std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface;
+            if (!chip_->createApIface(&iface).isOk()) {
+                return "";
+            }
+            EXPECT_NE(iface.get(), nullptr);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        } else if (type == IfaceType::NAN_IFACE) {
+            std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> iface;
+            if (!chip_->createNanIface(&iface).isOk()) {
+                return "";
+            }
+            EXPECT_NE(iface.get(), nullptr);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        } else if (type == IfaceType::P2P) {
+            std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> iface;
+            if (!chip_->createP2pIface(&iface).isOk()) {
+                return "";
+            }
+            EXPECT_NE(iface.get(), nullptr);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        } else if (type == IfaceType::STA) {
+            std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface;
+            if (!chip_->createStaIface(&iface).isOk()) {
+                return "";
+            }
+            EXPECT_NE(iface.get(), nullptr);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        }
+        return iface_name;
+    }
+
+    void removeIface(const IfaceType& type, const std::string& iface_name) {
+        if (type == IfaceType::AP) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->removeApIface(iface_name).isOk());
+        } else if (type == IfaceType::NAN_IFACE) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->removeNanIface(iface_name).isOk());
+        } else if (type == IfaceType::P2P) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->removeP2pIface(iface_name).isOk());
+        } else if (type == IfaceType::STA) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->removeStaIface(iface_name).isOk());
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool createRttController() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController> rtt_controller;
+        auto status = chip_->createRttController(nullptr, &rtt_controller);
+        return status.isOk();
+    }
+
+    static void subsystemRestartHandler(const std::string& /*error*/) {}
+
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiChip> chip_;
+    int chip_id_ = kFakeChipId;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_hal_fn fake_func_table_;
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<::android::wifi_system::MockInterfaceTool>> iface_tool_{
+            new NiceMock<::android::wifi_system::MockInterfaceTool>};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hal_{
+            new NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>(iface_tool_, fake_func_table_, true)};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<mode_controller::MockWifiModeController>> mode_controller_{
+            new NiceMock<mode_controller::MockWifiModeController>};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>> iface_util_{
+            new NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>(iface_tool_, legacy_hal_)};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<feature_flags::MockWifiFeatureFlags>> feature_flags_{
+            new NiceMock<feature_flags::MockWifiFeatureFlags>};
+
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        chip_ = WifiChip::create(chip_id_, true, legacy_hal_, mode_controller_, iface_util_,
+                                 feature_flags_, subsystemRestartHandler);
+
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mode_controller_, changeFirmwareMode(testing::_))
+                .WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(true));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, start())
+                .WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+        // Vendor HAL does not override the name by default.
+        EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, getSupportedIfaceName(testing::_, testing::_))
+                .WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN));
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // Restore default system iface names (This should ideally be using a
+        // mock).
+        property_set("wifi.interface", "wlan0");
+        property_set("wifi.concurrent.interface", "wlan1");
+        property_set("wifi.aware.interface", nullptr);
+    }
+};
+
+////////// V1 Iface Combinations ////////////
+// Mode 1 - STA + P2P
+// Mode 2 - AP
+class WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest : public WifiChipTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        setupV1IfaceCombination();
+        WifiChipTest::SetUp();
+        // V1 has 2 modes of operation.
+        assertNumberOfModes(2);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateNan_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateAp_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateAp_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan0");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateSta_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateP2p_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateNan_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+////////// V1 + Aware Iface Combinations ////////////
+// Mode 1 - STA + P2P/NAN
+// Mode 2 - AP
+class WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest : public WifiChipTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        setupV1_AwareIfaceCombination();
+        WifiChipTest::SetUp();
+        // V1_Aware has 2 modes of operation.
+        assertNumberOfModes(2u);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateNan_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateAp_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaNan_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaP2PNan_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaNan_AfterP2pRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    std::string p2p_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::P2P);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(p2p_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+
+    // After removing P2P iface, NAN iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::P2P, p2p_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaP2p_AfterNanRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    std::string nan_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(nan_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+
+    // After removing NAN iface, P2P iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, nan_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateAp_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan0");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateSta_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateP2p_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateNan_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeNoSta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeWithSta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowApToSta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    std::string ap_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::AP);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(ap_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createRttController());
+
+    removeIface(IfaceType::AP, ap_iface_name);
+
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlySta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan0", testing::_))
+            .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF).isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlyAp) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan0", testing::_))
+            .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF).isOk());
+}
+
+////////// V2 + Aware Iface Combinations ////////////
+// Mode 1 - STA + STA/AP
+//        - STA + P2P/NAN
+class WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest : public WifiChipTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        setupV2_AwareIfaceCombination();
+        WifiChipTest::SetUp();
+        // V2_Aware has 1 mode of operation.
+        assertNumberOfModes(1u);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateNan_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateAp_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaSta_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaAp_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateApSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateSta_AfterStaApRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    std::string sta_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(sta_iface_name.empty());
+    std::string ap_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::AP);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(ap_iface_name.empty());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+
+    // After removing AP & STA iface, STA iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::STA, sta_iface_name);
+    removeIface(IfaceType::AP, ap_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaNan_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaP2PNan_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaNan_AfterP2pRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    std::string p2p_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::P2P);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(p2p_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+
+    // After removing P2P iface, NAN iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::P2P, p2p_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaP2p_AfterNanRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    std::string nan_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(nan_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+
+    // After removing NAN iface, P2P iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, nan_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateApNan_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateApP2p_ShouldFail) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaNan_AfterP2pRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    std::string p2p_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::P2P);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(p2p_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+
+    // After removing P2P iface, NAN iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::P2P, p2p_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateStaP2p_AfterNanRemove_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    std::string nan_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(nan_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+
+    // After removing NAN iface, P2P iface creation should succeed.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, nan_iface_name);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::P2P).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaAp_EnsureDifferentIfaceNames) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    std::string sta_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::STA);
+    std::string ap_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::AP);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(sta_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(ap_iface_name.empty());
+    ASSERT_NE(sta_iface_name, ap_iface_name);
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeNoSta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeWithSta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlow) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlySta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan0", testing::_))
+            .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF).isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlyAp) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan1", testing::_))
+            .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF).isOk());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, InvalidateAndRemoveNanOnStaRemove) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+
+    // Create NAN iface
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE), "wlan0");
+
+    // We should have 1 nan iface.
+    std::vector<std::string> iface_names;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->getNanIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 1u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(iface_names[0], "wlan0");
+
+    // Retrieve the nan iface object.
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> nan_iface;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->getNanIface("wlan0", &nan_iface).isOk());
+    ASSERT_NE(nan_iface.get(), nullptr);
+
+    // Remove the STA iface. We should have 0 nan ifaces now.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::STA, "wlan0");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->getNanIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    ASSERT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0u);
+
+    // Any operation on the nan iface object should now return an error.
+    std::string name;
+    auto status = nan_iface->getName(&name);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(),
+              static_cast<int32_t>(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID));
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, InvalidateAndRemoveRttControllerOnStaRemove) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+
+    // Create RTT controller
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController> rtt_controller;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(chip_->createRttController(nullptr, &rtt_controller).isOk());
+
+    // Remove the STA iface.
+    removeIface(IfaceType::STA, "wlan0");
+
+    // Any operation on the rtt controller object should now return an error.
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> bound_iface;
+    auto status = rtt_controller->getBoundIface(&bound_iface);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(),
+              static_cast<int32_t>(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID));
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateNanWithSharedNanIface) {
+    property_set("wifi.aware.interface", nullptr);
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE), "wlan0");
+    removeIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_util_, setUpState(testing::_, testing::_)).Times(0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateNanWithDedicatedNanIface) {
+    property_set("wifi.aware.interface", "aware0");
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_util_, ifNameToIndex("aware0")).WillOnce(testing::Return(4));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_util_, setUpState("aware0", true)).WillOnce(testing::Return(true));
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE), "aware0");
+
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_util_, setUpState("aware0", false)).WillOnce(testing::Return(true));
+    removeIface(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, "aware0");
+}
+
+////////// V1 Iface Combinations when AP creation is disabled //////////
+class WifiChipV1_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombinationTest : public WifiChipTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        setupV1_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombination();
+        WifiChipTest::SetUp();
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+}
+
+////////// V2 Iface Combinations when AP creation is disabled //////////
+class WifiChipV2_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombinationTest : public WifiChipTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        setupV2_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombination();
+        WifiChipTest::SetUp();
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombinationTest, CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+}
+
+////////// Hypothetical Iface Combination with multiple ifaces //////////
+class WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest : public WifiChipTest {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        setup_MultiIfaceCombination();
+        WifiChipTest::SetUp();
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest, Create3Sta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest, CreateStaWithDefaultNames) {
+    property_set("wifi.interface.0", "");
+    property_set("wifi.interface.1", "");
+    property_set("wifi.interface.2", "");
+    property_set("wifi.interface", "");
+    property_set("wifi.concurrent.interface", "");
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan2");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest, CreateStaWithCustomNames) {
+    property_set("wifi.interface.0", "test0");
+    property_set("wifi.interface.1", "test1");
+    property_set("wifi.interface.2", "test2");
+    property_set("wifi.interface", "bad0");
+    property_set("wifi.concurrent.interface", "bad1");
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "bad0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "bad1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "test2");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest, CreateStaWithCustomAltNames) {
+    property_set("wifi.interface.0", "");
+    property_set("wifi.interface.1", "");
+    property_set("wifi.interface.2", "");
+    property_set("wifi.interface", "testA0");
+    property_set("wifi.concurrent.interface", "testA1");
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "testA0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "testA1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan2");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest, CreateApStartsWithIdx1) {
+    // WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest iface combo: STAx3 + APx1
+    // When the HAL support dual STAs, AP should start with idx 2.
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    // First AP will be slotted to wlan1.
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan2");
+    // First STA will be slotted to wlan0.
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    // All further STA will be slotted to the remaining free indices.
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan3");
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_iface_util_unit_tests.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_iface_util_unit_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0db6fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_iface_util_unit_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_iface_util.h"
+
+#include "mock_interface_tool.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+using testing::NiceMock;
+using testing::Test;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr uint8_t kValidUnicastLocallyAssignedMacAddressMask = 0x02;
+constexpr uint8_t kMacAddress[] = {0x02, 0x12, 0x45, 0x56, 0xab, 0xcc};
+constexpr char kIfaceName[] = "test-wlan0";
+
+bool isValidUnicastLocallyAssignedMacAddress(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac_address) {
+    uint8_t first_byte = mac_address[0];
+    return (first_byte & 0x3) == kValidUnicastLocallyAssignedMacAddressMask;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace iface_util {
+
+class WifiIfaceUtilTest : public Test {
+  protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<::android::wifi_system::MockInterfaceTool>> iface_tool_{
+            new NiceMock<::android::wifi_system::MockInterfaceTool>};
+    legacy_hal::wifi_hal_fn fake_func_table_;
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hal_{
+            new NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>(iface_tool_, fake_func_table_, true)};
+    WifiIfaceUtil* iface_util_ = new WifiIfaceUtil(iface_tool_, legacy_hal_);
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiIfaceUtilTest, GetOrCreateRandomMacAddress) {
+    auto mac_address = iface_util_->getOrCreateRandomMacAddress();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isValidUnicastLocallyAssignedMacAddress(mac_address));
+
+    // All further calls should return the same MAC address.
+    ASSERT_EQ(mac_address, iface_util_->getOrCreateRandomMacAddress());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mac_address, iface_util_->getOrCreateRandomMacAddress());
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiIfaceUtilTest, IfaceEventHandlers_SetMacAddress) {
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac_address = {};
+    std::copy(std::begin(kMacAddress), std::end(kMacAddress), std::begin(mac_address));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_tool_, SetMacAddress(testing::_, testing::_))
+            .WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(true));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_tool_, SetUpState(testing::_, testing::_))
+            .WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(true));
+
+    // Register for iface state toggle events.
+    bool callback_invoked = false;
+    iface_util::IfaceEventHandlers event_handlers = {};
+    event_handlers.on_state_toggle_off_on =
+            [&callback_invoked](const std::string& /* iface_name */) { callback_invoked = true; };
+    iface_util_->registerIfaceEventHandlers(kIfaceName, event_handlers);
+    // Invoke setMacAddress and ensure that the cb is invoked.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iface_util_->setMacAddress(kIfaceName, mac_address));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(callback_invoked);
+
+    // Unregister for iface state toggle events.
+    callback_invoked = false;
+    iface_util_->unregisterIfaceEventHandlers(kIfaceName);
+    // Invoke setMacAddress and ensure that the cb is not invoked.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iface_util_->setMacAddress(kIfaceName, mac_address));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(callback_invoked);
+}
+}  // namespace iface_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_nan_iface_unit_tests.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_nan_iface_unit_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d40801f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/tests/wifi_nan_iface_unit_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+
+#include "wifi_nan_iface.h"
+
+#include "mock_interface_tool.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_feature_flags.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_iface_util.h"
+#include "mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+using testing::NiceMock;
+using testing::Return;
+using testing::Test;
+
+namespace {
+constexpr char kIfaceName[] = "mockWlan0";
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+bool CaptureIfaceEventHandlers(const std::string& /* iface_name*/,
+                               iface_util::IfaceEventHandlers in_iface_event_handlers,
+                               iface_util::IfaceEventHandlers* out_iface_event_handlers) {
+    *out_iface_event_handlers = in_iface_event_handlers;
+    return true;
+}
+
+class MockNanIface : public WifiNanIface {
+  public:
+    MockNanIface(const std::string& ifname, bool is_dedicated_iface,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util)
+        : WifiNanIface(ifname, is_dedicated_iface, legacy_hal, iface_util) {}
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<MockNanIface> createMock(
+            const std::string& ifname, bool is_dedicated_iface,
+            const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+            const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util) {
+        std::shared_ptr<MockNanIface> ptr = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockNanIface>(
+                ifname, is_dedicated_iface, legacy_hal, iface_util);
+        std::weak_ptr<MockNanIface> weak_ptr_this(ptr);
+        ptr->setWeakPtr(weak_ptr_this);
+        ptr->registerCallbackHandlers();
+        return ptr;
+    }
+
+    // Override getEventCallbacks() so that we can return a mocked callback object.
+    std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks() override {
+        return {callback_};
+    }
+
+    void setMockCallback(std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback> cb) { callback_ = cb; }
+
+  private:
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback> callback_;
+};
+
+class MockNanIfaceEventCallback : public IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback {
+  public:
+    ndk::SpAIBinder asBinder() override { return ::ndk::SpAIBinder{}; }
+    bool isRemote() override { return false; }
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getInterfaceVersion(int32_t* _aidl_return) override {
+        *_aidl_return = 1;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getInterfaceHash(std::string* _aidl_return) override {
+        *_aidl_return = "some_hash";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    MOCK_METHOD3(notifyCapabilitiesResponse,
+                 ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&, const NanCapabilities&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyEnableResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyConfigResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyDisableResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD3(notifyStartPublishResponse,
+                 ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&, int8_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyStopPublishResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD3(notifyStartSubscribeResponse,
+                 ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&, int8_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyStopSubscribeResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyTransmitFollowupResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyCreateDataInterfaceResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyDeleteDataInterfaceResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD3(notifyInitiateDataPathResponse,
+                 ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&, int32_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyRespondToDataPathIndicationResponse,
+                 ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(notifyTerminateDataPathResponse, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventClusterEvent, ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanClusterEventInd&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventDisabled, ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(eventPublishTerminated, ndk::ScopedAStatus(int8_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(eventSubscribeTerminated, ndk::ScopedAStatus(int8_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventMatch, ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanMatchInd&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(eventMatchExpired, ndk::ScopedAStatus(int8_t, int32_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventFollowupReceived, ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanFollowupReceivedInd&));
+    MOCK_METHOD2(eventTransmitFollowup, ndk::ScopedAStatus(char16_t, const NanStatus&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventDataPathRequest, ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanDataPathRequestInd&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventDataPathConfirm, ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanDataPathConfirmInd&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventDataPathTerminated, ndk::ScopedAStatus(int32_t));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(eventDataPathScheduleUpdate,
+                 ndk::ScopedAStatus(const NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd&));
+};
+
+class WifiNanIfaceTest : public Test {
+  protected:
+    legacy_hal::wifi_hal_fn fake_func_table_;
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<::android::wifi_system::MockInterfaceTool>> iface_tool_{
+            new NiceMock<::android::wifi_system::MockInterfaceTool>};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hal_{
+            new NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>(iface_tool_, fake_func_table_, true)};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>> iface_util_{
+            new NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>(iface_tool_, legacy_hal_)};
+};
+
+TEST_F(WifiNanIfaceTest, IfacEventHandlers_OnStateToggleOffOn) {
+    // Ensure that event handlers are registered during nan iface creation.
+    iface_util::IfaceEventHandlers captured_iface_event_handlers = {};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, nanRegisterCallbackHandlers(testing::_, testing::_))
+            .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*iface_util_, registerIfaceEventHandlers(testing::_, testing::_))
+            .WillOnce(testing::Invoke(bind(CaptureIfaceEventHandlers, std::placeholders::_1,
+                                           std::placeholders::_2, &captured_iface_event_handlers)));
+
+    // Create nan iface and register a callback.
+    // Note: Since we can't register a callback directly (gTest fails on
+    //       AIBinder_linkToDeath), simulate the registration by overriding
+    //       getEventCallbacks() to return our mock callback object.
+    std::shared_ptr<MockNanIface> mock_nan_iface =
+            MockNanIface::createMock(kIfaceName, false, legacy_hal_, iface_util_);
+    std::shared_ptr<MockNanIfaceEventCallback> mock_event_callback =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MockNanIfaceEventCallback>();
+    mock_nan_iface->setMockCallback(mock_event_callback);
+
+    // Ensure that the eventDisabled() function in the mock callback will be invoked.
+    NanStatus expected_nan_status = {NanStatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_CONCURRENCY_NAN_DISABLED, ""};
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mock_event_callback, eventDisabled(expected_nan_status)).Times(1);
+
+    // Trigger the iface state toggle callback.
+    captured_iface_event_handlers.on_state_toggle_off_on(kIfaceName);
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e30c38a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace {
+// Starting Chip ID, will be assigned to primary chip
+static constexpr int32_t kPrimaryChipId = 0;
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCallWithLock;
+
+Wifi::Wifi(const std::shared_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+           const std::shared_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHalFactory> legacy_hal_factory,
+           const std::shared_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller,
+           const std::shared_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags)
+    : iface_tool_(iface_tool),
+      legacy_hal_factory_(legacy_hal_factory),
+      mode_controller_(mode_controller),
+      feature_flags_(feature_flags),
+      run_state_(RunState::STOPPED) {}
+
+bool Wifi::isValid() {
+    // This object is always valid.
+    return true;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::registerEventCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiEventCallback>& in_callback) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN,
+                           &Wifi::registerEventCallbackInternal, in_callback);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::isStarted(bool* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = (run_state_ != RunState::STOPPED);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::start() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, &Wifi::startInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::stop() {
+    return validateAndCallWithLock(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, &Wifi::stopInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::getChipIds(std::vector<int32_t>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, &Wifi::getChipIdsInternal,
+                           _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::getChip(int32_t in_chipId, std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, &Wifi::getChipInternal,
+                           _aidl_return, in_chipId);
+}
+
+binder_status_t Wifi::dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "-----------Debug was called----------------";
+    if (chips_.size() == 0) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "No chips to display.";
+        return STATUS_OK;
+    }
+
+    for (std::shared_ptr<WifiChip> chip : chips_) {
+        if (!chip.get()) continue;
+        chip->dump(fd, args, numArgs);
+    }
+    return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::registerEventCallbackInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiEventCallback>& event_callback) {
+    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(event_callback)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::startInternal() {
+    if (run_state_ == RunState::STARTED) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    } else if (run_state_ == RunState::STOPPING) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, "HAL is stopping");
+    }
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus wifi_status = initializeModeControllerAndLegacyHal();
+    if (wifi_status.isOk()) {
+        // Register the callback for subsystem restart
+        const auto& on_subsystem_restart_callback = [this](const std::string& error) {
+            ndk::ScopedAStatus wifi_status = createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, error);
+            for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "Attempting to invoke onSubsystemRestart "
+                             "callback";
+                WifiStatusCode errorCode =
+                        static_cast<WifiStatusCode>(wifi_status.getServiceSpecificError());
+                if (!callback->onSubsystemRestart(errorCode).isOk()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onSubsystemRestart callback";
+                } else {
+                    LOG(INFO) << "Succeeded to invoke onSubsystemRestart "
+                                 "callback";
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Create the chip instance once the HAL is started.
+        int32_t chipId = kPrimaryChipId;
+        for (auto& hal : legacy_hals_) {
+            chips_.push_back(
+                    WifiChip::create(chipId, chipId == kPrimaryChipId, hal, mode_controller_,
+                                     std::make_shared<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil>(iface_tool_, hal),
+                                     feature_flags_, on_subsystem_restart_callback));
+            chipId++;
+        }
+        run_state_ = RunState::STARTED;
+        for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->onStart().isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onStart callback";
+            };
+        }
+        LOG(INFO) << "Wifi HAL started";
+    } else {
+        for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+            WifiStatusCode errorCode =
+                    static_cast<WifiStatusCode>(wifi_status.getServiceSpecificError());
+            if (!callback->onFailure(errorCode).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onFailure callback";
+            }
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Wifi HAL start failed";
+        // Clear the event callback objects since the HAL start failed.
+        event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
+    }
+    return wifi_status;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::stopInternal(
+        /* NONNULL */ std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock) {
+    if (run_state_ == RunState::STOPPED) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    } else if (run_state_ == RunState::STOPPING) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, "HAL is stopping");
+    }
+    // Clear the chip object and its child objects since the HAL is now
+    // stopped.
+    for (auto& chip : chips_) {
+        if (chip.get()) {
+            chip->invalidate();
+            chip.reset();
+        }
+    }
+    chips_.clear();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus wifi_status = stopLegacyHalAndDeinitializeModeController(lock);
+    if (wifi_status.isOk()) {
+        for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->onStop().isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onStop callback";
+            };
+        }
+        LOG(INFO) << "Wifi HAL stopped";
+    } else {
+        for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+            WifiStatusCode errorCode =
+                    static_cast<WifiStatusCode>(wifi_status.getServiceSpecificError());
+            if (!callback->onFailure(errorCode).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onFailure callback";
+            }
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Wifi HAL stop failed";
+    }
+    // Clear the event callback objects since the HAL is now stopped.
+    event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
+    return wifi_status;
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> Wifi::getChipIdsInternal() {
+    std::vector<int32_t> chip_ids;
+
+    for (auto& chip : chips_) {
+        int32_t chip_id = getChipIdFromWifiChip(chip);
+        if (chip_id != INT32_MAX) chip_ids.emplace_back(chip_id);
+    }
+    return {std::move(chip_ids), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> Wifi::getChipInternal(int32_t chip_id) {
+    for (auto& chip : chips_) {
+        int32_t cand_id = getChipIdFromWifiChip(chip);
+        if ((cand_id != INT32_MAX) && (cand_id == chip_id)) return {chip, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+    }
+
+    return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS)};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::initializeModeControllerAndLegacyHal() {
+    if (!mode_controller_->initialize()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to initialize firmware mode controller";
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    legacy_hals_ = legacy_hal_factory_->getHals();
+    if (legacy_hals_.empty()) return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    int index = 0;  // for failure log
+    for (auto& hal : legacy_hals_) {
+        legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = hal->initialize();
+        if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+            // Currently WifiLegacyHal::initialize does not allocate extra mem,
+            // only initializes the function table. If this changes, need to
+            // implement WifiLegacyHal::deinitialize and deinitalize the
+            // HALs already initialized
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to initialize legacy HAL index: " << index
+                       << " error: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+            return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+        }
+        index++;
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Wifi::stopLegacyHalAndDeinitializeModeController(
+        /* NONNULL */ std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS;
+    int index = 0;
+
+    run_state_ = RunState::STOPPING;
+    for (auto& hal : legacy_hals_) {
+        legacy_hal::wifi_error tmp = hal->stop(lock, [&]() {});
+        if (tmp != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to stop legacy HAL index: " << index
+                       << " error: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+            legacy_status = tmp;
+        }
+        index++;
+    }
+    run_state_ = RunState::STOPPED;
+
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "One or more legacy HALs failed to stop";
+        return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+    }
+    if (!mode_controller_->deinitialize()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to deinitialize firmware mode controller";
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+int32_t Wifi::getChipIdFromWifiChip(std::shared_ptr<WifiChip>& chip) {
+    int32_t chip_id = INT32_MAX;
+    if (chip.get()) {
+        ndk::ScopedAStatus status = chip->getId(&chip_id);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            // Reset value if operation failed.
+            chip_id = INT32_MAX;
+        }
+    }
+    return chip_id;
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9334524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_H_
+#define WIFI_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifi.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <utils/Looper.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "aidl_callback_util.h"
+#include "wifi_chip.h"
+#include "wifi_feature_flags.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal_factory.h"
+#include "wifi_mode_controller.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * Root AIDL interface object used to control the Wifi HAL.
+ */
+class Wifi : public BnWifi {
+  public:
+    Wifi(const std::shared_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+         const std::shared_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHalFactory> legacy_hal_factory,
+         const std::shared_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller,
+         const std::shared_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags);
+
+    bool isValid();
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiEventCallback>& in_callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus isStarted(bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus start() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stop() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getChipIds(std::vector<int32_t>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getChip(int32_t in_chipId,
+                               std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>* _aidl_return) override;
+    binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+  private:
+    enum class RunState { STOPPED, STARTED, STOPPING };
+
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallbackInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiEventCallback>& event_callback __unused);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopInternal(std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock);
+    std::pair<std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getChipIdsInternal();
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getChipInternal(int32_t chip_id);
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus initializeModeControllerAndLegacyHal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopLegacyHalAndDeinitializeModeController(
+            std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock);
+    int32_t getChipIdFromWifiChip(std::shared_ptr<WifiChip>& chip);
+
+    // Instance is created in this root level |IWifi| AIDL interface object
+    // and shared with all the child AIDL interface objects.
+    std::shared_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool_;
+    std::shared_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHalFactory> legacy_hal_factory_;
+    std::shared_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hals_;
+    std::shared_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags_;
+    RunState run_state_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiChip>> chips_;
+    aidl_callback_util::AidlCallbackHandler<IWifiEventCallback> event_cb_handler_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Wifi);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_ap_iface.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_ap_iface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cd932d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_ap_iface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_ap_iface.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+
+WifiApIface::WifiApIface(const std::string& ifname, const std::vector<std::string>& instances,
+                         const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                         const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util)
+    : ifname_(ifname),
+      instances_(instances),
+      legacy_hal_(legacy_hal),
+      iface_util_(iface_util),
+      is_valid_(true) {}
+
+void WifiApIface::invalidate() {
+    legacy_hal_.reset();
+    is_valid_ = false;
+}
+
+bool WifiApIface::isValid() {
+    return is_valid_;
+}
+
+std::string WifiApIface::getName() {
+    return ifname_;
+}
+
+void WifiApIface::removeInstance(std::string instance) {
+    instances_.erase(std::remove(instances_.begin(), instances_.end(), instance), instances_.end());
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::getName(std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::getNameInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::setCountryCode(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& in_code) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::setCountryCodeInternal, in_code);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::getValidFrequenciesForBand(WifiBand in_band,
+                                                           std::vector<int32_t>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::getValidFrequenciesForBandInternal, _aidl_return, in_band);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::setMacAddress(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_mac) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::setMacAddressInternal, in_mac);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::getFactoryMacAddress(std::array<uint8_t, 6>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::getFactoryMacAddressInternal, _aidl_return,
+                           instances_.size() > 0 ? instances_[0] : ifname_);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::resetToFactoryMacAddress() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::resetToFactoryMacAddressInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::getBridgedInstances(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiApIface::getBridgedInstancesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiApIface::getNameInternal() {
+    return {ifname_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::setCountryCodeInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& code) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->setCountryCode(
+            instances_.size() > 0 ? instances_[0] : ifname_, code);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiApIface::getValidFrequenciesForBandInternal(
+        WifiBand band) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(WifiChannelWidthInMhz) == sizeof(int32_t), "Size mismatch");
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> valid_frequencies;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, valid_frequencies) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getValidFrequenciesForBand(
+            instances_.size() > 0 ? instances_[0] : ifname_,
+            aidl_struct_util::convertAidlWifiBandToLegacy(band));
+    return {std::vector<int32_t>(valid_frequencies.begin(), valid_frequencies.end()),
+            createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::setMacAddressInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac) {
+    // Support random MAC up to 2 interfaces
+    if (instances_.size() == 2) {
+        int rbyte = 1;
+        for (auto const& intf : instances_) {
+            std::array<uint8_t, 6> rmac = mac;
+            // reverse the bits to avoid collision
+            rmac[rbyte] = 0xff - rmac[rbyte];
+            if (!iface_util_.lock()->setMacAddress(intf, rmac)) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "Failed to set random mac address on " << intf;
+                return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+            }
+            rbyte++;
+        }
+    }
+    // It also needs to set mac address for bridged interface, otherwise the mac
+    // address of bridged interface will be changed after one of instance
+    // down.
+    if (!iface_util_.lock()->setMacAddress(ifname_, mac)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to config MAC for interface " << ifname_;
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::array<uint8_t, 6>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiApIface::getFactoryMacAddressInternal(
+        const std::string& ifaceName) {
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac = iface_util_.lock()->getFactoryMacAddress(ifaceName);
+    if (mac[0] == 0 && mac[1] == 0 && mac[2] == 0 && mac[3] == 0 && mac[4] == 0 && mac[5] == 0) {
+        return {mac, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {mac, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiApIface::resetToFactoryMacAddressInternal() {
+    std::pair<std::array<uint8_t, 6>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getMacResult;
+    if (instances_.size() == 2) {
+        for (auto const& intf : instances_) {
+            getMacResult = getFactoryMacAddressInternal(intf);
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "Reset MAC to factory MAC on " << intf;
+            if (!getMacResult.second.isOk() ||
+                !iface_util_.lock()->setMacAddress(intf, getMacResult.first)) {
+                return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+            }
+        }
+        // We need to set mac address for bridged interface, otherwise the mac
+        // address of the bridged interface will be changed after one of the
+        // instances goes down. Thus we are generating a random MAC address for
+        // the bridged interface even if we got the request to reset the Factory
+        // MAC. This is because the bridged interface is an internal interface
+        // for the operation of bpf and other networking operations.
+        if (!iface_util_.lock()->setMacAddress(ifname_,
+                                               iface_util_.lock()->createRandomMacAddress())) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to config MAC for bridged interface " << ifname_;
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+        }
+    } else {
+        getMacResult = getFactoryMacAddressInternal(ifname_);
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Reset MAC to factory MAC on " << ifname_;
+        if (!getMacResult.second.isOk() ||
+            !iface_util_.lock()->setMacAddress(ifname_, getMacResult.first)) {
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+        }
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiApIface::getBridgedInstancesInternal() {
+    return {instances_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_ap_iface.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_ap_iface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5673fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_ap_iface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_AP_IFACE_H_
+#define WIFI_AP_IFACE_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiApIface.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#include "wifi_iface_util.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface object used to control an AP Iface instance.
+ */
+class WifiApIface : public BnWifiApIface {
+  public:
+    WifiApIface(const std::string& ifname, const std::vector<std::string>& instances,
+                const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util);
+    // Refer to |WifiChip::invalidate()|.
+    void invalidate();
+    bool isValid();
+    std::string getName();
+    void removeInstance(std::string instance);
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getName(std::string* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCountryCode(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& in_code) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getValidFrequenciesForBand(WifiBand in_band,
+                                                  std::vector<int32_t>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMacAddress(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_mac) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getFactoryMacAddress(std::array<uint8_t, 6>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus resetToFactoryMacAddress() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBridgedInstances(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  private:
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getNameInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCountryCodeInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& code);
+    std::pair<std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getValidFrequenciesForBandInternal(
+            WifiBand band);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMacAddressInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac);
+    std::pair<std::array<uint8_t, 6>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getFactoryMacAddressInternal(
+            const std::string& ifaceName);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus resetToFactoryMacAddressInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getBridgedInstancesInternal();
+
+    std::string ifname_;
+    std::vector<std::string> instances_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util_;
+    bool is_valid_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiApIface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_AP_IFACE_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_chip.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_chip.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..076f351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_chip.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1910 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_chip.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+#define P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX "p2p-dev-"
+
+namespace {
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IfaceType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiChip;
+using CoexRestriction = aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiChip::CoexRestriction;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+constexpr char kCpioMagic[] = "070701";
+constexpr size_t kMaxBufferSizeBytes = 1024 * 1024 * 3;
+constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBufferFileAgeSeconds = 60 * 60 * 10;
+constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBufferFileNum = 20;
+constexpr char kTombstoneFolderPath[] = "/data/vendor/tombstones/wifi/";
+constexpr char kActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty[] = "wifi.active.interface";
+constexpr char kNoActiveWlanIfaceNamePropertyValue[] = "";
+constexpr unsigned kMaxWlanIfaces = 5;
+constexpr char kApBridgeIfacePrefix[] = "ap_br_";
+
+template <typename Iface>
+void invalidateAndClear(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Iface>>& ifaces, std::shared_ptr<Iface> iface) {
+    iface->invalidate();
+    ifaces.erase(std::remove(ifaces.begin(), ifaces.end(), iface), ifaces.end());
+}
+
+template <typename Iface>
+void invalidateAndClearAll(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Iface>>& ifaces) {
+    for (const auto& iface : ifaces) {
+        iface->invalidate();
+    }
+    ifaces.clear();
+}
+
+template <typename Iface>
+std::vector<std::string> getNames(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Iface>>& ifaces) {
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    for (const auto& iface : ifaces) {
+        names.emplace_back(iface->getName());
+    }
+    return names;
+}
+
+template <typename Iface>
+std::shared_ptr<Iface> findUsingName(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Iface>>& ifaces,
+                                     const std::string& name) {
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    for (const auto& iface : ifaces) {
+        if (name == iface->getName()) {
+            return iface;
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+std::string getWlanIfaceName(unsigned idx) {
+    if (idx >= kMaxWlanIfaces) {
+        CHECK(false) << "Requested interface beyond wlan" << kMaxWlanIfaces;
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+    if (idx == 0 || idx == 1) {
+        const char* altPropName = (idx == 0) ? "wifi.interface" : "wifi.concurrent.interface";
+        auto res = property_get(altPropName, buffer.data(), nullptr);
+        if (res > 0) return buffer.data();
+    }
+    std::string propName = "wifi.interface." + std::to_string(idx);
+    auto res = property_get(propName.c_str(), buffer.data(), nullptr);
+    if (res > 0) return buffer.data();
+
+    return "wlan" + std::to_string(idx);
+}
+
+// Returns the dedicated iface name if defined.
+// Returns two ifaces in bridged mode.
+std::vector<std::string> getPredefinedApIfaceNames(bool is_bridged) {
+    std::vector<std::string> ifnames;
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+    buffer.fill(0);
+    if (property_get("ro.vendor.wifi.sap.interface", buffer.data(), nullptr) == 0) {
+        return ifnames;
+    }
+    ifnames.push_back(buffer.data());
+    if (is_bridged) {
+        buffer.fill(0);
+        if (property_get("ro.vendor.wifi.sap.concurrent.iface", buffer.data(), nullptr) == 0) {
+            return ifnames;
+        }
+        ifnames.push_back(buffer.data());
+    }
+    return ifnames;
+}
+
+std::string getPredefinedP2pIfaceName() {
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> primaryIfaceName;
+    char p2pParentIfname[100];
+    std::string p2pDevIfName = "";
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+    property_get("wifi.direct.interface", buffer.data(), "p2p0");
+    if (strncmp(buffer.data(), P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX, strlen(P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX)) == 0) {
+        /* Get the p2p parent interface name from p2p device interface name set
+         * in property */
+        strlcpy(p2pParentIfname, buffer.data() + strlen(P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX),
+                strlen(buffer.data()) - strlen(P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX));
+        if (property_get(kActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty, primaryIfaceName.data(), nullptr) == 0) {
+            return buffer.data();
+        }
+        /* Check if the parent interface derived from p2p device interface name
+         * is active */
+        if (strncmp(p2pParentIfname, primaryIfaceName.data(),
+                    strlen(buffer.data()) - strlen(P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX)) != 0) {
+            /*
+             * Update the predefined p2p device interface parent interface name
+             * with current active wlan interface
+             */
+            p2pDevIfName += P2P_MGMT_DEVICE_PREFIX;
+            p2pDevIfName += primaryIfaceName.data();
+            LOG(INFO) << "update the p2p device interface name to " << p2pDevIfName.c_str();
+            return p2pDevIfName;
+        }
+    }
+    return buffer.data();
+}
+
+// Returns the dedicated iface name if one is defined.
+std::string getPredefinedNanIfaceName() {
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+    if (property_get("wifi.aware.interface", buffer.data(), nullptr) == 0) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    return buffer.data();
+}
+
+void setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(const std::string& ifname) {
+    auto res = property_set(kActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty, ifname.data());
+    if (res != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set active wlan iface name property";
+    }
+}
+
+// Delete files that meet either condition:
+// 1. Older than a predefined time in the wifi tombstone dir.
+// 2. Files in excess to a predefined amount, starting from the oldest ones
+bool removeOldFilesInternal() {
+    time_t now = time(0);
+    const time_t delete_files_before = now - kMaxRingBufferFileAgeSeconds;
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir_dump(opendir(kTombstoneFolderPath), closedir);
+    if (!dir_dump) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open directory";
+        return false;
+    }
+    struct dirent* dp;
+    bool success = true;
+    std::list<std::pair<const time_t, std::string>> valid_files;
+    while ((dp = readdir(dir_dump.get()))) {
+        if (dp->d_type != DT_REG) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string cur_file_name(dp->d_name);
+        struct stat cur_file_stat;
+        std::string cur_file_path = kTombstoneFolderPath + cur_file_name;
+        if (stat(cur_file_path.c_str(), &cur_file_stat) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get file stat for " << cur_file_path;
+            success = false;
+            continue;
+        }
+        const time_t cur_file_time = cur_file_stat.st_mtime;
+        valid_files.push_back(std::pair<const time_t, std::string>(cur_file_time, cur_file_path));
+    }
+    valid_files.sort();  // sort the list of files by last modified time from
+                         // small to big.
+    uint32_t cur_file_count = valid_files.size();
+    for (auto cur_file : valid_files) {
+        if (cur_file_count > kMaxRingBufferFileNum || cur_file.first < delete_files_before) {
+            if (unlink(cur_file.second.c_str()) != 0) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Error deleting file";
+                success = false;
+            }
+            cur_file_count--;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return success;
+}
+
+// Helper function for |cpioArchiveFilesInDir|
+bool cpioWriteHeader(int out_fd, struct stat& st, const char* file_name, size_t file_name_len) {
+    const int buf_size = 32 * 1024;
+    std::array<char, buf_size> read_buf;
+    ssize_t llen = snprintf(
+            read_buf.data(), buf_size, "%s%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X%08X",
+            kCpioMagic, static_cast<int>(st.st_ino), st.st_mode, st.st_uid, st.st_gid,
+            static_cast<int>(st.st_nlink), static_cast<int>(st.st_mtime),
+            static_cast<int>(st.st_size), major(st.st_dev), minor(st.st_dev), major(st.st_rdev),
+            minor(st.st_rdev), static_cast<uint32_t>(file_name_len), 0);
+    if (write(out_fd, read_buf.data(), llen < buf_size ? llen : buf_size - 1) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Error writing cpio header to file " << file_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (write(out_fd, file_name, file_name_len) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Error writing filename to file " << file_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // NUL Pad header up to 4 multiple bytes.
+    llen = (llen + file_name_len) % 4;
+    if (llen != 0) {
+        const uint32_t zero = 0;
+        if (write(out_fd, &zero, 4 - llen) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Error padding 0s to file " << file_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Helper function for |cpioArchiveFilesInDir|
+size_t cpioWriteFileContent(int fd_read, int out_fd, struct stat& st) {
+    // writing content of file
+    std::array<char, 32 * 1024> read_buf;
+    ssize_t llen = st.st_size;
+    size_t n_error = 0;
+    while (llen > 0) {
+        ssize_t bytes_read = read(fd_read, read_buf.data(), read_buf.size());
+        if (bytes_read == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Error reading file";
+            return ++n_error;
+        }
+        llen -= bytes_read;
+        if (write(out_fd, read_buf.data(), bytes_read) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Error writing data to file";
+            return ++n_error;
+        }
+        if (bytes_read == 0) {  // this should never happen, but just in case
+                                // to unstuck from while loop
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected read result";
+            n_error++;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    llen = st.st_size % 4;
+    if (llen != 0) {
+        const uint32_t zero = 0;
+        if (write(out_fd, &zero, 4 - llen) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Error padding 0s to file";
+            return ++n_error;
+        }
+    }
+    return n_error;
+}
+
+// Helper function for |cpioArchiveFilesInDir|
+bool cpioWriteFileTrailer(int out_fd) {
+    const int buf_size = 4096;
+    std::array<char, buf_size> read_buf;
+    read_buf.fill(0);
+    ssize_t llen = snprintf(read_buf.data(), 4096, "070701%040X%056X%08XTRAILER!!!", 1, 0x0b, 0);
+    if (write(out_fd, read_buf.data(), (llen < buf_size ? llen : buf_size - 1) + 4) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Error writing trailing bytes";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Archives all files in |input_dir| and writes result into |out_fd|
+// Logic obtained from //external/toybox/toys/posix/cpio.c "Output cpio archive"
+// portion
+size_t cpioArchiveFilesInDir(int out_fd, const char* input_dir) {
+    struct dirent* dp;
+    size_t n_error = 0;
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir_dump(opendir(input_dir), closedir);
+    if (!dir_dump) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open directory";
+        return ++n_error;
+    }
+    while ((dp = readdir(dir_dump.get()))) {
+        if (dp->d_type != DT_REG) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string cur_file_name(dp->d_name);
+        struct stat st;
+        const std::string cur_file_path = kTombstoneFolderPath + cur_file_name;
+        if (stat(cur_file_path.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get file stat for " << cur_file_path;
+            n_error++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        const int fd_read = open(cur_file_path.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+        if (fd_read == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open file " << cur_file_path;
+            n_error++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string file_name_with_last_modified_time =
+                cur_file_name + "-" + std::to_string(st.st_mtime);
+        // string.size() does not include the null terminator. The cpio FreeBSD
+        // file header expects the null character to be included in the length.
+        const size_t file_name_len = file_name_with_last_modified_time.size() + 1;
+        unique_fd file_auto_closer(fd_read);
+        if (!cpioWriteHeader(out_fd, st, file_name_with_last_modified_time.c_str(),
+                             file_name_len)) {
+            return ++n_error;
+        }
+        size_t write_error = cpioWriteFileContent(fd_read, out_fd, st);
+        if (write_error) {
+            return n_error + write_error;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!cpioWriteFileTrailer(out_fd)) {
+        return ++n_error;
+    }
+    return n_error;
+}
+
+// Helper function to create a non-const char*.
+std::vector<char> makeCharVec(const std::string& str) {
+    std::vector<char> vec(str.size() + 1);
+    vec.assign(str.begin(), str.end());
+    vec.push_back('\0');
+    return vec;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCallWithLock;
+
+WifiChip::WifiChip(int32_t chip_id, bool is_primary,
+                   const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                   const std::weak_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller,
+                   const std::shared_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util,
+                   const std::weak_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags,
+                   const std::function<void(const std::string&)>& handler)
+    : chip_id_(chip_id),
+      legacy_hal_(legacy_hal),
+      mode_controller_(mode_controller),
+      iface_util_(iface_util),
+      is_valid_(true),
+      current_mode_id_(feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kInvalid),
+      modes_(feature_flags.lock()->getChipModes(is_primary)),
+      debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_(false),
+      subsystemCallbackHandler_(handler) {
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(kNoActiveWlanIfaceNamePropertyValue);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<WifiChip> WifiChip::create(
+        int32_t chip_id, bool is_primary, const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+        const std::weak_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller,
+        const std::shared_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util,
+        const std::weak_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags,
+        const std::function<void(const std::string&)>& handler) {
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiChip> ptr = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiChip>(
+            chip_id, is_primary, legacy_hal, mode_controller, iface_util, feature_flags, handler);
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> weak_ptr_this(ptr);
+    ptr->setWeakPtr(weak_ptr_this);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+void WifiChip::invalidate() {
+    if (!writeRingbufferFilesInternal()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error writing files to flash";
+    }
+    invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces();
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(kNoActiveWlanIfaceNamePropertyValue);
+    legacy_hal_.reset();
+    event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
+    is_valid_ = false;
+}
+
+void WifiChip::setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> ptr) {
+    weak_ptr_this_ = ptr;
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::isValid() {
+    return is_valid_;
+}
+
+std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiChipEventCallback>> WifiChip::getEventCallbacks() {
+    return event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getId(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID, &WifiChip::getIdInternal,
+                           _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::registerEventCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChipEventCallback>& event_callback) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::registerEventCallbackInternal, event_callback);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getCapabilities(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getCapabilitiesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getAvailableModes(std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getAvailableModesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::configureChip(int32_t in_modeId) {
+    return validateAndCallWithLock(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                                   &WifiChip::configureChipInternal, in_modeId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getMode(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getModeInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::requestChipDebugInfo(IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::requestChipDebugInfoInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::requestDriverDebugDump(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::requestDriverDebugDumpInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::requestFirmwareDebugDump(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::requestFirmwareDebugDumpInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::createApIfaceInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createBridgedApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::createBridgedApIfaceInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getApIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getApIfaceNamesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getApIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                        std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getApIfaceInternal, _aidl_return, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeApIface(const std::string& in_ifname) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::removeApIfaceInternal, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIface(
+        const std::string& in_brIfaceName, const std::string& in_ifaceInstanceName) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::removeIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIfaceInternal, in_brIfaceName,
+                           in_ifaceInstanceName);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createNanIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::createNanIfaceInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getNanIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getNanIfaceNamesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getNanIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                         std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getNanIfaceInternal, _aidl_return, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeNanIface(const std::string& in_ifname) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::removeNanIfaceInternal, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createP2pIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::createP2pIfaceInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getP2pIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getP2pIfaceNamesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getP2pIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                         std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getP2pIfaceInternal, _aidl_return, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeP2pIface(const std::string& in_ifname) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::removeP2pIfaceInternal, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createStaIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::createStaIfaceInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getStaIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getStaIfaceNamesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getStaIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                         std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getStaIfaceInternal, _aidl_return, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeStaIface(const std::string& in_ifname) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::removeStaIfaceInternal, in_ifname);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createRttController(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& in_boundIface,
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::createRttControllerInternal, _aidl_return, in_boundIface);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getDebugRingBuffersStatus(
+        std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getDebugRingBuffersStatusInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::startLoggingToDebugRingBuffer(
+        const std::string& in_ringName, WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel in_verboseLevel,
+        int32_t in_maxIntervalInSec, int32_t in_minDataSizeInBytes) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::startLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal, in_ringName,
+                           in_verboseLevel, in_maxIntervalInSec, in_minDataSizeInBytes);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::forceDumpToDebugRingBuffer(const std::string& in_ringName) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::forceDumpToDebugRingBufferInternal, in_ringName);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::flushRingBufferToFile() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::flushRingBufferToFileInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::stopLoggingToDebugRingBuffer() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::stopLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getDebugHostWakeReasonStats(
+        WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getDebugHostWakeReasonStatsInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::enableDebugErrorAlerts(bool in_enable) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::enableDebugErrorAlertsInternal, in_enable);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario in_scenario) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::selectTxPowerScenarioInternal, in_scenario);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::resetTxPowerScenario() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::resetTxPowerScenarioInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setLatencyMode(IWifiChip::LatencyMode in_mode) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::setLatencyModeInternal, in_mode);
+}
+
+binder_status_t WifiChip::dump(int fd, const char**, uint32_t) {
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(lock_t);
+        for (const auto& item : ringbuffer_map_) {
+            forceDumpToDebugRingBufferInternal(item.first);
+        }
+        // unique_lock unlocked here
+    }
+    usleep(100 * 1000);  // sleep for 100 milliseconds to wait for
+                         // ringbuffer updates.
+    if (!writeRingbufferFilesInternal()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error writing files to flash";
+    }
+    uint32_t n_error = cpioArchiveFilesInDir(fd, kTombstoneFolderPath);
+    if (n_error != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << n_error << " errors occurred in cpio function";
+    }
+    fsync(fd);
+    return STATUS_OK;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setMultiStaPrimaryConnection(const std::string& in_ifName) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::setMultiStaPrimaryConnectionInternal, in_ifName);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setMultiStaUseCase(IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase in_useCase) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::setMultiStaUseCaseInternal, in_useCase);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setCoexUnsafeChannels(
+        const std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel>& in_unsafeChannels,
+        CoexRestriction in_restrictions) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::setCoexUnsafeChannelsInternal, in_unsafeChannels,
+                           in_restrictions);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setCountryCode(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& in_code) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::setCountryCodeInternal, in_code);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getUsableChannels(WifiBand in_band, WifiIfaceMode in_ifaceModeMask,
+                                               UsableChannelFilter in_filterMask,
+                                               std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getUsableChannelsInternal, _aidl_return, in_band,
+                           in_ifaceModeMask, in_filterMask);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::triggerSubsystemRestart() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::triggerSubsystemRestartInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix(
+        WifiRadioCombinationMatrix* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_CHIP_INVALID,
+                           &WifiChip::getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+void WifiChip::invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces() {
+    invalidateAndClearBridgedApAll();
+    invalidateAndClearAll(ap_ifaces_);
+    invalidateAndClearAll(nan_ifaces_);
+    invalidateAndClearAll(p2p_ifaces_);
+    invalidateAndClearAll(sta_ifaces_);
+    // Since all the ifaces are invalid now, all RTT controller objects
+    // using those ifaces also need to be invalidated.
+    for (const auto& rtt : rtt_controllers_) {
+        rtt->invalidate();
+    }
+    rtt_controllers_.clear();
+}
+
+void WifiChip::invalidateAndRemoveDependencies(const std::string& removed_iface_name) {
+    for (auto it = nan_ifaces_.begin(); it != nan_ifaces_.end();) {
+        auto nan_iface = *it;
+        if (nan_iface->getName() == removed_iface_name) {
+            nan_iface->invalidate();
+            for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+                if (!callback->onIfaceRemoved(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, removed_iface_name).isOk()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceRemoved callback";
+                }
+            }
+            it = nan_ifaces_.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto it = rtt_controllers_.begin(); it != rtt_controllers_.end();) {
+        auto rtt = *it;
+        if (rtt->getIfaceName() == removed_iface_name) {
+            rtt->invalidate();
+            it = rtt_controllers_.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::pair<int32_t, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getIdInternal() {
+    return {chip_id_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::registerEventCallbackInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChipEventCallback>& event_callback) {
+    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(event_callback)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    uint64_t legacy_feature_set;
+    uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set;
+    const auto ifname = getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_feature_set) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getSupportedFeatureSet(ifname);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_logger_feature_set) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getLoggerSupportedFeatureSet(ifname);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        // some devices don't support querying logger feature set
+        legacy_logger_feature_set = 0;
+    }
+    uint32_t aidl_caps;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlChipCapabilities(
+                legacy_feature_set, legacy_logger_feature_set, &aidl_caps)) {
+        return {IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {static_cast<IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask>(aidl_caps), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiChip::getAvailableModesInternal() {
+    return {modes_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::configureChipInternal(
+        /* NONNULL */ std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock, int32_t mode_id) {
+    if (!isValidModeId(mode_id)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    if (mode_id == current_mode_id_) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Already in the specified mode " << mode_id;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = handleChipConfiguration(lock, mode_id);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        WifiStatusCode errorCode = static_cast<WifiStatusCode>(status.getServiceSpecificError());
+        for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->onChipReconfigureFailure(errorCode).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onChipReconfigureFailure callback";
+            }
+        }
+        return status;
+    }
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onChipReconfigured(mode_id).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onChipReconfigured callback";
+        }
+    }
+    current_mode_id_ = mode_id;
+    LOG(INFO) << "Configured chip in mode " << mode_id;
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+
+    legacy_hal_.lock()->registerSubsystemRestartCallbackHandler(subsystemCallbackHandler_);
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+std::pair<int32_t, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getModeInternal() {
+    if (!isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
+        return {current_mode_id_, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    return {current_mode_id_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::requestChipDebugInfoInternal() {
+    IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo result;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::string driver_desc;
+    const auto ifname = getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
+    std::tie(legacy_status, driver_desc) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getDriverVersion(ifname);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get driver version: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        ndk::ScopedAStatus status =
+                createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status, "failed to get driver version");
+        return {std::move(result), std::move(status)};
+    }
+    result.driverDescription = driver_desc.c_str();
+
+    std::string firmware_desc;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, firmware_desc) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getFirmwareVersion(ifname);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get firmware version: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        ndk::ScopedAStatus status =
+                createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status, "failed to get firmware version");
+        return {std::move(result), std::move(status)};
+    }
+    result.firmwareDescription = firmware_desc.c_str();
+
+    return {std::move(result), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::requestDriverDebugDumpInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> driver_dump;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, driver_dump) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->requestDriverMemoryDump(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get driver debug dump: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        return {std::vector<uint8_t>(), createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    return {driver_dump, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::requestFirmwareDebugDumpInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> firmware_dump;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, firmware_dump) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->requestFirmwareMemoryDump(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get firmware debug dump: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        return {std::vector<uint8_t>(), createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    return {firmware_dump, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::createVirtualApInterface(const std::string& apVirtIf) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->createVirtualInterface(
+            apVirtIf, aidl_struct_util::convertAidlIfaceTypeToLegacy(IfaceType::AP));
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to add interface: " << apVirtIf << " "
+                   << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface> WifiChip::newWifiApIface(std::string& ifname) {
+    std::vector<std::string> ap_instances;
+    for (auto const& it : br_ifaces_ap_instances_) {
+        if (it.first == ifname) {
+            ap_instances = it.second;
+        }
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface> iface =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiApIface>(ifname, ap_instances, legacy_hal_, iface_util_);
+    ap_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceAdded(IfaceType::AP, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
+        }
+    }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    return iface;
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::createApIfaceInternal() {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP)) {
+        return {std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface>(),
+                createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    std::string ifname = allocateApIfaceName();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = createVirtualApInterface(ifname);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return {std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface>(), std::move(status)};
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface> iface = newWifiApIface(ifname);
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiChip::createBridgedApIfaceInternal() {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP_BRIDGED)) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> ap_instances = allocateBridgedApInstanceNames();
+    if (ap_instances.size() < 2) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Fail to allocate two instances";
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    std::string br_ifname = kApBridgeIfacePrefix + ap_instances[0];
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        ndk::ScopedAStatus status = createVirtualApInterface(ap_instances[i]);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            if (i != 0) {  // The failure happened when creating second virtual
+                           // iface.
+                legacy_hal_.lock()->deleteVirtualInterface(
+                        ap_instances.front());  // Remove the first virtual iface.
+            }
+            return {nullptr, std::move(status)};
+        }
+    }
+    br_ifaces_ap_instances_[br_ifname] = ap_instances;
+    if (!iface_util_->createBridge(br_ifname)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed createBridge - br_name=" << br_ifname.c_str();
+        invalidateAndClearBridgedAp(br_ifname);
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    for (auto const& instance : ap_instances) {
+        // Bind ap instance interface to AP bridge
+        if (!iface_util_->addIfaceToBridge(br_ifname, instance)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed add if to Bridge - if_name=" << instance.c_str();
+            invalidateAndClearBridgedAp(br_ifname);
+            return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+        }
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface> iface = newWifiApIface(br_ifname);
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getApIfaceNamesInternal() {
+    if (ap_ifaces_.empty()) {
+        return {std::vector<std::string>(), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+    }
+    return {getNames(ap_ifaces_), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getApIfaceInternal(
+        const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS)};
+    }
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeApIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    // Invalidate & remove any dependent objects first.
+    // Note: This is probably not required because we never create
+    // nan/rtt objects over AP iface. But, there is no harm to do it
+    // here and not make that assumption all over the place.
+    invalidateAndRemoveDependencies(ifname);
+    // Clear the bridge interface and the iface instance.
+    invalidateAndClearBridgedAp(ifname);
+    invalidateAndClear(ap_ifaces_, iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceRemoved(IfaceType::AP, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceRemoved callback";
+        }
+    }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIfaceInternal(
+        const std::string& ifname, const std::string& ifInstanceName) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get() || ifInstanceName.empty()) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    // Requires to remove one of the instance in bridge mode
+    for (auto const& it : br_ifaces_ap_instances_) {
+        if (it.first == ifname) {
+            std::vector<std::string> ap_instances = it.second;
+            for (auto const& iface : ap_instances) {
+                if (iface == ifInstanceName) {
+                    if (!iface_util_->removeIfaceFromBridge(it.first, iface)) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to remove interface: " << ifInstanceName << " from "
+                                   << ifname;
+                        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE);
+                    }
+                    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+                            legacy_hal_.lock()->deleteVirtualInterface(iface);
+                    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to del interface: " << iface << " "
+                                   << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+                        return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+                    }
+                    ap_instances.erase(
+                            std::remove(ap_instances.begin(), ap_instances.end(), ifInstanceName),
+                            ap_instances.end());
+                    br_ifaces_ap_instances_[ifname] = ap_instances;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    iface->removeInstance(ifInstanceName);
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::createNanIfaceInternal() {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE)) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    bool is_dedicated_iface = true;
+    std::string ifname = getPredefinedNanIfaceName();
+    if (ifname.empty() || !iface_util_->ifNameToIndex(ifname)) {
+        // Use the first shared STA iface (wlan0) if a dedicated aware iface is
+        // not defined.
+        ifname = getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
+        is_dedicated_iface = false;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiNanIface> iface =
+            WifiNanIface::create(ifname, is_dedicated_iface, legacy_hal_, iface_util_);
+    nan_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceAdded(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
+        }
+    }
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getNanIfaceNamesInternal() {
+    if (nan_ifaces_.empty()) {
+        return {std::vector<std::string>(), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+    }
+    return {getNames(nan_ifaces_), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getNanIfaceInternal(
+        const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(nan_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS)};
+    }
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeNanIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(nan_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    invalidateAndClear(nan_ifaces_, iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceRemoved(IfaceType::NAN_IFACE, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
+        }
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::createP2pIfaceInternal() {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P)) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    std::string ifname = getPredefinedP2pIfaceName();
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiP2pIface> iface =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiP2pIface>(ifname, legacy_hal_);
+    p2p_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceAdded(IfaceType::P2P, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
+        }
+    }
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getP2pIfaceNamesInternal() {
+    if (p2p_ifaces_.empty()) {
+        return {std::vector<std::string>(), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+    }
+    return {getNames(p2p_ifaces_), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getP2pIfaceInternal(
+        const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(p2p_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS)};
+    }
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeP2pIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(p2p_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    invalidateAndClear(p2p_ifaces_, iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceRemoved(IfaceType::P2P, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceRemoved callback";
+        }
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::createStaIfaceInternal() {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA)) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    std::string ifname = allocateStaIfaceName();
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->createVirtualInterface(
+            ifname, aidl_struct_util::convertAidlIfaceTypeToLegacy(IfaceType::STA));
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to add interface: " << ifname << " "
+                   << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiStaIface> iface =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiStaIface>(ifname, legacy_hal_, iface_util_);
+    sta_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceAdded(IfaceType::STA, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
+        }
+    }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getStaIfaceNamesInternal() {
+    if (sta_ifaces_.empty()) {
+        return {std::vector<std::string>(), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+    }
+    return {getNames(sta_ifaces_), ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getStaIfaceInternal(
+        const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(sta_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS)};
+    }
+    return {iface, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::removeStaIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname) {
+    const auto iface = findUsingName(sta_ifaces_, ifname);
+    if (!iface.get()) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    // Invalidate & remove any dependent objects first.
+    invalidateAndRemoveDependencies(ifname);
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->deleteVirtualInterface(ifname);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to remove interface: " << ifname << " "
+                   << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+    }
+    invalidateAndClear(sta_ifaces_, iface);
+    for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
+        if (!callback->onIfaceRemoved(IfaceType::STA, ifname).isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceRemoved callback";
+        }
+    }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiChip::createRttControllerInternal(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& bound_iface) {
+    if (sta_ifaces_.size() == 0 &&
+        !canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "createRttControllerInternal: Chip cannot support STAs "
+                      "(and RTT by extension)";
+        return {nullptr, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE)};
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiRttController> rtt =
+            WifiRttController::create(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), bound_iface, legacy_hal_);
+    rtt_controllers_.emplace_back(rtt);
+    return {rtt, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiChip::getDebugRingBuffersStatusInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status> legacy_ring_buffer_status_vec;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_ring_buffer_status_vec) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBuffersStatus(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>(),
+                createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus> aidl_ring_buffer_status_vec;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(
+                legacy_ring_buffer_status_vec, &aidl_ring_buffer_status_vec)) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>(),
+                createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_ring_buffer_status_vec, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::startLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal(
+        const std::string& ring_name, WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel verbose_level,
+        uint32_t max_interval_in_sec, uint32_t min_data_size_in_bytes) {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = registerDebugRingBufferCallback();
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->startRingBufferLogging(
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), ring_name,
+            static_cast<std::underlying_type<WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel>::type>(verbose_level),
+            max_interval_in_sec, min_data_size_in_bytes);
+    ringbuffer_map_.insert(
+            std::pair<std::string, Ringbuffer>(ring_name, Ringbuffer(kMaxBufferSizeBytes)));
+    // if verbose logging enabled, turn up HAL daemon logging as well.
+    if (verbose_level < WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel::VERBOSE) {
+        ::android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::DEBUG);
+    } else {
+        ::android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::VERBOSE);
+    }
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::forceDumpToDebugRingBufferInternal(const std::string& ring_name) {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = registerDebugRingBufferCallback();
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBufferData(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), ring_name);
+
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::flushRingBufferToFileInternal() {
+    if (!writeRingbufferFilesInternal()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error writing files to flash";
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::stopLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->deregisterRingBufferCallbackHandler(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    if (legacy_status == legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_ = false;
+    }
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiChip::getDebugHostWakeReasonStatsInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::WakeReasonStats legacy_stats;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_stats) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getWakeReasonStats(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats aidl_stats;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyWakeReasonStatsToAidl(legacy_stats, &aidl_stats)) {
+        return {WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_stats, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::enableDebugErrorAlertsInternal(bool enable) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    if (enable) {
+        std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+        const auto& on_alert_callback = [weak_ptr_this](int32_t error_code,
+                                                        std::vector<uint8_t> debug_data) {
+            const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+            if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                return;
+            }
+            for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                if (!callback->onDebugErrorAlert(error_code, debug_data).isOk()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onDebugErrorAlert callback";
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->registerErrorAlertCallbackHandler(
+                getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), on_alert_callback);
+    } else {
+        legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->deregisterErrorAlertCallbackHandler(
+                getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    }
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::selectTxPowerScenarioInternal(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario scenario) {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->selectTxPowerScenario(
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(),
+            aidl_struct_util::convertAidlTxPowerScenarioToLegacy(scenario));
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::resetTxPowerScenarioInternal() {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->resetTxPowerScenario(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setLatencyModeInternal(IWifiChip::LatencyMode mode) {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->setLatencyMode(
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), aidl_struct_util::convertAidlLatencyModeToLegacy(mode));
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setMultiStaPrimaryConnectionInternal(const std::string& ifname) {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->multiStaSetPrimaryConnection(ifname);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setMultiStaUseCaseInternal(IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase use_case) {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->multiStaSetUseCase(
+            aidl_struct_util::convertAidlMultiStaUseCaseToLegacy(use_case));
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setCoexUnsafeChannelsInternal(
+        std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel> unsafe_channels, CoexRestriction restrictions) {
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel> legacy_unsafe_channels;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlVectorOfCoexUnsafeChannelToLegacy(unsafe_channels,
+                                                                        &legacy_unsafe_channels)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    uint32_t aidl_restrictions = static_cast<uint32_t>(restrictions);
+    uint32_t legacy_restrictions = 0;
+    if (aidl_restrictions & static_cast<uint32_t>(CoexRestriction::WIFI_DIRECT)) {
+        legacy_restrictions |= legacy_hal::wifi_coex_restriction::WIFI_DIRECT;
+    }
+    if (aidl_restrictions & static_cast<uint32_t>(CoexRestriction::SOFTAP)) {
+        legacy_restrictions |= legacy_hal::wifi_coex_restriction::SOFTAP;
+    }
+    if (aidl_restrictions & static_cast<uint32_t>(CoexRestriction::WIFI_AWARE)) {
+        legacy_restrictions |= legacy_hal::wifi_coex_restriction::WIFI_AWARE;
+    }
+    auto legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->setCoexUnsafeChannels(legacy_unsafe_channels, legacy_restrictions);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::setCountryCodeInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& code) {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->setCountryCode(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), code);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiChip::getUsableChannelsInternal(
+        WifiBand band, WifiIfaceMode ifaceModeMask, UsableChannelFilter filterMask) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_usable_channel> legacy_usable_channels;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_usable_channels) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getUsableChannels(
+            aidl_struct_util::convertAidlWifiBandToLegacyMacBand(band),
+            aidl_struct_util::convertAidlWifiIfaceModeToLegacy(
+                    static_cast<uint32_t>(ifaceModeMask)),
+            aidl_struct_util::convertAidlUsableChannelFilterToLegacy(
+                    static_cast<uint32_t>(filterMask)));
+
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>(), createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    std::vector<WifiUsableChannel> aidl_usable_channels;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyWifiUsableChannelsToAidl(legacy_usable_channels,
+                                                                 &aidl_usable_channels)) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>(), createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_usable_channels, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<WifiRadioCombinationMatrix, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiChip::getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_radio_combination_matrix* legacy_matrix;
+
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_matrix) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix();
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get SupportedRadioCombinations matrix from legacy HAL: "
+                   << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        return {WifiRadioCombinationMatrix{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+
+    WifiRadioCombinationMatrix aidl_matrix;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyRadioCombinationsMatrixToAidl(legacy_matrix,
+                                                                      &aidl_matrix)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed convertLegacyRadioCombinationsMatrixToAidl() ";
+        return {WifiRadioCombinationMatrix(), createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_matrix, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::triggerSubsystemRestartInternal() {
+    auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->triggerSubsystemRestart();
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::handleChipConfiguration(
+        /* NONNULL */ std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock, int32_t mode_id) {
+    // If the chip is already configured in a different mode, stop
+    // the legacy HAL and then start it after firmware mode change.
+    if (isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Reconfiguring chip from mode " << current_mode_id_ << " to mode " << mode_id;
+        invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces();
+        legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->stop(lock, []() {});
+        if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to stop legacy HAL: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+            return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+        }
+    }
+    // Firmware mode change not needed for V2 devices.
+    bool success = true;
+    if (mode_id == feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Sta) {
+        success = mode_controller_.lock()->changeFirmwareMode(IfaceType::STA);
+    } else if (mode_id == feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV1Ap) {
+        success = mode_controller_.lock()->changeFirmwareMode(IfaceType::AP);
+    }
+    if (!success) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->start();
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to start legacy HAL: " << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
+        return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+    }
+    // Every time the HAL is restarted, we need to register the
+    // radio mode change callback.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus status = registerRadioModeChangeCallback();
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        // This is probably not a critical failure?
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to register radio mode change callback";
+    }
+    // Extract and save the version information into property.
+    std::pair<IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo, ndk::ScopedAStatus> version_info;
+    version_info = WifiChip::requestChipDebugInfoInternal();
+    if (version_info.second.isOk()) {
+        property_set("vendor.wlan.firmware.version",
+                     version_info.first.firmwareDescription.c_str());
+        property_set("vendor.wlan.driver.version", version_info.first.driverDescription.c_str());
+    }
+
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::registerDebugRingBufferCallback() {
+    if (debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_) {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+    const auto& on_ring_buffer_data_callback =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const std::string& name, const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                            const legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status& status) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                WifiDebugRingBufferStatus aidl_status;
+                Ringbuffer::AppendStatus appendstatus;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyDebugRingBufferStatusToAidl(status,
+                                                                                &aidl_status)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Error converting ring buffer status";
+                    return;
+                }
+                {
+                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(shared_ptr_this->lock_t);
+                    const auto& target = shared_ptr_this->ringbuffer_map_.find(name);
+                    if (target != shared_ptr_this->ringbuffer_map_.end()) {
+                        Ringbuffer& cur_buffer = target->second;
+                        appendstatus = cur_buffer.append(data);
+                    } else {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Ringname " << name << " not found";
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    // unique_lock unlocked here
+                }
+                if (appendstatus == Ringbuffer::AppendStatus::FAIL_RING_BUFFER_CORRUPTED) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Ringname " << name << " is corrupted. Clear the ring buffer";
+                    shared_ptr_this->writeRingbufferFilesInternal();
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->registerRingBufferCallbackHandler(
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), on_ring_buffer_data_callback);
+
+    if (legacy_status == legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_ = true;
+    }
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiChip::registerRadioModeChangeCallback() {
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+    const auto& on_radio_mode_change_callback =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const std::vector<legacy_hal::WifiMacInfo>& mac_infos) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                std::vector<IWifiChipEventCallback::RadioModeInfo> aidl_radio_mode_infos;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyWifiMacInfosToAidl(mac_infos,
+                                                                       &aidl_radio_mode_infos)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Error converting wifi mac info";
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->onRadioModeChange(aidl_radio_mode_infos).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onRadioModeChange callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->registerRadioModeChangeCallbackHandler(
+                    getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), on_radio_mode_change_callback);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination>
+WifiChip::getCurrentModeConcurrencyCombinations() {
+    if (!isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Chip not configured in a mode yet";
+        return std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination>();
+    }
+    for (const auto& mode : modes_) {
+        if (mode.id == current_mode_id_) {
+            return mode.availableCombinations;
+        }
+    }
+    CHECK(0) << "Expected to find concurrency combinations for current mode!";
+    return std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination>();
+}
+
+// Returns a map indexed by IfaceConcurrencyType with the number of ifaces currently
+// created of the corresponding concurrency type.
+std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t> WifiChip::getCurrentConcurrencyCombination() {
+    std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t> iface_counts;
+    uint32_t num_ap = 0;
+    uint32_t num_ap_bridged = 0;
+    for (const auto& ap_iface : ap_ifaces_) {
+        std::string ap_iface_name = ap_iface->getName();
+        if (br_ifaces_ap_instances_.count(ap_iface_name) > 0 &&
+            br_ifaces_ap_instances_[ap_iface_name].size() > 1) {
+            num_ap_bridged++;
+        } else {
+            num_ap++;
+        }
+    }
+    iface_counts[IfaceConcurrencyType::AP] = num_ap;
+    iface_counts[IfaceConcurrencyType::AP_BRIDGED] = num_ap_bridged;
+    iface_counts[IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE] = nan_ifaces_.size();
+    iface_counts[IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P] = p2p_ifaces_.size();
+    iface_counts[IfaceConcurrencyType::STA] = sta_ifaces_.size();
+    return iface_counts;
+}
+
+// This expands the provided concurrency combinations to a more parseable
+// form. Returns a vector of available combinations possible with the number
+// of each concurrency type in the combination.
+// This method is a port of HalDeviceManager.expandConcurrencyCombos() from framework.
+std::vector<std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>> WifiChip::expandConcurrencyCombinations(
+        const IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination& combination) {
+    int32_t num_expanded_combos = 1;
+    for (const auto& limit : combination.limits) {
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < limit.maxIfaces; i++) {
+            num_expanded_combos *= limit.types.size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Allocate the vector of expanded combos and reset all concurrency type counts to 0
+    // in each combo.
+    std::vector<std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>> expanded_combos;
+    expanded_combos.resize(num_expanded_combos);
+    for (auto& expanded_combo : expanded_combos) {
+        for (const auto type : {IfaceConcurrencyType::AP, IfaceConcurrencyType::AP_BRIDGED,
+                                IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE, IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P,
+                                IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}) {
+            expanded_combo[type] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    int32_t span = num_expanded_combos;
+    for (const auto& limit : combination.limits) {
+        for (int32_t i = 0; i < limit.maxIfaces; i++) {
+            span /= limit.types.size();
+            for (int32_t k = 0; k < num_expanded_combos; ++k) {
+                const auto iface_type = limit.types[(k / span) % limit.types.size()];
+                expanded_combos[k][iface_type]++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return expanded_combos;
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::canExpandedConcurrencyComboSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(
+        const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+        IfaceConcurrencyType requested_type) {
+    const auto current_combo = getCurrentConcurrencyCombination();
+
+    // Check if we have space for 1 more iface of |type| in this combo
+    for (const auto type :
+         {IfaceConcurrencyType::AP, IfaceConcurrencyType::AP_BRIDGED,
+          IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE, IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P, IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}) {
+        size_t num_ifaces_needed = current_combo.at(type);
+        if (type == requested_type) {
+            num_ifaces_needed++;
+        }
+        size_t num_ifaces_allowed = expanded_combo.at(type);
+        if (num_ifaces_needed > num_ifaces_allowed) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// This method does the following:
+// a) Enumerate all possible concurrency combos by expanding the current
+//    ChipConcurrencyCombination.
+// b) Check if the requested concurrency type can be added to the current mode
+//    with the concurrency combination that is already active.
+bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(
+        IfaceConcurrencyType requested_type) {
+    if (!isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Chip not configured in a mode yet";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto combinations = getCurrentModeConcurrencyCombinations();
+    for (const auto& combination : combinations) {
+        const auto expanded_combos = expandConcurrencyCombinations(combination);
+        for (const auto& expanded_combo : expanded_combos) {
+            if (canExpandedConcurrencyComboSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(expanded_combo,
+                                                                                  requested_type)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Note: This does not consider concurrency types already active. It only checks if the
+// provided expanded concurrency combination can support the requested combo.
+bool WifiChip::canExpandedConcurrencyComboSupportConcurrencyCombo(
+        const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+        const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& req_combo) {
+    // Check if we have space for 1 more |type| in this combo
+    for (const auto type :
+         {IfaceConcurrencyType::AP, IfaceConcurrencyType::AP_BRIDGED,
+          IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE, IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P, IfaceConcurrencyType::STA}) {
+        if (req_combo.count(type) == 0) {
+            // Concurrency type not in the req_combo.
+            continue;
+        }
+        size_t num_ifaces_needed = req_combo.at(type);
+        size_t num_ifaces_allowed = expanded_combo.at(type);
+        if (num_ifaces_needed > num_ifaces_allowed) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// This method does the following:
+// a) Enumerate all possible concurrency combos by expanding the current
+//    ChipConcurrencyCombination.
+// b) Check if the requested concurrency combo can be added to the current mode.
+// Note: This does not consider concurrency types already active. It only checks if the
+// current mode can support the requested combo.
+bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyCombo(
+        const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& req_combo) {
+    if (!isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Chip not configured in a mode yet";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto combinations = getCurrentModeConcurrencyCombinations();
+    for (const auto& combination : combinations) {
+        const auto expanded_combos = expandConcurrencyCombinations(combination);
+        for (const auto& expanded_combo : expanded_combos) {
+            if (canExpandedConcurrencyComboSupportConcurrencyCombo(expanded_combo, req_combo)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// This method does the following:
+// a) Enumerate all possible concurrency combos by expanding the current
+//    ChipConcurrencyCombination.
+// b) Check if the requested concurrency type can be added to the current mode.
+bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType requested_type) {
+    // Check if we can support at least 1 of the requested concurrency type.
+    std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t> req_iface_combo;
+    req_iface_combo[requested_type] = 1;
+    return canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyCombo(req_iface_combo);
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::isValidModeId(int32_t mode_id) {
+    for (const auto& mode : modes_) {
+        if (mode.id == mode_id) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::isStaApConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode() {
+    // Check if we can support at least 1 STA & 1 AP concurrently.
+    std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t> req_iface_combo;
+    req_iface_combo[IfaceConcurrencyType::STA] = 1;
+    req_iface_combo[IfaceConcurrencyType::AP] = 1;
+    return canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyCombo(req_iface_combo);
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::isDualStaConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode() {
+    // Check if we can support at least 2 STA concurrently.
+    std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t> req_iface_combo;
+    req_iface_combo[IfaceConcurrencyType::STA] = 2;
+    return canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyCombo(req_iface_combo);
+}
+
+std::string WifiChip::getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName() {
+    if (sta_ifaces_.size() > 0) return sta_ifaces_[0]->getName();
+    if (ap_ifaces_.size() > 0) {
+        // If the first active wlan iface is bridged iface.
+        // Return first instance name.
+        for (auto const& it : br_ifaces_ap_instances_) {
+            if (it.first == ap_ifaces_[0]->getName()) {
+                return it.second[0];
+            }
+        }
+        return ap_ifaces_[0]->getName();
+    }
+    // This could happen if the chip call is made before any STA/AP
+    // iface is created. Default to wlan0 for such cases.
+    LOG(WARNING) << "No active wlan interfaces in use! Using default";
+    return getWlanIfaceNameWithType(IfaceType::STA, 0);
+}
+
+// Return the first wlan (wlan0, wlan1 etc.) starting from |start_idx|
+// not already in use.
+// Note: This doesn't check the actual presence of these interfaces.
+std::string WifiChip::allocateApOrStaIfaceName(IfaceType type, uint32_t start_idx) {
+    for (unsigned idx = start_idx; idx < kMaxWlanIfaces; idx++) {
+        const auto ifname = getWlanIfaceNameWithType(type, idx);
+        if (findUsingNameFromBridgedApInstances(ifname)) continue;
+        if (findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname)) continue;
+        if (findUsingName(sta_ifaces_, ifname)) continue;
+        return ifname;
+    }
+    // This should never happen. We screwed up somewhere if it did.
+    CHECK(false) << "All wlan interfaces in use already!";
+    return {};
+}
+
+uint32_t WifiChip::startIdxOfApIface() {
+    if (isDualStaConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode()) {
+        // When the HAL support dual STAs, AP should start with idx 2.
+        return 2;
+    } else if (isStaApConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode()) {
+        //  When the HAL support STA + AP but it doesn't support dual STAs.
+        //  AP should start with idx 1.
+        return 1;
+    }
+    // No concurrency support.
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// AP iface names start with idx 1 for modes supporting
+// concurrent STA and not dual AP, else start with idx 0.
+std::string WifiChip::allocateApIfaceName() {
+    // Check if we have a dedicated iface for AP.
+    std::vector<std::string> ifnames = getPredefinedApIfaceNames(true);
+    for (auto const& ifname : ifnames) {
+        if (findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname)) continue;
+        return ifname;
+    }
+    return allocateApOrStaIfaceName(IfaceType::AP, startIdxOfApIface());
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> WifiChip::allocateBridgedApInstanceNames() {
+    // Check if we have a dedicated iface for AP.
+    std::vector<std::string> instances = getPredefinedApIfaceNames(true);
+    if (instances.size() == 2) {
+        return instances;
+    } else {
+        int num_ifaces_need_to_allocate = 2 - instances.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_ifaces_need_to_allocate; i++) {
+            std::string instance_name =
+                    allocateApOrStaIfaceName(IfaceType::AP, startIdxOfApIface() + i);
+            if (!instance_name.empty()) {
+                instances.push_back(instance_name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return instances;
+}
+
+// STA iface names start with idx 0.
+// Primary STA iface will always be 0.
+std::string WifiChip::allocateStaIfaceName() {
+    return allocateApOrStaIfaceName(IfaceType::STA, 0);
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::writeRingbufferFilesInternal() {
+    if (!removeOldFilesInternal()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error occurred while deleting old tombstone files";
+        return false;
+    }
+    // write ringbuffers to file
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(lock_t);
+        for (auto& item : ringbuffer_map_) {
+            Ringbuffer& cur_buffer = item.second;
+            if (cur_buffer.getData().empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            const std::string file_path_raw = kTombstoneFolderPath + item.first + "XXXXXXXXXX";
+            const int dump_fd = mkstemp(makeCharVec(file_path_raw).data());
+            if (dump_fd == -1) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "create file failed";
+                return false;
+            }
+            unique_fd file_auto_closer(dump_fd);
+            for (const auto& cur_block : cur_buffer.getData()) {
+                if (cur_block.size() <= 0 || cur_block.size() > kMaxBufferSizeBytes) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Ring buffer: " << item.first
+                                << " is corrupted. Invalid block size: " << cur_block.size();
+                    break;
+                }
+                if (write(dump_fd, cur_block.data(), sizeof(cur_block[0]) * cur_block.size()) ==
+                    -1) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Error writing to file";
+                }
+            }
+            cur_buffer.clear();
+        }
+        // unique_lock unlocked here
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string WifiChip::getWlanIfaceNameWithType(IfaceType type, unsigned idx) {
+    std::string ifname;
+
+    // let the legacy hal override the interface name
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error err = legacy_hal_.lock()->getSupportedIfaceName((uint32_t)type, ifname);
+    if (err == legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) return ifname;
+
+    return getWlanIfaceName(idx);
+}
+
+void WifiChip::invalidateAndClearBridgedApAll() {
+    for (auto const& it : br_ifaces_ap_instances_) {
+        for (auto const& iface : it.second) {
+            iface_util_->removeIfaceFromBridge(it.first, iface);
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->deleteVirtualInterface(iface);
+        }
+        iface_util_->deleteBridge(it.first);
+    }
+    br_ifaces_ap_instances_.clear();
+}
+
+void WifiChip::invalidateAndClearBridgedAp(const std::string& br_name) {
+    if (br_name.empty()) return;
+    // delete managed interfaces
+    for (auto const& it : br_ifaces_ap_instances_) {
+        if (it.first == br_name) {
+            for (auto const& iface : it.second) {
+                iface_util_->removeIfaceFromBridge(br_name, iface);
+                legacy_hal_.lock()->deleteVirtualInterface(iface);
+            }
+            iface_util_->deleteBridge(br_name);
+            br_ifaces_ap_instances_.erase(br_name);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    return;
+}
+
+bool WifiChip::findUsingNameFromBridgedApInstances(const std::string& name) {
+    for (auto const& it : br_ifaces_ap_instances_) {
+        if (it.first == name) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        for (auto const& iface : it.second) {
+            if (iface == name) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_chip.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_chip.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59eaa4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_chip.h
@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_CHIP_H_
+#define WIFI_CHIP_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiChip.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiRttController.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "aidl_callback_util.h"
+#include "ringbuffer.h"
+#include "wifi_ap_iface.h"
+#include "wifi_feature_flags.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+#include "wifi_mode_controller.h"
+#include "wifi_nan_iface.h"
+#include "wifi_p2p_iface.h"
+#include "wifi_rtt_controller.h"
+#include "wifi_sta_iface.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface object used to control a Wifi HAL chip instance.
+ * Since there is only a single chip instance used today, there is no
+ * identifying handle information stored here.
+ */
+class WifiChip : public BnWifiChip {
+  public:
+    WifiChip(int32_t chip_id, bool is_primary,
+             const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+             const std::weak_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller,
+             const std::shared_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util,
+             const std::weak_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags,
+             const std::function<void(const std::string&)>& subsystemCallbackHandler);
+
+    // Factory method - use instead of default constructor.
+    static std::shared_ptr<WifiChip> create(
+            int32_t chip_id, bool is_primary,
+            const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+            const std::weak_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller,
+            const std::shared_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util,
+            const std::weak_ptr<feature_flags::WifiFeatureFlags> feature_flags,
+            const std::function<void(const std::string&)>& subsystemCallbackHandler);
+
+    // AIDL does not provide a built-in mechanism to let the server invalidate
+    // an AIDL interface object after creation. If any client process holds onto
+    // a reference to the object in their context, any method calls on that
+    // reference will continue to be directed to the server.
+    //
+    // However Wifi HAL needs to control the lifetime of these objects. So, add
+    // a public |invalidate| method to |WifiChip| and its child objects. This
+    // will be used to mark an object invalid when either:
+    // a) Wifi HAL is stopped, or
+    // b) Wifi Chip is reconfigured.
+    //
+    // All AIDL method implementations should check if the object is still
+    // marked valid before processing them.
+    void invalidate();
+    bool isValid();
+    std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiChipEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks();
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getId(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChipEventCallback>& in_callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCapabilities(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getAvailableModes(std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configureChip(int32_t in_modeId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getMode(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus requestChipDebugInfo(IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus requestDriverDebugDump(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus requestFirmwareDebugDump(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createBridgedApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getApIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getApIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                  std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeApIface(const std::string& in_ifname) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIface(
+            const std::string& in_brIfaceName, const std::string& in_ifaceInstanceName) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createNanIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getNanIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getNanIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeNanIface(const std::string& in_ifname) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createP2pIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getP2pIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getP2pIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeP2pIface(const std::string& in_ifname) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createStaIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getStaIfaceNames(std::vector<std::string>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getStaIface(const std::string& in_ifname,
+                                   std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeStaIface(const std::string& in_ifname) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createRttController(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& in_boundIface,
+            std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDebugRingBuffersStatus(
+            std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startLoggingToDebugRingBuffer(
+            const std::string& in_ringName, WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel in_verboseLevel,
+            int32_t in_maxIntervalInSec, int32_t in_minDataSizeInBytes) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus forceDumpToDebugRingBuffer(const std::string& in_ringName) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus flushRingBufferToFile() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopLoggingToDebugRingBuffer() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDebugHostWakeReasonStats(
+            WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableDebugErrorAlerts(bool in_enable) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario in_scenario) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus resetTxPowerScenario() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setLatencyMode(IWifiChip::LatencyMode in_mode) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMultiStaPrimaryConnection(const std::string& in_ifName) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMultiStaUseCase(IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase in_useCase) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCoexUnsafeChannels(
+            const std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel>& in_unsafeChannels,
+            CoexRestriction in_restrictions) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCountryCode(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& in_code) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getUsableChannels(WifiBand in_band, WifiIfaceMode in_ifaceModeMask,
+                                         UsableChannelFilter in_filterMask,
+                                         std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus triggerSubsystemRestart() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix(
+            WifiRadioCombinationMatrix* _aidl_return) override;
+    binder_status_t dump(int fd, const char** args, uint32_t numArgs) override;
+
+  private:
+    void invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces();
+    // When a STA iface is removed any dependent NAN-ifaces/RTT-controllers are
+    // invalidated & removed.
+    void invalidateAndRemoveDependencies(const std::string& removed_iface_name);
+
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    std::pair<int32_t, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getIdInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallbackInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChipEventCallback>& event_callback);
+    std::pair<IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getCapabilitiesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getAvailableModesInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configureChipInternal(std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock,
+                                             int32_t mode_id);
+    std::pair<int32_t, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getModeInternal();
+    std::pair<IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo, ndk::ScopedAStatus> requestChipDebugInfoInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> requestDriverDebugDumpInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> requestFirmwareDebugDumpInternal();
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface> newWifiApIface(std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createVirtualApInterface(const std::string& apVirtIf);
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> createApIfaceInternal();
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> createBridgedApIfaceInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getApIfaceNamesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getApIfaceInternal(
+            const std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeApIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIfaceInternal(
+            const std::string& brIfaceName, const std::string& ifInstanceName);
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> createNanIfaceInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getNanIfaceNamesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getNanIfaceInternal(
+            const std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeNanIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname);
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> createP2pIfaceInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getP2pIfaceNamesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getP2pIfaceInternal(
+            const std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeP2pIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname);
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> createStaIfaceInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getStaIfaceNamesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getStaIfaceInternal(
+            const std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus removeStaIfaceInternal(const std::string& ifname);
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> createRttControllerInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& bound_iface);
+    std::pair<std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getDebugRingBuffersStatusInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal(
+            const std::string& ring_name, WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel verbose_level,
+            uint32_t max_interval_in_sec, uint32_t min_data_size_in_bytes);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus forceDumpToDebugRingBufferInternal(const std::string& ring_name);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus flushRingBufferToFileInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal();
+    std::pair<WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getDebugHostWakeReasonStatsInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableDebugErrorAlertsInternal(bool enable);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus selectTxPowerScenarioInternal(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario scenario);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus resetTxPowerScenarioInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setLatencyModeInternal(IWifiChip::LatencyMode mode);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMultiStaPrimaryConnectionInternal(const std::string& ifname);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMultiStaUseCaseInternal(IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase use_case);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCoexUnsafeChannelsInternal(
+            std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel> unsafe_channels,
+            CoexRestriction restrictions);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setCountryCodeInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 2>& in_code);
+    std::pair<std::vector<WifiUsableChannel>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getUsableChannelsInternal(
+            WifiBand band, WifiIfaceMode ifaceModeMask, UsableChannelFilter filterMask);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus handleChipConfiguration(std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock,
+                                               int32_t mode_id);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerDebugRingBufferCallback();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerRadioModeChangeCallback();
+
+    std::vector<ChipConcurrencyCombination> getCurrentModeConcurrencyCombinations();
+    std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t> getCurrentConcurrencyCombination();
+    std::vector<std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>> expandConcurrencyCombinations(
+            const ChipConcurrencyCombination& combination);
+    bool canExpandedConcurrencyComboSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(
+            const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+            IfaceConcurrencyType requested_type);
+    bool canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyTypeWithCurrentTypes(IfaceConcurrencyType requested_type);
+    bool canExpandedConcurrencyComboSupportConcurrencyCombo(
+            const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+            const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& req_combo);
+    bool canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyCombo(
+            const std::map<IfaceConcurrencyType, size_t>& req_combo);
+    bool canCurrentModeSupportConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType requested_type);
+
+    bool isValidModeId(int32_t mode_id);
+    bool isStaApConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode();
+    bool isDualStaConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode();
+    uint32_t startIdxOfApIface();
+    std::string getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
+    std::string allocateApOrStaIfaceName(IfaceType type, uint32_t start_idx);
+    std::string allocateApIfaceName();
+    std::vector<std::string> allocateBridgedApInstanceNames();
+    std::string allocateStaIfaceName();
+    bool writeRingbufferFilesInternal();
+    std::string getWlanIfaceNameWithType(IfaceType type, unsigned idx);
+    void invalidateAndClearBridgedApAll();
+    void invalidateAndClearBridgedAp(const std::string& br_name);
+    bool findUsingNameFromBridgedApInstances(const std::string& name);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus triggerSubsystemRestartInternal();
+    std::pair<WifiRadioCombinationMatrix, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixInternal();
+    void setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> ptr);
+
+    int32_t chip_id_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    std::weak_ptr<mode_controller::WifiModeController> mode_controller_;
+    std::shared_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiApIface>> ap_ifaces_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiNanIface>> nan_ifaces_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiP2pIface>> p2p_ifaces_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiStaIface>> sta_ifaces_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiRttController>> rtt_controllers_;
+    std::map<std::string, Ringbuffer> ringbuffer_map_;
+    bool is_valid_;
+    // Members pertaining to chip configuration.
+    int32_t current_mode_id_;
+    std::mutex lock_t;
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes_;
+    // The legacy ring buffer callback API has only a global callback
+    // registration mechanism. Use this to check if we have already
+    // registered a callback.
+    bool debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_;
+    aidl_callback_util::AidlCallbackHandler<IWifiChipEventCallback> event_cb_handler_;
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiChip> weak_ptr_this_;
+
+    const std::function<void(const std::string&)> subsystemCallbackHandler_;
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> br_ifaces_ap_instances_;
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiChip);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_CHIP_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_feature_flags.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_feature_flags.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c9f042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_feature_flags.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+
+#include "wifi_feature_flags.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace feature_flags {
+
+/* The chip may either have a single mode supporting any number of combinations,
+ * or a fixed dual-mode (so it involves firmware loading to switch between
+ * modes) setting. If there is a need to support more modes, it needs to be
+ * implemented manually in WiFi HAL (see changeFirmwareMode in
+ * WifiChip::handleChipConfiguration).
+ *
+ * Supported combinations are defined in device's makefile, for example:
+ *    WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS := {{{STA, AP}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}},
+ *    WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS += {{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 2}}
+ * What this means:
+ *    Interface concurrency combination 1: 1 STA or AP and 1 P2P or NAN concurrent iface
+ *                             operations.
+ *    Interface concurrency combination 2: 1 STA and 2 AP concurrent iface operations.
+ *
+ * For backward compatibility, the following makefile flags can be used to
+ * generate combinations list:
+ *  - WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DUAL_INTERFACE
+ *  - WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP
+ *  - WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_AWARE
+ * However, they are ignored if WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS was provided.
+ * With WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DUAL_INTERFACE flag set, there is a single mode with
+ * two concurrency combinations:
+ *    Interface Concurrency Combination 1: Will support 1 STA and 1 P2P or NAN (optional)
+ *                             concurrent iface operations.
+ *    Interface Concurrency Combination 2: Will support 1 STA and 1 AP concurrent
+ *                             iface operations.
+ *
+ * The only dual-mode configuration supported is for alternating STA and AP
+ * mode, that may involve firmware reloading. In such case, there are 2 separate
+ * modes of operation with 1 concurrency combination each:
+ *    Mode 1 (STA mode): Will support 1 STA and 1 P2P or NAN (optional)
+ *                       concurrent iface operations.
+ *    Mode 2 (AP mode): Will support 1 AP iface operation.
+ *
+ * If Aware is enabled, the concurrency combination will be modified to support either
+ * P2P or NAN in place of just P2P.
+ */
+// clang-format off
+#ifdef WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS
+constexpr int kMainModeId = chip_mode_ids::kV3;
+#elif defined(WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DUAL_INTERFACE)
+// former V2 (fixed dual interface) setup expressed as V3
+constexpr int kMainModeId = chip_mode_ids::kV3;
+#  ifdef WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP
+#    ifdef WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_AWARE
+//     1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN)
+#      define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}
+#    else
+//     1 STA + 1 P2P
+#      define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P}, 1}}
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    ifdef WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_AWARE
+//     (1 STA + 1 AP) or (1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+#      define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS {{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 1}},\
+                                              {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}
+#    else
+//     (1 STA + 1 AP) or (1 STA + 1 P2P)
+#      define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS {{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 1}},\
+                                              {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P}, 1}}
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#else
+// V1 (fixed single interface, dual-mode chip)
+constexpr int kMainModeId = chip_mode_ids::kV1Sta;
+#  ifdef WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_AWARE
+//   1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN)
+#    define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}
+#  else
+//   1 STA + 1 P2P
+#    define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P}, 1}}
+#  endif
+
+#  ifndef WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP
+#    define WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS_AP {{{AP}, 1}}
+#  endif
+#endif
+// clang-format on
+
+// Convert from the legacy format (used by the WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS
+// config variable) to a list of ChipConcurrencyCombination objects.
+std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList(
+        std::vector<std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombinationLimit>> legacyLimits) {
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination> combos;
+    for (auto& legacyLimit : legacyLimits) {
+        IWifiChip::ChipConcurrencyCombination combo = {legacyLimit};
+        combos.push_back(combo);
+    }
+    return combos;
+}
+
+#define STA IfaceConcurrencyType::STA
+#define AP IfaceConcurrencyType::AP
+#define AP_BRIDGED IfaceConcurrencyType::AP_BRIDGED
+#define P2P IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P
+#define NAN IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE
+static const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> kChipModesPrimary{
+        {kMainModeId, legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList({WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS})},
+#ifdef WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS_AP
+        {chip_mode_ids::kV1Ap,
+         legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList({WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS_AP})},
+#endif
+};
+
+static const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> kChipModesSecondary{
+#ifdef WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS_SECONDARY_CHIP
+        {chip_mode_ids::kV3,
+         legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList({WIFI_HAL_INTERFACE_COMBINATIONS_SECONDARY_CHIP})},
+#endif
+};
+
+constexpr char kDebugPresetInterfaceCombinationIdxProperty[] =
+        "persist.vendor.debug.wifi.hal.preset_interface_combination_idx";
+// List of pre-defined concurrency combinations that can be enabled at runtime via
+// setting the property: "kDebugPresetInterfaceCombinationIdxProperty" to the
+// corresponding index value.
+static const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>>> kDebugChipModes{
+        // Legacy combination - No STA/AP concurrencies.
+        // 0 - (1 AP) or (1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+        {"No STA/AP Concurrency",
+         {{kMainModeId,
+           legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList({{{{AP}, 1}}, {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}})}}},
+
+        // STA + AP concurrency
+        // 1 - (1 STA + 1 AP) or (1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+        {"STA + AP Concurrency",
+         {{kMainModeId, legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList(
+                                {{{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 1}}, {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}})}}},
+
+        // STA + STA concurrency
+        // 2 - (1 STA + 1 AP) or (2 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+        {"Dual STA Concurrency",
+         {{kMainModeId, legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList(
+                                {{{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 1}}, {{{STA}, 2}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}})}}},
+
+        // AP + AP + STA concurrency
+        // 3 - (1 STA + 2 AP) or (1 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+        {"Dual AP Concurrency",
+         {{kMainModeId, legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList(
+                                {{{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 2}}, {{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}})}}},
+
+        // STA + STA concurrency and AP + AP + STA concurrency
+        // 4 - (1 STA + 2 AP) or (2 STA + 1 of (P2P or NAN))
+        {"Dual STA & Dual AP Concurrency",
+         {{kMainModeId, legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList(
+                                {{{{STA}, 1}, {{AP}, 2}}, {{{STA}, 2}, {{P2P, NAN}, 1}}})}}},
+
+        // STA + STA concurrency
+        // 5 - (1 STA + 1 AP (bridged or single) | P2P | NAN), or (2 STA))
+        {"Dual STA or STA plus single other interface",
+         {{kMainModeId, legacyToChipConcurrencyComboList(
+                                {{{{STA}, 1}, {{P2P, NAN, AP, AP_BRIDGED}, 1}}, {{{STA}, 2}}})}}}};
+
+#undef STA
+#undef AP
+#undef AP_BRIDGED
+#undef P2P
+#undef NAN
+
+#ifdef WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP_MAC_RANDOMIZATION
+#pragma message                                                                   \
+        "WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP_MAC_RANDOMIZATION is deprecated; override " \
+        "'config_wifi_ap_randomization_supported' in "                            \
+        "frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml in the device overlay "   \
+        "instead"
+#endif  // WIFI_HIDL_FEATURE_DISABLE_AP_MAC_RANDOMIZATION
+
+WifiFeatureFlags::WifiFeatureFlags() {}
+
+std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> WifiFeatureFlags::getChipModesForPrimary() {
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> buffer;
+    auto res = property_get(kDebugPresetInterfaceCombinationIdxProperty, buffer.data(), nullptr);
+    // Debug property not set, use the device preset concurrency combination.
+    if (res <= 0) return kChipModesPrimary;
+
+    // Debug property set, use one of the debug preset concurrency combination.
+    unsigned long idx = std::stoul(buffer.data());
+    if (idx >= kDebugChipModes.size()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid index set in property: "
+                   << kDebugPresetInterfaceCombinationIdxProperty;
+        return kChipModesPrimary;
+    }
+    std::string name;
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> chip_modes;
+    std::tie(name, chip_modes) = kDebugChipModes[idx];
+    LOG(INFO) << "Using debug chip mode: <" << name
+              << "> set via property: " << kDebugPresetInterfaceCombinationIdxProperty;
+    return chip_modes;
+}
+
+std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> WifiFeatureFlags::getChipModes(bool is_primary) {
+    return (is_primary) ? getChipModesForPrimary() : kChipModesSecondary;
+}
+
+}  // namespace feature_flags
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_feature_flags.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_feature_flags.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af1b6a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_feature_flags.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_FEATURE_FLAGS_H_
+#define WIFI_FEATURE_FLAGS_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiChip.h>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace feature_flags {
+
+namespace chip_mode_ids {
+// These mode ID's should be unique (even across combo versions). Refer to
+// handleChipConfiguration() for its usage.
+constexpr uint32_t kInvalid = UINT32_MAX;
+// Mode ID's for V1
+constexpr uint32_t kV1Sta = 0;
+constexpr uint32_t kV1Ap = 1;
+// Mode ID for V3
+constexpr uint32_t kV3 = 3;
+}  // namespace chip_mode_ids
+
+class WifiFeatureFlags {
+  public:
+    WifiFeatureFlags();
+    virtual ~WifiFeatureFlags() = default;
+
+    virtual std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> getChipModes(bool is_primary);
+
+  private:
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> getChipModesForPrimary();
+};
+
+}  // namespace feature_flags
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_FEATURE_FLAGS_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_iface_util.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_iface_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f788217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_iface_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "wifi_iface_util.h"
+
+namespace {
+// Constants to set the local bit & clear the multicast bit.
+constexpr uint8_t kMacAddressMulticastMask = 0x01;
+constexpr uint8_t kMacAddressLocallyAssignedMask = 0x02;
+
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace iface_util {
+
+WifiIfaceUtil::WifiIfaceUtil(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+                             const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal)
+    : iface_tool_(iface_tool),
+      legacy_hal_(legacy_hal),
+      random_mac_address_(nullptr),
+      event_handlers_map_() {}
+
+std::array<uint8_t, 6> WifiIfaceUtil::getFactoryMacAddress(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    return iface_tool_.lock()->GetFactoryMacAddress(iface_name.c_str());
+}
+
+bool WifiIfaceUtil::setMacAddress(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                  const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac) {
+#ifndef WIFI_AVOID_IFACE_RESET_MAC_CHANGE
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    uint64_t legacy_feature_set;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_feature_set) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getSupportedFeatureSet(iface_name);
+
+    if (!(legacy_feature_set & WIFI_FEATURE_DYNAMIC_SET_MAC) &&
+        !iface_tool_.lock()->SetUpState(iface_name.c_str(), false)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "SetUpState(false) failed.";
+        return false;
+    }
+#endif
+    bool success = iface_tool_.lock()->SetMacAddress(iface_name.c_str(), mac);
+#ifndef WIFI_AVOID_IFACE_RESET_MAC_CHANGE
+    if (!(legacy_feature_set & WIFI_FEATURE_DYNAMIC_SET_MAC) &&
+        !iface_tool_.lock()->SetUpState(iface_name.c_str(), true)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "SetUpState(true) failed. Wait for driver ready.";
+        // Wait for driver ready and try to set iface UP again
+        if (legacy_hal_.lock()->waitForDriverReady() != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "SetUpState(true) wait for driver ready failed.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!iface_tool_.lock()->SetUpState(iface_name.c_str(), true)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "SetUpState(true) failed after retry.";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    IfaceEventHandlers event_handlers = {};
+    const auto it = event_handlers_map_.find(iface_name);
+    if (it != event_handlers_map_.end()) {
+        event_handlers = it->second;
+    }
+    if (event_handlers.on_state_toggle_off_on != nullptr) {
+        event_handlers.on_state_toggle_off_on(iface_name);
+    }
+    if (!success) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "SetMacAddress failed on " << iface_name;
+    } else {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "SetMacAddress succeeded on " << iface_name;
+    }
+    return success;
+}
+
+std::array<uint8_t, 6> WifiIfaceUtil::getOrCreateRandomMacAddress() {
+    if (random_mac_address_) {
+        return *random_mac_address_.get();
+    }
+    random_mac_address_ = std::make_unique<std::array<uint8_t, 6>>(createRandomMacAddress());
+    return *random_mac_address_.get();
+}
+
+void WifiIfaceUtil::registerIfaceEventHandlers(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                               IfaceEventHandlers handlers) {
+    event_handlers_map_[iface_name] = handlers;
+}
+
+void WifiIfaceUtil::unregisterIfaceEventHandlers(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    event_handlers_map_.erase(iface_name);
+}
+
+std::array<uint8_t, 6> WifiIfaceUtil::createRandomMacAddress() {
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> address = {};
+    std::random_device rd;
+    std::default_random_engine engine(rd());
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<uint8_t> dist(std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::min(),
+                                                std::numeric_limits<uint8_t>::max());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < address.size(); i++) {
+        address[i] = dist(engine);
+    }
+    // Set the local bit and clear the multicast bit.
+    address[0] |= kMacAddressLocallyAssignedMask;
+    address[0] &= ~kMacAddressMulticastMask;
+    return address;
+}
+
+bool WifiIfaceUtil::setUpState(const std::string& iface_name, bool request_up) {
+    if (!iface_tool_.lock()->SetUpState(iface_name.c_str(), request_up)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "SetUpState to " << request_up << " failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+unsigned WifiIfaceUtil::ifNameToIndex(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    return if_nametoindex(iface_name.c_str());
+}
+
+bool WifiIfaceUtil::createBridge(const std::string& br_name) {
+    if (!iface_tool_.lock()->createBridge(br_name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!iface_tool_.lock()->SetUpState(br_name.c_str(), true)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "bridge SetUpState(true) failed.";
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool WifiIfaceUtil::deleteBridge(const std::string& br_name) {
+    if (!iface_tool_.lock()->SetUpState(br_name.c_str(), false)) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "SetUpState(false) failed for bridge=" << br_name.c_str();
+    }
+
+    return iface_tool_.lock()->deleteBridge(br_name);
+}
+
+bool WifiIfaceUtil::addIfaceToBridge(const std::string& br_name, const std::string& if_name) {
+    return iface_tool_.lock()->addIfaceToBridge(br_name, if_name);
+}
+
+bool WifiIfaceUtil::removeIfaceFromBridge(const std::string& br_name, const std::string& if_name) {
+    return iface_tool_.lock()->removeIfaceFromBridge(br_name, if_name);
+}
+
+}  // namespace iface_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_iface_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_iface_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3236a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_iface_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_IFACE_UTIL_H_
+#define WIFI_IFACE_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifi.h>
+#include <wifi_system/interface_tool.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace iface_util {
+
+// Iface event handlers.
+struct IfaceEventHandlers {
+    // Callback to be invoked when the iface is set down & up for MAC address
+    // change.
+    std::function<void(const std::string& iface_name)> on_state_toggle_off_on;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Util class for common iface operations.
+ */
+class WifiIfaceUtil {
+  public:
+    WifiIfaceUtil(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+                  const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal);
+    virtual ~WifiIfaceUtil() = default;
+
+    virtual std::array<uint8_t, 6> getFactoryMacAddress(const std::string& iface_name);
+    virtual bool setMacAddress(const std::string& iface_name, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac);
+    // Get or create a random MAC address. The MAC address returned from
+    // this method will remain the same throughout the lifetime of the HAL
+    // daemon. (So, changes on every reboot)
+    virtual std::array<uint8_t, 6> getOrCreateRandomMacAddress();
+
+    // Register for any iface event callbacks for the provided interface.
+    virtual void registerIfaceEventHandlers(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                            IfaceEventHandlers handlers);
+    virtual void unregisterIfaceEventHandlers(const std::string& iface_name);
+    virtual bool setUpState(const std::string& iface_name, bool request_up);
+    virtual unsigned ifNameToIndex(const std::string& iface_name);
+
+    virtual bool createBridge(const std::string& br_name);
+
+    virtual bool deleteBridge(const std::string& br_name);
+
+    virtual bool addIfaceToBridge(const std::string& br_name, const std::string& if_name);
+
+    virtual bool removeIfaceFromBridge(const std::string& br_name, const std::string& if_name);
+    // Get a random MAC address.
+    virtual std::array<uint8_t, 6> createRandomMacAddress();
+
+  private:
+    std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    std::unique_ptr<std::array<uint8_t, 6>> random_mac_address_;
+    std::map<std::string, IfaceEventHandlers> event_handlers_map_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace iface_util
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_IFACE_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e73ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1654 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "aidl_sync_util.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.h"
+
+namespace {
+// Constants ported over from the legacy HAL calling code
+// (com_android_server_wifi_WifiNative.cpp). This will all be thrown
+// away when this shim layer is replaced by the real vendor
+// implementation.
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxVersionStringLength = 256;
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxCachedGscanResults = 64;
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxGscanFrequenciesForBand = 64;
+static constexpr uint32_t kLinkLayerStatsDataMpduSizeThreshold = 128;
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxWakeReasonStatsArraySize = 32;
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBuffers = 10;
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxWifiUsableChannels = 256;
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixLength = 256;
+// Need a long timeout (1000ms) for chips that unload their driver.
+static constexpr uint32_t kMaxStopCompleteWaitMs = 1000;
+static constexpr char kDriverPropName[] = "wlan.driver.status";
+
+// Helper function to create a non-const char* for legacy Hal API's.
+std::vector<char> makeCharVec(const std::string& str) {
+    std::vector<char> vec(str.size() + 1);
+    vec.assign(str.begin(), str.end());
+    vec.push_back('\0');
+    return vec;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace legacy_hal {
+
+// Legacy HAL functions accept "C" style function pointers, so use global
+// functions to pass to the legacy HAL function and store the corresponding
+// std::function methods to be invoked.
+//
+// Callback to be invoked once |stop| is complete
+std::function<void(wifi_handle handle)> on_stop_complete_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncStopComplete(wifi_handle handle) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_stop_complete_internal_callback) {
+        on_stop_complete_internal_callback(handle);
+        // Invalidate this callback since we don't want this firing again.
+        on_stop_complete_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for driver dump.
+std::function<void(char*, int)> on_driver_memory_dump_internal_callback;
+void onSyncDriverMemoryDump(char* buffer, int buffer_size) {
+    if (on_driver_memory_dump_internal_callback) {
+        on_driver_memory_dump_internal_callback(buffer, buffer_size);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for firmware dump.
+std::function<void(char*, int)> on_firmware_memory_dump_internal_callback;
+void onSyncFirmwareMemoryDump(char* buffer, int buffer_size) {
+    if (on_firmware_memory_dump_internal_callback) {
+        on_firmware_memory_dump_internal_callback(buffer, buffer_size);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for Gscan events.
+std::function<void(wifi_request_id, wifi_scan_event)> on_gscan_event_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncGscanEvent(wifi_request_id id, wifi_scan_event event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_gscan_event_internal_callback) {
+        on_gscan_event_internal_callback(id, event);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for Gscan full results.
+std::function<void(wifi_request_id, wifi_scan_result*, uint32_t)>
+        on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncGscanFullResult(wifi_request_id id, wifi_scan_result* result,
+                            uint32_t buckets_scanned) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback) {
+        on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback(id, result, buckets_scanned);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for link layer stats results.
+std::function<void((wifi_request_id, wifi_iface_stat*, int, wifi_radio_stat*))>
+        on_link_layer_stats_result_internal_callback;
+void onSyncLinkLayerStatsResult(wifi_request_id id, wifi_iface_stat* iface_stat, int num_radios,
+                                wifi_radio_stat* radio_stat) {
+    if (on_link_layer_stats_result_internal_callback) {
+        on_link_layer_stats_result_internal_callback(id, iface_stat, num_radios, radio_stat);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for rssi threshold breach.
+std::function<void((wifi_request_id, uint8_t*, int8_t))>
+        on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncRssiThresholdBreached(wifi_request_id id, uint8_t* bssid, int8_t rssi) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback) {
+        on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback(id, bssid, rssi);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for ring buffer data indication.
+std::function<void(char*, char*, int, wifi_ring_buffer_status*)>
+        on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncRingBufferData(char* ring_name, char* buffer, int buffer_size,
+                           wifi_ring_buffer_status* status) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback) {
+        on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback(ring_name, buffer, buffer_size, status);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for error alert indication.
+std::function<void(wifi_request_id, char*, int, int)> on_error_alert_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncErrorAlert(wifi_request_id id, char* buffer, int buffer_size, int err_code) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_error_alert_internal_callback) {
+        on_error_alert_internal_callback(id, buffer, buffer_size, err_code);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for radio mode change indication.
+std::function<void(wifi_request_id, uint32_t, wifi_mac_info*)>
+        on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncRadioModeChange(wifi_request_id id, uint32_t num_macs, wifi_mac_info* mac_infos) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback) {
+        on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback(id, num_macs, mac_infos);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked to report subsystem restart
+std::function<void(const char*)> on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncSubsystemRestart(const char* error) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback) {
+        on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback(error);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to be invoked for rtt results results.
+std::function<void(wifi_request_id, unsigned num_results, wifi_rtt_result* rtt_results[])>
+        on_rtt_results_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncRttResults(wifi_request_id id, unsigned num_results, wifi_rtt_result* rtt_results[]) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_rtt_results_internal_callback) {
+        on_rtt_results_internal_callback(id, num_results, rtt_results);
+        on_rtt_results_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// Callbacks for the various NAN operations.
+// NOTE: These have very little conversions to perform before invoking the user
+// callbacks.
+// So, handle all of them here directly to avoid adding an unnecessary layer.
+std::function<void(transaction_id, const NanResponseMsg&)> on_nan_notify_response_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanNotifyResponse(transaction_id id, NanResponseMsg* msg) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_notify_response_user_callback && msg) {
+        on_nan_notify_response_user_callback(id, *msg);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanPublishRepliedInd&)> on_nan_event_publish_replied_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventPublishReplied(NanPublishRepliedInd* /* event */) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "onAsyncNanEventPublishReplied triggered";
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanPublishTerminatedInd&)> on_nan_event_publish_terminated_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventPublishTerminated(NanPublishTerminatedInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_publish_terminated_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_publish_terminated_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanMatchInd&)> on_nan_event_match_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventMatch(NanMatchInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_match_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_match_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanMatchExpiredInd&)> on_nan_event_match_expired_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventMatchExpired(NanMatchExpiredInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_match_expired_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_match_expired_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanSubscribeTerminatedInd&)>
+        on_nan_event_subscribe_terminated_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventSubscribeTerminated(NanSubscribeTerminatedInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_subscribe_terminated_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_subscribe_terminated_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanFollowupInd&)> on_nan_event_followup_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventFollowup(NanFollowupInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_followup_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_followup_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanDiscEngEventInd&)> on_nan_event_disc_eng_event_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventDiscEngEvent(NanDiscEngEventInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_disc_eng_event_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_disc_eng_event_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanDisabledInd&)> on_nan_event_disabled_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventDisabled(NanDisabledInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_disabled_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_disabled_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanTCAInd&)> on_nan_event_tca_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventTca(NanTCAInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_tca_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_tca_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanBeaconSdfPayloadInd&)> on_nan_event_beacon_sdf_payload_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventBeaconSdfPayload(NanBeaconSdfPayloadInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_beacon_sdf_payload_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_beacon_sdf_payload_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanDataPathRequestInd&)> on_nan_event_data_path_request_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventDataPathRequest(NanDataPathRequestInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_data_path_request_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_data_path_request_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+std::function<void(const NanDataPathConfirmInd&)> on_nan_event_data_path_confirm_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventDataPathConfirm(NanDataPathConfirmInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_data_path_confirm_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_data_path_confirm_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanDataPathEndInd&)> on_nan_event_data_path_end_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventDataPathEnd(NanDataPathEndInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_data_path_end_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_data_path_end_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanTransmitFollowupInd&)> on_nan_event_transmit_follow_up_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventTransmitFollowUp(NanTransmitFollowupInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_transmit_follow_up_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_transmit_follow_up_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanRangeRequestInd&)> on_nan_event_range_request_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventRangeRequest(NanRangeRequestInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_range_request_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_range_request_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanRangeReportInd&)> on_nan_event_range_report_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventRangeReport(NanRangeReportInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_range_report_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_range_report_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd&)> on_nan_event_schedule_update_user_callback;
+void onAsyncNanEventScheduleUpdate(NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_nan_event_schedule_update_user_callback && event) {
+        on_nan_event_schedule_update_user_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callbacks for the various TWT operations.
+std::function<void(const TwtSetupResponse&)> on_twt_event_setup_response_callback;
+void onAsyncTwtEventSetupResponse(TwtSetupResponse* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_twt_event_setup_response_callback && event) {
+        on_twt_event_setup_response_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const TwtTeardownCompletion&)> on_twt_event_teardown_completion_callback;
+void onAsyncTwtEventTeardownCompletion(TwtTeardownCompletion* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_twt_event_teardown_completion_callback && event) {
+        on_twt_event_teardown_completion_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const TwtInfoFrameReceived&)> on_twt_event_info_frame_received_callback;
+void onAsyncTwtEventInfoFrameReceived(TwtInfoFrameReceived* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_twt_event_info_frame_received_callback && event) {
+        on_twt_event_info_frame_received_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+std::function<void(const TwtDeviceNotify&)> on_twt_event_device_notify_callback;
+void onAsyncTwtEventDeviceNotify(TwtDeviceNotify* event) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_twt_event_device_notify_callback && event) {
+        on_twt_event_device_notify_callback(*event);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to report current CHRE NAN state
+std::function<void(chre_nan_rtt_state)> on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback;
+void onAsyncChreNanRttState(chre_nan_rtt_state state) {
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback) {
+        on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback(state);
+    }
+}
+
+// Callback to report cached scan results
+std::function<void(wifi_cached_scan_report*)> on_cached_scan_results_internal_callback;
+void onSyncCachedScanResults(wifi_cached_scan_report* cache_report) {
+    if (on_cached_scan_results_internal_callback) {
+        on_cached_scan_results_internal_callback(cache_report);
+    }
+}
+
+// End of the free-standing "C" style callbacks.
+
+WifiLegacyHal::WifiLegacyHal(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+                             const wifi_hal_fn& fn, bool is_primary)
+    : global_func_table_(fn),
+      global_handle_(nullptr),
+      awaiting_event_loop_termination_(false),
+      is_started_(false),
+      iface_tool_(iface_tool),
+      is_primary_(is_primary) {}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::initialize() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Initialize legacy HAL";
+    // this now does nothing, since HAL function table is provided
+    // to the constructor
+    return WIFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::start() {
+    // Ensure that we're starting in a good state.
+    CHECK(global_func_table_.wifi_initialize && !global_handle_ && iface_name_to_handle_.empty() &&
+          !awaiting_event_loop_termination_);
+    if (is_started_) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Legacy HAL already started";
+        return WIFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Waiting for the driver ready";
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_wait_for_driver_ready();
+    if (status == WIFI_ERROR_TIMED_OUT || status == WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed or timed out awaiting driver ready";
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    if (is_primary_) {
+        property_set(kDriverPropName, "ok");
+
+        if (!iface_tool_.lock()->SetWifiUpState(true)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set WiFi interface up";
+            return WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Starting legacy HAL";
+    status = global_func_table_.wifi_initialize(&global_handle_);
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS || !global_handle_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to retrieve global handle";
+        return status;
+    }
+    std::thread(&WifiLegacyHal::runEventLoop, this).detach();
+    status = retrieveIfaceHandles();
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS || iface_name_to_handle_.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to retrieve wlan interface handle";
+        return status;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Legacy HAL start complete";
+    is_started_ = true;
+    return WIFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::stop(
+        /* NONNULL */ std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock,
+        const std::function<void()>& on_stop_complete_user_callback) {
+    if (!is_started_) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Legacy HAL already stopped";
+        on_stop_complete_user_callback();
+        return WIFI_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Stopping legacy HAL";
+    on_stop_complete_internal_callback = [on_stop_complete_user_callback,
+                                          this](wifi_handle handle) {
+        CHECK_EQ(global_handle_, handle) << "Handle mismatch";
+        LOG(INFO) << "Legacy HAL stop complete callback received";
+        // Invalidate all the internal pointers now that the HAL is
+        // stopped.
+        invalidate();
+        if (is_primary_) iface_tool_.lock()->SetWifiUpState(false);
+        on_stop_complete_user_callback();
+        is_started_ = false;
+    };
+    awaiting_event_loop_termination_ = true;
+    global_func_table_.wifi_cleanup(global_handle_, onAsyncStopComplete);
+    const auto status =
+            stop_wait_cv_.wait_for(*lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(kMaxStopCompleteWaitMs),
+                                   [this] { return !awaiting_event_loop_termination_; });
+    if (!status) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Legacy HAL stop failed or timed out";
+        return WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Legacy HAL stop complete";
+    return WIFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+bool WifiLegacyHal::isStarted() {
+    return is_started_;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::waitForDriverReady() {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_wait_for_driver_ready();
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> WifiLegacyHal::getDriverVersion(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::array<char, kMaxVersionStringLength> buffer;
+    buffer.fill(0);
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_driver_version(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                   buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    return {status, buffer.data()};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> WifiLegacyHal::getFirmwareVersion(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::array<char, kMaxVersionStringLength> buffer;
+    buffer.fill(0);
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_firmware_version(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                     buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    return {status, buffer.data()};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> WifiLegacyHal::requestDriverMemoryDump(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> driver_dump;
+    on_driver_memory_dump_internal_callback = [&driver_dump](char* buffer, int buffer_size) {
+        driver_dump.insert(driver_dump.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer),
+                           reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer) + buffer_size);
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_driver_memory_dump(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                       {onSyncDriverMemoryDump});
+    on_driver_memory_dump_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    return {status, std::move(driver_dump)};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> WifiLegacyHal::requestFirmwareMemoryDump(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> firmware_dump;
+    on_firmware_memory_dump_internal_callback = [&firmware_dump](char* buffer, int buffer_size) {
+        firmware_dump.insert(firmware_dump.end(), reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer),
+                             reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer) + buffer_size);
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_firmware_memory_dump(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), {onSyncFirmwareMemoryDump});
+    on_firmware_memory_dump_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    return {status, std::move(firmware_dump)};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, uint64_t> WifiLegacyHal::getSupportedFeatureSet(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    feature_set set = 0, chip_set = 0;
+    wifi_error status = WIFI_SUCCESS;
+
+    static_assert(sizeof(set) == sizeof(uint64_t),
+                  "Some feature_flags can not be represented in output");
+    wifi_interface_handle iface_handle = getIfaceHandle(iface_name);
+
+    global_func_table_.wifi_get_chip_feature_set(
+            global_handle_, &chip_set); /* ignore error, chip_set will stay 0 */
+
+    if (iface_handle) {
+        status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_supported_feature_set(iface_handle, &set);
+    }
+    return {status, static_cast<uint64_t>(set | chip_set)};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, PacketFilterCapabilities> WifiLegacyHal::getPacketFilterCapabilities(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    PacketFilterCapabilities caps;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_packet_filter_capabilities(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &caps.version, &caps.max_len);
+    return {status, caps};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setPacketFilter(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                          const std::vector<uint8_t>& program) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_packet_filter(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), program.data(),
+                                                     program.size());
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> WifiLegacyHal::readApfPacketFilterData(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    PacketFilterCapabilities caps;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_packet_filter_capabilities(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &caps.version, &caps.max_len);
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {status, {}};
+    }
+
+    // Size the buffer to read the entire program & work memory.
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(caps.max_len);
+
+    status = global_func_table_.wifi_read_packet_filter(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), /*src_offset=*/0, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    return {status, std::move(buffer)};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_gscan_capabilities> WifiLegacyHal::getGscanCapabilities(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    wifi_gscan_capabilities caps;
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_get_gscan_capabilities(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &caps);
+    return {status, caps};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startGscan(
+        const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id, const wifi_scan_cmd_params& params,
+        const std::function<void(wifi_request_id)>& on_failure_user_callback,
+        const on_gscan_results_callback& on_results_user_callback,
+        const on_gscan_full_result_callback& on_full_result_user_callback) {
+    // If there is already an ongoing background scan, reject new scan requests.
+    if (on_gscan_event_internal_callback || on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    // This callback will be used to either trigger |on_results_user_callback|
+    // or |on_failure_user_callback|.
+    on_gscan_event_internal_callback = [iface_name, on_failure_user_callback,
+                                        on_results_user_callback,
+                                        this](wifi_request_id id, wifi_scan_event event) {
+        switch (event) {
+            case WIFI_SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE:
+            case WIFI_SCAN_THRESHOLD_NUM_SCANS:
+            case WIFI_SCAN_THRESHOLD_PERCENT: {
+                wifi_error status;
+                std::vector<wifi_cached_scan_results> cached_scan_results;
+                std::tie(status, cached_scan_results) = getGscanCachedResults(iface_name);
+                if (status == WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+                    on_results_user_callback(id, cached_scan_results);
+                    return;
+                }
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+            }
+            // Fall through if failed. Failure to retrieve cached scan
+            // results should trigger a background scan failure.
+            case WIFI_SCAN_FAILED:
+                on_failure_user_callback(id);
+                on_gscan_event_internal_callback = nullptr;
+                on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback = nullptr;
+                return;
+        }
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Unexpected gscan event received: " << event;
+    };
+
+    on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback = [on_full_result_user_callback](
+                                                     wifi_request_id id, wifi_scan_result* result,
+                                                     uint32_t buckets_scanned) {
+        if (result) {
+            on_full_result_user_callback(id, result, buckets_scanned);
+        }
+    };
+
+    wifi_scan_result_handler handler = {onAsyncGscanFullResult, onAsyncGscanEvent};
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_start_gscan(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), params, handler);
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_gscan_event_internal_callback = nullptr;
+        on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::stopGscan(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id) {
+    // If there is no an ongoing background scan, reject stop requests.
+    // TODO(b/32337212): This needs to be handled by the HIDL object because we
+    // need to return the NOT_STARTED error code.
+    if (!on_gscan_event_internal_callback && !on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_stop_gscan(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+    // If the request Id is wrong, don't stop the ongoing background scan. Any
+    // other error should be treated as the end of background scan.
+    if (status != WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_REQUEST_ID) {
+        on_gscan_event_internal_callback = nullptr;
+        on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint32_t>> WifiLegacyHal::getValidFrequenciesForBand(
+        const std::string& iface_name, wifi_band band) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(uint32_t) >= sizeof(wifi_channel),
+                  "Wifi Channel cannot be represented in output");
+    std::vector<uint32_t> freqs;
+    freqs.resize(kMaxGscanFrequenciesForBand);
+    int32_t num_freqs = 0;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_valid_channels(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), band, freqs.size(),
+            reinterpret_cast<wifi_channel*>(freqs.data()), &num_freqs);
+    CHECK(num_freqs >= 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(num_freqs) <= kMaxGscanFrequenciesForBand);
+    freqs.resize(num_freqs);
+    return {status, std::move(freqs)};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setDfsFlag(const std::string& iface_name, bool dfs_on) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_nodfs_flag(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), dfs_on ? 0 : 1);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::enableLinkLayerStats(const std::string& iface_name, bool debug) {
+    wifi_link_layer_params params;
+    params.mpdu_size_threshold = kLinkLayerStatsDataMpduSizeThreshold;
+    params.aggressive_statistics_gathering = debug;
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_link_stats(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), params);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::disableLinkLayerStats(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    // TODO: Do we care about these responses?
+    uint32_t clear_mask_rsp;
+    uint8_t stop_rsp;
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_clear_link_stats(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), 0xFFFFFFFF,
+                                                    &clear_mask_rsp, 1, &stop_rsp);
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, LinkLayerStats> WifiLegacyHal::getLinkLayerStats(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    LinkLayerStats link_stats{};
+    LinkLayerStats* link_stats_ptr = &link_stats;
+
+    on_link_layer_stats_result_internal_callback = [&link_stats_ptr](
+                                                           wifi_request_id /* id */,
+                                                           wifi_iface_stat* iface_stats_ptr,
+                                                           int num_radios,
+                                                           wifi_radio_stat* radio_stats_ptr) {
+        wifi_radio_stat* l_radio_stats_ptr;
+        wifi_peer_info* l_peer_info_stats_ptr;
+
+        if (iface_stats_ptr != nullptr) {
+            link_stats_ptr->iface = *iface_stats_ptr;
+            l_peer_info_stats_ptr = iface_stats_ptr->peer_info;
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < iface_stats_ptr->num_peers; i++) {
+                WifiPeerInfo peer;
+                peer.peer_info = *l_peer_info_stats_ptr;
+                if (l_peer_info_stats_ptr->num_rate > 0) {
+                    /* Copy the rate stats */
+                    peer.rate_stats.assign(
+                            l_peer_info_stats_ptr->rate_stats,
+                            l_peer_info_stats_ptr->rate_stats + l_peer_info_stats_ptr->num_rate);
+                }
+                peer.peer_info.num_rate = 0;
+                link_stats_ptr->peers.push_back(peer);
+                l_peer_info_stats_ptr =
+                        (wifi_peer_info*)((u8*)l_peer_info_stats_ptr + sizeof(wifi_peer_info) +
+                                          (sizeof(wifi_rate_stat) *
+                                           l_peer_info_stats_ptr->num_rate));
+            }
+            link_stats_ptr->iface.num_peers = 0;
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid iface stats in link layer stats";
+        }
+        if (num_radios <= 0 || radio_stats_ptr == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid radio stats in link layer stats";
+            return;
+        }
+        l_radio_stats_ptr = radio_stats_ptr;
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_radios; i++) {
+            LinkLayerRadioStats radio;
+
+            radio.stats = *l_radio_stats_ptr;
+            // Copy over the tx level array to the separate vector.
+            if (l_radio_stats_ptr->num_tx_levels > 0 &&
+                l_radio_stats_ptr->tx_time_per_levels != nullptr) {
+                radio.tx_time_per_levels.assign(
+                        l_radio_stats_ptr->tx_time_per_levels,
+                        l_radio_stats_ptr->tx_time_per_levels + l_radio_stats_ptr->num_tx_levels);
+            }
+            radio.stats.num_tx_levels = 0;
+            radio.stats.tx_time_per_levels = nullptr;
+            /* Copy over the channel stat to separate vector */
+            if (l_radio_stats_ptr->num_channels > 0) {
+                /* Copy the channel stats */
+                radio.channel_stats.assign(
+                        l_radio_stats_ptr->channels,
+                        l_radio_stats_ptr->channels + l_radio_stats_ptr->num_channels);
+            }
+            link_stats_ptr->radios.push_back(radio);
+            l_radio_stats_ptr =
+                    (wifi_radio_stat*)((u8*)l_radio_stats_ptr + sizeof(wifi_radio_stat) +
+                                       (sizeof(wifi_channel_stat) *
+                                        l_radio_stats_ptr->num_channels));
+        }
+    };
+
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_link_stats(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                               {onSyncLinkLayerStatsResult});
+    on_link_layer_stats_result_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    return {status, link_stats};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startRssiMonitoring(
+        const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id, int8_t max_rssi, int8_t min_rssi,
+        const on_rssi_threshold_breached_callback& on_threshold_breached_user_callback) {
+    if (on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback = [on_threshold_breached_user_callback](
+                                                           wifi_request_id id, uint8_t* bssid_ptr,
+                                                           int8_t rssi) {
+        if (!bssid_ptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN> bssid_arr;
+        // |bssid_ptr| pointer is assumed to have 6 bytes for the mac
+        // address.
+        std::copy(bssid_ptr, bssid_ptr + 6, std::begin(bssid_arr));
+        on_threshold_breached_user_callback(id, bssid_arr, rssi);
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_start_rssi_monitoring(
+            id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), max_rssi, min_rssi, {onAsyncRssiThresholdBreached});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::stopRssiMonitoring(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id) {
+    if (!on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_stop_rssi_monitoring(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+    // If the request Id is wrong, don't stop the ongoing rssi monitoring. Any
+    // other error should be treated as the end of background scan.
+    if (status != WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_REQUEST_ID) {
+        on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_roaming_capabilities> WifiLegacyHal::getRoamingCapabilities(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    wifi_roaming_capabilities caps;
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_get_roaming_capabilities(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &caps);
+    return {status, caps};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::configureRoaming(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                           const wifi_roaming_config& config) {
+    wifi_roaming_config config_internal = config;
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_configure_roaming(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &config_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::enableFirmwareRoaming(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                fw_roaming_state_t state) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_enable_firmware_roaming(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), state);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::configureNdOffload(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_configure_nd_offload(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), enable);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startSendingOffloadedPacket(const std::string& iface_name, int32_t cmd_id,
+                                                      uint16_t ether_type,
+                                                      const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data,
+                                                      const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address,
+                                                      const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address,
+                                                      int32_t period_in_ms) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> ip_packet_data_internal(ip_packet_data);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> src_address_internal(src_address.data(),
+                                              src_address.data() + src_address.size());
+    std::vector<uint8_t> dst_address_internal(dst_address.data(),
+                                              dst_address.data() + dst_address.size());
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_start_sending_offloaded_packet(
+            cmd_id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), ether_type, ip_packet_data_internal.data(),
+            ip_packet_data_internal.size(), src_address_internal.data(),
+            dst_address_internal.data(), period_in_ms);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::stopSendingOffloadedPacket(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                     uint32_t cmd_id) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_stop_sending_offloaded_packet(cmd_id,
+                                                                 getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::selectTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                wifi_power_scenario scenario) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_select_tx_power_scenario(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), scenario);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::resetTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_reset_tx_power_scenario(getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setLatencyMode(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_latency_mode mode) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_latency_mode(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), mode);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setThermalMitigationMode(wifi_thermal_mode mode,
+                                                   uint32_t completion_window) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_thermal_mitigation_mode(global_handle_, mode,
+                                                               completion_window);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setDscpToAccessCategoryMapping(uint32_t start, uint32_t end,
+                                                         uint32_t access_category) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_map_dscp_access_category(global_handle_, start, end,
+                                                            access_category);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::resetDscpToAccessCategoryMapping() {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_reset_dscp_mapping(global_handle_);
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, uint32_t> WifiLegacyHal::getLoggerSupportedFeatureSet(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    uint32_t supported_feature_flags = 0;
+    wifi_error status = WIFI_SUCCESS;
+
+    wifi_interface_handle iface_handle = getIfaceHandle(iface_name);
+
+    if (iface_handle) {
+        status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_logger_supported_feature_set(iface_handle,
+                                                                          &supported_feature_flags);
+    }
+    return {status, supported_feature_flags};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startPktFateMonitoring(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_start_pkt_fate_monitoring(getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_tx_report>> WifiLegacyHal::getTxPktFates(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::vector<wifi_tx_report> tx_pkt_fates;
+    tx_pkt_fates.resize(MAX_FATE_LOG_LEN);
+    size_t num_fates = 0;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_tx_pkt_fates(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), tx_pkt_fates.data(), tx_pkt_fates.size(), &num_fates);
+    CHECK(num_fates <= MAX_FATE_LOG_LEN);
+    tx_pkt_fates.resize(num_fates);
+    return {status, std::move(tx_pkt_fates)};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_rx_report>> WifiLegacyHal::getRxPktFates(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::vector<wifi_rx_report> rx_pkt_fates;
+    rx_pkt_fates.resize(MAX_FATE_LOG_LEN);
+    size_t num_fates = 0;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_rx_pkt_fates(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), rx_pkt_fates.data(), rx_pkt_fates.size(), &num_fates);
+    CHECK(num_fates <= MAX_FATE_LOG_LEN);
+    rx_pkt_fates.resize(num_fates);
+    return {status, std::move(rx_pkt_fates)};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, WakeReasonStats> WifiLegacyHal::getWakeReasonStats(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    WakeReasonStats stats;
+    stats.cmd_event_wake_cnt.resize(kMaxWakeReasonStatsArraySize);
+    stats.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt.resize(kMaxWakeReasonStatsArraySize);
+
+    // This legacy struct needs separate memory to store the variable sized wake
+    // reason types.
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt =
+            reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(stats.cmd_event_wake_cnt.data());
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt_sz = stats.cmd_event_wake_cnt.size();
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt_used = 0;
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt =
+            reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(stats.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt.data());
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt_sz = stats.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt.size();
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt_used = 0;
+
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_wake_reason_stats(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                      &stats.wake_reason_cnt);
+
+    CHECK(stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt_used >= 0 &&
+          static_cast<uint32_t>(stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt_used) <=
+                  kMaxWakeReasonStatsArraySize);
+    stats.cmd_event_wake_cnt.resize(stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt_used);
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.cmd_event_wake_cnt = nullptr;
+
+    CHECK(stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt_used >= 0 &&
+          static_cast<uint32_t>(stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt_used) <=
+                  kMaxWakeReasonStatsArraySize);
+    stats.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt.resize(stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt_used);
+    stats.wake_reason_cnt.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt = nullptr;
+
+    return {status, stats};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::registerRingBufferCallbackHandler(
+        const std::string& iface_name, const on_ring_buffer_data_callback& on_user_data_callback) {
+    if (on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback = [on_user_data_callback](
+                                                    char* ring_name, char* buffer, int buffer_size,
+                                                    wifi_ring_buffer_status* status) {
+        if (status && buffer) {
+            std::vector<uint8_t> buffer_vector(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer),
+                                               reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer) + buffer_size);
+            on_user_data_callback(ring_name, buffer_vector, *status);
+        }
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_set_log_handler(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                {onAsyncRingBufferData});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::deregisterRingBufferCallbackHandler(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    if (!on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_reset_log_handler(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_ring_buffer_status>> WifiLegacyHal::getRingBuffersStatus(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::vector<wifi_ring_buffer_status> ring_buffers_status;
+    ring_buffers_status.resize(kMaxRingBuffers);
+    uint32_t num_rings = kMaxRingBuffers;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_ring_buffers_status(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &num_rings, ring_buffers_status.data());
+    CHECK(num_rings <= kMaxRingBuffers);
+    ring_buffers_status.resize(num_rings);
+    return {status, std::move(ring_buffers_status)};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startRingBufferLogging(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                 const std::string& ring_name,
+                                                 uint32_t verbose_level, uint32_t max_interval_sec,
+                                                 uint32_t min_data_size) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_start_logging(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), verbose_level, 0,
+                                                 max_interval_sec, min_data_size,
+                                                 makeCharVec(ring_name).data());
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::getRingBufferData(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                            const std::string& ring_name) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_get_ring_data(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                 makeCharVec(ring_name).data());
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::registerErrorAlertCallbackHandler(
+        const std::string& iface_name, const on_error_alert_callback& on_user_alert_callback) {
+    if (on_error_alert_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_error_alert_internal_callback = [on_user_alert_callback](wifi_request_id id, char* buffer,
+                                                                int buffer_size, int err_code) {
+        if (buffer) {
+            CHECK(id == 0);
+            on_user_alert_callback(
+                    err_code,
+                    std::vector<uint8_t>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer),
+                                         reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer) + buffer_size));
+        }
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_set_alert_handler(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                  {onAsyncErrorAlert});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_error_alert_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::deregisterErrorAlertCallbackHandler(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    if (!on_error_alert_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_error_alert_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_reset_alert_handler(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::registerRadioModeChangeCallbackHandler(
+        const std::string& iface_name,
+        const on_radio_mode_change_callback& on_user_change_callback) {
+    if (on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback = [on_user_change_callback](
+                                                     wifi_request_id /* id */, uint32_t num_macs,
+                                                     wifi_mac_info* mac_infos_arr) {
+        if (num_macs > 0 && mac_infos_arr) {
+            std::vector<WifiMacInfo> mac_infos_vec;
+            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_macs; i++) {
+                WifiMacInfo mac_info;
+                mac_info.wlan_mac_id = mac_infos_arr[i].wlan_mac_id;
+                mac_info.mac_band = mac_infos_arr[i].mac_band;
+                for (int32_t j = 0; j < mac_infos_arr[i].num_iface; j++) {
+                    WifiIfaceInfo iface_info;
+                    iface_info.name = mac_infos_arr[i].iface_info[j].iface_name;
+                    iface_info.channel = mac_infos_arr[i].iface_info[j].channel;
+                    mac_info.iface_infos.push_back(iface_info);
+                }
+                mac_infos_vec.push_back(mac_info);
+            }
+            on_user_change_callback(mac_infos_vec);
+        }
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_set_radio_mode_change_handler(
+            0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), {onAsyncRadioModeChange});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::registerSubsystemRestartCallbackHandler(
+        const on_subsystem_restart_callback& on_restart_callback) {
+    if (on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback = [on_restart_callback](const char* error) {
+        on_restart_callback(error);
+    };
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_set_subsystem_restart_handler(
+            global_handle_, {onAsyncSubsystemRestart});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startRttRangeRequest(
+        const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+        const std::vector<wifi_rtt_config>& rtt_configs,
+        const on_rtt_results_callback& on_results_user_callback) {
+    if (on_rtt_results_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    on_rtt_results_internal_callback = [on_results_user_callback](wifi_request_id id,
+                                                                  unsigned num_results,
+                                                                  wifi_rtt_result* rtt_results[]) {
+        if (num_results > 0 && !rtt_results) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unexpected nullptr in RTT results";
+            return;
+        }
+        std::vector<const wifi_rtt_result*> rtt_results_vec;
+        std::copy_if(rtt_results, rtt_results + num_results, back_inserter(rtt_results_vec),
+                     [](wifi_rtt_result* rtt_result) { return rtt_result != nullptr; });
+        on_results_user_callback(id, rtt_results_vec);
+    };
+
+    std::vector<wifi_rtt_config> rtt_configs_internal(rtt_configs);
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_rtt_range_request(
+            id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), rtt_configs.size(), rtt_configs_internal.data(),
+            {onAsyncRttResults});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_rtt_results_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::cancelRttRangeRequest(
+        const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+        const std::vector<std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>>& mac_addrs) {
+    if (!on_rtt_results_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+    static_assert(sizeof(mac_addr) == sizeof(std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>),
+                  "MAC address size mismatch");
+    // TODO: How do we handle partial cancels (i.e only a subset of enabled mac
+    // addressed are cancelled).
+    std::vector<std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>> mac_addrs_internal(mac_addrs);
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_rtt_range_cancel(
+            id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), mac_addrs.size(),
+            reinterpret_cast<mac_addr*>(mac_addrs_internal.data()));
+    // If the request Id is wrong, don't stop the ongoing range request. Any
+    // other error should be treated as the end of rtt ranging.
+    if (status != WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_REQUEST_ID) {
+        on_rtt_results_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_rtt_capabilities> WifiLegacyHal::getRttCapabilities(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    wifi_rtt_capabilities rtt_caps;
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_get_rtt_capabilities(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &rtt_caps);
+    return {status, rtt_caps};
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_rtt_responder> WifiLegacyHal::getRttResponderInfo(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    wifi_rtt_responder rtt_responder;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_rtt_get_responder_info(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                       &rtt_responder);
+    return {status, rtt_responder};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::enableRttResponder(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                                             const wifi_channel_info& channel_hint,
+                                             uint32_t max_duration_secs,
+                                             const wifi_rtt_responder& info) {
+    wifi_rtt_responder info_internal(info);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_enable_responder(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), channel_hint,
+                                                    max_duration_secs, &info_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::disableRttResponder(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_disable_responder(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setRttLci(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                                    const wifi_lci_information& info) {
+    wifi_lci_information info_internal(info);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_lci(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &info_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setRttLcr(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                                    const wifi_lcr_information& info) {
+    wifi_lcr_information info_internal(info);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_lcr(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &info_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanRegisterCallbackHandlers(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                      const NanCallbackHandlers& user_callbacks) {
+    on_nan_notify_response_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_notify_response;
+    on_nan_event_publish_terminated_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_publish_terminated;
+    on_nan_event_match_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_match;
+    on_nan_event_match_expired_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_match_expired;
+    on_nan_event_subscribe_terminated_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_subscribe_terminated;
+    on_nan_event_followup_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_followup;
+    on_nan_event_disc_eng_event_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_disc_eng_event;
+    on_nan_event_disabled_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_disabled;
+    on_nan_event_tca_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_tca;
+    on_nan_event_beacon_sdf_payload_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_beacon_sdf_payload;
+    on_nan_event_data_path_request_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_data_path_request;
+    on_nan_event_data_path_confirm_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_data_path_confirm;
+    on_nan_event_data_path_end_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_data_path_end;
+    on_nan_event_transmit_follow_up_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_transmit_follow_up;
+    on_nan_event_range_request_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_range_request;
+    on_nan_event_range_report_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_range_report;
+    on_nan_event_schedule_update_user_callback = user_callbacks.on_event_schedule_update;
+
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_register_handler(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+            {onAsyncNanNotifyResponse, onAsyncNanEventPublishReplied,
+             onAsyncNanEventPublishTerminated, onAsyncNanEventMatch, onAsyncNanEventMatchExpired,
+             onAsyncNanEventSubscribeTerminated, onAsyncNanEventFollowup,
+             onAsyncNanEventDiscEngEvent, onAsyncNanEventDisabled, onAsyncNanEventTca,
+             onAsyncNanEventBeaconSdfPayload, onAsyncNanEventDataPathRequest,
+             onAsyncNanEventDataPathConfirm, onAsyncNanEventDataPathEnd,
+             onAsyncNanEventTransmitFollowUp, onAsyncNanEventRangeRequest,
+             onAsyncNanEventRangeReport, onAsyncNanEventScheduleUpdate});
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanEnableRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                           const NanEnableRequest& msg) {
+    NanEnableRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_enable_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                      &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanDisableRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_disable_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanPublishRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                            const NanPublishRequest& msg) {
+    NanPublishRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_publish_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                       &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanPublishCancelRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                                  const NanPublishCancelRequest& msg) {
+    NanPublishCancelRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_publish_cancel_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                              &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanSubscribeRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                              const NanSubscribeRequest& msg) {
+    NanSubscribeRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_subscribe_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                         &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanSubscribeCancelRequest(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                    transaction_id id,
+                                                    const NanSubscribeCancelRequest& msg) {
+    NanSubscribeCancelRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_subscribe_cancel_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanTransmitFollowupRequest(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                     transaction_id id,
+                                                     const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& msg) {
+    NanTransmitFollowupRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_transmit_followup_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                 &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanStatsRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                          const NanStatsRequest& msg) {
+    NanStatsRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_stats_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanConfigRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                           const NanConfigRequest& msg) {
+    NanConfigRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_config_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                      &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanTcaRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                        const NanTCARequest& msg) {
+    NanTCARequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_tca_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanBeaconSdfPayloadRequest(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                     transaction_id id,
+                                                     const NanBeaconSdfPayloadRequest& msg) {
+    NanBeaconSdfPayloadRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_beacon_sdf_payload_request(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                  &msg_internal);
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, NanVersion> WifiLegacyHal::nanGetVersion() {
+    NanVersion version;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_nan_get_version(global_handle_, &version);
+    return {status, version};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanGetCapabilities(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_get_capabilities(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanDataInterfaceCreate(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                                 const std::string& data_iface_name) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_data_interface_create(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                             makeCharVec(data_iface_name).data());
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanDataInterfaceDelete(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                                 const std::string& data_iface_name) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_data_interface_delete(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                             makeCharVec(data_iface_name).data());
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanDataRequestInitiator(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                                  const NanDataPathInitiatorRequest& msg) {
+    NanDataPathInitiatorRequest msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_data_request_initiator(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                              &msg_internal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanDataIndicationResponse(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                    transaction_id id,
+                                                    const NanDataPathIndicationResponse& msg) {
+    NanDataPathIndicationResponse msg_internal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_data_indication_response(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                &msg_internal);
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+    u8 num_ndp_instances;
+    NanDataPathId ndp_instance_id;
+} NanDataPathEndSingleNdpIdRequest;
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::nanDataEnd(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                     uint32_t ndpInstanceId) {
+    NanDataPathEndSingleNdpIdRequest msg;
+    msg.num_ndp_instances = 1;
+    msg.ndp_instance_id = ndpInstanceId;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_nan_data_end(id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                             (NanDataPathEndRequest*)&msg);
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setCountryCode(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                         const std::array<uint8_t, 2> code) {
+    std::string code_str(code.data(), code.data() + code.size());
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_country_code(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), code_str.c_str());
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::retrieveIfaceHandles() {
+    wifi_interface_handle* iface_handles = nullptr;
+    int num_iface_handles = 0;
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_get_ifaces(global_handle_, &num_iface_handles, &iface_handles);
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to enumerate interface handles";
+        return status;
+    }
+    iface_name_to_handle_.clear();
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_iface_handles; ++i) {
+        std::array<char, IFNAMSIZ> iface_name_arr = {};
+        status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_iface_name(iface_handles[i], iface_name_arr.data(),
+                                                        iface_name_arr.size());
+        if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to get interface handle name";
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Assuming the interface name is null terminated since the legacy HAL
+        // API does not return a size.
+        std::string iface_name(iface_name_arr.data());
+        LOG(INFO) << "Adding interface handle for " << iface_name;
+        iface_name_to_handle_[iface_name] = iface_handles[i];
+    }
+    return WIFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+wifi_interface_handle WifiLegacyHal::getIfaceHandle(const std::string& iface_name) {
+    const auto iface_handle_iter = iface_name_to_handle_.find(iface_name);
+    if (iface_handle_iter == iface_name_to_handle_.end()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown iface name: " << iface_name;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return iface_handle_iter->second;
+}
+
+void WifiLegacyHal::runEventLoop() {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Starting legacy HAL event loop";
+    global_func_table_.wifi_event_loop(global_handle_);
+    const auto lock = aidl_sync_util::acquireGlobalLock();
+    if (!awaiting_event_loop_termination_) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Legacy HAL event loop terminated, but HAL was not stopping";
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Legacy HAL event loop terminated";
+    awaiting_event_loop_termination_ = false;
+    stop_wait_cv_.notify_one();
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_cached_scan_results>> WifiLegacyHal::getGscanCachedResults(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    std::vector<wifi_cached_scan_results> cached_scan_results;
+    cached_scan_results.resize(kMaxCachedGscanResults);
+    int32_t num_results = 0;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_cached_gscan_results(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name), true /* always flush */, cached_scan_results.size(),
+            cached_scan_results.data(), &num_results);
+    CHECK(num_results >= 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(num_results) <= kMaxCachedGscanResults);
+    cached_scan_results.resize(num_results);
+    // Check for invalid IE lengths in these cached scan results and correct it.
+    for (auto& cached_scan_result : cached_scan_results) {
+        int num_scan_results = cached_scan_result.num_results;
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_scan_results; i++) {
+            auto& scan_result = cached_scan_result.results[i];
+            if (scan_result.ie_length > 0) {
+                LOG(DEBUG) << "Cached scan result has non-zero IE length " << scan_result.ie_length;
+                scan_result.ie_length = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return {status, std::move(cached_scan_results)};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::createVirtualInterface(const std::string& ifname,
+                                                 wifi_interface_type iftype) {
+    // Create the interface if it doesn't exist. If interface already exist,
+    // Vendor Hal should return WIFI_SUCCESS.
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_virtual_interface_create(global_handle_,
+                                                                         ifname.c_str(), iftype);
+    return handleVirtualInterfaceCreateOrDeleteStatus(ifname, status);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::deleteVirtualInterface(const std::string& ifname) {
+    // Delete the interface if it was created dynamically.
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_virtual_interface_delete(global_handle_, ifname.c_str());
+    return handleVirtualInterfaceCreateOrDeleteStatus(ifname, status);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::handleVirtualInterfaceCreateOrDeleteStatus(const std::string& ifname,
+                                                                     wifi_error status) {
+    if (status == WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        // refresh list of handlers now.
+        status = retrieveIfaceHandles();
+    } else if (status == WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        // Vendor hal does not implement this API. Such vendor implementations
+        // are expected to create / delete interface by other means.
+
+        // check if interface exists.
+        if (if_nametoindex(ifname.c_str())) {
+            status = retrieveIfaceHandles();
+        }
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::getSupportedIfaceName(uint32_t iface_type, std::string& ifname) {
+    std::array<char, IFNAMSIZ> buffer;
+
+    wifi_error res = global_func_table_.wifi_get_supported_iface_name(
+            global_handle_, (uint32_t)iface_type, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    if (res == WIFI_SUCCESS) ifname = buffer.data();
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::multiStaSetPrimaryConnection(const std::string& ifname) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_multi_sta_set_primary_connection(global_handle_,
+                                                                    getIfaceHandle(ifname));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::multiStaSetUseCase(wifi_multi_sta_use_case use_case) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_multi_sta_set_use_case(global_handle_, use_case);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setCoexUnsafeChannels(
+        std::vector<wifi_coex_unsafe_channel> unsafe_channels, uint32_t restrictions) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_coex_unsafe_channels(global_handle_, unsafe_channels.size(),
+                                                            unsafe_channels.data(), restrictions);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setVoipMode(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_voip_mode mode) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_voip_mode(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), mode);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::twtRegisterHandler(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                             const TwtCallbackHandlers& user_callbacks) {
+    on_twt_event_setup_response_callback = user_callbacks.on_setup_response;
+    on_twt_event_teardown_completion_callback = user_callbacks.on_teardown_completion;
+    on_twt_event_info_frame_received_callback = user_callbacks.on_info_frame_received;
+    on_twt_event_device_notify_callback = user_callbacks.on_device_notify;
+
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_twt_register_handler(
+            getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+            {onAsyncTwtEventSetupResponse, onAsyncTwtEventTeardownCompletion,
+             onAsyncTwtEventInfoFrameReceived, onAsyncTwtEventDeviceNotify});
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, TwtCapabilitySet> WifiLegacyHal::twtGetCapability(
+        const std::string& iface_name) {
+    TwtCapabilitySet capSet;
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_twt_get_capability(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &capSet);
+    return {status, capSet};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::twtSetupRequest(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                          const TwtSetupRequest& msg) {
+    TwtSetupRequest msgInternal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_twt_setup_request(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &msgInternal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::twtTearDownRequest(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                             const TwtTeardownRequest& msg) {
+    TwtTeardownRequest msgInternal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_twt_teardown_request(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &msgInternal);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::twtInfoFrameRequest(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                              const TwtInfoFrameRequest& msg) {
+    TwtInfoFrameRequest msgInternal(msg);
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_twt_info_frame_request(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), &msgInternal);
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, TwtStats> WifiLegacyHal::twtGetStats(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                           uint8_t configId) {
+    TwtStats stats;
+    wifi_error status =
+            global_func_table_.wifi_twt_get_stats(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), configId, &stats);
+    return {status, stats};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::twtClearStats(const std::string& iface_name, uint8_t configId) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_twt_clear_stats(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), configId);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setDtimConfig(const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t multiplier) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_dtim_config(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), multiplier);
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_usable_channel>> WifiLegacyHal::getUsableChannels(
+        uint32_t band_mask, uint32_t iface_mode_mask, uint32_t filter_mask) {
+    std::vector<wifi_usable_channel> channels;
+    channels.resize(kMaxWifiUsableChannels);
+    uint32_t size = 0;
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_usable_channels(
+            global_handle_, band_mask, iface_mode_mask, filter_mask, channels.size(), &size,
+            reinterpret_cast<wifi_usable_channel*>(channels.data()));
+    CHECK(size >= 0 && size <= kMaxWifiUsableChannels);
+    channels.resize(size);
+    return {status, std::move(channels)};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::triggerSubsystemRestart() {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_trigger_subsystem_restart(global_handle_);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::setIndoorState(bool isIndoor) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_set_indoor_state(global_handle_, isIndoor);
+}
+
+std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_radio_combination_matrix*>
+WifiLegacyHal::getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix() {
+    char* buffer = new char[kMaxSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixLength];
+    std::fill(buffer, buffer + kMaxSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixLength, 0);
+    uint32_t size = 0;
+    wifi_radio_combination_matrix* radio_combination_matrix_ptr =
+            reinterpret_cast<wifi_radio_combination_matrix*>(buffer);
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_supported_radio_combinations_matrix(
+            global_handle_, kMaxSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixLength, &size,
+            radio_combination_matrix_ptr);
+    CHECK(size >= 0 && size <= kMaxSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrixLength);
+    return {status, radio_combination_matrix_ptr};
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::chreNanRttRequest(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable) {
+    if (enable)
+        return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_rtt_chre_enable_request(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                   NULL);
+    else
+        return global_func_table_.wifi_nan_rtt_chre_disable_request(0, getIfaceHandle(iface_name));
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::chreRegisterHandler(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                              const ChreCallbackHandlers& handler) {
+    if (on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback) {
+        return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+    }
+
+    on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback = handler.on_wifi_chre_nan_rtt_state;
+
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_chre_register_handler(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                      {onAsyncChreNanRttState});
+    if (status != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    }
+    return status;
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::enableWifiTxPowerLimits(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable) {
+    return global_func_table_.wifi_enable_tx_power_limits(getIfaceHandle(iface_name), enable);
+}
+
+wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::getWifiCachedScanResults(
+        const std::string& iface_name, const CachedScanResultsCallbackHandlers& handler) {
+    on_cached_scan_results_internal_callback = handler.on_cached_scan_results;
+
+    wifi_error status = global_func_table_.wifi_get_cached_scan_results(getIfaceHandle(iface_name),
+                                                                        {onSyncCachedScanResults});
+
+    on_cached_scan_results_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    return status;
+}
+
+void WifiLegacyHal::invalidate() {
+    global_handle_ = nullptr;
+    iface_name_to_handle_.clear();
+    on_driver_memory_dump_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_firmware_memory_dump_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_gscan_event_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_gscan_full_result_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_link_layer_stats_result_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_rssi_threshold_breached_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_ring_buffer_data_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_error_alert_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_radio_mode_change_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_subsystem_restart_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_rtt_results_internal_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_notify_response_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_publish_terminated_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_match_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_match_expired_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_subscribe_terminated_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_followup_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_disc_eng_event_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_disabled_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_tca_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_beacon_sdf_payload_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_data_path_request_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_data_path_confirm_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_data_path_end_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_transmit_follow_up_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_range_request_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_range_report_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_nan_event_schedule_update_user_callback = nullptr;
+    on_twt_event_setup_response_callback = nullptr;
+    on_twt_event_teardown_completion_callback = nullptr;
+    on_twt_event_info_frame_received_callback = nullptr;
+    on_twt_event_device_notify_callback = nullptr;
+    on_chre_nan_rtt_internal_callback = nullptr;
+}
+
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd8c0b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,738 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_H_
+#define WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_H_
+
+#include <hardware_legacy/wifi_hal.h>
+#include <wifi_system/interface_tool.h>
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+// This is in a separate namespace to prevent typename conflicts between
+// the legacy HAL types and the AIDL interface types.
+namespace legacy_hal {
+// Import all the types defined inside the legacy HAL header files into this
+// namespace.
+using ::chre_nan_rtt_state;
+using ::frame_info;
+using ::frame_type;
+using ::FRAME_TYPE_80211_MGMT;
+using ::FRAME_TYPE_ETHERNET_II;
+using ::FRAME_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+using ::fw_roaming_state_t;
+using ::mac_addr;
+using ::NAN_CHANNEL_24G_BAND;
+using ::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_HIGH;
+using ::NAN_CHANNEL_5G_BAND_LOW;
+using ::NAN_DISABLE_RANGE_REPORT;
+using ::NAN_DO_NOT_USE_SRF;
+using ::NAN_DP_CHANNEL_NOT_REQUESTED;
+using ::NAN_DP_CONFIG_NO_SECURITY;
+using ::NAN_DP_CONFIG_SECURITY;
+using ::NAN_DP_END;
+using ::NAN_DP_FORCE_CHANNEL_SETUP;
+using ::NAN_DP_INITIATOR_RESPONSE;
+using ::NAN_DP_INTERFACE_CREATE;
+using ::NAN_DP_INTERFACE_DELETE;
+using ::NAN_DP_REQUEST_ACCEPT;
+using ::NAN_DP_REQUEST_CHANNEL_SETUP;
+using ::NAN_DP_REQUEST_REJECT;
+using ::NAN_DP_RESPONDER_RESPONSE;
+using ::NAN_GET_CAPABILITIES;
+using ::NAN_MATCH_ALG_MATCH_CONTINUOUS;
+using ::NAN_MATCH_ALG_MATCH_NEVER;
+using ::NAN_MATCH_ALG_MATCH_ONCE;
+using ::NAN_PUBLISH_TYPE_SOLICITED;
+using ::NAN_PUBLISH_TYPE_UNSOLICITED;
+using ::NAN_PUBLISH_TYPE_UNSOLICITED_SOLICITED;
+using ::NAN_RANGING_AUTO_RESPONSE_DISABLE;
+using ::NAN_RANGING_AUTO_RESPONSE_ENABLE;
+using ::NAN_RANGING_DISABLE;
+using ::NAN_RANGING_ENABLE;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_BEACON_SDF_PAYLOAD;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_CONFIG;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_DISABLED;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_ENABLED;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_ERROR;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_PUBLISH;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_PUBLISH_CANCEL;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_STATS;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_SUBSCRIBE;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_SUBSCRIBE_CANCEL;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_TCA;
+using ::NAN_RESPONSE_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP;
+using ::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PASSPHRASE;
+using ::NAN_SECURITY_KEY_INPUT_PMK;
+using ::NAN_SERVICE_ACCEPT_POLICY_ALL;
+using ::NAN_SERVICE_ACCEPT_POLICY_NONE;
+using ::NAN_SRF_ATTR_BLOOM_FILTER;
+using ::NAN_SRF_ATTR_PARTIAL_MAC_ADDR;
+using ::NAN_SRF_INCLUDE_DO_NOT_RESPOND;
+using ::NAN_SRF_INCLUDE_RESPOND;
+using ::NAN_SSI_NOT_REQUIRED_IN_MATCH_IND;
+using ::NAN_SSI_REQUIRED_IN_MATCH_IND;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_ALREADY_ENABLED;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_FOLLOWUP_QUEUE_FULL;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_INTERNAL_FAILURE;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_NDP_ID;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_PARAM;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_PUBLISH_SUBSCRIBE_ID;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_INVALID_REQUESTOR_INSTANCE_ID;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_NAN_NOT_ALLOWED;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_NO_OTA_ACK;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_NO_RESOURCE_AVAILABLE;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_PROTOCOL_FAILURE;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+using ::NAN_STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_CONCURRENCY_NAN_DISABLED;
+using ::NAN_SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_ACTIVE;
+using ::NAN_SUBSCRIBE_TYPE_PASSIVE;
+using ::NAN_TRANSMIT_IN_DW;
+using ::NAN_TRANSMIT_IN_FAW;
+using ::NAN_TX_PRIORITY_HIGH;
+using ::NAN_TX_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
+using ::NAN_TX_TYPE_BROADCAST;
+using ::NAN_TX_TYPE_UNICAST;
+using ::NAN_USE_SRF;
+using ::NanBeaconSdfPayloadInd;
+using ::NanCapabilities;
+using ::NanChannelInfo;
+using ::NanConfigRequest;
+using ::NanDataPathChannelCfg;
+using ::NanDataPathConfirmInd;
+using ::NanDataPathEndInd;
+using ::NanDataPathIndicationResponse;
+using ::NanDataPathInitiatorRequest;
+using ::NanDataPathRequestInd;
+using ::NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd;
+using ::NanDisabledInd;
+using ::NanDiscEngEventInd;
+using ::NanEnableRequest;
+using ::NanFollowupInd;
+using ::NanMatchAlg;
+using ::NanMatchExpiredInd;
+using ::NanMatchInd;
+using ::NanPublishCancelRequest;
+using ::NanPublishRequest;
+using ::NanPublishTerminatedInd;
+using ::NanPublishType;
+using ::NanRangeReportInd;
+using ::NanRangeRequestInd;
+using ::NanResponseMsg;
+using ::NanSRFType;
+using ::NanStatusType;
+using ::NanSubscribeCancelRequest;
+using ::NanSubscribeRequest;
+using ::NanSubscribeTerminatedInd;
+using ::NanSubscribeType;
+using ::NanTransmitFollowupInd;
+using ::NanTransmitFollowupRequest;
+using ::NanTxType;
+using ::ROAMING_DISABLE;
+using ::ROAMING_ENABLE;
+using ::RTT_PEER_AP;
+using ::RTT_PEER_NAN;
+using ::RTT_PEER_P2P_CLIENT;
+using ::RTT_PEER_P2P_GO;
+using ::RTT_PEER_STA;
+using ::rtt_peer_type;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_ABORTED;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_AP_ON_DIFF_CHANNEL;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_BUSY_TRY_LATER;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_FTM_PARAM_OVERRIDE;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_INVALID_TS;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_NO_CAPABILITY;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_NO_RSP;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_NOT_SCHEDULED_YET;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_PROTOCOL;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_REJECTED;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_SCHEDULE;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAIL_TM_TIMEOUT;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_FAILURE;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_INVALID_REQ;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_NAN_RANGING_CONCURRENCY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_NAN_RANGING_PROTOCOL_FAILURE;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_NO_WIFI;
+using ::RTT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+using ::RTT_TYPE_1_SIDED;
+using ::RTT_TYPE_2_SIDED;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_FILTER;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_INVALID;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_NOBUFS;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_OTHER;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_DRV_QUEUED;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_FILTER;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_INVALID;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_NOBUFS;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_OTHER;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_FW_QUEUED;
+using ::RX_PKT_FATE_SUCCESS;
+using ::ssid_t;
+using ::transaction_id;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_ACKED;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_INVALID;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_NOBUFS;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_DROP_OTHER;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_DRV_QUEUED;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_INVALID;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_NOBUFS;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_DROP_OTHER;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_FW_QUEUED;
+using ::TX_PKT_FATE_SENT;
+using ::WIFI_AC_BE;
+using ::WIFI_AC_BK;
+using ::WIFI_AC_VI;
+using ::WIFI_AC_VO;
+using ::WIFI_ANTENNA_1X1;
+using ::WIFI_ANTENNA_2X2;
+using ::WIFI_ANTENNA_3X3;
+using ::WIFI_ANTENNA_4X4;
+using ::WIFI_ANTENNA_UNSPECIFIED;
+using ::wifi_band;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_A;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_A_DFS;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_A_WITH_DFS;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_ABG;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_ABG_WITH_DFS;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_BG;
+using ::WIFI_BAND_UNSPECIFIED;
+using ::wifi_cached_scan_report;
+using ::wifi_cached_scan_results;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_10;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_160;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_20;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_320;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_40;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_5;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_80;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_80P80;
+using ::WIFI_CHAN_WIDTH_INVALID;
+using ::wifi_channel_info;
+using ::wifi_channel_stat;
+using ::wifi_channel_width;
+using ::wifi_coex_restriction;
+using ::wifi_coex_unsafe_channel;
+using ::WIFI_DUAL_STA_NON_TRANSIENT_UNBIASED;
+using ::WIFI_DUAL_STA_TRANSIENT_PREFER_PRIMARY;
+using ::wifi_error;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_BUSY;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_REQUEST_ID;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_NONE;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_TIMED_OUT;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED;
+using ::WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN;
+using ::wifi_gscan_capabilities;
+using ::wifi_hal_fn;
+using ::wifi_information_element;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_IBSS;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_MESH;
+using ::wifi_interface_mode;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_NAN;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_P2P_CLIENT;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_P2P_GO;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_SOFTAP;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_STA;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_TDLS;
+using ::wifi_interface_type;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_AP;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_NAN;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_P2P;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_TYPE_STA;
+using ::WIFI_INTERFACE_UNKNOWN;
+using ::wifi_latency_mode;
+using ::WIFI_LATENCY_MODE_LOW;
+using ::WIFI_LATENCY_MODE_NORMAL;
+using ::wifi_lci_information;
+using ::wifi_lcr_information;
+using ::WIFI_LOGGER_CONNECT_EVENT_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_LOGGER_DRIVER_DUMP_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_LOGGER_MEMORY_DUMP_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_LOGGER_PACKET_FATE_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_LOGGER_POWER_EVENT_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_LOGGER_WAKE_LOCK_SUPPORTED;
+using ::WIFI_MOTION_EXPECTED;
+using ::WIFI_MOTION_NOT_EXPECTED;
+using ::wifi_motion_pattern;
+using ::WIFI_MOTION_UNKNOWN;
+using ::wifi_multi_sta_use_case;
+using ::wifi_power_scenario;
+using ::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_BODY_CELL_OFF;
+using ::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_BODY_CELL_ON;
+using ::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF;
+using ::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_ON_HEAD_CELL_ON;
+using ::WIFI_POWER_SCENARIO_VOICE_CALL;
+using ::wifi_radio_combination;
+using ::wifi_radio_combination_matrix;
+using ::wifi_radio_configuration;
+using ::wifi_rate;
+using ::wifi_request_id;
+using ::wifi_ring_buffer_status;
+using ::wifi_roaming_capabilities;
+using ::wifi_roaming_config;
+using ::wifi_rtt_bw;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_10;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_160;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_20;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_320;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_40;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_5;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_BW_80;
+using ::wifi_rtt_capabilities;
+using ::wifi_rtt_config;
+using ::wifi_rtt_preamble;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_EHT;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HE;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_HT;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_LEGACY;
+using ::WIFI_RTT_PREAMBLE_VHT;
+using ::wifi_rtt_responder;
+using ::wifi_rtt_result;
+using ::wifi_rtt_status;
+using ::wifi_rtt_type;
+using ::wifi_rx_packet_fate;
+using ::wifi_rx_report;
+using ::wifi_scan_bucket_spec;
+using ::wifi_scan_cmd_params;
+using ::WIFI_SCAN_FLAG_INTERRUPTED;
+using ::wifi_scan_result;
+using ::WIFI_SUCCESS;
+using ::wifi_tx_packet_fate;
+using ::wifi_tx_report;
+using ::wifi_usable_channel;
+using ::WIFI_USABLE_CHANNEL_FILTER_CELLULAR_COEXISTENCE;
+using ::WIFI_USABLE_CHANNEL_FILTER_CONCURRENCY;
+using ::WLAN_MAC_2_4_BAND;
+using ::WLAN_MAC_5_0_BAND;
+using ::WLAN_MAC_60_0_BAND;
+using ::WLAN_MAC_6_0_BAND;
+
+// APF capabilities supported by the iface.
+struct PacketFilterCapabilities {
+    uint32_t version;
+    uint32_t max_len;
+};
+
+// WARNING: We don't care about the variable sized members of either
+// |wifi_iface_stat|, |wifi_radio_stat| structures. So, using the pragma
+// to escape the compiler warnings regarding this.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-variable-sized-type-not-at-end"
+// The |wifi_radio_stat.tx_time_per_levels| stats is provided as a pointer in
+// |wifi_radio_stat| structure in the legacy HAL API. Separate that out
+// into a separate return element to avoid passing pointers around.
+struct LinkLayerRadioStats {
+    wifi_radio_stat stats;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> tx_time_per_levels;
+    std::vector<wifi_channel_stat> channel_stats;
+};
+
+struct WifiPeerInfo {
+    wifi_peer_info peer_info;
+    std::vector<wifi_rate_stat> rate_stats;
+};
+
+struct LinkLayerStats {
+    wifi_iface_stat iface;
+    std::vector<LinkLayerRadioStats> radios;
+    std::vector<WifiPeerInfo> peers;
+};
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+// The |WLAN_DRIVER_WAKE_REASON_CNT.cmd_event_wake_cnt| and
+// |WLAN_DRIVER_WAKE_REASON_CNT.driver_fw_local_wake_cnt| stats is provided
+// as a pointer in |WLAN_DRIVER_WAKE_REASON_CNT| structure in the legacy HAL
+// API. Separate that out into a separate return elements to avoid passing
+// pointers around.
+struct WakeReasonStats {
+    WLAN_DRIVER_WAKE_REASON_CNT wake_reason_cnt;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> cmd_event_wake_cnt;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> driver_fw_local_wake_cnt;
+};
+
+// NAN response and event callbacks struct.
+struct NanCallbackHandlers {
+    // NotifyResponse invoked to notify the status of the Request.
+    std::function<void(transaction_id, const NanResponseMsg&)> on_notify_response;
+    // Various event callbacks.
+    std::function<void(const NanPublishTerminatedInd&)> on_event_publish_terminated;
+    std::function<void(const NanMatchInd&)> on_event_match;
+    std::function<void(const NanMatchExpiredInd&)> on_event_match_expired;
+    std::function<void(const NanSubscribeTerminatedInd&)> on_event_subscribe_terminated;
+    std::function<void(const NanFollowupInd&)> on_event_followup;
+    std::function<void(const NanDiscEngEventInd&)> on_event_disc_eng_event;
+    std::function<void(const NanDisabledInd&)> on_event_disabled;
+    std::function<void(const NanTCAInd&)> on_event_tca;
+    std::function<void(const NanBeaconSdfPayloadInd&)> on_event_beacon_sdf_payload;
+    std::function<void(const NanDataPathRequestInd&)> on_event_data_path_request;
+    std::function<void(const NanDataPathConfirmInd&)> on_event_data_path_confirm;
+    std::function<void(const NanDataPathEndInd&)> on_event_data_path_end;
+    std::function<void(const NanTransmitFollowupInd&)> on_event_transmit_follow_up;
+    std::function<void(const NanRangeRequestInd&)> on_event_range_request;
+    std::function<void(const NanRangeReportInd&)> on_event_range_report;
+    std::function<void(const NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd&)> on_event_schedule_update;
+};
+
+// Full scan results contain IE info and are hence passed by reference, to
+// preserve the variable length array member |ie_data|. Callee must not retain
+// the pointer.
+using on_gscan_full_result_callback =
+        std::function<void(wifi_request_id, const wifi_scan_result*, uint32_t)>;
+// These scan results don't contain any IE info, so no need to pass by
+// reference.
+using on_gscan_results_callback =
+        std::function<void(wifi_request_id, const std::vector<wifi_cached_scan_results>&)>;
+
+// Invoked when the rssi value breaches the thresholds set.
+using on_rssi_threshold_breached_callback =
+        std::function<void(wifi_request_id, std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>, int8_t)>;
+
+// Callback for RTT range request results.
+// Rtt results contain IE info and are hence passed by reference, to
+// preserve the |LCI| and |LCR| pointers. Callee must not retain
+// the pointer.
+using on_rtt_results_callback =
+        std::function<void(wifi_request_id, const std::vector<const wifi_rtt_result*>&)>;
+
+// Callback for ring buffer data.
+using on_ring_buffer_data_callback = std::function<void(
+        const std::string&, const std::vector<uint8_t>&, const wifi_ring_buffer_status&)>;
+
+// Callback for alerts.
+using on_error_alert_callback = std::function<void(int32_t, const std::vector<uint8_t>&)>;
+
+// Callback for subsystem restart
+using on_subsystem_restart_callback = std::function<void(const std::string&)>;
+
+// Struct for the mac info from the legacy HAL. This is a cleaner version
+// of the |wifi_mac_info| & |wifi_iface_info|.
+typedef struct {
+    std::string name;
+    wifi_channel channel;
+} WifiIfaceInfo;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t wlan_mac_id;
+    /* BIT MASK of BIT(WLAN_MAC*) as represented by wlan_mac_band */
+    uint32_t mac_band;
+    /* Represents the connected Wi-Fi interfaces associated with each MAC */
+    std::vector<WifiIfaceInfo> iface_infos;
+} WifiMacInfo;
+
+// Callback for radio mode change
+using on_radio_mode_change_callback = std::function<void(const std::vector<WifiMacInfo>&)>;
+
+// TWT response and event callbacks struct.
+struct TwtCallbackHandlers {
+    // Callback for TWT setup response
+    std::function<void(const TwtSetupResponse&)> on_setup_response;
+    // Callback for TWT teardown completion
+    std::function<void(const TwtTeardownCompletion&)> on_teardown_completion;
+    // Callback for TWT info frame received event
+    std::function<void(const TwtInfoFrameReceived&)> on_info_frame_received;
+    // Callback for TWT notification from the device
+    std::function<void(const TwtDeviceNotify&)> on_device_notify;
+};
+
+// CHRE response and event callbacks struct.
+struct ChreCallbackHandlers {
+    // Callback for CHRE NAN RTT
+    std::function<void(chre_nan_rtt_state)> on_wifi_chre_nan_rtt_state;
+};
+
+// Cached Scan Results response and event callbacks struct.
+struct CachedScanResultsCallbackHandlers {
+    // Callback for Cached Scan Results
+    std::function<void(wifi_cached_scan_report*)> on_cached_scan_results;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Class that encapsulates all legacy HAL interactions.
+ * This class manages the lifetime of the event loop thread used by legacy HAL.
+ *
+ * Note: There will only be a single instance of this class created in the Wifi
+ * object and will be valid for the lifetime of the process.
+ */
+class WifiLegacyHal {
+  public:
+    WifiLegacyHal(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool,
+                  const wifi_hal_fn& fn, bool is_primary);
+    virtual ~WifiLegacyHal() = default;
+
+    // Initialize the legacy HAL function table.
+    virtual wifi_error initialize();
+    // Start the legacy HAL and the event looper thread.
+    virtual wifi_error start();
+    // Deinitialize the legacy HAL and wait for the event loop thread to exit
+    // using a predefined timeout.
+    virtual wifi_error stop(std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex>* lock,
+                            const std::function<void()>& on_complete_callback);
+    virtual wifi_error waitForDriverReady();
+    // Checks if legacy HAL has successfully started
+    bool isStarted();
+    // Wrappers for all the functions in the legacy HAL function table.
+    virtual std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> getDriverVersion(const std::string& iface_name);
+    virtual std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> getFirmwareVersion(const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> requestDriverMemoryDump(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> requestFirmwareMemoryDump(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    virtual std::pair<wifi_error, uint64_t> getSupportedFeatureSet(const std::string& iface_name);
+    // APF functions.
+    std::pair<wifi_error, PacketFilterCapabilities> getPacketFilterCapabilities(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error setPacketFilter(const std::string& iface_name, const std::vector<uint8_t>& program);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> readApfPacketFilterData(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    // Gscan functions.
+    std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_gscan_capabilities> getGscanCapabilities(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    // These API's provides a simplified interface over the legacy Gscan API's:
+    // a) All scan events from the legacy HAL API other than the
+    //    |WIFI_SCAN_FAILED| are treated as notification of results.
+    //    This method then retrieves the cached scan results from the legacy
+    //    HAL API and triggers the externally provided
+    //    |on_results_user_callback| on success.
+    // b) |WIFI_SCAN_FAILED| scan event or failure to retrieve cached scan
+    // results
+    //    Triggers the externally provided |on_failure_user_callback|.
+    // c) Full scan result event triggers the externally provided
+    //    |on_full_result_user_callback|.
+    wifi_error startGscan(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                          const wifi_scan_cmd_params& params,
+                          const std::function<void(wifi_request_id)>& on_failure_callback,
+                          const on_gscan_results_callback& on_results_callback,
+                          const on_gscan_full_result_callback& on_full_result_callback);
+    wifi_error stopGscan(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint32_t>> getValidFrequenciesForBand(
+            const std::string& iface_name, wifi_band band);
+    virtual wifi_error setDfsFlag(const std::string& iface_name, bool dfs_on);
+    // Link layer stats functions.
+    wifi_error enableLinkLayerStats(const std::string& iface_name, bool debug);
+    wifi_error disableLinkLayerStats(const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, LinkLayerStats> getLinkLayerStats(const std::string& iface_name);
+    // RSSI monitor functions.
+    wifi_error startRssiMonitoring(
+            const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id, int8_t max_rssi, int8_t min_rssi,
+            const on_rssi_threshold_breached_callback& on_threshold_breached_callback);
+    wifi_error stopRssiMonitoring(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_roaming_capabilities> getRoamingCapabilities(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error configureRoaming(const std::string& iface_name, const wifi_roaming_config& config);
+    wifi_error enableFirmwareRoaming(const std::string& iface_name, fw_roaming_state_t state);
+    wifi_error configureNdOffload(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable);
+    wifi_error startSendingOffloadedPacket(const std::string& iface_name, int32_t cmd_id,
+                                           uint16_t ether_type,
+                                           const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data,
+                                           const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address,
+                                           const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address,
+                                           int32_t period_in_ms);
+    wifi_error stopSendingOffloadedPacket(const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t cmd_id);
+    virtual wifi_error selectTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                             wifi_power_scenario scenario);
+    virtual wifi_error resetTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error setLatencyMode(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_latency_mode mode);
+    wifi_error setThermalMitigationMode(wifi_thermal_mode mode, uint32_t completion_window);
+    wifi_error setDscpToAccessCategoryMapping(uint32_t start, uint32_t end,
+                                              uint32_t access_category);
+    wifi_error resetDscpToAccessCategoryMapping();
+    // Logger/debug functions.
+    std::pair<wifi_error, uint32_t> getLoggerSupportedFeatureSet(const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error startPktFateMonitoring(const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_tx_report>> getTxPktFates(const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_rx_report>> getRxPktFates(const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, WakeReasonStats> getWakeReasonStats(const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error registerRingBufferCallbackHandler(
+            const std::string& iface_name, const on_ring_buffer_data_callback& on_data_callback);
+    wifi_error deregisterRingBufferCallbackHandler(const std::string& iface_name);
+    virtual wifi_error registerSubsystemRestartCallbackHandler(
+            const on_subsystem_restart_callback& on_restart_callback);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_ring_buffer_status>> getRingBuffersStatus(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error startRingBufferLogging(const std::string& iface_name, const std::string& ring_name,
+                                      uint32_t verbose_level, uint32_t max_interval_sec,
+                                      uint32_t min_data_size);
+    wifi_error getRingBufferData(const std::string& iface_name, const std::string& ring_name);
+    wifi_error registerErrorAlertCallbackHandler(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                 const on_error_alert_callback& on_alert_callback);
+    wifi_error deregisterErrorAlertCallbackHandler(const std::string& iface_name);
+    // Radio mode functions.
+    virtual wifi_error registerRadioModeChangeCallbackHandler(
+            const std::string& iface_name,
+            const on_radio_mode_change_callback& on_user_change_callback);
+    // RTT functions.
+    wifi_error startRttRangeRequest(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                                    const std::vector<wifi_rtt_config>& rtt_configs,
+                                    const on_rtt_results_callback& on_results_callback);
+    wifi_error cancelRttRangeRequest(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                                     const std::vector<std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>>& mac_addrs);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_rtt_capabilities> getRttCapabilities(const std::string& iface_name);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_rtt_responder> getRttResponderInfo(const std::string& iface_name);
+    wifi_error enableRttResponder(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                                  const wifi_channel_info& channel_hint, uint32_t max_duration_secs,
+                                  const wifi_rtt_responder& info);
+    wifi_error disableRttResponder(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id);
+    wifi_error setRttLci(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                         const wifi_lci_information& info);
+    wifi_error setRttLcr(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_request_id id,
+                         const wifi_lcr_information& info);
+    // NAN functions.
+    virtual wifi_error nanRegisterCallbackHandlers(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                                   const NanCallbackHandlers& callbacks);
+    wifi_error nanEnableRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                const NanEnableRequest& msg);
+    virtual wifi_error nanDisableRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id);
+    wifi_error nanPublishRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                 const NanPublishRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanPublishCancelRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                       const NanPublishCancelRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanSubscribeRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                   const NanSubscribeRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanSubscribeCancelRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                         const NanSubscribeCancelRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanTransmitFollowupRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                          const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanStatsRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                               const NanStatsRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanConfigRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                const NanConfigRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanTcaRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                             const NanTCARequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanBeaconSdfPayloadRequest(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                          const NanBeaconSdfPayloadRequest& msg);
+    std::pair<wifi_error, NanVersion> nanGetVersion();
+    wifi_error nanGetCapabilities(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id);
+    wifi_error nanDataInterfaceCreate(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                      const std::string& data_iface_name);
+    virtual wifi_error nanDataInterfaceDelete(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                              const std::string& data_iface_name);
+    wifi_error nanDataRequestInitiator(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                       const NanDataPathInitiatorRequest& msg);
+    wifi_error nanDataIndicationResponse(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id,
+                                         const NanDataPathIndicationResponse& msg);
+    wifi_error nanDataEnd(const std::string& iface_name, transaction_id id, uint32_t ndpInstanceId);
+    // AP functions.
+    wifi_error setCountryCode(const std::string& iface_name, const std::array<uint8_t, 2> code);
+
+    // Interface functions.
+    virtual wifi_error createVirtualInterface(const std::string& ifname,
+                                              wifi_interface_type iftype);
+    virtual wifi_error deleteVirtualInterface(const std::string& ifname);
+    virtual wifi_error getSupportedIfaceName(uint32_t iface_type, std::string& ifname);
+
+    // STA + STA functions
+    virtual wifi_error multiStaSetPrimaryConnection(const std::string& ifname);
+    virtual wifi_error multiStaSetUseCase(wifi_multi_sta_use_case use_case);
+
+    // Coex functions.
+    virtual wifi_error setCoexUnsafeChannels(std::vector<wifi_coex_unsafe_channel> unsafe_channels,
+                                             uint32_t restrictions);
+
+    wifi_error setVoipMode(const std::string& iface_name, wifi_voip_mode mode);
+
+    wifi_error twtRegisterHandler(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                  const TwtCallbackHandlers& handler);
+
+    std::pair<wifi_error, TwtCapabilitySet> twtGetCapability(const std::string& iface_name);
+
+    wifi_error twtSetupRequest(const std::string& iface_name, const TwtSetupRequest& msg);
+
+    wifi_error twtTearDownRequest(const std::string& iface_name, const TwtTeardownRequest& msg);
+
+    wifi_error twtInfoFrameRequest(const std::string& iface_name, const TwtInfoFrameRequest& msg);
+
+    std::pair<wifi_error, TwtStats> twtGetStats(const std::string& iface_name, uint8_t configId);
+
+    wifi_error twtClearStats(const std::string& iface_name, uint8_t configId);
+
+    wifi_error setDtimConfig(const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t multiplier);
+
+    // Retrieve the list of usable channels in the requested bands
+    // for the requested modes
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_usable_channel>> getUsableChannels(
+            uint32_t band_mask, uint32_t iface_mode_mask, uint32_t filter_mask);
+
+    wifi_error triggerSubsystemRestart();
+
+    wifi_error setIndoorState(bool isIndoor);
+
+    std::pair<wifi_error, wifi_radio_combination_matrix*> getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix();
+
+    // CHRE NAN RTT function
+    wifi_error chreNanRttRequest(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable);
+
+    wifi_error chreRegisterHandler(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                   const ChreCallbackHandlers& handler);
+
+    wifi_error enableWifiTxPowerLimits(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable);
+    wifi_error getWifiCachedScanResults(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                        const CachedScanResultsCallbackHandlers& handler);
+
+  private:
+    // Retrieve interface handles for all the available interfaces.
+    wifi_error retrieveIfaceHandles();
+    wifi_interface_handle getIfaceHandle(const std::string& iface_name);
+    // Run the legacy HAL event loop thread.
+    void runEventLoop();
+    // Retrieve the cached gscan results to pass the results back to the
+    // external callbacks.
+    std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<wifi_cached_scan_results>> getGscanCachedResults(
+            const std::string& iface_name);
+    void invalidate();
+    // Handles wifi (error) status of Virtual interface create/delete
+    wifi_error handleVirtualInterfaceCreateOrDeleteStatus(const std::string& ifname,
+                                                          wifi_error status);
+
+    // Global function table of legacy HAL.
+    wifi_hal_fn global_func_table_;
+    // Opaque handle to be used for all global operations.
+    wifi_handle global_handle_;
+    // Map of interface name to handle that is to be used for all interface
+    // specific operations.
+    std::map<std::string, wifi_interface_handle> iface_name_to_handle_;
+    // Flag to indicate if we have initiated the cleanup of legacy HAL.
+    std::atomic<bool> awaiting_event_loop_termination_;
+    std::condition_variable_any stop_wait_cv_;
+    // Flag to indicate if the legacy HAL has been started.
+    bool is_started_;
+    std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool_;
+    // Flag to indicate if this HAL is for the primary chip. This is used
+    // in order to avoid some hard-coded behavior used with older HALs,
+    // such as bring wlan0 interface up/down on start/stop HAL.
+    // it may be removed once vendor HALs are updated.
+    bool is_primary_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_factory.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_factory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60f81ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_factory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal_factory.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <libxml/parser.h>
+#include <libxml/tree.h>
+#include <libxml/xmlmemory.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.h"
+
+namespace {
+static constexpr char kVendorHalsDescPath[] = "/vendor/etc/wifi/vendor_hals";
+static constexpr char kVendorHalsDescExt[] = ".xml";
+static constexpr uint32_t kVendorHalsDescVersion = 1;
+
+bool isDirectory(struct dirent* entryPtr) {
+    bool isDir = false;
+    if (entryPtr->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN && entryPtr->d_type != DT_LNK) {
+        isDir = (entryPtr->d_type == DT_DIR);
+    } else {
+        struct stat entryStat;
+        stat(entryPtr->d_name, &entryStat);
+        isDir = S_ISDIR(entryStat.st_mode);
+    }
+    return isDir;
+}
+
+bool isFileExtension(const char* name, const char* ext) {
+    if (name == NULL) return false;
+    if (ext == NULL) return false;
+
+    size_t extLen = strlen(ext);
+    size_t nameLen = strlen(name);
+
+    if (extLen > nameLen) return false;
+
+    if (strncmp(name + nameLen - extLen, ext, extLen) != 0) return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+};  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace legacy_hal {
+
+WifiLegacyHalFactory::WifiLegacyHalFactory(
+        const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool)
+    : iface_tool_(iface_tool) {}
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiLegacyHal>> WifiLegacyHalFactory::getHals() {
+    if (legacy_hals_.empty()) {
+        if (!initVendorHalDescriptorFromLinked()) initVendorHalsDescriptorList();
+        for (auto& desc : descs_) {
+            std::shared_ptr<WifiLegacyHal> hal =
+                    std::make_shared<WifiLegacyHal>(iface_tool_, desc.fn, desc.primary);
+            legacy_hals_.push_back(hal);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return legacy_hals_;
+}
+
+bool WifiLegacyHalFactory::initVendorHalDescriptorFromLinked() {
+    wifi_hal_lib_desc desc;
+
+    if (!initLinkedHalFunctionTable(&desc.fn)) return false;
+
+    desc.primary = true;
+    desc.handle = NULL;
+    descs_.push_back(desc);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool WifiLegacyHalFactory::initLinkedHalFunctionTable(wifi_hal_fn* hal_fn) {
+    init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table_t initfn;
+
+    initfn = (init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table_t)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT,
+                                                      "init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table");
+    if (!initfn) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "no vendor HAL library linked, will try dynamic load";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!initHalFuncTableWithStubs(hal_fn)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Can not initialize the basic function pointer table";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (initfn(hal_fn) != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Can not initialize the vendor function pointer table";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Overall structure of the HAL descriptor XML schema
+ *
+ * <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+ * <WifiVendorHal version="1">
+ * <path>/vendor/lib64/libwifi-hal-qcom.so</path>
+ * <primary>1</primary>
+ * </WifiVendorHal>
+ */
+void WifiLegacyHalFactory::initVendorHalsDescriptorList() {
+    xmlDocPtr xml;
+    xmlNodePtr node, cnode;
+    char* version;
+    std::string path;
+    xmlChar* value;
+    wifi_hal_lib_desc desc;
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "processing vendor HALs descriptions in " << kVendorHalsDescPath;
+    DIR* dirPtr = ::opendir(kVendorHalsDescPath);
+    if (dirPtr == NULL) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to open " << kVendorHalsDescPath;
+        return;
+    }
+    for (struct dirent* entryPtr = ::readdir(dirPtr); entryPtr != NULL;
+         entryPtr = ::readdir(dirPtr)) {
+        if (isDirectory(entryPtr)) continue;
+
+        if (!isFileExtension(entryPtr->d_name, kVendorHalsDescExt))
+            continue;  // only process .xml files
+
+        LOG(INFO) << "processing config file: " << entryPtr->d_name;
+
+        std::string fullPath(kVendorHalsDescPath);
+        fullPath.append("/");
+        fullPath.append(entryPtr->d_name);
+        xml = xmlReadFile(fullPath.c_str(), "UTF-8", XML_PARSE_RECOVER);
+        if (!xml) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "failed to parse: " << entryPtr->d_name << " skipping...";
+            continue;
+        }
+        node = xmlDocGetRootElement(xml);
+        if (!node) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "empty config file: " << entryPtr->d_name << " skipping...";
+            goto skip;
+        }
+        if (xmlStrcmp(node->name, BAD_CAST "WifiVendorHal")) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "bad config, root element not WifiVendorHal: " << entryPtr->d_name
+                       << " skipping...";
+            goto skip;
+        }
+        version = (char*)xmlGetProp(node, BAD_CAST "version");
+        if (!version || strtoul(version, NULL, 0) != kVendorHalsDescVersion) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "conf file: " << entryPtr->d_name
+                       << "must have version: " << kVendorHalsDescVersion << ", skipping...";
+            goto skip;
+        }
+        cnode = node->children;
+        path.clear();
+        desc.primary = false;
+        while (cnode) {
+            if (!xmlStrcmp(cnode->name, BAD_CAST "path")) {
+                value = xmlNodeListGetString(xml, cnode->children, 1);
+                if (value) path = (char*)value;
+                xmlFree(value);
+            } else if (!xmlStrcmp(cnode->name, BAD_CAST "primary")) {
+                value = xmlNodeListGetString(xml, cnode->children, 1);
+                desc.primary = !xmlStrcmp(value, BAD_CAST "1");
+                xmlFree(value);
+            }
+            cnode = cnode->next;
+        }
+        if (path.empty()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "hal library path not provided in: " << entryPtr->d_name
+                       << ", skipping...";
+            goto skip;
+        }
+        if (loadVendorHalLib(path, desc)) {
+            if (desc.primary)
+                descs_.insert(descs_.begin(), desc);
+            else
+                descs_.push_back(desc);
+        }
+    skip:
+        xmlFreeDoc(xml);
+    }
+    ::closedir(dirPtr);
+}
+
+bool WifiLegacyHalFactory::loadVendorHalLib(const std::string& path, wifi_hal_lib_desc& desc) {
+    void* h = dlopen(path.c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+    init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table_t initfn;
+    wifi_error res;
+
+    if (!h) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to open vendor hal library: " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    initfn = (init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table_t)dlsym(h, "init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table");
+    if (!initfn) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "init_wifi_vendor_hal_func_table not found in: " << path;
+        goto out_err;
+    }
+
+    if (!initHalFuncTableWithStubs(&desc.fn)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Can not initialize the basic function pointer table";
+        goto out_err;
+    }
+    res = initfn(&desc.fn);
+    if (res != WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to initialize the vendor func table in: " << path
+                   << " error: " << res;
+        goto out_err;
+    }
+
+    res = desc.fn.wifi_early_initialize();
+    // vendor HALs which do not implement early_initialize will return
+    // WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, treat this as success.
+    if (res != WIFI_SUCCESS && res != WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "early initialization failed in: " << path << " error: " << res;
+        goto out_err;
+    }
+
+    desc.handle = h;
+    return true;
+out_err:
+    dlclose(h);
+    return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_factory.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7b287a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_FACTORY_H_
+#define WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_FACTORY_H_
+
+#include <wifi_system/interface_tool.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+// This is in a separate namespace to prevent typename conflicts between
+// the legacy HAL types and the AIDL interface types.
+namespace legacy_hal {
+/**
+ * Class that creates WifiLegacyHal objects for vendor HALs in the system.
+ */
+class WifiLegacyHalFactory {
+  public:
+    WifiLegacyHalFactory(const std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool);
+    virtual ~WifiLegacyHalFactory() = default;
+
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiLegacyHal>> getHals();
+
+  private:
+    typedef struct {
+        wifi_hal_fn fn;
+        bool primary;
+        void* handle;
+    } wifi_hal_lib_desc;
+
+    bool initVendorHalDescriptorFromLinked();
+    void initVendorHalsDescriptorList();
+    bool initLinkedHalFunctionTable(wifi_hal_fn* hal_fn);
+    bool loadVendorHalLib(const std::string& path, wifi_hal_lib_desc& desc);
+
+    std::weak_ptr<::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool> iface_tool_;
+    std::vector<wifi_hal_lib_desc> descs_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<WifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hals_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_FACTORY_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cff7f69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.h"
+
+// TODO: Remove these stubs from HalTool in libwifi-system.
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace legacy_hal {
+template <typename>
+struct stubFunction;
+
+template <typename R, typename... Args>
+struct stubFunction<R (*)(Args...)> {
+    static constexpr R invoke(Args...) { return WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED; }
+};
+template <typename... Args>
+struct stubFunction<void (*)(Args...)> {
+    static constexpr void invoke(Args...) {}
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void populateStubFor(T* val) {
+    *val = &stubFunction<T>::invoke;
+}
+
+bool initHalFuncTableWithStubs(wifi_hal_fn* hal_fn) {
+    if (hal_fn == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_initialize);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_wait_for_driver_ready);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_cleanup);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_event_loop);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_error_info);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_supported_feature_set);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_concurrency_matrix);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_scanning_mac_oui);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_supported_channels);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_is_epr_supported);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_ifaces);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_iface_name);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_iface_event_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_iface_event_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_start_gscan);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_stop_gscan);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_cached_gscan_results);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_bssid_hotlist);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_bssid_hotlist);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_significant_change_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_significant_change_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_gscan_capabilities);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_link_stats);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_link_stats);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_clear_link_stats);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_valid_channels);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_rtt_range_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_rtt_range_cancel);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_rtt_capabilities);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_rtt_get_responder_info);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_enable_responder);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_disable_responder);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_nodfs_flag);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_start_logging);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_epno_list);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_epno_list);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_country_code);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_firmware_memory_dump);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_log_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_log_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_alert_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_alert_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_firmware_version);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_ring_buffers_status);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_logger_supported_feature_set);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_ring_data);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_enable_tdls);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_disable_tdls);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_tdls_status);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_tdls_capabilities);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_driver_version);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_passpoint_list);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_passpoint_list);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_lci);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_lcr);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_start_sending_offloaded_packet);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_stop_sending_offloaded_packet);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_start_rssi_monitoring);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_stop_rssi_monitoring);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_wake_reason_stats);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_configure_nd_offload);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_driver_memory_dump);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_start_pkt_fate_monitoring);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_tx_pkt_fates);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_rx_pkt_fates);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_enable_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_disable_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_publish_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_publish_cancel_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_subscribe_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_subscribe_cancel_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_transmit_followup_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_stats_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_config_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_tca_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_beacon_sdf_payload_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_register_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_get_version);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_get_capabilities);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_data_interface_create);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_data_interface_delete);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_data_request_initiator);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_data_indication_response);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_data_end);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_packet_filter_capabilities);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_packet_filter);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_read_packet_filter);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_roaming_capabilities);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_enable_firmware_roaming);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_configure_roaming);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_select_tx_power_scenario);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_tx_power_scenario);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_radio_mode_change_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_latency_mode);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_thermal_mitigation_mode);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_virtual_interface_create);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_virtual_interface_delete);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_map_dscp_access_category);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_reset_dscp_mapping);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_subsystem_restart_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_supported_iface_name);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_early_initialize);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_chip_feature_set);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_multi_sta_set_primary_connection);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_multi_sta_set_use_case);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_coex_unsafe_channels);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_voip_mode);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_register_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_get_capability);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_setup_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_teardown_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_info_frame_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_get_stats);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_twt_clear_stats);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_dtim_config);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_usable_channels);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_trigger_subsystem_restart);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_set_indoor_state);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_supported_radio_combinations_matrix);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_rtt_chre_enable_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_nan_rtt_chre_disable_request);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_chre_register_handler);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_enable_tx_power_limits);
+    populateStubFor(&hal_fn->wifi_get_cached_scan_results);
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..603ecf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_legacy_hal_stubs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_STUBS_H_
+#define WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_STUBS_H_
+
+#include <hardware_legacy/wifi_hal.h>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace legacy_hal {
+
+bool initHalFuncTableWithStubs(wifi_hal_fn* hal_fn);
+}  // namespace legacy_hal
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_LEGACY_HAL_STUBS_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_mode_controller.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_mode_controller.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07cb072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_mode_controller.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_mode_controller.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+namespace {
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IfaceType;
+using android::wifi_hal::DriverTool;
+
+int convertIfaceTypeToFirmwareMode(IfaceType type) {
+    int mode;
+    switch (type) {
+        case IfaceType::AP:
+            mode = DriverTool::kFirmwareModeAp;
+            break;
+        case IfaceType::P2P:
+            mode = DriverTool::kFirmwareModeP2p;
+            break;
+        case IfaceType::NAN_IFACE:
+            // NAN is exposed in STA mode currently.
+            mode = DriverTool::kFirmwareModeSta;
+            break;
+        case IfaceType::STA:
+            mode = DriverTool::kFirmwareModeSta;
+            break;
+    }
+    return mode;
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace mode_controller {
+
+WifiModeController::WifiModeController() : driver_tool_(new DriverTool) {}
+
+bool WifiModeController::isFirmwareModeChangeNeeded(IfaceType type) {
+    return driver_tool_->IsFirmwareModeChangeNeeded(convertIfaceTypeToFirmwareMode(type));
+}
+
+bool WifiModeController::initialize() {
+    if (!driver_tool_->LoadDriver()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load WiFi driver";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool WifiModeController::changeFirmwareMode(IfaceType type) {
+    if (!driver_tool_->ChangeFirmwareMode(convertIfaceTypeToFirmwareMode(type))) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to change firmware mode";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool WifiModeController::deinitialize() {
+    if (!driver_tool_->UnloadDriver()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unload WiFi driver";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace mode_controller
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_mode_controller.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_mode_controller.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a9fb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_mode_controller.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_MODE_CONTROLLER_H_
+#define WIFI_MODE_CONTROLLER_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifi.h>
+#include <wifi_hal/driver_tool.h>
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+namespace mode_controller {
+
+/**
+ * Class that encapsulates all firmware mode configuration.
+ * This class will perform the necessary firmware reloads to put the chip in the
+ * required state (essentially a wrapper over DriverTool).
+ */
+class WifiModeController {
+  public:
+    WifiModeController();
+    virtual ~WifiModeController() = default;
+
+    // Checks if a firmware mode change is necessary to support the specified
+    // iface type operations.
+    virtual bool isFirmwareModeChangeNeeded(IfaceType type);
+    virtual bool initialize();
+    // Change the firmware mode to support the specified iface type operations.
+    virtual bool changeFirmwareMode(IfaceType type);
+    // Unload the driver. This should be invoked whenever |IWifi.stop()| is
+    // invoked.
+    virtual bool deinitialize();
+
+  private:
+    std::unique_ptr<::android::wifi_hal::DriverTool> driver_tool_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace mode_controller
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_MODE_CONTROLLER_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9edef09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_nan_iface.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+
+WifiNanIface::WifiNanIface(const std::string& ifname, bool is_dedicated_iface,
+                           const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                           const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util)
+    : ifname_(ifname),
+      is_dedicated_iface_(is_dedicated_iface),
+      legacy_hal_(legacy_hal),
+      iface_util_(iface_util),
+      is_valid_(true) {}
+
+std::shared_ptr<WifiNanIface> WifiNanIface::create(
+        const std::string& ifname, bool is_dedicated_iface,
+        const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+        const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util) {
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiNanIface> ptr = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiNanIface>(
+            ifname, is_dedicated_iface, legacy_hal, iface_util);
+    if (is_dedicated_iface) {
+        // If using a dedicated iface, set the iface up first.
+        if (!iface_util.lock()->setUpState(ifname, true)) {
+            // Fatal failure, invalidate the iface object.
+            ptr->invalidate();
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiNanIface> weak_ptr_this(ptr);
+    ptr->setWeakPtr(weak_ptr_this);
+    ptr->registerCallbackHandlers();
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+void WifiNanIface::registerCallbackHandlers() {
+    // Register all the callbacks here. These should be valid for the lifetime
+    // of the object. Whenever the mode changes legacy HAL will remove
+    // all of these callbacks.
+    legacy_hal::NanCallbackHandlers callback_handlers;
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiNanIface> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+
+    // Callback for response.
+    callback_handlers.on_notify_response = [weak_ptr_this](legacy_hal::transaction_id id,
+                                                           const legacy_hal::NanResponseMsg& msg) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        NanStatus nanStatus;
+        if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanResponseHeaderToAidl(msg, &nanStatus)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan response header";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch (msg.response_type) {
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_ENABLED: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyEnableResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_DISABLED: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyDisableResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_PUBLISH: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyStartPublishResponse(id, nanStatus,
+                                                              msg.body.publish_response.publish_id)
+                                 .isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_PUBLISH_CANCEL: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyStopPublishResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyTransmitFollowupResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_SUBSCRIBE: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyStartSubscribeResponse(
+                                         id, nanStatus, msg.body.subscribe_response.subscribe_id)
+                                 .isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_SUBSCRIBE_CANCEL: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyStopSubscribeResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_CONFIG: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyConfigResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_GET_CAPABILITIES: {
+                NanCapabilities aidl_struct;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanCapabilitiesResponseToAidl(
+                            msg.body.nan_capabilities, &aidl_struct)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan capabilities response";
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyCapabilitiesResponse(id, nanStatus, aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_DP_INTERFACE_CREATE: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyCreateDataInterfaceResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_DP_INTERFACE_DELETE: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyDeleteDataInterfaceResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_DP_INITIATOR_RESPONSE: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyInitiateDataPathResponse(
+                                         id, nanStatus,
+                                         msg.body.data_request_response.ndp_instance_id)
+                                 .isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_DP_RESPONDER_RESPONSE: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyRespondToDataPathIndicationResponse(id, nanStatus)
+                                 .isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_DP_END: {
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->notifyTerminateDataPathResponse(id, nanStatus).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_BEACON_SDF_PAYLOAD:
+            /* fall through */
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_TCA:
+            /* fall through */
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_STATS:
+            /* fall through */
+            case legacy_hal::NAN_RESPONSE_ERROR:
+            /* fall through */
+            default:
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown or unhandled response type: " << msg.response_type;
+                return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_disc_eng_event = [weak_ptr_this](
+                                                        const legacy_hal::NanDiscEngEventInd& msg) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        NanClusterEventInd aidl_struct;
+        // event types defined identically - hence can be cast
+        aidl_struct.eventType = (NanClusterEventType)msg.event_type;
+        aidl_struct.addr = std::array<uint8_t, 6>();
+        std::copy(msg.data.mac_addr.addr, msg.data.mac_addr.addr + 6, std::begin(aidl_struct.addr));
+
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->eventClusterEvent(aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_disabled = [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanDisabledInd& msg) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        NanStatus status;
+        aidl_struct_util::convertToNanStatus(msg.reason, msg.nan_reason, sizeof(msg.nan_reason),
+                                             &status);
+
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->eventDisabled(status).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_publish_terminated =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanPublishTerminatedInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                NanStatus status;
+                aidl_struct_util::convertToNanStatus(msg.reason, msg.nan_reason,
+                                                     sizeof(msg.nan_reason), &status);
+
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->eventPublishTerminated(msg.publish_id, status).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_subscribe_terminated =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanSubscribeTerminatedInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                NanStatus status;
+                aidl_struct_util::convertToNanStatus(msg.reason, msg.nan_reason,
+                                                     sizeof(msg.nan_reason), &status);
+
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->eventSubscribeTerminated(msg.subscribe_id, status).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_match = [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanMatchInd& msg) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        NanMatchInd aidl_struct;
+        if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanMatchIndToAidl(msg, &aidl_struct)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan capabilities response";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->eventMatch(aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_match_expired = [weak_ptr_this](
+                                                       const legacy_hal::NanMatchExpiredInd& msg) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->eventMatchExpired(msg.publish_subscribe_id, msg.requestor_instance_id)
+                         .isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_followup = [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanFollowupInd& msg) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        NanFollowupReceivedInd aidl_struct;
+        if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanFollowupIndToAidl(msg, &aidl_struct)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan capabilities response";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->eventFollowupReceived(aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_transmit_follow_up =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanTransmitFollowupInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                NanStatus status;
+                aidl_struct_util::convertToNanStatus(msg.reason, msg.nan_reason,
+                                                     sizeof(msg.nan_reason), &status);
+
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->eventTransmitFollowup(msg.id, status).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_data_path_request =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanDataPathRequestInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                NanDataPathRequestInd aidl_struct;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanDataPathRequestIndToAidl(msg,
+                                                                                &aidl_struct)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan capabilities response";
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->eventDataPathRequest(aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_data_path_confirm =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanDataPathConfirmInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                NanDataPathConfirmInd aidl_struct;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanDataPathConfirmIndToAidl(msg,
+                                                                                &aidl_struct)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan capabilities response";
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->eventDataPathConfirm(aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_data_path_end =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanDataPathEndInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    for (int i = 0; i < msg.num_ndp_instances; ++i) {
+                        if (!callback->eventDataPathTerminated(msg.ndp_instance_id[i]).isOk()) {
+                            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_beacon_sdf_payload =
+            [](const legacy_hal::NanBeaconSdfPayloadInd& /* msg */) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "on_event_beacon_sdf_payload - should not be called";
+            };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_range_request = [](const legacy_hal::NanRangeRequestInd& /* msg */) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "on_event_range_request - should not be called";
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_range_report = [](const legacy_hal::NanRangeReportInd& /* msg */) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "on_event_range_report - should not be called";
+    };
+
+    callback_handlers.on_event_schedule_update =
+            [weak_ptr_this](const legacy_hal::NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd& msg) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd aidl_struct;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyNanDataPathScheduleUpdateIndToAidl(
+                            msg, &aidl_struct)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert nan capabilities response";
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->eventDataPathScheduleUpdate(aidl_struct).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanRegisterCallbackHandlers(ifname_, callback_handlers);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to register nan callbacks. Invalidating object";
+        invalidate();
+    }
+
+    // Register for iface state toggle events.
+    iface_util::IfaceEventHandlers event_handlers = {};
+    event_handlers.on_state_toggle_off_on = [weak_ptr_this](const std::string& /* iface_name */) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        // Tell framework that NAN has been disabled.
+        NanStatus status = {NanStatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_CONCURRENCY_NAN_DISABLED, ""};
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->eventDisabled(status).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    iface_util_.lock()->registerIfaceEventHandlers(ifname_, event_handlers);
+}
+
+void WifiNanIface::setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiNanIface> ptr) {
+    weak_ptr_this_ = ptr;
+}
+
+void WifiNanIface::invalidate() {
+    if (!isValid()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // send commands to HAL to actually disable and destroy interfaces
+    legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDisableRequest(ifname_, 0xFFFF);
+    legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataInterfaceDelete(ifname_, 0xFFFE, "aware_data0");
+    legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataInterfaceDelete(ifname_, 0xFFFD, "aware_data1");
+    iface_util_.lock()->unregisterIfaceEventHandlers(ifname_);
+    legacy_hal_.reset();
+    event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
+    is_valid_ = false;
+    if (is_dedicated_iface_) {
+        // If using a dedicated iface, set the iface down.
+        iface_util_.lock()->setUpState(ifname_, false);
+    }
+}
+
+bool WifiNanIface::isValid() {
+    return is_valid_;
+}
+
+std::string WifiNanIface::getName() {
+    return ifname_;
+}
+
+std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> WifiNanIface::getEventCallbacks() {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Using original getEventCallbacks";
+    return event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::getName(std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::getNameInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::registerEventCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::registerEventCallbackInternal, callback);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::getCapabilitiesRequest(char16_t in_cmdId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::getCapabilitiesRequestInternal, in_cmdId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::enableRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, const NanEnableRequest& in_msg1,
+                                               const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& in_msg2) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::enableRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_msg1, in_msg2);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::configRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, const NanConfigRequest& in_msg1,
+                                               const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& in_msg2) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::configRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_msg1, in_msg2);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::disableRequest(char16_t in_cmdId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::disableRequestInternal, in_cmdId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::startPublishRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                     const NanPublishRequest& in_msg) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::startPublishRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_msg);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::stopPublishRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, int8_t in_sessionId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::stopPublishRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_sessionId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::startSubscribeRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                       const NanSubscribeRequest& in_msg) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::startSubscribeRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_msg);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::stopSubscribeRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, int8_t in_sessionId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::stopSubscribeRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_sessionId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::transmitFollowupRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                         const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& in_msg) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::transmitFollowupRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_msg);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::createDataInterfaceRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                            const std::string& in_ifaceName) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::createDataInterfaceRequestInternal, in_cmdId,
+                           in_ifaceName);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::deleteDataInterfaceRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                            const std::string& in_ifaceName) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::deleteDataInterfaceRequestInternal, in_cmdId,
+                           in_ifaceName);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::initiateDataPathRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                         const NanInitiateDataPathRequest& in_msg) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::initiateDataPathRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_msg);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::respondToDataPathIndicationRequest(
+        char16_t in_cmdId, const NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest& in_msg) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::respondToDataPathIndicationRequestInternal, in_cmdId,
+                           in_msg);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::terminateDataPathRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                          int32_t in_ndpInstanceId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiNanIface::terminateDataPathRequestInternal, in_cmdId,
+                           in_ndpInstanceId);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiNanIface::getNameInternal() {
+    return {ifname_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::registerEventCallbackInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback) {
+    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(callback)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::getCapabilitiesRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->nanGetCapabilities(ifname_, cmd_id);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::enableRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                       const NanEnableRequest& msg1,
+                                                       const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& msg2) {
+    legacy_hal::NanEnableRequest legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanEnableRequestToLegacy(msg1, msg2, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanEnableRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::configRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                       const NanConfigRequest& msg1,
+                                                       const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& msg2) {
+    legacy_hal::NanConfigRequest legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanConfigRequestToLegacy(msg1, msg2, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanConfigRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::disableRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDisableRequest(ifname_, cmd_id);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::startPublishRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                             const NanPublishRequest& msg) {
+    legacy_hal::NanPublishRequest legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanPublishRequestToLegacy(msg, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanPublishRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::stopPublishRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, int8_t sessionId) {
+    legacy_hal::NanPublishCancelRequest legacy_msg;
+    legacy_msg.publish_id = sessionId;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanPublishCancelRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::startSubscribeRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                               const NanSubscribeRequest& msg) {
+    legacy_hal::NanSubscribeRequest legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanSubscribeRequestToLegacy(msg, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanSubscribeRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::stopSubscribeRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, int8_t sessionId) {
+    legacy_hal::NanSubscribeCancelRequest legacy_msg;
+    legacy_msg.subscribe_id = sessionId;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanSubscribeCancelRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::transmitFollowupRequestInternal(
+        char16_t cmd_id, const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& msg) {
+    legacy_hal::NanTransmitFollowupRequest legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanTransmitFollowupRequestToLegacy(msg, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanTransmitFollowupRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::createDataInterfaceRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                                    const std::string& iface_name) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataInterfaceCreate(ifname_, cmd_id, iface_name);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::deleteDataInterfaceRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                                    const std::string& iface_name) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataInterfaceDelete(ifname_, cmd_id, iface_name);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::initiateDataPathRequestInternal(
+        char16_t cmd_id, const NanInitiateDataPathRequest& msg) {
+    legacy_hal::NanDataPathInitiatorRequest legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanDataPathInitiatorRequestToLegacy(msg, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataRequestInitiator(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::respondToDataPathIndicationRequestInternal(
+        char16_t cmd_id, const NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest& msg) {
+    legacy_hal::NanDataPathIndicationResponse legacy_msg;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlNanDataPathIndicationResponseToLegacy(msg, &legacy_msg)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataIndicationResponse(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_msg);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiNanIface::terminateDataPathRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                                  int32_t ndpInstanceId) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->nanDataEnd(ifname_, cmd_id, ndpInstanceId);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_nan_iface.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_nan_iface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1018905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_nan_iface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_NAN_IFACE_H_
+#define WIFI_NAN_IFACE_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiNanIface.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#include "aidl_callback_util.h"
+#include "wifi_iface_util.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface object used to control a NAN Iface instance.
+ */
+class WifiNanIface : public BnWifiNanIface {
+  public:
+    WifiNanIface(const std::string& ifname, bool is_dedicated_iface,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util);
+
+    // Factory method - use instead of default constructor.
+    static std::shared_ptr<WifiNanIface> create(
+            const std::string& ifname, bool is_dedicated_iface,
+            const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+            const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util);
+
+    // Refer to |WifiChip::invalidate()|.
+    void invalidate();
+    bool isValid();
+    std::string getName();
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getName(std::string* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& in_callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCapabilitiesRequest(char16_t in_cmdId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, const NanEnableRequest& in_msg1,
+                                     const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& in_msg2) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, const NanConfigRequest& in_msg1,
+                                     const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& in_msg2) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableRequest(char16_t in_cmdId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startPublishRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                           const NanPublishRequest& in_msg) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopPublishRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, int8_t in_sessionId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startSubscribeRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                             const NanSubscribeRequest& in_msg) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopSubscribeRequest(char16_t in_cmdId, int8_t in_sessionId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus transmitFollowupRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                               const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& in_msg) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createDataInterfaceRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                  const std::string& in_ifaceName) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus deleteDataInterfaceRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                  const std::string& in_ifaceName) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus initiateDataPathRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                               const NanInitiateDataPathRequest& in_msg) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus respondToDataPathIndicationRequest(
+            char16_t in_cmdId, const NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest& in_msg) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus terminateDataPathRequest(char16_t in_cmdId,
+                                                int32_t in_ndpInstanceId) override;
+
+  protected:
+    // Accessible to child class in the gTest suite.
+    void setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiNanIface> ptr);
+    void registerCallbackHandlers();
+
+  private:
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getNameInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallbackInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCapabilitiesRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, const NanEnableRequest& msg1,
+                                             const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& msg2);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, const NanConfigRequest& msg1,
+                                             const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& msg2);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startPublishRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, const NanPublishRequest& msg);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopPublishRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, int8_t sessionId);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startSubscribeRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                     const NanSubscribeRequest& msg);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopSubscribeRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, int8_t sessionId);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus transmitFollowupRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                       const NanTransmitFollowupRequest& msg);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createDataInterfaceRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                          const std::string& iface_name);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus deleteDataInterfaceRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                          const std::string& iface_name);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus initiateDataPathRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id,
+                                                       const NanInitiateDataPathRequest& msg);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus respondToDataPathIndicationRequestInternal(
+            char16_t cmd_id, const NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest& msg);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus terminateDataPathRequestInternal(char16_t cmd_id, int32_t ndpInstanceId);
+
+    // Overridden in the gTest suite.
+    virtual std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks();
+
+    std::string ifname_;
+    bool is_dedicated_iface_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util_;
+    bool is_valid_;
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiNanIface> weak_ptr_this_;
+    aidl_callback_util::AidlCallbackHandler<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback> event_cb_handler_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiNanIface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_NAN_IFACE_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_p2p_iface.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_p2p_iface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48ec6d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_p2p_iface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_p2p_iface.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+
+WifiP2pIface::WifiP2pIface(const std::string& ifname,
+                           const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal)
+    : ifname_(ifname), legacy_hal_(legacy_hal), is_valid_(true) {}
+
+void WifiP2pIface::invalidate() {
+    legacy_hal_.reset();
+    is_valid_ = false;
+}
+
+bool WifiP2pIface::isValid() {
+    return is_valid_;
+}
+
+std::string WifiP2pIface::getName() {
+    return ifname_;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiP2pIface::getName(std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiP2pIface::getNameInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiP2pIface::getNameInternal() {
+    return {ifname_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_p2p_iface.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_p2p_iface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d17470e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_p2p_iface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_P2P_IFACE_H_
+#define WIFI_P2P_IFACE_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiP2pIface.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface object used to control a P2P Iface instance.
+ */
+class WifiP2pIface : public BnWifiP2pIface {
+  public:
+    WifiP2pIface(const std::string& ifname,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal);
+    // Refer to |WifiChip::invalidate()|.
+    void invalidate();
+    bool isValid();
+    std::string getName();
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getName(std::string* _aidl_return) override;
+
+  private:
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getNameInternal();
+
+    std::string ifname_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    bool is_valid_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiP2pIface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_P2P_IFACE_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_rtt_controller.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_rtt_controller.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..856c3cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_rtt_controller.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_rtt_controller.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+
+WifiRttController::WifiRttController(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                     const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& bound_iface,
+                                     const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal)
+    : ifname_(iface_name), bound_iface_(bound_iface), legacy_hal_(legacy_hal), is_valid_(true) {}
+
+std::shared_ptr<WifiRttController> WifiRttController::create(
+        const std::string& iface_name, const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& bound_iface,
+        const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal) {
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiRttController> ptr =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiRttController>(iface_name, bound_iface, legacy_hal);
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiRttController> weak_ptr_this(ptr);
+    ptr->setWeakPtr(weak_ptr_this);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+void WifiRttController::invalidate() {
+    legacy_hal_.reset();
+    event_callbacks_.clear();
+    is_valid_ = false;
+};
+
+bool WifiRttController::isValid() {
+    return is_valid_;
+}
+
+void WifiRttController::setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiRttController> ptr) {
+    weak_ptr_this_ = ptr;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>>
+WifiRttController::getEventCallbacks() {
+    return event_callbacks_;
+}
+
+std::string WifiRttController::getIfaceName() {
+    return ifname_;
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::getBoundIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::getBoundIfaceInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::registerEventCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>& callback) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::registerEventCallbackInternal, callback);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::rangeRequest(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                                   const std::vector<RttConfig>& in_rttConfigs) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::rangeRequestInternal, in_cmdId, in_rttConfigs);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::rangeCancel(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                                  const std::vector<MacAddress>& in_addrs) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::rangeCancelInternal, in_cmdId, in_addrs);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::getCapabilities(RttCapabilities* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::getCapabilitiesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::setLci(int32_t in_cmdId, const RttLciInformation& in_lci) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::setLciInternal, in_cmdId, in_lci);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::setLcr(int32_t in_cmdId, const RttLcrInformation& in_lcr) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::setLcrInternal, in_cmdId, in_lcr);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::getResponderInfo(RttResponder* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::getResponderInfoInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::enableResponder(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                                      const WifiChannelInfo& in_channelHint,
+                                                      int32_t in_maxDurationInSeconds,
+                                                      const RttResponder& in_info) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::enableResponderInternal, in_cmdId, in_channelHint,
+                           in_maxDurationInSeconds, in_info);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::disableResponder(int32_t in_cmdId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_INVALID,
+                           &WifiRttController::disableResponderInternal, in_cmdId);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiRttController::getBoundIfaceInternal() {
+    return {bound_iface_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::registerEventCallbackInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>& callback) {
+    event_callbacks_.emplace_back(callback);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::rangeRequestInternal(
+        int32_t cmd_id, const std::vector<RttConfig>& rtt_configs) {
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_config> legacy_configs;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlVectorOfRttConfigToLegacy(rtt_configs, &legacy_configs)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiRttController> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+    const auto& on_results_callback =
+            [weak_ptr_this](legacy_hal::wifi_request_id id,
+                            const std::vector<const legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_result*>& results) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                std::vector<RttResult> aidl_results;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyVectorOfRttResultToAidl(results,
+                                                                            &aidl_results)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert rtt results to AIDL structs";
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->onResults(id, aidl_results).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->startRttRangeRequest(
+            ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_configs, on_results_callback);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::rangeCancelInternal(int32_t cmd_id,
+                                                          const std::vector<MacAddress>& addrs) {
+    std::vector<std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN>> legacy_addrs;
+    for (const auto& addr : addrs) {
+        std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN> addr_array;
+        std::copy_n(addr.data.begin(), ETH_ALEN, addr_array.begin());
+        legacy_addrs.push_back(addr_array);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->cancelRttRangeRequest(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_addrs);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<RttCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiRttController::getCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_capabilities legacy_caps;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_caps) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getRttCapabilities(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {RttCapabilities{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    RttCapabilities aidl_caps;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyRttCapabilitiesToAidl(legacy_caps, &aidl_caps)) {
+        return {RttCapabilities{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_caps, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::setLciInternal(int32_t cmd_id, const RttLciInformation& lci) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_lci_information legacy_lci;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlRttLciInformationToLegacy(lci, &legacy_lci)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->setRttLci(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_lci);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::setLcrInternal(int32_t cmd_id, const RttLcrInformation& lcr) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_lcr_information legacy_lcr;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlRttLcrInformationToLegacy(lcr, &legacy_lcr)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->setRttLcr(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_lcr);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<RttResponder, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiRttController::getResponderInfoInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_responder legacy_responder;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_responder) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getRttResponderInfo(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {RttResponder{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    RttResponder aidl_responder;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyRttResponderToAidl(legacy_responder, &aidl_responder)) {
+        return {RttResponder{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_responder, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::enableResponderInternal(int32_t cmd_id,
+                                                              const WifiChannelInfo& channel_hint,
+                                                              int32_t max_duration_seconds,
+                                                              const RttResponder& info) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_channel_info legacy_channel_info;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlWifiChannelInfoToLegacy(channel_hint, &legacy_channel_info)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_rtt_responder legacy_responder;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlRttResponderToLegacy(info, &legacy_responder)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->enableRttResponder(
+            ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_channel_info, max_duration_seconds, legacy_responder);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiRttController::disableResponderInternal(int32_t cmd_id) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->disableRttResponder(ifname_, cmd_id);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_rtt_controller.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_rtt_controller.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db690c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_rtt_controller.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_H_
+#define WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiRttController.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiRttControllerEventCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiStaIface.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface object used to control all RTT operations.
+ */
+class WifiRttController : public BnWifiRttController {
+  public:
+    WifiRttController(const std::string& iface_name,
+                      const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& bound_iface,
+                      const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal);
+    // Factory method - use instead of default constructor.
+    static std::shared_ptr<WifiRttController> create(
+            const std::string& iface_name, const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& bound_iface,
+            const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal);
+
+    // Refer to |WifiChip::invalidate()|.
+    void invalidate();
+    bool isValid();
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks();
+    std::string getIfaceName();
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBoundIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>& callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus rangeRequest(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                    const std::vector<RttConfig>& in_rttConfigs) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus rangeCancel(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                   const std::vector<MacAddress>& in_addrs) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCapabilities(RttCapabilities* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setLci(int32_t in_cmdId, const RttLciInformation& in_lci) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setLcr(int32_t in_cmdId, const RttLcrInformation& in_lcr) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getResponderInfo(RttResponder* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableResponder(int32_t in_cmdId, const WifiChannelInfo& in_channelHint,
+                                       int32_t in_maxDurationInSeconds,
+                                       const RttResponder& in_info) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableResponder(int32_t in_cmdId) override;
+
+  private:
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getBoundIfaceInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallbackInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>& callback);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus rangeRequestInternal(int32_t cmd_id,
+                                            const std::vector<RttConfig>& rtt_configs);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus rangeCancelInternal(int32_t cmd_id, const std::vector<MacAddress>& addrs);
+    std::pair<RttCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getCapabilitiesInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setLciInternal(int32_t cmd_id, const RttLciInformation& lci);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setLcrInternal(int32_t cmd_id, const RttLcrInformation& lcr);
+    std::pair<RttResponder, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getResponderInfoInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableResponderInternal(int32_t cmd_id, const WifiChannelInfo& channel_hint,
+                                               int32_t max_duration_seconds,
+                                               const RttResponder& info);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableResponderInternal(int32_t cmd_id);
+
+    void setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiRttController> ptr);
+
+    std::string ifname_;
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> bound_iface_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttControllerEventCallback>> event_callbacks_;
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiRttController> weak_ptr_this_;
+    bool is_valid_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiRttController);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_RTT_CONTROLLER_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce90349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_sta_iface.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "aidl_return_util.h"
+#include "aidl_struct_util.h"
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using aidl_return_util::validateAndCall;
+
+WifiStaIface::WifiStaIface(const std::string& ifname,
+                           const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                           const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util)
+    : ifname_(ifname), legacy_hal_(legacy_hal), iface_util_(iface_util), is_valid_(true) {
+    // Turn on DFS channel usage for STA iface.
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->setDfsFlag(ifname_, true);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set DFS flag; DFS channels may be unavailable.";
+    }
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<WifiStaIface> WifiStaIface::create(
+        const std::string& ifname, const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+        const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util) {
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiStaIface> ptr =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiStaIface>(ifname, legacy_hal, iface_util);
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiStaIface> weak_ptr_this(ptr);
+    ptr->setWeakPtr(weak_ptr_this);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+void WifiStaIface::invalidate() {
+    legacy_hal_.reset();
+    event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
+    is_valid_ = false;
+}
+
+void WifiStaIface::setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiStaIface> ptr) {
+    weak_ptr_this_ = ptr;
+}
+
+bool WifiStaIface::isValid() {
+    return is_valid_;
+}
+
+std::string WifiStaIface::getName() {
+    return ifname_;
+}
+
+std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback>> WifiStaIface::getEventCallbacks() {
+    return event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getName(std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getNameInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::registerEventCallback(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback>& in_callback) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::registerEventCallbackInternal, in_callback);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getCapabilities(
+        IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getCapabilitiesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getApfPacketFilterCapabilities(
+        StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getApfPacketFilterCapabilitiesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::installApfPacketFilter(const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_program) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::installApfPacketFilterInternal, in_program);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::readApfPacketFilterData(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::readApfPacketFilterDataInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getBackgroundScanCapabilities(
+        StaBackgroundScanCapabilities* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getBackgroundScanCapabilitiesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getValidFrequenciesForBand(WifiBand in_band,
+                                                            std::vector<int32_t>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getValidFrequenciesForBandInternal, _aidl_return,
+                           in_band);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startBackgroundScan(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                                     const StaBackgroundScanParameters& in_params) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::startBackgroundScanInternal, in_cmdId, in_params);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::stopBackgroundScan(int32_t in_cmdId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::stopBackgroundScanInternal, in_cmdId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::enableLinkLayerStatsCollection(bool in_debug) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::enableLinkLayerStatsCollectionInternal, in_debug);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::disableLinkLayerStatsCollection() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::disableLinkLayerStatsCollectionInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getLinkLayerStats(StaLinkLayerStats* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getLinkLayerStatsInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startRssiMonitoring(int32_t in_cmdId, int32_t in_maxRssi,
+                                                     int32_t in_minRssi) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::startRssiMonitoringInternal, in_cmdId, in_maxRssi,
+                           in_minRssi);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::stopRssiMonitoring(int32_t in_cmdId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::stopRssiMonitoringInternal, in_cmdId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getRoamingCapabilities(StaRoamingCapabilities* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getRoamingCapabilitiesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::configureRoaming(const StaRoamingConfig& in_config) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::configureRoamingInternal, in_config);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::setRoamingState(StaRoamingState in_state) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::setRoamingStateInternal, in_state);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::enableNdOffload(bool in_enable) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::enableNdOffloadInternal, in_enable);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startSendingKeepAlivePackets(
+        int32_t in_cmdId, const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_ipPacketData, char16_t in_etherType,
+        const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_srcAddress, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_dstAddress,
+        int32_t in_periodInMs) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::startSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal, in_cmdId,
+                           in_ipPacketData, in_etherType, in_srcAddress, in_dstAddress,
+                           in_periodInMs);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::stopSendingKeepAlivePackets(int32_t in_cmdId) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::stopSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal, in_cmdId);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startDebugPacketFateMonitoring() {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::startDebugPacketFateMonitoringInternal);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getDebugTxPacketFates(
+        std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getDebugTxPacketFatesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getDebugRxPacketFates(
+        std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getDebugRxPacketFatesInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::setMacAddress(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_mac) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::setMacAddressInternal, in_mac);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::getFactoryMacAddress(std::array<uint8_t, 6>* _aidl_return) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::getFactoryMacAddressInternal, _aidl_return);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::setScanMode(bool in_enable) {
+    return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
+                           &WifiStaIface::setScanModeInternal, in_enable);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiStaIface::getNameInternal() {
+    return {ifname_, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::registerEventCallbackInternal(
+        const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback>& callback) {
+    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(callback)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    uint64_t legacy_feature_set;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_feature_set) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getSupportedFeatureSet(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask{},
+                createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_logger_feature_set) =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->getLoggerSupportedFeatureSet(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        // some devices don't support querying logger feature set
+        legacy_logger_feature_set = 0;
+    }
+    uint32_t aidl_caps;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyFeaturesToAidlStaCapabilities(
+                legacy_feature_set, legacy_logger_feature_set, &aidl_caps)) {
+        return {IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask{},
+                createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {static_cast<IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask>(aidl_caps),
+            ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getApfPacketFilterCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::PacketFilterCapabilities legacy_caps;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_caps) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getPacketFilterCapabilities(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities aidl_caps;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyApfCapabilitiesToAidl(legacy_caps, &aidl_caps)) {
+        return {StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_caps, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::installApfPacketFilterInternal(
+        const std::vector<uint8_t>& program) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->setPacketFilter(ifname_, program);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::readApfPacketFilterDataInternal() {
+    const std::pair<legacy_hal::wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> legacy_status_and_data =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->readApfPacketFilterData(ifname_);
+    return {std::move(legacy_status_and_data.second),
+            createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status_and_data.first)};
+}
+
+std::pair<StaBackgroundScanCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getBackgroundScanCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_gscan_capabilities legacy_caps;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_caps) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getGscanCapabilities(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {StaBackgroundScanCapabilities{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    StaBackgroundScanCapabilities aidl_caps;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyGscanCapabilitiesToAidl(legacy_caps, &aidl_caps)) {
+        return {StaBackgroundScanCapabilities{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_caps, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getValidFrequenciesForBandInternal(WifiBand band) {
+    static_assert(sizeof(WifiChannelWidthInMhz) == sizeof(int32_t), "Size mismatch");
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<uint32_t> valid_frequencies;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, valid_frequencies) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getValidFrequenciesForBand(
+            ifname_, aidl_struct_util::convertAidlWifiBandToLegacy(band));
+    return {std::vector<int32_t>(valid_frequencies.begin(), valid_frequencies.end()),
+            createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startBackgroundScanInternal(
+        int32_t cmd_id, const StaBackgroundScanParameters& params) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_scan_cmd_params legacy_params;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlGscanParamsToLegacy(params, &legacy_params)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiStaIface> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+    const auto& on_failure_callback = [weak_ptr_this](legacy_hal::wifi_request_id id) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->onBackgroundScanFailure(id).isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onBackgroundScanFailure callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    const auto& on_results_callback =
+            [weak_ptr_this](legacy_hal::wifi_request_id id,
+                            const std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_cached_scan_results>& results) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                std::vector<StaScanData> aidl_scan_datas;
+                if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyVectorOfCachedGscanResultsToAidl(
+                            results, &aidl_scan_datas)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert scan results to AIDL structs";
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->onBackgroundScanResults(id, aidl_scan_datas).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onBackgroundScanResults callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+    const auto& on_full_result_callback = [weak_ptr_this](
+                                                  legacy_hal::wifi_request_id id,
+                                                  const legacy_hal::wifi_scan_result* result,
+                                                  uint32_t buckets_scanned) {
+        const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+        if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+            return;
+        }
+        StaScanResult aidl_scan_result;
+        if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyGscanResultToAidl(*result, true, &aidl_scan_result)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert full scan results to AIDL structs";
+            return;
+        }
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            if (!callback->onBackgroundFullScanResult(id, buckets_scanned, aidl_scan_result)
+                         .isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onBackgroundFullScanResult callback";
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->startGscan(ifname_, cmd_id, legacy_params, on_failure_callback,
+                                           on_results_callback, on_full_result_callback);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::stopBackgroundScanInternal(int32_t cmd_id) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->stopGscan(ifname_, cmd_id);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::enableLinkLayerStatsCollectionInternal(bool debug) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->enableLinkLayerStats(ifname_, debug);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::disableLinkLayerStatsCollectionInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->disableLinkLayerStats(ifname_);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<StaLinkLayerStats, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiStaIface::getLinkLayerStatsInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::LinkLayerStats legacy_stats;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_stats) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getLinkLayerStats(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {StaLinkLayerStats{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    StaLinkLayerStats aidl_stats;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyLinkLayerStatsToAidl(legacy_stats, &aidl_stats)) {
+        return {StaLinkLayerStats{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_stats, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startRssiMonitoringInternal(int32_t cmd_id, int32_t max_rssi,
+                                                             int32_t min_rssi) {
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiStaIface> weak_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this_;
+    const auto& on_threshold_breached_callback =
+            [weak_ptr_this](legacy_hal::wifi_request_id id, std::array<uint8_t, ETH_ALEN> bssid,
+                            int8_t rssi) {
+                const auto shared_ptr_this = weak_ptr_this.lock();
+                if (!shared_ptr_this.get() || !shared_ptr_this->isValid()) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Callback invoked on an invalid object";
+                    return;
+                }
+                for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+                    if (!callback->onRssiThresholdBreached(id, bssid, rssi).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onRssiThresholdBreached callback";
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->startRssiMonitoring(
+            ifname_, cmd_id, max_rssi, min_rssi, on_threshold_breached_callback);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::stopRssiMonitoringInternal(int32_t cmd_id) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->stopRssiMonitoring(ifname_, cmd_id);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<StaRoamingCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getRoamingCapabilitiesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    legacy_hal::wifi_roaming_capabilities legacy_caps;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_caps) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getRoamingCapabilities(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {StaRoamingCapabilities{}, createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    StaRoamingCapabilities aidl_caps;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyRoamingCapabilitiesToAidl(legacy_caps, &aidl_caps)) {
+        return {StaRoamingCapabilities{}, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_caps, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::configureRoamingInternal(const StaRoamingConfig& config) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_roaming_config legacy_config;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertAidlRoamingConfigToLegacy(config, &legacy_config)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->configureRoaming(ifname_, legacy_config);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::setRoamingStateInternal(StaRoamingState state) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->enableFirmwareRoaming(
+            ifname_, aidl_struct_util::convertAidlRoamingStateToLegacy(state));
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::enableNdOffloadInternal(bool enable) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->configureNdOffload(ifname_, enable);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal(
+        int32_t cmd_id, const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data, char16_t ether_type,
+        const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address,
+        int32_t period_in_ms) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->startSendingOffloadedPacket(
+            ifname_, cmd_id, ether_type, ip_packet_data, src_address, dst_address, period_in_ms);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::stopSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal(int32_t cmd_id) {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
+            legacy_hal_.lock()->stopSendingOffloadedPacket(ifname_, cmd_id);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::startDebugPacketFateMonitoringInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->startPktFateMonitoring(ifname_);
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getDebugTxPacketFatesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_tx_report> legacy_fates;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_fates) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getTxPktFates(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>(),
+                createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport> aidl_fates;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyVectorOfDebugTxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_fates,
+                                                                        &aidl_fates)) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>(),
+                createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_fates, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+std::pair<std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+WifiStaIface::getDebugRxPacketFatesInternal() {
+    legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
+    std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_rx_report> legacy_fates;
+    std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_fates) = legacy_hal_.lock()->getRxPktFates(ifname_);
+    if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>(),
+                createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status)};
+    }
+    std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport> aidl_fates;
+    if (!aidl_struct_util::convertLegacyVectorOfDebugRxPacketFateToAidl(legacy_fates,
+                                                                        &aidl_fates)) {
+        return {std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>(),
+                createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {aidl_fates, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::setMacAddressInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac) {
+    bool status = iface_util_.lock()->setMacAddress(ifname_, mac);
+    if (!status) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+std::pair<std::array<uint8_t, 6>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> WifiStaIface::getFactoryMacAddressInternal() {
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac = iface_util_.lock()->getFactoryMacAddress(ifname_);
+    if (mac[0] == 0 && mac[1] == 0 && mac[2] == 0 && mac[3] == 0 && mac[4] == 0 && mac[5] == 0) {
+        return {mac, createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN)};
+    }
+    return {mac, ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()};
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus WifiStaIface::setScanModeInternal(bool enable) {
+    // OEM's need to implement this on their devices if needed.
+    LOG(WARNING) << "setScanModeInternal(" << enable << ") not supported";
+    return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_sta_iface.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_sta_iface.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ac3470
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_sta_iface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_STA_IFACE_H_
+#define WIFI_STA_IFACE_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiStaIface.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#include "aidl_callback_util.h"
+#include "wifi_iface_util.h"
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+/**
+ * AIDL interface object used to control a STA Iface instance.
+ */
+class WifiStaIface : public BnWifiStaIface {
+  public:
+    WifiStaIface(const std::string& ifname,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+                 const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util);
+
+    // Factory method - use instead of default constructor.
+    static std::shared_ptr<WifiStaIface> create(
+            const std::string& ifname, const std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal,
+            const std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util);
+
+    // Refer to |WifiChip::invalidate()|.
+    void invalidate();
+    bool isValid();
+    std::set<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks();
+    std::string getName();
+
+    // AIDL methods exposed.
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getName(std::string* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallback(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback>& in_callback) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getCapabilities(
+            IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getApfPacketFilterCapabilities(
+            StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus installApfPacketFilter(const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_program) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus readApfPacketFilterData(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getBackgroundScanCapabilities(
+            StaBackgroundScanCapabilities* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getValidFrequenciesForBand(WifiBand in_band,
+                                                  std::vector<int32_t>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startBackgroundScan(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                           const StaBackgroundScanParameters& in_params) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopBackgroundScan(int32_t in_cmdId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableLinkLayerStatsCollection(bool in_debug) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableLinkLayerStatsCollection() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getLinkLayerStats(StaLinkLayerStats* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startRssiMonitoring(int32_t in_cmdId, int32_t in_maxRssi,
+                                           int32_t in_minRssi) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopRssiMonitoring(int32_t in_cmdId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getRoamingCapabilities(StaRoamingCapabilities* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configureRoaming(const StaRoamingConfig& in_config) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setRoamingState(StaRoamingState in_state) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableNdOffload(bool in_enable) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startSendingKeepAlivePackets(int32_t in_cmdId,
+                                                    const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_ipPacketData,
+                                                    char16_t in_etherType,
+                                                    const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_srcAddress,
+                                                    const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_dstAddress,
+                                                    int32_t in_periodInMs) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopSendingKeepAlivePackets(int32_t in_cmdId) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startDebugPacketFateMonitoring() override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDebugTxPacketFates(
+            std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getDebugRxPacketFates(
+            std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMacAddress(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& in_mac) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getFactoryMacAddress(std::array<uint8_t, 6>* _aidl_return) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setScanMode(bool in_enable) override;
+
+  private:
+    // Corresponding worker functions for the AIDL methods.
+    std::pair<std::string, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getNameInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus registerEventCallbackInternal(
+            const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback>& callback);
+    std::pair<IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getCapabilitiesInternal();
+    std::pair<StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getApfPacketFilterCapabilitiesInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus installApfPacketFilterInternal(const std::vector<uint8_t>& program);
+    std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> readApfPacketFilterDataInternal();
+    std::pair<StaBackgroundScanCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getBackgroundScanCapabilitiesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<int32_t>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getValidFrequenciesForBandInternal(
+            WifiBand band);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startBackgroundScanInternal(int32_t cmd_id,
+                                                   const StaBackgroundScanParameters& params);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopBackgroundScanInternal(int32_t cmd_id);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableLinkLayerStatsCollectionInternal(bool debug);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus disableLinkLayerStatsCollectionInternal();
+    std::pair<StaLinkLayerStats, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getLinkLayerStatsInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startRssiMonitoringInternal(int32_t cmd_id, int32_t max_rssi,
+                                                   int32_t min_rssi);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopRssiMonitoringInternal(int32_t cmd_id);
+    std::pair<StaRoamingCapabilities, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getRoamingCapabilitiesInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus configureRoamingInternal(const StaRoamingConfig& config);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setRoamingStateInternal(StaRoamingState state);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus enableNdOffloadInternal(bool enable);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal(
+            int32_t cmd_id, const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data, char16_t ether_type,
+            const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address,
+            int32_t period_in_ms);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus stopSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal(int32_t cmd_id);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus startDebugPacketFateMonitoringInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getDebugTxPacketFatesInternal();
+    std::pair<std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport>, ndk::ScopedAStatus>
+    getDebugRxPacketFatesInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setMacAddressInternal(const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& mac);
+    std::pair<std::array<uint8_t, 6>, ndk::ScopedAStatus> getFactoryMacAddressInternal();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus setScanModeInternal(bool enable);
+
+    void setWeakPtr(std::weak_ptr<WifiStaIface> ptr);
+
+    std::string ifname_;
+    std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
+    std::weak_ptr<iface_util::WifiIfaceUtil> iface_util_;
+    std::weak_ptr<WifiStaIface> weak_ptr_this_;
+    bool is_valid_;
+    aidl_callback_util::AidlCallbackHandler<IWifiStaIfaceEventCallback> event_cb_handler_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiStaIface);
+};
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_STA_IFACE_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_status_util.cpp b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_status_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25ecd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_status_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_status_util.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+
+std::string legacyErrorToString(legacy_hal::wifi_error error) {
+    switch (error) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS:
+            return "SUCCESS";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED:
+            return "UNINITIALIZED";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE:
+            return "NOT_AVAILABLE";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+            return "NOT_SUPPORTED";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS:
+            return "INVALID_ARGS";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_REQUEST_ID:
+            return "INVALID_REQUEST_ID";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_TIMED_OUT:
+            return "TIMED_OUT";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS:
+            return "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
+            return "OUT_OF_MEMORY";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_BUSY:
+            return "BUSY";
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN:
+            return "UNKNOWN";
+        default:
+            return "UNKNOWN ERROR";
+    }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode code, const std::string& description) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(static_cast<int32_t>(code),
+                                                                   description.c_str());
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode code) {
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(static_cast<int32_t>(code));
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_hal::wifi_error error,
+                                                   const std::string& desc) {
+    switch (error) {
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_NONE:
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_UNINITIALIZED:
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, desc);
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, desc);
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS:
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_INVALID_REQUEST_ID:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, desc);
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_TIMED_OUT:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, desc + ", timed out");
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_TOO_MANY_REQUESTS:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, desc + ", too many requests");
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, desc + ", out of memory");
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_BUSY:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_BUSY);
+
+        case legacy_hal::WIFI_ERROR_UNKNOWN:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, "unknown");
+
+        default:
+            return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN, "unknown error");
+    }
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_hal::wifi_error error) {
+    return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(error, "");
+}
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_status_util.h b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_status_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..633811d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/wifi_status_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef WIFI_STATUS_UTIL_H_
+#define WIFI_STATUS_UTIL_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifi.h>
+
+#include "wifi_legacy_hal.h"
+
+namespace aidl {
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace wifi {
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiStatusCode;
+
+std::string legacyErrorToString(legacy_hal::wifi_error error);
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode code, const std::string& description);
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode code);
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_hal::wifi_error error,
+                                                   const std::string& description);
+ndk::ScopedAStatus createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_hal::wifi_error error);
+
+}  // namespace wifi
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+}  // namespace aidl
+
+#endif  // WIFI_STATUS_UTIL_H_
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1277182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiChipTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_chip_aidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libvndksupport",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiTargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiStaIfaceTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libvndksupport",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiTargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiApIfaceTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libvndksupport",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiTargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiNanIfaceTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libvndksupport",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiTargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiRttControllerTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_rtt_controller_aidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libvndksupport",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiTargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiTargetTestUtil",
+    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        ".",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libnativehelper",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.wifi-V1-ndk",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6722f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "wifi_aidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using ::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool;
+
+namespace {
+bool findAnyModeSupportingConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType desired_type,
+                                          const std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode>& modes,
+                                          int* mode_id) {
+    for (const auto& mode : modes) {
+        for (const auto& combination : mode.availableCombinations) {
+            for (const auto& iface_limit : combination.limits) {
+                const auto& iface_types = iface_limit.types;
+                if (std::find(iface_types.begin(), iface_types.end(), desired_type) !=
+                    iface_types.end()) {
+                    *mode_id = mode.id;
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip,
+                                                   IfaceConcurrencyType type,
+                                                   int* configured_mode_id) {
+    if (!configured_mode_id) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> chip_modes;
+    auto status = wifi_chip->getAvailableModes(&chip_modes);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!findAnyModeSupportingConcurrencyType(type, chip_modes, configured_mode_id)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!wifi_chip->configureChip(*configured_mode_id).isOk()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip,
+                                                   IfaceConcurrencyType type) {
+    int mode_id;
+    return configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(wifi_chip, type, &mode_id);
+}
+}  // namespace
+
+bool checkStatusCode(ndk::ScopedAStatus* status, WifiStatusCode expected_code) {
+    if (status == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return status->getServiceSpecificError() == static_cast<int32_t>(expected_code);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifi> getWifi(const char* instance_name) {
+    return IWifi::fromBinder(ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(instance_name)));
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> getWifiChip(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifi> wifi = getWifi(instance_name);
+    if (!wifi.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const int retry_interval_ms = 2;
+    const int max_retries = 5;
+    int retry_count = 0;
+    auto status = wifi->start();
+    while (retry_count < max_retries && !status.isOk()) {
+        retry_count++;
+        usleep(retry_interval_ms * 1000);
+        status = wifi->start();
+    }
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int> chip_ids = {};
+    status = wifi->getChipIds(&chip_ids);
+    if (!status.isOk() || chip_ids.size() == 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> chip;
+    status = wifi->getChip(chip_ids[0], &chip);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return chip;
+}
+
+void setupStaIface(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& iface) {
+    std::string iface_name;
+    auto status = iface->getName(&iface_name);
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        InterfaceTool iface_tool;
+        iface_tool.SetUpState(iface_name.c_str(), true);
+    }
+}
+
+void setupNanIface(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>& iface) {
+    std::string iface_name;
+    auto status = iface->getName(&iface_name);
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        InterfaceTool iface_tool;
+        iface_tool.SetUpState(iface_name.c_str(), true);
+    }
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(wifi_chip, IfaceConcurrencyType::STA)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip->createStaIface(&iface);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    setupStaIface(iface);
+    return iface;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(wifi_chip,
+                                                       IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip->createNanIface(&iface);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    setupNanIface(iface);
+    return iface;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (!configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(wifi_chip, IfaceConcurrencyType::AP)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip->createApIface(&iface);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return iface;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip) {
+    if (!wifi_chip.get()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    int mode_id;
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface;
+    configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(wifi_chip, IfaceConcurrencyType::AP, &mode_id);
+    auto status = wifi_chip->createBridgedApIface(&iface);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return iface;
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(instance_name);
+    return getBridgedWifiApIface(wifi_chip);
+}
+
+bool configureChipToSupportConcurrencyType(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip,
+                                           IfaceConcurrencyType type, int* configured_mode_id) {
+    return configureChipToSupportConcurrencyTypeInternal(wifi_chip, type, configured_mode_id);
+}
+
+void stopWifiService(const char* instance_name) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifi> wifi = getWifi(instance_name);
+    if (wifi != nullptr) {
+        wifi->stop();
+    }
+}
+
+int32_t getChipCapabilities(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip) {
+    IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask caps = {};
+    if (wifi_chip->getCapabilities(&caps).isOk()) {
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(caps);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad16603
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_aidl_test_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <VtsCoreUtil.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifi.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/IWifiChip.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <wifi_system/interface_tool.h>
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IfaceConcurrencyType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifi;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiApIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiChip;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiNanIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiStaIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiStatusCode;
+
+// Helper functions to obtain references to the various AIDL interface objects.
+std::shared_ptr<IWifi> getWifi(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> getWifiChip(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> getWifiStaIface(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> getWifiNanIface(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getWifiApIface(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(const char* instance_name);
+std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> getBridgedWifiApIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip);
+// Configure the chip in a mode to support the creation of the provided iface type.
+bool configureChipToSupportConcurrencyType(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip,
+                                           IfaceConcurrencyType type, int* configured_mode_id);
+// Used to trigger IWifi.stop() at the end of every test.
+void stopWifiService(const char* instance_name);
+int32_t getChipCapabilities(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip>& wifi_chip);
+bool checkStatusCode(ndk::ScopedAStatus* status, WifiStatusCode expected_code);
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0eaf660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Staache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <VtsCoreUtil.h>
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifi.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+
+#include "wifi_aidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiApIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiBand;
+
+class WifiApIfaceAidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        isBridgedSupport_ = testing::checkSubstringInCommandOutput(
+                "/system/bin/cmd wifi get-softap-supported-features",
+                "wifi_softap_bridged_ap_supported");
+        stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { stopWifiService(getInstanceName()); }
+
+  protected:
+    bool isBridgedSupport_ = false;
+    const char* getInstanceName() { return GetParam().c_str(); }
+};
+
+/*
+ * SetMacAddress
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, SetMacAddress) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac = {0x12, 0x22, 0x33, 0x52, 0x10, 0x44};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->setMacAddress(mac).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetCountryCode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, SetCountryCode) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+
+    const std::array<uint8_t, 2> country_code = {0x55, 0x53};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->setCountryCode(country_code).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetValidFrequenciesForBand
+ * Ensures that we can retrieve valid frequencies for the 2.4 GHz band.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, GetValidFrequenciesForBand) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+
+    std::vector<int32_t> freqs;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getValidFrequenciesForBand(WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ, &freqs).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(freqs.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetFactoryMacAddress
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, GetFactoryMacAddress) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getFactoryMacAddress(&mac).isOk());
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> all_zero_mac = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+    EXPECT_NE(mac, all_zero_mac);
+}
+
+/**
+ * GetBridgedInstances - non-bridged mode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, GetBridgedInstances) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+
+    std::vector<std::string> instances;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getBridgedInstances(&instances).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(instances.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/**
+ * GetBridgedInstances - bridged AP mode.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, GetBridgedInstances_Bridged) {
+    if (!isBridgedSupport_) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing Bridged AP support";
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+
+    std::vector<std::string> instances;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getBridgedInstances(&instances).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(instances.size(), 2);
+}
+
+/**
+ * ResetToFactoryMacAddress - non-bridged mode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, ResetToFactoryMacAddress) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->resetToFactoryMacAddress().isOk());
+}
+
+/**
+ * ResetToFactoryMacAddress - bridged AP mode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiApIfaceAidlTest, ResetToFactoryMacAddress_Bridged) {
+    if (!isBridgedSupport_) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing Bridged AP support";
+    }
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->resetToFactoryMacAddress().isOk());
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WifiApIfaceAidlTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(WifiTest, WifiApIfaceAidlTest,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_chip_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_chip_aidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0806ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_chip_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,889 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Staache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <numeric>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <VtsCoreUtil.h>
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifi.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiChipEventCallback.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+
+#include "wifi_aidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::BnWifiChipEventCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IfaceType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiApIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiChip;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiNanIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiP2pIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiRttController;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiBand;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiDebugRingBufferStatus;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiIfaceMode;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiRadioCombinationMatrix;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiStatusCode;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiUsableChannel;
+
+class WifiChipAidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+        wifi_chip_ = getWifiChip(getInstanceName());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_chip_.get());
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { stopWifiService(getInstanceName()); }
+
+  protected:
+    int configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType type) {
+        int mode_id;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(configureChipToSupportConcurrencyType(wifi_chip_, type, &mode_id));
+        return mode_id;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> configureChipForStaAndGetIface() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface;
+        configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createStaIface(&iface).isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+        return iface;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> configureChipForP2pAndGetIface() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> iface;
+        configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createP2pIface(&iface).isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+        return iface;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> configureChipForApAndGetIface() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface;
+        configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createApIface(&iface).isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+        return iface;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> configureChipForNanAndGetIface() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> iface;
+        configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createNanIface(&iface).isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+        return iface;
+    }
+
+    std::string getStaIfaceName(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>& iface) {
+        std::string iface_name;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        return iface_name;
+    }
+
+    std::string getP2pIfaceName(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface>& iface) {
+        std::string iface_name;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        return iface_name;
+    }
+
+    std::string getApIfaceName(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface>& iface) {
+        std::string iface_name;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        return iface_name;
+    }
+
+    std::string getNanIfaceName(const std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface>& iface) {
+        std::string iface_name;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(iface->getName(&iface_name).isOk());
+        return iface_name;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>> create2StaIfacesIfPossible() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface1 = configureChipForStaAndGetIface();
+
+        // Try create a create second iface.
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface2;
+        bool add_second_success = wifi_chip_->createStaIface(&iface2).isOk();
+        if (!add_second_success) {
+            return {iface1};
+        }
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface2.get());
+        return {iface1, iface2};
+    }
+
+    bool hasAnyRingBufferCapabilities(int32_t caps) {
+        return caps &
+               (static_cast<int32_t>(
+                        IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_CONNECT_EVENT) |
+                static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_POWER_EVENT) |
+                static_cast<int32_t>(
+                        IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_WAKELOCK_EVENT) |
+                static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_RING_BUFFER_VENDOR_DATA));
+    }
+
+    const char* getInstanceName() { return GetParam().c_str(); }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip_;
+};
+
+class WifiChipEventCallback : public BnWifiChipEventCallback {
+  public:
+    WifiChipEventCallback() = default;
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onChipReconfigureFailure(WifiStatusCode /* status */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onChipReconfigured(int /* modeId */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onDebugErrorAlert(int /* errorCode */,
+                                           const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* debugData */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onDebugRingBufferDataAvailable(
+            const WifiDebugRingBufferStatus& /* status */,
+            const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* data */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onIfaceAdded(IfaceType /* type */,
+                                      const std::string& /* name */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onIfaceRemoved(IfaceType /* type */,
+                                        const std::string& /* name */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onRadioModeChange(
+            const std::vector<RadioModeInfo>& /* radioModeInfos */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * RegisterEventCallback
+ *
+ * Note: it is not feasible to test the invocation of the callback function,
+ * since events are triggered internally in the HAL implementation and cannot be
+ * triggered from the test case.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RegisterEventCallback) {
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiChipEventCallback> callback =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiChipEventCallback>();
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, callback.get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->registerEventCallback(callback).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetCapabilities
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetCapabilities) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    EXPECT_NE(static_cast<int32_t>(caps), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetId
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetId) {
+    int id;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getId(&id).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetAvailableModes
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetAvailableModes) {
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getAvailableModes(&modes).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(modes.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetMode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetMode) {
+    int expected_mode = configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int retrieved_mode;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getMode(&retrieved_mode).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(retrieved_mode, expected_mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetUsableChannels
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetUsableChannels) {
+    WifiBand band = WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ_5GHZ_6GHZ;
+    uint32_t ifaceModeMask = static_cast<uint32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_P2P_CLIENT) |
+                             static_cast<uint32_t>(WifiIfaceMode::IFACE_MODE_P2P_GO);
+    uint32_t filterMask =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(IWifiChip::UsableChannelFilter::CELLULAR_COEXISTENCE) |
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(IWifiChip::UsableChannelFilter::CONCURRENCY);
+
+    std::vector<WifiUsableChannel> channels;
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getUsableChannels(
+            band, static_cast<WifiIfaceMode>(ifaceModeMask),
+            static_cast<IWifiChip::UsableChannelFilter>(filterMask), &channels);
+    if (checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "getUsableChannels() is not supported by vendor.";
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix) {
+    WifiRadioCombinationMatrix combination_matrix = {};
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix(&combination_matrix);
+    if (checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping this test since getSupportedRadioCombinationsMatrix() "
+                        "is not supported by vendor.";
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetCountryCode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SetCountryCode) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    std::array<uint8_t, 2> country_code = {0x55, 0x53};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->setCountryCode(country_code).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetLatencyMode_normal
+ * Tests the setLatencyMode() API with Latency mode NORMAL.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SetLatencyMode_normal) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->setLatencyMode(IWifiChip::LatencyMode::NORMAL);
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_LATENCY_MODE)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetLatencyMode_low
+ * Tests the setLatencyMode() API with Latency mode LOW.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SetLatencyMode_low) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->setLatencyMode(IWifiChip::LatencyMode::LOW);
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_LATENCY_MODE)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetMultiStaPrimaryConnection
+ *
+ * Only runs if the device supports 2 STA ifaces.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SetMultiStaPrimaryConnection) {
+    auto ifaces = create2StaIfacesIfPossible();
+    if (ifaces.size() < 2) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Device does not support more than 1 STA concurrently";
+    }
+
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->setMultiStaPrimaryConnection(getStaIfaceName(ifaces[0]));
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetMultiStaUseCase
+ *
+ * Only runs if the device supports 2 STA ifaces.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, setMultiStaUseCase) {
+    auto ifaces = create2StaIfacesIfPossible();
+    if (ifaces.size() < 2) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Device does not support more than 1 STA concurrently";
+    }
+
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->setMultiStaUseCase(
+            IWifiChip::MultiStaUseCase::DUAL_STA_TRANSIENT_PREFER_PRIMARY);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetCoexUnsafeChannels
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SetCoexUnsafeChannels) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+
+    // Test with an empty vector of CoexUnsafeChannels.
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel> vec;
+    IWifiChip::CoexRestriction restrictions = static_cast<IWifiChip::CoexRestriction>(0);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->setCoexUnsafeChannels(vec, restrictions);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+
+    // Test with a non-empty vector of CoexUnsafeChannels.
+    IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel unsafeChannel24Ghz;
+    unsafeChannel24Ghz.band = WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ;
+    unsafeChannel24Ghz.channel = 6;
+    vec.push_back(unsafeChannel24Ghz);
+    IWifiChip::CoexUnsafeChannel unsafeChannel5Ghz;
+    unsafeChannel5Ghz.band = WifiBand::BAND_5GHZ;
+    unsafeChannel5Ghz.channel = 36;
+    vec.push_back(unsafeChannel5Ghz);
+    restrictions = static_cast<IWifiChip::CoexRestriction>(
+            static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::CoexRestriction::WIFI_AWARE) |
+            static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::CoexRestriction::SOFTAP) |
+            static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::CoexRestriction::WIFI_DIRECT));
+
+    status = wifi_chip_->setCoexUnsafeChannels(vec, restrictions);
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * SelectTxPowerScenario - Body
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SelectTxPowerScenario_body) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    int32_t expected_caps =
+            static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_TX_POWER_LIMIT) |
+            static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::USE_BODY_HEAD_SAR);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_BODY_CELL_OFF);
+    if (caps & expected_caps) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * SelectTxPowerScenario - Voice Call
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, SelectTxPowerScenario_voiceCall) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->selectTxPowerScenario(IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::VOICE_CALL);
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_TX_POWER_LIMIT)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ResetTxPowerScenario
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, ResetTxPowerScenario) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->resetTxPowerScenario();
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::SET_TX_POWER_LIMIT)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ConfigureChip
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, ConfigureChip) {
+    std::vector<IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getAvailableModes(&modes).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(modes.size(), 0);
+    for (const auto& mode : modes) {
+        // configureChip() requires a fresh IWifiChip object.
+        wifi_chip_ = getWifiChip(getInstanceName());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_chip_.get());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->configureChip(mode.id).isOk());
+        stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+        // Sleep for 5 milliseconds between each wifi state toggle.
+        usleep(5000);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * RequestChipDebugInfo
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RequestChipDebugInfo) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo debug_info = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->requestChipDebugInfo(&debug_info).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(debug_info.driverDescription.size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_NE(debug_info.firmwareDescription.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * RequestFirmwareDebugDump
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RequestFirmwareDebugDump) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> debug_dump;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->requestFirmwareDebugDump(&debug_dump);
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_MEMORY_FIRMWARE_DUMP)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * RequestDriverDebugDump
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RequestDriverDebugDump) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> debug_dump;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->requestDriverDebugDump(&debug_dump);
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_MEMORY_DRIVER_DUMP)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetDebugRingBuffersStatus
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetDebugRingBuffersStatus) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus> ring_buffer_status;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getDebugRingBuffersStatus(&ring_buffer_status);
+    if (hasAnyRingBufferCapabilities(caps)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        ASSERT_NE(ring_buffer_status.size(), 0);
+        for (const auto& ring_buffer : ring_buffer_status) {
+            EXPECT_NE(ring_buffer.ringName.size(), 0);
+        }
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetDebugHostWakeReasonStats
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetDebugHostWakeReasonStats) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    WifiDebugHostWakeReasonStats wake_reason_stats = {};
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getDebugHostWakeReasonStats(&wake_reason_stats);
+    if (caps & static_cast<int32_t>(IWifiChip::ChipCapabilityMask::DEBUG_HOST_WAKE_REASON_STATS)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * StartLoggingToDebugRingBuffer
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, StartLoggingToDebugRingBuffer) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    std::string ring_name;
+    std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus> ring_buffer_status;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getDebugRingBuffersStatus(&ring_buffer_status);
+
+    if (hasAnyRingBufferCapabilities(caps)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        ASSERT_NE(ring_buffer_status.size(), 0);
+        ring_name = ring_buffer_status[0].ringName;
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+
+    status = wifi_chip_->startLoggingToDebugRingBuffer(
+            ring_name, WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel::VERBOSE, 5, 1024);
+    if (hasAnyRingBufferCapabilities(caps)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ForceDumpToDebugRingBuffer
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, ForceDumpToDebugRingBuffer) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+    int32_t caps = getChipCapabilities(wifi_chip_);
+    std::string ring_name;
+    std::vector<WifiDebugRingBufferStatus> ring_buffer_status;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getDebugRingBuffersStatus(&ring_buffer_status);
+
+    if (hasAnyRingBufferCapabilities(caps)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        ASSERT_NE(ring_buffer_status.size(), 0);
+        ring_name = ring_buffer_status[0].ringName;
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+
+    status = wifi_chip_->forceDumpToDebugRingBuffer(ring_name);
+    if (hasAnyRingBufferCapabilities(caps)) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * CreateStaIface
+ * Configures the chip in STA mode and creates an iface.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, CreateStaIface) {
+    configureChipForStaAndGetIface();
+}
+
+/*
+ * CreateApIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, CreateApIface) {
+    configureChipForApAndGetIface();
+}
+
+/*
+ * CreateNanIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, CreateNanIface) {
+    configureChipForNanAndGetIface();
+}
+
+/*
+ * CreateP2pIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, CreateP2pIface) {
+    configureChipForNanAndGetIface();
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetStaIfaceNames
+ * Configures the chip in STA mode and ensures that the iface name list is
+ * empty before creating the iface. Then create the iface and ensure that
+ * iface name is returned in the iface name list.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetStaIfaceNames) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::STA);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> iface_names;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getP2pIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createStaIface(&iface).isOk());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+
+    std::string iface_name = getStaIfaceName(iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getStaIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_name, iface_names[0]);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeStaIface(iface_name).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getStaIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetP2pIfaceNames
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetP2pIfaceNames) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::P2P);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> iface_names;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getP2pIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createP2pIface(&iface).isOk());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+
+    std::string iface_name = getP2pIfaceName(iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getP2pIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_name, iface_names[0]);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeP2pIface(iface_name).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getP2pIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetApIfaceNames
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetApIfaceNames) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::AP);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> iface_names;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getApIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createApIface(&iface).isOk());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+
+    std::string iface_name = getApIfaceName(iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getApIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_name, iface_names[0]);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeApIface(iface_name).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getApIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetNanIfaceNames
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetNanIfaceNames) {
+    configureChipForConcurrencyType(IfaceConcurrencyType::NAN_IFACE);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> iface_names;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getNanIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->createNanIface(&iface).isOk());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
+
+    std::string iface_name = getNanIfaceName(iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getNanIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_name, iface_names[0]);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeNanIface(iface_name).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getNanIfaceNames(&iface_names).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(iface_names.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetStaIface
+ * Configures the chip in STA mode and creates an iface. Then retrieves
+ * the iface object using its name and ensures that any other name
+ * doesn't retrieve a valid iface object.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetStaIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface = configureChipForStaAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getStaIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> retrieved_iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getStaIface(iface_name, &retrieved_iface).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, retrieved_iface.get());
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> invalid_iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getStaIface(invalid_name, &invalid_iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, invalid_iface.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetP2pIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetP2pIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> iface = configureChipForP2pAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getP2pIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> retrieved_iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getP2pIface(iface_name, &retrieved_iface).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, retrieved_iface.get());
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> invalid_iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getP2pIface(invalid_name, &invalid_iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, invalid_iface.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetApIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetApIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface = configureChipForApAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getApIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> retrieved_iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getApIface(iface_name, &retrieved_iface).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, retrieved_iface.get());
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> invalid_iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getApIface(invalid_name, &invalid_iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, invalid_iface.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetNanIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, GetNanIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> iface = configureChipForNanAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getNanIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> retrieved_iface;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->getNanIface(iface_name, &retrieved_iface).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(nullptr, retrieved_iface.get());
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> invalid_iface;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->getNanIface(invalid_name, &invalid_iface);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, invalid_iface.get());
+}
+
+/*
+ * RemoveStaIface
+ * Configures the chip in STA mode and creates an iface. Then removes
+ * the iface object using the correct name and ensures that any other
+ * name doesn't remove the iface.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RemoveStaIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface = configureChipForStaAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getStaIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->removeStaIface(invalid_name);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeStaIface(iface_name).isOk());
+
+    // No such iface exists now, so this should return failure.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wifi_chip_->removeStaIface(iface_name).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * RemoveP2pIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RemoveP2pIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiP2pIface> iface = configureChipForP2pAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getP2pIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->removeP2pIface(invalid_name);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeP2pIface(iface_name).isOk());
+
+    // No such iface exists now, so this should return failure.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wifi_chip_->removeP2pIface(iface_name).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * RemoveApIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RemoveApIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> iface = configureChipForApAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getApIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->removeApIface(invalid_name);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeApIface(iface_name).isOk());
+
+    // No such iface exists now, so this should return failure.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wifi_chip_->removeApIface(iface_name).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * RemoveNanIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, RemoveNanIface) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> iface = configureChipForNanAndGetIface();
+    std::string iface_name = getNanIfaceName(iface);
+
+    std::string invalid_name = iface_name + "0";
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->removeNanIface(invalid_name);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip_->removeNanIface(iface_name).isOk());
+
+    // No such iface exists now, so this should return failure.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wifi_chip_->removeNanIface(iface_name).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * CreateRttController
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, CreateRttController) {
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface = configureChipForStaAndGetIface();
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController> rtt_controller;
+    auto status = wifi_chip_->createRttController(iface, &rtt_controller);
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, rtt_controller.get());
+    } else {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * CreateBridgedApIface & RemoveIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIface
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiChipAidlTest, CreateBridgedApIfaceAndremoveIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIfaceTest) {
+    bool isBridgedSupport = testing::checkSubstringInCommandOutput(
+            "/system/bin/cmd wifi get-softap-supported-features",
+            "wifi_softap_bridged_ap_supported");
+    if (!isBridgedSupport) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Missing Bridged AP support";
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(getInstanceName());
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_chip.get());
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiApIface> wifi_ap_iface = getBridgedWifiApIface(wifi_chip);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_ap_iface.get());
+
+    std::string br_name;
+    std::vector<std::string> instances;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getName(&br_name).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getBridgedInstances(&instances).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(instances.size(), 2);
+
+    std::vector<std::string> instances_after_remove;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip->removeIfaceInstanceFromBridgedApIface(br_name, instances[0]).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_ap_iface->getBridgedInstances(&instances_after_remove).isOk());
+    EXPECT_EQ(instances_after_remove.size(), 1);
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WifiChipAidlTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(WifiTest, WifiChipAidlTest,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..457d57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Staache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <VtsCoreUtil.h>
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifi.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/NanBandIndex.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+
+#include "wifi_aidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::BnWifiNanIfaceEventCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiNanIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanBandIndex;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanBandSpecificConfig;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanCapabilities;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanClusterEventInd;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanConfigRequest;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanConfigRequestSupplemental;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanDataPathConfirmInd;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanDataPathRequestInd;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanDataPathSecurityType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanEnableRequest;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanFollowupReceivedInd;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanInitiateDataPathRequest;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanMatchAlg;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanMatchInd;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanPublishRequest;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanPublishType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanStatus;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanStatusCode;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::NanTxType;
+
+#define TIMEOUT_PERIOD 10
+
+class WifiNanIfaceAidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        if (!::testing::deviceSupportsFeature("android.hardware.wifi.aware"))
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping this test since NAN is not supported.";
+        stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+
+        wifi_nan_iface_ = getWifiNanIface(getInstanceName());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_nan_iface_.get());
+        std::shared_ptr<WifiNanIfaceEventCallback> callback =
+                ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiNanIfaceEventCallback>(*this);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_nan_iface_->registerEventCallback(callback).isOk());
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { stopWifiService(getInstanceName()); }
+
+    // Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callbacks.
+    inline void notify() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+        count_++;
+        cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    enum CallbackType {
+        INVALID = -2,
+        ANY_CALLBACK = -1,
+
+        NOTIFY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE = 0,
+        NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_DISABLE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_START_PUBLISH_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_STOP_PUBLISH_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_START_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_STOP_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_CREATE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_DELETE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_INITIATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_RESPOND_TO_DATA_PATH_INDICATION_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_TERMINATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE,
+
+        EVENT_CLUSTER_EVENT,
+        EVENT_DISABLED,
+        EVENT_PUBLISH_TERMINATED,
+        EVENT_SUBSCRIBE_TERMINATED,
+        EVENT_MATCH,
+        EVENT_MATCH_EXPIRED,
+        EVENT_FOLLOWUP_RECEIVED,
+        EVENT_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_REQUEST,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_CONFIRM,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_TERMINATED,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_SCHEDULE_UPDATE,
+    };
+
+    // Test code calls this function to wait for data/event callback.
+    // Must set callbackType = INVALID before calling this function.
+    inline std::cv_status wait(CallbackType waitForCallbackType) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+        EXPECT_NE(INVALID, waitForCallbackType);
+
+        std::cv_status status = std::cv_status::no_timeout;
+        auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        while (count_ == 0) {
+            status = cv_.wait_until(lock, now + std::chrono::seconds(TIMEOUT_PERIOD));
+            if (status == std::cv_status::timeout) return status;
+            if (waitForCallbackType != ANY_CALLBACK && callback_type_ != INVALID &&
+                callback_type_ != waitForCallbackType) {
+                count_--;
+            }
+        }
+        count_--;
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    class WifiNanIfaceEventCallback : public BnWifiNanIfaceEventCallback {
+      public:
+        WifiNanIfaceEventCallback(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest& parent) : parent_(parent){};
+
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventClusterEvent(const NanClusterEventInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_CLUSTER_EVENT;
+            parent_.nan_cluster_event_ind_ = event;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventDataPathConfirm(const NanDataPathConfirmInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_DATA_PATH_CONFIRM;
+            parent_.nan_data_path_confirm_ind_ = event;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventDataPathRequest(const NanDataPathRequestInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_DATA_PATH_REQUEST;
+            parent_.nan_data_path_request_ind_ = event;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventDataPathScheduleUpdate(
+                const NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_DATA_PATH_SCHEDULE_UPDATE;
+            parent_.nan_data_path_schedule_update_ind_ = event;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventDataPathTerminated(int32_t ndpInstanceId) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_DATA_PATH_TERMINATED;
+            parent_.ndp_instance_id_ = ndpInstanceId;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventDisabled(const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_DISABLED;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventFollowupReceived(const NanFollowupReceivedInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_FOLLOWUP_RECEIVED;
+            parent_.nan_followup_received_ind_ = event;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventMatch(const NanMatchInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_MATCH;
+            parent_.nan_match_ind_ = event;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventMatchExpired(int8_t discoverySessionId, int32_t peerId) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_MATCH_EXPIRED;
+            parent_.session_id_ = discoverySessionId;
+            parent_.peer_id_ = peerId;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventPublishTerminated(int8_t sessionId,
+                                                    const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_PUBLISH_TERMINATED;
+            parent_.session_id_ = sessionId;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventSubscribeTerminated(int8_t sessionId,
+                                                      const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_SUBSCRIBE_TERMINATED;
+            parent_.session_id_ = sessionId;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus eventTransmitFollowup(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = EVENT_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyCapabilitiesResponse(
+                char16_t id, const NanStatus& status,
+                const NanCapabilities& capabilities) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.capabilities_ = capabilities;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyConfigResponse(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyCreateDataInterfaceResponse(char16_t id,
+                                                               const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_CREATE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyDeleteDataInterfaceResponse(char16_t id,
+                                                               const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_DELETE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyDisableResponse(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_DISABLE_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyEnableResponse(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyInitiateDataPathResponse(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status,
+                                                            int32_t ndpInstanceId) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_INITIATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.ndp_instance_id_ = ndpInstanceId;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyRespondToDataPathIndicationResponse(
+                char16_t id, const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_RESPOND_TO_DATA_PATH_INDICATION_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyStartPublishResponse(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status,
+                                                        int8_t sessionId) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_START_PUBLISH_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.session_id_ = sessionId;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyStartSubscribeResponse(char16_t id, const NanStatus& status,
+                                                          int8_t sessionId) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_START_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.session_id_ = sessionId;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyStopPublishResponse(char16_t id,
+                                                       const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_STOP_PUBLISH_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyStopSubscribeResponse(char16_t id,
+                                                         const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_STOP_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyTerminateDataPathResponse(char16_t id,
+                                                             const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_TERMINATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+        ::ndk::ScopedAStatus notifyTransmitFollowupResponse(char16_t id,
+                                                            const NanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callback_type_ = NOTIFY_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP_RESPONSE;
+            parent_.id_ = id;
+            parent_.status_ = status;
+            parent_.notify();
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+        }
+
+      private:
+        WifiNanIfaceAidlTest& parent_;
+    };
+
+  protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiNanIface> wifi_nan_iface_;
+    CallbackType callback_type_;
+    uint16_t id_;
+    uint8_t session_id_;
+    uint32_t ndp_instance_id_;
+    uint32_t peer_id_;
+    NanCapabilities capabilities_;
+    NanClusterEventInd nan_cluster_event_ind_;
+    NanDataPathConfirmInd nan_data_path_confirm_ind_;
+    NanDataPathRequestInd nan_data_path_request_ind_;
+    NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd nan_data_path_schedule_update_ind_;
+    NanFollowupReceivedInd nan_followup_received_ind_;
+    NanMatchInd nan_match_ind_;
+    NanStatus status_;
+
+    const char* getInstanceName() { return GetParam().c_str(); }
+
+  private:
+    // synchronization objects
+    std::mutex mtx_;
+    std::condition_variable cv_;
+    int count_ = 0;
+};
+
+/*
+ * FailOnIfaceInvalid
+ * Ensure that API calls to an interface fail with code ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID
+ * after wifi is disabled.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, FailOnIfaceInvalid) {
+    stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+    sleep(5);  // Ensure that all chips/interfaces are invalidated.
+    auto status = wifi_nan_iface_->getCapabilitiesRequest(0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID));
+}
+
+/*
+ * EnableRequest - Invalid Args
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, EnableRequest_InvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    callback_type_ = INVALID;
+    NanEnableRequest nanEnableRequest = {};
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    auto status =
+            wifi_nan_iface_->enableRequest(inputCmdId, nanEnableRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp);
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        // Wait for a callback.
+        ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE));
+        ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE, callback_type_);
+        ASSERT_EQ(id_, inputCmdId);
+        ASSERT_EQ(status_.status, NanStatusCode::INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ConfigRequest - Invalid Args
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, ConfigRequest_InvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    callback_type_ = INVALID;
+    NanConfigRequest nanConfigRequest = {};
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    auto status =
+            wifi_nan_iface_->configRequest(inputCmdId, nanConfigRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp);
+
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        // Wait for a callback.
+        ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE));
+        ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE, callback_type_);
+        ASSERT_EQ(id_, inputCmdId);
+        ASSERT_EQ(status_.status, NanStatusCode::INVALID_ARGS);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * EnableRequest - Invalid Args in Shim Conversion
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, EnableRequest_InvalidShimArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanEnableRequest nanEnableRequest = {};
+    nanEnableRequest.configParams.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon = -15;  // must be > 0
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    auto status =
+            wifi_nan_iface_->enableRequest(inputCmdId, nanEnableRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp);
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * ConfigRequest - Invalid Args in Shim Conversion
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, ConfigRequest_InvalidShimArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanConfigRequest nanConfigRequest = {};
+    nanConfigRequest.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon = -15;  // must be > 0
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    auto status =
+            wifi_nan_iface_->configRequest(inputCmdId, nanConfigRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp);
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * NotifyCapabilitiesResponse
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, NotifyCapabilitiesResponse) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    callback_type_ = INVALID;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_nan_iface_->getCapabilitiesRequest(inputCmdId).isOk());
+
+    // Wait for a callback.
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE, callback_type_);
+    ASSERT_EQ(id_, inputCmdId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status_.status, NanStatusCode::SUCCESS);
+
+    // Check for reasonable capability values.
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxConcurrentClusters, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxPublishes, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxSubscribes, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(capabilities_.maxServiceNameLen, 255);
+    EXPECT_EQ(capabilities_.maxMatchFilterLen, 255);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxTotalMatchFilterLen, 255);
+    EXPECT_EQ(capabilities_.maxServiceSpecificInfoLen, 255);
+    EXPECT_GE(capabilities_.maxExtendedServiceSpecificInfoLen, 255);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxNdiInterfaces, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxNdpSessions, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxAppInfoLen, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxQueuedTransmitFollowupMsgs, 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(capabilities_.maxSubscribeInterfaceAddresses, 0);
+    EXPECT_NE(static_cast<int32_t>(capabilities_.supportedCipherSuites), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * StartPublishRequest
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, StartPublishRequest) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanBandSpecificConfig config24 = {};
+    config24.rssiClose = 60;
+    config24.rssiMiddle = 70;
+    config24.rssiCloseProximity = 60;
+    config24.dwellTimeMs = 200;
+    config24.scanPeriodSec = 20;
+    config24.validDiscoveryWindowIntervalVal = false;
+    config24.discoveryWindowIntervalVal = 0;
+
+    NanBandSpecificConfig config5 = {};
+    config5.rssiClose = 60;
+    config5.rssiMiddle = 75;
+    config5.rssiCloseProximity = 60;
+    config5.dwellTimeMs = 200;
+    config5.scanPeriodSec = 20;
+    config5.validDiscoveryWindowIntervalVal = false;
+    config5.discoveryWindowIntervalVal = 0;
+
+    NanEnableRequest req = {};
+    req.operateInBand[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ)] = true;
+    req.operateInBand[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ)] = false;
+    req.hopCountMax = 2;
+    req.configParams.masterPref = 0;
+    req.configParams.disableDiscoveryAddressChangeIndication = true;
+    req.configParams.disableStartedClusterIndication = true;
+    req.configParams.disableJoinedClusterIndication = true;
+    req.configParams.includePublishServiceIdsInBeacon = true;
+    req.configParams.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon = 0;
+    req.configParams.includeSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon = true;
+    req.configParams.numberOfSubscribeServiceIdsInBeacon = 0;
+    req.configParams.rssiWindowSize = 8;
+    req.configParams.macAddressRandomizationIntervalSec = 1800;
+    req.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ)] =
+            config24;
+    req.configParams.bandSpecificConfig[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ)] =
+            config5;
+
+    req.debugConfigs.validClusterIdVals = true;
+    req.debugConfigs.clusterIdTopRangeVal = 65535;
+    req.debugConfigs.clusterIdBottomRangeVal = 0;
+    req.debugConfigs.validIntfAddrVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.validOuiVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.ouiVal = 0;
+    req.debugConfigs.validRandomFactorForceVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.randomFactorForceVal = 0;
+    req.debugConfigs.validHopCountForceVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.hopCountForceVal = 0;
+    req.debugConfigs.validDiscoveryChannelVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.discoveryChannelMhzVal[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ)] = 0;
+    req.debugConfigs.discoveryChannelMhzVal[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ)] = 0;
+    req.debugConfigs.validUseBeaconsInBandVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.useBeaconsInBandVal[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ)] = true;
+    req.debugConfigs.useBeaconsInBandVal[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ)] = true;
+    req.debugConfigs.validUseSdfInBandVal = false;
+    req.debugConfigs.useSdfInBandVal[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_24GHZ)] = true;
+    req.debugConfigs.useSdfInBandVal[static_cast<int32_t>(NanBandIndex::NAN_BAND_5GHZ)] = true;
+
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    nanConfigRequestSupp.discoveryBeaconIntervalMs = 20;
+    nanConfigRequestSupp.numberOfSpatialStreamsInDiscovery = 0;
+    nanConfigRequestSupp.enableDiscoveryWindowEarlyTermination = false;
+
+    callback_type_ = INVALID;
+    auto status = wifi_nan_iface_->enableRequest(inputCmdId, req, nanConfigRequestSupp);
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        // Wait for a callback.
+        ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE));
+        ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE, callback_type_);
+        ASSERT_EQ(id_, inputCmdId);
+        ASSERT_EQ(status_.status, NanStatusCode::SUCCESS);
+    }
+
+    NanPublishRequest nanPublishRequest = {};
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.sessionId = 0;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.ttlSec = 0;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.discoveryWindowPeriod = 1;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.discoveryCount = 0;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.serviceName = {97};
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.discoveryMatchIndicator = NanMatchAlg::MATCH_NEVER;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.useRssiThreshold = false;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.disableDiscoveryTerminationIndication = false;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.disableMatchExpirationIndication = true;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.disableFollowupReceivedIndication = false;
+    nanPublishRequest.baseConfigs.securityConfig.securityType = NanDataPathSecurityType::OPEN;
+    nanPublishRequest.autoAcceptDataPathRequests = false;
+    nanPublishRequest.publishType = NanPublishType::UNSOLICITED;
+    nanPublishRequest.txType = NanTxType::BROADCAST;
+
+    status = wifi_nan_iface_->startPublishRequest(inputCmdId + 1, nanPublishRequest);
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        // Wait for a callback.
+        ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_START_PUBLISH_RESPONSE));
+        ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_START_PUBLISH_RESPONSE, callback_type_);
+        ASSERT_EQ(id_, inputCmdId + 1);
+        ASSERT_EQ(status_.status, NanStatusCode::SUCCESS);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * RespondToDataPathIndicationRequest - Invalid Args
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, RespondToDataPathIndicationRequest_InvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    callback_type_ = INVALID;
+    NanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest nanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest = {};
+    nanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest.ifaceName = "AwareInterfaceNameTooLong";
+    auto status = wifi_nan_iface_->respondToDataPathIndicationRequest(
+            inputCmdId, nanRespondToDataPathIndicationRequest);
+
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(),
+                  static_cast<int32_t>(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * InitiateDataPathRequest - Invalid Args
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest, InitiateDataPathRequest_InvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    callback_type_ = INVALID;
+    NanInitiateDataPathRequest nanInitiateDataPathRequest = {};
+    nanInitiateDataPathRequest.ifaceName = "AwareInterfaceNameTooLong";
+    auto status = wifi_nan_iface_->initiateDataPathRequest(inputCmdId, nanInitiateDataPathRequest);
+
+    if (!checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(),
+                  static_cast<int32_t>(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS));
+    }
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WifiNanIfaceAidlTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(WifiTest, WifiNanIfaceAidlTest,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_rtt_controller_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_rtt_controller_aidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d763fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_rtt_controller_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Staache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <VtsCoreUtil.h>
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifi.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifiRttControllerEventCallback.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+
+#include "wifi_aidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::BnWifiRttControllerEventCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiRttController;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttBw;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttCapabilities;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttConfig;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttPeerType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttPreamble;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttResponder;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttResult;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::RttType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiChannelInfo;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiChannelWidthInMhz;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiStatusCode;
+
+class WifiRttControllerAidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        if (!::testing::deviceSupportsFeature("android.hardware.wifi.rtt"))
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping this test since RTT is not supported.";
+        stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+        wifi_rtt_controller_ = getWifiRttController();
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_rtt_controller_.get());
+
+        // Check RTT support before we run the test.
+        RttCapabilities caps = {};
+        auto status = wifi_rtt_controller_->getCapabilities(&caps);
+        if (checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED)) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping this test since RTT is not supported.";
+        }
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { stopWifiService(getInstanceName()); }
+
+  protected:
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController> getWifiRttController() {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(getInstanceName());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, wifi_chip.get());
+
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> wifi_sta_iface = getWifiStaIface(getInstanceName());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, wifi_sta_iface.get());
+
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController> rtt_controller;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_chip->createRttController(wifi_sta_iface, &rtt_controller).isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, rtt_controller.get());
+        return rtt_controller;
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiRttController> wifi_rtt_controller_;
+
+  private:
+    const char* getInstanceName() { return GetParam().c_str(); }
+};
+
+class WifiRttControllerEventCallback : public BnWifiRttControllerEventCallback {
+  public:
+    WifiRttControllerEventCallback() = default;
+
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onResults(int /* cmdId */,
+                                   const std::vector<RttResult>& /* results */) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * RegisterEventCallback
+ *
+ * Note: it is not feasible to test the invocation of the callback function,
+ * since events are triggered internally in the HAL implementation and cannot be
+ * triggered from the test case.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiRttControllerAidlTest, RegisterEventCallback) {
+    std::shared_ptr<WifiRttControllerEventCallback> callback =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<WifiRttControllerEventCallback>();
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, callback.get());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->registerEventCallback(callback).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetCapabilities
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiRttControllerAidlTest, GetCapabilities) {
+    RttCapabilities caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->getCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetResponderInfo
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiRttControllerAidlTest, GetResponderInfo) {
+    RttResponder responder = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->getResponderInfo(&responder).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * EnableResponder
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiRttControllerAidlTest, EnableResponder) {
+    int cmdId = 55;
+    WifiChannelInfo channelInfo;
+    channelInfo.width = WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80;
+    channelInfo.centerFreq = 5660;
+    channelInfo.centerFreq0 = 5660;
+    channelInfo.centerFreq1 = 0;
+
+    RttResponder responder = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->getResponderInfo(&responder).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->enableResponder(cmdId, channelInfo, 10, responder).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * Request2SidedRangeMeasurement
+ * Tests the two sided ranging - 802.11mc FTM protocol.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiRttControllerAidlTest, Request2SidedRangeMeasurement) {
+    RttCapabilities caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->getCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+    if (!caps.rttFtmSupported) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping two sided RTT since driver/fw does not support";
+    }
+
+    RttConfig config;
+    config.addr = {{0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05}};
+    config.type = RttType::TWO_SIDED;
+    config.peer = RttPeerType::AP;
+    config.channel.width = WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80;
+    config.channel.centerFreq = 5180;
+    config.channel.centerFreq0 = 5210;
+    config.channel.centerFreq1 = 0;
+    config.bw = RttBw::BW_20MHZ;
+    config.preamble = RttPreamble::HT;
+    config.mustRequestLci = false;
+    config.mustRequestLcr = false;
+    config.burstPeriod = 0;
+    config.numBurst = 0;
+    config.numFramesPerBurst = 8;
+    config.numRetriesPerRttFrame = 0;
+    config.numRetriesPerFtmr = 0;
+    config.burstDuration = 9;
+
+    int cmdId = 55;
+    std::vector<RttConfig> configs = {config};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->rangeRequest(cmdId, configs).isOk());
+
+    // Sleep for 2 seconds to wait for driver/firmware to complete RTT.
+    sleep(2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * RangeRequest
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiRttControllerAidlTest, RangeRequest) {
+    RttCapabilities caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->getCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+    if (!caps.rttOneSidedSupported) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping one sided RTT since driver/fw does not support";
+    }
+
+    // Get the highest supported preamble.
+    int preamble = 1;
+    int caps_preamble_support = static_cast<int>(caps.preambleSupport);
+    caps_preamble_support >>= 1;
+    while (caps_preamble_support != 0) {
+        caps_preamble_support >>= 1;
+        preamble <<= 1;
+    }
+
+    RttConfig config;
+    config.addr = {{0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05}};
+    config.type = RttType::ONE_SIDED;
+    config.peer = RttPeerType::AP;
+    config.channel.width = WifiChannelWidthInMhz::WIDTH_80;
+    config.channel.centerFreq = 5765;
+    config.channel.centerFreq0 = 5775;
+    config.channel.centerFreq1 = 0;
+    config.bw = RttBw::BW_80MHZ;
+    config.preamble = static_cast<RttPreamble>(preamble);
+    config.mustRequestLci = false;
+    config.mustRequestLcr = false;
+    config.burstPeriod = 0;
+    config.numBurst = 0;
+    config.numFramesPerBurst = 8;
+    config.numRetriesPerRttFrame = 3;
+    config.numRetriesPerFtmr = 3;
+    config.burstDuration = 9;
+
+    int cmdId = 55;
+    std::vector<RttConfig> configs = {config};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_rtt_controller_->rangeRequest(cmdId, configs).isOk());
+
+    // Sleep for 2 seconds to wait for driver/firmware to complete RTT.
+    sleep(2);
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WifiRttControllerAidlTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(WifiTest, WifiRttControllerAidlTest,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef7e274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/aidl/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Staache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <VtsCoreUtil.h>
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/wifi/BnWifi.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_status.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+
+#include "wifi_aidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifi;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::IWifiStaIface;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::MacAddress;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::Ssid;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::StaBackgroundScanCapabilities;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::StaLinkLayerStats;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::StaRoamingCapabilities;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::StaRoamingConfig;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::StaRoamingState;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiBand;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport;
+using aidl::android::hardware::wifi::WifiStatusCode;
+
+class WifiStaIfaceAidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        stopWifiService(getInstanceName());
+        wifi_sta_iface_ = getWifiStaIface(getInstanceName());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, wifi_sta_iface_.get());
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override { stopWifiService(getInstanceName()); }
+
+  protected:
+    bool isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask expected) {
+        IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask caps = {};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(caps) & static_cast<uint32_t>(expected);
+    }
+
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createStaIface(std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface>* sta_iface) {
+        std::shared_ptr<IWifiChip> wifi_chip = getWifiChip(getInstanceName());
+        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, wifi_chip.get());
+        return wifi_chip->createStaIface(sta_iface);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> wifi_sta_iface_;
+
+  private:
+    const char* getInstanceName() { return GetParam().c_str(); }
+};
+
+/*
+ * GetFactoryMacAddress
+ * Ensures that calls to getFactoryMacAddress will retrieve a non-zero MAC.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, GetFactoryMacAddress) {
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getFactoryMacAddress(&mac).isOk());
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> all_zero_mac = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+    EXPECT_NE(mac, all_zero_mac);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetCapabilities
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, GetCapabilities) {
+    IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(static_cast<int32_t>(caps), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetApfPacketFilterCapabilities
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, GetApfPacketFilterCapabilities) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::APF)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "APF packet filter capabilities are not supported.";
+    }
+    StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities apf_caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getApfPacketFilterCapabilities(&apf_caps).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetBackgroundScanCapabilities
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, GetBackgroundScanCapabilities) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::BACKGROUND_SCAN)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Background scan capabilities are not supported.";
+    }
+    StaBackgroundScanCapabilities caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getBackgroundScanCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetValidFrequenciesForBand
+ * Ensures that we can retrieve valid frequencies for the 2.4 GHz band.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, GetValidFrequenciesForBand) {
+    std::vector<int> freqs;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getValidFrequenciesForBand(WifiBand::BAND_24GHZ, &freqs).isOk());
+    EXPECT_NE(freqs.size(), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * GetLinkLayerStats
+ * Ensures that calls to getLinkLayerStats will retrieve a non-empty
+ * StaLinkLayerStats after link layer stats collection is enabled.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, GetLinkLayerStats) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::LINK_LAYER_STATS)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping this test since link layer stats are not supported.";
+    }
+
+    // Enable link layer stats collection.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->enableLinkLayerStatsCollection(true).isOk());
+
+    // Retrieve link layer stats.
+    StaLinkLayerStats link_layer_stats = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getLinkLayerStats(&link_layer_stats).isOk());
+    EXPECT_GT(link_layer_stats.timeStampInMs, 0);
+
+    // Try to create a 2nd iface. If successful, it should fill the duty cycle field.
+    std::shared_ptr<IWifiStaIface> iface;
+    auto status = createStaIface(&iface);
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_GT(link_layer_stats.iface.timeSliceDutyCycleInPercent, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Disable link layer stats collection.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->disableLinkLayerStatsCollection().isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetMacAddress
+ * Ensures that calls to setMacAddress will return successfully.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, SetMacAddress) {
+    std::array<uint8_t, 6> mac = {0x12, 0x22, 0x33, 0x52, 0x10, 0x41};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->setMacAddress(mac).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetScanMode
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, SetScanMode) {
+    auto status = wifi_sta_iface_->setScanMode(true);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk() || checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+
+    status = wifi_sta_iface_->setScanMode(false);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk() || checkStatusCode(&status, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED));
+}
+
+/*
+ * LinkLayerStatsCollection
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, LinkLayerStatsCollection) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::LINK_LAYER_STATS)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Link layer stats collection is not supported.";
+    }
+
+    // Enable link layer stats collection.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->enableLinkLayerStatsCollection(true).isOk());
+
+    // Retrieve link layer stats.
+    StaLinkLayerStats link_layer_stats = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getLinkLayerStats(&link_layer_stats).isOk());
+
+    // Disable link layer stats collection.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->disableLinkLayerStatsCollection().isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * RSSIMonitoring
+ * Ensures that calls to startRssiMonitoring and stopRssiMonitoring will fail
+ * if the device is not connected to an AP.
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, RSSIMonitoring) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::RSSI_MONITOR)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "RSSI monitoring is not supported.";
+    }
+
+    const int cmd = 1;
+    const int maxRssi = -50;
+    const int minRssi = -90;
+    // Expected to fail because device is not connected to an AP.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wifi_sta_iface_->startRssiMonitoring(cmd, maxRssi, minRssi).isOk());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wifi_sta_iface_->stopRssiMonitoring(cmd).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * RoamingControl
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, RoamingControl) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::CONTROL_ROAMING)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Roaming control is not supported.";
+    }
+
+    // Retrieve roaming capabilities.
+    StaRoamingCapabilities caps = {};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getRoamingCapabilities(&caps).isOk());
+
+    // Set up roaming configuration based on roaming capabilities.
+    StaRoamingConfig roaming_config = {};
+    if (caps.maxBlocklistSize > 0) {
+        MacAddress block_list_entry;
+        block_list_entry.data = std::array<uint8_t, 6>{{0x11, 0x22, 0x33, 0x44, 0x55, 0x66}};
+        roaming_config.bssidBlocklist = {block_list_entry};
+    }
+    if (caps.maxAllowlistSize > 0) {
+        Ssid allow_list_entry = {};
+        allow_list_entry.data = std::array<uint8_t, 32>{{0x77, 0x88, 0x99, 0xAA, 0xBB, 0xCC}};
+        roaming_config.ssidAllowlist = {allow_list_entry};
+    }
+
+    // Configure roaming.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->configureRoaming(roaming_config).isOk());
+
+    // Enable roaming.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->setRoamingState(StaRoamingState::ENABLED).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * EnableNDOffload
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, EnableNDOffload) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::ND_OFFLOAD)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "ND offload is not supported.";
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->enableNdOffload(true).isOk());
+}
+
+/*
+ * PacketFateMonitoring
+ */
+TEST_P(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest, PacketFateMonitoring) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::DEBUG_PACKET_FATE)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Packet fate monitoring is not supported.";
+    }
+
+    // Start packet fate monitoring.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->startDebugPacketFateMonitoring().isOk());
+
+    // Retrieve packets.
+    std::vector<WifiDebugRxPacketFateReport> rx_reports;
+    std::vector<WifiDebugTxPacketFateReport> tx_reports;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getDebugRxPacketFates(&rx_reports).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wifi_sta_iface_->getDebugTxPacketFates(&tx_reports).isOk());
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(WifiStaIfaceAidlTest);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(WifiTest, WifiStaIfaceAidlTest,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IWifi::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.supplicant/current/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.supplicant/current/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl
index 25a09b4..c7dd584 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.supplicant/current/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.wifi.supplicant/current/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl
@@ -63,4 +63,5 @@
   oneway void onWpsEventSuccess();
   oneway void onQosPolicyReset();
   oneway void onQosPolicyRequest(in int qosPolicyRequestId, in android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.QosPolicyData[] qosPolicyData);
+  oneway void onStateChangedWithAkm(in android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.StaIfaceCallbackState newState, in byte[] bssid, in int id, in byte[] ssid, in boolean filsHlpSent, in android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.KeyMgmtMask keyMgmtMask);
 }
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl
index 0730a8c..c7961fa 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/android/hardware/wifi/supplicant/ISupplicantStaIfaceCallback.aidl
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.DppFailureCode;
 import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.DppProgressCode;
 import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.Hs20AnqpData;
+import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.KeyMgmtMask;
 import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.OsuMethod;
 import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.QosPolicyData;
 import android.hardware.wifi.supplicant.StaIfaceCallbackState;
@@ -252,6 +253,8 @@
      * event is triggered by a particular network, the |SupplicantNetworkId|,
      * |ssid|, |bssid| parameters must indicate the parameters of the network/AP
      * which caused this state transition.
+     * <p>
+     * This callback is deprecated from AIDL v2, newer HAL should call onStateChangedWithAkm().
      *
      * @param newState New State of the interface. This must be one of the |State|
      *        values above.
@@ -303,4 +306,27 @@
      * @param qosPolicyData QoS policies info requested by the AP.
      */
     void onQosPolicyRequest(in int qosPolicyRequestId, in QosPolicyData[] qosPolicyData);
+
+    /**
+     * Used to indicate a state change event on this particular iface. If this
+     * event is triggered by a particular network, the |id|,
+     * |ssid|, |bssid| parameters must indicate the parameters of the network/AP
+     * which caused this state transition.
+     *
+     * @param newState New State of the interface. This must be one of the
+     *        |StaIfaceCallbackState| values above.
+     * @param bssid BSSID of the corresponding AP which caused this state
+     *        change event. This must be zero'ed if this event is not
+     *        specific to a particular network.
+     * @param id ID of the corresponding network which caused this
+     *        state change event. This must be invalid (-1) if this
+     *        event is not specific to a particular network.
+     * @param ssid SSID of the corresponding network which caused this state
+     *        change event. This must be empty if this event is not specific
+     *        to a particular network.
+     * @param filsHlpSent Whether FILS HLP IEs were included in this association.
+     * @param keyMgmtMask current used key mgmt mask.
+     */
+    void onStateChangedWithAkm(in StaIfaceCallbackState newState, in byte[] bssid, in int id,
+            in byte[] ssid, in boolean filsHlpSent, in KeyMgmtMask keyMgmtMask);
 }
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
index 272a427..d57f539 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_sta_iface_aidl_test.cpp
@@ -206,6 +206,13 @@
                                       QosPolicyData /* qosPolicyData */>&) override {
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus onStateChangedWithAkm(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::StaIfaceCallbackState /* newState */,
+            const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* bssid */, int32_t /* id */,
+            const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* ssid */, bool /* filsHlpSent */,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::KeyMgmtMask /* keyMgmtMask*/) override {
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
 };
 
 class SupplicantStaIfaceAidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {