diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/automotive/audiocontrol/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb422db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 162915
+zhaomingyin@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb422db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 162915
+zhaomingyin@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/evs/common/utils/default/test/fuzz/FormatConvertFuzzer.cpp b/automotive/evs/common/utils/default/test/fuzz/FormatConvertFuzzer.cpp
index 583a455..58423c8 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/common/utils/default/test/fuzz/FormatConvertFuzzer.cpp
+++ b/automotive/evs/common/utils/default/test/fuzz/FormatConvertFuzzer.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
@@ -21,36 +22,43 @@
 #include "FormatConvert.h"
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, std::size_t size) {
-    if (size < 256) {
+    // 1 random value (4bytes) + min imagesize = 16*2 times bytes per pixel (worse case 2)
+    if (size < (4 + 16 * 2 * 2)) {
         return 0;
     }
+    FuzzedDataProvider fdp(data, size);
+    std::size_t image_pixel_size = size - 4;
+    image_pixel_size = (image_pixel_size & INT_MAX) / 2;
 
-    std::srand(std::time(nullptr));  // use current time as seed for random generator
-    int random_variable = std::rand() % 10;
-    int width = (int)sqrt(size);
-    int height = width * ((float)random_variable / 10.0);
+    // API have a requirement that width must be divied by 16 except yuyvtorgb
+    int min_height = 2;
+    int max_height = (image_pixel_size / 16) & ~(1);  // must be even number
+    int height = fdp.ConsumeIntegralInRange<uint32_t>(min_height, max_height);
+    int width = (image_pixel_size / height) & ~(16);  // must be divisible by 16
 
-    uint8_t* src = (uint8_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint8_t) * size);
-    memcpy(src, data, sizeof(uint8_t) * (size));
-    uint32_t* tgt = (uint32_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * size);
+    uint8_t* src = (uint8_t*)(data + 4);
+    uint32_t* tgt = (uint32_t*)malloc(sizeof(uint32_t) * image_pixel_size);
 
 #ifdef COPY_NV21_TO_RGB32
-    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyNV21toRGB32(width, height, src, tgt, 0);
+    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyNV21toRGB32(width, height, src, tgt,
+                                                                       width);
 #elif COPY_NV21_TO_BGR32
-    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyNV21toBGR32(width, height, src, tgt, 0);
+    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyNV21toBGR32(width, height, src, tgt,
+                                                                       width);
 #elif COPY_YV12_TO_RGB32
-    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYV12toRGB32(width, height, src, tgt, 0);
+    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYV12toRGB32(width, height, src, tgt,
+                                                                       width);
 #elif COPY_YV12_TO_BGR32
-    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYV12toBGR32(width, height, src, tgt, 0);
+    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYV12toBGR32(width, height, src, tgt,
+                                                                       width);
 #elif COPY_YUYV_TO_RGB32
-    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYUYVtoRGB32(width, height, src, 0, tgt,
-                                                                       0);
+    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYUYVtoRGB32(width, height, src, width,
+                                                                       tgt, width);
 #elif COPY_YUYV_TO_BGR32
-    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYUYVtoBGR32(width, height, src, 0, tgt,
-                                                                       0);
+    android::hardware::automotive::evs::common::Utils::copyYUYVtoBGR32(width, height, src, width,
+                                                                       tgt, width);
 #endif
 
-    free(src);
     free(tgt);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ba00a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 821659
+tanmayp@google.com
+ankitarora@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a0f2af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 533426
+kwangsudo@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/Android.bp
index a97d544..94f590d 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/Android.bp
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 cc_defaults {
     name: "VehicleHalDefaults",
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-V1-ndk_platform",
+        "android.hardware.automotive.vehicle-V1-ndk",
+        "libmath",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleObjectPool.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleObjectPool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61e475a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleObjectPool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef android_hardware_automotive_vehicle_utils_include_VehicleObjectPool_H_
+#define android_hardware_automotive_vehicle_utils_include_VehicleObjectPool_H_
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <VehicleHalTypes.h>
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
+namespace vehicle {
+
+// Handy metric mostly for unit tests and debug.
+#define INC_METRIC_IF_DEBUG(val) PoolStats::instance()->val++;
+
+struct PoolStats {
+    std::atomic<uint32_t> Obtained{0};
+    std::atomic<uint32_t> Created{0};
+    std::atomic<uint32_t> Recycled{0};
+    std::atomic<uint32_t> Deleted{0};
+
+    static PoolStats* instance() {
+        static PoolStats inst;
+        return &inst;
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct Deleter {
+    using OnDeleteFunc = std::function<void(T*)>;
+
+    explicit Deleter(const OnDeleteFunc& f) : mOnDelete(f){};
+
+    Deleter() = default;
+    Deleter(const Deleter&) = default;
+
+    void operator()(T* o) { mOnDelete(o); }
+
+  private:
+    OnDeleteFunc mOnDelete;
+};
+
+// This is std::unique_ptr<> with custom delete operation that typically moves the pointer it holds
+// back to ObjectPool.
+template <typename T>
+using recyclable_ptr = typename std::unique_ptr<T, Deleter<T>>;
+
+// Generic abstract object pool class. Users of this class must implement {@Code createObject}.
+//
+// This class is thread-safe. Concurrent calls to {@Code obtain} from multiple threads is OK, also
+// client can obtain an object in one thread and then move ownership to another thread.
+template <typename T>
+class ObjectPool {
+  public:
+    using GetSizeFunc = std::function<size_t(const T&)>;
+
+    ObjectPool(size_t maxPoolObjectsSize, GetSizeFunc getSizeFunc)
+        : mMaxPoolObjectsSize(maxPoolObjectsSize), mGetSizeFunc(getSizeFunc){};
+    virtual ~ObjectPool() = default;
+
+    virtual recyclable_ptr<T> obtain() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+        INC_METRIC_IF_DEBUG(Obtained)
+        if (mObjects.empty()) {
+            INC_METRIC_IF_DEBUG(Created)
+            return wrap(createObject());
+        }
+
+        auto o = wrap(mObjects.front().release());
+        mObjects.pop_front();
+        mPoolObjectsSize -= mGetSizeFunc(*o);
+        return o;
+    }
+
+    ObjectPool& operator=(const ObjectPool&) = delete;
+    ObjectPool(const ObjectPool&) = delete;
+
+  protected:
+    virtual T* createObject() = 0;
+
+    virtual void recycle(T* o) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+        size_t objectSize = mGetSizeFunc(*o);
+
+        if (objectSize > mMaxPoolObjectsSize ||
+            mPoolObjectsSize > mMaxPoolObjectsSize - objectSize) {
+            INC_METRIC_IF_DEBUG(Deleted)
+
+            // We have no space left in the pool.
+            delete o;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        INC_METRIC_IF_DEBUG(Recycled)
+
+        mObjects.push_back(std::unique_ptr<T>{o});
+        mPoolObjectsSize += objectSize;
+    }
+
+    const size_t mMaxPoolObjectsSize;
+
+  private:
+    const Deleter<T>& getDeleter() {
+        if (!mDeleter.get()) {
+            Deleter<T>* d =
+                    new Deleter<T>(std::bind(&ObjectPool::recycle, this, std::placeholders::_1));
+            mDeleter.reset(d);
+        }
+        return *mDeleter.get();
+    }
+
+    recyclable_ptr<T> wrap(T* raw) { return recyclable_ptr<T>{raw, getDeleter()}; }
+
+    mutable std::mutex mLock;
+    std::deque<std::unique_ptr<T>> mObjects GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    std::unique_ptr<Deleter<T>> mDeleter;
+    size_t mPoolObjectsSize GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    GetSizeFunc mGetSizeFunc;
+};
+
+#undef INC_METRIC_IF_DEBUG
+
+// This class provides a pool of recyclable VehiclePropertyValue objects.
+//
+// It has only one overloaded public method - obtain(...), users must call this method when new
+// object is needed with given VehiclePropertyType and vector size (for vector properties). This
+// method returns a recyclable smart pointer to VehiclePropertyValue, essentially this is a
+// std::unique_ptr with custom delete function, so recyclable object has only one owner and
+// developers can safely pass it around. Once this object goes out of scope, it will be returned to
+// the object pool.
+//
+// Some objects are not recyclable: strings and vector data types with vector
+// length > maxRecyclableVectorSize (provided in the constructor). These objects will be deleted
+// immediately once the go out of scope. There's no synchronization penalty for these objects since
+// we do not store them in the pool.
+//
+// This class is thread-safe. Users can obtain an object in one thread and pass it to another.
+//
+// Sample usage:
+//
+//   VehiclePropValuePool pool;
+//   auto v = pool.obtain(VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+//   v->propId = VehicleProperty::HVAC_FAN_SPEED;
+//   v->areaId = VehicleAreaSeat::ROW_1_LEFT;
+//   v->timestamp = elapsedRealtimeNano();
+//   v->value->int32Values[0] = 42;
+class VehiclePropValuePool {
+  public:
+    using RecyclableType =
+            recyclable_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>;
+
+    // Creates VehiclePropValuePool
+    //
+    // @param maxRecyclableVectorSize - vector value types (e.g. VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC)
+    // with size equal or less to this value will be stored in the pool. If users tries to obtain
+    // value with vector size greater than maxRecyclableVectorSize, user will receive a regular
+    // unique pointer instead of a recyclable pointer. The object would not be recycled once it
+    // goes out of scope, but would be deleted.
+    // @param maxPoolObjectsSize - The approximate upper bound of memory each internal recycling
+    // pool could take. We have 4 different type pools, each with 4 different vector size, so
+    // approximately this pool would at-most take 4 * 4 * 10240 = 160k memory.
+    VehiclePropValuePool(size_t maxRecyclableVectorSize = 4, size_t maxPoolObjectsSize = 10240)
+        : mMaxRecyclableVectorSize(maxRecyclableVectorSize),
+          mMaxPoolObjectsSize(maxPoolObjectsSize){};
+
+    // Obtain a recyclable VehiclePropertyValue object from the pool for the given type. If the
+    // given type is not MIXED or STRING, the internal value vector size would be set to 1.
+    // If the given type is MIXED or STRING, all the internal vector sizes would be initialized to
+    // 0.
+    RecyclableType obtain(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type);
+
+    // Obtain a recyclable VehiclePropertyValue object from the pool for the given type. If the
+    // given type is *_VEC or BYTES, the internal value vector size would be set to vectorSize. If
+    // the given type is BOOLEAN, INT32, FLOAT, or INT64, the internal value vector size would be
+    // set to 1. If the given type is MIXED or STRING, all the internal value vector sizes would be
+    // set to 0. vectorSize must be larger than 0.
+    RecyclableType obtain(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type,
+                          size_t vectorSize);
+    // Obtain a recyclable VehicePropertyValue object that is a copy of src. If src does not contain
+    // any value or the src property type is not valid, this function would return an empty
+    // VehiclePropValue.
+    RecyclableType obtain(
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue& src);
+    // Obtain a recyclable boolean object.
+    RecyclableType obtainBoolean(bool value);
+    // Obtain a recyclable int32 object.
+    RecyclableType obtainInt32(int32_t value);
+    // Obtain a recyclable int64 object.
+    RecyclableType obtainInt64(int64_t value);
+    // Obtain a recyclable float object.
+    RecyclableType obtainFloat(float value);
+    // Obtain a recyclable float object.
+    RecyclableType obtainString(const char* cstr);
+    // Obtain a recyclable mixed object.
+    RecyclableType obtainComplex();
+
+    VehiclePropValuePool(VehiclePropValuePool&) = delete;
+    VehiclePropValuePool& operator=(VehiclePropValuePool&) = delete;
+
+  private:
+    static inline bool isSingleValueType(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type) {
+        return type == ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::
+                               BOOLEAN ||
+               type == ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT32 ||
+               type == ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT64 ||
+               type == ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT;
+    }
+
+    static inline bool isComplexType(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type) {
+        return type == ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::MIXED ||
+               type == ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::STRING;
+    }
+
+    bool isDisposable(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type,
+                      size_t vectorSize) const {
+        return vectorSize > mMaxRecyclableVectorSize || isComplexType(type);
+    }
+
+    RecyclableType obtainDisposable(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType valueType,
+            size_t vectorSize) const;
+    RecyclableType obtainRecyclable(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type,
+            size_t vectorSize);
+
+    class InternalPool
+        : public ObjectPool<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue> {
+      public:
+        InternalPool(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type,
+                     size_t vectorSize, size_t maxPoolObjectsSize,
+                     ObjectPool::GetSizeFunc getSizeFunc)
+            : ObjectPool(maxPoolObjectsSize, getSizeFunc),
+              mPropType(type),
+              mVectorSize(vectorSize) {}
+
+      protected:
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue* createObject() override;
+        void recycle(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue* o) override;
+
+      private:
+        bool check(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::RawPropValues* v);
+
+        template <typename VecType>
+        bool check(std::vector<VecType>* vec, bool isVectorType) {
+            return vec->size() == (isVectorType ? mVectorSize : 0);
+        }
+
+      private:
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType mPropType;
+        size_t mVectorSize;
+    };
+    const Deleter<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>
+            mDisposableDeleter{
+                    [](::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue* v) {
+                        delete v;
+                    }};
+
+    mutable std::mutex mLock;
+    const size_t mMaxRecyclableVectorSize;
+    const size_t mMaxPoolObjectsSize;
+    // A map with 'property_type' | 'value_vector_size' as key and a recyclable object pool as
+    // value. We would create a recyclable pool for each property type and vector size combination.
+    std::map<int32_t, std::unique_ptr<InternalPool>> mValueTypePools GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+}  // namespace vehicle
+}  // namespace automotive
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // android_hardware_automotive_vehicle_utils_include_VehicleObjectPool_H_
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehiclePropertyStore.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehiclePropertyStore.h
index b19ab84..ababf5e 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehiclePropertyStore.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehiclePropertyStore.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 
 #include <VehicleHalTypes.h>
+#include <VehicleObjectPool.h>
 #include <android-base/result.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 
@@ -41,6 +42,9 @@
 // This class is thread-safe, however it uses blocking synchronization across all methods.
 class VehiclePropertyStore {
   public:
+    explicit VehiclePropertyStore(std::shared_ptr<VehiclePropValuePool> valuePool)
+        : mValuePool(valuePool) {}
+
     // Function that used to calculate unique token for given VehiclePropValue.
     using TokenFunction = ::std::function<int64_t(
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue& value)>;
@@ -53,10 +57,13 @@
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig& config,
             TokenFunction tokenFunc = nullptr);
 
-    // Stores provided value. Returns true if value was written returns false if config wasn't
-    // registered.
-    ::android::base::Result<void> writeValue(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue& propValue);
+    // Stores provided value. Returns error if config wasn't registered. If 'updateStatus' is
+    // true, the 'status' in 'propValue' would be stored. Otherwise, if this is a new value,
+    // 'status' would be initialized to {@code VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE}, if this is to
+    // override an existing value, the status for the existing value would be used for the
+    // overridden value.
+    ::android::base::Result<void> writeValue(VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType propValue,
+                                             bool updateStatus = false);
 
     // Remove a given property value from the property store. The 'propValue' would be used to
     // generate the key for the value to remove.
@@ -67,24 +74,19 @@
     void removeValuesForProperty(int32_t propId);
 
     // Read all the stored values.
-    std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue> readAllValues()
-            const;
+    std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> readAllValues() const;
 
     // Read all the values for the property.
-    ::android::base::Result<
-            std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>>
+    ::android::base::Result<std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType>>
     readValuesForProperty(int32_t propId) const;
 
     // Read the value for the requested property.
-    ::android::base::Result<
-            std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>>
-    readValue(
+    ::android::base::Result<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> readValue(
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue& request) const;
 
     // Read the value for the requested property.
-    ::android::base::Result<
-            std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>>
-    readValue(int32_t prop, int32_t area = 0, int64_t token = 0) const;
+    ::android::base::Result<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> readValue(
+            int32_t prop, int32_t area = 0, int64_t token = 0) const;
 
     // Get all property configs.
     std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig> getAllConfigs()
@@ -100,20 +102,25 @@
         int32_t area;
         int64_t token;
 
-        bool operator==(const RecordId& other) const;
-        bool operator<(const RecordId& other) const;
-
         std::string toString() const;
+
+        bool operator==(const RecordId& other) const;
+    };
+
+    struct RecordIdHash {
+        size_t operator()(RecordId const& recordId) const;
     };
 
     struct Record {
         ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig propConfig;
         TokenFunction tokenFunction;
-        std::map<RecordId, ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue> values;
+        std::unordered_map<RecordId, VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType, RecordIdHash> values;
     };
 
     mutable std::mutex mLock;
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, Record> mRecordsByPropId GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+    // {@code VehiclePropValuePool} is thread-safe.
+    std::shared_ptr<VehiclePropValuePool> mValuePool;
 
     const Record* getRecordLocked(int32_t propId) const;
 
@@ -123,9 +130,8 @@
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue& propValue,
             const Record& record) const;
 
-    ::android::base::Result<
-            std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>>
-    readValueLocked(const RecordId& recId, const Record& record) const;
+    ::android::base::Result<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> readValueLocked(
+            const RecordId& recId, const Record& record) const;
 };
 
 }  // namespace vehicle
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleUtils.h b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleUtils.h
index c4bf1d3..b02aaf7 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleUtils.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/include/VehicleUtils.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define android_hardware_automotive_vehicle_aidl_impl_utils_common_include_VehicleUtils_H_
 
 #include <VehicleHalTypes.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -81,6 +82,104 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+inline std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>
+createVehiclePropValueVec(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type,
+                          size_t vecSize) {
+    auto val = std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>(
+            new ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue);
+    switch (type) {
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT32:
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::BOOLEAN:
+            vecSize = 1;
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC:
+            val->value.int32Values.resize(vecSize);
+            break;
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT:
+            vecSize = 1;
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC:
+            val->value.floatValues.resize(vecSize);
+            break;
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT64:
+            vecSize = 1;
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC:
+            val->value.int64Values.resize(vecSize);
+            break;
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::BYTES:
+            val->value.byteValues.resize(vecSize);
+            break;
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::STRING:
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::MIXED:
+            break;  // Valid, but nothing to do.
+        default:
+            ALOGE("createVehiclePropValue: unknown type: %d", toInt(type));
+            val.reset(nullptr);
+    }
+    return val;
+}
+
+inline std::unique_ptr<::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue>
+createVehiclePropValue(::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type) {
+    return createVehiclePropValueVec(type, 1);
+}
+
+inline size_t getVehicleRawValueVectorSize(
+        const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::RawPropValues& value,
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT32:  // fall
+                                                                                          // through
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::
+                BOOLEAN:  // fall through
+            return std::min(value.int32Values.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT:
+            return std::min(value.floatValues.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT64:
+            return std::min(value.int64Values.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC:
+            return value.int32Values.size();
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC:
+            return value.floatValues.size();
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC:
+            return value.int64Values.size();
+        case ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType::BYTES:
+            return value.byteValues.size();
+        default:
+            ALOGE("getVehicleRawValueVectorSize: unknown type: %d", toInt(type));
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+inline void copyVehicleRawValue(
+        ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::RawPropValues* dest,
+        const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::RawPropValues& src) {
+    dest->int32Values = src.int32Values;
+    dest->floatValues = src.floatValues;
+    dest->int64Values = src.int64Values;
+    dest->byteValues = src.byteValues;
+    dest->stringValue = src.stringValue;
+}
+
+// getVehiclePropValueSize returns approximately how much memory 'value' would take. This should
+// only be used in a limited-size memory pool to set an upper bound for memory consumption.
+inline size_t getVehiclePropValueSize(
+        const ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue& prop) {
+    size_t size = 0;
+    size += sizeof(prop.timestamp);
+    size += sizeof(prop.areaId);
+    size += sizeof(prop.prop);
+    size += sizeof(prop.status);
+    size += prop.value.int32Values.size() * sizeof(int32_t);
+    size += prop.value.int64Values.size() * sizeof(int64_t);
+    size += prop.value.floatValues.size() * sizeof(float);
+    size += prop.value.byteValues.size() * sizeof(uint8_t);
+    size += prop.value.stringValue.size();
+    return size;
+}
+
 }  // namespace vehicle
 }  // namespace automotive
 }  // namespace hardware
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehicleObjectPool.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehicleObjectPool.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ff58f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehicleObjectPool.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VehicleObjectPool"
+
+#include <VehicleObjectPool.h>
+
+#include <VehicleUtils.h>
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
+namespace vehicle {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::RawPropValues;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehicleProperty;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue;
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtain(VehiclePropertyType type) {
+    if (isComplexType(type)) {
+        return obtain(type, 0);
+    }
+    return obtain(type, 1);
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtain(VehiclePropertyType type,
+                                                                  size_t vectorSize) {
+    if (isSingleValueType(type)) {
+        vectorSize = 1;
+    } else if (isComplexType(type)) {
+        vectorSize = 0;
+    }
+    return isDisposable(type, vectorSize) ? obtainDisposable(type, vectorSize)
+                                          : obtainRecyclable(type, vectorSize);
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtain(const VehiclePropValue& src) {
+    VehiclePropertyType type = getPropType(src.prop);
+    size_t vectorSize = getVehicleRawValueVectorSize(src.value, type);
+    if (vectorSize == 0 && !isComplexType(type)) {
+        ALOGW("empty vehicle prop value, contains no content");
+        // Return any empty VehiclePropValue.
+        return RecyclableType{new VehiclePropValue, mDisposableDeleter};
+    }
+
+    auto dest = obtain(type, vectorSize);
+
+    dest->prop = src.prop;
+    dest->areaId = src.areaId;
+    dest->status = src.status;
+    dest->timestamp = src.timestamp;
+    copyVehicleRawValue(&dest->value, src.value);
+
+    return dest;
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainInt32(int32_t value) {
+    auto val = obtain(VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+    val->value.int32Values[0] = value;
+    return val;
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainInt64(int64_t value) {
+    auto val = obtain(VehiclePropertyType::INT64);
+    val->value.int64Values[0] = value;
+    return val;
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainFloat(float value) {
+    auto val = obtain(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+    val->value.floatValues[0] = value;
+    return val;
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainString(const char* cstr) {
+    auto val = obtain(VehiclePropertyType::STRING);
+    val->value.stringValue = cstr;
+    return val;
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainComplex() {
+    return obtain(VehiclePropertyType::MIXED);
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainRecyclable(
+        VehiclePropertyType type, size_t vectorSize) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+    assert(vectorSize > 0);
+
+    // VehiclePropertyType is not overlapping with vectorSize.
+    int32_t key = static_cast<int32_t>(type) | static_cast<int32_t>(vectorSize);
+    auto it = mValueTypePools.find(key);
+
+    if (it == mValueTypePools.end()) {
+        auto newPool(std::make_unique<InternalPool>(type, vectorSize, mMaxPoolObjectsSize,
+                                                    getVehiclePropValueSize));
+        it = mValueTypePools.emplace(key, std::move(newPool)).first;
+    }
+    return it->second->obtain();
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainBoolean(bool value) {
+    return obtainInt32(value);
+}
+
+VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType VehiclePropValuePool::obtainDisposable(
+        VehiclePropertyType valueType, size_t vectorSize) const {
+    return RecyclableType{createVehiclePropValueVec(valueType, vectorSize).release(),
+                          mDisposableDeleter};
+}
+
+void VehiclePropValuePool::InternalPool::recycle(VehiclePropValue* o) {
+    if (o == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Attempt to recycle nullptr");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!check(&o->value)) {
+        ALOGE("Discarding value for prop 0x%x because it contains "
+              "data that is not consistent with this pool. "
+              "Expected type: %d, vector size: %zu",
+              o->prop, toInt(mPropType), mVectorSize);
+        delete o;
+    } else {
+        ObjectPool<VehiclePropValue>::recycle(o);
+    }
+}
+
+bool VehiclePropValuePool::InternalPool::check(RawPropValues* v) {
+    return check(&v->int32Values, (VehiclePropertyType::INT32 == mPropType ||
+                                   VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC == mPropType ||
+                                   VehiclePropertyType::BOOLEAN == mPropType)) &&
+           check(&v->floatValues, (VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT == mPropType ||
+                                   VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC == mPropType)) &&
+           check(&v->int64Values, (VehiclePropertyType::INT64 == mPropType ||
+                                   VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC == mPropType)) &&
+           check(&v->byteValues, VehiclePropertyType::BYTES == mPropType) &&
+           v->stringValue.size() == 0;
+}
+
+VehiclePropValue* VehiclePropValuePool::InternalPool::createObject() {
+    return createVehiclePropValueVec(mPropType, mVectorSize).release();
+}
+
+}  // namespace vehicle
+}  // namespace automotive
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehiclePropertyStore.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehiclePropertyStore.cpp
index b660f36..2869d1d 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehiclePropertyStore.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/src/VehiclePropertyStore.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <VehicleUtils.h>
 #include <android-base/format.h>
+#include <math/HashCombine.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@
 
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehicleAreaConfig;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropConfig;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyStatus;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue;
 using ::android::base::Result;
 
@@ -36,14 +38,17 @@
     return area == other.area && token == other.token;
 }
 
-bool VehiclePropertyStore::RecordId::operator<(const VehiclePropertyStore::RecordId& other) const {
-    return area < other.area || (area == other.area && token < other.token);
-}
-
 std::string VehiclePropertyStore::RecordId::toString() const {
     return ::fmt::format("RecordID{{.areaId={:d}, .token={:d}}}", area, token);
 }
 
+size_t VehiclePropertyStore::RecordIdHash::operator()(RecordId const& recordId) const {
+    size_t res = 0;
+    hashCombine(res, recordId.area);
+    hashCombine(res, recordId.token);
+    return res;
+}
+
 const VehiclePropertyStore::Record* VehiclePropertyStore::getRecordLocked(int32_t propId) const
         REQUIRES(mLock) {
     auto RecordIt = mRecordsByPropId.find(propId);
@@ -68,13 +73,13 @@
     return recId;
 }
 
-Result<std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue>> VehiclePropertyStore::readValueLocked(
+Result<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> VehiclePropertyStore::readValueLocked(
         const RecordId& recId, const Record& record) const REQUIRES(mLock) {
     auto it = record.values.find(recId);
     if (it == record.values.end()) {
         return Errorf("Record ID: {} is not found", recId.toString());
     }
-    return std::make_unique<VehiclePropValue>(it->second);
+    return mValuePool->obtain(*(it->second));
 }
 
 void VehiclePropertyStore::registerProperty(const VehiclePropConfig& config,
@@ -87,36 +92,42 @@
     };
 }
 
-Result<void> VehiclePropertyStore::writeValue(const VehiclePropValue& propValue) {
+Result<void> VehiclePropertyStore::writeValue(VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType propValue,
+                                              bool updateStatus) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mLock);
 
-    VehiclePropertyStore::Record* record = getRecordLocked(propValue.prop);
+    VehiclePropertyStore::Record* record = getRecordLocked(propValue->prop);
     if (record == nullptr) {
-        return Errorf("property: {:d} not registered", propValue.prop);
+        return Errorf("property: {:d} not registered", propValue->prop);
     }
 
-    if (!isGlobalProp(propValue.prop) && getAreaConfig(propValue, record->propConfig) == nullptr) {
-        return Errorf("no config for property: {:d} area: {:d}", propValue.prop, propValue.areaId);
+    if (!isGlobalProp(propValue->prop) &&
+        getAreaConfig(*propValue, record->propConfig) == nullptr) {
+        return Errorf("no config for property: {:d} area: {:d}", propValue->prop,
+                      propValue->areaId);
     }
 
-    VehiclePropertyStore::RecordId recId = getRecordIdLocked(propValue, *record);
+    VehiclePropertyStore::RecordId recId = getRecordIdLocked(*propValue, *record);
     auto it = record->values.find(recId);
     if (it == record->values.end()) {
-        record->values[recId] = propValue;
+        record->values[recId] = std::move(propValue);
+        if (!updateStatus) {
+            record->values[recId]->status = VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE;
+        }
         return {};
     }
-    VehiclePropValue* valueToUpdate = &(it->second);
-
+    const VehiclePropValue* valueToUpdate = it->second.get();
+    long oldTimestamp = valueToUpdate->timestamp;
+    VehiclePropertyStatus oldStatus = valueToUpdate->status;
     // propValue is outdated and drops it.
-    if (valueToUpdate->timestamp > propValue.timestamp) {
-        return Errorf("outdated timestamp: {:d}", propValue.timestamp);
+    if (oldTimestamp > propValue->timestamp) {
+        return Errorf("outdated timestamp: {:d}", propValue->timestamp);
     }
-    // Update the propertyValue.
-    // The timestamp in propertyStore should only be updated by the server side. It indicates
-    // the time when the event is generated by the server.
-    valueToUpdate->timestamp = propValue.timestamp;
-    valueToUpdate->value = propValue.value;
-    valueToUpdate->status = propValue.status;
+    record->values[recId] = std::move(propValue);
+    if (!updateStatus) {
+        record->values[recId]->status = oldStatus;
+    }
+
     return {};
 }
 
@@ -145,25 +156,25 @@
     record->values.clear();
 }
 
-std::vector<VehiclePropValue> VehiclePropertyStore::readAllValues() const {
+std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> VehiclePropertyStore::readAllValues() const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mLock);
 
-    std::vector<VehiclePropValue> allValues;
+    std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> allValues;
 
     for (auto const& [_, record] : mRecordsByPropId) {
         for (auto const& [_, value] : record.values) {
-            allValues.push_back(value);
+            allValues.push_back(std::move(mValuePool->obtain(*value)));
         }
     }
 
     return allValues;
 }
 
-Result<std::vector<VehiclePropValue>> VehiclePropertyStore::readValuesForProperty(
-        int32_t propId) const {
+Result<std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType>>
+VehiclePropertyStore::readValuesForProperty(int32_t propId) const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mLock);
 
-    std::vector<VehiclePropValue> values;
+    std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> values;
 
     const VehiclePropertyStore::Record* record = getRecordLocked(propId);
     if (record == nullptr) {
@@ -171,12 +182,12 @@
     }
 
     for (auto const& [_, value] : record->values) {
-        values.push_back(value);
+        values.push_back(std::move(mValuePool->obtain(*value)));
     }
     return values;
 }
 
-Result<std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue>> VehiclePropertyStore::readValue(
+Result<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> VehiclePropertyStore::readValue(
         const VehiclePropValue& propValue) const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mLock);
 
@@ -189,9 +200,9 @@
     return readValueLocked(recId, *record);
 }
 
-Result<std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue>> VehiclePropertyStore::readValue(int32_t propId,
-                                                                          int32_t areaId,
-                                                                          int64_t token) const {
+Result<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType> VehiclePropertyStore::readValue(int32_t propId,
+                                                                             int32_t areaId,
+                                                                             int64_t token) const {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mLock);
 
     const VehiclePropertyStore::Record* record = getRecordLocked(propId);
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleObjectPoolTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleObjectPoolTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a62532c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleObjectPoolTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+
+#include <VehicleHalTypes.h>
+#include <VehicleObjectPool.h>
+#include <VehicleUtils.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace automotive {
+namespace vehicle {
+
+namespace {
+
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehicleProperty;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue;
+
+struct TestPropertyTypeInfo {
+    VehiclePropertyType type;
+    bool recyclable;
+    size_t vecSize;
+};
+
+std::vector<TestPropertyTypeInfo> getAllPropertyTypes() {
+    return {
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::INT32,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 1,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::INT64,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 1,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 1,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 4,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 4,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 4,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::BYTES,
+                    .recyclable = true,
+                    .vecSize = 4,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC,
+                    .recyclable = false,
+                    .vecSize = 5,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC,
+                    .recyclable = false,
+                    .vecSize = 5,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC,
+                    .recyclable = false,
+                    .vecSize = 5,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::BYTES,
+                    .recyclable = false,
+                    .vecSize = 5,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::STRING,
+                    .recyclable = false,
+                    .vecSize = 0,
+            },
+            {
+                    .type = VehiclePropertyType::MIXED,
+                    .recyclable = false,
+                    .vecSize = 0,
+            },
+    };
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+class VehicleObjectPoolTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mStats = PoolStats::instance();
+        resetStats();
+        mValuePool.reset(new VehiclePropValuePool);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // At the end, all created objects should be either recycled or deleted.
+        ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, mStats->Recycled + mStats->Deleted);
+        // Some objects could be recycled multiple times.
+        ASSERT_LE(mStats->Created, mStats->Recycled + mStats->Deleted);
+    }
+
+    PoolStats* mStats;
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValuePool> mValuePool;
+
+  private:
+    void resetStats() {
+        mStats->Obtained = 0;
+        mStats->Created = 0;
+        mStats->Recycled = 0;
+        mStats->Deleted = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+class VehiclePropertyTypesTest : public VehicleObjectPoolTest,
+                                 public testing::WithParamInterface<TestPropertyTypeInfo> {};
+
+TEST_P(VehiclePropertyTypesTest, testRecycle) {
+    auto info = GetParam();
+    if (!info.recyclable) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    auto value = mValuePool->obtain(info.type, info.vecSize);
+    void* raw = value.get();
+    value.reset();
+    // At this point, value should be recycled and the only object in the pool.
+    ASSERT_EQ(mValuePool->obtain(info.type, info.vecSize).get(), raw);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, 2u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Created, 1u);
+}
+
+TEST_P(VehiclePropertyTypesTest, testNotRecyclable) {
+    auto info = GetParam();
+    if (info.recyclable) {
+        GTEST_SKIP();
+    }
+
+    auto value = mValuePool->obtain(info.type, info.vecSize);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, 0u) << "Non recyclable object should not be obtained from the pool";
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Created, 0u) << "Non recyclable object should not be created from the pool";
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(AllPropertyTypes, VehiclePropertyTypesTest,
+                         ::testing::ValuesIn(getAllPropertyTypes()));
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainNewObject) {
+    auto value = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+    void* raw = value.get();
+    value.reset();
+    // At this point, value should be recycled and the only object in the pool.
+    ASSERT_EQ(mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::INT32).get(), raw);
+    // Obtaining value of another type - should return a new object
+    ASSERT_NE(mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT).get(), raw);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, 3u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Created, 2u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainStrings) {
+    mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::STRING);
+    auto stringProp = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::STRING);
+    stringProp->value.stringValue = "Hello";
+    void* raw = stringProp.get();
+    stringProp.reset();  // delete the pointer
+
+    auto newStringProp = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::STRING);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(newStringProp->value.stringValue.size(), 0u);
+    ASSERT_NE(mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::STRING).get(), raw);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, 0u);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainBoolean) {
+    auto prop = mValuePool->obtainBoolean(true);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(prop, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*prop, (VehiclePropValue{
+                             .value = {.int32Values = {1}},
+                     }));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainInt32) {
+    auto prop = mValuePool->obtainInt32(1234);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(prop, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*prop, (VehiclePropValue{
+                             .value = {.int32Values = {1234}},
+                     }));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainInt64) {
+    auto prop = mValuePool->obtainInt64(1234);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(prop, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*prop, (VehiclePropValue{
+                             .value = {.int64Values = {1234}},
+                     }));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainFloat) {
+    auto prop = mValuePool->obtainFloat(1.234);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(prop, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*prop, (VehiclePropValue{
+                             .value = {.floatValues = {1.234}},
+                     }));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainString) {
+    auto prop = mValuePool->obtainString("test");
+
+    ASSERT_NE(prop, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*prop, (VehiclePropValue{
+                             .value = {.stringValue = "test"},
+                     }));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainComplex) {
+    auto prop = mValuePool->obtainComplex();
+
+    ASSERT_NE(prop, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*prop, VehiclePropValue{});
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainCopyInt32Values) {
+    VehiclePropValue prop{
+            // INT32_VEC property.
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_TYPE),
+            .areaId = 2,
+            .timestamp = 3,
+            .value = {.int32Values = {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+    };
+    auto gotValue = mValuePool->obtain(prop);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(gotValue, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*gotValue, prop);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainCopyInt64Values) {
+    VehiclePropValue prop{
+            // INT64_VEC property.
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::WHEEL_TICK),
+            .areaId = 2,
+            .timestamp = 3,
+            .value = {.int64Values = {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+    };
+    auto gotValue = mValuePool->obtain(prop);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(gotValue, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*gotValue, prop);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainCopyFloatValues) {
+    VehiclePropValue prop{
+            // FLOAT_VEC property.
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::HVAC_TEMPERATURE_VALUE_SUGGESTION),
+            .areaId = 2,
+            .timestamp = 3,
+            .value = {.floatValues = {1, 2, 3, 4}},
+    };
+    auto gotValue = mValuePool->obtain(prop);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(gotValue, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*gotValue, prop);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainCopyString) {
+    VehiclePropValue prop{
+            // STRING property.
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_VIN),
+            .areaId = 2,
+            .timestamp = 3,
+            .value = {.stringValue = "test"},
+    };
+    auto gotValue = mValuePool->obtain(prop);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(gotValue, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*gotValue, prop);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testObtainCopyMixed) {
+    VehiclePropValue prop{
+            // MIxed property.
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE),
+            .areaId = 2,
+            .timestamp = 3,
+            .value =
+                    {
+                            .int32Values = {1, 2, 3},
+                            .floatValues = {4.0, 5.0},
+                            .stringValue = "test",
+                    },
+    };
+    auto gotValue = mValuePool->obtain(prop);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(gotValue, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(*gotValue, prop);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testMultithreaded) {
+    // In this test we have T threads that concurrently in C cycles
+    // obtain and release O VehiclePropValue objects of FLOAT / INT32 types.
+
+    const int T = 2;
+    const int C = 500;
+    const int O = 100;
+
+    auto poolPtr = mValuePool.get();
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    for (int i = 0; i < T; i++) {
+        threads.push_back(std::thread([&poolPtr]() {
+            for (int j = 0; j < C; j++) {
+                std::vector<recyclable_ptr<VehiclePropValue>> vec;
+                for (int k = 0; k < O; k++) {
+                    vec.push_back(poolPtr->obtain(k % 2 == 0 ? VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT
+                                                             : VehiclePropertyType::INT32));
+                }
+            }
+        }));
+    }
+
+    for (auto& t : threads) {
+        t.join();
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, static_cast<uint32_t>(T * C * O));
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Recycled + mStats->Deleted, static_cast<uint32_t>(T * C * O));
+    // Created less than obtained in one cycle.
+    ASSERT_LE(mStats->Created, static_cast<uint32_t>(T * O));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehicleObjectPoolTest, testMemoryLimitation) {
+    std::vector<recyclable_ptr<VehiclePropValue>> vec;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
+        vec.push_back(mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::INT32));
+    }
+    // We have too many values, not all of them would be recycled, some of them will be deleted.
+    vec.clear();
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Obtained, 10000u);
+    ASSERT_EQ(mStats->Created, 10000u);
+    ASSERT_GT(mStats->Deleted, 0u) << "expect some values to be deleted, not recycled if too many "
+                                      "values are in the pool";
+}
+
+}  // namespace vehicle
+}  // namespace automotive
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehiclePropertyStoreTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehiclePropertyStoreTest.cpp
index 8c70fea..f1d218d 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehiclePropertyStoreTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehiclePropertyStoreTest.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehicleProperty;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyAccess;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyChangeMode;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyStatus;
+using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropertyType;
 using ::aidl::android::hardware::automotive::vehicle::VehiclePropValue;
 using ::android::base::Result;
 using ::testing::ElementsAre;
@@ -51,6 +53,17 @@
     return value.timestamp;
 }
 
+// A helper function to turn value pointer to value structure for easier comparison.
+std::vector<VehiclePropValue> convertValuePtrsToValues(
+        const std::vector<VehiclePropValuePool::RecyclableType>& values) {
+    std::vector<VehiclePropValue> returnValues;
+    returnValues.reserve(values.size());
+    for (auto& value : values) {
+        returnValues.push_back(*value);
+    }
+    return returnValues;
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 class VehiclePropertyStoreTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -70,30 +83,33 @@
                                 VehicleAreaConfig{.areaId = WHEEL_REAR_LEFT},
                                 VehicleAreaConfig{.areaId = WHEEL_REAR_RIGHT}},
         };
-        mStore.registerProperty(mConfigFuelCapacity);
-        mStore.registerProperty(configTirePressure);
+        mValuePool = std::make_shared<VehiclePropValuePool>();
+        mStore.reset(new VehiclePropertyStore(mValuePool));
+        mStore->registerProperty(mConfigFuelCapacity);
+        mStore->registerProperty(configTirePressure);
     }
 
-    VehiclePropertyStore mStore;
     VehiclePropConfig mConfigFuelCapacity;
+    std::shared_ptr<VehiclePropValuePool> mValuePool;
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropertyStore> mStore;
 };
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testGetAllConfigs) {
-    std::vector<VehiclePropConfig> configs = mStore.getAllConfigs();
+    std::vector<VehiclePropConfig> configs = mStore->getAllConfigs();
 
     ASSERT_EQ(configs.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testGetConfig) {
     Result<const VehiclePropConfig*> result =
-            mStore.getConfig(toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY));
+            mStore->getConfig(toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY));
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
     ASSERT_EQ(*(result.value()), mConfigFuelCapacity);
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testGetConfigWithInvalidPropId) {
-    Result<const VehiclePropConfig*> result = mStore.getConfig(INVALID_PROP_ID);
+    Result<const VehiclePropConfig*> result = mStore->getConfig(INVALID_PROP_ID);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok()) << "expect error when getting a config for an invalid property ID";
 }
@@ -122,46 +138,47 @@
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteValueOk) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
 
-    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(values[0]));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(values[0])));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadAllValues) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
-    auto gotValues = mStore.readAllValues();
+    auto gotValues = mStore->readAllValues();
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(gotValues, WhenSortedBy(propValueCmp, Eq(values)));
+    ASSERT_THAT(convertValuePtrsToValues(gotValues), WhenSortedBy(propValueCmp, Eq(values)));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadValuesForPropertyOneValue) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
-    auto result = mStore.readValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY));
+    auto result = mStore->readValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY));
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
-    ASSERT_THAT(result.value(), ElementsAre(values[0]));
+    ASSERT_THAT(convertValuePtrsToValues(result.value()), ElementsAre(values[0]));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadValuesForPropertyMultipleValues) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
-    auto result = mStore.readValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE));
+    auto result = mStore->readValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE));
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
-    ASSERT_THAT(result.value(), WhenSortedBy(propValueCmp, ElementsAre(values[1], values[2])));
+    ASSERT_THAT(convertValuePtrsToValues(result.value()),
+                WhenSortedBy(propValueCmp, ElementsAre(values[1], values[2])));
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadValuesForPropertyError) {
-    auto result = mStore.readValuesForProperty(INVALID_PROP_ID);
+    auto result = mStore->readValuesForProperty(INVALID_PROP_ID);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok()) << "expect error when reading values for an invalid property";
 }
@@ -169,7 +186,7 @@
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadValueOk) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
     VehiclePropValue requestValue = {
@@ -177,7 +194,7 @@
             .areaId = WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT,
     };
 
-    auto result = mStore.readValue(requestValue);
+    auto result = mStore->readValue(requestValue);
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
     ASSERT_EQ(*(result.value()), values[1]);
@@ -186,10 +203,10 @@
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadValueByPropIdOk) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
-    auto result = mStore.readValue(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE), WHEEL_FRONT_RIGHT);
+    auto result = mStore->readValue(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE), WHEEL_FRONT_RIGHT);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(*(result.value()), values[2]);
 }
@@ -197,50 +214,47 @@
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testReadValueError) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
-    auto result = mStore.readValue(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE), WHEEL_REAR_LEFT);
+    auto result = mStore->readValue(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE), WHEEL_REAR_LEFT);
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(result.ok()) << "expect error when reading a value that has not been written";
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteValueError) {
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore.writeValue({
-                                           .prop = INVALID_PROP_ID,
-                                           .value = {.floatValues = {1.0}},
-                                   })
-                         .ok())
+    auto v = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+    v->prop = INVALID_PROP_ID;
+    v->value.floatValues = {1.0};
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore->writeValue(std::move(v)).ok())
             << "expect error when writing value for an invalid property ID";
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteValueNoAreaConfig) {
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore.writeValue({
-                                           .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE),
-                                           .value = {.floatValues = {180.0}},
-                                           // There is no config for ALL_WHEELS.
-                                           .areaId = ALL_WHEELS,
-                                   })
-                         .ok())
+    auto v = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+    v->prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE);
+    v->value.floatValues = {1.0};
+    // There is no config for ALL_WHEELS.
+    v->areaId = ALL_WHEELS;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore->writeValue(std::move(v)).ok())
             << "expect error when writing value for an area without config";
 }
 
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteOutdatedValue) {
-    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue({
-            .timestamp = 1,
-            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE),
-            .value = {.floatValues = {180.0}},
-            .areaId = WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT,
-    }));
+    auto v = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+    v->timestamp = 1;
+    v->prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE);
+    v->value.floatValues = {180.0};
+    v->areaId = WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT;
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(std::move(v)));
 
     // Write an older value.
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore.writeValue({
-                                           .timestamp = 0,
-                                           .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE),
-                                           .value = {.floatValues = {180.0}},
-                                           .areaId = WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT,
-                                   })
-                         .ok())
+    auto v2 = mValuePool->obtain(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+    v2->timestamp = 0;
+    v2->prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE);
+    v2->value.floatValues = {180.0};
+    v2->areaId = WHEEL_FRONT_LEFT;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore->writeValue(std::move(v2)).ok())
             << "expect error when writing an outdated value";
 }
 
@@ -251,7 +265,7 @@
     };
 
     // Replace existing config.
-    mStore.registerProperty(config, timestampToken);
+    mStore->registerProperty(config, timestampToken);
 
     VehiclePropValue fuelCapacityValueToken1 = {
             .timestamp = 1,
@@ -265,15 +279,15 @@
             .value = {.floatValues = {2.0}},
     };
 
-    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(fuelCapacityValueToken1));
-    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(fuelCapacityValueToken2));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacityValueToken1)));
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacityValueToken2)));
 
-    auto result = mStore.readValuesForProperty(propId);
+    auto result = mStore->readValuesForProperty(propId);
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
     ASSERT_EQ(result.value().size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
 
-    auto tokenResult = mStore.readValue(propId, /*areaId=*/0, /*token=*/2);
+    auto tokenResult = mStore->readValue(propId, /*areaId=*/0, /*token=*/2);
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(tokenResult);
     ASSERT_EQ(*(tokenResult.value()), fuelCapacityValueToken2);
@@ -282,14 +296,14 @@
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testRemoveValue) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(value)));
     }
 
-    mStore.removeValue(values[0]);
+    mStore->removeValue(values[0]);
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore.readValue(values[0]).ok()) << "expect error when reading a removed value";
+    ASSERT_FALSE(mStore->readValue(values[0]).ok()) << "expect error when reading a removed value";
 
-    auto leftTirePressureResult = mStore.readValue(values[1]);
+    auto leftTirePressureResult = mStore->readValue(values[1]);
 
     ASSERT_RESULT_OK(leftTirePressureResult);
     ASSERT_EQ(*(leftTirePressureResult.value()), values[1]);
@@ -298,16 +312,76 @@
 TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testRemoveValuesForProperty) {
     auto values = getTestPropValues();
     for (const auto& value : values) {
-        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore.writeValue(value));
+        ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(std::move(mValuePool->obtain(value))));
     }
 
-    mStore.removeValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY));
-    mStore.removeValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE));
+    mStore->removeValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY));
+    mStore->removeValuesForProperty(toInt(VehicleProperty::TIRE_PRESSURE));
 
-    auto gotValues = mStore.readAllValues();
+    auto gotValues = mStore->readAllValues();
     ASSERT_TRUE(gotValues.empty());
 }
 
+TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteValueUpdateStatus) {
+    VehiclePropValue fuelCapacity = {
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY),
+            .value = {.floatValues = {1.0}},
+    };
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacity), true));
+
+    fuelCapacity.status = VehiclePropertyStatus::UNAVAILABLE;
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacity), true));
+
+    VehiclePropValue requestValue = {
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY),
+    };
+
+    auto result = mStore->readValue(requestValue);
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result.value()->status, VehiclePropertyStatus::UNAVAILABLE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteValueNoUpdateStatus) {
+    VehiclePropValue fuelCapacity = {
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY),
+            .value = {.floatValues = {1.0}},
+    };
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacity), true));
+
+    fuelCapacity.status = VehiclePropertyStatus::UNAVAILABLE;
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacity), false));
+
+    VehiclePropValue requestValue = {
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY),
+    };
+
+    auto result = mStore->readValue(requestValue);
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result.value()->status, VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(VehiclePropertyStoreTest, testWriteValueNoUpdateStatusForNewValue) {
+    VehiclePropValue fuelCapacity = {
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY),
+            .value = {.floatValues = {1.0}},
+            .status = VehiclePropertyStatus::UNAVAILABLE,
+    };
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(mStore->writeValue(mValuePool->obtain(fuelCapacity), false));
+
+    VehiclePropValue requestValue = {
+            .prop = toInt(VehicleProperty::INFO_FUEL_CAPACITY),
+    };
+
+    auto result = mStore->readValue(requestValue);
+
+    ASSERT_RESULT_OK(result);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result.value()->status, VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE);
+}
+
 }  // namespace vehicle
 }  // namespace automotive
 }  // namespace hardware
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleUtilsTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleUtilsTest.cpp
index c09b06d..7ad3d31 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleUtilsTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/utils/common/test/VehicleUtilsTest.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 
 #include <PropertyUtils.h>
 #include <VehicleUtils.h>
+
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -122,6 +124,129 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(gotConfig, nullptr);
 }
 
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueInt32) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::INT32);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.int32Values.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueInt32Vec) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.int32Values.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueInt64) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::INT64);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.int64Values.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueInt64Vec) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.int64Values.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueFloat) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.floatValues.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueFloatVec) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.floatValues.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueBytes) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::BYTES);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.byteValues.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueString) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::STRING);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueMixed) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::MIXED);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueVecInt32) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::INT32, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.int32Values.size())
+            << "vector size should always be 1 for single value type";
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueIntVec32Vec) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::INT32_VEC, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, value->value.int32Values.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueVecInt64) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::INT64, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.int64Values.size())
+            << "vector size should always be 1 for single value type";
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueIntVec64Vec) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::INT64_VEC, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, value->value.int64Values.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueVecFloat) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, value->value.floatValues.size())
+            << "vector size should always be 1 for single value type";
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueFloVecatVec) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::FLOAT_VEC, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, value->value.floatValues.size());
+}
+
+TEST(VehicleUtilsTest, testCreateVehiclePropValueVecBytes) {
+    std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> value =
+            createVehiclePropValueVec(VehiclePropertyType::BYTES, /*vecSize=*/2);
+
+    ASSERT_NE(value, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, value->value.byteValues.size());
+}
+
 }  // namespace vehicle
 }  // namespace automotive
 }  // namespace hardware
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
index e18b1fa..2ab9c01 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV4_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -1482,6 +1482,18 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test IMapper::get(Smpte2094_10)
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, GetSmpte2094_10) {
+    testGet(mDummyDescriptorInfo, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10,
+            [](const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& /*info*/, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& vec) {
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> smpte2094_10;
+                ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, &smpte2094_10));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(smpte2094_10.has_value());
+            });
+}
+
+/**
  * Test IMapper::get(metadata) with a bad buffer
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, GetMetadataBadValue) {
@@ -1545,6 +1557,9 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER,
               mGralloc->get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_40, &vec));
     ASSERT_EQ(0, vec.size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER,
+              mGralloc->get(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, &vec));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, vec.size());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1937,6 +1952,20 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test IMapper::set(Smpte2094_10)
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, SetSmpte2094_10) {
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
+
+    testSet(mDummyDescriptorInfo, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, vec,
+            [&](const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& /*info*/, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& vec) {
+                std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> realSmpte2094_10;
+                ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, &realSmpte2094_10));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(realSmpte2094_10.has_value());
+            });
+}
+
+/**
  * Test IMapper::set(metadata) with a bad buffer
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, SetMetadataNullBuffer) {
@@ -1977,6 +2006,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, mGralloc->set(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Cta861_3, vec));
     ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER,
               mGralloc->set(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_40, vec));
+    ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER,
+              mGralloc->set(bufferHandle, gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, vec));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2482,6 +2513,24 @@
 }
 
 /**
+ * Test IMapper::getFromBufferDescriptorInfo(Smpte2094_10)
+ */
+TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, GetFromBufferDescriptorInfoSmpte2094_10) {
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> vec;
+    auto err = mGralloc->getFromBufferDescriptorInfo(mDummyDescriptorInfo,
+                                                     gralloc4::MetadataType_Smpte2094_10, &vec);
+    if (err == Error::UNSUPPORTED) {
+        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setting this metadata is unsupported";
+        return;
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(err, Error::NONE);
+
+    std::optional<std::vector<uint8_t>> smpte2094_10;
+    ASSERT_EQ(NO_ERROR, gralloc4::decodeSmpte2094_10(vec, &smpte2094_10));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(smpte2094_10.has_value());
+}
+
+/**
  * Test IMapper::getFromBufferDescriptorInfo(metadata) for unsupported metadata
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, GetFromBufferDescriptorInfoUnsupportedMetadata) {
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/src/ExecutionBurstController.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/src/ExecutionBurstController.cpp
index b4b6f68..8ce96c4 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/src/ExecutionBurstController.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/utils/src/ExecutionBurstController.cpp
@@ -176,7 +176,10 @@
         std::lock_guard guard(mMutex);
         const int32_t slot = mMemoryIdToSlot.at(memory);
         if (mBurstContext) {
-            mBurstContext->freeMemory(slot);
+            const auto ret = mBurstContext->freeMemory(slot);
+            if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "IBustContext::freeMemory failed: " << ret.description();
+            }
         }
         mMemoryIdToSlot.erase(memory);
         mMemoryCache[slot] = {};
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/OWNERS b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/OWNERS
index 6719a5b..f1a757a 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/OWNERS
@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@
 butlermichael@google.com
 dgross@google.com
 jeanluc@google.com
-levp@google.com
 miaowang@google.com
 mikie@google.com
-mks@google.com
 pszczepaniak@google.com
-slavash@google.com
-vddang@google.com
 xusongw@google.com
+ianhua@google.com
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/OWNERS b/radio/1.0/vts/OWNERS
index 9310f8e..117692a 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-# Telephony team
-amitmahajan@google.com
+# Bug component: 20868
+jminjie@google.com
+sarahchin@google.com
 shuoq@google.com
 jackyu@google.com
-
-# VTS team
-dshi@google.com
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/radio/1.1/vts/OWNERS
index a07c917..4d199ca 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
 include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/OWNERS b/radio/1.2/vts/OWNERS
index a07c917..4d199ca 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
 include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/radio/1.3/vts/OWNERS b/radio/1.3/vts/OWNERS
index a07c917..4d199ca 100644
--- a/radio/1.3/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/radio/1.3/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
 include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/radio/1.4/vts/OWNERS b/radio/1.4/vts/OWNERS
index a07c917..4d199ca 100644
--- a/radio/1.4/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/radio/1.4/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
 include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/radio/1.5/vts/OWNERS b/radio/1.5/vts/OWNERS
index a07c917..4d199ca 100644
--- a/radio/1.5/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/radio/1.5/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
 include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/radio/config/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/radio/config/1.1/vts/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4109967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/config/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
+include /radio/1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/radio/config/1.2/vts/OWNERS b/radio/config/1.2/vts/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4109967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/config/1.2/vts/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Bug component: 20868
+include /radio/1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/renderscript/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/renderscript/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d785790
--- /dev/null
+++ b/renderscript/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Bug component: 43047
+butlermichael@google.com
+dgross@google.com
+jeanluc@google.com
+miaowang@google.com
+xusongw@google.com
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp
index d7abf07..6f2f189 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/DeviceUniqueAttestationTest.cpp
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@
  * attestation.
  */
 TEST_P(DeviceUniqueAttestationTest, RsaNonStrongBoxUnimplemented) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
@@ -91,7 +93,9 @@
  * attestation.
  */
 TEST_P(DeviceUniqueAttestationTest, EcdsaNonStrongBoxUnimplemented) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
@@ -117,7 +121,9 @@
  * attestation correctly, if implemented.
  */
 TEST_P(DeviceUniqueAttestationTest, RsaDeviceUniqueAttestation) {
-    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to non-StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
@@ -174,7 +180,9 @@
  * attestation correctly, if implemented.
  */
 TEST_P(DeviceUniqueAttestationTest, EcdsaDeviceUniqueAttestation) {
-    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to non-StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
@@ -226,7 +234,9 @@
  * local device.
  */
 TEST_P(DeviceUniqueAttestationTest, EcdsaDeviceUniqueAttestationID) {
-    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to non-StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     // Collection of valid attestation ID tags.
     auto attestation_id_tags = AuthorizationSetBuilder();
@@ -292,7 +302,9 @@
  * don't match the local device.
  */
 TEST_P(DeviceUniqueAttestationTest, EcdsaDeviceUniqueAttestationMismatchID) {
-    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() != SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to non-StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     // Collection of invalid attestation ID tags.
     auto attestation_id_tags =
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
index fe8b48f..53d980d 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
@@ -1482,6 +1482,7 @@
                               .Authorization(TAG_TRUSTED_CONFIRMATION_REQUIRED)
                               .Authorization(TAG_UNLOCKED_DEVICE_REQUIRED)
                               .Authorization(TAG_CREATION_DATETIME, 1619621648000);
+
     for (const KeyParameter& tag : extra_tags) {
         SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "tag-" << tag);
         vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
@@ -1520,19 +1521,19 @@
         CheckedDeleteKey(&key_blob);
     }
 
-    // Device attestation IDs should be rejected for normal attestation requests; these fields
-    // are only used for device unique attestation.
-    auto invalid_tags = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_BRAND, "brand")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_DEVICE, "device")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_PRODUCT, "product")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_SERIAL, "serial")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_IMEI, "imei")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MEID, "meid")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MANUFACTURER, "manufacturer")
-                                .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MODEL, "model");
+    // Collection of invalid attestation ID tags.
+    auto invalid_tags =
+            AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_BRAND, "bogus-brand")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_DEVICE, "devious-device")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_PRODUCT, "punctured-product")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_SERIAL, "suspicious-serial")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_IMEI, "invalid-imei")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MEID, "mismatching-meid")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MANUFACTURER, "malformed-manufacturer")
+                    .Authorization(TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MODEL, "malicious-model");
     for (const KeyParameter& tag : invalid_tags) {
-        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "tag-" << tag);
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "-incorrect-tag-" << tag);
         vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
         vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
         AuthorizationSetBuilder builder =
@@ -1552,6 +1553,74 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * NewKeyGenerationTest.EcdsaAttestationIdTags
+ *
+ * Verifies that creation of an attested ECDSA key includes various ID tags in the
+ * attestation extension.
+ */
+TEST_P(NewKeyGenerationTest, EcdsaAttestationIdTags) {
+    auto challenge = "hello";
+    auto app_id = "foo";
+    auto subject = "cert subj 2";
+    vector<uint8_t> subject_der(make_name_from_str(subject));
+    uint64_t serial_int = 0x1010;
+    vector<uint8_t> serial_blob(build_serial_blob(serial_int));
+    const AuthorizationSetBuilder base_builder =
+            AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                    .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                    .EcdsaSigningKey(EcCurve::P_256)
+                    .Digest(Digest::NONE)
+                    .AttestationChallenge(challenge)
+                    .AttestationApplicationId(app_id)
+                    .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
+                    .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
+                    .SetDefaultValidity();
+
+    // Various ATTESTATION_ID_* tags that map to fields in the attestation extension ASN.1 schema.
+    auto extra_tags = AuthorizationSetBuilder();
+    add_tag_from_prop(&extra_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_BRAND, "ro.product.brand");
+    add_tag_from_prop(&extra_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_DEVICE, "ro.product.device");
+    add_tag_from_prop(&extra_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_PRODUCT, "ro.product.name");
+    add_tag_from_prop(&extra_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_SERIAL, "ro.serial");
+    add_tag_from_prop(&extra_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MANUFACTURER, "ro.product.manufacturer");
+    add_tag_from_prop(&extra_tags, TAG_ATTESTATION_ID_MODEL, "ro.product.model");
+
+    for (const KeyParameter& tag : extra_tags) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "tag-" << tag);
+        vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
+        vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
+        AuthorizationSetBuilder builder = base_builder;
+        builder.push_back(tag);
+        auto result = GenerateKey(builder, &key_blob, &key_characteristics);
+        if (result == ErrorCode::CANNOT_ATTEST_IDS) {
+            // Device ID attestation is optional; KeyMint may not support it at all.
+            continue;
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(result, ErrorCode::OK);
+        ASSERT_GT(key_blob.size(), 0U);
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
+        ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
+        verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, /* self_signed = */ false);
+
+        AuthorizationSet hw_enforced = HwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
+        AuthorizationSet sw_enforced = SwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
+
+        // The attested key characteristics will not contain APPLICATION_ID_* fields (their
+        // spec definitions all have "Must never appear in KeyCharacteristics"), but the
+        // attestation extension should contain them, so make sure the extra tag is added.
+        hw_enforced.push_back(tag);
+
+        // Verifying the attestation record will check for the specific tag because
+        // it's included in the authorizations.
+        EXPECT_TRUE(verify_attestation_record(challenge, app_id, sw_enforced, hw_enforced,
+                                              SecLevel(), cert_chain_[0].encodedCertificate));
+
+        CheckedDeleteKey(&key_blob);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
  * NewKeyGenerationTest.EcdsaAttestationTagNoApplicationId
  *
  * Verifies that creation of an attested ECDSA key does not include APPLICATION_ID.
@@ -1840,7 +1909,9 @@
  * INVALID_ARGUMENT.
  */
 TEST_P(NewKeyGenerationTest, EcdsaMismatchKeySize) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     auto result = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                       .Authorization(TAG_ALGORITHM, Algorithm::EC)
@@ -2067,7 +2138,9 @@
  * Verifies that keymint rejects HMAC key generation with multiple specified digest algorithms.
  */
 TEST_P(NewKeyGenerationTest, HmacMultipleDigests) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_DIGEST,
               GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
@@ -2291,7 +2364,9 @@
  * presented.
  */
 TEST_P(SigningOperationsTest, NoUserConfirmation) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .RsaSigningKey(1024, 65537)
                                                  .Digest(Digest::NONE)
@@ -2381,7 +2456,9 @@
  * for a 1024-bit key.
  */
 TEST_P(SigningOperationsTest, RsaPssSha512TooSmallKey) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .RsaSigningKey(1024, 65537)
                                                  .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_512)
@@ -3200,7 +3277,9 @@
  * Verifies that importing and using an ECDSA P-521 key pair works correctly.
  */
 TEST_P(ImportKeyTest, Ecdsa521Success) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ImportKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                                .EcdsaSigningKey(EcCurve::P_521)
@@ -3909,7 +3988,9 @@
  * with a different digest than was used to encrypt.
  */
 TEST_P(EncryptionOperationsTest, RsaOaepDecryptWithWrongDigest) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -5823,7 +5904,9 @@
  * Verifies that the max uses per boot tag works correctly with AES keys.
  */
 TEST_P(MaxOperationsTest, TestLimitAes) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -5850,7 +5933,9 @@
  * Verifies that the max uses per boot tag works correctly with RSA keys.
  */
 TEST_P(MaxOperationsTest, TestLimitRsa) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -5881,7 +5966,9 @@
  * Verifies that the usage count limit tag = 1 works correctly with AES keys.
  */
 TEST_P(UsageCountLimitTest, TestSingleUseAes) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -5925,7 +6012,9 @@
  * Verifies that the usage count limit tag > 1 works correctly with AES keys.
  */
 TEST_P(UsageCountLimitTest, TestLimitedUseAes) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -5970,7 +6059,9 @@
  * Verifies that the usage count limit tag = 1 works correctly with RSA keys.
  */
 TEST_P(UsageCountLimitTest, TestSingleUseRsa) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -6014,7 +6105,9 @@
  * Verifies that the usage count limit tag > 1 works correctly with RSA keys.
  */
 TEST_P(UsageCountLimitTest, TestLimitUseRsa) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                                  .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
@@ -6061,7 +6154,9 @@
  * in hardware.
  */
 TEST_P(UsageCountLimitTest, TestSingleUseKeyAndRollbackResistance) {
-    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) return;
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Test not applicable to StrongBox device";
+    }
 
     auto error = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                      .RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537)
@@ -6070,38 +6165,39 @@
                                      .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                      .Authorization(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE)
                                      .SetDefaultValidity());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE || error == ErrorCode::OK);
-
-    if (error == ErrorCode::OK) {
-        // Rollback resistance is supported by KeyMint, verify it is enforced in hardware.
-        AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteKey());
-
-        // The KeyMint should also enforce single use key in hardware when it supports rollback
-        // resistance.
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                     .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                                     .RsaSigningKey(1024, 65537)
-                                                     .NoDigestOrPadding()
-                                                     .Authorization(TAG_USAGE_COUNT_LIMIT, 1)
-                                                     .SetDefaultValidity()));
-
-        // Check the usage count limit tag appears in the hardware authorizations.
-        AuthorizationSet hardware_auths = HwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics_);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(hardware_auths.Contains(TAG_USAGE_COUNT_LIMIT, 1U))
-                << "key usage count limit " << 1U << " missing";
-
-        string message = "1234567890123456";
-        auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().NoDigestOrPadding();
-
-        // First usage of RSA key should work.
-        SignMessage(message, params);
-
-        // Usage count limit tag is enforced by hardware. After using the key, the key blob
-        // must be invalidated from secure storage (such as RPMB partition).
-        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_KEY_BLOB, Begin(KeyPurpose::SIGN, params));
+    if (error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Rollback resistance not supported";
     }
+
+    // Rollback resistance is supported by KeyMint, verify it is enforced in hardware.
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error);
+    AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteKey());
+
+    // The KeyMint should also enforce single use key in hardware when it supports rollback
+    // resistance.
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                                 .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                                 .RsaSigningKey(1024, 65537)
+                                                 .NoDigestOrPadding()
+                                                 .Authorization(TAG_USAGE_COUNT_LIMIT, 1)
+                                                 .SetDefaultValidity()));
+
+    // Check the usage count limit tag appears in the hardware authorizations.
+    AuthorizationSet hardware_auths = HwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics_);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(hardware_auths.Contains(TAG_USAGE_COUNT_LIMIT, 1U))
+            << "key usage count limit " << 1U << " missing";
+
+    string message = "1234567890123456";
+    auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().NoDigestOrPadding();
+
+    // First usage of RSA key should work.
+    SignMessage(message, params);
+
+    // Usage count limit tag is enforced by hardware. After using the key, the key blob
+    // must be invalidated from secure storage (such as RPMB partition).
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_KEY_BLOB, Begin(KeyPurpose::SIGN, params));
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_KEYMINT_AIDL_TEST(UsageCountLimitTest);
@@ -6178,24 +6274,25 @@
                                      .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                      .Authorization(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE)
                                      .SetDefaultValidity());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE || error == ErrorCode::OK);
+    if (error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Rollback resistance not supported";
+    }
 
     // Delete must work if rollback protection is implemented
-    if (error == ErrorCode::OK) {
-        AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error);
+    AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
 
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteKey(true /* keep key blob */));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteKey(true /* keep key blob */));
 
-        string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
-        AuthorizationSet begin_out_params;
-        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_KEY_BLOB,
-                  Begin(KeyPurpose::SIGN, key_blob_,
-                        AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE),
-                        &begin_out_params));
-        AbortIfNeeded();
-        key_blob_ = AidlBuf();
-    }
+    string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
+    AuthorizationSet begin_out_params;
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_KEY_BLOB,
+              Begin(KeyPurpose::SIGN, key_blob_,
+                    AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE),
+                    &begin_out_params));
+    AbortIfNeeded();
+    key_blob_ = AidlBuf();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -6212,21 +6309,22 @@
                                      .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                      .Authorization(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE)
                                      .SetDefaultValidity());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE || error == ErrorCode::OK);
+    if (error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Rollback resistance not supported";
+    }
 
     // Delete must work if rollback protection is implemented
-    if (error == ErrorCode::OK) {
-        AuthorizationSet enforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(enforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error);
+    AuthorizationSet enforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(enforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
 
-        // Delete the key we don't care about the result at this point.
-        DeleteKey();
+    // Delete the key we don't care about the result at this point.
+    DeleteKey();
 
-        // Now create an invalid key blob and delete it.
-        key_blob_ = AidlBuf("just some garbage data which is not a valid key blob");
+    // Now create an invalid key blob and delete it.
+    key_blob_ = AidlBuf("just some garbage data which is not a valid key blob");
 
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteKey());
-    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteKey());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -6241,7 +6339,10 @@
  * credentials stored in Keystore/Keymint.
  */
 TEST_P(KeyDeletionTest, DeleteAllKeys) {
-    if (!arm_deleteAllKeys) return;
+    if (!arm_deleteAllKeys) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Option --arm_deleteAllKeys not set";
+        return;
+    }
     auto error = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                      .RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537)
                                      .Digest(Digest::NONE)
@@ -6249,25 +6350,26 @@
                                      .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                      .Authorization(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE)
                                      .SetDefaultValidity());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE || error == ErrorCode::OK);
+    if (error == ErrorCode::ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Rollback resistance not supported";
+    }
 
     // Delete must work if rollback protection is implemented
-    if (error == ErrorCode::OK) {
-        AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, error);
+    AuthorizationSet hardwareEnforced(SecLevelAuthorizations());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(hardwareEnforced.Contains(TAG_ROLLBACK_RESISTANCE));
 
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteAllKeys());
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, DeleteAllKeys());
 
-        string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
-        AuthorizationSet begin_out_params;
+    string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
+    AuthorizationSet begin_out_params;
 
-        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_KEY_BLOB,
-                  Begin(KeyPurpose::SIGN, key_blob_,
-                        AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE),
-                        &begin_out_params));
-        AbortIfNeeded();
-        key_blob_ = AidlBuf();
-    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_KEY_BLOB,
+              Begin(KeyPurpose::SIGN, key_blob_,
+                    AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::NONE).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE),
+                    &begin_out_params));
+    AbortIfNeeded();
+    key_blob_ = AidlBuf();
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_KEYMINT_AIDL_TEST(KeyDeletionTest);
@@ -6340,7 +6442,7 @@
     size_t i;
 
     for (i = 0; i < max_operations; i++) {
-        result = Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, key_blob_, params, &out_params, op_handles[i]);
+        result = Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, key_blob_, params, &out_params, op_handles[i]);
         if (ErrorCode::OK != result) {
             break;
         }
@@ -6348,12 +6450,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS, result);
     // Try again just in case there's a weird overflow bug
     EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS,
-              Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, key_blob_, params, &out_params));
+              Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, key_blob_, params, &out_params));
     for (size_t j = 0; j < i; j++) {
         EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Abort(op_handles[j]))
                 << "Aboort failed for i = " << j << std::endl;
     }
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, key_blob_, params, &out_params));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Begin(KeyPurpose::DECRYPT, key_blob_, params, &out_params));
     AbortIfNeeded();
 }
 
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/OWNERS b/vibrator/aidl/OWNERS
index 4bd5614..e3d7e6b 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/OWNERS
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/OWNERS
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
+include platform/frameworks/base:/services/core/java/com/android/server/vibrator/OWNERS
 chasewu@google.com
 leungv@google.com
-lsandrade@google.com
-michaelwr@google.com
diff --git a/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec8c304
--- /dev/null
+++ b/weaver/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 186411
+chengyouho@google.com
+frankwoo@google.com
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/1.0/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..287152d 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 33618
 arabawy@google.com
 etancohen@google.com
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index e4948b4..6c0ebf7 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -107,8 +107,10 @@
     static_libs: [
         "VtsHalWifiV1_0TargetTestUtil",
         "android.hardware.wifi@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.0",
         "libwifi-system-iface",
     ],
+    disable_framework: true,
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
         "vts",
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
index 96b4501..28b1616 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
  */
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiApIface.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.0/IHostapd.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
 
 using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IfaceType;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiApIface;
@@ -38,6 +39,10 @@
 class WifiApIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
+        if (android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IHostapd::descriptor)
+                .empty()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Device does not support AP";
+        }
         // Make sure test starts with a clean state
         stopWifi(GetInstanceName());
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_ap_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_ap_test.cpp
index 2e6ad32..66e1a80 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_ap_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_ap_test.cpp
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
  */
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifi.h>
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.0/IWifiChip.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.0/IHostapd.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
 
 using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::ChipModeId;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IfaceType;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
@@ -41,6 +42,10 @@
 class WifiChipHidlApTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
+        if (android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IHostapd::descriptor)
+                .empty()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Device does not support AP";
+        }
         // Make sure test starts with a clean state
         stopWifi(GetInstanceName());
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/1.1/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/1.1/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 8048642..a8f3470 100644
--- a/wifi/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
         "android.hardware.wifi@1.5",
         "libwifi-system-iface",
     ],
+    disable_framework: true,
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
         "vts",
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/1.2/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/1.2/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/1.3/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/1.3/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/1.4/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/1.4/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/1.4/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/1.4/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 14ebbe3..f86869b 100644
--- a/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
-// SoftAP-specific tests, similar to VtsHalWifiApV1_0TargetTest.
 package {
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
@@ -25,10 +24,9 @@
 }
 
 cc_test {
-    name: "VtsHalWifiApV1_4TargetTest",
+    name: "VtsHalWifiV1_4TargetTest",
     defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
     srcs: [
-        "wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp",
         "wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
@@ -46,6 +44,30 @@
     ],
 }
 
+// SoftAP-specific tests, similar to VtsHalWifiApV1_0TargetTest.
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiApV1_4TargetTest",
+    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiV1_0TargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.3",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.4",
+        "android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.0",
+        "libwifi-system-iface",
+    ],
+    disable_framework: true,
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
 // These tests are split out so that they can be conditioned on presence of the
 // "android.hardware.wifi.aware" feature.
 cc_test {
diff --git a/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
index 5b0f173..756afa5 100644
--- a/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.4/vts/functional/wifi_ap_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.4/IWifi.h>
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.4/IWifiApIface.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/hostapd/1.0/IHostapd.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@
 
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_array;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::hostapd::V1_0::IHostapd;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::WifiStatus;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::WifiStatusCode;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_4::IWifi;
@@ -36,6 +38,10 @@
 class WifiApIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
+        if (android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IHostapd::descriptor)
+                .empty()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "Device does not support AP";
+        }
         // Make sure to start with a clean state
         stopWifi(GetInstanceName());
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.5/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/1.5/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/1.5/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/1.5/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..287152d 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 33618
 arabawy@google.com
 etancohen@google.com
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.2/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/1.3/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/hostapd/1.3/vts/OWNERS
index cf81c79..294fc82 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/1.3/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/1.3/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-arabawy@google.com
-etancohen@google.com
+# Bug component: 33618
+include ../../1.0/vts/OWNERS
diff --git a/wifi/offload/1.0/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/offload/1.0/vts/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..287152d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/offload/1.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Bug component: 33618
+arabawy@google.com
+etancohen@google.com
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf81c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arabawy@google.com
+etancohen@google.com
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/wifi/supplicant/1.1/vts/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf81c79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+arabawy@google.com
+etancohen@google.com