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+# VINTF Device Manifest
+
+In Android Pie, an `<fqname>` tag was introduced to be able to express multiple
+different versions of the same HAL in VINTF manifests (for DRM)
+in device manifest. For devices launching with previous versions of Android and
+upgrading to Android Pie, the device manifest must not use `<fqname>` to
+satisfy requirements for non-optional HALs, because older version of `libvintf`
+do not recognize it, causing errors during OTA update.
+
+Assuming that the HAL provides `@1.0::I*/default`,
+`@1.1::I*/clearkey` and `@1.1::I*/foo` instances:
+
+## Devices upgrading to Android Pie
+
+### `target-level=1` or `target-level=2`
+
+FCM (framework compatibility matrix) version 2 (released in Android Oreo MR1)
+requires DRM 1.0. If the new device manifest has Target FCM Version (i.e.
+`target-level`) 1 or 2, it should use the following snippet:
+
+```xml
+<hal format="hidl">
+    <name>android.hardware.drm</name>
+    <transport>hwbinder</transport>
+    <version>1.0</version>
+    <interface>
+        <name>ICryptoFactory</name>
+        <instance>default</instance>
+    </interface>
+    <interface>
+        <name>IDrmFactory</name>
+        <instance>default</instance>
+    </interface>
+    <fqname>@1.1::ICryptoFactory/clearkey</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::IDrmFactory/clearkey</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::ICryptoFactory/foo</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::IDrmFactory/foo</fqname>
+</hal>
+```
+
+### `target-level=3`
+
+FCM (framework compatibility matrix) version 3 (released in Android Pie)
+requires DRM 1.1. If the new device manifest has Target FCM Version (i.e.
+`target-level`) 3, it should use the following snippet:
+
+
+```xml
+<hal format="hidl">
+    <name>android.hardware.drm</name>
+    <transport>hwbinder</transport>
+    <version>1.1</version>
+    <interface>
+        <name>ICryptoFactory</name>
+        <instance>clearkey</instance>
+        <instance>foo</instance>
+    </interface>
+    <interface>
+        <name>IDrmFactory</name>
+        <instance>clearkey</instance>
+        <instance>foo</instance>
+    </interface>
+    <fqname>@1.0::ICryptoFactory/default</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.0::IDrmFactory/default</fqname>
+</hal>
+```
+
+## Devices launching with Android Pie
+If you have a new device launched with Android Pie (no OTA), both of the
+aforementioned snippets can be used. Besides, it is recommended to use the
+new, clearer format:
+
+```xml
+<hal format="hidl">
+    <name>android.hardware.drm</name>
+    <transport>hwbinder</transport>
+    <fqname>@1.0::ICryptoFactory/default</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.0::IDrmFactory/default</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::ICryptoFactory/clearkey</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::IDrmFactory/clearkey</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::ICryptoFactory/foo</fqname>
+    <fqname>@1.1::IDrmFactory/foo</fqname>
+</hal>
+```