diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 520b042..ac20509 100644
--- a/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/Android.bp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/Android.bp
index 31e5ad0..6e2c782 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
         "can.cpp",
         "common.cpp",
         "libnetdevice.cpp",
+        "vlan.cpp",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp
index a2a85dc..06fa8aa 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h>
+#include <libnetdevice/can.h>
 
 #include "NetlinkRequest.h"
 #include "NetlinkSocket.h"
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h
index 3818a31..54cbafc 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h
@@ -22,6 +22,17 @@
 namespace android::netdevice {
 
 /**
+ * Configures libnetdevice to use PF_CAN sockets instead of AF_INET,
+ * what requires less permissive SEPolicy rules for a given process.
+ *
+ * In such case, the process would only be able to control CAN interfaces.
+ *
+ * TODO(b/158011272): consider less hacky solution
+ * \param yes true to use CAN sockets, false for general sockets
+ */
+void useCanSockets(bool yes);
+
+/**
  * Checks, if the network interface exists.
  *
  * \param ifname Interface to check
@@ -38,6 +49,16 @@
 std::optional<bool> isUp(std::string ifname);
 
 /**
+ * Checks, if the network interface exists and is up.
+ *
+ * This is a convenience function to call both exists() and isUp().
+ *
+ * \param ifname Interface to check
+ * \return true if the interface is up, false otherwise
+ */
+bool existsAndIsUp(const std::string& ifname);
+
+/**
  * Brings network interface up.
  *
  * \param ifname Interface to bring up
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/vlan.h b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/vlan.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e1b736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/vlan.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace android::netdevice::vlan {
+
+bool add(const std::string& eth, const std::string& vlan, uint16_t id);
+
+}  // namespace android::netdevice::vlan
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp
index b051442..827f8f3 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp
@@ -27,14 +27,32 @@
 
 namespace android::netdevice {
 
+namespace socketparams {
+
+struct Params {
+    int domain;
+    int type;
+    int protocol;
+};
+
+static constexpr Params general = {AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0};
+static constexpr Params can = {PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW};
+
+static Params current = general;
+
+}  // namespace socketparams
+
+void useCanSockets(bool yes) {
+    socketparams::current = yes ? socketparams::can : socketparams::general;
+}
+
 bool exists(std::string ifname) {
     return nametoindex(ifname) != 0;
 }
 
 static bool sendIfreq(unsigned long request, struct ifreq& ifr) {
-    /* For general interfaces it would be socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0),
-     * but SEPolicy forces us to limit our flexibility here. */
-    base::unique_fd sock(socket(PF_CAN, SOCK_RAW, CAN_RAW));
+    base::unique_fd sock(socket(socketparams::current.domain, socketparams::current.type,
+                                socketparams::current.protocol));
     if (!sock.ok()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Can't create socket";
         return false;
@@ -60,6 +78,10 @@
     return ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_UP;
 }
 
+bool existsAndIsUp(const std::string& ifname) {
+    return exists(ifname) && isUp(ifname).value_or(false);
+}
+
 bool up(std::string ifname) {
     struct ifreq ifr = ifreqFromName(ifname);
     if (!sendIfreq(SIOCGIFFLAGS, ifr)) return false;
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82ef0d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <libnetdevice/vlan.h>
+
+#include "NetlinkRequest.h"
+#include "NetlinkSocket.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+namespace android::netdevice::vlan {
+
+bool add(const std::string& eth, const std::string& vlan, uint16_t id) {
+    const auto ethidx = nametoindex(eth);
+    if (ethidx == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Ethernet interface " << eth << " doesn't exist";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    NetlinkRequest<struct ifinfomsg> req(RTM_NEWLINK, NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_CREATE | NLM_F_EXCL);
+    req.addattr(IFLA_IFNAME, vlan);
+    req.addattr<uint32_t>(IFLA_LINK, ethidx);
+
+    {
+        auto linkinfo = req.nest(IFLA_LINKINFO);
+        req.addattr(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "vlan");
+
+        {
+            auto linkinfo = req.nest(IFLA_INFO_DATA);
+            req.addattr(IFLA_VLAN_ID, id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    NetlinkSocket sock(NETLINK_ROUTE);
+    return sock.send(req) && sock.receiveAck();
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::netdevice::vlan
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/service.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/service.cpp
index b52a54a..b5801c0 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/service.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/service.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
+#include <libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h>
 
 namespace android::hardware::automotive::can::V1_0::implementation {
 
@@ -27,6 +28,8 @@
     configureRpcThreadpool(16, true);
     LOG(DEBUG) << "CAN controller service starting...";
 
+    netdevice::useCanSockets(true);
+
     sp<CanController> canController(new CanController);
     if (canController->registerAsService("socketcan") != OK) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to register CAN controller";
diff --git a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 086a199..d61f0a8 100644
--- a/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/evs/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.2",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["vts"],
     cflags: [
         "-O0",
         "-g",
diff --git a/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp b/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 1256b69..514b0af 100644
--- a/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@
         "android.hardware.automotive.occupant_awareness-cpp",
     ],
     test_suites: [
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 0e5d3df..d5d72a6 100644
--- a/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/sv/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
         "android.hidl.memory@1.0",
         "libhidlmemory",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
     cflags: [
         "-O0",
         "-g",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/vhal_v2_0/EmulatedUserHal.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/vhal_v2_0/EmulatedUserHal.cpp
index 2c2f23c..c1db124 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/vhal_v2_0/EmulatedUserHal.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/impl/vhal_v2_0/EmulatedUserHal.cpp
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
         case USER_IDENTIFICATION_ASSOCIATION:
             return onSetUserIdentificationAssociation(value);
         default:
-            return android::base::Error(static_cast<int>(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG))
+            return android::base::Error((int)StatusCode::INVALID_ARG)
                    << "Unsupported property: " << toString(value);
     }
 }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@
 EmulatedUserHal::onSetInitialUserInfoResponse(const VehiclePropValue& value) {
     if (value.value.int32Values.size() == 0) {
         ALOGE("set(INITIAL_USER_INFO): no int32values, ignoring it: %s", toString(value).c_str());
-        return android::base::Error(static_cast<int>(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG))
+        return android::base::Error((int)StatusCode::INVALID_ARG)
                << "no int32values on " << toString(value);
     }
 
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
         const VehiclePropValue& value) {
     if (value.value.int32Values.size() == 0) {
         ALOGE("set(SWITCH_USER): no int32values, ignoring it: %s", toString(value).c_str());
-        return android::base::Error(static_cast<int>(StatusCode::INVALID_ARG))
+        return android::base::Error((int)StatusCode::INVALID_ARG)
                << "no int32values on " << toString(value);
     }
 
@@ -276,12 +276,12 @@
         case 3:
             ALOGD("not generating a property change event because of lshal prop: %s",
                   toString(*response).c_str());
-            return android::base::Error(static_cast<int>(StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE))
+            return android::base::Error((int)StatusCode::NOT_AVAILABLE)
                    << "not generating a property change event because of lshal prop: "
                    << toString(*response);
         default:
             ALOGE("invalid action on lshal response: %s", toString(*response).c_str());
-            return android::base::Error(static_cast<int>(StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR))
+            return android::base::Error((int)StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR)
                    << "invalid action on lshal response: " << toString(*response);
     }
 
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.1/Android.bp b/biometrics/face/1.1/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2206597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// This file is autogenerated by hidl-gen -Landroidbp.
+
+hidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1",
+    root: "android.hardware",
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
+    srcs: [
+        "IBiometricsFace.hal",
+    ],
+    interfaces: [
+        "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0",
+        "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+    ],
+    gen_java: true,
+}
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.1/IBiometricsFace.hal b/biometrics/face/1.1/IBiometricsFace.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84e7443
--- /dev/null
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/IBiometricsFace.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1;
+
+import @1.0::IBiometricsFace;
+import @1.0::Status;
+import @1.0::Feature;
+
+/**
+ * The HAL interface for biometric face authentication.
+ */
+interface IBiometricsFace extends @1.0::IBiometricsFace {
+    /**
+     * Enrolls a user's face for a remote client, for example Android Auto.
+     *
+     * The HAL implementation is responsible for creating a secure communication
+     * channel and receiving the enrollment images from a mobile device with
+     * face authentication hardware.
+     *
+     * Note that the Hardware Authentication Token must be valid for the
+     * duration of enrollment and thus should be explicitly invalidated by a
+     * call to revokeChallenge() when enrollment is complete, to reduce the
+     * window of opportunity to re-use the challenge and HAT. For example,
+     * Settings calls generateChallenge() once to allow the user to enroll one
+     * or more faces or toggle secure settings without having to re-enter the
+     * PIN/pattern/password. Once the user completes the operation, Settings
+     * invokes revokeChallenge() to close the transaction. If the HAT is expired,
+     * the implementation must invoke onError with UNABLE_TO_PROCESS.
+     *
+     * Requirements for using this API:
+     * - Mobile devices MUST NOT delegate enrollment to another device by calling
+     * this API. This feature is intended only to allow enrollment on devices
+     * where it is impossible to enroll locally on the device.
+     * - The path MUST be protected by a secret key with rollback protection.
+     * - Synchronizing between devices MUST be accomplished by having both
+     * devices agree on a secret PIN entered by the user (similar to BT
+     * pairing procedure) and use a salted version of that PIN plus other secret
+     * to encrypt traffic.
+     * - All communication to/from the remote device MUST be encrypted and signed
+     * to prevent image injection and other man-in-the-middle type attacks.
+     * - generateChallenge() and revokeChallenge() MUST be implemented on both
+     * remote and local host (e.g. hash the result of the remote host with a
+     * local secret before responding to the API call) and any transmission of
+     * the challenge between hosts MUST be signed to prevent man-in-the-middle
+     * attacks.
+     * - In the event of a lost connection, the result of the last
+     * generateChallenge() MUST be invalidated and the process started over.
+     * - Both the remote and local host MUST honor the timeout and invalidate the
+     * challenge.
+     *
+     * This method triggers the IBiometricsFaceClientCallback#onEnrollResult()
+     * method.
+     *
+     * @param hat A valid Hardware Authentication Token, generated as a result
+     *     of a generateChallenge() challenge being wrapped by the gatekeeper
+     *     after a successful strong authentication request.
+     * @param timeoutSec A timeout in seconds, after which this enroll
+     *     attempt is cancelled. Note that the framework can continue
+     *     enrollment by calling this again with a valid HAT. This timeout is
+     *     expected to be used to limit power usage if the device becomes idle
+     *     during enrollment. The implementation is expected to send
+     *     ERROR_TIMEOUT if this happens.
+     * @param disabledFeatures A list of features to be disabled during
+     *     enrollment. Note that all features are enabled by default.
+     * @return status The status of this method call.
+     */
+    enrollRemotely(vec<uint8_t> hat, uint32_t timeoutSec, vec<Feature> disabledFeatures)
+        generates (Status status);
+
+    /**
+     * Enrolls a user's face.
+     *
+     * Note that the Hardware Authentication Token must be valid for the
+     * duration of enrollment and thus should be explicitly invalidated by a
+     * call to revokeChallenge() when enrollment is complete, to reduce the
+     * window of opportunity to re-use the challenge and HAT. For example,
+     * Settings calls generateChallenge() once to allow the user to enroll one
+     * or more faces or toggle secure settings without having to re-enter the
+     * PIN/pattern/password. Once the user completes the operation, Settings
+     * invokes revokeChallenge() to close the transaction. If the HAT is expired,
+     * the implementation must invoke onError with UNABLE_TO_PROCESS.
+     *
+     * This method triggers the IBiometricsFaceClientCallback#onEnrollResult()
+     * method.
+     *
+     * @param hat A valid Hardware Authentication Token, generated as a result
+     *     of a generateChallenge() challenge being wrapped by the gatekeeper
+     *     after a successful strong authentication request.
+     * @param timeoutSec A timeout in seconds, after which this enroll
+     *     attempt is cancelled. Note that the framework can continue
+     *     enrollment by calling this again with a valid HAT. This timeout is
+     *     expected to be used to limit power usage if the device becomes idle
+     *     during enrollment. The implementation is expected to send
+     *     ERROR_TIMEOUT if this happens.
+     * @param disabledFeatures A list of features to be disabled during
+     *     enrollment. Note that all features are enabled by default.
+     * @param windowId optional ID of a camera preview window for a
+     *     single-camera device. Must be null if not used.
+     * @return status The status of this method call.
+     */
+    enroll_1_1(vec<uint8_t> hat, uint32_t timeoutSec, vec<Feature> disabledFeatures,
+        handle windowId) generates (Status status);
+};
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/Android.bp b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/Android.bp
similarity index 84%
rename from biometrics/face/1.0/default/Android.bp
rename to biometrics/face/1.1/default/Android.bp
index d6ff087..360071f 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/Android.bp
@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@
  */
 
 cc_binary {
-    name: "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.example",
+    name: "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service.example",
     defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
     vendor: true,
-    init_rc: ["android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.rc"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service.rc"],
     vintf_fragments: ["manifest_face_default.xml"],
     relative_install_path: "hw",
     proprietary: true,
@@ -31,5 +31,6 @@
         "libutils",
         "liblog",
         "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/BiometricsFace.cpp b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/BiometricsFace.cpp
similarity index 81%
rename from biometrics/face/1.0/default/BiometricsFace.cpp
rename to biometrics/face/1.1/default/BiometricsFace.cpp
index 2dd6476..2143880 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/BiometricsFace.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/BiometricsFace.cpp
@@ -110,4 +110,20 @@
     return Status::OK;
 }
 
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_1::IBiometricsFace follow.
+Return<Status> BiometricsFace::enroll_1_1(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& /* hat */,
+                                          uint32_t /* timeoutSec */,
+                                          const hidl_vec<Feature>& /* disabledFeatures */,
+                                          const hidl_handle& /* windowId */) {
+    mClientCallback->onError(kDeviceId, mUserId, FaceError::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorCode */);
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
+Return<Status> BiometricsFace::enrollRemotely(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& /* hat */,
+                                              uint32_t /* timeoutSec */,
+                                              const hidl_vec<Feature>& /* disabledFeatures */) {
+    mClientCallback->onError(kDeviceId, mUserId, FaceError::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, 0 /* vendorCode */);
+    return Status::OK;
+}
+
 }  // namespace android::hardware::biometrics::face::implementation
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/BiometricsFace.h b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/BiometricsFace.h
similarity index 81%
rename from biometrics/face/1.0/default/BiometricsFace.h
rename to biometrics/face/1.1/default/BiometricsFace.h
index 1d99ed2..5ce5771 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/BiometricsFace.h
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/BiometricsFace.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.0/IBiometricsFace.h>
+#include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.1/IBiometricsFace.h>
 #include <hidl/MQDescriptor.h>
 #include <hidl/Status.h>
 #include <random>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::IBiometricsFaceClientCallback;
 using ::android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::Status;
 
-class BiometricsFace : public V1_0::IBiometricsFace {
+class BiometricsFace : public V1_1::IBiometricsFace {
   public:
     BiometricsFace();
 
@@ -71,6 +71,14 @@
 
     Return<Status> resetLockout(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& hat) override;
 
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_1::IBiometricsFace follow.
+    Return<Status> enroll_1_1(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& hat, uint32_t timeoutSec,
+                              const hidl_vec<Feature>& disabledFeatures,
+                              const hidl_handle& windowId) override;
+
+    Return<Status> enrollRemotely(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& hat, uint32_t timeoutSec,
+                                  const hidl_vec<Feature>& disabledFeatures) override;
+
   private:
     std::mt19937 mRandom;
     int32_t mUserId;
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.rc b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service.rc
similarity index 75%
rename from biometrics/face/1.0/default/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.rc
rename to biometrics/face/1.1/default/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service.rc
index 6c7362f..687e2d8 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.rc
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service.rc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-service vendor.face-hal-1-0-default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.example
+service vendor.face-hal-1-1-default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service.example
     # "class hal" causes a race condition on some devices due to files created
     # in /data. As a workaround, postpone startup until later in boot once
     # /data is mounted.
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/manifest_face_default.xml b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/manifest_face_default.xml
similarity index 90%
rename from biometrics/face/1.0/default/manifest_face_default.xml
rename to biometrics/face/1.1/default/manifest_face_default.xml
index 380ae49..ec71d9c 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/manifest_face_default.xml
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/manifest_face_default.xml
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     <hal format="hidl">
         <name>android.hardware.biometrics.face</name>
         <transport>hwbinder</transport>
-        <version>1.0</version>
+        <version>1.1</version>
         <interface>
             <name>IBiometricsFace</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/service.cpp b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/service.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from biometrics/face/1.0/default/service.cpp
rename to biometrics/face/1.1/default/service.cpp
index 9818c95..344bdb9 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/service.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/default/service.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service"
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1-service"
 
 #include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.0/types.h>
-#include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.0/IBiometricsFace.h>
+#include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.1/IBiometricsFace.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
 #include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 using android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool;
 using android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
 using android::hardware::biometrics::face::implementation::BiometricsFace;
-using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::IBiometricsFace;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_1::IBiometricsFace;
 
 int main() {
     ALOGI("BiometricsFace HAL is being started.");
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/Android.bp b/biometrics/face/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
similarity index 60%
copy from biometrics/face/1.0/default/Android.bp
copy to biometrics/face/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index d6ff087..aa0b1fa 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,22 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-cc_binary {
-    name: "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.example",
-    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
-    vendor: true,
-    init_rc: ["android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0-service.rc"],
-    vintf_fragments: ["manifest_face_default.xml"],
-    relative_install_path: "hw",
-    proprietary: true,
-    srcs: [
-        "BiometricsFace.cpp",
-        "service.cpp",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "libutils",
-        "liblog",
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_1TargetTest",
+    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
+    srcs: ["VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_1TargetTest.cpp"],
+    static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.1",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/biometrics/face/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_1TargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a105d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "biometrics_face_hidl_hal_test"
+
+#include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.0/IBiometricsFaceClientCallback.h>
+#include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.1/IBiometricsFace.h>
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <random>
+
+using android::sp;
+using android::hardware::hidl_handle;
+using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using android::hardware::Return;
+using android::hardware::Void;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::FaceAcquiredInfo;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::FaceError;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::IBiometricsFaceClientCallback;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::OptionalUint64;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_0::Status;
+using android::hardware::biometrics::face::V1_1::IBiometricsFace;
+
+namespace {
+
+// Arbitrary, nonexistent userId
+constexpr uint32_t kUserId = 9;
+constexpr uint32_t kTimeoutSec = 3;
+constexpr auto kTimeout = std::chrono::seconds(kTimeoutSec);
+constexpr char kFacedataDir[] = "/data/vendor_de/0/facedata";
+constexpr char kCallbackNameOnError[] = "onError";
+
+// Callback arguments that need to be captured for the tests.
+struct FaceCallbackArgs {
+    // The error passed to the last onError() callback.
+    FaceError error;
+
+    // The userId passed to the last callback.
+    int32_t userId;
+};
+
+// Test callback class for the BiometricsFace HAL.
+// The HAL will call these callback methods to notify about completed operations
+// or encountered errors.
+class FaceCallback : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase<FaceCallbackArgs>,
+                     public IBiometricsFaceClientCallback {
+  public:
+    Return<void> onEnrollResult(uint64_t, uint32_t, int32_t, uint32_t) override { return Void(); }
+
+    Return<void> onAuthenticated(uint64_t, uint32_t, int32_t, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>&) override {
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> onAcquired(uint64_t, int32_t, FaceAcquiredInfo, int32_t) override {
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> onError(uint64_t, int32_t userId, FaceError error, int32_t) override {
+        FaceCallbackArgs args = {};
+        args.error = error;
+        args.userId = userId;
+        NotifyFromCallback(kCallbackNameOnError, args);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> onRemoved(uint64_t, const hidl_vec<uint32_t>&, int32_t) override { return Void(); }
+
+    Return<void> onEnumerate(uint64_t, const hidl_vec<uint32_t>&, int32_t) override {
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> onLockoutChanged(uint64_t) override { return Void(); }
+};
+
+// Test class for the BiometricsFace HAL.
+class FaceHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mService = IBiometricsFace::getService(GetParam());
+        ASSERT_NE(mService, nullptr);
+        mCallback = new FaceCallback();
+        mCallback->SetWaitTimeoutDefault(kTimeout);
+        Return<void> ret1 = mService->setCallback(mCallback, [](const OptionalUint64& res) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, res.status);
+            // Makes sure the "deviceId" represented by "res.value" is not 0.
+            // 0 would mean the HIDL is not available.
+            ASSERT_NE(0UL, res.value);
+        });
+        ASSERT_TRUE(ret1.isOk());
+        Return<Status> ret2 = mService->setActiveUser(kUserId, kFacedataDir);
+        ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret2));
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {}
+
+    sp<IBiometricsFace> mService;
+    sp<FaceCallback> mCallback;
+};
+
+// enroll with an invalid (all zeroes) HAT should fail.
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, Enroll1_1ZeroHatTest) {
+    // Filling HAT with zeros
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> token(69);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 69; i++) {
+        token[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    hidl_handle windowId = nullptr;
+    Return<Status> ret = mService->enroll_1_1(token, kTimeoutSec, {}, windowId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
+
+    // onError should be called with a meaningful (nonzero) error.
+    auto res = mCallback->WaitForCallback(kCallbackNameOnError);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(res.no_timeout);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kUserId, res.args->userId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FaceError::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, res.args->error);
+}
+
+// enroll with an invalid HAT should fail.
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, Enroll1_1GarbageHatTest) {
+    // Filling HAT with pseudorandom invalid data.
+    // Using default seed to make the test reproducible.
+    std::mt19937 gen(std::mt19937::default_seed);
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<uint8_t> dist;
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> token(69);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 69; ++i) {
+        token[i] = dist(gen);
+    }
+
+    hidl_handle windowId = nullptr;
+    Return<Status> ret = mService->enroll_1_1(token, kTimeoutSec, {}, windowId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
+
+    // onError should be called with a meaningful (nonzero) error.
+    auto res = mCallback->WaitForCallback(kCallbackNameOnError);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(res.no_timeout);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kUserId, res.args->userId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FaceError::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, res.args->error);
+}
+
+// enroll with an invalid (all zeroes) HAT should fail.
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, EnrollRemotelyZeroHatTest) {
+    // Filling HAT with zeros
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> token(69);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 69; i++) {
+        token[i] = 0;
+    }
+
+    Return<Status> ret = mService->enrollRemotely(token, kTimeoutSec, {});
+    ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
+
+    // onError should be called with a meaningful (nonzero) error.
+    auto res = mCallback->WaitForCallback(kCallbackNameOnError);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(res.no_timeout);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kUserId, res.args->userId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FaceError::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, res.args->error);
+}
+
+// enroll with an invalid HAT should fail.
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, EnrollRemotelyGarbageHatTest) {
+    // Filling HAT with pseudorandom invalid data.
+    // Using default seed to make the test reproducible.
+    std::mt19937 gen(std::mt19937::default_seed);
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<uint8_t> dist;
+    hidl_vec<uint8_t> token(69);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 69; ++i) {
+        token[i] = dist(gen);
+    }
+
+    Return<Status> ret = mService->enrollRemotely(token, kTimeoutSec, {});
+    ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
+
+    // onError should be called with a meaningful (nonzero) error.
+    auto res = mCallback->WaitForCallback(kCallbackNameOnError);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(res.no_timeout);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kUserId, res.args->userId);
+    EXPECT_EQ(FaceError::UNABLE_TO_PROCESS, res.args->error);
+}
+
+}  // anonymous namespace
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, FaceHidlTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IBiometricsFace::descriptor)),
+        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);
diff --git a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 496570c..5e8e7c8 100644
--- a/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/biometrics/fingerprint/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 4b9d6f1..cd66f74 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -49,5 +49,5 @@
         "libhidlmemory",
         "libgralloctypes",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/Android.bp b/cas/1.0/default/Android.bp
index 802dce1..f9977ff 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
       "TypeConvert.cpp",
     ],
 
+    compile_multilib: "32",
+
     shared_libs: [
       "android.hardware.cas@1.0",
       "android.hardware.cas.native@1.0",
diff --git a/cas/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/cas/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index ab39c0e..82dc568 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -29,6 +29,6 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbinder",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.1/default/Android.bp b/cas/1.1/default/Android.bp
index dc42a42..66a1eb8 100644
--- a/cas/1.1/default/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/1.1/default/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
       "TypeConvert.cpp",
     ],
 
+    compile_multilib: "32",
+
     shared_libs: [
       "android.hardware.cas@1.0",
       "android.hardware.cas@1.1",
diff --git a/cas/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/cas/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 9e8eb52..de223c8 100644
--- a/cas/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -30,6 +30,6 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbinder",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.2/default/Android.bp b/cas/1.2/default/Android.bp
index 94d5b3d..9e53148 100644
--- a/cas/1.2/default/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/1.2/default/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
       "TypeConvert.cpp",
     ],
 
+    compile_multilib: "32",
+
     shared_libs: [
       "android.hardware.cas@1.0",
       "android.hardware.cas@1.1",
diff --git a/cas/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/cas/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 2d6517f..74ea85f 100644
--- a/cas/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/cas/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/contexthub/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/contexthub/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index f1625a6..034c11f 100644
--- a/contexthub/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/contexthub/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/drm/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp b/drm/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
index bd9db85..3e40adf 100644
--- a/drm/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/drm/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -87,6 +87,6 @@
     },
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index c9914fb..94bfb89 100644
--- a/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index da5289d..d67677a 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -31,5 +31,5 @@
         "android.hardware.gnss@2.1",
         "android.hardware.gnss@common-vts-lib",
     ],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
diff --git a/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.cpp b/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.cpp
index 2b327a9..16f2bf3 100644
--- a/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.cpp
+++ b/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.cpp
@@ -17,14 +17,15 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "Gnss"
 
 #include "Gnss.h"
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <string>
 #include "GnssAntennaInfo.h"
 #include "GnssDebug.h"
 #include "GnssMeasurement.h"
 #include "GnssMeasurementCorrections.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 
-#include <log/log.h>
-
 using ::android::hardware::gnss::common::Utils;
 using ::android::hardware::gnss::measurement_corrections::V1_1::implementation::
         GnssMeasurementCorrections;
@@ -40,14 +41,55 @@
 sp<V1_1::IGnssCallback> Gnss::sGnssCallback_1_1 = nullptr;
 sp<V1_0::IGnssCallback> Gnss::sGnssCallback_1_0 = nullptr;
 
-Gnss::Gnss() : mMinIntervalMs(1000), mGnssConfiguration{new GnssConfiguration()} {}
+Gnss::Gnss()
+    : mMinIntervalMs(1000),
+      mGnssConfiguration{new GnssConfiguration()},
+      mHardwareModeOn(false),
+      mGnssFd(-1) {}
 
 Gnss::~Gnss() {
     stop();
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> Gnss::getLocationFromHW() {
+    char inputBuffer[INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    mHardwareModeOn = false;
+    if (mGnssFd == -1) {
+        mGnssFd = open(GNSS_PATH, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+    }
+    if (mGnssFd == -1) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    // Send control message to device
+    int bytes_write = write(mGnssFd, CMD_GET_LOCATION, strlen(CMD_GET_LOCATION));
+    if (bytes_write <= 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    struct epoll_event ev, events[1];
+    ev.data.fd = mGnssFd;
+    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
+    int epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0);
+    epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mGnssFd, &ev);
+    int bytes_read = -1;
+    std::string inputStr = "";
+    int epoll_ret = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, 1, mMinIntervalMs);
+    // Indicates it is a hardwareMode, don't need to wait outside.
+    mHardwareModeOn = true;
+    if (epoll_ret == -1) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    while (true) {
+        bytes_read = read(mGnssFd, &inputBuffer, INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        if (bytes_read <= 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        inputStr += std::string(inputBuffer, bytes_read);
+    }
+    return NmeaFixInfo::getLocationFromInputStr(inputStr);
+}
+
 Return<bool> Gnss::start() {
-    ALOGD("start");
     if (mIsActive) {
         ALOGW("Gnss has started. Restarting...");
         stop();
@@ -59,15 +101,24 @@
             auto svStatus = filterBlacklistedSatellitesV2_1(Utils::getMockSvInfoListV2_1());
             this->reportSvStatus(svStatus);
 
-            if (sGnssCallback_2_1 != nullptr || sGnssCallback_2_0 != nullptr) {
-                const auto location = Utils::getMockLocationV2_0();
-                this->reportLocation(location);
+            auto currentLocation = getLocationFromHW();
+            if (currentLocation != nullptr) {
+                this->reportLocation(*currentLocation);
             } else {
-                const auto location = Utils::getMockLocationV1_0();
-                this->reportLocation(location);
-            }
+                if (sGnssCallback_2_1 != nullptr || sGnssCallback_2_0 != nullptr) {
+                    const auto location = Utils::getMockLocationV2_0();
+                    this->reportLocation(location);
+                } else {
+                    const auto location = Utils::getMockLocationV1_0();
+                    this->reportLocation(location);
+                }
 
-            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(mMinIntervalMs));
+                // Only need do the sleep in the static location mode, which mocks the "wait
+                // for" hardware behavior.
+                if (!mHardwareModeOn) {
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(mMinIntervalMs));
+                }
+            }
         }
     });
     return true;
@@ -89,6 +140,10 @@
     if (mThread.joinable()) {
         mThread.join();
     }
+    if (mGnssFd != -1) {
+        close(mGnssFd);
+        mGnssFd = -1;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.h b/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.h
index bd5e6e8..9af0d46 100644
--- a/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.h
+++ b/gnss/2.1/default/Gnss.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include "GnssAntennaInfo.h"
 #include "GnssConfiguration.h"
+#include "NmeaFixInfo.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -31,9 +32,14 @@
 namespace V2_1 {
 
 using GnssSvInfo = IGnssCallback::GnssSvInfo;
+using ::android::hardware::gnss::common::NmeaFixInfo;
 
 namespace implementation {
 
+constexpr int INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+constexpr char CMD_GET_LOCATION[] = "CMD_GET_LOCATION";
+constexpr char GNSS_PATH[] = "/dev/gnss0";
+
 struct Gnss : public IGnss {
     Gnss();
     ~Gnss();
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@
     Return<sp<V2_1::IGnssAntennaInfo>> getExtensionGnssAntennaInfo() override;
 
   private:
+    std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> getLocationFromHW();
     void reportLocation(const V2_0::GnssLocation&) const;
     void reportLocation(const V1_0::GnssLocation&) const;
     void reportSvStatus(const hidl_vec<GnssSvInfo>&) const;
@@ -106,7 +113,10 @@
     std::atomic<long> mMinIntervalMs;
     sp<GnssConfiguration> mGnssConfiguration;
     std::atomic<bool> mIsActive;
+    std::atomic<bool> mHardwareModeOn;
+    std::atomic<int> mGnssFd;
     std::thread mThread;
+
     mutable std::mutex mMutex;
     hidl_vec<GnssSvInfo> filterBlacklistedSatellitesV2_1(hidl_vec<GnssSvInfo> gnssSvInfoList);
 };
diff --git a/gnss/2.1/default/GnssAntennaInfo.h b/gnss/2.1/default/GnssAntennaInfo.h
index 94b2111..f2ce9a8 100644
--- a/gnss/2.1/default/GnssAntennaInfo.h
+++ b/gnss/2.1/default/GnssAntennaInfo.h
@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@
 }  // namespace hardware
 }  // namespace android
 
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GNSS_V2_1_GNSSCONFIGURATION_H
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GNSS_V2_1_GNSSCONFIGURATION_H
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/gnss/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index f008a26..b3051d4 100644
--- a/gnss/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp b/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp
index 577f6ae..2712e77 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "Utils.cpp",
+        "NmeaFixInfo.cpp",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/NmeaFixInfo.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/NmeaFixInfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e008b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/NmeaFixInfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "NmeaFixInfo"
+
+#include <Constants.h>
+#include <NmeaFixInfo.h>
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+NmeaFixInfo::NmeaFixInfo() : hasGMCRecord(false), hasGGARecord(false) {}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getAltitudeMeters() const {
+    return altitudeMeters;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::checkAndConvertToFloat(const std::string& sentence) {
+    if (sentence.empty()) {
+        return std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN();
+    }
+    return std::stof(sentence);
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getBearingAccuracyDegrees() const {
+    // Current NMEA doesn't contains beaing accuracy inforamtion
+    return kMockBearingAccuracyDegrees;
+}
+float NmeaFixInfo::getBearingDegrees() const {
+    return bearingDegrees;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getHorizontalAccuracyMeters() const {
+    // Current NMEA doesn't contains horizontal accuracy inforamtion
+    return kMockHorizontalAccuracyMeters;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getLatDeg() const {
+    return latDeg;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getLngDeg() const {
+    return lngDeg;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getSpeedAccuracyMetersPerSecond() const {
+    // Current NMEA doesn't contains speed accuracy inforamtion
+    return kMockSpeedAccuracyMetersPerSecond;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getSpeedMetersPerSec() const {
+    return speedMetersPerSec;
+}
+
+int64_t NmeaFixInfo::getTimestamp() const {
+    return timestamp;
+}
+
+float NmeaFixInfo::getVerticalAccuracyMeters() const {
+    // Current NMEA doesn't contains vertical accuracy inforamtion
+    return kMockVerticalAccuracyMeters;
+}
+
+int64_t NmeaFixInfo::nmeaPartsToTimestamp(const std::string& timeStr, const std::string& dateStr) {
+    /**
+     * In NMEA format, the full time can only get from the $GPRMC record, see
+     * the following example:
+     * $GPRMC,213204.00,A,3725.371240,N,12205.589239,W,000.0,000.0,290819,,,A*49
+     * the datetime is stored in two parts, 213204 and 290819, which means
+     * 2019/08/29 21:32:04, however for in unix the year starts from 1900, we
+     * need to add the offset.
+     */
+    struct tm tm;
+    const int32_t unixYearOffset = 100;
+    tm.tm_mday = std::stoi(dateStr.substr(0, 2).c_str());
+    tm.tm_mon = std::stoi(dateStr.substr(2, 2).c_str()) - 1;
+    tm.tm_year = std::stoi(dateStr.substr(4, 2).c_str()) + unixYearOffset;
+    tm.tm_hour = std::stoi(timeStr.substr(0, 2).c_str());
+    tm.tm_min = std::stoi(timeStr.substr(2, 2).c_str());
+    tm.tm_sec = std::stoi(timeStr.substr(4, 2).c_str());
+    return static_cast<int64_t>(mktime(&tm) - timezone);
+}
+
+bool NmeaFixInfo::isValidFix() const {
+    return hasGMCRecord && hasGGARecord;
+}
+
+void NmeaFixInfo::parseGGALine(const std::vector<std::string>& sentenceValues) {
+    if (sentenceValues.size() == 0 || sentenceValues[0].compare(GPGA_RECORD_TAG) != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // LatDeg, need covert to degree, if it is 'N', should be negative value
+    this->latDeg = std::stof(sentenceValues[2].substr(0, 2)) +
+                   (std::stof(sentenceValues[2].substr(2)) / 60.0);
+    if (sentenceValues[3].compare("N") != 0) {
+        this->latDeg *= -1;
+    }
+
+    // LngDeg, need covert to degree, if it is 'E', should be negative value
+    this->lngDeg = std::stof(sentenceValues[4].substr(0, 3)) +
+                   std::stof(sentenceValues[4].substr(3)) / 60.0;
+    if (sentenceValues[5].compare("E") != 0) {
+        this->lngDeg *= -1;
+    }
+
+    this->altitudeMeters = std::stof(sentenceValues[9]);
+
+    this->hDop = sentenceValues[8].empty() ? std::numeric_limits<float>::quiet_NaN()
+                                           : std::stof(sentenceValues[8]);
+    this->hasGGARecord = true;
+}
+
+void NmeaFixInfo::parseRMCLine(const std::vector<std::string>& sentenceValues) {
+    if (sentenceValues.size() == 0 || sentenceValues[0].compare(GPRMC_RECORD_TAG) != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    this->speedMetersPerSec = checkAndConvertToFloat(sentenceValues[7]);
+    this->bearingDegrees = checkAndConvertToFloat(sentenceValues[8]);
+    this->timestamp = nmeaPartsToTimestamp(sentenceValues[1], sentenceValues[9]);
+    this->hasGMCRecord = true;
+}
+
+/** invalid the current NmeaFixInfo */
+void NmeaFixInfo::reset() {
+    this->altitudeMeters = 0;
+    this->bearingDegrees = 0;
+    this->fixId = 0;
+    this->hasGMCRecord = false;
+    this->hasGGARecord = false;
+    this->latDeg = 0;
+    this->lngDeg = 0;
+    this->hDop = 0;
+    this->vDop = 0;
+    this->satelliteCount = 0;
+    this->speedMetersPerSec = 0;
+    this->timestamp = 0;
+}
+
+void NmeaFixInfo::splitStr(const std::string& line, const char& delimiter,
+                           std::vector<std::string>& out) {
+    std::istringstream iss(line);
+    std::string item;
+    while (std::getline(iss, item, delimiter)) {
+        out.push_back(item);
+    }
+}
+
+NmeaFixInfo& NmeaFixInfo::operator=(const NmeaFixInfo& rhs) {
+    if (this == &rhs) return *this;
+    this->altitudeMeters = rhs.altitudeMeters;
+    this->bearingDegrees = rhs.bearingDegrees;
+    this->fixId = rhs.fixId;
+    this->hasGMCRecord = rhs.hasGMCRecord;
+    this->hasGGARecord = rhs.hasGGARecord;
+    this->hDop = rhs.hDop;
+    this->vDop = rhs.vDop;
+    this->latDeg = rhs.latDeg;
+    this->lngDeg = rhs.lngDeg;
+    this->satelliteCount = rhs.satelliteCount;
+    this->speedMetersPerSec = rhs.speedMetersPerSec;
+    this->timestamp = rhs.timestamp;
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses the input string in NMEA format and convert to GnssLocation.
+ * Currently version only cares about $GPGGA and $GPRMC records. but we
+ * can easily extend to other types supported by NMEA if needed.
+ */
+std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> NmeaFixInfo::getLocationFromInputStr(
+        const std::string& inputStr) {
+    std::vector<std::string> nmeaRecords;
+    splitStr(inputStr, LINE_SEPARATOR, nmeaRecords);
+    NmeaFixInfo nmeaFixInfo;
+    NmeaFixInfo candidateFixInfo;
+    uint32_t fixId = 0;
+    double lastTimeStamp = 0;
+    for (const auto& line : nmeaRecords) {
+        std::vector<std::string> sentenceValues;
+        splitStr(line, COMMA_SEPARATOR, sentenceValues);
+        double currentTimeStamp = std::stof(sentenceValues[1]);
+        // If see a new timestamp, report correct location.
+        if ((currentTimeStamp - lastTimeStamp) > TIMESTAMP_EPSILON &&
+            candidateFixInfo.isValidFix()) {
+            nmeaFixInfo = candidateFixInfo;
+            candidateFixInfo.reset();
+            fixId++;
+        }
+        if (line.compare(0, strlen(GPGA_RECORD_TAG), GPGA_RECORD_TAG) == 0) {
+            candidateFixInfo.fixId = fixId;
+            candidateFixInfo.parseGGALine(sentenceValues);
+        } else if (line.compare(0, strlen(GPRMC_RECORD_TAG), GPRMC_RECORD_TAG) == 0) {
+            candidateFixInfo.parseRMCLine(sentenceValues);
+        }
+    }
+    if (candidateFixInfo.isValidFix()) {
+        nmeaFixInfo = candidateFixInfo;
+        candidateFixInfo.reset();
+    }
+    if (!nmeaFixInfo.isValidFix()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return nmeaFixInfo.toGnssLocation();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses the input string in NMEA format and convert to GnssLocation.
+ */
+std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> NmeaFixInfo::toGnssLocation() const {
+    const V2_0::ElapsedRealtime currentOsTimestamp = {
+            .flags = V2_0::ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS |
+                     V2_0::ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS,
+            .timestampNs = static_cast<uint64_t>(::android::elapsedRealtimeNano()),
+            // This is an hardcoded value indicating a 1ms of uncertainty between the two clocks.
+            // In an actual implementation provide an estimate of the synchronization uncertainty
+            // or don't set the field.
+            .timeUncertaintyNs = 1000000};
+
+    V1_0::GnssLocation locationV1 = {
+            .gnssLocationFlags = 0xFF,
+            .latitudeDegrees = this->getLatDeg(),
+            .longitudeDegrees = this->getLngDeg(),
+            .altitudeMeters = this->getAltitudeMeters(),
+            .speedMetersPerSec = this->getSpeedMetersPerSec(),
+            .bearingDegrees = this->getBearingDegrees(),
+            .horizontalAccuracyMeters = this->getHorizontalAccuracyMeters(),
+            .verticalAccuracyMeters = this->getVerticalAccuracyMeters(),
+            .speedAccuracyMetersPerSecond = this->getSpeedAccuracyMetersPerSecond(),
+            .bearingAccuracyDegrees = this->getBearingAccuracyDegrees(),
+            .timestamp = this->getTimestamp()};
+
+    V2_0::GnssLocation locationV2 = {.v1_0 = locationV1, .elapsedRealtime = currentOsTimestamp};
+
+    return std::make_unique<V2_0::GnssLocation>(locationV2);
+}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb2c1a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <Constants.h>
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/1.0/IGnss.h>
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/2.0/IGnss.h>
+#include <hidl/Status.h>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <string>
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+
+constexpr char GPGA_RECORD_TAG[] = "$GPGGA";
+constexpr char GPRMC_RECORD_TAG[] = "$GPRMC";
+constexpr char LINE_SEPARATOR = '\n';
+constexpr char COMMA_SEPARATOR = ',';
+constexpr double TIMESTAMP_EPSILON = 0.001;
+
+/** Helper class to parse and store the GNSS fix details information. */
+class NmeaFixInfo {
+  private:
+    float altitudeMeters;
+    float bearingDegrees;
+    uint32_t fixId;
+    bool hasGMCRecord;
+    bool hasGGARecord;
+    float hDop;
+    float vDop;
+    float latDeg;
+    float lngDeg;
+    uint32_t satelliteCount;
+    float speedMetersPerSec;
+    int64_t timestamp;
+
+  public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> getLocationFromInputStr(const std::string& inputStr);
+
+  private:
+    static void splitStr(const std::string& line, const char& delimiter,
+                         std::vector<std::string>& out);
+    static float checkAndConvertToFloat(const std::string& sentence);
+    static int64_t nmeaPartsToTimestamp(const std::string& timeStr, const std::string& dateStr);
+
+    NmeaFixInfo();
+    void parseGGALine(const std::vector<std::string>& sentenceValues);
+    void parseRMCLine(const std::vector<std::string>& sentenceValues);
+    std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> toGnssLocation() const;
+
+    // Getters
+    float getAltitudeMeters() const;
+    float getBearingAccuracyDegrees() const;
+    float getBearingDegrees() const;
+    uint32_t getFixId() const;
+    float getHorizontalAccuracyMeters() const;
+    float getLatDeg() const;
+    float getLngDeg() const;
+    float getSpeedAccuracyMetersPerSecond() const;
+    float getSpeedMetersPerSec() const;
+    int64_t getTimestamp() const;
+    float getVerticalAccuracyMeters() const;
+
+    bool isValidFix() const;
+    void reset();
+    NmeaFixInfo& operator=(const NmeaFixInfo& rhs);
+};
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 5f1ed63..dafbbf9 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -43,5 +43,5 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
     ],
     disable_framework: true,
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
index c78c358..3becace 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@
                    [](renderengine::LayerSettings& settings) -> renderengine::LayerSettings* {
                        return &settings;
                    });
-    mRenderEngine->drawLayers(mDisplaySettings, compositionLayerPointers,
-                              mGraphicBuffer->getNativeBuffer(), true, std::move(bufferFence),
-                              &readyFence);
+    mRenderEngine->drawLayers(mDisplaySettings, compositionLayerPointers, mGraphicBuffer, true,
+                              std::move(bufferFence), &readyFence);
     int fd = readyFence.release();
     if (fd != -1) {
         ASSERT_EQ(0, sync_wait(fd, -1));
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index e38af00..e1a254d 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -61,6 +61,6 @@
     disable_framework: true,
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
index fa4823e..18ea2aa 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -50,5 +50,5 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-command-buffer",
     ],
     disable_framework: true,
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 937af3d..9e7cc46 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -52,5 +52,5 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-command-buffer",
     ],
     disable_framework: true,
-    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts"],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 3542a6e..03abc89 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/4.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 150324b..99fdb8c 100644
--- a/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/input/classifier/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/rebootescrow/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp b/rebootescrow/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 5d51a53..2cc0068 100644
--- a/rebootescrow/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/rebootescrow/aidl/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
         "android.hardware.rebootescrow-cpp",
     ],
     test_suites: [
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
     require_root: true,
 }
diff --git a/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 4941ac2..c77733b 100644
--- a/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/sensors/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/sensors/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index c0803c7..83ebc6b 100644
--- a/sensors/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/sensors/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -35,6 +35,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/sensors/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/sensors/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 920b642..d257993 100644
--- a/sensors/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/sensors/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/soundtrigger/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp b/soundtrigger/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
index e3855fc..2c1b9e5 100644
--- a/soundtrigger/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/soundtrigger/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,6 @@
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tv/input/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/tv/input/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 5d20bce..29d4e21 100644
--- a/tv/input/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/tv/input/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     static_libs: ["android.hardware.tv.input@1.0"],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
-        "vts-core",
+        "vts",
     ],
     require_root: true,
 }