diff --git a/audio/4.0/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd b/audio/4.0/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd
index 34c2b11..14e4fd6 100644
--- a/audio/4.0/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd
+++ b/audio/4.0/config/audio_policy_configuration.xsd
@@ -218,24 +218,20 @@
 
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_EARPIECE"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER_SAFE"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_WIRED_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_WIRED_HEADPHONE"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_SCO"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_SCO_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_SCO_CARKIT"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_ALL_SCO"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP_HEADPHONES"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BLUETOOTH_A2DP_SPEAKER"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_ALL_A2DP"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_AUX_DIGITAL"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_HDMI"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_ANLG_DOCK_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_DGTL_DOCK_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_ACCESSORY"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_DEVICE"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_ALL_USB"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_REMOTE_SUBMIX"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_TELEPHONY_TX"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_LINE"/>
@@ -243,10 +239,13 @@
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPDIF"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_FM"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_AUX_LINE"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_SPEAKER_SAFE"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_IP"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_BUS"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_PROXY"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_USB_HEADSET"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_HEARING_AID"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_ECHO_CANCELLER"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_DEFAULT"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_STUB"/>
 
@@ -255,19 +254,17 @@
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_AMBIENT"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUILTIN_MIC"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BLUETOOTH_SCO_HEADSET"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_ALL_SCO"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_WIRED_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_AUX_DIGITAL"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_HDMI"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TELEPHONY_RX"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_VOICE_CALL"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TELEPHONY_RX"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BACK_MIC"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_REMOTE_SUBMIX"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_ANLG_DOCK_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_DGTL_DOCK_HEADSET"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_USB_ACCESSORY"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_USB_DEVICE"/>
-            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_ALL_USB"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_FM_TUNER"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_TV_TUNER"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_LINE"/>
@@ -278,6 +275,7 @@
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BUS"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_PROXY"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_USB_HEADSET"/>
+            <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_BLUETOOTH_BLE"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_DEFAULT"/>
             <xs:enumeration value="AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_STUB"/>
         </xs:restriction>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/Device.cpp b/audio/core/2.0/default/Device.cpp
index 221ea5c..b67203d 100644
--- a/audio/core/2.0/default/Device.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/Device.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include "core/2.0/default/Conversions.h"
 #include "core/2.0/default/StreamIn.h"
 #include "core/2.0/default/StreamOut.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/2.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/Device.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp b/audio/core/2.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp
index 33a3ad9..963e291 100644
--- a/audio/core/2.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "core/2.0/default/ParametersUtil.h"
+#include "core/2.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/ParametersUtil.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp b/audio/core/2.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp
index ce57403..decaa14 100644
--- a/audio/core/2.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "PrimaryDeviceHAL"
 
 #include "core/2.0/default/PrimaryDevice.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/2.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/PrimaryDevice.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/core/2.0/default/Stream.cpp
index 69ee659..0863a7c 100644
--- a/audio/core/2.0/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "core/2.0/default/Stream.h"
 #include "common/all-versions/default/EffectMap.h"
 #include "core/2.0/default/Conversions.h"
+#include "core/2.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/Stream.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp b/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
index 6b8776e..2021df1 100644
--- a/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "StreamInHAL"
 
 #include "core/2.0/default/StreamIn.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/2.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/StreamIn.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp b/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
index 7f1461a..940a251 100644
--- a/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "StreamOutHAL"
 
 #include "core/2.0/default/StreamOut.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/2.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/2.0/default/include/core/2.0/default/Util.h b/audio/core/2.0/default/include/core/2.0/default/Util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f0e284
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/core/2.0/default/include/core/2.0/default/Util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V2_0_UTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V2_0_UTIL_H
+
+#include <android/hardware/audio/2.0/types.h>
+
+#define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V2_0
+#include <core/all-versions/default/Util.h>
+#undef AUDIO_HAL_VERSION
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V2_0_UTIL_H
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/Device.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/default/Device.cpp
index 26f9ab4..b33434e 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/default/Device.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/Device.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include "core/4.0/default/Conversions.h"
 #include "core/4.0/default/StreamIn.h"
 #include "core/4.0/default/StreamOut.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/4.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/Device.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp
index 5c1b1c4..2cc9fb5 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/ParametersUtil.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "core/4.0/default/ParametersUtil.h"
+#include "core/4.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/ParametersUtil.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp
index 0294b4d..e3e4976 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/PrimaryDevice.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "PrimaryDeviceHAL"
 
 #include "core/4.0/default/PrimaryDevice.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/4.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/PrimaryDevice.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/default/Stream.cpp
index 30b3454..b8c71de 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "core/4.0/default/Stream.h"
 #include "common/all-versions/default/EffectMap.h"
 #include "core/4.0/default/Conversions.h"
+#include "core/4.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/Stream.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamIn.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
index 18719b5..718bd25 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamIn.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "StreamInHAL"
 
 #include "core/4.0/default/StreamIn.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/4.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/StreamIn.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamOut.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
index 11c8fde..db88e40 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/StreamOut.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "StreamOutHAL"
 
 #include "core/4.0/default/StreamOut.h"
-#include "core/all-versions/default/Util.h"
+#include "core/4.0/default/Util.h"
 
 #define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
 #include <core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.impl.h>
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/default/include/core/4.0/default/Util.h b/audio/core/4.0/default/include/core/4.0/default/Util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce31e6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/default/include/core/4.0/default/Util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V4_0_UTIL_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V4_0_UTIL_H
+
+#include <android/hardware/audio/4.0/types.h>
+
+#define AUDIO_HAL_VERSION V4_0
+#include <core/all-versions/default/Util.h>
+#undef AUDIO_HAL_VERSION
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_V4_0_UTIL_H
diff --git a/audio/core/4.0/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp b/audio/core/4.0/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
index a568a3c..9484ddd 100644
--- a/audio/core/4.0/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/core/4.0/vts/functional/AudioPrimaryHidlHalTest.cpp
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::DeviceAddress;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::IDevice;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::IPrimaryDevice;
+using Rotation = ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::IPrimaryDevice::Rotation;
 using TtyMode = ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::IPrimaryDevice::TtyMode;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::IDevicesFactory;
 using ::android::hardware::audio::V4_0::IStream;
@@ -95,6 +96,11 @@
 
 using namespace ::android::hardware::audio::common::test::utility;
 
+// Typical accepted results from interface methods
+static auto okOrNotSupported = {Result::OK, Result::NOT_SUPPORTED};
+static auto okOrNotSupportedOrInvalidArgs = {Result::OK, Result::NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                             Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS};
+
 class AudioHidlTestEnvironment : public ::Environment {
    public:
     virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IDevicesFactory>(); }
@@ -439,11 +445,7 @@
 TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setScreenState) {
     doc::test("Check that the hal can receive the screen state");
     for (bool turnedOn : {false, true, true, false, false}) {
-        auto ret = device->setScreenState(turnedOn);
-        ASSERT_IS_OK(ret);
-        Result result = ret;
-        auto okOrNotSupported = {Result::OK, Result::NOT_SUPPORTED};
-        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, result);
+        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, device->setScreenState(turnedOn));
     }
 }
 
@@ -783,7 +785,7 @@
                testCapabilityGetter("getSupportedFormat", stream.get(), &getSupportedFormats,
                                     &IStream::getFormat, &IStream::setFormat))
 
-static void testGetDevice(IStream* stream, AudioDevice expectedDevice) {
+static void testGetDevices(IStream* stream, AudioDevice expectedDevice) {
     hidl_vec<DeviceAddress> devices;
     Result res;
     ASSERT_OK(stream->getDevices(returnIn(res, devices)));
@@ -798,11 +800,11 @@
         << "\n  Actual: " << ::testing::PrintToString(device);
 }
 
-TEST_IO_STREAM(GetDevice, "Check that the stream device == the one it was opened with",
+TEST_IO_STREAM(GetDevices, "Check that the stream device == the one it was opened with",
                areAudioPatchesSupported() ? doc::partialTest("Audio patches are supported")
-                                          : testGetDevice(stream.get(), address.device))
+                                          : testGetDevices(stream.get(), address.device))
 
-static void testSetDevice(IStream* stream, const DeviceAddress& address) {
+static void testSetDevices(IStream* stream, const DeviceAddress& address) {
     DeviceAddress otherAddress = address;
     otherAddress.device = (address.device & AudioDevice::BIT_IN) == 0 ? AudioDevice::OUT_SPEAKER
                                                                       : AudioDevice::IN_BUILTIN_MIC;
@@ -811,9 +813,9 @@
     ASSERT_OK(stream->setDevices({address}));  // Go back to the original value
 }
 
-TEST_IO_STREAM(SetDevice, "Check that the stream can be rerouted to SPEAKER or BUILTIN_MIC",
+TEST_IO_STREAM(SetDevices, "Check that the stream can be rerouted to SPEAKER or BUILTIN_MIC",
                areAudioPatchesSupported() ? doc::partialTest("Audio patches are supported")
-                                          : testSetDevice(stream.get(), address))
+                                          : testSetDevices(stream.get(), address))
 
 static void testGetAudioProperties(IStream* stream, AudioConfig expectedConfig) {
     uint32_t sampleRateHz;
@@ -833,10 +835,8 @@
                "Check that the stream audio properties == the ones it was opened with",
                testGetAudioProperties(stream.get(), audioConfig))
 
-static auto invalidArgsOrNotSupportedOrOK = {Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, Result::NOT_SUPPORTED,
-                                             Result::OK};
 TEST_IO_STREAM(SetHwAvSync, "Try to set hardware sync to an invalid value",
-               ASSERT_RESULT(invalidArgsOrNotSupportedOrOK, stream->setHwAvSync(666)))
+               ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupportedOrInvalidArgs, stream->setHwAvSync(666)))
 
 static void checkGetHwAVSync(IDevice* device) {
     Result res;
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@
                // error code when a key is not supported.
                // To allow implementation to just wrapped the legacy one, consider OK as a
                // valid result for setting a non existing parameter.
-               ASSERT_RESULT(invalidArgsOrNotSupportedOrOK,
+               ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupportedOrInvalidArgs,
                              stream->setParameters({}, {{"non existing key", "0"}})))
 
 TEST_IO_STREAM(DebugDump, "Check that a stream can dump its state without error",
@@ -1147,7 +1147,6 @@
     auto res = stream->setCallback(new MockOutCallbacks);
     stream->clearCallback();  // try to restore the no callback state, ignore
                               // any error
-    auto okOrNotSupported = {Result::OK, Result::NOT_SUPPORTED};
     EXPECT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, res);
     return res.isOk() ? res == Result::OK : false;
 }
@@ -1257,6 +1256,11 @@
     ASSERT_PRED2([](auto c, auto m) { return c - m < 1e+6; }, currentTime, mesureTime);
 }
 
+TEST_P(OutputStreamTest, SelectPresentation) {
+    doc::test("Verify that presentation selection does not crash");
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, stream->selectPresentation(0, 0));
+}
+
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////// PrimaryDevice ////////////////////////////////
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -1283,6 +1287,42 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtHfpSampleRate) {
+    doc::test(
+        "Make sure setBtHfpSampleRate either succeeds or "
+        "indicates that it is not supported at all, or that the provided value is invalid");
+    for (auto samplingRate : {8000, 16000, 22050, 24000}) {
+        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupportedOrInvalidArgs, device->setBtHfpSampleRate(samplingRate));
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtHfpVolume) {
+    doc::test(
+        "Make sure setBtHfpVolume is either not supported or "
+        "only succeed if volume is in [0,1]");
+    auto ret = device->setBtHfpVolume(0.0);
+    if (ret == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        doc::partialTest("setBtHfpVolume is not supported");
+        return;
+    }
+    testUnitaryGain([](float volume) { return device->setBtHfpVolume(volume); });
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, setBtScoHeadsetDebugName) {
+    doc::test(
+        "Make sure setBtScoHeadsetDebugName either succeeds or "
+        "indicates that it is not supported");
+    ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, device->setBtScoHeadsetDebugName("test"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(AudioPrimaryHidlTest, updateRotation) {
+    doc::test("Check that the hal can receive the current rotation");
+    for (Rotation rotation : {Rotation::DEG_0, Rotation::DEG_90, Rotation::DEG_180,
+                              Rotation::DEG_270, Rotation::DEG_0}) {
+        ASSERT_RESULT(okOrNotSupported, device->updateRotation(rotation));
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, BtScoNrecEnabled) {
     doc::test("Query and set the BT SCO NR&EC state");
     testOptionalAccessors("BtScoNrecEnabled", {true, false, true},
@@ -1297,6 +1337,12 @@
                           &IPrimaryDevice::getBtScoWidebandEnabled);
 }
 
+TEST_F(BoolAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetBtHfpEnabled) {
+    doc::test("Query and set the BT HFP state");
+    testOptionalAccessors("BtHfpEnabled", {true, false, true}, &IPrimaryDevice::setBtHfpEnabled,
+                          &IPrimaryDevice::getBtHfpEnabled);
+}
+
 using TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest = AccessorPrimaryHidlTest<TtyMode>;
 TEST_F(TtyModeAccessorPrimaryHidlTest, setGetTtyMode) {
     doc::test("Query and set the TTY mode state");
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Device.impl.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Device.impl.h
index 581e1dc..37b7124 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Device.impl.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Device.impl.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <android/log.h>
 
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::AUDIO_HAL_VERSION::HidlUtils;
-using ::android::hardware::audio::all_versions::implementation::isGainNormalized;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/ParametersUtil.impl.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/ParametersUtil.impl.h
index 3907284..afff2b6 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/ParametersUtil.impl.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/ParametersUtil.impl.h
@@ -149,26 +149,7 @@
 
 Result ParametersUtil::setParams(const AudioParameter& param) {
     int halStatus = halSetParameters(param.toString().string());
-    switch (halStatus) {
-        case OK:
-            return Result::OK;
-        case -EINVAL:
-            return Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
-        case -ENODATA:
-            return Result::INVALID_STATE;
-        case -ENODEV:
-            return Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
-        // The rest of the API (*::analyseStatus) returns NOT_SUPPORTED
-        // when the legacy API returns -ENOSYS
-        // However the legacy API explicitly state that for get_paramers,
-        // -ENOSYS should be returned if
-        // "the implementation does not accept a parameter change while the
-        //  output is active but the parameter is acceptable otherwise"
-        case -ENOSYS:
-            return Result::INVALID_STATE;
-        default:
-            return Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
-    }
+    return util::analyzeStatus(halStatus);
 }
 
 }  // namespace implementation
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/PrimaryDevice.impl.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/PrimaryDevice.impl.h
index f00cac4..61ffbe0 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/PrimaryDevice.impl.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/PrimaryDevice.impl.h
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 #include <common/all-versions/IncludeGuard.h>
 
+#ifdef AUDIO_HAL_VERSION_4_0
+#include <cmath>
+#endif
+
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace audio {
@@ -156,7 +160,7 @@
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::audio::AUDIO_HAL_VERSION::IPrimaryDevice follow.
 Return<Result> PrimaryDevice::setVoiceVolume(float volume) {
-    if (!all_versions::implementation::isGainNormalized(volume)) {
+    if (!isGainNormalized(volume)) {
         ALOGW("Can not set a voice volume (%f) outside [0,1]", volume);
         return Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
     }
@@ -244,7 +248,13 @@
     return mDevice->setParam(AUDIO_PARAMETER_KEY_HFP_SET_SAMPLING_RATE, int(sampleRateHz));
 }
 Return<Result> PrimaryDevice::setBtHfpVolume(float volume) {
-    return mDevice->setParam(AUDIO_PARAMETER_KEY_HFP_VOLUME, volume);
+    if (!isGainNormalized(volume)) {
+        ALOGW("Can not set BT HFP volume (%f) outside [0,1]", volume);
+        return Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
+    }
+    // Map the normalized volume onto the range of [0, 15]
+    return mDevice->setParam(AUDIO_PARAMETER_KEY_HFP_VOLUME,
+                             static_cast<int>(std::round(volume * 15)));
 }
 Return<Result> PrimaryDevice::updateRotation(IPrimaryDevice::Rotation rotation) {
     // legacy API expects the rotation in degree
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Stream.impl.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Stream.impl.h
index fa0ef45..7415112 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Stream.impl.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Stream.impl.h
@@ -39,35 +39,14 @@
 
 // static
 Result Stream::analyzeStatus(const char* funcName, int status) {
-    static const std::vector<int> empty;
-    return analyzeStatus(funcName, status, empty);
+    return util::analyzeStatus("stream", funcName, status);
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-inline bool element_in(T e, const std::vector<T>& v) {
-    return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), e) != v.end();
-}
 
 // static
 Result Stream::analyzeStatus(const char* funcName, int status,
                              const std::vector<int>& ignoreErrors) {
-    if (status != 0 && (ignoreErrors.empty() || !element_in(-status, ignoreErrors))) {
-        ALOGW("Error from HAL stream in function %s: %s", funcName, strerror(-status));
-    }
-    switch (status) {
-        case 0:
-            return Result::OK;
-        case -EINVAL:
-            return Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
-        case -ENODATA:
-            return Result::INVALID_STATE;
-        case -ENODEV:
-            return Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
-        case -ENOSYS:
-            return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
-        default:
-            return Result::INVALID_STATE;
-    }
+    return util::analyzeStatus("stream", funcName, status, ignoreErrors);
 }
 
 char* Stream::halGetParameters(const char* keys) {
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamIn.impl.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamIn.impl.h
index 8774be9..64c85ab 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamIn.impl.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamIn.impl.h
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 using ::android::hardware::audio::AUDIO_HAL_VERSION::MessageQueueFlagBits;
-using ::android::hardware::audio::all_versions::implementation::isGainNormalized;
 #include "Conversions.h"
-#include "Util.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.impl.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.impl.h
index 77098a8..6fb157f 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.impl.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/StreamOut.impl.h
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 namespace implementation {
 
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::AUDIO_HAL_VERSION::ThreadInfo;
-using ::android::hardware::audio::all_versions::implementation::isGainNormalized;
 
 namespace {
 
diff --git a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Util.h b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Util.h
index 39d9dbd..350fd86 100644
--- a/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Util.h
+++ b/audio/core/all-versions/default/include/core/all-versions/default/Util.h
@@ -14,24 +14,61 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_DEVICE_ALL_VERSIONS_UTIL_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_DEVICE_ALL_VERSIONS_UTIL_H
+#include <common/all-versions/IncludeGuard.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <system/audio.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace audio {
-namespace all_versions {
+namespace AUDIO_HAL_VERSION {
 namespace implementation {
 
+using ::android::hardware::audio::AUDIO_HAL_VERSION::Result;
+
 /** @return true if gain is between 0 and 1 included. */
 constexpr bool isGainNormalized(float gain) {
     return gain >= 0.0 && gain <= 1.0;
 }
 
+namespace util {
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool element_in(T e, const std::vector<T>& v) {
+    return std::find(v.begin(), v.end(), e) != v.end();
+}
+
+static inline Result analyzeStatus(status_t status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case 0:
+            return Result::OK;
+        case -EINVAL:
+            return Result::INVALID_ARGUMENTS;
+        case -ENODATA:
+            return Result::INVALID_STATE;
+        case -ENODEV:
+            return Result::NOT_INITIALIZED;
+        case -ENOSYS:
+            return Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        default:
+            return Result::INVALID_STATE;
+    }
+}
+
+static inline Result analyzeStatus(const char* className, const char* funcName, status_t status,
+                                   const std::vector<int>& ignoreErrors = {}) {
+    if (status != 0 && !element_in(-status, ignoreErrors)) {
+        ALOGW("Error from HAL %s in function %s: %s", className, funcName, strerror(-status));
+    }
+    return analyzeStatus(status);
+}
+
+}  // namespace util
 }  // namespace implementation
-}  // namespace all_versions
+}  // namespace AUDIO_HAL_VERSION
 }  // namespace audio
 }  // namespace hardware
 }  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_AUDIO_DEVICE_ALL_VERSIONS_UTIL_H
diff --git a/audio/effect/4.0/types.hal b/audio/effect/4.0/types.hal
index 0f76601..2a8f4b8 100644
--- a/audio/effect/4.0/types.hal
+++ b/audio/effect/4.0/types.hal
@@ -200,16 +200,16 @@
  * enumeration of the effect engines present in a library.
  */
 struct EffectDescriptor {
-    Uuid type;             // UUID of to the OpenSL ES interface implemented
-                           // by this effect
-    Uuid uuid;             // UUID for this particular implementation
-    EffectFlags flags;     // effect engine capabilities/requirements flags
-    uint16_t cpuLoad;      // CPU load indication expressed in 0.1 MIPS units
-                           // as estimated on an ARM9E core (ARMv5TE) with 0 WS
-    uint16_t memoryUsage;  // data memory usage expressed in KB and includes
-                           // only dynamically allocated memory
-    uint8_t[64] name;      // human readable effect name
-    uint8_t[64] implementor;  // human readable effect implementor name
+    Uuid type;                   // UUID of to the OpenSL ES interface implemented
+                                 // by this effect
+    Uuid uuid;                   // UUID for this particular implementation
+    bitfield<EffectFlags> flags; // effect engine capabilities/requirements flags
+    uint16_t cpuLoad;            // CPU load indication expressed in 0.1 MIPS units
+                                 // as estimated on an ARM9E core (ARMv5TE) with 0 WS
+    uint16_t memoryUsage;        // data memory usage expressed in KB and includes
+                                 // only dynamically allocated memory
+    uint8_t[64] name;            // human readable effect name
+    uint8_t[64] implementor;     // human readable effect implementor name
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/Conversions.impl.h b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/Conversions.impl.h
index 44adf4b..de67d89 100644
--- a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/Conversions.impl.h
+++ b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/Conversions.impl.h
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 #include <memory.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+#include <common/all-versions/VersionUtils.h>
+
 using ::android::hardware::audio::common::AUDIO_HAL_VERSION::HidlUtils;
+using ::android::hardware::audio::common::utils::mkEnumConverter;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@
                              EffectDescriptor* descriptor) {
     HidlUtils::uuidFromHal(halDescriptor.type, &descriptor->type);
     HidlUtils::uuidFromHal(halDescriptor.uuid, &descriptor->uuid);
-    descriptor->flags = EffectFlags(halDescriptor.flags);
+    descriptor->flags = mkEnumConverter<EffectFlags>(halDescriptor.flags);
     descriptor->cpuLoad = halDescriptor.cpuLoad;
     descriptor->memoryUsage = halDescriptor.memoryUsage;
     memcpy(descriptor->name.data(), halDescriptor.name, descriptor->name.size());
diff --git a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.h b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.h
index 313c8c2..526abbb8 100644
--- a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.h
+++ b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.h
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@
     Return<void> getDescriptor(const Uuid& uid, getDescriptor_cb _hidl_cb) override;
     Return<void> createEffect(const Uuid& uid, int32_t session, int32_t ioHandle,
                               createEffect_cb _hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> debugDump(const hidl_handle& fd);
+    Return<void> debugDump(const hidl_handle& fd); //< in V2_0::IEffectsFactory only, alias of debug
+    Return<void> debug(const hidl_handle& fd, const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& options) override;
 
    private:
     static sp<IEffect> dispatchEffectInstanceCreation(const effect_descriptor_t& halDescriptor,
diff --git a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.impl.h b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.impl.h
index b2a36a9..1882a2c 100644
--- a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.impl.h
+++ b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/include/effect/all-versions/default/EffectsFactory.impl.h
@@ -172,6 +172,11 @@
 }
 
 Return<void> EffectsFactory::debugDump(const hidl_handle& fd) {
+    return debug(fd, {} /* options */);
+}
+
+Return<void> EffectsFactory::debug(const hidl_handle& fd,
+                                   const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& /* options */) {
     if (fd.getNativeHandle() != nullptr && fd->numFds == 1) {
         EffectDumpEffects(fd->data[0]);
     }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
index 4b93008..91255d0 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/Android.bp
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@
         "SubscribeOptions",
         "VehicleApPowerBootupReason",
         "VehicleApPowerStateConfigFlag",
+        "VehicleApPowerStateReport",
         "VehicleApPowerStateReq",
         "VehicleApPowerStateReqIndex",
-        "VehicleApPowerStateReport",
         "VehicleApPowerStateShutdownParam",
         "VehicleArea",
         "VehicleAreaConfig",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
index 15ba494..12e2257 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
@@ -654,7 +654,8 @@
      * HVAC current temperature.
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE
-     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess:READ
+     * @unit VehicleUnit:CELSIUS
      */
     HVAC_TEMPERATURE_CURRENT = (
         0x0502
@@ -667,6 +668,7 @@
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE
+     * @unit VehicleUnit:CELSIUS
      */
     HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET = (
         0x0503
@@ -791,7 +793,7 @@
         | VehicleArea:SEAT),
 
     /**
-     * Seat temperature
+     * Seat heating/cooling
      *
      * Negative values indicate cooling.
      * 0 indicates off.
@@ -847,9 +849,11 @@
     /**
      * Temperature units for display
      *
-     * Indicates whether the temperature is in Celsius, Fahrenheit, or a
-     * different unit from VehicleUnit enum.  This parameter MAY be used for
-     * displaying any HVAC temperature in the system.
+     * Indicates whether the vehicle is displaying temperature to the user as
+     * Celsius or Fahrenheit.
+     * This parameter MAY be used for displaying any HVAC temperature in the system.
+     * Values must be one of VehicleUnit::CELSIUS or VehicleUnit::FAHRENHEIT
+     * Note that internally, all temperatures are represented in floating point Celsius.
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE
@@ -1629,8 +1633,8 @@
     /**
      * Window Position
      *
-     * Max = window up / closed
-     * Min = window down / open
+     * Min = window up / closed
+     * Max = window down / open
      *
      * For a window that may open out of plane (i.e. vent mode of sunroof) this
      * parameter will work with negative values as follows:
@@ -1652,25 +1656,25 @@
     /**
      * Window Move
      *
-     * Max = window up / closed
-     * Min = window down / open
-     * Magnitude denotes relative speed.  I.e. +2 is faster than +1 in raising
+     * Max = Open the window as fast as possible
+     * Min = Close the window as fast as possible
+     * Magnitude denotes relative speed.  I.e. +2 is faster than +1 in closing
      * the window.
      *
      * For a window that may open out of plane (i.e. vent mode of sunroof) this
      * parameter will work as follows:
      *
-     *  If sunroof is open:
-     *    Max = open the sunroof further, automatically stop when fully open.
-     *    Min = close the sunroof, automatically stop when sunroof is closed.
+     * If sunroof is open:
+     *   Max = open the sunroof further, automatically stop when fully open.
+     *   Min = close the sunroof, automatically stop when sunroof is closed.
      *
      * If vent is open:
-     *  Max = close the vent, automatically stop when vent is closed.
-     *  Min = open the vent further, automatically stop when vent is fully open.
+     *   Max = close the vent, automatically stop when vent is closed.
+     *   Min = open the vent further, automatically stop when vent is fully open.
      *
-     * If window is in the closed position:
-     *  Max = open the sunroof, automatically stop when sunroof is fully open.
-     *  Min = open the vent, automatically stop when vent is fully open.
+     * If sunroof is in the closed position:
+     *   Max = open the sunroof, automatically stop when sunroof is fully open.
+     *   Min = open the vent, automatically stop when vent is fully open.
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE
      * @access VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE
diff --git a/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1ffc45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalBluetoothA2dpV1_0TargetTest",
+    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
+    srcs: ["VtsHalBluetoothA2dpV1_0TargetTest.cpp"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth.a2dp@1.0",
+        "libbluetooth-types",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBluetoothA2dpV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBluetoothA2dpV1_0TargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a0342f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBluetoothA2dpV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "bluetooth_a2dp_hidl_hal_test"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/hardware/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/IBluetoothAudioHost.h>
+#include <android/hardware/bluetooth/a2dp/1.0/IBluetoothAudioOffload.h>
+#include <hardware/bluetooth.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
+
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::IBluetoothAudioHost;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::IBluetoothAudioOffload;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::Status;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::CodecType;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::SampleRate;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::BitsPerSample;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::ChannelMode;
+using ::android::hardware::bluetooth::a2dp::V1_0::CodecConfiguration;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+// Test environment for Bluetooth HIDL A2DP HAL.
+class BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
+   public:
+    // get the test environment singleton
+    static BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
+        static BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment* instance = new BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IBluetoothAudioOffload>(); }
+
+   private:
+    BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment() {}
+};
+
+// The main test class for Bluetooth A2DP HIDL HAL.
+class BluetoothA2dpHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        // currently test passthrough mode only
+        audio_offload = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IBluetoothAudioOffload>(
+            BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IBluetoothAudioOffload>());
+        ASSERT_NE(audio_offload, nullptr);
+
+        audio_host = new BluetoothAudioHost(*this);
+        ASSERT_NE(audio_host, nullptr);
+
+        codec.codecType = CodecType::AAC;
+        codec.sampleRate = SampleRate::RATE_44100;
+        codec.bitsPerSample = BitsPerSample::BITS_16;
+        codec.channelMode = ChannelMode::STEREO;
+        codec.encodedAudioBitrate = 320000;
+        codec.peerMtu = 1000;
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override {}
+
+    // A simple test implementation of IBluetoothAudioHost.
+    class BluetoothAudioHost
+        : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase<BluetoothA2dpHidlTest>,
+          public IBluetoothAudioHost {
+        BluetoothA2dpHidlTest& parent_;
+
+       public:
+        BluetoothAudioHost(BluetoothA2dpHidlTest& parent) : parent_(parent){};
+        virtual ~BluetoothAudioHost() = default;
+
+        Return<void> startStream() override {
+            parent_.audio_offload->streamStarted(Status::SUCCESS);
+            return Void();
+        };
+
+        Return<void> suspendStream() override {
+            parent_.audio_offload->streamSuspended(Status::SUCCESS);
+            return Void();
+        };
+
+        Return<void> stopStream() override { return Void(); };
+    };
+
+    // audio_host is for the Audio HAL to send stream start/suspend/stop commands to Bluetooth
+    sp<IBluetoothAudioHost> audio_host;
+    // audio_offload is for the Bluetooth HAL to report session started/ended and handled audio
+    // stream started/suspended
+    sp<IBluetoothAudioOffload> audio_offload;
+    // codec is the currently used codec
+    CodecConfiguration codec;
+};
+
+// Empty test: Initialize()/Close() are called in SetUp()/TearDown().
+TEST_F(BluetoothA2dpHidlTest, InitializeAndClose) {}
+
+// Test start and end session
+TEST_F(BluetoothA2dpHidlTest, StartAndEndSession) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(Status::SUCCESS, audio_offload->startSession(audio_host, codec));
+    audio_offload->endSession();
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment::Instance());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    BluetoothA2dpHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
+    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
+    return status;
+}
diff --git a/camera/device/3.2/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp b/camera/device/3.2/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp
index 5f89cde..60a57cd 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.2/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/3.2/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp
@@ -645,7 +645,10 @@
                     result.fmqResultSize = result.result.size();
                     result.result.resize(0);
                 } else {
-                    ALOGW("%s: couldn't utilize fmq, fall back to hwbinder", __FUNCTION__);
+                    ALOGW("%s: couldn't utilize fmq, fall back to hwbinder, result size: %zu,"
+                    "shared message queue available size: %zu",
+                        __FUNCTION__, result.result.size(),
+                        mResultMetadataQueue->availableToWrite());
                     result.fmqResultSize = 0;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp b/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
index 6b05d4a..ee7ffaa 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDevice.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
     V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG
 }}; // double braces required in C++11
 
+constexpr int MAX_RETRY = 5; // Allow retry v4l2 open failures a few times.
+constexpr int OPEN_RETRY_SLEEP_US = 100000; // 100ms * MAX_RETRY = 0.5 seconds
+
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 ExternalCameraDevice::ExternalCameraDevice(
@@ -122,11 +125,22 @@
 
     unique_fd fd(::open(mCameraId.c_str(), O_RDWR));
     if (fd.get() < 0) {
-        ALOGE("%s: v4l2 device open %s failed: %s",
-                __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str(), strerror(errno));
-        mLock.unlock();
-        _hidl_cb(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR, nullptr);
-        return Void();
+        int numAttempt = 0;
+        do {
+            ALOGW("%s: v4l2 device %s open failed, wait 33ms and try again",
+                    __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str());
+            usleep(OPEN_RETRY_SLEEP_US); // sleep and try again
+            fd.reset(::open(mCameraId.c_str(), O_RDWR));
+            numAttempt++;
+        } while (fd.get() < 0 && numAttempt <= MAX_RETRY);
+
+        if (fd.get() < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s: v4l2 device open %s failed: %s",
+                    __FUNCTION__, mCameraId.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+            mLock.unlock();
+            _hidl_cb(Status::INTERNAL_ERROR, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
     }
 
     session = new ExternalCameraDeviceSession(
diff --git a/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp b/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
index bb11d7c..1af3f39 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/3.4/default/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
                                        // method
 constexpr int MAX_RETRY = 15; // Allow retry some ioctl failures a few times to account for some
                              // webcam showing temporarily ioctl failures.
-constexpr int IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US = 33000; // 33ms * MAX_RETRY = 5 seconds
+constexpr int IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US = 33000; // 33ms * MAX_RETRY = 0.5 seconds
 
 // Constants for tryLock during dumpstate
 static constexpr int kDumpLockRetries = 50;
@@ -115,6 +115,35 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    struct v4l2_capability capability;
+    int ret = ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &capability);
+    std::string make, model;
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        ALOGW("%s v4l2 QUERYCAP failed", __FUNCTION__);
+        make = "Generic UVC webcam";
+        model = "Generic UVC webcam";
+    } else {
+        // capability.card is UTF-8 encoded
+        char card[32];
+        int j = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+            if (capability.card[i] < 128) {
+                card[j++] = capability.card[i];
+            }
+            if (capability.card[i] == '\0') {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (j == 0 || card[j - 1] != '\0') {
+            make = "Generic UVC webcam";
+            model = "Generic UVC webcam";
+        } else {
+            make = card;
+            model = card;
+        }
+    }
+    mOutputThread->setExifMakeModel(make, model);
+
     status_t status = initDefaultRequests();
     if (status != OK) {
         ALOGE("%s: init default requests failed!", __FUNCTION__);
@@ -826,6 +855,12 @@
 
 ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::~OutputThread() {}
 
+void ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::setExifMakeModel(
+        const std::string& make, const std::string& model) {
+    mExifMake = make;
+    mExifModel = model;
+}
+
 uint32_t ExternalCameraDeviceSession::OutputThread::getFourCcFromLayout(
         const YCbCrLayout& layout) {
     intptr_t cb = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(layout.cb);
@@ -1611,6 +1646,8 @@
     utils->initialize();
 
     utils->setFromMetadata(meta, jpegSize.width, jpegSize.height);
+    utils->setMake(mExifMake);
+    utils->setModel(mExifModel);
 
     ret = utils->generateApp1(outputThumbnail ? &thumbCode[0] : 0, thumbCodeSize);
 
@@ -2150,7 +2187,7 @@
         int numAttempt = 0;
         while (ret < 0) {
             ALOGW("%s: VIDIOC_S_FMT failed, wait 33ms and try again", __FUNCTION__);
-            usleep(IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US); // sleep 100 ms and try again
+            usleep(IOCTL_RETRY_SLEEP_US); // sleep and try again
             ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(mV4l2Fd.get(), VIDIOC_S_FMT, &fmt));
             if (numAttempt == MAX_RETRY) {
                 break;
diff --git a/camera/device/3.4/default/include/ext_device_v3_4_impl/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h b/camera/device/3.4/default/include/ext_device_v3_4_impl/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h
index 14e5c9a..0b94c11 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.4/default/include/ext_device_v3_4_impl/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h
+++ b/camera/device/3.4/default/include/ext_device_v3_4_impl/ExternalCameraDeviceSession.h
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@
         void dump(int fd);
         virtual bool threadLoop() override;
 
+        void setExifMakeModel(const std::string& make, const std::string& model);
     private:
         static const uint32_t FLEX_YUV_GENERIC = static_cast<uint32_t>('F') |
                 static_cast<uint32_t>('L') << 8 | static_cast<uint32_t>('E') << 16 |
@@ -288,6 +289,9 @@
         std::unordered_map<Size, sp<AllocatedFrame>, SizeHasher> mScaledYu12Frames;
         YCbCrLayout mYu12FrameLayout;
         YCbCrLayout mYu12ThumbFrameLayout;
+
+        std::string mExifMake;
+        std::string mExifModel;
     };
 
     // Protect (most of) HIDL interface methods from synchronized-entering
diff --git a/camera/metadata/3.3/Android.bp b/camera/metadata/3.3/Android.bp
index 166c2ac..ad6f141 100644
--- a/camera/metadata/3.3/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/metadata/3.3/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
         "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidControlAeMode",
         "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidControlAfSceneChange",
         "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidControlCaptureIntent",
+        "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidDistortionCorrectionMode",
         "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidInfoSupportedHardwareLevel",
         "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidLensPoseReference",
         "CameraMetadataEnumAndroidLogicalMultiCameraSensorSyncType",
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/default/CameraProvider.cpp b/camera/provider/2.4/default/CameraProvider.cpp
index 8e37b26..6313939 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/default/CameraProvider.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/default/CameraProvider.cpp
@@ -298,7 +298,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    mPreferredHal3MinorVersion = property_get_int32("ro.camera.wrapper.hal3TrebleMinorVersion", 3);
+    mPreferredHal3MinorVersion =
+        property_get_int32("ro.vendor.camera.wrapper.hal3TrebleMinorVersion", 3);
     ALOGV("Preferred HAL 3 minor version is %d", mPreferredHal3MinorVersion);
     switch(mPreferredHal3MinorVersion) {
         case 2:
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp b/camera/provider/2.4/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp
index 285e96b..a4046d0 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/default/ExternalCameraProvider.cpp
@@ -164,29 +164,35 @@
 }
 
 void ExternalCameraProvider::deviceAdded(const char* devName) {
-    int fd = -1;
-    if ((fd = ::open(devName, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
-        ALOGE("%s open v4l2 device %s failed:%s", __FUNCTION__, devName, strerror(errno));
-        return;
-    }
+    {
+        base::unique_fd fd(::open(devName, O_RDWR));
+        if (fd.get() < 0) {
+            ALOGE("%s open v4l2 device %s failed:%s", __FUNCTION__, devName, strerror(errno));
+            return;
+        }
 
-    do {
         struct v4l2_capability capability;
-        int ret = ioctl(fd, VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &capability);
+        int ret = ioctl(fd.get(), VIDIOC_QUERYCAP, &capability);
         if (ret < 0) {
             ALOGE("%s v4l2 QUERYCAP %s failed", __FUNCTION__, devName);
-            break;
+            return;
         }
 
         if (!(capability.device_caps & V4L2_CAP_VIDEO_CAPTURE)) {
             ALOGW("%s device %s does not support VIDEO_CAPTURE", __FUNCTION__, devName);
-            break;
+            return;
         }
+    }
+    // See if we can initialize ExternalCameraDevice correctly
+    sp<device::V3_4::implementation::ExternalCameraDevice> deviceImpl =
+            new device::V3_4::implementation::ExternalCameraDevice(devName, mCfg);
+    if (deviceImpl == nullptr || deviceImpl->isInitFailed()) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Attempt to init camera device %s failed!", __FUNCTION__, devName);
+        return;
+    }
+    deviceImpl.clear();
 
-        addExternalCamera(devName);
-    } while (0);
-
-    close(fd);
+    addExternalCamera(devName);
     return;
 }
 
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 08b9222..ead4083 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -38,8 +38,11 @@
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.3",
         "android.hardware.camera.device@3.4",
         "android.hardware.camera.provider@2.4",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+        "android.hidl.allocator@1.0",
         "libgrallocusage",
+        "libhidlmemory",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index 5feec87..637e280 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,13 @@
 #include <system/camera_metadata.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/allocator/2.0/IAllocator.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/types.h>
+#include <android/hidl/allocator/1.0/IAllocator.h>
+#include <android/hidl/memory/1.0/IMapper.h>
+#include <android/hidl/memory/1.0/IMemory.h>
+
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 
@@ -105,6 +112,9 @@
 using ::android::hardware::camera::device::V1_0::HandleTimestampMessage;
 using ::android::hardware::MessageQueue;
 using ::android::hardware::kSynchronizedReadWrite;
+using ::android::hidl::allocator::V1_0::IAllocator;
+using ::android::hidl::memory::V1_0::IMemory;
+using ::android::hidl::memory::V1_0::IMapper;
 using ResultMetadataQueue = MessageQueue<uint8_t, kSynchronizedReadWrite>;
 using ::android::hidl::manager::V1_0::IServiceManager;
 
@@ -621,6 +631,8 @@
     void setParameters(
             const sp<::android::hardware::camera::device::V1_0::ICameraDevice> &device,
             const CameraParameters &cameraParams);
+    void allocateGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint64_t usage,
+            PixelFormat format, hidl_handle *buffer_handle /*out*/);
     void waitForFrameLocked(DataCallbackMsg msgFrame,
             std::unique_lock<std::mutex> &l);
     void openEmptyDeviceSession(const std::string &name,
@@ -3297,15 +3309,15 @@
                                                        });
         ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> gb = new GraphicBuffer(
-            previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat), 1,
-            android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
-                                            halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage));
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, gb.get());
+        hidl_handle buffer_handle;
+        allocateGraphicBuffer(previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
+                android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
+                    halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage),
+                halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat, &buffer_handle);
+
         StreamBuffer outputBuffer = {halStreamConfig.streams[0].id,
                                      bufferId,
-                                     hidl_handle(gb->getNativeBuffer()->handle),
+                                     buffer_handle,
                                      BufferStatus::OK,
                                      nullptr,
                                      nullptr};
@@ -3497,20 +3509,20 @@
         InFlightRequest inflightReq = {static_cast<ssize_t> (halStreamConfig.streams.size()), false,
             supportsPartialResults, partialResultCount, resultQueue};
 
-        std::vector<sp<GraphicBuffer>> graphicBuffers;
+        std::vector<hidl_handle> graphicBuffers;
         graphicBuffers.reserve(halStreamConfig.streams.size());
         ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<StreamBuffer> outputBuffers;
         outputBuffers.resize(halStreamConfig.streams.size());
         size_t k = 0;
         for (const auto& halStream : halStreamConfig.streams) {
-            sp<GraphicBuffer> gb = new GraphicBuffer(previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
-                    static_cast<int32_t>(halStream.v3_3.v3_2.overrideFormat), 1,
-                    android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(
-                        halStream.v3_3.v3_2.producerUsage, halStream.v3_3.v3_2.consumerUsage));
-            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, gb.get());
-            graphicBuffers.push_back(gb);
-            outputBuffers[k] = {halStream.v3_3.v3_2.id, bufferId,
-                hidl_handle(gb->getNativeBuffer()->handle), BufferStatus::OK, nullptr, nullptr};
+            hidl_handle buffer_handle;
+            allocateGraphicBuffer(previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
+                    android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStream.v3_3.v3_2.producerUsage,
+                        halStream.v3_3.v3_2.consumerUsage),
+                    halStream.v3_3.v3_2.overrideFormat, &buffer_handle);
+            graphicBuffers.push_back(buffer_handle);
+            outputBuffers[k] = {halStream.v3_3.v3_2.id, bufferId, buffer_handle,
+                BufferStatus::OK, nullptr, nullptr};
             bufferId++;
             k++;
         }
@@ -3689,7 +3701,7 @@
 
         ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata requestMeta;
         StreamBuffer emptyInputBuffer = {-1, 0, nullptr, BufferStatus::ERROR, nullptr, nullptr};
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffers[kBurstFrameCount];
+        hidl_handle buffers[kBurstFrameCount];
         StreamBuffer outputBuffers[kBurstFrameCount];
         CaptureRequest requests[kBurstFrameCount];
         InFlightRequest inflightReqs[kBurstFrameCount];
@@ -3699,15 +3711,13 @@
             std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(mLock);
 
             isoValues[i] = ((i % 2) == 0) ? isoRange.data.i32[0] : isoRange.data.i32[1];
-            buffers[i] = new GraphicBuffer( previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
-                static_cast<int32_t>(halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat), 1,
-                android_convertGralloc1To0Usage( halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
-                    halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage));
-            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffers[i].get());
+            allocateGraphicBuffer(previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
+                    android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
+                        halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage),
+                    halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat, &buffers[i]);
 
             outputBuffers[i] = {halStreamConfig.streams[0].id, bufferId + i,
-                hidl_handle( buffers[i]->getNativeBuffer()->handle), BufferStatus::OK, nullptr,
-                nullptr};
+                buffers[i], BufferStatus::OK, nullptr, nullptr};
             requestMeta.append(reinterpret_cast<camera_metadata_t *> (settings.data()));
 
             // Disable all 3A routines
@@ -3795,15 +3805,15 @@
                 &supportsPartialResults /*out*/,
                 &partialResultCount /*out*/);
 
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> gb = new GraphicBuffer(
-            previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat), 1,
-            android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
-                                            halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage));
+        hidl_handle buffer_handle;
+        allocateGraphicBuffer(previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
+                android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
+                    halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage),
+                halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat, &buffer_handle);
 
         StreamBuffer outputBuffer = {halStreamConfig.streams[0].id,
                                      bufferId,
-                                     hidl_handle(gb->getNativeBuffer()->handle),
+                                     buffer_handle,
                                      BufferStatus::OK,
                                      nullptr,
                                      nullptr};
@@ -3953,15 +3963,15 @@
                                                        });
         ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 
-        sp<GraphicBuffer> gb = new GraphicBuffer(
-            previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
-            static_cast<int32_t>(halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat), 1,
-            android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
-                                            halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage));
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, gb.get());
+        hidl_handle buffer_handle;
+        allocateGraphicBuffer(previewStream.width, previewStream.height,
+                android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(halStreamConfig.streams[0].producerUsage,
+                    halStreamConfig.streams[0].consumerUsage),
+                halStreamConfig.streams[0].overrideFormat, &buffer_handle);
+
         StreamBuffer outputBuffer = {halStreamConfig.streams[0].id,
                                      bufferId,
-                                     hidl_handle(gb->getNativeBuffer()->handle),
+                                     buffer_handle,
                                      BufferStatus::OK,
                                      nullptr,
                                      nullptr};
@@ -4794,6 +4804,44 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, returnStatus);
 }
 
+void CameraHidlTest::allocateGraphicBuffer(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint64_t usage,
+        PixelFormat format, hidl_handle *buffer_handle /*out*/) {
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer_handle, nullptr);
+
+    sp<android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::IAllocator> allocator =
+        android::hardware::graphics::allocator::V2_0::IAllocator::getService();
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, allocator.get());
+
+    sp<android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper> mapper =
+        android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper::getService();
+    ASSERT_NE(mapper.get(), nullptr);
+
+    android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo descriptorInfo {};
+    descriptorInfo.width = width;
+    descriptorInfo.height = height;
+    descriptorInfo.layerCount = 1;
+    descriptorInfo.format = format;
+    descriptorInfo.usage = usage;
+
+    ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint32_t> descriptor;
+    auto ret = mapper->createDescriptor(
+        descriptorInfo, [&descriptor](android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::Error err,
+                            ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint32_t> desc) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(err, android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::Error::NONE);
+            descriptor = desc;
+        });
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+
+    ret = allocator->allocate(descriptor, 1u,
+        [&](android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::Error err, uint32_t /*stride*/,
+            const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::hidl_handle>& buffers) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::Error::NONE, err);
+            ASSERT_EQ(buffers.size(), 1u);
+            *buffer_handle = buffers[0];
+        });
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(CameraHidlEnvironment::Instance());
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp b/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp
index 2ac1c4f..178020e 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.cpp
@@ -31,19 +31,8 @@
 namespace V1_0 {
 namespace implementation {
 
-struct CasImpl::PluginHolder : public RefBase {
-public:
-    explicit PluginHolder(CasPlugin *plugin) : mPlugin(plugin) {}
-    ~PluginHolder() { if (mPlugin != NULL) delete mPlugin; }
-    CasPlugin* get() { return mPlugin; }
-
-private:
-    CasPlugin *mPlugin;
-    DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(PluginHolder);
-};
-
 CasImpl::CasImpl(const sp<ICasListener> &listener)
-    : mPluginHolder(NULL), mListener(listener) {
+    : mListener(listener) {
     ALOGV("CTOR");
 }
 
@@ -69,7 +58,8 @@
 
 void CasImpl::init(const sp<SharedLibrary>& library, CasPlugin *plugin) {
     mLibrary = library;
-    mPluginHolder = new PluginHolder(plugin);
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder(plugin);
+    std::atomic_store(&mPluginHolder, holder);
 }
 
 void CasImpl::onEvent(
@@ -88,22 +78,22 @@
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::setPrivateData(const HidlCasData& pvtData) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
-    return toStatus(holder->get()->setPrivateData(pvtData));
+    return toStatus(holder->setPrivateData(pvtData));
 }
 
 Return<void> CasImpl::openSession(openSession_cb _hidl_cb) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
     CasSessionId sessionId;
 
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
     status_t err = INVALID_OPERATION;
-    if (holder != NULL) {
-        err = holder->get()->openSession(&sessionId);
-        holder.clear();
+    if (holder.get() != nullptr) {
+        err = holder->openSession(&sessionId);
+        holder.reset();
     }
 
     _hidl_cb(toStatus(err), sessionId);
@@ -115,87 +105,87 @@
         const HidlCasSessionId &sessionId, const HidlCasData& pvtData) {
     ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
             sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
-    return toStatus(
-            holder->get()->setSessionPrivateData(
-                    sessionId, pvtData));
+    return toStatus(holder->setSessionPrivateData(sessionId, pvtData));
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::closeSession(const HidlCasSessionId &sessionId) {
     ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
             sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
-    return toStatus(holder->get()->closeSession(sessionId));
+    return toStatus(holder->closeSession(sessionId));
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::processEcm(
         const HidlCasSessionId &sessionId, const HidlCasData& ecm) {
     ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
             sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
 
-    return toStatus(holder->get()->processEcm(sessionId, ecm));
+    return toStatus(holder->processEcm(sessionId, ecm));
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::processEmm(const HidlCasData& emm) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
 
-    return toStatus(holder->get()->processEmm(emm));
+    return toStatus(holder->processEmm(emm));
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::sendEvent(
         int32_t event, int32_t arg,
         const HidlCasData& eventData) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
 
-    status_t err = holder->get()->sendEvent(event, arg, eventData);
+    status_t err = holder->sendEvent(event, arg, eventData);
     return toStatus(err);
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::provision(const hidl_string& provisionString) {
     ALOGV("%s: provisionString=%s", __FUNCTION__, provisionString.c_str());
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
 
-    return toStatus(holder->get()->provision(String8(provisionString.c_str())));
+    return toStatus(holder->provision(String8(provisionString.c_str())));
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::refreshEntitlements(
         int32_t refreshType,
         const HidlCasData& refreshData) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
-    sp<PluginHolder> holder = mPluginHolder;
-    if (holder == NULL) {
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
         return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
     }
 
-    status_t err = holder->get()->refreshEntitlements(refreshType, refreshData);
+    status_t err = holder->refreshEntitlements(refreshType, refreshData);
     return toStatus(err);
 }
 
 Return<Status> CasImpl::release() {
-    ALOGV("%s: plugin=%p", __FUNCTION__,
-            mPluginHolder != NULL ? mPluginHolder->get() : NULL);
-    mPluginHolder.clear();
+    ALOGV("%s: plugin=%p", __FUNCTION__, mPluginHolder.get());
+
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> holder(nullptr);
+    std::atomic_store(&mPluginHolder, holder);
+
     return Status::OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.h b/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.h
index 841d64e..d792838 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.h
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/CasImpl.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 private:
     struct PluginHolder;
     sp<SharedLibrary> mLibrary;
-    sp<PluginHolder> mPluginHolder;
+    std::shared_ptr<CasPlugin> mPluginHolder;
     sp<ICasListener> mListener;
 
     DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(CasImpl);
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp b/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
index 36699ba..1f89933 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.cpp
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@
 
 DescramblerImpl::DescramblerImpl(
         const sp<SharedLibrary>& library, DescramblerPlugin *plugin) :
-        mLibrary(library), mPlugin(plugin) {
-    ALOGV("CTOR: mPlugin=%p", mPlugin);
+        mLibrary(library), mPluginHolder(plugin) {
+    ALOGV("CTOR: plugin=%p", mPluginHolder.get());
 }
 
 DescramblerImpl::~DescramblerImpl() {
-    ALOGV("DTOR: mPlugin=%p", mPlugin);
+    ALOGV("DTOR: plugin=%p", mPluginHolder.get());
     release();
 }
 
@@ -63,12 +63,22 @@
     ALOGV("%s: sessionId=%s", __FUNCTION__,
             sessionIdToString(sessionId).string());
 
-    return toStatus(mPlugin->setMediaCasSession(sessionId));
+    std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
+        return toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION);
+    }
+
+    return toStatus(holder->setMediaCasSession(sessionId));
 }
 
 Return<bool> DescramblerImpl::requiresSecureDecoderComponent(
         const hidl_string& mime) {
-    return mPlugin->requiresSecureDecoderComponent(String8(mime.c_str()));
+    std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return holder->requiresSecureDecoderComponent(String8(mime.c_str()));
 }
 
 static inline bool validateRangeForSize(
@@ -86,12 +96,23 @@
         descramble_cb _hidl_cb) {
     ALOGV("%s", __FUNCTION__);
 
+    // Get a local copy of the shared_ptr for the plugin. Note that before
+    // calling the HIDL callback, this shared_ptr must be manually reset,
+    // since the client side could proceed as soon as the callback is called
+    // without waiting for this method to go out of scope.
+    std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder = std::atomic_load(&mPluginHolder);
+    if (holder.get() == nullptr) {
+        _hidl_cb(toStatus(INVALID_OPERATION), 0, NULL);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
     sp<IMemory> srcMem = mapMemory(srcBuffer.heapBase);
 
     // Validate if the offset and size in the SharedBuffer is consistent with the
     // mapped ashmem, since the offset and size is controlled by client.
     if (srcMem == NULL) {
         ALOGE("Failed to map src buffer.");
+        holder.reset();
         _hidl_cb(toStatus(BAD_VALUE), 0, NULL);
         return Void();
     }
@@ -100,6 +121,7 @@
         ALOGE("Invalid src buffer range: offset %llu, size %llu, srcMem size %llu",
                 srcBuffer.offset, srcBuffer.size, (uint64_t)srcMem->getSize());
         android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "67962232");
+        holder.reset();
         _hidl_cb(toStatus(BAD_VALUE), 0, NULL);
         return Void();
     }
@@ -117,6 +139,7 @@
                 "srcOffset %llu, totalBytesInSubSamples %llu, srcBuffer size %llu",
                 srcOffset, totalBytesInSubSamples, srcBuffer.size);
         android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "67962232");
+        holder.reset();
         _hidl_cb(toStatus(BAD_VALUE), 0, NULL);
         return Void();
     }
@@ -135,6 +158,7 @@
                     "dstOffset %llu, totalBytesInSubSamples %llu, srcBuffer size %llu",
                     dstOffset, totalBytesInSubSamples, srcBuffer.size);
             android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "67962232");
+            holder.reset();
             _hidl_cb(toStatus(BAD_VALUE), 0, NULL);
             return Void();
         }
@@ -146,7 +170,7 @@
     // Casting hidl SubSample to DescramblerPlugin::SubSample, but need
     // to ensure structs are actually idential
 
-    int32_t result = mPlugin->descramble(
+    int32_t result = holder->descramble(
             dstBuffer.type != BufferType::SHARED_MEMORY,
             (DescramblerPlugin::ScramblingControl)scramblingControl,
             subSamples.size(),
@@ -157,17 +181,17 @@
             dstOffset,
             NULL);
 
+    holder.reset();
     _hidl_cb(toStatus(result >= 0 ? OK : result), result, NULL);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<Status> DescramblerImpl::release() {
-    ALOGV("%s: mPlugin=%p", __FUNCTION__, mPlugin);
+    ALOGV("%s: plugin=%p", __FUNCTION__, mPluginHolder.get());
 
-    if (mPlugin != NULL) {
-        delete mPlugin;
-        mPlugin = NULL;
-    }
+    std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> holder(nullptr);
+    std::atomic_store(&mPluginHolder, holder);
+
     return Status::OK;
 }
 
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.h b/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.h
index d3b146e..305f115 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.h
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/DescramblerImpl.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 
 private:
     sp<SharedLibrary> mLibrary;
-    DescramblerPlugin *mPlugin;
+    std::shared_ptr<DescramblerPlugin> mPluginHolder;
 
     DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(DescramblerImpl);
 };
diff --git a/cas/1.0/default/MediaCasService.cpp b/cas/1.0/default/MediaCasService.cpp
index ca43224..dbdd008 100644
--- a/cas/1.0/default/MediaCasService.cpp
+++ b/cas/1.0/default/MediaCasService.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
     if (mCasLoader.findFactoryForScheme(CA_system_id, &library, &factory)) {
         CasPlugin *plugin = NULL;
         sp<CasImpl> casImpl = new CasImpl(listener);
-        if (factory->createPlugin(CA_system_id, (uint64_t)casImpl.get(),
+        if (factory->createPlugin(CA_system_id, casImpl.get(),
                 &CasImpl::OnEvent, &plugin) == OK && plugin != NULL) {
             casImpl->init(library, plugin);
             result = casImpl;
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/Android.mk b/compatibility_matrices/Android.mk
index 948b4fe..ee97433 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/Android.mk
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/Android.mk
@@ -34,30 +34,47 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := framework_compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := compatibility_matrix.legacy.xml
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE_STEM)
-LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := 3.18.0 4.4.0 4.9.0
+LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := \
+    3.18.0 \
+    4.4.0 \
+    4.9.0 \
+    4.14.0 \
+
 include $(BUILD_FRAMEWORK_COMPATIBILITY_MATRIX)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := framework_compatibility_matrix.1.xml
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := compatibility_matrix.1.xml
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE_STEM)
-LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := 3.18.0 4.4.0 4.9.0
+LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := \
+    3.18.0 \
+    4.4.0 \
+    4.9.0 \
+    4.14.0 \
+
 include $(BUILD_FRAMEWORK_COMPATIBILITY_MATRIX)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := framework_compatibility_matrix.2.xml
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := compatibility_matrix.2.xml
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE_STEM)
-LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := 3.18.0 4.4.0 4.9.0
-include $(BUILD_FRAMEWORK_COMPATIBILITY_MATRIX)
+LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := \
+    3.18.0 \
+    4.4.0 \
+    4.9.0 \
+    4.14.0 \
 
-# TODO(b/72409164): STOPSHIP: update kernel version requirements
+include $(BUILD_FRAMEWORK_COMPATIBILITY_MATRIX)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := framework_compatibility_matrix.3.xml
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := compatibility_matrix.3.xml
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE_STEM)
-LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := 4.4.0 4.9.0
+LOCAL_KERNEL_VERSIONS := \
+    4.4.0 \
+    4.9.0 \
+    4.14.0 \
+
 include $(BUILD_FRAMEWORK_COMPATIBILITY_MATRIX)
 
 # Framework Compatibility Matrix (common to all FCM versions)
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml
index 6aa5fc5..9bc76ea 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.3.xml
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.nfc</name>
-        <version>1.0-1</version>
+        <version>1.1</version>
         <interface>
             <name>INfc</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/configstore/1.0/default/seccomp_policy/configstore@1.0-arm64.policy b/configstore/1.0/default/seccomp_policy/configstore@1.0-arm64.policy
index f2dd892..d523a1a 100644
--- a/configstore/1.0/default/seccomp_policy/configstore@1.0-arm64.policy
+++ b/configstore/1.0/default/seccomp_policy/configstore@1.0-arm64.policy
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 rt_sigreturn: 1
 getrlimit: 1
 madvise: 1
+getdents64: 1
 clock_gettime: 1
 
 # used during process crash by crash_dump to dump process info
diff --git a/current.txt b/current.txt
index 5aa6259..75b1a06 100644
--- a/current.txt
+++ b/current.txt
@@ -241,11 +241,11 @@
 86ba9c03978b79a742e990420bc5ced0673d25a939f82572996bef92621e2014 android.hardware.cas@1.0::IMediaCasService
 503da837d1a67cbdb7c08a033e927e5430ae1b159d98bf72c6336b4dcc5e76f5 android.hardware.cas.native@1.0::types
 619600109232ed64b827c8a11beed8070b1827ae464547d7aa146cf0473b4bca android.hardware.cas.native@1.0::IDescrambler
-246a56d37d57a47224562c9d077b4a2886ce6242b9311bd98a17325944c280d7 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
 93eb3757ceaf21590fa4cd1d4a7dfe3b3794af5396100a6d25630879352abce9 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IDevice
 f66f9a38541bf92001d3adcce678cd7e3da2262124befb460b1c9aea9492813b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IExecutionCallback
 953607822954435874f4b81686440a604e2a88cdd2d9164c6293f3d5772510d7 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IPreparedModel
 73e03573494ba96f0e711ab7f1956c5b2d54c3da690cd7ecf4d6d0f287447730 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IPreparedModelCallback
+246a56d37d57a47224562c9d077b4a2886ce6242b9311bd98a17325944c280d7 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
 f4945e397b5dea41bb64518dfde59be71245d8a125fd1e0acffeb57ac7b08fed android.hardware.thermal@1.1::IThermal
 c8bc853546dd55584611def2a9fa1d99f657e3366c976d2f60fe6b8aa6d2cb87 android.hardware.thermal@1.1::IThermalCallback
 
@@ -258,7 +258,9 @@
 fb92e2b40f8e9d494e8fd3b4ac18499a3216342e7cff160714c3bbf3660b6e79 android.hardware.gnss@1.0::IGnssConfiguration
 251594ea9b27447bfa005ebd806e58fb0ae4aad84a69938129c9800ec0c64eda android.hardware.gnss@1.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback
 4e7169919d24fbe5573e5bcd683d0bd7abf553a4e6c34c41f9dfc1e12050db07 android.hardware.gnss@1.0::IGnssNavigationMessageCallback
-08ae9fc24f21f809e9b8501dfbc803662fcd6a8d8e1fb71d9dd7c0c4c6f5d556 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
+5804ca86611d72e5481f022b3a0c1b334217f2e4988dad25730c42af2d1f4d1c android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IDevice
+12e8dca4ab7d8aadd0ef8f1b438021938e2396139e85db2ed65783b08800aa52 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IExecutionCallback
+702f9a4cd3b7486a4b04f7155b737757ac2ca4b3548976d5782ad3cae9ff9780 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
 d4840db8efabdf1e4b344fc981cd36e5fe81a39aff6e199f6d06c1c8da413efd android.hardware.radio@1.0::types
 b280c4704dfcc548a9bf127b59b7c3578f460c50cce70a06b66fe0df8b27cff0 android.hardware.wifi@1.0::types
 
@@ -286,7 +288,7 @@
 3661fa0623056922fdc4235ac5a9c91a2d066ab6f1ab4297e3b240fe302ba500 android.hardware.audio.effect@4.0::IPresetReverbEffect
 e88e520f8c98a62fccd8d5316c6687808f775de145d1405a7a9a66587ee6a001 android.hardware.audio.effect@4.0::IVirtualizerEffect
 fe28829dab10d171783b79ac9cc45412739f8ff275e90228d7c6370ef189b859 android.hardware.audio.effect@4.0::IVisualizerEffect
-5d92f6fd58d40c56611bb12f03be6af9bcf2bb73dfb35b77a99bbf2c3ea5439b android.hardware.audio.effect@4.0::types
+21c8a702579356480236c6851b5b2c16b9bd369ce12bdd6ffdc4626a89f34f73  android.hardware.audio.effect@4.0::types
 42a06dc288f61b0690580f3d37b30b663c31d74d50bb58d0772386b550d5faab android.hardware.authsecret@1.0::IAuthSecret
 a0f93c768c353cecee6237fe479bce47404eb10b629fafe07e32a054fd67f2af android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@1.0::IAudioControl
 ca515ff4b63c80cf5ad7b3395c997c57d6c56157361f6c367d1c96f23cc4860a android.hardware.automotive.audiocontrol@1.0::types
@@ -297,7 +299,7 @@
 3b17c1fdfc389e0abe626c37054954b07201127d890c2bc05d47613ec1f4de4f android.hardware.automotive.evs@1.0::types
 b3caf524c46a47d67e6453a34419e1881942d059e146cda740502670e9a752c3 android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::IVehicle
 7ce8728b27600e840cacf0a832f6942819fe535f9d3797ae052d5eef5065921c android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::IVehicleCallback
-848fb32d5ca79dd527d966e67c0af5874b6d7b361246b491e315cf7dea7888ab android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::types
+2e1815967a3e3278a7f304ed7efc04fbc56d0bb65b3126248c3a0d515b93f63d android.hardware.automotive.vehicle@2.0::types
 32cc50cc2a7658ec613c0c2dd2accbf6a05113b749852879e818b8b7b438db19 android.hardware.bluetooth.a2dp@1.0::IBluetoothAudioHost
 ff4be64d7992f8bec97dff37f35450e79b3430c61f85f54322ce45bef229dc3b android.hardware.bluetooth.a2dp@1.0::IBluetoothAudioOffload
 27f22d2e873e6201f9620cf4d8e2facb25bd0dd30a2b911e441b4600d560fa62 android.hardware.bluetooth.a2dp@1.0::types
@@ -336,8 +338,8 @@
 b8c7ed58aa8740361e63d0ce9e7c94227572a629f356958840b34809d2393a7c android.hardware.media.bufferpool@1.0::IClientManager
 4a2c0dc82780e6c90731725a103feab8ab6ecf85a64e049b9cbd2b2c61620fe1 android.hardware.media.bufferpool@1.0::IConnection
 6aef1218e5949f867b0104752ac536c1b707222a403341720de90141df129e3e android.hardware.media.bufferpool@1.0::types
-1529409ed76ae87facab152b770495e9e62544fcc5215daabf146c28d588bab9 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.1::IDevice
-e808a6f61cd7b47887c599d8843e67a2dcbf4ec5aadd5d22fdce93020070ef1b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.1::types
+7698dc2382a2eeb43541840e3ee624f34108efdfb976b2bfa7c13ef15fb8c4c4 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.1::IDevice
+5604001029a255648a9e955de0a822a48d9ba7cc259b106fb8be0cd43dc8eece android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.1::types
 8d3d86da0bfa4bf070970d8303c659f67f35d670c287d45a3f542e4fedadd578 android.hardware.nfc@1.1::INfc
 e85f566698d2a2c28100e264fcf2c691a066756ddf8dd341d009ff50cfe10614 android.hardware.nfc@1.1::INfcClientCallback
 5e278fcaa3287d397d8eebe1c22aaa28150f5caae1cf9381cd6dc32cb37899c5 android.hardware.nfc@1.1::types
diff --git a/health/2.0/README b/health/2.0/README
index 49b2b1e..11e6a7a 100644
--- a/health/2.0/README
+++ b/health/2.0/README
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 Upgrading from health@1.0 HAL
 
-0. Remove android.hardware.health@1.0* from PRDOUCT_PACKAGES
+0. Remove android.hardware.health@1.0* from PRODUCT_PACKAGES
    in device/<manufacturer>/<device>/device.mk
 
 1. If the device does not have a vendor-specific libhealthd AND does not
-   implement storage-related APIs, just add the following to PRODUCT_PACKAGES:
-   android.hardware.health@2.0-service
+   implement storage-related APIs, just do the following:
+
+    1.1 (recommended) To remove healthd from the build,
+        PRODUCT_PACKAGES += android.hardware.health@2.0-service.override
+        DEVICE_FRAMEWORK_MANIFEST_FILE += \
+            system/libhidl/vintfdata/manifest_healthd_exclude.xml
+    1.2 To keep healthd in the build,
+        PRODUCT_PACKAGES += android.hardware.health@2.0-service
+
    Otherwise, continue to Step 2.
 
 2. Create directory
@@ -45,14 +52,26 @@
     ],
 
     header_libs: ["libhealthd_headers"],
+
+    // Uncomment the following to remove healthd from the build.
+    // overrides: [
+    //     "healthd",
+    // ],
 }
 
+    3.1 (recommended) To remove healthd from the build, keep "overrides"
+          section, and include the following in device.mk:
+            DEVICE_FRAMEWORK_MANIFEST_FILE += \
+                system/libhidl/vintfdata/manifest_healthd_exclude.xml
+    3.2 To keep healthd in the build, remove "overrides" section.
+
 4. Create device/<manufacturer>/<device>/health/android.hardware.health@2.0-service.<device>.rc
 
 service vendor.health-hal-2-0 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.health@2.0-service.<device>
     class hal
     user system
     group system
+    file /dev/kmsg w
 
 5. Create device/<manufacturer>/<device>/health/HealthService.cpp:
 
diff --git a/health/2.0/default/Health.cpp b/health/2.0/default/Health.cpp
index 7a3e650..6d3be99 100644
--- a/health/2.0/default/Health.cpp
+++ b/health/2.0/default/Health.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.health@2.0-impl"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <health2/Health.h>
 
 #include <hal_conversion.h>
@@ -189,6 +190,17 @@
     if (handle != nullptr && handle->numFds >= 1) {
         int fd = handle->data[0];
         battery_monitor_->dumpState(fd);
+
+        getHealthInfo([fd](auto res, const auto& info) {
+            android::base::WriteStringToFd("\ngetHealthInfo -> ", fd);
+            if (res == Result::SUCCESS) {
+                android::base::WriteStringToFd(toString(info), fd);
+            } else {
+                android::base::WriteStringToFd(toString(res), fd);
+            }
+            android::base::WriteStringToFd("\n", fd);
+        });
+
         fsync(fd);
     }
     return Void();
diff --git a/health/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_0TargetTest.cpp b/health/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_0TargetTest.cpp
index 972bc7f..c5431e4 100644
--- a/health/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/health/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalHealthV2_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -190,18 +190,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool verifyDiskStats(const hidl_vec<struct DiskStats>& stats) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < stats.size(); i++) {
-        if (!(stats[i].reads > 0 && stats[i].readMerges > 0 && stats[i].readSectors > 0 &&
-              stats[i].readTicks > 0 && stats[i].writes > 0 && stats[i].writeMerges > 0 &&
-              stats[i].writeSectors > 0 && stats[i].writeTicks > 0 && stats[i].ioTicks > 0)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 template <typename T>
 bool verifyEnum(T value) {
     for (auto it : hidl_enum_iterator<T>()) {
@@ -214,7 +202,7 @@
 }
 
 bool verifyHealthInfo(const HealthInfo& health_info) {
-    if (!verifyStorageInfo(health_info.storageInfos) || !verifyDiskStats(health_info.diskStats)) {
+    if (!verifyStorageInfo(health_info.storageInfos)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -264,7 +252,7 @@
         EXPECT_VALID_OR_UNSUPPORTED_PROP(result, toString(value), verifyStorageInfo(value));
     }));
     EXPECT_OK(mHealth->getDiskStats([](auto result, auto& value) {
-        EXPECT_VALID_OR_UNSUPPORTED_PROP(result, toString(value), verifyDiskStats(value));
+        EXPECT_VALID_OR_UNSUPPORTED_PROP(result, toString(value), true);
     }));
     EXPECT_OK(mHealth->getHealthInfo([](auto result, auto& value) {
         EXPECT_VALID_OR_UNSUPPORTED_PROP(result, toString(value), verifyHealthInfo(value));
diff --git a/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index fbe5237..3a181a9 100644
--- a/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/3.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -2918,28 +2918,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * EncryptionOperationsTest.AesEcbWithUserId
- *
- * Verifies that AES ECB mode works when Tag::USER_ID is specified.
- */
-TEST_F(EncryptionOperationsTest, AesEcbWithUserId) {
-    string key = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ImportKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                           .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                           .Authorization(TAG_USER_ID, 0)
-                                           .AesEncryptionKey(key.size() * 8)
-                                           .EcbMode()
-                                           .Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7),
-                                       KeyFormat::RAW, key));
-
-    string message = "Hello World!";
-    auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB).Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7);
-    string ciphertext = EncryptMessage(message, params);
-    string plaintext = DecryptMessage(ciphertext, params);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message, plaintext);
-}
-
-/*
  * EncryptionOperationsTest.AesEcbRoundTripSuccess
  *
  * Verifies that AES encryption fails in the correct way when an unauthorized mode is specified.
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/HmacKeySharingTest.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/HmacKeySharingTest.cpp
index 96c47a8..f159796 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/HmacKeySharingTest.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/HmacKeySharingTest.cpp
@@ -136,6 +136,7 @@
 
     responses = computeSharedHmac(all_keymasters(), params);
     ASSERT_GT(responses.size(), 0U);
+    ASSERT_EQ(32U, responses[0].sharing_check.size());
     verifyResponses(responses[0].sharing_check, responses);
 }
 
@@ -216,7 +217,11 @@
     // matter what value is in the additional byte; it changes the seed regardless.
     auto param_to_tweak = rand() % params.size();
     auto& to_tweak = params[param_to_tweak].seed;
-    to_tweak.resize(to_tweak.size() + 1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(to_tweak.size() == 32 || to_tweak.size() == 0);
+    if (!to_tweak.size()) {
+        to_tweak.resize(32);  // Contents don't matter; a little randomization is nice.
+    }
+    to_tweak[0]++;
 
     responses = computeSharedHmac(all_keymasters(), params);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < responses.size(); ++i) {
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/KeymasterHidlTest.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/KeymasterHidlTest.cpp
index 37d8c42..e266a86 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/KeymasterHidlTest.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/KeymasterHidlTest.cpp
@@ -462,6 +462,7 @@
     auto authset = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                        .TripleDesEncryptionKey(key.size() * 7)
                        .BlockMode(block_mode)
+                       .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                        .Padding(padding_mode);
     if (iv.size()) authset.Authorization(TAG_CALLER_NONCE);
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ImportKey(authset, KeyFormat::RAW, key));
@@ -535,7 +536,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(1U, out_params.size());
     auto ivVal = out_params.GetTagValue(TAG_NONCE);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ivVal.isOk());
-    *iv_out = ivVal.value();
+    if (ivVal.isOk()) *iv_out = ivVal.value();
     return ciphertext;
 }
 
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index 602355b..bc33b2b 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -1819,24 +1819,26 @@
 }
 
 auto wrapped_key = hex2str(
-    "30820173020100048201006F5C273914D9E7EAB667FE62456A57DE64BED4A57DB3EFBB77E6907C82CC36B0BD12CB8A"
-    "85F3F8BC08A26C58186DB5C35636063388A04AE5579D3BDC057F9BB0EB6FDDA5E836DBB1F18A4546A64BA06E3D0132"
-    "AAA3306676638C786FAF0722E6E4145E0C91B009C422691F9F42F9F179DA93E16E7793DE5960E77A387433F0B43E49"
-    "3A7CF77ECA25BA724CC02F916D5792CAA76BC0756D3DB5D110D209B8B30285E9653D91FD89E953F351D82ACE1422CC"
-    "A146F8BD0C2F4CC32D1F81D894F4650043DB46109869696319A1A011BB003F2EBD8FA20B4A43F3226C1F182A39AE81"
-    "A35B9B7590A48B6A6874C9CC0EE0CD9528FB908688B4111932DF478CD7A92B50040CD796B02C370F1FA4CC0124F130"
-    "280201033023A1083106020100020101A203020120A30402020100A4053103020101A60531030201400420CCD54085"
-    "5F833A5E1480BFD2D36FAF3AEEE15DF5BEABE2691BC82DDE2A7AA91004107CB81BDDCD09E8F4DF575726279F3229");
+    "3082017902010004820100A0E69B1395D382354FC0E7F74AC068C5818279D76D46745C7274997D045BAA8B9763B3F3"
+    "09E5E59ECA99273AAAE0A37449DA9B1E67B66EC4E42BB62C25346683A43A9F2ACBCA6D350B25551CC53CE0721D29BE"
+    "90F60686877478F82B3BB111C5EAC0BAE9310D7AD11F5A82948B31C322820F24E20DDB0FBD07D1566DAEAA058D4645"
+    "2607352699E1F631D2ABAF60B13E41ED5EDBB90D252331BDB9CDB1B672E871F37CAC009FE9028B3B1E0ACE8F6F0678"
+    "3F581B860620BDD478969EDE3101AAEFF65C6DB03E143E586167DC87D0CCE39E9119782F7B60A7A1CF2B7EE234E013"
+    "E3DE6C56F0D51F30C389D31FA37C5F2875ACB44434E82EF40B316C93DE129BA0040CD796B02C370F1FA4CC0124F130"
+    "2E0201033029A1083106020100020101A203020120A30402020100A4053103020101A6053103020140BF8377020500"
+    "0420CCD540855F833A5E1480BFD2D36FAF3AEEE15DF5BEABE2691BC82DDE2A7AA910041064C9F689C60FF6223AB6E6"
+    "999E0EB6E5");
 
 auto wrapped_key_masked = hex2str(
-    "30820173020100048201009059BB6E48F8036ABE1800D9C74F3DB5F20448F035C2C78AFBCC28AF26581061298CAC78"
-    "A8CA5B79721B60B74490555168488ED696C8930D00463C6FC81BF0B6E4E26C93E018D0E3DC8754C6B261E0A7C3A6DA"
-    "1A223EB59ACA8E13348F14B9E944AF3C224906C1ABFE21ADDEE81FC641D45E092C6B0A75A9BA56C05529AE47ECA0D5"
-    "CD3568501CF04D47391FC695EDE19A3022B347D1BDC6C792A08AA014F87DD4BBD44777B14D7D2273191DDCFE4E8512"
-    "EFA677A14E68E5D820C5513331D687C08B6317FA64D404231D05C74CDD9AEB89D253FBE07154B2080CF4ACA5E1EFCB"
-    "53EB193E8A01DD5F9634B65EF9B49899003E245FDA6A3B137FAC1263E55A6E1D040C6D9721D08589581AB49204A330"
-    "280201033023A1083106020100020101A203020120A30402020100A4053103020101A60531030201400420A61C6E24"
-    "7E25B3E6E69AA78EB03C2D4AC20D1F99A9A024A76F35C8E2CAB9B68D04101FF7A0E793B9EE4AECEBB9AC4C545254");
+    "30820179020100048201001EF5320D3C920D7614688A439409ACE4318C48395ABB7247A68671BD4B7156A7773B31A4"
+    "4459B73858625988A312E4D8855138F555678F525E4C52D91444FDC936BE6AEB63FD73FD84201EF46F88A0B622F528"
+    "956C92C9C731EB65BCBC6A03BEAB45959B54A768E2842D2CE174EE542EF2A15DCAA7542F3574BEEB1A991F95439466"
+    "E1960A9CE9E4CBC77DB23765191E4758C850908BCC74E158B77AB774141F171262C1AC771FDFA2E942F2F7633E97E8"
+    "0BD492C3E821361AC6B4F568DE351C816C8C997212C707F728FB3BCAAA796EA6B8E7A80BE010970B380122940277E9"
+    "4C5E9288F7CB6878A4C4CC1E83AB85A81FD68E43B14F1F81AD21E0D3545D70EE040C6D9721D08589581AB49204A330"
+    "2E0201033029A1083106020100020101A203020120A30402020100A4053103020101A6053103020140BF8377020500"
+    "0420A61C6E247E25B3E6E69AA78EB03C2D4AC20D1F99A9A024A76F35C8E2CAB9B68D04102560C70109AE67C030F00B"
+    "98B512A670");
 
 auto wrapping_key = hex2str(
     "308204be020100300d06092a864886f70d0101010500048204a8308204a40201000282010100aec367931d8900ce56"
@@ -3226,11 +3228,10 @@
  * Verifies that 3DES is basically functional.
  */
 TEST_F(EncryptionOperationsTest, TripleDesEcbRoundTripSuccess) {
-    std::cout << "Hello" << std::endl;
-
     auto auths = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                      .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                      .BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB)
+                     .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                      .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(auths));
@@ -3259,6 +3260,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
 
     auto inParams = AuthorizationSetBuilder().BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB).Padding(PaddingMode::NONE);
@@ -3274,6 +3276,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7)));
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
@@ -3296,6 +3299,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
         auto inParams =
@@ -3313,6 +3317,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7)));
 
     string message = "a";
@@ -3443,6 +3448,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
     // Two-block message.
     string message = "1234567890123456";
@@ -3471,6 +3477,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Authorization(TAG_CALLER_NONCE)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
     string message = "1234567890123456";
@@ -3505,6 +3512,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
 
     string message = "12345678901234567890123456789012";
@@ -3536,6 +3544,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
     // Two-block message.
     string message = "1234567890123456";
@@ -3553,6 +3562,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
     // Message is slightly shorter than two blocks.
     string message = "123456789012345";
@@ -3574,6 +3584,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7)));
 
     // Try various message lengths; all should work.
@@ -3596,6 +3607,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
 
     // Try various message lengths; all should fail.
@@ -3615,6 +3627,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7)));
 
     string message = "a";
@@ -3645,6 +3658,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                              .TripleDesEncryptionKey(168)
                                              .BlockMode(BlockMode::CBC)
+                                             .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
                                              .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)));
 
     int increment = 7;
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/IDevice.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.0/IDevice.hal
index 49c2967..62fb2ba 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/IDevice.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/IDevice.hal
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     /**
      * Gets the supported operations in a model.
      *
-     * getSupportedSubgraph indicates which operations of a model are fully
+     * getSupportedOperations indicates which operations of a model are fully
      * supported by the vendor driver. If an operation may not be supported for
      * any reason, getSupportedOperations must return false for that operation.
      *
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/IExecutionCallback.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.0/IExecutionCallback.hal
index ef0f454..9c06166 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/IExecutionCallback.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/IExecutionCallback.hal
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
      * ErrorStatus resulting from the execution. If the asynchronous task
      * is not launched, notify must be invoked with the appropriate error.
      *
-     * @return param Error status returned from launching the asynchronous task
+     * @param status Error status returned from launching the asynchronous task
      *               (if the launch fails) or from the asynchronous task itself
      *               (if the launch succeeds). Must be:
      *               - NONE if the asynchronous execution was successful
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal
index c97a00b..8c07fcc 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal
@@ -24,38 +24,40 @@
  * Types prefaced with TENSOR_* must be used for tensor data (i.e., tensors
  * with at least one dimension). Types not prefaced by TENSOR_* represent
  * scalar values and must have no dimensions.
+ *
+ * Although many types are defined, most operators accept just a few
+ * types. Most used are {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32},
+ * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM},
+ * and {@link OperandType::INT32}.
  */
 enum OperandType : int32_t {
-    /**
-     * The following entries are used to declare scalars.
-     */
+    /** A 32 bit floating point scalar value. */
     FLOAT32             = 0,
+    /** A signed 32 bit integer scalar value. */
     INT32               = 1,
+    /** An unsigned 32 bit integer scalar value. */
     UINT32              = 2,
 
-    /**
-     * The following entries are used to declare tensors.
-     */
+    /** A tensor of 32 bit floating point values. */
     TENSOR_FLOAT32      = 3,
+    /** A tensor of 32 bit integer values. */
     TENSOR_INT32        = 4,
-
-    /**
-     * A tensor of 8 bit integers that represent real numbers.
+    /** A tensor of 8 bit integers that represent real numbers.
      *
      * Attached to this tensor are two numbers that can be used to convert the
      * 8 bit integer to the real value and vice versa. These two numbers are:
-     * - scale: a 32 bit floating point value
-     * - zero_value: a 32 bit integer
+     * - scale: a 32 bit floating point value greater than zero.
+     * - zeroPoint: a 32 bit integer, in range [0, 255].
      *
      * The formula is:
-     * real_value = (integer_value - zero_value) * scale.
+     * real_value = (integer_value - zeroPoint) * scale.
      */
     TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM = 5,
 
-    /**
-     * The following entries are OEM specific operand types.
-     */
+    /** OEM specific scalar value. */
     OEM                 = 10000,
+
+    /** A tensor of OEM specific values. */
     TENSOR_OEM_BYTE     = 10001,
 };
 
@@ -66,9 +68,9 @@
  */
 enum OperationType : int32_t {
     /**
-     * Adds two tensors, elment-wise.
+     * Adds two tensors, element-wise.
      *
-     * Takes two input tensors of identical type and compatible dimensions.  The output
+     * Takes two input tensors of identical type and compatible dimensions. The output
      * is the sum of both input tensors, optionally modified by an activation function.
      *
      * Two dimensions are compatible when:
@@ -79,22 +81,25 @@
      * It starts with the trailing dimensions, and works its way forward.
      *
      * Example:
-     *     input1.dimension =    {4, 1, 2}
+     *
+     *     input1.dimension = {4, 1, 2}
      *     input2.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 1}
      *     output.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 2}
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor.
-     * 1: A tensor of the same type, and compatible dimensions as input0.
-     * 2: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * * 0: A tensor.
+     * * 1: A tensor of the same type, and compatible dimensions as input0.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The sum, a tensor of the same type as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The sum, a tensor of the same type as input0.
      */
     ADD = 0,
 
@@ -103,29 +108,50 @@
      *
      * The output dimensions are functions of the filter dimensions, stride, and padding.
      *
-     * The values in output Tensor is computed as:
+     * The values in the output tensor are computed as:
+     *
      *     output[batch, row, col, channel] =
      *         sum_{i, j}(input[batch, row + i, col + j, channel]) / sum(1)
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
-     * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
      *
-     * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
-     * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
-     * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" (i.e., Num_samples, Height, Width, and Channels)
+     * data layout.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
+     * Both explicit padding and implicit padding are supported.
+     *
+     * Inputs (explicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
+     * * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
+     * * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Inputs (implicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the implicit padding scheme, has to be one of the
+     *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
      */
     AVERAGE_POOL_2D = 1,
 
@@ -135,19 +161,21 @@
      * The input tensors must have identical type and the same dimensions except the
      * dimension along the concatenation axis.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0 ~ n: The list on n input tensors, of shape [D0, D1, ..., Daxis(i), ..., Dm]
-     * n+1: An INT32 value, specifying the concatenation axis.
-     * n+2: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * * 0 ~ n-1: The list of n input tensors, of shape [D0, D1, ..., Daxis(i), ..., Dm].
+     *            For inputs of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, all
+     *            input tensors must have the same scale and zeroPoint.
+     * * n: An INT32 value, specifying the concatenation axis.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output, a tensor of the same type as the input tensors.
-          The output shape is [D0, D1, ..., sum(Daxis(i)), ..., Dm].
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output, a tensor of the same type as the input tensors.
+     *      The output shape is [D0, D1, ..., sum(Daxis(i)), ..., Dm].
      */
     CONCATENATION = 2,
 
@@ -159,7 +187,8 @@
      *
      * The output dimensions are functions of the filter dimensions, stride, and padding.
      *
-     * The values in output Tensor is computed as:
+     * The values in the output tensor are computed as:
+     *
      *     output[batch, row, col, channel] =
      *         sum_{i, j} (
      *             input[batch, row + i, col + j, k] *
@@ -167,77 +196,135 @@
      *             bias[channel]
      *         )
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
-     * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
-     * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape [depth_out, filter_height, filter_width, depth_in],
-     *    specifying the filter.
-     * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [depth_out], specifying the bias.
-     *    For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
-     *    also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
-     *    For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
-     *    should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}.
-     * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * Both explicit padding and implicit padding are supported.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out].
+     * Inputs (explicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape [depth_out, filter_height, filter_width, depth_in],
+     *      specifying the filter.
+     * * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [depth_out], specifying the bias.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
+     *      also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
+     *      should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, with zeroPoint of 0 and
+     *      bias_scale == input_scale * filter_scale.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Inputs (implicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape [depth_out, filter_height, filter_width, depth_in],
+     *      specifying the filter.
+     * * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [depth_out], specifying the bias.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
+     *      also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
+     *      should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, with zeroPoint of 0 and
+     *      bias_scale == input_scale * filter_scale.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the implicit padding scheme, has to be one of the
+     *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out].
+     *      For output tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the following
+     *      condition must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale.
      */
     CONV_2D = 3,
 
     /**
-     * Performs an depthwise 2-D convolution operation.
+     * Performs a depthwise 2-D convolution operation.
      *
      * Given an input tensor of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in] and a filter
-     * tensor of shape [depth_out, filter_height, filter_width, depth_in] containing
-     * in_channels convolutional filters of depth 1, DEPTHWISE_CONV applies a different
+     * tensor of shape [1, filter_height, filter_width, depth_out] containing
+     * depth_out convolutional filters of depth 1, DEPTHWISE_CONV applies a different
      * filter to each input channel (expanding from 1 channel to channel_multiplier channels
      * for each), then concatenates the results together.
      *
      * The output has depth_out = depth_in * depth_multiplier channels.
      * The output dimensions are functions of the filter dimensions, stride, and padding.
      *
-     * The values in output Tensor is computed as:
+     * The values in the output tensor are computed as:
+     *
      *     output[b, i, j, k * channel_multiplier + q] =
      *         sum_{di, dj} (
      *             input[b, strides[1] * i + di, strides[2] * j + dj, k] *
-     *             filter[di, dj, k, q]
+     *             filter[1, di, dj, k * channel_multiplier + q]
      *         )
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
-     * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
-     * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape [1, filter_height, filter_width, depth_out],
-     *    specifying the filter.
-     * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [depth_out], specifying the bias.
-     *    For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
-     *    also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
-     *    For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
-     *    should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}.
-     * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 9: An INT32 value, specifying the depthwise multiplier.
-     * 10: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * Both explicit padding and implicit padding are supported.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out].
+     * Inputs (explicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape [1, filter_height, filter_width, depth_out],
+     *      specifying the filter.
+     * * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [depth_out], specifying the bias.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
+     *      also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
+     *      should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, with zeroPoint of 0 and
+     *      bias_scale == input_scale * filter_scale.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 9: An INT32 value, specifying the depthwise multiplier.
+     * * 10: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *       Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Inputs (implicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape [1, filter_height, filter_width, depth_out],
+     *      specifying the filter.
+     * * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [depth_out], specifying the bias.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
+     *      also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
+     *      should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, with zeroPoint of 0 and
+     *      bias_scale == input_scale * filter_scale.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the implicit padding scheme, has to be one of the
+     *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the depthwise multiplier.
+     * * 7: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *       Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out].
+     *      For output tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the following
+     *      condition must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale.
      */
     DEPTHWISE_CONV_2D = 4,
 
@@ -255,18 +342,20 @@
      * input_height * block_size.
      * The depth of the input tensor must be divisible by block_size * block_size
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the block_size. block_size must be >=1 and
-     *    block_size * block_size must be a divisor of the input depth.
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the block_size. block_size must be >=1 and
+     *      block_size * block_size must be a divisor of the input depth.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batch, height*block_size, width*block_size,
-     *    depth/(block_size*block_size)].
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batch, height*block_size, width*block_size,
+     *      depth/(block_size*block_size)].
      */
     DEPTH_TO_SPACE = 5,
 
@@ -274,53 +363,69 @@
      * Dequantizes the input tensor.
      *
      * The formula is:
-     *     output = (input - zero_value) * scale.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *     output = (input - zeroPoint) * scale.
+     *
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}.
+     * * 0: A tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0, but with type
-          {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0, but with type
+     *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
      */
     DEQUANTIZE = 6,
 
     /**
-     * Looks up items from a given tensor.
+     * Looks up sub-tensors in the input tensor.
      *
-     * Each item in the output is a raw copy of the corresponding item in
-     * the input “values”. If the the given “lookup” indices are out of bounds,
-     * the op will fail and an error will be reported.
+     * This operator takes for input a tensor of values (Values) and
+     * a one-dimensional tensor of selection indices (Lookups).
+     * The output tensor is the concatenation of sub-tensors of Values as
+     * selected by Lookups.
+     *
+     * Think of Values as being sliced along its first dimension:
+     * The entries in Lookups select which slices are concatenated together
+     * to create the output tensor.
+     *
+     * For example, if Values has shape of [40, 200, 300] and
+     * Lookups has shape of [3], all three values found in Lookups are
+     * expected to be between 0 and 39. The resulting tensor must
+     * have shape of [3, 200, 300].
+     *
+     * If a value in Lookups is out of bounds, the operation must fail
+     * and an error must be reported.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: Values. An n-D tensor of any type X (where n >= 2). E.g., if n is 2,
-     *      then the shape would be [lookup_dimension, values_dimension], where
-     *      “lookup_dimension” corresponds to the indexing dimension in the lookup
-     *      table, and “values_dimension” to the contents.
-     * * 1: Lookups. An 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [lookup_size], where
-     *      “lookup_size” is the number of elements to look for, and each entry
-     *      corresponds to the first dimension of the “values” tensor.
+     * * 0: Lookups. A 1-D tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} type.
+     *      The values are indices into the first dimension of Values.
+     * * 1: Values. An n-D tensor, where n >= 2, from which sub-tensors are
+     *      extracted.
      *
      * Output:
-     * * 0: A n-D tensor of type X and the same rank and shape as the “values”
-     *      tensor, except for the first dimension which has size “lookup_size”.
+     * * 0: A n-D tensor with the same rank and shape as the Values
+     *      tensor, except for the first dimension which has the same size
+     *      as Lookups' only dimension.
      */
     EMBEDDING_LOOKUP = 7,
 
     /**
      * Computes element-wise floor() on the input tensor.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor.
+     * * 0: A tensor.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output, a tensor of the same type and dimensions as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor, of the same type and dimensions as the input tensor.
      */
     FLOOR = 8,
 
@@ -329,66 +434,104 @@
      * tensor with each element in the output tensor.
      *
      * This layer implements the operation:
+     *
      *     outputs = activation(inputs * weights’ + bias)
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. If rank is greater than 2, then it gets flattened to
-     *    a 2-D Tensor. The 2-D Tensor is handled as if dimensions corresponded to shape
-     *    [batch_size, input_size], where “batch_size” corresponds to the batching dimension,
-     *    and “input_size” is the size of the input.
-     * 1: A 2-D tensor, specifying the weights, of shape [num_units, input_size], where “num_units”
-     *    corresponds to the number of output nodes.
-     * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [num_units], specifying the bias.
-     *    For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
-     *    also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
-     *    For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
-     *    should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}.
-     * 3: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. If rank is greater than 2, then it gets flattened to
+     *      a 2-D Tensor. The 2-D Tensor is handled as if dimensions corresponded to shape
+     *      [batch_size, input_size], where “batch_size” corresponds to the batching dimension,
+     *      and “input_size” is the size of the input.
+     * * 1: A 2-D tensor, specifying the weights, of shape [num_units, input_size], where
+     *      "num_units" corresponds to the number of output nodes.
+     * * 2: A 1-D tensor, of shape [num_units], specifying the bias.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} type, the bias should
+     *      also be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}.
+     *      For input tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the bias
+     *      should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, with zeroPoint of 0 and
+     *      bias_scale == input_scale * filter_scale.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
+     *      For output tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the following
+     *      condition must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale.
      */
     FULLY_CONNECTED = 9,
 
     /**
-     * Looks up values of a hash table with given keys.
+     * Looks up sub-tensors in the input tensor using a key-value map.
+     *
+     * This operator takes for input a tensor of values (Values),
+     * a one-dimensional tensor of selection values (Lookups) and
+     * a one-dimensional tensor that maps these values to Values
+     * indexes. The output tensor is the concatenation of sub-tensors of
+     * Values as selected by Lookups via Keys.
+     *
+     * Think of Values as being sliced along its outer-most dimension.
+     * The output is a concatenation of selected slices, with one slice
+     * for each entry of Lookups. The slice selected is the one at the
+     * same index as the Maps entry that matches the value in Lookups.
+     *
+     * For a hit, the corresponding sub-tensor of Values is included
+     * in the Output tensor. For a miss, the corresponding sub-tensor in
+     * Output must have zero values.
+     *
+     * For example, if Values has shape of [40, 200, 300],
+     * Keys should have a shape of [40]. If Lookups tensor has shape
+     * of [3], three slices are being concatenated, so the resulting tensor
+     * must have the shape of [3, 200, 300]. If the first entry in Lookups
+     * has the value 123456, that value must be located in Keys tensor.
+     * If the sixth entry of Keys contains 123456, the sixth slice of Values
+     * must be selected. If no entry in Keys has 123456, a slice of zeroes
+     * must be concatenated.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: Lookups. A 1-D int32 tensor with shape [ k ].
-     * * 1: Keys. A 1-D int32 tensor with shape [ n ], *MUST* be sorted in
-     *      ascending order.
-     * * 2: Values. A tensor with shape [ n … ].
+     * * 0: Lookups. A 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor with shape [ k ].
+     * * 1: Keys. A 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor with shape [ n ];
+     *      Keys and Values pair represent a map, i.e., the ith element
+     *      in Keys (Keys[i]) is the key to select the ith sub-tensor
+     *      in Values (Values[i]), where 0 <= i <= n-1.
+     *      Keys tensor *MUST* be sorted in ascending order.
+     * * 2: Values. A tensor with shape of [ n, … ]; i.e., the first dimension must be n.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: Output. A tensor with shape [ k …].
-     * * 1: Hits. A uint8 tensor with shape [ k ] indicates whether the lookup
-     *      hits or not.
+     * * 1: Hits. A boolean tensor with shape [ k ] indicates whether the lookup
+     *      hits (True) or not (False).
+     *      Stored as {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} with offset 0 and scale 1.0f.
+     *      A non-zero byte represents True, a hit. A zero indicates otherwise.
      */
     HASHTABLE_LOOKUP = 10,
 
     /**
-     * Applies L2 normalization along a the depth dimension.
+     * Applies L2 normalization along the depth dimension.
      *
-     * The values in output Tensor is computed as:
+     * The values in the output tensor are computed as:
+     *
      *     output[batch, row, col, channel] =
      *         input[batch, row, col, channel] /
      *         sqrt(sum_{c} pow(input[batch, row, col, c], 2))
      *
-     * For x with more dimensions, independently normalizes each 1-D slice along dimension dim.
+     * For input tensor with more dimensions, independently normalizes each 1-D slice along dimension dim.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
+     * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout (i.e., Num_samples, Height, Width, and Channels).
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth].
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
      */
     L2_NORMALIZATION = 11,
 
@@ -397,28 +540,48 @@
      *
      * The output dimensions are functions of the filter dimensions, stride, and padding.
      *
-     * The values in output Tensor is computed as:
+     * The values in the output tensor are computed as:
+     *
      *     output[batch, row, col, channel] =
      *         sqrt(sum_{i, j} pow(input[batch, row + i, col + j, channel], 2) / sum(1))
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
-     * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
-     * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
-     * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * Both explicit padding and implicit padding are supported.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
+     * Inputs (explicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
+     * * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
+     * * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Inputs (implicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the implicit padding scheme, has to be one of the
+     *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
      */
     L2_POOL_2D = 12,
 
@@ -429,41 +592,49 @@
      * dimension), and each vector is normalized independently. Within a given vector,
      * each component is divided by the weighted, squared sum of inputs within depth_radius.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     sqr_sum[a, b, c, d] =
      *         sum(pow(input[a, b, c, d - depth_radius : d + depth_radius + 1], 2)
      *     output = input / pow((bias + alpha * sqr_sum), beta)
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the radius of the normalization window.
-     * 2: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the bias, must not be zero.
-     * 3: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the scale factor, alpha.
-     * 4: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the exponent, beta.
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the radius of the normalization window.
+     * * 2: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the bias, must not be zero.
+     * * 3: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the scale factor, alpha.
+     * * 4: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the exponent, beta.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
      */
     LOCAL_RESPONSE_NORMALIZATION = 13,
 
     /**
      * Computes sigmoid activation on the input tensor element-wise.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     output = 1 / (1 + exp(-input))
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     *      For {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type,
+     *      the scale must be 1.f / 256 and the zeroPoint must be 0.
      */
     LOGISTIC = 14,
 
@@ -502,102 +673,165 @@
     LSH_PROJECTION = 15,
 
     /**
-     * Long short-term memory unit (LSTM) recurrent network layer.
+     * Performs a single time step in a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) layer
      *
-     * The default non-peephole implementation is based on:
-     * http://deeplearning.cs.cmu.edu/pdfs/Hochreiter97_lstm.pdf
+     * The LSTM operation is described by the following equations.
+     *
+     * \f{eqnarray*}{
+     * i_t =& \sigma(W_{xi}x_t+W_{hi}h_{t-1}+W_{ci}C_{t-1}+b_i) & \\
+     * f_t =& \sigma(W_{xf}x_t+W_{hf}h_{t-1}+W_{cf}C_{t-1}+b_f) & \\
+     * C_t =& clip(f_t \odot C_{t-1} + i_t \odot g(W_{xc}x_t+W_{hc}h_{t-1}+b_c),\ t_{cell})& \\
+     * o_t =& \sigma(W_{xo}x_t+W_{ho}h_{t-1}+W_{co}C_t+b_o)& \\
+     *      & clip(W_{proj}(o_t \odot g(C_t))+b_{proj},\ t_{proj}) & if\ there\ is\ a\ projection; \\
+     * h_t =& & \\
+     *      & o_t \odot g(C_t) & otherwise. \\
+     * \f}
+     * Where:
+     * * \f$x_t\f$ is the input,
+     * * \f$i_t\f$ is the input gate,
+     * * \f$f_t\f$ is the forget gate,
+     * * \f$C_t\f$ is the cell state,
+     * * \f$o_t\f$ is the output,
+     * * \f$h_t\f$ is the output state,
+     * * \f$\sigma\f$ is the logistic sigmoid function,
+     * * \f$g\f$ is the cell input and cell output activation function, usually \f$tahn\f$,
+     * * \f$W_{xi}\f$ is the input-to-input weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{hi}\f$ is the recurrent to input weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{ci}\f$ is the cell-to-input weight matrix,
+     * * \f$b_i\f$ is the input gate bias,
+     * * \f$W_{xf}\f$ is the input-to-forget weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{hf}\f$ is the recurrent-to-forget weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{cf}\f$ is the cell-to-forget weight matrix,
+     * * \f$b_f\f$ is the forget gate bias,
+     * * \f$W_{xc}\f$ is the input-to-cell weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{hc}\f$ is the recurrent-to-cell weight matrix,
+     * * \f$b_c\f$ is the cell bias,
+     * * \f$W_{xo}\f$ is the input-to-output weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{ho}\f$ is the recurrent-to-output weight matrix,
+     * * \f$W_{co}\f$ is the cell-to-output weight matrix,
+     * * \f$b_o\f$ is the output gate bias,
+     * * \f$W_{proj}\f$ is the projection weight matrix,
+     * * \f$b_{proj}\f$ is the projection bias,
+     * * \f$t_{cell}\f$ is the threshold for clipping the cell state, and
+     * * \f$t_{proj}\f$ is the threshold for clipping the projected output.
+     * * \f$\odot\f$ is the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadamard_product_(matrices)">
+     *   Hadamard product</a> that takes two matrices and produces another
+     *   matrix, each element of which is the product of the corresponding
+     *   elements of the input matrices.
+     *
+     * The operation has the following independently optional inputs:
+     * * The input-to-input weights (\f$W_{xi}\f$), recurrent-to-input weights (\f$W_{hi}\f$),
+     *   cell-to-input (\f$W_{ci}\f$) weights, and input gate bias (\f$b_i\f$) either all have values,
+     *   or none of them have values (i.e., all set to null). If they have no
+     *   values, coupling of input and forget gates (CIFG) is used, in which case
+     *   the input gate (\f$i_t\f$) is calculated using the following equation instead.
+     *   \f{eqnarray*}{
+     *   i_t = 1 - f_t
+     *   \f}
+     * * The cell-to-input weights (\f$W_{ci}\f$), cell-to-forget weights (\f$W_{cf}\f$), and cell-to-output
+     *   weights (\f$W_{co}\f$) either all have values or none of them have values.
+     *   If they have values, the peephole optimization is used.
+     * * The projection weights (\f$W_{proj}\f$) is required only for the recurrent projection
+     *   layer, and should otherwise have no value.
+     * * The projection bias (\f$b_{proj}\f$) may (but not required to) have a value if the
+     *   recurrent projection layer exists, and should otherwise have no value.
+     *
+     * References:
+     *
+     * The default non-peephole non-CIFG implementation is based on:
+     * http://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf
      * S. Hochreiter and J. Schmidhuber. "Long Short-Term Memory". Neural
      * Computation, 9(8):1735-1780, 1997.
      *
-     * The peephole implementation is based on:
+     * The peephole implementation and projection layer is based on:
      * https://research.google.com/pubs/archive/43905.pdf
      * Hasim Sak, Andrew Senior, and Francoise Beaufays. "Long short-term memory
      * recurrent neural network architectures for large scale acoustic modeling."
      * INTERSPEECH, 2014.
+     * (However, the concept of peephole optimization was introduced in work
+     * prior to this paper.)
      *
      * The coupling of input and forget gate (CIFG) is based on:
      * http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.04069.pdf
      * Greff et al. "LSTM: A Search Space Odyssey"
      *
-     * The class has the following independently optional inputs:
-     * * If input gate (if CIFG): “input_to_forget_weights”,
-     *   “recurrent_to_input_weights”, “cell_to_input_weights”, “input_gate_bias”.
-     * * If no peephole connections: “cell_to_input_weights”,
-     *   “cell_to_forget_weights”, “cell_to_output_weights”.
-     * * If no projection layer: “projection_weights” and “projection_bias”.
-     * * If no projection bias: “projection_bias”.
-     *
-     * Supported tensor types:
+     * Supported tensor types (type T):
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: Input.
+     * * 0: The input (\f$x_t\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, input_size], where
      *      “batch_size” corresponds to the batching dimension, and “input_size”
      *      is the size of the input.
-     * * 1: input_to_input_weights.
+     * * 1: The input-to-input weights (\f$W_{xi}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, input_size], where
      *      “num_units” corresponds to the number of cell units.
-     * * 2: input_to_forget_weights.
+     * * 2: The input-to-forget weights (\f$W_{xf}\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, input_size].
-     * * 3: input_to_cell_weights.
+     * * 3: The input-to-cell weights (\f$W_{xc}\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, input_size].
-     * * 4: input_to_output_weights.
+     * * 4: The input-to-output weights (\f$W_{xo}\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, input_size].
-     * * 5: recurrent_to_input_weights.
+     * * 5: The recurrent-to-input weights (\f$W_{hi}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, output_size], where
      *      “output_size” corresponds to either the number of cell units (i.e.,
      *      “num_units”), or the second dimension of the “projection_weights”, if
      *      defined.
-     * * 6: recurrent_to_forget_weights.
+     * * 6: The recurrent-to-forget weights (\f$W_{hf}\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, output_size].
-     * * 7: recurrent_to_cell_weights.
+     * * 7: The recurrent-to-cell weights (\f$W_{hc}\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, output_size].
-     * * 8: recurrent_to_output_weights.
+     * * 8: The recurrent-to-output weights (\f$W_{ho}\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, output_size].
-     * * 9: cell_to_input_weights.
+     * * 9: The cell-to-input weights (\f$W_{ci}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 10:cell_to_forget_weights.
+     * * 10:The cell-to-forget weights (\f$W_{cf}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 11:cell_to_output_weights.
+     * * 11:The cell-to-output weights (\f$W_{co}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 12:input_gate_bias.
+     * * 12:The input gate bias (\f$b_i\f$). Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 13:forget_gate_bias.
+     * * 13:The forget gate bias (\f$b_f\f$).
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 14:cell_bias.
+     * * 14:The cell bias (\f$b_c\f$).
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 15:output_gate_bias.
+     * * 15:The output gate bias (\f$b_o\f$).
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     * * 16:projection_weights.
+     * * 16:The projection weights (\f$W_{proj}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [output_size, num_units].
-     * * 17:projection_bias.
+     * * 17:The projection bias (\f$b_{proj}\f$). Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [output_size].
-     *
-     * Parameters:
-     * * 18:fused_activation_function.
-     *      An (optional) ActivationFunctionType indicating the activation
-     *      function.
-     *      If “NONE” is specified then it results in a linear activation.
-     * * 19:cell_clip.
-     *      A clipping threshold for the cell state, such that values are bound
+     * * 18:The output state (in) (\f$h_{t-1}\f$).
+     *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, output_size].
+     * * 19:The cell state (in) (\f$C_{t-1}\f$).
+     *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
+     * * 20:The activation function (\f$g\f$).
+     *      A value indicating the activation function:
+     *      <ul>
+     *      <li>0: None;
+     *      <li>1: Relu;
+     *      <li>3: Relu6;
+     *      <li>4: Tanh;
+     *      <li>6: Sigmoid.
+     *      </ul>
+     * * 21:The clipping threshold (\f$t_{cell}\f$) for the cell state, such that values are bound
      *      within [-cell_clip, cell_clip]. If set to 0.0 then clipping is
      *      disabled.
-     * * 20:proj_clip.
-     *      A clipping threshold for the output from the projection layer, such
+     * * 22:The clipping threshold (\f$t_{proj}\f$) for the output from the projection layer, such
      *      that values are bound within [-proj_clip, proj_clip]. If set to 0.0
      *      then clipping is disabled.
      *
      * Outputs:
-     * * 0: scratch_buffer.
-     *      A 3-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_cell, 4].
-     * * 1: output_state.
+     * * 0: The scratch buffer.
+     *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units * 4] with
+     *      CIFG, or [batch_size, num_units * 3] without CIFG.
+     * * 1: The output state (out) (\f$h_t\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, output_size].
-     * * 2: cell_state.
+     * * 2: The cell state (out) (\f$C_t\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
-     * * 3: output.
+     * * 3: The output (\f$o_t\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, output_size]. This is
-     *      effectively the same as the current “output_state” value.
+     *      effectively the same as the current “output state (out)” value.
      */
     LSTM = 16,
 
@@ -606,36 +840,56 @@
      *
      * The output dimensions are functions of the filter dimensions, stride, and padding.
      *
-     * The values in output Tensor is computed as:
+     * The values in the output tensor are computed as:
+     *
      *     output[batch, row, col, channel] =
      *         max_{i, j} (input[batch, row + i, col + j, channel])
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
-     * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘width’ dimension.
-     * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the output stride in the ‘height’ dimension.
-     * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
-     * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
-     * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * Both explicit padding and implicit padding are supported.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
+     * Inputs (explicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the right,in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the top, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the padding on the bottom, in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 7: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
+     * * 8: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
+     * * 9: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Inputs (implicit padding):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the implicit padding scheme, has to be one of the
+     *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘width’ dimension.
+     * * 3: An INT32 value, specifying the stride when walking through input
+     *      in the ‘height’ dimension.
+     * * 4: An INT32 value, specifying the filter width.
+     * * 5: An INT32 value, specifying the filter height.
+     * * 6: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     *
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, out_height, out_width, depth].
      */
     MAX_POOL_2D = 17,
 
     /**
-     * Multiplies two tensors, elment-wise.
+     * Multiplies two tensors, element-wise.
      *
-     * Takes two input tensors of identical type and compatible dimensions.  The output
+     * Takes two input tensors of identical type and compatible dimensions. The output
      * is the product of both input tensors, optionally modified by an activation function.
      *
      * Two dimensions are compatible when:
@@ -645,72 +899,85 @@
      * The size of the resulting output is the maximum size along each dimension of the
      * input operands. It starts with the trailing dimensions, and works its way forward.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor.
-     * 1: A tensor of the same type, and compatible dimensions as input0.
-     * 2: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
-     *    Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
+     * * 0: A tensor.
+     * * 1: A tensor of the same type, and compatible dimensions as input0.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, and has to be one of the {@link FusedActivationFunc} values.
+     *      Specifies the activation to invoke on the result of each addition.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The product, a tensor of the same type as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The product, a tensor of the same type as input0.
+     *      For output tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type, the following
+     *      condition must be satisfied: output_scale > input1_scale * input2_scale.
      */
     MUL = 18,
 
     /**
      * Computes rectified linear activation on the input tensor element-wise.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     output = max(0, input)
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
      */
     RELU = 19,
 
     /**
      * Computes rectified linear 1 activation on the input tensor element-wise.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     output = min(1.f, max(-1.f, input))
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
      */
     RELU1 = 20,
 
     /**
      * Computes rectified linear 6 activation on the input tensor element-wise.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     output = min(6, max(0, input))
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
      */
     RELU6 = 21,
 
@@ -720,36 +987,41 @@
      * Given tensor, this operation returns a tensor that has the same values as tensor,
      * but with a newly specified shape.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped.
-     * 1: A 1-D tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, defining the shape
-     *    of the output tensor. The number of elements implied by shape must be the same
-     *    as the number of elements in the input tensor.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped.
+     * * 1: A 1-D tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32}, defining the shape
+     *      of the output tensor. The number of elements implied by shape must be the same
+     *      as the number of elements in the input tensor.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor, of shape specified by the input shape.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor, of shape specified by the input shape.
      */
     RESHAPE = 22,
 
     /**
      * Resizes images to given size using the bilinear interpretation.
      *
-     * Resized images will be distorted if their original aspect ratio is not the same as input.
+     * Resized images must be distorted if their output aspect ratio is not the same as
+     * input aspect ratio.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the output width of the output tensor.
-     * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the output height of the output tensor.
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the output height of the output tensor.
+     * * 2: An INT32 value, specifying the output width of the output tensor.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, new_height, new_width, depth].
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, new_height, new_width, depth].
      */
     RESIZE_BILINEAR = 23,
 
@@ -768,7 +1040,7 @@
      * * “activation” is the function passed as the “fused_activation_function”
      *   argument (if not “NONE”).
      *
-     * Supported tensor types:
+     * Supported tensor types (Type T):
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
      *
      * Inputs:
@@ -784,21 +1056,18 @@
      *      corresponding to the weights from each unit.
      * * 3: bias.
      *      A 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     *
-     *    For FLOAT32 input tensor, bias must also be FLOAT32.
-     *    For UINT8 input tensor, bias must be INT32.
-     *
-     * Parameters
-     * * 4: fused_activation_function.
-     *      An (optional) ActivationFunctionType indicating the activation
+     * * 4: hidden state (in).
+     *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
+     * * 5: fused_activation_function.
+     *      An optional {@link FusedActivationFunc} value indicating the activation
      *      function. If “NONE” is specified then it results in a linear
      *      activation.
      *
-     * * 5: Hidden state.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: hidden state (out).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
      *
-     * Outputs:
-     * * 0: output.
+     * * 1: output.
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units]. This is
      *      effectively the same as the current state value.
      */
@@ -808,21 +1077,26 @@
      * Computes the softmax activation on the input tensor element-wise, per batch, by
      * normalizing the input vector so the maximum coefficient is zero.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     output[batch, i] =
      *         exp((input[batch, i] - max(input[batch, :])) * beta) /
      *         sum_{k}{exp((input[batch, k] - max(input[batch, :])) * beta)}
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 2 or 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 2-D or 4-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped.
-     * 1: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the scaling factor for the exponent, beta.
+     * * 0: A 2-D or 4-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped.
+     * * 1: A FLOAT32 value, specifying the positive scaling factor for the exponent, beta.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     *      For {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} type,
+     *      the scale must be 1.f / 256 and the zeroPoint must be 0.
      */
     SOFTMAX = 25,
 
@@ -839,18 +1113,20 @@
      * The depth of the output tensor is input_depth * block_size * block_size.
      * The input tensor's height and width must be divisible by block_size.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: 4, with "NHWC" data layout.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
-     * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the block_size. block_size must be >=1 and
-     *    block_size must be a divisor of both the input height and width.
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in], specifying the input.
+     * * 1: An INT32 value, specifying the block_size. block_size must be >=1 and
+     *      block_size must be a divisor of both the input height and width.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batch, height/block_size, width/block_size,
-     *    depth*block_size*block_size].
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape [batch, height/block_size, width/block_size,
+     *      depth*block_size*block_size].
      */
     SPACE_TO_DEPTH = 26,
 
@@ -874,8 +1150,8 @@
      *
      * Specifically, for rank 1, this layer implements the operation:
      *
-     *    memory = push(conv1d(inputs, weights_feature, feature_dim, "VALID"));
-     *    outputs = activation(memory * weights_time + bias);
+     *     memory = push(conv1d(inputs, weights_feature, feature_dim, "PADDING_VALID"));
+     *     outputs = activation(memory * weights_time + bias);
      *
      * Where:
      * * “weights_feature” is a weights matrix that processes the inputs (by
@@ -892,7 +1168,7 @@
      * Each rank adds a dimension to the weights matrices by means of stacking
      * the filters.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types:
+     * Supported tensor types (type T):
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
      *
      * Inputs:
@@ -907,20 +1183,17 @@
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units, memory_size], where
      *      “memory_size” corresponds to the fixed-size of the memory.
      * * 3: bias.
-     *      A optional 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
-     *
-     *    For FLOAT32 input tensor, bias must also be FLOAT32.
-     *    For UINT8 input tensor, bias must be INT32.
-     *
-     * Parameters:
-     * * 4: rank.
+     *      An optional 1-D tensor of type T, of shape [num_units].
+     * * 4: state (in).
+     *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, (memory_size - 1) * num_units * rank].
+     * * 5: rank.
      *      The rank of the SVD approximation.
-     * * 5: fused_activation_function.
-     *      An (optional) ActivationFunctionType indicating the activation function.
+     * * 6: fused_activation_function.
+     *      An optional {@link FusedActivationFunc} value indicating the activation function.
      *      If “NONE” is specified then it results in a linear activation.
      *
      * Outputs:
-     * * 0: state.
+     * * 0: state (out).
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, (memory_size - 1) * num_units * rank].
      * * 1: output.
      *      A 2-D tensor of type T, of shape [batch_size, num_units].
@@ -930,17 +1203,20 @@
     /**
      * Computes hyperbolic tangent of input tensor element-wise.
      *
-     * In details:
+     * The output is calculated using this formula:
+     *
      *     output = tanh(input)
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
      *
-     * Ouputs:
-     * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
+     * Outputs:
+     * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
      */
     TANH = 28,
 
@@ -967,8 +1243,8 @@
  */
 enum OperandLifeTime : int32_t {
     /**
-     * The operand is internal to the model.  It's created by an operation
-     * and consumed by other operations.
+     * The operand is internal to the model. It's created by an operation and
+     * consumed by other operations.
      */
     TEMPORARY_VARIABLE,
 
@@ -1081,7 +1357,11 @@
     vec<uint32_t> dimensions;
 
     /**
-     * The number of operations that use this operand as input.
+     * The number of times this operand appears as an operation input.
+     *
+     * (For example, if this operand appears once in one operation's
+     * input list, and three times in another operation's input list,
+     * then numberOfConsumers = 4.)
      */
     uint32_t numberOfConsumers;
 
@@ -1108,7 +1388,7 @@
     /**
      * Where to find the data for this operand.
      * If the lifetime is TEMPORARY_VARIABLE, MODEL_INPUT, MODEL_OUTPUT, or NO_VALUE:
-     * - All the fields will be 0.
+     * - All the fields must be 0.
      * If the lifetime is CONSTANT_COPY:
      * - location.poolIndex is 0.
      * - location.offset is the offset in bytes into Model.operandValues.
@@ -1216,7 +1496,7 @@
      * Updated dimension information.
      *
      * If dimensions.size() > 0, dimension information was provided along with the
-     * argument.  This can be the case for models that accept inputs of varying size.
+     * argument. This can be the case for models that accept inputs of varying size.
      * This can't change the rank, just the value of the dimensions that were
      * unspecified in the model.
      */
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/OWNERS b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/OWNERS
index 59e7c28..87e322b 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # Neuralnetworks team
 butlermichael@google.com
 dgross@google.com
-ijsung@google.com
 jeanluc@google.com
 miaowang@google.com
-yangni@google.com
+mikie@google.com
+pszczepaniak@google.com
 
 # VTS team
 yim@google.com
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Callbacks.h b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Callbacks.h
index 2ac6130..570a4fb 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Callbacks.h
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Callbacks.h
@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@
  * "notify". This "notify" call awakens any client threads waiting on the
  * callback object.
  *
- * callback object. When the asynchronous task has finished its workload or has
- * failed to launch, it must immediately call "notify", awakening any client
- * threads waiting on the callback object.
- *
  * The CallbackBase class implements some of the base synchronization common to
  * both PrepareModelCallback and ExecutionCallback. For consistency, any HIDL
  * callback class must inherit from CallbackBase as well as the HIDL callback
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
index 4f9d528..ed1fb94 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
@@ -242,8 +242,8 @@
     // launch prepare model
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
-    Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
-        device->prepareModel_1_1(model, preparedModelCallback);
+    Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus = device->prepareModel_1_1(
+        model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus));
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/Android.bp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/Android.bp
index 81bcef3..24d8396 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/Android.bp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     ],
     types: [
         "Capabilities",
+        "ExecutionPreference",
         "Model",
         "Operation",
         "OperationType",
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/IDevice.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.1/IDevice.hal
index ca22555..1335bde 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/IDevice.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/IDevice.hal
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     /**
      * Gets the supported operations in a model.
      *
-     * getSupportedSubgraph indicates which operations of a model are fully
+     * getSupportedOperations indicates which operations of a model are fully
      * supported by the vendor driver. If an operation may not be supported for
      * any reason, getSupportedOperations must return false for that operation.
      *
@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@
      * Multiple threads can call prepareModel on the same model concurrently.
      *
      * @param model The model to be prepared for execution.
+     * @param preference Indicates the intended execution behavior of a prepared
+     *                   model.
      * @param callback A callback object used to return the error status of
      *                 preparing the model for execution and the prepared model
      *                 if successful, nullptr otherwise. The callback object's
@@ -115,6 +117,7 @@
      *                - INVALID_ARGUMENT if one of the input arguments is
      *                  invalid
      */
-    prepareModel_1_1(Model model, IPreparedModelCallback callback)
+    prepareModel_1_1(Model model, ExecutionPreference preference,
+                     IPreparedModelCallback callback)
           generates (ErrorStatus status);
 };
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/types.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.1/types.hal
index 1d470d6..8290fbb 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/types.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/types.hal
@@ -27,25 +27,24 @@
  */
 enum OperationType : @1.0::OperationType {
     /**
-     * BatchToSpace for N-D tensors.
+     * BatchToSpace for N-dimensional tensors.
      *
-     * This operation reshapes the "batch" dimension 0 into M + 1 dimensions of shape
+     * This operation reshapes the batch dimension (dimension 0) into M + 1 dimensions of shape
      * block_shape + [batch], interleaves these blocks back into the grid defined by the
      * spatial dimensions [1, ..., M], to obtain a result with the same rank as the input.
-     * The spatial dimensions of this intermediate result are then optionally cropped
-     * according to the amount to crop to produce the output.
+     *
      * This is the reverse of SpaceToBatch.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
-     * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
+     * Supported tensor rank: 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the input.
+     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped
      * 1: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the block sizes for each spatial dimension of the
      *    input tensor. All values must be >= 1.
-     * 2: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the amount to crop for each spatial diemension of the
-     *    input tensor. All values must be >= 0.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * 0: A tensor of the same type as input0.
@@ -53,9 +52,9 @@
     BATCH_TO_SPACE_ND = 29,
 
     /**
-     * Divides the second tensor from the first tensor, element-wise.
+     * Element-wise division of two tensors.
      *
-     * Takes two input tensors of identical OperandType and compatible dimensions. The output
+     * Takes two input tensors of identical type and compatible dimensions. The output
      * is the result of dividing the first input tensor by the second, optionally
      * modified by an activation function.
      *
@@ -71,7 +70,9 @@
      *     input2.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 1}
      *     output.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 2}
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
@@ -88,15 +89,17 @@
     /**
      * Computes the mean of elements across dimensions of a tensor.
      *
-     * Reduces input tensor along the dimensions given in axis. Unless keep_dims is true,
-     * the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each entry in axis. If keep_dims is
-     * true, the reduced dimensions are retained with length 1.
+     * Reduces the input tensor along the given dimensions to reduce. Unless keep_dims
+     * is true, the rank of the tensor is reduced by 1 for each entry in axis.
+     * If keep_dims is true, the reduced dimensions are retained with length 1.
      *
-     * If axis has no entries, all dimensions are reduced, and a tensor with a single
-     * element is returned.
+     * If dimensions to reduce have no entries, all dimensions are reduced, and a tensor with
+     * a single element is returned.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
@@ -115,14 +118,18 @@
      *
      * This operation pads a tensor according to the specified paddings.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the input.
-     * 1: A 2-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32. The paddings, before and after for each spatial dimension
-     *    of the input tensor.
+     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be padded.
+     * 1: A 2-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the paddings for each spatial dimension of the
+     *    input tensor. The shape of the tensor must be {rank(input0), 2}.
+     *    padding[i, 0] specifies the number of element to be padded in the front of dimension i.
+     *    padding[i, 1] specifies the number of element to be padded after the end of dimension i.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * 0: A tensor of the same type as input0.
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@
     PAD = 32,
 
     /**
-     * SpaceToBatch for N-D tensors.
+     * SpaceToBatch for N-Dimensional tensors.
      *
      * This operation divides "spatial" dimensions [1, ..., M] of the input into a grid of blocks
      * of shape block_shape, and interleaves these blocks with the "batch" dimension (0) such that
@@ -139,16 +146,20 @@
      * batch position. Prior to division into blocks, the spatial dimensions of the input are
      * optionally zero padded according to paddings.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
-     * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
+     * Supported tensor rank: 4
      *
      * Inputs:
      * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the input.
      * 1: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the block sizes for each spatial dimension of the
      *    input tensor. All values must be >= 1.
      * 2: A 2-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the paddings for each spatial diemension of the
-     *    input tensor. All values must be >= 0.
+     *    input tensor. All values must be >= 0. The shape of the tensor must be {rank(input0), 2}.
+     *    padding[i, 0] specifies the number of element to be padded in the front of dimension i.
+     *    padding[i, 1] specifies the number of element to be padded after the end of dimension i.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * 0: A tensor of the same type as input0.
@@ -160,17 +171,20 @@
      *
      * Given a tensor input, this operation returns a tensor of the same type with all
      * dimensions of size 1 removed. If you don't want to remove all size 1 dimensions,
-     * you can remove specific size 1 dimensions by specifying axis.
+     * you can remove specific size 1 dimensions by specifying the axes (input1).
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the input.
-     * 1: An 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32. The dimensions to squeeze. If None (the default),
-     *    squeezes all dimensions. If specified, only squeezes the dimensions listed. The dimension
-     *    index starts at 0. It is an error to squeeze a dimension that is not 1.
+     * 0: An n-D tensor, the tensor to be squeezed.
+     * 1: An optional 1-D tensor of type TENSOR_INT32. The dimensions to squeeze. If specified
+     *    only squeezes the dimensions listed. Otherwise, squeezes all dimensions.
+     *    The dimension index starts at 0. An error must be reported if squeezing a dimension that
+     *    is not 1.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * 0: A tensor of the same type as input0. Contains the same data as input, but has one or more
@@ -181,23 +195,25 @@
     /**
      * Extracts a strided slice of a tensor.
      *
-     * This op extracts a slice of size (end-begin)/stride from the given input tensor.
-    *  Starting at the location specified by begin the slice continues by adding
+     * Roughly speaking, this op extracts a slice of size (end - begin) / stride from the given
+     * input tensor. Starting at the location specified by begin the slice continues by adding
      * stride to the index until all dimensions are not less than end. Note that a stride can
      * be negative, which causes a reverse slice.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the input.
+     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be sliced.
      * 1: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the starts of the dimensions of the input
-     *    tensor to be sliced.
+     *    tensor to be sliced. The length must be of rank(input0).
      * 2: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the ends of the dimensions of the input
-     *    tensor to be sliced.
+     *    tensor to be sliced. The length must be of rank(input0).
      * 3: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the strides of the dimensions of the input
-     *    tensor to be sliced.
+     *    tensor to be sliced. The length must be of rank(input0).
      *
      * Outputs:
      * 0: A tensor of the same type as input0.
@@ -205,7 +221,7 @@
     STRIDED_SLICE = 35,
 
     /**
-     * Subtracts the second tensor from the first tensor, element-wise.
+     * Element-wise subtraction of two tensors.
      *
      * Takes two input tensors of identical type and compatible dimensions. The output
      * is the result of subtracting the second input tensor from the first one, optionally
@@ -223,7 +239,9 @@
      *     input2.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 1}
      *     output.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 2}
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
@@ -240,18 +258,20 @@
     /**
      * Transposes the input tensor, permuting the dimensions according to the perm tensor.
      *
-     * The returned tensor's dimension i must correspond to the input dimension perm[i].
+     * The returned tensor's dimension i corresponds to the input dimension perm[i].
      * If perm is not given, it is set to (n-1...0), where n is the rank of the input tensor.
      * Hence by default, this operation performs a regular matrix transpose on 2-D input Tensors.
      *
-     * Supported tensor types: {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
-     *                         {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     * Supported tensor types:
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the input.
-     * 1: A 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the permutation of the dimensions of the input
-     *    tensor.
+     * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be transposed.
+     * 1: An optional 1-D Tensor of type TENSOR_INT32, the permutation of the dimensions of the
+     *    input tensor.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * 0: A tensor of the same type as input0.
@@ -362,3 +382,24 @@
      */
     bool relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16;
 };
+
+/**
+ * Execution preferences.
+ */
+enum ExecutionPreference : int32_t {
+    /**
+     * Prefer executing in a way that minimizes battery drain.
+     * This is desirable for compilations that will be executed often.
+     */
+    LOW_POWER = 0,
+    /**
+     * Prefer returning a single answer as fast as possible, even if this causes
+     * more power consumption.
+     */
+    FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER = 1,
+    /**
+     * Prefer maximizing the throughput of successive frames, for example when
+     * processing successive frames coming from the camera.
+     */
+    SUSTAINED_SPEED = 2,
+};
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/OWNERS
index 7f75ab3..87e322b 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 dgross@google.com
 jeanluc@google.com
 miaowang@google.com
-yangni@google.com
+mikie@google.com
+pszczepaniak@google.com
 
 # VTS team
 yim@google.com
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Models.h b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Models.h
index c3cadb5..7fb2696 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Models.h
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Models.h
@@ -33,275 +33,329 @@
 
 using MixedTypedExample = generated_tests::MixedTypedExampleType;
 
-#define FOR_EACH_TEST_MODEL(FN)                                \
-    FN(add)                                                    \
-    FN(add_broadcast_quant8)                                   \
-    FN(add_quant8)                                             \
-    FN(add_relaxed)                                            \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_1)                                       \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_1_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_2)                                       \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_2_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_3)                                       \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_3_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_4)                                       \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_4_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(avg_pool_float_5)                                       \
-    FN(avg_pool_quant8_1)                                      \
-    FN(avg_pool_quant8_2)                                      \
-    FN(avg_pool_quant8_3)                                      \
-    FN(avg_pool_quant8_4)                                      \
-    FN(avg_pool_quant8_5)                                      \
-    FN(batch_to_space)                                         \
-    FN(batch_to_space_float_1)                                 \
-    FN(batch_to_space_quant8_1)                                \
-    FN(concat_float_1)                                         \
-    FN(concat_float_1_relaxed)                                 \
-    FN(concat_float_2)                                         \
-    FN(concat_float_2_relaxed)                                 \
-    FN(concat_float_3)                                         \
-    FN(concat_float_3_relaxed)                                 \
-    FN(concat_quant8_1)                                        \
-    FN(concat_quant8_2)                                        \
-    FN(concat_quant8_3)                                        \
-    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_SAME)                                      \
-    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_SAME_relaxed)                              \
-    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_VALID)                                     \
-    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_VALID_relaxed)                             \
-    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_SAME)                                      \
-    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_SAME_relaxed)                              \
-    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_VALID)                                     \
-    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_VALID_relaxed)                             \
-    FN(conv_float)                                             \
-    FN(conv_float_2)                                           \
-    FN(conv_float_channels)                                    \
-    FN(conv_float_channels_relaxed)                            \
-    FN(conv_float_channels_weights_as_inputs)                  \
-    FN(conv_float_channels_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)          \
-    FN(conv_float_large)                                       \
-    FN(conv_float_large_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(conv_float_large_weights_as_inputs)                     \
-    FN(conv_float_large_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)             \
-    FN(conv_float_relaxed)                                     \
-    FN(conv_float_weights_as_inputs)                           \
-    FN(conv_float_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)                   \
-    FN(conv_quant8)                                            \
-    FN(conv_quant8_2)                                          \
-    FN(conv_quant8_channels)                                   \
-    FN(conv_quant8_channels_weights_as_inputs)                 \
-    FN(conv_quant8_large)                                      \
-    FN(conv_quant8_large_weights_as_inputs)                    \
-    FN(conv_quant8_overflow)                                   \
-    FN(conv_quant8_overflow_weights_as_inputs)                 \
-    FN(conv_quant8_weights_as_inputs)                          \
-    FN(depth_to_space_float_1)                                 \
-    FN(depth_to_space_float_1_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(depth_to_space_float_2)                                 \
-    FN(depth_to_space_float_2_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(depth_to_space_float_3)                                 \
-    FN(depth_to_space_float_3_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(depth_to_space_quant8_1)                                \
-    FN(depth_to_space_quant8_2)                                \
-    FN(depthwise_conv)                                         \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float)                                 \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_2)                               \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large)                           \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_2)                         \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_2_weights_as_inputs)       \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_relaxed)                   \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_weights_as_inputs)         \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_weights_as_inputs_relaxed) \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_weights_as_inputs)               \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8)                                \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_2)                              \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_large)                          \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_large_weights_as_inputs)        \
-    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_weights_as_inputs)              \
-    FN(depthwise_conv_relaxed)                                 \
-    FN(dequantize)                                             \
-    FN(div)                                                    \
-    FN(embedding_lookup)                                       \
-    FN(embedding_lookup_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(floor)                                                  \
-    FN(floor_relaxed)                                          \
-    FN(fully_connected_float)                                  \
-    FN(fully_connected_float_2)                                \
-    FN(fully_connected_float_large)                            \
-    FN(fully_connected_float_large_weights_as_inputs)          \
-    FN(fully_connected_float_relaxed)                          \
-    FN(fully_connected_float_weights_as_inputs)                \
-    FN(fully_connected_float_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)        \
-    FN(fully_connected_quant8)                                 \
-    FN(fully_connected_quant8_2)                               \
-    FN(fully_connected_quant8_large)                           \
-    FN(fully_connected_quant8_large_weights_as_inputs)         \
-    FN(fully_connected_quant8_weights_as_inputs)               \
-    FN(hashtable_lookup_float)                                 \
-    FN(hashtable_lookup_float_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(hashtable_lookup_quant8)                                \
-    FN(l2_normalization)                                       \
-    FN(l2_normalization_2)                                     \
-    FN(l2_normalization_large)                                 \
-    FN(l2_normalization_large_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(l2_normalization_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(l2_pool_float)                                          \
-    FN(l2_pool_float_2)                                        \
-    FN(l2_pool_float_large)                                    \
-    FN(l2_pool_float_relaxed)                                  \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_1)                            \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_1_relaxed)                    \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_2)                            \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_2_relaxed)                    \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_3)                            \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_3_relaxed)                    \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_4)                            \
-    FN(local_response_norm_float_4_relaxed)                    \
-    FN(logistic_float_1)                                       \
-    FN(logistic_float_1_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(logistic_float_2)                                       \
-    FN(logistic_float_2_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(logistic_quant8_1)                                      \
-    FN(logistic_quant8_2)                                      \
-    FN(lsh_projection)                                         \
-    FN(lsh_projection_2)                                       \
-    FN(lsh_projection_2_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(lsh_projection_relaxed)                                 \
-    FN(lsh_projection_weights_as_inputs)                       \
-    FN(lsh_projection_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)               \
-    FN(lstm)                                                   \
-    FN(lstm2)                                                  \
-    FN(lstm2_relaxed)                                          \
-    FN(lstm2_state)                                            \
-    FN(lstm2_state2)                                           \
-    FN(lstm2_state2_relaxed)                                   \
-    FN(lstm2_state_relaxed)                                    \
-    FN(lstm3)                                                  \
-    FN(lstm3_relaxed)                                          \
-    FN(lstm3_state)                                            \
-    FN(lstm3_state2)                                           \
-    FN(lstm3_state2_relaxed)                                   \
-    FN(lstm3_state3)                                           \
-    FN(lstm3_state3_relaxed)                                   \
-    FN(lstm3_state_relaxed)                                    \
-    FN(lstm_relaxed)                                           \
-    FN(lstm_state)                                             \
-    FN(lstm_state2)                                            \
-    FN(lstm_state2_relaxed)                                    \
-    FN(lstm_state_relaxed)                                     \
-    FN(max_pool_float_1)                                       \
-    FN(max_pool_float_1_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(max_pool_float_2)                                       \
-    FN(max_pool_float_2_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(max_pool_float_3)                                       \
-    FN(max_pool_float_3_relaxed)                               \
-    FN(max_pool_float_4)                                       \
-    FN(max_pool_quant8_1)                                      \
-    FN(max_pool_quant8_2)                                      \
-    FN(max_pool_quant8_3)                                      \
-    FN(max_pool_quant8_4)                                      \
-    FN(mean)                                                   \
-    FN(mean_float_1)                                           \
-    FN(mean_float_2)                                           \
-    FN(mean_quant8_1)                                          \
-    FN(mean_quant8_2)                                          \
-    FN(mobilenet_224_gender_basic_fixed)                       \
-    FN(mobilenet_224_gender_basic_fixed_relaxed)               \
-    FN(mobilenet_quantized)                                    \
-    FN(mul)                                                    \
-    FN(mul_broadcast_quant8)                                   \
-    FN(mul_quant8)                                             \
-    FN(mul_relaxed)                                            \
-    FN(mul_relu)                                               \
-    FN(mul_relu_relaxed)                                       \
-    FN(pad)                                                    \
-    FN(pad_float_1)                                            \
-    FN(relu1_float_1)                                          \
-    FN(relu1_float_1_relaxed)                                  \
-    FN(relu1_float_2)                                          \
-    FN(relu1_float_2_relaxed)                                  \
-    FN(relu1_quant8_1)                                         \
-    FN(relu1_quant8_2)                                         \
-    FN(relu6_float_1)                                          \
-    FN(relu6_float_1_relaxed)                                  \
-    FN(relu6_float_2)                                          \
-    FN(relu6_float_2_relaxed)                                  \
-    FN(relu6_quant8_1)                                         \
-    FN(relu6_quant8_2)                                         \
-    FN(relu_float_1)                                           \
-    FN(relu_float_1_relaxed)                                   \
-    FN(relu_float_2)                                           \
-    FN(relu_quant8_1)                                          \
-    FN(relu_quant8_2)                                          \
-    FN(reshape)                                                \
-    FN(reshape_quant8)                                         \
-    FN(reshape_quant8_weights_as_inputs)                       \
-    FN(reshape_relaxed)                                        \
-    FN(reshape_weights_as_inputs)                              \
-    FN(reshape_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)                      \
-    FN(resize_bilinear)                                        \
-    FN(resize_bilinear_2)                                      \
-    FN(resize_bilinear_relaxed)                                \
-    FN(rnn)                                                    \
-    FN(rnn_relaxed)                                            \
-    FN(rnn_state)                                              \
-    FN(rnn_state_relaxed)                                      \
-    FN(softmax_float_1)                                        \
-    FN(softmax_float_1_relaxed)                                \
-    FN(softmax_float_2)                                        \
-    FN(softmax_float_2_relaxed)                                \
-    FN(softmax_quant8_1)                                       \
-    FN(softmax_quant8_2)                                       \
-    FN(space_to_batch)                                         \
-    FN(space_to_batch_float_1)                                 \
-    FN(space_to_batch_float_2)                                 \
-    FN(space_to_batch_float_3)                                 \
-    FN(space_to_batch_quant8_1)                                \
-    FN(space_to_batch_quant8_2)                                \
-    FN(space_to_batch_quant8_3)                                \
-    FN(space_to_depth_float_1)                                 \
-    FN(space_to_depth_float_1_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(space_to_depth_float_2)                                 \
-    FN(space_to_depth_float_2_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(space_to_depth_float_3)                                 \
-    FN(space_to_depth_float_3_relaxed)                         \
-    FN(space_to_depth_quant8_1)                                \
-    FN(space_to_depth_quant8_2)                                \
-    FN(squeeze)                                                \
-    FN(squeeze_float_1)                                        \
-    FN(squeeze_quant8_1)                                       \
-    FN(strided_slice)                                          \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_1)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_10)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_2)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_3)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_4)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_5)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_6)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_7)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_8)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_float_9)                                  \
-    FN(strided_slice_qaunt8_10)                                \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_1)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_2)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_3)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_4)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_5)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_6)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_7)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_8)                                 \
-    FN(strided_slice_quant8_9)                                 \
-    FN(sub)                                                    \
-    FN(svdf)                                                   \
-    FN(svdf2)                                                  \
-    FN(svdf2_relaxed)                                          \
-    FN(svdf_relaxed)                                           \
-    FN(svdf_state)                                             \
-    FN(svdf_state_relaxed)                                     \
-    FN(tanh)                                                   \
-    FN(tanh_relaxed)                                           \
-    FN(transpose)                                              \
-    FN(transpose_float_1)                                      \
-    FN(transpose_quant8_1)
+#define FOR_EACH_TEST_MODEL(FN)                                  \
+    FN(add)                                                      \
+    FN(add_broadcast_quant8)                                     \
+    FN(add_quant8)                                               \
+    FN(add_relaxed)                                              \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_1)                                         \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_1_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_2)                                         \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_2_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_3)                                         \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_3_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_4)                                         \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_4_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_5)                                         \
+    FN(avg_pool_float_5_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(avg_pool_quant8_1)                                        \
+    FN(avg_pool_quant8_2)                                        \
+    FN(avg_pool_quant8_3)                                        \
+    FN(avg_pool_quant8_4)                                        \
+    FN(avg_pool_quant8_5)                                        \
+    FN(batch_to_space)                                           \
+    FN(batch_to_space_float_1)                                   \
+    FN(batch_to_space_float_1_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(batch_to_space_quant8_1)                                  \
+    FN(batch_to_space_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(concat_float_1)                                           \
+    FN(concat_float_1_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(concat_float_2)                                           \
+    FN(concat_float_2_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(concat_float_3)                                           \
+    FN(concat_float_3_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(concat_quant8_1)                                          \
+    FN(concat_quant8_2)                                          \
+    FN(concat_quant8_3)                                          \
+    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_SAME)                                        \
+    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_SAME_relaxed)                                \
+    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_VALID)                                       \
+    FN(conv_1_h3_w2_VALID_relaxed)                               \
+    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_SAME)                                        \
+    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_SAME_relaxed)                                \
+    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_VALID)                                       \
+    FN(conv_3_h3_w2_VALID_relaxed)                               \
+    FN(conv_float)                                               \
+    FN(conv_float_2)                                             \
+    FN(conv_float_2_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(conv_float_channels)                                      \
+    FN(conv_float_channels_relaxed)                              \
+    FN(conv_float_channels_weights_as_inputs)                    \
+    FN(conv_float_channels_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)            \
+    FN(conv_float_large)                                         \
+    FN(conv_float_large_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(conv_float_large_weights_as_inputs)                       \
+    FN(conv_float_large_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)               \
+    FN(conv_float_relaxed)                                       \
+    FN(conv_float_weights_as_inputs)                             \
+    FN(conv_float_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)                     \
+    FN(conv_quant8)                                              \
+    FN(conv_quant8_2)                                            \
+    FN(conv_quant8_channels)                                     \
+    FN(conv_quant8_channels_weights_as_inputs)                   \
+    FN(conv_quant8_large)                                        \
+    FN(conv_quant8_large_weights_as_inputs)                      \
+    FN(conv_quant8_overflow)                                     \
+    FN(conv_quant8_overflow_weights_as_inputs)                   \
+    FN(conv_quant8_weights_as_inputs)                            \
+    FN(depth_to_space_float_1)                                   \
+    FN(depth_to_space_float_1_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(depth_to_space_float_2)                                   \
+    FN(depth_to_space_float_2_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(depth_to_space_float_3)                                   \
+    FN(depth_to_space_float_3_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(depth_to_space_quant8_1)                                  \
+    FN(depth_to_space_quant8_2)                                  \
+    FN(depthwise_conv)                                           \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float)                                   \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_2)                                 \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_2_relaxed)                         \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large)                             \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_2)                           \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_2_relaxed)                   \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_2_weights_as_inputs)         \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_2_weights_as_inputs_relaxed) \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_relaxed)                     \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_weights_as_inputs)           \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_large_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)   \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_weights_as_inputs)                 \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_float_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)         \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8)                                  \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_2)                                \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_large)                            \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_large_weights_as_inputs)          \
+    FN(depthwise_conv2d_quant8_weights_as_inputs)                \
+    FN(depthwise_conv_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(dequantize)                                               \
+    FN(dequantize_relaxed)                                       \
+    FN(div)                                                      \
+    FN(div_broadcast_float)                                      \
+    FN(div_broadcast_float_relaxed)                              \
+    FN(div_relaxed)                                              \
+    FN(embedding_lookup)                                         \
+    FN(embedding_lookup_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(floor)                                                    \
+    FN(floor_relaxed)                                            \
+    FN(fully_connected_float)                                    \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_2)                                  \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_2_relaxed)                          \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_4d_simple)                          \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_4d_simple_relaxed)                  \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_large)                              \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_large_relaxed)                      \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_large_weights_as_inputs)            \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_large_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)    \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_weights_as_inputs)                  \
+    FN(fully_connected_float_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)          \
+    FN(fully_connected_quant8)                                   \
+    FN(fully_connected_quant8_2)                                 \
+    FN(fully_connected_quant8_large)                             \
+    FN(fully_connected_quant8_large_weights_as_inputs)           \
+    FN(fully_connected_quant8_weights_as_inputs)                 \
+    FN(hashtable_lookup_float)                                   \
+    FN(hashtable_lookup_float_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(hashtable_lookup_quant8)                                  \
+    FN(l2_normalization)                                         \
+    FN(l2_normalization_2)                                       \
+    FN(l2_normalization_2_relaxed)                               \
+    FN(l2_normalization_large)                                   \
+    FN(l2_normalization_large_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(l2_normalization_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(l2_pool_float)                                            \
+    FN(l2_pool_float_2)                                          \
+    FN(l2_pool_float_2_relaxed)                                  \
+    FN(l2_pool_float_large)                                      \
+    FN(l2_pool_float_large_relaxed)                              \
+    FN(l2_pool_float_relaxed)                                    \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_1)                              \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_1_relaxed)                      \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_2)                              \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_2_relaxed)                      \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_3)                              \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_3_relaxed)                      \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_4)                              \
+    FN(local_response_norm_float_4_relaxed)                      \
+    FN(logistic_float_1)                                         \
+    FN(logistic_float_1_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(logistic_float_2)                                         \
+    FN(logistic_float_2_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(logistic_quant8_1)                                        \
+    FN(logistic_quant8_2)                                        \
+    FN(lsh_projection)                                           \
+    FN(lsh_projection_2)                                         \
+    FN(lsh_projection_2_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(lsh_projection_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(lsh_projection_weights_as_inputs)                         \
+    FN(lsh_projection_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)                 \
+    FN(lstm)                                                     \
+    FN(lstm2)                                                    \
+    FN(lstm2_relaxed)                                            \
+    FN(lstm2_state)                                              \
+    FN(lstm2_state2)                                             \
+    FN(lstm2_state2_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(lstm2_state_relaxed)                                      \
+    FN(lstm3)                                                    \
+    FN(lstm3_relaxed)                                            \
+    FN(lstm3_state)                                              \
+    FN(lstm3_state2)                                             \
+    FN(lstm3_state2_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(lstm3_state3)                                             \
+    FN(lstm3_state3_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(lstm3_state_relaxed)                                      \
+    FN(lstm_relaxed)                                             \
+    FN(lstm_state)                                               \
+    FN(lstm_state2)                                              \
+    FN(lstm_state2_relaxed)                                      \
+    FN(lstm_state_relaxed)                                       \
+    FN(max_pool_float_1)                                         \
+    FN(max_pool_float_1_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(max_pool_float_2)                                         \
+    FN(max_pool_float_2_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(max_pool_float_3)                                         \
+    FN(max_pool_float_3_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(max_pool_float_4)                                         \
+    FN(max_pool_float_4_relaxed)                                 \
+    FN(max_pool_quant8_1)                                        \
+    FN(max_pool_quant8_2)                                        \
+    FN(max_pool_quant8_3)                                        \
+    FN(max_pool_quant8_4)                                        \
+    FN(mean)                                                     \
+    FN(mean_float_1)                                             \
+    FN(mean_float_1_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(mean_float_2)                                             \
+    FN(mean_float_2_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(mean_quant8_1)                                            \
+    FN(mean_quant8_2)                                            \
+    FN(mean_relaxed)                                             \
+    FN(mobilenet_224_gender_basic_fixed)                         \
+    FN(mobilenet_224_gender_basic_fixed_relaxed)                 \
+    FN(mobilenet_quantized)                                      \
+    FN(mul)                                                      \
+    FN(mul_broadcast_quant8)                                     \
+    FN(mul_quant8)                                               \
+    FN(mul_relaxed)                                              \
+    FN(mul_relu)                                                 \
+    FN(mul_relu_relaxed)                                         \
+    FN(pad)                                                      \
+    FN(pad_float_1)                                              \
+    FN(pad_float_1_relaxed)                                      \
+    FN(pad_relaxed)                                              \
+    FN(relu1_float_1)                                            \
+    FN(relu1_float_1_relaxed)                                    \
+    FN(relu1_float_2)                                            \
+    FN(relu1_float_2_relaxed)                                    \
+    FN(relu1_quant8_1)                                           \
+    FN(relu1_quant8_2)                                           \
+    FN(relu6_float_1)                                            \
+    FN(relu6_float_1_relaxed)                                    \
+    FN(relu6_float_2)                                            \
+    FN(relu6_float_2_relaxed)                                    \
+    FN(relu6_quant8_1)                                           \
+    FN(relu6_quant8_2)                                           \
+    FN(relu_float_1)                                             \
+    FN(relu_float_1_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(relu_float_2)                                             \
+    FN(relu_float_2_relaxed)                                     \
+    FN(relu_quant8_1)                                            \
+    FN(relu_quant8_2)                                            \
+    FN(reshape)                                                  \
+    FN(reshape_quant8)                                           \
+    FN(reshape_quant8_weights_as_inputs)                         \
+    FN(reshape_relaxed)                                          \
+    FN(reshape_weights_as_inputs)                                \
+    FN(reshape_weights_as_inputs_relaxed)                        \
+    FN(resize_bilinear)                                          \
+    FN(resize_bilinear_2)                                        \
+    FN(resize_bilinear_2_relaxed)                                \
+    FN(resize_bilinear_relaxed)                                  \
+    FN(rnn)                                                      \
+    FN(rnn_relaxed)                                              \
+    FN(rnn_state)                                                \
+    FN(rnn_state_relaxed)                                        \
+    FN(softmax_float_1)                                          \
+    FN(softmax_float_1_relaxed)                                  \
+    FN(softmax_float_2)                                          \
+    FN(softmax_float_2_relaxed)                                  \
+    FN(softmax_quant8_1)                                         \
+    FN(softmax_quant8_2)                                         \
+    FN(space_to_batch)                                           \
+    FN(space_to_batch_float_1)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_batch_float_1_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(space_to_batch_float_2)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_batch_float_2_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(space_to_batch_float_3)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_batch_float_3_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(space_to_batch_quant8_1)                                  \
+    FN(space_to_batch_quant8_2)                                  \
+    FN(space_to_batch_quant8_3)                                  \
+    FN(space_to_batch_relaxed)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_depth_float_1)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_depth_float_1_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(space_to_depth_float_2)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_depth_float_2_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(space_to_depth_float_3)                                   \
+    FN(space_to_depth_float_3_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(space_to_depth_quant8_1)                                  \
+    FN(space_to_depth_quant8_2)                                  \
+    FN(squeeze)                                                  \
+    FN(squeeze_float_1)                                          \
+    FN(squeeze_float_1_relaxed)                                  \
+    FN(squeeze_quant8_1)                                         \
+    FN(squeeze_relaxed)                                          \
+    FN(strided_slice)                                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_1)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_10)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_10_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_11)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_11_relaxed)                           \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_1_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_2)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_2_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_3)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_3_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_4)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_4_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_5)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_5_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_6)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_6_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_7)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_7_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_8)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_8_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_9)                                    \
+    FN(strided_slice_float_9_relaxed)                            \
+    FN(strided_slice_qaunt8_10)                                  \
+    FN(strided_slice_qaunt8_11)                                  \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_1)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_2)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_3)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_4)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_5)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_6)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_7)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_8)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_quant8_9)                                   \
+    FN(strided_slice_relaxed)                                    \
+    FN(sub)                                                      \
+    FN(sub_broadcast_float)                                      \
+    FN(sub_broadcast_float_relaxed)                              \
+    FN(sub_relaxed)                                              \
+    FN(svdf)                                                     \
+    FN(svdf2)                                                    \
+    FN(svdf2_relaxed)                                            \
+    FN(svdf_relaxed)                                             \
+    FN(svdf_state)                                               \
+    FN(svdf_state_relaxed)                                       \
+    FN(tanh)                                                     \
+    FN(tanh_relaxed)                                             \
+    FN(transpose)                                                \
+    FN(transpose_float_1)                                        \
+    FN(transpose_float_1_relaxed)                                \
+    FN(transpose_quant8_1)                                       \
+    FN(transpose_relaxed)
 
 #define FORWARD_DECLARE_GENERATED_OBJECTS(function) \
     namespace function {                            \
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index 7a20e26..3aa55f8 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -50,13 +50,13 @@
 }
 
 static void validatePrepareModel(const sp<IDevice>& device, const std::string& message,
-                                 const V1_1::Model& model) {
+                                 const V1_1::Model& model, ExecutionPreference preference) {
     SCOPED_TRACE(message + " [prepareModel_1_1]");
 
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
-        device->prepareModel_1_1(model, preparedModelCallback);
+        device->prepareModel_1_1(model, preference, preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus));
 
@@ -67,15 +67,24 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, preparedModel.get());
 }
 
+static bool validExecutionPreference(ExecutionPreference preference) {
+    return preference == ExecutionPreference::LOW_POWER ||
+           preference == ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER ||
+           preference == ExecutionPreference::SUSTAINED_SPEED;
+}
+
 // Primary validation function. This function will take a valid model, apply a
 // mutation to it to invalidate the model, then pass it to interface calls that
 // use the model. Note that the model here is passed by value, and any mutation
 // to the model does not leave this function.
 static void validate(const sp<IDevice>& device, const std::string& message, V1_1::Model model,
-                     const std::function<void(Model*)>& mutation) {
+                     const std::function<void(Model*)>& mutation,
+                     ExecutionPreference preference = ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER) {
     mutation(&model);
-    validateGetSupportedOperations(device, message, model);
-    validatePrepareModel(device, message, model);
+    if (validExecutionPreference(preference)) {
+        validateGetSupportedOperations(device, message, model);
+    }
+    validatePrepareModel(device, message, model, preference);
 }
 
 // Delete element from hidl_vec. hidl_vec doesn't support a "remove" operation,
@@ -486,6 +495,22 @@
     }
 }
 
+///////////////////////// VALIDATE EXECUTION PREFERENCE /////////////////////////
+
+static const int32_t invalidExecutionPreferences[] = {
+    static_cast<int32_t>(ExecutionPreference::LOW_POWER) - 1,        // lower bound
+    static_cast<int32_t>(ExecutionPreference::SUSTAINED_SPEED) + 1,  // upper bound
+};
+
+static void mutateExecutionPreferenceTest(const sp<IDevice>& device, const V1_1::Model& model) {
+    for (int32_t preference : invalidExecutionPreferences) {
+        const std::string message =
+            "mutateExecutionPreferenceTest: preference " + std::to_string(preference);
+        validate(device, message, model, [](Model*) {},
+                 static_cast<ExecutionPreference>(preference));
+    }
+}
+
 ////////////////////////// ENTRY POINT //////////////////////////////
 
 void ValidationTest::validateModel(const V1_1::Model& model) {
@@ -503,6 +528,7 @@
     removeOperationOutputTest(device, model);
     addOperationInputTest(device, model);
     addOperationOutputTest(device, model);
+    mutateExecutionPreferenceTest(device, model);
 }
 
 }  // namespace functional
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
index bd96614..b42f561 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@
     // launch prepare model
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
-    Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
-        device->prepareModel_1_1(model, preparedModelCallback);
+    Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus = device->prepareModel_1_1(
+        model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus));
 
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp
index 8c4ccf6..2c1eb60 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_cell_broadcast.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setGsmBroadcastConfig() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setGsmBroadcastConfig) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo #1
     GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo gbSmsConfig1;
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getGsmBroadcastConfig() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getGsmBroadcastConfig) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getGsmBroadcastConfig(serial);
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCdmaBroadcastConfig() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCdmaBroadcastConfig) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo cbSmsConfig;
     cbSmsConfig.serviceCategory = 4096;
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCdmaBroadcastConfig() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCdmaBroadcastConfig) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCdmaBroadcastConfig(serial);
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCdmaBroadcastActivation() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCdmaBroadcastActivation) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool activate = false;
 
     radio->setCdmaBroadcastActivation(serial, activate);
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setGsmBroadcastActivation() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setGsmBroadcastActivation) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool activate = false;
 
     radio->setGsmBroadcastActivation(serial, activate);
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp
index 9496688..4f10f11 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_data.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getDataRegistrationState() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getDataRegistrationState) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getDataRegistrationState(serial);
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setupDataCall() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setupDataCall) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioTechnology radioTechnology = RadioTechnology::LTE;
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     radio->setupDataCall(serial, radioTechnology, dataProfileInfo, modemCognitive, roamingAllowed,
                          isRoaming);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(300));
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.deactivateDataCall() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, deactivateDataCall) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int cid = 1;
     bool reasonRadioShutDown = false;
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getDataCallList() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getDataCallList) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getDataCallList(serial);
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setInitialAttachApn() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setInitialAttachApn) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     DataProfileInfo dataProfileInfo;
     memset(&dataProfileInfo, 0, sizeof(dataProfileInfo));
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setDataAllowed() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setDataAllowed) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool allow = true;
 
     radio->setDataAllowed(serial, allow);
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setDataProfile() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setDataProfile) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a dataProfileInfo
     DataProfileInfo dataProfileInfo;
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp
index 566a516..b764b13 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_icc.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.supplyIccPinForApp() for the response returned
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPinForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
     // 3GPP2 apps only
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.supplyIccPukForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPukForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
     // 3GPP2 apps only
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.supplyIccPin2ForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPin2ForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
     // 3GPP2 apps only
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.supplyIccPuk2ForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyIccPuk2ForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
     // 3GPP2 apps only
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.changeIccPinForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, changeIccPinForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
     // 3GPP2 apps only
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.changeIccPin2ForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, changeIccPin2ForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong password and check PASSWORD_INCORRECT returned for 3GPP and
     // 3GPP2 apps only
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getImsiForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getImsiForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Check success returned while getting imsi for 3GPP and 3GPP2 apps only
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.iccIOForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccIOForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
         IccIo iccIo;
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.iccTransmitApduBasicChannel() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccTransmitApduBasicChannel) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SimApdu msg;
     memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
     msg.data = hidl_string();
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.iccOpenLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccOpenLogicalChannel) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int p2 = 0x04;
     // Specified in ISO 7816-4 clause 7.1.1 0x04 means that FCP template is requested.
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.iccCloseLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccCloseLogicalChannel) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     // Try closing invalid channel and check INVALID_ARGUMENTS returned as error
     radio->iccCloseLogicalChannel(serial, 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SimApdu msg;
     memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(msg));
     msg.data = hidl_string();
@@ -284,17 +284,18 @@
  * Test IRadio.requestIccSimAuthentication() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, requestIccSimAuthentication) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Pass wrong challenge string and check RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS
-    // returned as error.
+    // or REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED returned as error.
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)cardStatus.applications.size(); i++) {
         radio->requestIccSimAuthentication(serial, 0, hidl_string("test"),
                                            cardStatus.applications[i].aidPtr);
         EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
         EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
         EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
-        EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
+                                                               RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 }
 
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.supplyNetworkDepersonalization() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, supplyNetworkDepersonalization) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->supplyNetworkDepersonalization(serial, hidl_string("test"));
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp
index 4574678..4331c06 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_ims.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getClir() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getClir) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getClir(serial);
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setClir() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setClir) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int32_t status = 1;
 
     radio->setClir(serial, status);
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getFacilityLockForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getFacilityLockForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     std::string facility = "";
     std::string password = "";
     int32_t serviceClass = 1;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setFacilityLockForApp() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setFacilityLockForApp) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     std::string facility = "";
     bool lockState = false;
     std::string password = "";
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setBarringPassword() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setBarringPassword) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     std::string facility = "";
     std::string oldPassword = "";
     std::string newPassword = "";
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getClip() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getClip) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getClip(serial);
 
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSuppServiceNotifications() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setSuppServiceNotifications) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool enable = false;
 
     radio->setSuppServiceNotifications(serial, enable);
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.requestIsimAuthentication() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, requestIsimAuthentication) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     std::string challenge = "";
 
     radio->requestIsimAuthentication(serial, challenge);
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getImsRegistrationState() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getImsRegistrationState) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getImsRegistrationState(serial);
 
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp
index cb0a730..bc03cf1 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_misc.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getSignalStrength() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getSignalStrength) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getSignalStrength(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getVoiceRegistrationState() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getVoiceRegistrationState) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getVoiceRegistrationState(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getOperator() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getOperator) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getOperator(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setRadioPower() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setRadioPower) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setRadioPower(serial, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getNetworkSelectionMode() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getNetworkSelectionMode) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getNetworkSelectionMode(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setNetworkSelectionModeAutomatic() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setNetworkSelectionModeAutomatic) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setNetworkSelectionModeAutomatic(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setNetworkSelectionModeManual() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setNetworkSelectionModeManual) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setNetworkSelectionModeManual(serial, "123456");
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getAvailableNetworks() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getAvailableNetworks) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getAvailableNetworks(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(300));
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getBasebandVersion() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getBasebandVersion) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getBasebandVersion(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setBandMode() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setBandMode) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setBandMode(serial, RadioBandMode::BAND_MODE_USA);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getAvailableBandModes() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getAvailableBandModes) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getAvailableBandModes(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setPreferredNetworkType() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setPreferredNetworkType) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setPreferredNetworkType(serial, PreferredNetworkType::GSM_ONLY);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getPreferredNetworkType() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getPreferredNetworkType) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getPreferredNetworkType(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getNeighboringCids() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getNeighboringCids) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getNeighboringCids(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setLocationUpdates() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setLocationUpdates) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setLocationUpdates(serial, true);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCdmaRoamingPreference() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCdmaRoamingPreference) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setCdmaRoamingPreference(serial, CdmaRoamingType::HOME_NETWORK);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCdmaRoamingPreference() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCdmaRoamingPreference) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCdmaRoamingPreference(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getTTYMode() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getTTYMode) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getTTYMode(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setTTYMode() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setTTYMode) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setTTYMode(serial, TtyMode::OFF);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setPreferredVoicePrivacy() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setPreferredVoicePrivacy) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setPreferredVoicePrivacy(serial, true);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getPreferredVoicePrivacy() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getPreferredVoicePrivacy) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getPreferredVoicePrivacy(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCDMASubscription() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCDMASubscription) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCDMASubscription(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getDeviceIdentity() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getDeviceIdentity) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getDeviceIdentity(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.exitEmergencyCallbackMode() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, exitEmergencyCallbackMode) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->exitEmergencyCallbackMode(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCdmaSubscriptionSource() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCdmaSubscriptionSource) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCdmaSubscriptionSource(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCdmaSubscriptionSource() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCdmaSubscriptionSource) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setCdmaSubscriptionSource(serial, CdmaSubscriptionSource::RUIM_SIM);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -469,7 +469,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getVoiceRadioTechnology() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getVoiceRadioTechnology) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getVoiceRadioTechnology(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCellInfoList() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCellInfoList) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCellInfoList(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCellInfoListRate() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCellInfoListRate) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // TODO(sanketpadawe): RIL crashes with value of rate = 10
     radio->setCellInfoListRate(serial, 10);
@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.nvReadItem() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, nvReadItem) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->nvReadItem(serial, NvItem::LTE_BAND_ENABLE_25);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -538,7 +538,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.nvWriteItem() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, nvWriteItem) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     NvWriteItem item;
     memset(&item, 0, sizeof(item));
     item.value = hidl_string();
@@ -558,7 +558,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.nvWriteCdmaPrl() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, nvWriteCdmaPrl) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     std::vector<uint8_t> prl = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
 
     radio->nvWriteCdmaPrl(serial, hidl_vec<uint8_t>(prl));
@@ -576,9 +576,9 @@
  * Test IRadio.nvResetConfig() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, nvResetConfig) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    radio->nvResetConfig(++serial, ResetNvType::ERASE);
+    radio->nvResetConfig(serial, ResetNvType::ERASE);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setUiccSubscription() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setUiccSubscription) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SelectUiccSub item;
     memset(&item, 0, sizeof(item));
 
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getHardwareConfig() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getHardwareConfig) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getHardwareConfig(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.requestShutdown() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, requestShutdown) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->requestShutdown(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getRadioCapability() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getRadioCapability) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getRadioCapability(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -665,7 +665,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setRadioCapability() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setRadioCapability) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     RadioCapability rc;
     memset(&rc, 0, sizeof(rc));
     rc.logicalModemUuid = hidl_string();
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.startLceService() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, startLceService) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->startLceService(serial, 5, true);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.stopLceService() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, stopLceService) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->stopLceService(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -722,7 +722,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.pullLceData() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, pullLceData) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->pullLceData(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -741,7 +741,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getModemActivityInfo() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getModemActivityInfo) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getModemActivityInfo(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -758,7 +758,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setAllowedCarriers() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setAllowedCarriers) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     CarrierRestrictions carriers;
     memset(&carriers, 0, sizeof(carriers));
     carriers.allowedCarriers.resize(1);
@@ -778,12 +778,26 @@
                                      {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
 
+    /* Setting to carrier restriction needs some time */
+    updateSimCardStatus();
+    auto startTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    while (cardStatus.cardState != CardState::RESTRICTED &&
+           std::chrono::duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(std::chrono::system_clock::now() - startTime)
+                   .count() < 10) {
+        /* Set 2 seconds as interval to check card status */
+        sleep(2);
+        updateSimCardStatus();
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::RESTRICTED, cardStatus.cardState);
+    sleep(10);
+
     /* Reset back to no carrier restriction */
     memset(&carriers, 0, sizeof(carriers));
     carriers.allowedCarriers.resize(0);
     carriers.excludedCarriers.resize(0);
 
-    radio->setAllowedCarriers(++serial, true, carriers);
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio->setAllowedCarriers(serial, true, carriers);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
@@ -792,13 +806,26 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
     }
+
+    /* Resetting back to no carrier restriction needs some time */
+    updateSimCardStatus();
+    startTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    while (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::RESTRICTED &&
+           std::chrono::duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(std::chrono::system_clock::now() - startTime)
+                   .count() < 10) {
+        /* Set 2 seconds as interval to check card status */
+        sleep(2);
+        updateSimCardStatus();
+    }
+    EXPECT_NE(CardState::RESTRICTED, cardStatus.cardState);
+    sleep(10);
 }
 
 /*
  * Test IRadio.getAllowedCarriers() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getAllowedCarriers) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getAllowedCarriers(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -815,7 +842,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendDeviceState() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendDeviceState) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->sendDeviceState(serial, DeviceStateType::POWER_SAVE_MODE, true);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -834,7 +861,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setIndicationFilter() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setIndicationFilter) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setIndicationFilter(serial, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -853,7 +880,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSimCardPower() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setSimCardPower) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setSimCardPower(serial, true);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp
index 469f03a..9e41429 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_sms.cpp
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendSms() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendSms) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     GsmSmsMessage msg;
     msg.smscPdu = "";
     msg.pdu = "01000b916105770203f3000006d4f29c3e9b01";
 
     radio->sendSms(serial, msg);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(300));
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendSMSExpectMore() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendSMSExpectMore) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     GsmSmsMessage msg;
     msg.smscPdu = "";
     msg.pdu = "01000b916105770203f3000006d4f29c3e9b01";
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
     // TODO(shuoq): add more test for this API when inserted sim card is
     // considered
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(300));
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSms() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSms) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool success = true;
 
     radio->acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSms(serial, success,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPdu() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPdu) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool success = true;
     std::string ackPdu = "";
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendCdmaSms() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendCdmaSms) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
     CdmaSmsAddress cdmaSmsAddress;
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSms() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSms) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a CdmaSmsAck
     CdmaSmsAck cdmaSmsAck;
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendImsSms() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendImsSms) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
     CdmaSmsAddress cdmaSmsAddress;
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getSmscAddress() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getSmscAddress) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getSmscAddress(serial);
 
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSmscAddress() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setSmscAddress) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     hidl_string address = hidl_string("smscAddress");
 
     radio->setSmscAddress(serial, address);
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.writeSmsToSim() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, writeSmsToSim) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SmsWriteArgs smsWriteArgs;
     smsWriteArgs.status = SmsWriteArgsStatus::REC_UNREAD;
     smsWriteArgs.smsc = "";
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.deleteSmsOnSim() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, deleteSmsOnSim) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int index = 1;
 
     radio->deleteSmsOnSim(serial, index);
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.writeSmsToRuim() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, writeSmsToRuim) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
     CdmaSmsAddress cdmaSmsAddress;
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.deleteSmsOnRuim() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, deleteSmsOnRuim) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int index = 1;
 
     // Create a CdmaSmsAddress
@@ -422,7 +422,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.reportSmsMemoryStatus() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, reportSmsMemoryStatus) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool available = true;
 
     radio->reportSmsMemoryStatus(serial, available);
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp
index 411d74c..a3b5029 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_stk.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendEnvelope() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendEnvelope) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Test with sending empty string
     std::string content = "";
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendTerminalResponseToSim() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendTerminalResponseToSim) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Test with sending empty string
     std::string commandResponse = "";
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSim() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSim) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool accept = false;
 
     radio->handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSim(serial, accept);
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.reportStkServiceIsRunning() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, reportStkServiceIsRunning) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->reportStkServiceIsRunning(serial);
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
  * string.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendEnvelopeWithStatus) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     // Test with sending empty string
     std::string contents = "";
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index d9c00ce..96719d6 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -37,22 +37,21 @@
 
     radio->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp, radioInd);
 
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-    radio->getIccCardStatus(serial);
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    updateSimCardStatus();
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp->rspInfo.serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp->rspInfo.error);
 
-    /* Vts Testing with Sim Absent only. This needs to be removed later in P when sim present
-     * scenarios will be tested. */
-    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::ABSENT, cardStatus.cardState);
+    /* Enforce Vts Testing with Sim Status Present only. */
+    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::PRESENT, cardStatus.cardState);
 }
 
-void RadioHidlTest::notify() {
+void RadioHidlTest::notify(int receivedSerial) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
-    count++;
-    cv.notify_one();
+    if (serial == receivedSerial) {
+        count++;
+        cv.notify_one();
+    }
 }
 
 std::cv_status RadioHidlTest::wait(int sec) {
@@ -69,3 +68,9 @@
     count--;
     return status;
 }
+
+void RadioHidlTest::updateSimCardStatus() {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio->getIccCardStatus(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h
index 15ac0b8..f5ce072 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_0.h
@@ -533,11 +533,17 @@
     std::condition_variable cv;
     int count;
 
+    /* Serial number for radio request */
+    int serial;
+
+    /* Update Sim Card Status */
+    void updateSimCardStatus();
+
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
 
     /* Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callback */
-    void notify();
+    void notify(int receivedSerial);
 
     /* Test code calls this function to wait for response */
     std::cv_status wait(int sec = TIMEOUT_PERIOD);
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp
index d0320b9..1fce470 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_voice.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCurrentCalls() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCurrentCalls) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCurrentCalls(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.dial() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, dial) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Dial dialInfo;
     memset(&dialInfo, 0, sizeof(dialInfo));
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.hangup() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, hangup) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->hangup(serial, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.hangupWaitingOrBackground() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, hangupWaitingOrBackground) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->hangupWaitingOrBackground(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.hangupForegroundResumeBackground() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, hangupForegroundResumeBackground) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->hangupForegroundResumeBackground(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActive() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActive) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActive(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.conference() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, conference) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->conference(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.rejectCall() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, rejectCall) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->rejectCall(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getLastCallFailCause() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getLastCallFailCause) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getLastCallFailCause(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendUssd() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendUssd) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     radio->sendUssd(serial, hidl_string("test"));
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp->rspInfo.type);
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.cancelPendingUssd() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, cancelPendingUssd) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->cancelPendingUssd(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCallForwardStatus() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCallForwardStatus) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     CallForwardInfo callInfo;
     memset(&callInfo, 0, sizeof(callInfo));
     callInfo.number = hidl_string();
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCallForward() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCallForward) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     CallForwardInfo callInfo;
     memset(&callInfo, 0, sizeof(callInfo));
     callInfo.number = hidl_string();
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getCallWaiting() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getCallWaiting) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getCallWaiting(serial, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCallWaiting() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setCallWaiting) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setCallWaiting(serial, true, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.acceptCall() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, acceptCall) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->acceptCall(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.separateConnection() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, separateConnection) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->separateConnection(serial, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.explicitCallTransfer() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, explicitCallTransfer) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->explicitCallTransfer(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendCDMAFeatureCode() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendCDMAFeatureCode) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->sendCDMAFeatureCode(serial, hidl_string());
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendDtmf() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendDtmf) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->sendDtmf(serial, "1");
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.startDtmf() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, startDtmf) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->startDtmf(serial, "1");
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.stopDtmf() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, stopDtmf) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->stopDtmf(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setMute() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, setMute) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->setMute(serial, true);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.getMute() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, getMute) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->getMute(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.sendBurstDtmf() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest, sendBurstDtmf) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio->sendBurstDtmf(serial, "1", 0, 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
index 434d488..93d5557 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
@@ -24,69 +24,69 @@
                                                      const CardStatus& card_status) {
     rspInfo = info;
     cardStatus = card_status;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPukForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPin2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyIccPuk2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::changeIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::changeIccPin2ForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                                    int32_t /*remainingRetries*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCurrentCallsResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<Call>& /*calls*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::dialResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -94,72 +94,72 @@
                                                   const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& imsi) {
     rspInfo = info;
     this->imsi = imsi;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::hangupConnectionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::hangupWaitingOrBackgroundResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::hangupForegroundResumeBackgroundResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActiveResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::conferenceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::rejectCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getLastCallFailCauseResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const LastCallFailCauseInfo& /*failCauseInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getSignalStrengthResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                       const SignalStrength& /*sig_strength*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const VoiceRegStateResult& /*voiceRegResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getDataRegistrationStateResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const DataRegStateResult& /*dataRegResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -168,19 +168,19 @@
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*shortName*/,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*numeric*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setRadioPowerResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
                                             const SendSmsResult& sms) {
     rspInfo = info;
     sendSmsResult = sms;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -196,14 +196,14 @@
                                                       const SendSmsResult& sms) {
     rspInfo = info;
     sendSmsResult = sms;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setupDataCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                   const SetupDataCallResult& /*dcResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -211,32 +211,32 @@
                                                 const IccIoResult& iccIo) {
     rspInfo = info;
     this->iccIoResult = iccIo;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendUssdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::cancelPendingUssdResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getClirResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t /*n*/,
                                             int32_t /*m*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setClirResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -244,84 +244,84 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CallForwardInfo>&
     /*callForwardInfos*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCallForwardResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCallWaitingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool /*enable*/,
                                                    int32_t /*serviceClass*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCallWaitingResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acceptCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::deactivateDataCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getFacilityLockForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                           int32_t /*response*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setFacilityLockForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                           int32_t /*retry*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setBarringPasswordResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getNetworkSelectionModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                             bool /*manual*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeAutomaticResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setNetworkSelectionModeManualResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -329,50 +329,50 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<OperatorInfo>& /*networkInfos*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::stopDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getBasebandVersionResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*version*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::separateConnectionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setMuteResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getMuteResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, bool /*enable*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getClipResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, ClipStatus /*status*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<SetupDataCallResult>& /*dcResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -397,26 +397,26 @@
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSuppServiceNotificationsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::writeSmsToSimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, int32_t index) {
     rspInfo = info;
     writeSmsToSimIndex = index;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::deleteSmsOnSimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setBandModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -424,46 +424,46 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<RadioBandMode>& /*bandModes*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendEnvelopeResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*commandResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendTerminalResponseToSimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSimResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::explicitCallTransferResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setPreferredNetworkTypeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getPreferredNetworkTypeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                             PreferredNetworkType /*nw_type*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -471,69 +471,69 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<NeighboringCell>& /*cells*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setLocationUpdatesResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCdmaRoamingPreferenceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                              CdmaRoamingType /*type*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setTTYModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getTTYModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, TtyMode /*mode*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getPreferredVoicePrivacyResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                              bool /*enable*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendCDMAFeatureCodeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendBurstDtmfResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -541,13 +541,13 @@
                                                 const SendSmsResult& sms) {
     rspInfo = info;
     sendSmsResult = sms;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSmsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -555,19 +555,19 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& /*configs*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setGsmBroadcastConfigResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setGsmBroadcastActivationResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -575,19 +575,19 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& /*configs*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaBroadcastConfigResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCdmaBroadcastActivationResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -598,20 +598,20 @@
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*min*/,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*prl*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::writeSmsToRuimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info, uint32_t index) {
     rspInfo = info;
     writeSmsToRuimIndex = index;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::deleteSmsOnRuimResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -621,13 +621,13 @@
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*esn*/,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*meid*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::exitEmergencyCallbackModeResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -635,79 +635,79 @@
                                                    const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& smsc) {
     rspInfo = info;
     smscAddress = smsc;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSmscAddressResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::reportSmsMemoryStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::reportStkServiceIsRunningResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCdmaSubscriptionSourceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                               CdmaSubscriptionSource /*source*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::requestIsimAuthenticationResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*response*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPduResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendEnvelopeWithStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                            const IccIoResult& /*iccIo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                             RadioTechnology /*rat*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getCellInfoListResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& /*cellInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setCellInfoListRateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setInitialAttachApnResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -715,7 +715,7 @@
                                                             bool /*isRegistered*/,
                                                             RadioTechnologyFamily /*ratFamily*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@
                                                const SendSmsResult& sms) {
     rspInfo = info;
     sendSmsResult = sms;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@
                                                                 const IccIoResult& result) {
     rspInfo = info;
     this->iccIoResult = result;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -740,13 +740,13 @@
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<int8_t>& /*selectResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
     this->channelId = channelId;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::iccCloseLogicalChannelResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -754,44 +754,44 @@
                                                                   const IccIoResult& result) {
     rspInfo = info;
     this->iccIoResult = result;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvReadItemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*result*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvWriteItemResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvWriteCdmaPrlResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::nvResetConfigResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setUiccSubscriptionResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setDataAllowedResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -799,7 +799,7 @@
     const RadioResponseInfo& info,
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<HardwareConfig>& /*config*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -807,68 +807,68 @@
                                                                 const IccIoResult& result) {
     rspInfo = info;
     this->iccIoResult = result;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setDataProfileResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::requestShutdownResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getRadioCapabilityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        const RadioCapability& /*rc*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setRadioCapabilityResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        const RadioCapability& /*rc*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::startLceServiceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                     const LceStatusInfo& /*statusInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::stopLceServiceResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                    const LceStatusInfo& /*statusInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::pullLceDataResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                 const LceDataInfo& /*lceInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::getModemActivityInfoResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ActivityStatsInfo& /*activityInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setAllowedCarriersResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        int32_t /*numAllowed*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -876,25 +876,25 @@
                                                        bool /*allAllowed*/,
                                                        const CarrierRestrictions& /*carriers*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::sendDeviceStateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setIndicationFilterResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse::setSimCardPowerResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_callback.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_callback.cpp
index fdcc15c..cce69d5 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_callback.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_callback.cpp
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@
 Return<void> SapCallback::connectResponse(int32_t token, SapConnectRsp /*sapConnectRsp*/,
                                           int32_t /*maxMsgSize*/) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> SapCallback::disconnectResponse(int32_t token) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
                                        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& /*apduRsp*/) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
     sapResultCode = resultCode;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -49,21 +49,21 @@
     const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t>& /*atr*/) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
     sapResultCode = resultCode;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> SapCallback::powerResponse(int32_t token, SapResultCode resultCode) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
     sapResultCode = resultCode;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> SapCallback::resetSimResponse(int32_t token, SapResultCode resultCode) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
     sapResultCode = resultCode;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
                                                            int32_t /*cardReaderStatus*/) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
     sapResultCode = resultCode;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@
 Return<void> SapCallback::transferProtocolResponse(int32_t token, SapResultCode resultCode) {
     sapResponseToken = token;
     sapResultCode = resultCode;
-    parent.notify();
+    parent.notify(token);
     return Void();
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index d0788dd..da78f41 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
  * Test ISap.connectReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, connectReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int32_t maxMsgSize = 100;
 
     sap->connectReq(token, maxMsgSize);
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.disconnectReq() for the response returned
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, disconnectReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     sap->disconnectReq(token);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.apduReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, apduReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SapApduType sapApduType = SapApduType::APDU;
     android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> command = {};
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.transferAtrReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, transferAtrReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     sap->transferAtrReq(token);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.powerReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, powerReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     bool state = true;
 
     sap->powerReq(token, state);
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.resetSimReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, resetSimReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     sap->resetSimReq(token);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.transferCardReaderStatusReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, transferCardReaderStatusReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     sap->transferCardReaderStatusReq(token);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setTransferProtocolReq() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(SapHidlTest, setTransferProtocolReq) {
-    int32_t token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    token = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     SapTransferProtocol sapTransferProtocol = SapTransferProtocol::T0;
 
     sap->setTransferProtocolReq(token, sapTransferProtocol);
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index 79668bb..65b344b 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -31,10 +31,12 @@
 
 void SapHidlTest::TearDown() {}
 
-void SapHidlTest::notify() {
+void SapHidlTest::notify(int receivedToken) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
     count++;
-    cv.notify_one();
+    if (token == receivedToken) {
+        cv.notify_one();
+    }
 }
 
 std::cv_status SapHidlTest::wait() {
diff --git a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_utils.h b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_utils.h
index ec237dc..f432932 100644
--- a/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_utils.h
+++ b/radio/1.0/vts/functional/sap_hidl_hal_utils.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
     virtual void TearDown() override;
 
     /* Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callback */
-    void notify();
+    void notify(int receivedToken);
 
     /* Test code calls this function to wait for response */
     std::cv_status wait();
@@ -117,4 +117,7 @@
 
     /* Sap Callback object */
     sp<SapCallback> sapCb;
+
+    /* Token for sap request */
+    int32_t token;
 };
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index 17c2a83..90077dc 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -21,18 +21,57 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSimCardPower() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_1, setSimCardPower_1_1) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    /* Record the sim card state for the testing environment */
+    CardState cardStateForTest = cardStatus.cardState;
 
+    /* Test setSimCardPower power down */
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     radio_v1_1->setSimCardPower_1_1(serial, CardPowerState::POWER_DOWN);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                  RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE}));
+    /* Wait some time for setting sim power down and then verify it */
+    updateSimCardStatus();
+    auto startTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    while (cardStatus.cardState != CardState::ABSENT &&
+           std::chrono::duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(std::chrono::system_clock::now() - startTime)
+                   .count() < 80) {
+        /* Set 2 seconds as interval to check card status */
+        sleep(2);
+        updateSimCardStatus();
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::ABSENT, cardStatus.cardState);
 
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(
-            CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
-                             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
-                              RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE}));
+    /* Test setSimCardPower power up */
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_v1_1->setSimCardPower_1_1(serial, CardPowerState::POWER_UP);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+                                  RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE}));
+
+    /**
+     * If the sim card status for the testing environment is PRESENT,
+     * verify if sim status is reset back.
+     */
+    if (cardStateForTest == CardState::PRESENT) {
+        /* Wait some time for resetting back to sim power on and then verify it */
+        updateSimCardStatus();
+        startTime = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        while (cardStatus.cardState != CardState::PRESENT &&
+               std::chrono::duration_cast<chrono::seconds>(std::chrono::system_clock::now() -
+                                                           startTime)
+                       .count() < 80) {
+            /* Set 2 seconds as interval to check card status */
+            sleep(2);
+            updateSimCardStatus();
+        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(CardState::PRESENT, cardStatus.cardState);
     }
 }
 
@@ -40,7 +79,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_1, startNetworkScan) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     NetworkScanRequest request;
     request.type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT;
@@ -74,7 +113,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_1, startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     NetworkScanRequest request;
     request.type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT;
@@ -98,7 +137,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.stopNetworkScan() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_1, stopNetworkScan) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio_v1_1->stopNetworkScan(serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
@@ -117,7 +156,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_1, setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     ImsiEncryptionInfo imsiInfo;
     imsiInfo.mcc = "310";
     imsiInfo.mnc = "004";
@@ -222,7 +261,7 @@
         }};
 
     for (auto req = requests.begin(); req != requests.end(); req++) {
-        int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+        serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
         radio_v1_1->startKeepalive(serial, *req);
         EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
         EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.type);
@@ -238,7 +277,7 @@
  * Test IRadio.stopKeepalive() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_1, stopKeepalive) {
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     radio_v1_1->stopKeepalive(serial, 0xBAD);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index 6d16cd8..2f657b4 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -42,22 +42,21 @@
 
     radio_v1_1->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_v1_1, radioInd_v1_1);
 
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-    radio_v1_1->getIccCardStatus(serial);
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    updateSimCardStatus();
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_v1_1->rspInfo.error);
 
-    /* Vts Testing with Sim Absent only. This needs to be removed later in P when sim present
-     * scenarios will be tested. */
-    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::ABSENT, cardStatus.cardState);
+    /* Enforce Vts Testing with Sim Status Present only. */
+    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::PRESENT, cardStatus.cardState);
 }
 
-void RadioHidlTest_v1_1::notify() {
+void RadioHidlTest_v1_1::notify(int receivedSerial) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
-    count++;
-    cv.notify_one();
+    if (serial == receivedSerial) {
+        count++;
+        cv.notify_one();
+    }
 }
 
 std::cv_status RadioHidlTest_v1_1::wait(int sec) {
@@ -74,3 +73,9 @@
     count--;
     return status;
 }
+
+void RadioHidlTest_v1_1::updateSimCardStatus() {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_v1_1->getIccCardStatus(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_1.h b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_1.h
index 36d15c7..925f4fc 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_1.h
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_1.h
@@ -558,11 +558,17 @@
     std::condition_variable cv;
     int count;
 
+    /* Serial number for radio request */
+    int serial;
+
+    /* Update Sim Card Status */
+    void updateSimCardStatus();
+
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
 
     /* Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callback */
-    void notify();
+    void notify(int receivedSerial);
 
     /* Test code calls this function to wait for response */
     std::cv_status wait(int sec = TIMEOUT_PERIOD);
diff --git a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
index 400ef3c..c2edde8 100644
--- a/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.1/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
                                                           const CardStatus& card_status) {
     rspInfo = info;
     cardStatus = card_status;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -661,25 +661,25 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_1::setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryptionResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_1::setSimCardPowerResponse_1_1(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_1::startNetworkScanResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_1::stopNetworkScanResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -687,12 +687,12 @@
                                                         const KeepaliveStatus& status) {
     rspInfo = info;
     keepaliveStatus = status;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_1::stopKeepaliveResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_1.notify();
+    parent_v1_1.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/Android.bp b/radio/1.2/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8ff4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service",
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service.rc"],
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "Radio.cpp",
+        "radio-service.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.1",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service",
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service.rc"],
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    vendor: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "Sap.cpp",
+        "sap-service.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.radio@1.1",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/Radio.cpp b/radio/1.2/default/Radio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73512e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/Radio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,911 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.1 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.1
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "Radio.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace radio {
+namespace V1_2 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadio follow.
+Return<void> Radio::setResponseFunctions(
+    const sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadioResponse>& radioResponse,
+    const sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadioIndication>& radioIndication) {
+    mRadioResponse = radioResponse;
+    mRadioIndication = radioIndication;
+    mRadioResponseV1_1 = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::IRadioResponse::castFrom(mRadioResponse)
+                             .withDefault(nullptr);
+    mRadioIndicationV1_1 =
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::IRadioIndication::castFrom(mRadioIndication)
+            .withDefault(nullptr);
+    if (mRadioResponseV1_1 == nullptr || mRadioIndicationV1_1 == nullptr) {
+        mRadioResponseV1_1 = nullptr;
+        mRadioIndicationV1_1 = nullptr;
+    }
+    mRadioResponseV1_2 = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadioResponse::castFrom(mRadioResponse)
+                             .withDefault(nullptr);
+    mRadioIndicationV1_2 =
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadioIndication::castFrom(mRadioIndication)
+            .withDefault(nullptr);
+    if (mRadioResponseV1_2 == nullptr || mRadioIndicationV1_2 == nullptr) {
+        mRadioResponseV1_2 = nullptr;
+        mRadioIndicationV1_2 = nullptr;
+    }
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getIccCardStatus(int32_t serial) {
+    /**
+     * IRadio-defined request is called from the client and talk to the radio to get
+     * IRadioResponse-defined response or/and IRadioIndication-defined indication back to the
+     * client. This dummy implementation omits and replaces the design and implementation of vendor
+     * codes that needs to handle the receipt of the request and the return of the response from the
+     * radio; this just directly returns a dummy response back to the client.
+     */
+
+    ALOGD("Radio Request: getIccCardStatus is entering");
+
+    if (mRadioResponse != nullptr || mRadioResponseV1_1 != nullptr ||
+        mRadioResponseV1_2 != nullptr) {
+        // Dummy RadioResponseInfo as part of response to return in 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioResponseInfo info;
+        info.serial = serial;
+        info.type = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioResponseType::SOLICITED;
+        info.error = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioError::NONE;
+        /**
+         * In IRadio and IRadioResponse 1.2, getIccCardStatus can trigger radio to return
+         * getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2. In their 1.0 and 1.1, getIccCardStatus can trigger radio to
+         * return getIccCardStatusResponse.
+         */
+        if (mRadioResponseV1_2 != nullptr) {
+            // Dummy CardStatus as part of getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2 response to return
+            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CardStatus card_status;
+            card_status.base.cardState = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardState::ABSENT;
+            card_status.base.gsmUmtsSubscriptionAppIndex = 0;
+            card_status.base.cdmaSubscriptionAppIndex = 0;
+            mRadioResponseV1_2->getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2(info, card_status);
+            ALOGD("Radio Response: getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2 is sent");
+        } else if (mRadioResponseV1_1 != nullptr) {
+            // Dummy CardStatus as part of getIccCardStatusResponse response to return
+            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardStatus card_status_V1_0;
+            card_status_V1_0.cardState = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardState::ABSENT;
+            card_status_V1_0.gsmUmtsSubscriptionAppIndex = 0;
+            card_status_V1_0.cdmaSubscriptionAppIndex = 0;
+            mRadioResponseV1_1->getIccCardStatusResponse(info, card_status_V1_0);
+            ALOGD("Radio Response: getIccCardStatusResponse is sent");
+        } else {
+            // Dummy CardStatus as part of getIccCardStatusResponse response to return
+            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardStatus card_status_V1_0;
+            card_status_V1_0.cardState = ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardState::ABSENT;
+            card_status_V1_0.gsmUmtsSubscriptionAppIndex = 0;
+            card_status_V1_0.cdmaSubscriptionAppIndex = 0;
+            mRadioResponse->getIccCardStatusResponse(info, card_status_V1_0);
+            ALOGD("Radio Response: getIccCardStatusResponse is sent");
+        }
+    } else {
+        ALOGD("mRadioResponse, mRadioResponseV1_1, and mRadioResponseV1_2 are NULL");
+    }
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::supplyIccPinForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* pin */,
+                                       const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::supplyIccPukForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* puk */,
+                                       const hidl_string& /* pin */, const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::supplyIccPin2ForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* pin2 */,
+                                        const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::supplyIccPuk2ForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* puk2 */,
+                                        const hidl_string& /* pin2 */,
+                                        const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::changeIccPinForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* oldPin */,
+                                       const hidl_string& /* newPin */,
+                                       const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::changeIccPin2ForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* oldPin2 */,
+                                        const hidl_string& /* newPin2 */,
+                                        const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::supplyNetworkDepersonalization(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                                   const hidl_string& /* netPin */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCurrentCalls(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::dial(int32_t /* serial */,
+                         const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::Dial& /* dialInfo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getImsiForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::hangup(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* gsmIndex */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::hangupWaitingOrBackground(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::hangupForegroundResumeBackground(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActive(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::conference(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::rejectCall(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getLastCallFailCause(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getSignalStrength(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getVoiceRegistrationState(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getDataRegistrationState(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getOperator(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setRadioPower(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* on */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendDtmf(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* s */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendSms(int32_t /* serial */,
+                            const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::GsmSmsMessage& /* message */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendSMSExpectMore(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::GsmSmsMessage& /* message */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setupDataCall(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioTechnology /* radioTechnology */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo& /* dataProfileInfo */,
+    bool /* modemCognitive */, bool /* roamingAllowed */, bool /* isRoaming */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::iccIOForApp(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IccIo& /* iccIo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendUssd(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* ussd */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::cancelPendingUssd(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getClir(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setClir(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* status */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCallForwardStatus(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CallForwardInfo& /* callInfo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCallForward(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CallForwardInfo& /* callInfo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCallWaiting(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* serviceClass */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCallWaiting(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* enable */,
+                                   int32_t /* serviceClass */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSms(
+    int32_t /* serial */, bool /* success */,
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SmsAcknowledgeFailCause /* cause */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::acceptCall(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::deactivateDataCall(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* cid */,
+                                       bool /* reasonRadioShutDown */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getFacilityLockForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* facility */,
+                                          const hidl_string& /* password */,
+                                          int32_t /* serviceClass */,
+                                          const hidl_string& /* appId */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setFacilityLockForApp(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* facility */,
+                                          bool /* lockState */, const hidl_string& /* password */,
+                                          int32_t /* serviceClass */,
+                                          const hidl_string& /* appId */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setBarringPassword(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* facility */,
+                                       const hidl_string& /* oldPassword */,
+                                       const hidl_string& /* newPassword */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getNetworkSelectionMode(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setNetworkSelectionModeAutomatic(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setNetworkSelectionModeManual(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                                  const hidl_string& /* operatorNumeric */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getAvailableNetworks(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::startDtmf(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* s */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::stopDtmf(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getBasebandVersion(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::separateConnection(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* gsmIndex */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setMute(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* enable */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getMute(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getClip(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getDataCallList(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setSuppServiceNotifications(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* enable */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::writeSmsToSim(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SmsWriteArgs& /* smsWriteArgs */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::deleteSmsOnSim(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* index */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setBandMode(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioBandMode /* mode */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getAvailableBandModes(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendEnvelope(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* command */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendTerminalResponseToSim(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                              const hidl_string& /* commandResponse */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSim(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* accept */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::explicitCallTransfer(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setPreferredNetworkType(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::PreferredNetworkType /* nwType */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getPreferredNetworkType(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getNeighboringCids(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setLocationUpdates(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* enable */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCdmaSubscriptionSource(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSubscriptionSource /* cdmaSub */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCdmaRoamingPreference(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaRoamingType /* type */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCdmaRoamingPreference(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setTTYMode(int32_t /* serial */,
+                               ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::TtyMode /* mode */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getTTYMode(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setPreferredVoicePrivacy(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* enable */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getPreferredVoicePrivacy(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendCDMAFeatureCode(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                        const hidl_string& /* featureCode */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendBurstDtmf(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* dtmf*/,
+                                  int32_t /*on*/, int32_t /*off */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendCdmaSms(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSmsMessage& /* sms */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSms(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSmsAck& /* smsAck */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getGsmBroadcastConfig(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setGsmBroadcastConfig(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& /* configInfo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setGsmBroadcastActivation(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* activate */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCdmaBroadcastConfig(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCdmaBroadcastConfig(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const hidl_vec<
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& /* configInfo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCdmaBroadcastActivation(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* activate */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCDMASubscription(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::writeSmsToRuim(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSmsWriteArgs& /* cdmaSms */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::deleteSmsOnRuim(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* index */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getDeviceIdentity(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::exitEmergencyCallbackMode(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getSmscAddress(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setSmscAddress(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* smsc */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::reportSmsMemoryStatus(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* available */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::reportStkServiceIsRunning(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCdmaSubscriptionSource(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::requestIsimAuthentication(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                              const hidl_string& /* challenge */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPdu(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* success */,
+                                                     const hidl_string& /* ackPdu */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendEnvelopeWithStatus(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                           const hidl_string& /* contents */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getVoiceRadioTechnology(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getCellInfoList(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setCellInfoListRate(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /*rate */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setInitialAttachApn(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo& /* dataProfileInfo */,
+    bool /* modemCognitive */, bool /* isRoaming */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getImsRegistrationState(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendImsSms(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ImsSmsMessage& /* message */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::iccTransmitApduBasicChannel(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SimApdu& /* message */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::iccOpenLogicalChannel(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_string& /* aid*/,
+                                          int32_t /*p2 */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::iccCloseLogicalChannel(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* channelId */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SimApdu& /* message */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::nvReadItem(int32_t /* serial */,
+                               ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::NvItem /* itemId */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::nvWriteItem(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::NvWriteItem& /* item */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::nvWriteCdmaPrl(int32_t /* serial */, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& /* prl */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::nvResetConfig(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                  ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ResetNvType /* resetType */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setUiccSubscription(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SelectUiccSub& /* uiccSub */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setDataAllowed(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* allow */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getHardwareConfig(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::requestIccSimAuthentication(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* authContext */,
+                                                const hidl_string& /* authData */,
+                                                const hidl_string& /* aid */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setDataProfile(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo>& /* profiles */,
+    bool /* isRoaming */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::requestShutdown(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getRadioCapability(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setRadioCapability(
+    int32_t /* serial */, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioCapability& /* rc */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::startLceService(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* reportInterval */,
+                                    bool /* pullMode */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::stopLceService(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::pullLceData(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getModemActivityInfo(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setAllowedCarriers(
+    int32_t /* serial */, bool /* allAllowed */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CarrierRestrictions& /* carriers */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::getAllowedCarriers(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::sendDeviceState(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DeviceStateType /* deviceStateType */,
+    bool /* state */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setIndicationFilter(int32_t /* serial */,
+                                        hidl_bitfield<IndicationFilter> /* indicationFilter */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setSimCardPower(int32_t /* serial */, bool /* powerUp */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::responseAcknowledgement() {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::IRadio follow.
+Return<void> Radio::setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::ImsiEncryptionInfo& /* imsiEncryptionInfo */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setSimCardPower_1_1(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::CardPowerState /* powerUp */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::startNetworkScan(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::NetworkScanRequest& /* request */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::stopNetworkScan(int32_t /* serial */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::startKeepalive(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::KeepaliveRequest& /* keepalive */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::stopKeepalive(int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* sessionHandle */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio follow.
+Return<void> Radio::startNetworkScan_1_2(
+    int32_t /* serial */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest& /* request */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setIndicationFilter_1_2(
+    int32_t /* serial */, hidl_bitfield<IndicationFilter> /* indicationFilter */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
+    int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /*hysteresisMs*/, int32_t /*hysteresisDb */,
+    const hidl_vec<int32_t>& /* thresholdsDbm */,
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork /* accessNetwork */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(
+    int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /*hysteresisMs*/, int32_t /*hysteresisDlKbps*/,
+    int32_t /*hysteresisUlKbps */, const hidl_vec<int32_t>& /* thresholdsDownlinkKbps */,
+    const hidl_vec<int32_t>& /* thresholdsUplinkKbps */,
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork /* accessNetwork */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::setupDataCall_1_2(
+    int32_t /* serial */, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork /* accessNetwork */,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo& /* dataProfileInfo */,
+    bool /* modemCognitive */, bool /* roamingAllowed */, bool /* isRoaming */,
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason /* reason */,
+    const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& /* addresses */, const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& /* dnses */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Radio::deactivateDataCall_1_2(
+    int32_t /* serial */, int32_t /* cid */,
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason /* reason */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_2
+}  // namespace radio
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/Radio.h b/radio/1.2/default/Radio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb8ab5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/Radio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.1 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.1
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_RADIO_V1_2_RADIO_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_RADIO_V1_2_RADIO_H
+
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadio.h>
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadioIndication.h>
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadioResponse.h>
+#include <hidl/MQDescriptor.h>
+#include <hidl/Status.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace radio {
+namespace V1_2 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_array;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_memory;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+struct Radio : public IRadio {
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadioResponse> mRadioResponse;
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadioIndication> mRadioIndication;
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::IRadioResponse> mRadioResponseV1_1;
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::IRadioIndication> mRadioIndicationV1_1;
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadioResponse> mRadioResponseV1_2;
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadioIndication> mRadioIndicationV1_2;
+
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadio follow.
+    Return<void> setResponseFunctions(
+        const sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadioResponse>& radioResponse,
+        const sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IRadioIndication>& radioIndication) override;
+    Return<void> getIccCardStatus(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> supplyIccPinForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& pin,
+                                    const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> supplyIccPukForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& puk, const hidl_string& pin,
+                                    const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> supplyIccPin2ForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& pin2,
+                                     const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> supplyIccPuk2ForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& puk2,
+                                     const hidl_string& pin2, const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> changeIccPinForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& oldPin,
+                                    const hidl_string& newPin, const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> changeIccPin2ForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& oldPin2,
+                                     const hidl_string& newPin2, const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> supplyNetworkDepersonalization(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& netPin) override;
+    Return<void> getCurrentCalls(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> dial(int32_t serial,
+                      const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::Dial& dialInfo) override;
+    Return<void> getImsiForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> hangup(int32_t serial, int32_t gsmIndex) override;
+    Return<void> hangupWaitingOrBackground(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> hangupForegroundResumeBackground(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> switchWaitingOrHoldingAndActive(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> conference(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> rejectCall(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getLastCallFailCause(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getSignalStrength(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getVoiceRegistrationState(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getDataRegistrationState(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getOperator(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setRadioPower(int32_t serial, bool on) override;
+    Return<void> sendDtmf(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& s) override;
+    Return<void> sendSms(int32_t serial,
+                         const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::GsmSmsMessage& message) override;
+    Return<void> sendSMSExpectMore(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::GsmSmsMessage& message) override;
+    Return<void> setupDataCall(
+        int32_t serial, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioTechnology radioTechnology,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo& dataProfileInfo,
+        bool modemCognitive, bool roamingAllowed, bool isRoaming) override;
+    Return<void> iccIOForApp(int32_t serial,
+                             const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::IccIo& iccIo) override;
+    Return<void> sendUssd(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& ussd) override;
+    Return<void> cancelPendingUssd(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getClir(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setClir(int32_t serial, int32_t status) override;
+    Return<void> getCallForwardStatus(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CallForwardInfo& callInfo) override;
+    Return<void> setCallForward(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CallForwardInfo& callInfo) override;
+    Return<void> getCallWaiting(int32_t serial, int32_t serviceClass) override;
+    Return<void> setCallWaiting(int32_t serial, bool enable, int32_t serviceClass) override;
+    Return<void> acknowledgeLastIncomingGsmSms(
+        int32_t serial, bool success,
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SmsAcknowledgeFailCause cause) override;
+    Return<void> acceptCall(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> deactivateDataCall(int32_t serial, int32_t cid, bool reasonRadioShutDown) override;
+    Return<void> getFacilityLockForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& facility,
+                                       const hidl_string& password, int32_t serviceClass,
+                                       const hidl_string& appId) override;
+    Return<void> setFacilityLockForApp(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& facility, bool lockState,
+                                       const hidl_string& password, int32_t serviceClass,
+                                       const hidl_string& appId) override;
+    Return<void> setBarringPassword(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& facility,
+                                    const hidl_string& oldPassword,
+                                    const hidl_string& newPassword) override;
+    Return<void> getNetworkSelectionMode(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setNetworkSelectionModeAutomatic(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setNetworkSelectionModeManual(int32_t serial,
+                                               const hidl_string& operatorNumeric) override;
+    Return<void> getAvailableNetworks(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> startDtmf(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& s) override;
+    Return<void> stopDtmf(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getBasebandVersion(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> separateConnection(int32_t serial, int32_t gsmIndex) override;
+    Return<void> setMute(int32_t serial, bool enable) override;
+    Return<void> getMute(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getClip(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getDataCallList(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setSuppServiceNotifications(int32_t serial, bool enable) override;
+    Return<void> writeSmsToSim(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SmsWriteArgs& smsWriteArgs) override;
+    Return<void> deleteSmsOnSim(int32_t serial, int32_t index) override;
+    Return<void> setBandMode(int32_t serial,
+                             ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioBandMode mode) override;
+    Return<void> getAvailableBandModes(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> sendEnvelope(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& command) override;
+    Return<void> sendTerminalResponseToSim(int32_t serial,
+                                           const hidl_string& commandResponse) override;
+    Return<void> handleStkCallSetupRequestFromSim(int32_t serial, bool accept) override;
+    Return<void> explicitCallTransfer(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setPreferredNetworkType(
+        int32_t serial, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::PreferredNetworkType nwType) override;
+    Return<void> getPreferredNetworkType(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getNeighboringCids(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setLocationUpdates(int32_t serial, bool enable) override;
+    Return<void> setCdmaSubscriptionSource(
+        int32_t serial, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSubscriptionSource cdmaSub) override;
+    Return<void> setCdmaRoamingPreference(
+        int32_t serial, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaRoamingType type) override;
+    Return<void> getCdmaRoamingPreference(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setTTYMode(int32_t serial,
+                            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::TtyMode mode) override;
+    Return<void> getTTYMode(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setPreferredVoicePrivacy(int32_t serial, bool enable) override;
+    Return<void> getPreferredVoicePrivacy(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> sendCDMAFeatureCode(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& featureCode) override;
+    Return<void> sendBurstDtmf(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& dtmf, int32_t on,
+                               int32_t off) override;
+    Return<void> sendCdmaSms(int32_t serial,
+                             const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSmsMessage& sms) override;
+    Return<void> acknowledgeLastIncomingCdmaSms(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSmsAck& smsAck) override;
+    Return<void> getGsmBroadcastConfig(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setGsmBroadcastConfig(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::GsmBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& configInfo)
+        override;
+    Return<void> setGsmBroadcastActivation(int32_t serial, bool activate) override;
+    Return<void> getCdmaBroadcastConfig(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setCdmaBroadcastConfig(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaBroadcastSmsConfigInfo>& configInfo)
+        override;
+    Return<void> setCdmaBroadcastActivation(int32_t serial, bool activate) override;
+    Return<void> getCDMASubscription(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> writeSmsToRuim(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CdmaSmsWriteArgs& cdmaSms) override;
+    Return<void> deleteSmsOnRuim(int32_t serial, int32_t index) override;
+    Return<void> getDeviceIdentity(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> exitEmergencyCallbackMode(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getSmscAddress(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setSmscAddress(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& smsc) override;
+    Return<void> reportSmsMemoryStatus(int32_t serial, bool available) override;
+    Return<void> reportStkServiceIsRunning(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getCdmaSubscriptionSource(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> requestIsimAuthentication(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& challenge) override;
+    Return<void> acknowledgeIncomingGsmSmsWithPdu(int32_t serial, bool success,
+                                                  const hidl_string& ackPdu) override;
+    Return<void> sendEnvelopeWithStatus(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& contents) override;
+    Return<void> getVoiceRadioTechnology(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getCellInfoList(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setCellInfoListRate(int32_t serial, int32_t rate) override;
+    Return<void> setInitialAttachApn(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo& dataProfileInfo,
+        bool modemCognitive, bool isRoaming) override;
+    Return<void> getImsRegistrationState(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> sendImsSms(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ImsSmsMessage& message) override;
+    Return<void> iccTransmitApduBasicChannel(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SimApdu& message) override;
+    Return<void> iccOpenLogicalChannel(int32_t serial, const hidl_string& aid, int32_t p2) override;
+    Return<void> iccCloseLogicalChannel(int32_t serial, int32_t channelId) override;
+    Return<void> iccTransmitApduLogicalChannel(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SimApdu& message) override;
+    Return<void> nvReadItem(int32_t serial,
+                            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::NvItem itemId) override;
+    Return<void> nvWriteItem(int32_t serial,
+                             const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::NvWriteItem& item) override;
+    Return<void> nvWriteCdmaPrl(int32_t serial, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& prl) override;
+    Return<void> nvResetConfig(int32_t serial,
+                               ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ResetNvType resetType) override;
+    Return<void> setUiccSubscription(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SelectUiccSub& uiccSub) override;
+    Return<void> setDataAllowed(int32_t serial, bool allow) override;
+    Return<void> getHardwareConfig(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> requestIccSimAuthentication(int32_t serial, int32_t authContext,
+                                             const hidl_string& authData,
+                                             const hidl_string& aid) override;
+    Return<void> setDataProfile(
+        int32_t serial, const hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo>& profiles,
+        bool isRoaming) override;
+    Return<void> requestShutdown(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getRadioCapability(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setRadioCapability(
+        int32_t serial, const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::RadioCapability& rc) override;
+    Return<void> startLceService(int32_t serial, int32_t reportInterval, bool pullMode) override;
+    Return<void> stopLceService(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> pullLceData(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> getModemActivityInfo(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> setAllowedCarriers(
+        int32_t serial, bool allAllowed,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CarrierRestrictions& carriers) override;
+    Return<void> getAllowedCarriers(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> sendDeviceState(int32_t serial,
+                                 ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DeviceStateType deviceStateType,
+                                 bool state) override;
+    Return<void> setIndicationFilter(int32_t serial,
+                                     hidl_bitfield<IndicationFilter> indicationFilter) override;
+    Return<void> setSimCardPower(int32_t serial, bool powerUp) override;
+    Return<void> responseAcknowledgement() override;
+
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::IRadio follow.
+    Return<void> setCarrierInfoForImsiEncryption(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::ImsiEncryptionInfo& imsiEncryptionInfo) override;
+    Return<void> setSimCardPower_1_1(
+        int32_t serial, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::CardPowerState powerUp) override;
+    Return<void> startNetworkScan(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::NetworkScanRequest& request) override;
+    Return<void> stopNetworkScan(int32_t serial) override;
+    Return<void> startKeepalive(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::KeepaliveRequest& keepalive) override;
+    Return<void> stopKeepalive(int32_t serial, int32_t sessionHandle) override;
+
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio follow.
+    Return<void> startNetworkScan_1_2(
+        int32_t serial,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest& request) override;
+    Return<void> setIndicationFilter_1_2(int32_t serial,
+                                         hidl_bitfield<IndicationFilter> indicationFilter) override;
+    Return<void> setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
+        int32_t serial, int32_t hysteresisMs, int32_t hysteresisDb,
+        const hidl_vec<int32_t>& thresholdsDbm,
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork accessNetwork) override;
+    Return<void> setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(
+        int32_t serial, int32_t hysteresisMs, int32_t hysteresisDlKbps, int32_t hysteresisUlKbps,
+        const hidl_vec<int32_t>& thresholdsDownlinkKbps,
+        const hidl_vec<int32_t>& thresholdsUplinkKbps,
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork accessNetwork) override;
+    Return<void> setupDataCall_1_2(
+        int32_t serial, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork accessNetwork,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataProfileInfo& dataProfileInfo,
+        bool modemCognitive, bool roamingAllowed, bool isRoaming,
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason reason,
+        const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& addresses, const hidl_vec<hidl_string>& dnses) override;
+    Return<void> deactivateDataCall_1_2(
+        int32_t serial, int32_t cid,
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason reason) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_2
+}  // namespace radio
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_RADIO_V1_2_RADIO_H
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/Sap.cpp b/radio/1.2/default/Sap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83efd30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/Sap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.1 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.1
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "Sap.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace radio {
+namespace V1_2 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ISap follow.
+Return<void> Sap::setCallback(
+    const sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ISapCallback>& sapCallback) {
+    mSapCallback = sapCallback;
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::connectReq(int32_t /* token */, int32_t /* maxMsgSize */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::disconnectReq(int32_t /* token */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::apduReq(int32_t /* token */,
+                          ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SapApduType /* type */,
+                          const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& /* command */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::transferAtrReq(int32_t /* token */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::powerReq(int32_t /* token */, bool /* state */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::resetSimReq(int32_t /* token */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::transferCardReaderStatusReq(int32_t /* token */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<void> Sap::setTransferProtocolReq(
+    int32_t /* token */,
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SapTransferProtocol /* transferProtocol */) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_2
+}  // namespace radio
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/Sap.h b/radio/1.2/default/Sap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..033e877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/Sap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.1 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.1
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_RADIO_V1_2_SAP_H
+#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_RADIO_V1_2_SAP_H
+
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/ISap.h>
+#include <hidl/MQDescriptor.h>
+#include <hidl/Status.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace radio {
+namespace V1_2 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_array;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_memory;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+struct Sap : public ISap {
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ISapCallback> mSapCallback;
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ISap follow.
+    Return<void> setCallback(
+        const sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::ISapCallback>& sapCallback) override;
+    Return<void> connectReq(int32_t token, int32_t maxMsgSize) override;
+    Return<void> disconnectReq(int32_t token) override;
+    Return<void> apduReq(int32_t token, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SapApduType type,
+                         const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& command) override;
+    Return<void> transferAtrReq(int32_t token) override;
+    Return<void> powerReq(int32_t token, bool state) override;
+    Return<void> resetSimReq(int32_t token) override;
+    Return<void> transferCardReaderStatusReq(int32_t token) override;
+    Return<void> setTransferProtocolReq(
+        int32_t token,
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SapTransferProtocol transferProtocol) override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V1_2
+}  // namespace radio
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_RADIO_V1_2_SAP_H
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service.rc b/radio/1.2/default/android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e126cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.radio-1-2 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service
+    class hal
+    user system
+    group system
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service.rc b/radio/1.2/default/android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..845e6e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.sap-1-2 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service
+    class hal
+    user system
+    group system
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/radio-service.cpp b/radio/1.2/default/radio-service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0d3d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/radio-service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.1 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.1
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.radio@1.2-radio-service"
+
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadio.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
+
+#include "Radio.h"
+
+using android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool;
+using android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
+using android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio;
+using android::hardware::radio::V1_2::implementation::Radio;
+using android::sp;
+using android::status_t;
+using android::OK;
+
+int main() {
+    configureRpcThreadpool(1, true);
+
+    sp<IRadio> radio = new Radio;
+    status_t status = radio->registerAsService();
+    ALOGW_IF(status != OK, "Could not register IRadio v1.2");
+    ALOGD("Default service is ready.");
+
+    joinRpcThreadpool();
+    return 1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.2/default/sap-service.cpp b/radio/1.2/default/sap-service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..796521d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/radio/1.2/default/sap-service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.1 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.1
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.radio@1.2-sap-service"
+
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/ISap.h>
+#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
+
+#include "Sap.h"
+
+using android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool;
+using android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
+using android::hardware::radio::V1_2::ISap;
+using android::hardware::radio::V1_2::implementation::Sap;
+using android::sp;
+using android::status_t;
+using android::OK;
+
+int main() {
+    configureRpcThreadpool(1, true);
+
+    sp<ISap> sap = new Sap;
+    status_t status = sap->registerAsService();
+    ALOGW_IF(status != OK, "Could not register ISap v1.2");
+    ALOGD("Default service is ready.");
+
+    joinRpcThreadpool();
+    return 1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index ee130f8..9284fd8 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -23,17 +23,15 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier}};
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT, .interval = 60, .specifiers = {specifier}};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -42,9 +40,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.serial);
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan, rspInfo.error = %s\n", toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}));
     }
 }
@@ -53,11 +51,10 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid specifier.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60};
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {.type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+                                                                    .interval = 60};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -67,10 +64,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -80,14 +77,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid interval (lower boundary).
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval1) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 4,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -103,10 +100,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval1, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -116,14 +113,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid interval (upper boundary).
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 301,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -139,10 +136,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval2, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -152,14 +149,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid max search time (lower boundary).
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime1) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 60,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -175,10 +172,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime1, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -188,14 +185,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid max search time (upper boundary).
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 60,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -211,10 +208,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime2, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -224,14 +221,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid periodicity (lower boundary).
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity1) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 60,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -247,10 +244,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity1, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -260,14 +257,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with invalid periodicity (upper boundary).
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 60,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -283,10 +280,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity2, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(
             CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS}));
     }
@@ -296,14 +293,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with valid periodicity
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest1) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 60,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -319,10 +316,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}));
     }
 }
@@ -331,14 +328,14 @@
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() with valid periodicity and plmns
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
         .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
         .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
         .channels = {1,2}};
 
-    V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
         .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
         .interval = 60,
         .specifiers = {specifier},
@@ -355,10 +352,10 @@
 
     ALOGI("startNetworkScan_InvalidArgument, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
                                      {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error, {RadioError::NONE}));
     }
 }
@@ -367,10 +364,10 @@
  * Test IRadio.setIndicationFilter_1_2()
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setIndicationFilter_1_2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    Return<void> res =
-        radio_v1_2->setIndicationFilter_1_2(serial, static_cast<int>(IndicationFilter::ALL));
+    Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setIndicationFilter_1_2(
+        serial, static_cast<int>(::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IndicationFilter::ALL));
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -385,12 +382,12 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria() with invalid hysteresisDb
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_invalidHysteresisDb) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
         serial, 5000,
         10,  // hysteresisDb too large given threshold list deltas
-        {-109, -103, -97, -89}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+        {-109, -103, -97, -89}, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -405,10 +402,10 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria() with empty parameters
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_EmptyParams) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(serial, 0, 0, {},
-                                                                      V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+    Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
+        serial, 0, 0, {}, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -423,10 +420,11 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria() for GERAN
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_Geran) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
-        serial, 5000, 2, {-109, -103, -97, -89}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+        serial, 5000, 2, {-109, -103, -97, -89},
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -441,10 +439,11 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria() for UTRAN
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_Utran) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
-        serial, 5000, 2, {-110, -97, -73, -49, -25}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::UTRAN);
+        serial, 5000, 2, {-110, -97, -73, -49, -25},
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::UTRAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -459,10 +458,11 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria() for EUTRAN
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_Eutran) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
-        serial, 5000, 2, {-140, -128, -118, -108, -98, -44}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::EUTRAN);
+        serial, 5000, 2, {-140, -128, -118, -108, -98, -44},
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::EUTRAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -477,10 +477,11 @@
  * Test IRadio.setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria() for CDMA2000
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria_Cdma2000) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setSignalStrengthReportingCriteria(
-        serial, 5000, 2, {-105, -90, -75, -65}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::CDMA2000);
+        serial, 5000, 2, {-105, -90, -75, -65},
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::CDMA2000);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -495,12 +496,13 @@
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria() invalid hysteresisDlKbps
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_invalidHysteresisDlKbps) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(
         serial, 5000,
         5000,  // hysteresisDlKbps too big for thresholds delta
-        100, {1000, 5000, 10000, 20000}, {500, 1000, 5000, 10000}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+        100, {1000, 5000, 10000, 20000}, {500, 1000, 5000, 10000},
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -515,12 +517,13 @@
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria() invalid hysteresisUlKbps
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_invalidHysteresisUlKbps) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(
         serial, 5000, 500,
         1000,  // hysteresisUlKbps too big for thresholds delta
-        {1000, 5000, 10000, 20000}, {500, 1000, 5000, 10000}, V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+        {1000, 5000, 10000, 20000}, {500, 1000, 5000, 10000},
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -535,10 +538,10 @@
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria() empty params
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_emptyParams) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(serial, 0, 0, 0, {}, {},
-                                                                    V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+    Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(
+        serial, 0, 0, 0, {}, {}, ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -553,11 +556,11 @@
  * Test IRadio.setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria() GERAN
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria_Geran) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->setLinkCapacityReportingCriteria(
         serial, 5000, 500, 100, {1000, 5000, 10000, 20000}, {500, 1000, 5000, 10000},
-        V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::GERAN);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
     EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
@@ -572,9 +575,10 @@
  * Test IRadio.setupDataCall_1_2() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, setupDataCall_1_2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    V1_2::AccessNetwork accessNetwork = V1_2::AccessNetwork::EUTRAN;
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork accessNetwork =
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::AccessNetwork::EUTRAN;
 
     DataProfileInfo dataProfileInfo;
     memset(&dataProfileInfo, 0, sizeof(dataProfileInfo));
@@ -600,7 +604,8 @@
     bool roamingAllowed = false;
     bool isRoaming = false;
 
-    V1_2::DataRequestReason reason = V1_2::DataRequestReason::NORMAL;
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason reason =
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason::NORMAL;
     std::vector<hidl_string> addresses = {""};
     std::vector<hidl_string> dnses = {""};
 
@@ -613,12 +618,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.serial);
 
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
             radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
             {RadioError::SIM_ABSENT, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
              RadioError::OP_NOT_ALLOWED_BEFORE_REG_TO_NW, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
             radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
@@ -630,9 +635,10 @@
  * Test IRadio.deactivateDataCall_1_2() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, deactivateDataCall_1_2) {
-    const int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
     int cid = 1;
-    V1_2::DataRequestReason reason = V1_2::DataRequestReason::NORMAL;
+    ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason reason =
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRequestReason::NORMAL;
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->deactivateDataCall_1_2(serial, cid, reason);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -641,13 +647,13 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.serial);
 
-    if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
+    if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::ABSENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
             radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID,
              RadioError::INVALID_STATE, RadioError::INVALID_ARGUMENTS,
              RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED, RadioError::CANCELLED, RadioError::SIM_ABSENT}));
-    } else if (cardStatus.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
+    } else if (cardStatus.base.cardState == CardState::PRESENT) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
             radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
             {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::INVALID_CALL_ID,
@@ -710,3 +716,33 @@
         radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
         {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::NOT_PROVISIONED}));
 }
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.getAvailableBandModes() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, getAvailableBandModes) {
+    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->getAvailableBandModes(serial);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.serial);
+    ALOGI("getAvailableBandModes, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
+          toString(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error).c_str());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(
+        CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error,
+                         {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR,
+                          RadioError::INTERNAL_ERR,
+                          // If REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED is returned, then it should also be returned
+                          // for setRandMode().
+                          RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
+    bool hasUnspecifiedBandMode = false;
+    if (radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error == RadioError::NONE) {
+        for (const RadioBandMode& mode : radioRsp_v1_2->radioBandModes) {
+            // Automatic mode selection must be supported
+            if (mode == RadioBandMode::BAND_MODE_UNSPECIFIED) hasUnspecifiedBandMode = true;
+        }
+        ASSERT_TRUE(hasUnspecifiedBandMode);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index d74d077..b34f138 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -17,14 +17,18 @@
 #include <radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_2.h>
 
 void RadioHidlTest_v1_2::SetUp() {
-    radio_v1_2 = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<V1_2::IRadio>(
-        RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<V1_2::IRadio>(
-            hidl_string(RADIO_SERVICE_NAME)));
+    radio_v1_2 =
+        ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio>(
+            RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()
+                ->getServiceName<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio>(
+                    hidl_string(RADIO_SERVICE_NAME)));
     if (radio_v1_2 == NULL) {
         sleep(60);
-        radio_v1_2 = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<V1_2::IRadio>(
-            RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<V1_2::IRadio>(
-                hidl_string(RADIO_SERVICE_NAME)));
+        radio_v1_2 = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<
+            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio>(
+            RadioHidlEnvironment::Instance()
+                ->getServiceName<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio>(
+                    hidl_string(RADIO_SERVICE_NAME)));
     }
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, radio_v1_2.get());
 
@@ -38,21 +42,24 @@
 
     radio_v1_2->setResponseFunctions(radioRsp_v1_2, radioInd_v1_2);
 
-    int serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
-    radio_v1_2->getIccCardStatus(serial);
-    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    updateSimCardStatus();
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.type);
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.serial);
     EXPECT_EQ(RadioError::NONE, radioRsp_v1_2->rspInfo.error);
+
+    /* Enforce Vts Testing with Sim Status Present only. */
+    EXPECT_EQ(CardState::PRESENT, cardStatus.base.cardState);
 }
 
 /*
  * Notify that the response message is received.
  */
-void RadioHidlTest_v1_2::notify() {
+void RadioHidlTest_v1_2::notify(int receivedSerial) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
-    count_++;
-    cv_.notify_one();
+    if (serial == receivedSerial) {
+        count_++;
+        cv_.notify_one();
+    }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -72,3 +79,9 @@
     count_--;
     return status;
 }
+
+void RadioHidlTest_v1_2::updateSimCardStatus() {
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+    radio_v1_2->getIccCardStatus(serial);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_2.h b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_2.h
index c61913c..4712202 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_2.h
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_2.h
@@ -22,14 +22,14 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
 
-#include <android/hardware/radio/1.1/IRadioIndication.h>
-#include <android/hardware/radio/1.1/IRadioResponse.h>
 #include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadio.h>
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadioIndication.h>
+#include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/IRadioResponse.h>
 #include <android/hardware/radio/1.2/types.h>
 
 #include "vts_test_util.h"
 
-using namespace ::android::hardware::radio;
+using namespace ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2;
 using namespace ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1;
 using namespace ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0;
 
@@ -44,21 +44,24 @@
 #define RADIO_SERVICE_NAME "slot1"
 
 class RadioHidlTest_v1_2;
-extern CardStatus cardStatus;
+extern ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CardStatus cardStatus;
 
 /* Callback class for radio response v1_2*/
-class RadioResponse_v1_2 : public V1_1::IRadioResponse {
+class RadioResponse_v1_2 : public ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadioResponse {
    protected:
     RadioHidlTest_v1_2& parent_v1_2;
 
    public:
+    hidl_vec<RadioBandMode> radioBandModes;
+
     RadioResponseInfo rspInfo;
 
     RadioResponse_v1_2(RadioHidlTest_v1_2& parent_v1_2);
     virtual ~RadioResponse_v1_2() = default;
 
-    Return<void> getIccCardStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                          const CardStatus& cardStatus);
+    Return<void> getIccCardStatusResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardStatus& cardStatus);
 
     Return<void> supplyIccPinForAppResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                             int32_t remainingRetries);
@@ -81,8 +84,9 @@
     Return<void> supplyNetworkDepersonalizationResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                         int32_t remainingRetries);
 
-    Return<void> getCurrentCallsResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                         const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<Call>& calls);
+    Return<void> getCurrentCallsResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::Call>& calls);
 
     Return<void> dialResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info);
 
@@ -104,14 +108,17 @@
     Return<void> getLastCallFailCauseResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                               const LastCallFailCauseInfo& failCauseInfo);
 
-    Return<void> getSignalStrengthResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                           const SignalStrength& sigStrength);
+    Return<void> getSignalStrengthResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SignalStrength& sigStrength);
 
-    Return<void> getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                                   const VoiceRegStateResult& voiceRegResponse);
+    Return<void> getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::VoiceRegStateResult& voiceRegResponse);
 
-    Return<void> getDataRegistrationStateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                                  const DataRegStateResult& dataRegResponse);
+    Return<void> getDataRegistrationStateResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataRegStateResult& dataRegResponse);
 
     Return<void> getOperatorResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                      const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& longName,
@@ -310,8 +317,9 @@
     Return<void> getVoiceRadioTechnologyResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                  RadioTechnology rat);
 
-    Return<void> getCellInfoListResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                         const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& cellInfo);
+    Return<void> getCellInfoListResponse(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CellInfo>& cellInfo);
 
     Return<void> setCellInfoListRateResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info);
 
@@ -406,27 +414,33 @@
 
     Return<void> setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info);
 
-    Return<void> getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                              const CardStatus& card_status);
+    Return<void> getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CardStatus& card_status);
 
-    Return<void> getCurrentCallsResponse_1_2(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                             const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<Call>& calls);
+    Return<void> getCurrentCallsResponse_1_2(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::Call>& calls);
 
-    Return<void> getSignalStrengthResponse_1_2(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                               const SignalStrength& sig_strength);
+    Return<void> getSignalStrengthResponse_1_2(
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::SignalStrength& sig_strength);
 
     Return<void> getCellInfoListResponse_1_2(
-        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& cellInfo);
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CellInfo>& cellInfo);
 
     Return<void> getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse_1_2(
-        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_2::VoiceRegStateResult& voiceRegResponse);
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::VoiceRegStateResult& voiceRegResponse);
 
     Return<void> getDataRegistrationStateResponse_1_2(
-        const RadioResponseInfo& info, const V1_2::DataRegStateResult& dataRegResponse);
+        const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRegStateResult& dataRegResponse);
 };
 
 /* Callback class for radio indication */
-class RadioIndication_v1_2 : public V1_1::IRadioIndication {
+class RadioIndication_v1_2 : public ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadioIndication {
    protected:
     RadioHidlTest_v1_2& parent_v1_2;
 
@@ -435,26 +449,33 @@
     virtual ~RadioIndication_v1_2() = default;
 
     /* 1.2 Api */
-    Return<void> networkScanResult_1_2(RadioIndicationType type,
-                                       const V1_2::NetworkScanResult& result);
+    Return<void> networkScanResult_1_2(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanResult& result);
 
-    Return<void> cellInfoList_1_2(RadioIndicationType type,
-                                  const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<V1_2::CellInfo>& records);
+    Return<void> cellInfoList_1_2(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CellInfo>& records);
 
-    Return<void> currentLinkCapacityEstimate(RadioIndicationType type,
-                                             const V1_2::LinkCapacityEstimate& lce);
+    Return<void> currentLinkCapacityEstimate(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::LinkCapacityEstimate& lce);
 
     Return<void> currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(
         RadioIndicationType type,
-        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<V1_2::PhysicalChannelConfig>& configs);
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<
+            ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::PhysicalChannelConfig>& configs);
 
-    Return<void> currentSignalStrength_1_2(RadioIndicationType type,
-                                           const V1_2::SignalStrength& signalStrength);
+    Return<void> currentSignalStrength_1_2(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::SignalStrength& signalStrength);
 
     /* 1.1 Api */
     Return<void> carrierInfoForImsiEncryption(RadioIndicationType info);
 
-    Return<void> networkScanResult(RadioIndicationType type, const NetworkScanResult& result);
+    Return<void> networkScanResult(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::NetworkScanResult& result);
 
     Return<void> keepaliveStatus(RadioIndicationType type, const KeepaliveStatus& status);
 
@@ -480,8 +501,9 @@
                                   const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& nitzTime,
                                   uint64_t receivedTime);
 
-    Return<void> currentSignalStrength(RadioIndicationType type,
-                                       const SignalStrength& signalStrength);
+    Return<void> currentSignalStrength(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SignalStrength& signalStrength);
 
     Return<void> dataCallListChanged(
         RadioIndicationType type, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<SetupDataCallResult>& dcList);
@@ -539,8 +561,9 @@
 
     Return<void> voiceRadioTechChanged(RadioIndicationType type, RadioTechnology rat);
 
-    Return<void> cellInfoList(RadioIndicationType type,
-                              const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& records);
+    Return<void> cellInfoList(
+        RadioIndicationType type,
+        const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CellInfo>& records);
 
     Return<void> imsNetworkStateChanged(RadioIndicationType type);
 
@@ -575,7 +598,9 @@
         static RadioHidlEnvironment* instance = new RadioHidlEnvironment;
         return instance;
     }
-    virtual void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<V1_2::IRadio>(); }
+    virtual void registerTestServices() override {
+        registerTestService<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio>();
+    }
 
    private:
     RadioHidlEnvironment() {}
@@ -588,21 +613,27 @@
     std::condition_variable cv_;
     int count_;
 
+    /* Serial number for radio request */
+    int serial;
+
+    /* Update Sim Card Status */
+    void updateSimCardStatus();
+
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override;
 
     /* Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callback */
-    void notify();
+    void notify(int receivedSerial);
 
     /* Test code calls this function to wait for response */
     std::cv_status wait();
 
     /* radio service handle */
-    sp<V1_2::IRadio> radio_v1_2;
+    sp<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::IRadio> radio_v1_2;
 
     /* radio response handle */
     sp<RadioResponse_v1_2> radioRsp_v1_2;
 
     /* radio indication handle */
     sp<RadioIndication_v1_2> radioInd_v1_2;
-};
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_indication.cpp b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_indication.cpp
index 57f5cb0..eba9dc0 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_indication.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_indication.cpp
@@ -20,29 +20,33 @@
 
 /* 1.2 Apis */
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::networkScanResult_1_2(
-    RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const V1_2::NetworkScanResult& /*result*/) {
+    RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanResult& /*result*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::cellInfoList_1_2(
     RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
-    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<V1_2::CellInfo>& /*records*/) {
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CellInfo>& /*records*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::currentLinkCapacityEstimate(
-    RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const V1_2::LinkCapacityEstimate& /*lce*/) {
+    RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::LinkCapacityEstimate& /*lce*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::currentPhysicalChannelConfigs(
     RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
-    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<V1_2::PhysicalChannelConfig>& /*configs*/) {
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<
+        ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::PhysicalChannelConfig>& /*configs*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::currentSignalStrength_1_2(
-    RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const V1_2::SignalStrength& /*signalStrength*/) {
+    RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::SignalStrength& /*signalStrength*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -51,8 +55,9 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
-Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::networkScanResult(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
-                                                     const NetworkScanResult& /*result*/) {
+Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::networkScanResult(
+    RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_1::NetworkScanResult& /*result*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -101,8 +106,9 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
-Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::currentSignalStrength(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
-                                                         const SignalStrength& /*signalStrength*/) {
+Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::currentSignalStrength(
+    RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SignalStrength& /*signalStrength*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +230,8 @@
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::cellInfoList(
-    RadioIndicationType /*type*/, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& /*records*/) {
+    RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CellInfo>& /*records*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -276,4 +283,4 @@
 Return<void> RadioIndication_v1_2::modemReset(RadioIndicationType /*type*/,
                                               const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& /*reason*/) {
     return Void();
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
index 9195689..f6bead2 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_response.cpp
@@ -16,13 +16,14 @@
 
 #include <radio_hidl_hal_utils_v1_2.h>
 
-CardStatus cardStatus;
+::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CardStatus cardStatus;
 
 RadioResponse_v1_2::RadioResponse_v1_2(RadioHidlTest_v1_2& parent) : parent_v1_2(parent) {}
 
 /* 1.0 Apis */
-Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getIccCardStatusResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
-                                                          const CardStatus& /*card_status*/) {
+Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getIccCardStatusResponse(
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CardStatus& /*card_status*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -62,7 +63,8 @@
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getCurrentCallsResponse(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<Call>& /*calls*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::Call>& /*calls*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -107,18 +109,21 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
-Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getSignalStrengthResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
-                                                           const SignalStrength& /*sig_strength*/) {
+Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getSignalStrengthResponse(
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::SignalStrength& /*sig_strength*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const VoiceRegStateResult& /*voiceRegResponse*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::VoiceRegStateResult& /*voiceRegResponse*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getDataRegistrationStateResponse(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const DataRegStateResult& /*dataRegResponse*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::DataRegStateResult& /*dataRegResponse*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +155,7 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::setupDataCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
                                                        const SetupDataCallResult& /*dcResponse*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +211,7 @@
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::deactivateDataCallResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -312,8 +317,10 @@
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getAvailableBandModesResponse(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
-    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<RadioBandMode>& /*bandModes*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<RadioBandMode>& bandModes) {
+    rspInfo = info;
+    radioBandModes = bandModes;
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -515,7 +522,7 @@
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getCellInfoListResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
-    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& /*cellInfo*/) {
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_0::CellInfo>& /*cellInfo*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -670,13 +677,13 @@
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::startNetworkScanResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::stopNetworkScanResponse(const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -693,52 +700,58 @@
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::setSignalStrengthReportingCriteriaResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::setLinkCapacityReportingCriteriaResponse(
     const RadioResponseInfo& info) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
-Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2(const RadioResponseInfo& info,
-                                                              const CardStatus& card_status) {
+Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getIccCardStatusResponse_1_2(
+    const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CardStatus& card_status) {
     rspInfo = info;
     cardStatus = card_status;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getCurrentCallsResponse_1_2(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<Call>& /*calls*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::Call>& /*calls*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getSignalStrengthResponse_1_2(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& info, const SignalStrength& /*sig_strength*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::SignalStrength& /*sig_strength*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getCellInfoListResponse_1_2(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& info, const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<CellInfo>& /*cellInfo*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& info,
+    const ::android::hardware::hidl_vec<::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CellInfo>& /*cellInfo*/) {
     rspInfo = info;
-    parent_v1_2.notify();
+    parent_v1_2.notify(info.serial);
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getVoiceRegistrationStateResponse_1_2(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const V1_2::VoiceRegStateResult& /*voiceRegResponse*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::VoiceRegStateResult& /*voiceRegResponse*/) {
     return Void();
 }
 
 Return<void> RadioResponse_v1_2::getDataRegistrationStateResponse_1_2(
-    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/, const V1_2::DataRegStateResult& /*dataRegResponse*/) {
+    const RadioResponseInfo& /*info*/,
+    const ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::DataRegStateResult& /*dataRegResponse*/) {
     return Void();
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalSensorsV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalSensorsV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index 24b58a7..c18eedd 100644
--- a/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalSensorsV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/sensors/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalSensorsV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -956,6 +956,7 @@
                                              std::chrono::seconds duration,
                                              const SensorEventsChecker &checker) {
   std::vector<Event> events;
+  std::vector<Event> sensorEvents;
 
   const int64_t samplingPeriodInNs = samplingPeriod.count();
   const int64_t batchingPeriodInNs = 0; // no batching
@@ -985,7 +986,6 @@
 
   ASSERT_GT(events.size(), 0u);
 
-  size_t nRealEvent = 0;
   bool handleMismatchReported = false;
   bool metaSensorTypeErrorReported = false;
   for (auto & e : events) {
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@
             << (handleMismatchReported = true,
                 "Event of the same type must come from the sensor registered");
       }
-      ++ nRealEvent;
+      sensorEvents.push_back(e);
     } else {
       // avoid generating hundreds of error
       if (!metaSensorTypeErrorReported) {
@@ -1008,9 +1008,10 @@
   }
 
   std::string s;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(checker.check(events, &s)) << s;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(checker.check(sensorEvents, &s)) << s;
 
-  EXPECT_GE(nRealEvent, minNEvent / 2); // make sure returned events are not all meta
+  EXPECT_GE(sensorEvents.size(),
+            minNEvent / 2);  // make sure returned events are not all meta
 }
 
 // Test if sensor hal can do UI speed accelerometer streaming properly
@@ -1367,16 +1368,24 @@
   bool typeErrorReported = false;
   bool tokenErrorReported = false;
   bool timestampErrorReported = false;
+  std::vector<Event> sensorEvents;
   for (auto &e : events) {
-    if (!typeErrorReported) {
-      EXPECT_EQ(type, e.sensorType)
-          << (typeErrorReported = true, "Type in event does not match type of sensor registered.");
-    }
     if (!tokenErrorReported) {
       EXPECT_EQ(eventToken, e.sensorHandle)
           << (tokenErrorReported = true,
             "Event token does not match that retured from configDirectReport");
     }
+
+    if (isMetaSensorType(e.sensorType)) {
+        continue;
+    }
+    sensorEvents.push_back(e);
+
+    if (!typeErrorReported) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(type, e.sensorType)
+          << (typeErrorReported = true,
+              "Type in event does not match type of sensor registered.");
+    }
     if (!timestampErrorReported) {
       EXPECT_GT(e.timestamp, lastTimestamp)
           << (timestampErrorReported = true, "Timestamp not monotonically increasing");
@@ -1385,7 +1394,7 @@
   }
 
   std::string s;
-  EXPECT_TRUE(checker.check(events, &s)) << s;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(checker.check(sensorEvents, &s)) << s;
 
   // stop sensor and unregister channel
   configDirectReport(sensor.sensorHandle, channelHandle, RateLevel::STOP,
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
index 0c5bd45..d16f1e7 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -88,7 +88,10 @@
     uint32_t configureChipForStaIfaceAndGetCapabilities() {
         configureChipForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA, true);
         const auto& status_and_caps = HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_chip_, getCapabilities);
-        EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status_and_caps.first.code);
+        if (status_and_caps.first.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, status_and_caps.first.code);
+            return 0;
+        }
         return status_and_caps.second;
     }
 
@@ -193,7 +196,10 @@
 TEST_F(WifiChipHidlTest, GetCapabilities) {
     configureChipForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA, true);
     const auto& status_and_caps = HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_chip_, getCapabilities);
-    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status_and_caps.first.code);
+    if (status_and_caps.first.code != WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, status_and_caps.first.code);
+        return;
+    }
     EXPECT_NE(0u, status_and_caps.second);
 }
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_chip.cpp b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_chip.cpp
index dcd0a3c..ab96ef1 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_chip.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_chip.cpp
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 constexpr char kCpioMagic[] = "070701";
 constexpr size_t kMaxBufferSizeBytes = 1024 * 1024;
 constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBufferFileAgeSeconds = 60 * 60;
+constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBufferFileNum = 20;
 constexpr char kTombstoneFolderPath[] = "/data/vendor/tombstones/wifi/";
 
 template <typename Iface>
@@ -104,7 +105,9 @@
     return buffer.data();
 }
 
-// delete files older than a predefined time in the wifi tombstone dir
+// delete files that meet either conditions:
+// 1. older than a predefined time in the wifi tombstone dir.
+// 2. Files in excess to a predefined amount, starting from the oldest ones
 bool removeOldFilesInternal() {
     time_t now = time(0);
     const time_t delete_files_before = now - kMaxRingBufferFileAgeSeconds;
@@ -116,6 +119,7 @@
     unique_fd dir_auto_closer(dirfd(dir_dump));
     struct dirent* dp;
     bool success = true;
+    std::list<std::pair<const time_t, std::string>> valid_files;
     while ((dp = readdir(dir_dump))) {
         if (dp->d_type != DT_REG) {
             continue;
@@ -129,12 +133,23 @@
             success = false;
             continue;
         }
-        if (cur_file_stat.st_mtime >= delete_files_before) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (unlink(cur_file_path.c_str()) != 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Error deleting file " << strerror(errno);
-            success = false;
+        const time_t cur_file_time = cur_file_stat.st_mtime;
+        valid_files.push_back(
+            std::pair<const time_t, std::string>(cur_file_time, cur_file_path));
+    }
+    valid_files.sort();  // sort the list of files by last modified time from
+                         // small to big.
+    uint32_t cur_file_count = valid_files.size();
+    for (auto cur_file : valid_files) {
+        if (cur_file_count > kMaxRingBufferFileNum ||
+            cur_file.first < delete_files_before) {
+            if (unlink(cur_file.second.c_str()) != 0) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Error deleting file " << strerror(errno);
+                success = false;
+            }
+            cur_file_count--;
+        } else {
+            break;
         }
     }
     return success;
@@ -309,6 +324,9 @@
 }
 
 void WifiChip::invalidate() {
+    if (!writeRingbufferFilesInternal()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error writing files to flash";
+    }
     invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces();
     legacy_hal_.reset();
     event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp
index 535e3d3..566d36e 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.cpp
@@ -427,7 +427,8 @@
                 return;
             }
 
-            for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+            for (const auto& callback :
+                 shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks_1_2()) {
                 if (!callback->eventDataPathConfirm_1_2(hidl_struct).isOk()) {
                     LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
                 }
@@ -483,7 +484,7 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks()) {
+        for (const auto& callback : shared_ptr_this->getEventCallbacks_1_2()) {
             if (!callback->eventDataPathScheduleUpdate(hidl_struct).isOk()) {
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke the callback";
             }
@@ -507,6 +508,7 @@
 
     legacy_hal_.reset();
     event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
+    event_cb_handler_1_2_.invalidate();
     is_valid_ = false;
 }
 
@@ -514,10 +516,16 @@
 
 std::string WifiNanIface::getName() { return ifname_; }
 
-std::set<sp<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> WifiNanIface::getEventCallbacks() {
+std::set<sp<V1_0::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>>
+WifiNanIface::getEventCallbacks() {
     return event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks();
 }
 
+std::set<sp<V1_2::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>>
+WifiNanIface::getEventCallbacks_1_2() {
+    return event_cb_handler_1_2_.getCallbacks();
+}
+
 Return<void> WifiNanIface::getName(getName_cb hidl_status_cb) {
     return validateAndCall(this, WifiStatusCode::ERROR_WIFI_IFACE_INVALID,
                            &WifiNanIface::getNameInternal, hidl_status_cb);
@@ -681,8 +689,11 @@
 }
 
 WifiStatus WifiNanIface::registerEventCallbackInternal(
-    const sp<V1_0::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& /*callback*/) {
-    return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+    const sp<V1_0::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback) {
+    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(callback)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
 }
 
 WifiStatus WifiNanIface::getCapabilitiesRequestInternal(uint16_t cmd_id) {
@@ -808,8 +819,12 @@
 }
 
 WifiStatus WifiNanIface::registerEventCallback_1_2Internal(
-    const sp<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback) {
-    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(callback)) {
+    const sp<V1_2::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback) {
+    sp<V1_0::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback> callback_1_0 = callback;
+    if (!event_cb_handler_.addCallback(callback_1_0)) {
+        return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+    if (!event_cb_handler_1_2_.addCallback(callback)) {
         return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_UNKNOWN);
     }
     return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.h b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.h
index a2dcf3a..dba527b 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.h
+++ b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_nan_iface.h
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
                                                 uint32_t ndpInstanceId);
 
     WifiStatus registerEventCallback_1_2Internal(
-        const sp<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback);
+        const sp<V1_2::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>& callback);
     WifiStatus enableRequest_1_2Internal(
         uint16_t cmd_id, const NanEnableRequest& msg1,
         const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& msg2);
@@ -140,13 +140,18 @@
         uint16_t cmd_id, const NanConfigRequest& msg,
         const NanConfigRequestSupplemental& msg2);
 
-    std::set<sp<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks();
+    // all 1_0 and descendant callbacks
+    std::set<sp<V1_0::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks();
+    // all 1_2 and descendant callbacks
+    std::set<sp<V1_2::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>> getEventCallbacks_1_2();
 
     std::string ifname_;
     std::weak_ptr<legacy_hal::WifiLegacyHal> legacy_hal_;
     bool is_valid_;
-    hidl_callback_util::HidlCallbackHandler<IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>
+    hidl_callback_util::HidlCallbackHandler<V1_0::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>
         event_cb_handler_;
+    hidl_callback_util::HidlCallbackHandler<V1_2::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback>
+        event_cb_handler_1_2_;
 
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(WifiNanIface);
 };
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 918e4a4..c5a6e84 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -29,3 +29,18 @@
         "android.hardware.wifi@1.2",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalWifiNanV1_2TargetTest",
+    defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiV1_2TargetTest.cpp",
+        "wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalWifiV1_0TargetTestUtil",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.wifi@1.2",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc36fae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_nan_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Nanache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.2/IWifiNanIface.h>
+#include <android/hardware/wifi/1.2/IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback.h>
+
+#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "wifi_hidl_call_util.h"
+#include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
+
+using namespace ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0;
+using namespace ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2;
+
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+using ::android::sp;
+
+#define TIMEOUT_PERIOD 10
+
+android::sp<android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::IWifiNanIface>
+getWifiNanIface_1_2() {
+    return android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::IWifiNanIface::castFrom(
+        getWifiNanIface());
+}
+
+/**
+ * Fixture to use for all NAN Iface HIDL interface tests.
+ */
+class WifiNanIfaceHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+   public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        iwifiNanIface = getWifiNanIface_1_2();
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, iwifiNanIface.get());
+        ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS,
+                  HIDL_INVOKE(iwifiNanIface, registerEventCallback_1_2,
+                              new WifiNanIfaceEventCallback(*this))
+                      .code);
+    }
+
+    virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
+
+    /* Used as a mechanism to inform the test about data/event callback */
+    inline void notify() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+        count_++;
+        cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    enum CallbackType {
+        INVALID = -2,
+        ANY_CALLBACK = -1,
+
+        NOTIFY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE = 0,
+        NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_DISABLE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_START_PUBLISH_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_STOP_PUBLISH_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_START_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_STOP_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_CREATE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_DELETE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_INITIATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_RESPOND_TO_DATA_PATH_INDICATION_RESPONSE,
+        NOTIFY_TERMINATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE,
+
+        EVENT_CLUSTER_EVENT,
+        EVENT_DISABLED,
+        EVENT_PUBLISH_TERMINATED,
+        EVENT_SUBSCRIBE_TERMINATED,
+        EVENT_MATCH,
+        EVENT_MATCH_EXPIRED,
+        EVENT_FOLLOWUP_RECEIVED,
+        EVENT_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_REQUEST,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_CONFIRM,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_TERMINATED,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_CONFIRM_1_2,
+        EVENT_DATA_PATH_SCHEDULE_UPDATE
+    };
+
+    /* Test code calls this function to wait for data/event callback */
+    inline std::cv_status wait(CallbackType waitForCallbackType) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
+
+        EXPECT_NE(INVALID, waitForCallbackType);  // can't ASSERT in a
+                                                  // non-void-returning method
+
+        callbackType = INVALID;
+        std::cv_status status = std::cv_status::no_timeout;
+        auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        while (count_ == 0) {
+            status = cv_.wait_until(lock,
+                                    now + std::chrono::seconds(TIMEOUT_PERIOD));
+            if (status == std::cv_status::timeout) return status;
+            if (waitForCallbackType != ANY_CALLBACK &&
+                callbackType != INVALID &&
+                callbackType != waitForCallbackType) {
+                count_--;
+            }
+        }
+        count_--;
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    class WifiNanIfaceEventCallback
+        : public ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback {
+        WifiNanIfaceHidlTest& parent_;
+
+       public:
+        WifiNanIfaceEventCallback(WifiNanIfaceHidlTest& parent)
+            : parent_(parent){};
+
+        virtual ~WifiNanIfaceEventCallback() = default;
+
+        Return<void> notifyCapabilitiesResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status,
+            const NanCapabilities& capabilities) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_CAPABILITIES_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+            parent_.capabilities = capabilities;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyEnableResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyConfigResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyDisableResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_DISABLE_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyStartPublishResponse(uint16_t id,
+                                                const WifiNanStatus& status,
+                                                uint8_t sessionId) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_START_PUBLISH_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+            parent_.sessionId = sessionId;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyStopPublishResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_STOP_PUBLISH_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyStartSubscribeResponse(uint16_t id,
+                                                  const WifiNanStatus& status,
+                                                  uint8_t sessionId) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_START_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+            parent_.sessionId = sessionId;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyStopSubscribeResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_STOP_SUBSCRIBE_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyTransmitFollowupResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyCreateDataInterfaceResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_CREATE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyDeleteDataInterfaceResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_DELETE_DATA_INTERFACE_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyInitiateDataPathResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status,
+            uint32_t ndpInstanceId) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_INITIATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+            parent_.ndpInstanceId = ndpInstanceId;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyRespondToDataPathIndicationResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType =
+                NOTIFY_RESPOND_TO_DATA_PATH_INDICATION_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> notifyTerminateDataPathResponse(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = NOTIFY_TERMINATE_DATA_PATH_RESPONSE;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventClusterEvent(
+            const NanClusterEventInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_CLUSTER_EVENT;
+
+            parent_.nanClusterEventInd = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventDisabled(const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_DISABLED;
+
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventPublishTerminated(
+            uint8_t sessionId, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_PUBLISH_TERMINATED;
+
+            parent_.sessionId = sessionId;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventSubscribeTerminated(
+            uint8_t sessionId, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_SUBSCRIBE_TERMINATED;
+
+            parent_.sessionId = sessionId;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventMatch(const NanMatchInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_MATCH;
+
+            parent_.nanMatchInd = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventMatchExpired(uint8_t discoverySessionId,
+                                       uint32_t peerId) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_MATCH_EXPIRED;
+
+            parent_.sessionId = discoverySessionId;
+            parent_.peerId = peerId;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventFollowupReceived(
+            const NanFollowupReceivedInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_FOLLOWUP_RECEIVED;
+
+            parent_.nanFollowupReceivedInd = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventTransmitFollowup(
+            uint16_t id, const WifiNanStatus& status) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_TRANSMIT_FOLLOWUP;
+
+            parent_.id = id;
+            parent_.status = status;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventDataPathRequest(
+            const NanDataPathRequestInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_DATA_PATH_REQUEST;
+
+            parent_.nanDataPathRequestInd = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventDataPathConfirm(
+            const ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::NanDataPathConfirmInd& event)
+            override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_DATA_PATH_CONFIRM;
+
+            parent_.nanDataPathConfirmInd = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventDataPathTerminated(uint32_t ndpInstanceId) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_DATA_PATH_TERMINATED;
+
+            parent_.ndpInstanceId = ndpInstanceId;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventDataPathConfirm_1_2(
+            const ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::NanDataPathConfirmInd& event)
+            override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_DATA_PATH_CONFIRM_1_2;
+
+            parent_.nanDataPathConfirmInd_1_2 = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        Return<void> eventDataPathScheduleUpdate(
+            const NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd& event) override {
+            parent_.callbackType = EVENT_DATA_PATH_SCHEDULE_UPDATE;
+
+            parent_.nanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd = event;
+
+            parent_.notify();
+            return Void();
+        }
+    };
+
+   private:
+    // synchronization objects
+    std::mutex mtx_;
+    std::condition_variable cv_;
+    int count_;
+
+   protected:
+    android::sp<::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::IWifiNanIface> iwifiNanIface;
+
+    // Data from IWifiNanIfaceEventCallback callbacks: this is the collection of
+    // all arguments to all callbacks. They are set by the callback
+    // (notifications or events) and can be retrieved by tests.
+    CallbackType callbackType;
+    uint16_t id;
+    WifiNanStatus status;
+    NanCapabilities capabilities;
+    uint8_t sessionId;
+    uint32_t ndpInstanceId;
+    NanClusterEventInd nanClusterEventInd;
+    NanMatchInd nanMatchInd;
+    uint32_t peerId;
+    NanFollowupReceivedInd nanFollowupReceivedInd;
+    NanDataPathRequestInd nanDataPathRequestInd;
+    ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::NanDataPathConfirmInd
+        nanDataPathConfirmInd;
+    ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::NanDataPathConfirmInd
+        nanDataPathConfirmInd_1_2;
+    NanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd nanDataPathScheduleUpdateInd;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Create:
+ * Ensures that an instance of the IWifiNanIface proxy object is
+ * successfully created.
+ */
+TEST(WifiNanIfaceHidlTestNoFixture, Create) {
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, getWifiNanIface_1_2().get());
+    stopWifi();
+}
+
+/*
+ * enableRequest_1_2InvalidArgs: validate that fails with invalid arguments
+ */
+TEST_F(WifiNanIfaceHidlTest, enableRequest_1_2InvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanEnableRequest nanEnableRequest = {};
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS,
+              HIDL_INVOKE(iwifiNanIface, enableRequest_1_2, inputCmdId,
+                          nanEnableRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp)
+                  .code);
+    // wait for a callback
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_ENABLE_RESPONSE, callbackType);
+    ASSERT_EQ(id, inputCmdId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.status, NanStatusType::INVALID_ARGS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * enableRequest_1_2ShimInvalidArgs: validate that fails with invalid arguments
+ * to the shim
+ */
+TEST_F(WifiNanIfaceHidlTest, enableRequest_1_2ShimInvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanEnableRequest nanEnableRequest = {};
+    nanEnableRequest.configParams.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon =
+        128;  // must be <= 127
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+              HIDL_INVOKE(iwifiNanIface, enableRequest_1_2, inputCmdId,
+                          nanEnableRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp)
+                  .code);
+}
+
+/*
+ * configRequest_1_2InvalidArgs: validate that fails with invalid arguments
+ */
+TEST_F(WifiNanIfaceHidlTest, configRequest_1_2InvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanConfigRequest nanConfigRequest = {};
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS,
+              HIDL_INVOKE(iwifiNanIface, configRequest_1_2, inputCmdId,
+                          nanConfigRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp)
+                  .code);
+    // wait for a callback
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait(NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE));
+    ASSERT_EQ(NOTIFY_CONFIG_RESPONSE, callbackType);
+    ASSERT_EQ(id, inputCmdId);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status.status, NanStatusType::INVALID_ARGS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * configRequest_1_2ShimInvalidArgs: validate that fails with invalid arguments
+ * to the shim
+ */
+TEST_F(WifiNanIfaceHidlTest, configRequest_1_2ShimInvalidArgs) {
+    uint16_t inputCmdId = 10;
+    NanConfigRequest nanConfigRequest = {};
+    nanConfigRequest.numberOfPublishServiceIdsInBeacon = 128;  // must be <= 127
+    NanConfigRequestSupplemental nanConfigRequestSupp = {};
+    ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_INVALID_ARGS,
+              HIDL_INVOKE(iwifiNanIface, configRequest_1_2, inputCmdId,
+                          nanConfigRequest, nanConfigRequestSupp)
+                  .code);
+}
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp
index fd4a671..92f5d14 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.2/vts/functional/wifi_sta_iface_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <numeric>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include <android/hardware/wifi/1.2/IWifiStaIface.h>
@@ -24,8 +27,9 @@
 #include "wifi_hidl_test_utils.h"
 
 using ::android::sp;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::IWifiStaIface;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::CommandId;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::WifiStatusCode;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_2::IWifiStaIface;
 
 /**
  * Fixture to use for all STA Iface HIDL interface tests.
@@ -40,6 +44,13 @@
     virtual void TearDown() override { stopWifi(); }
 
    protected:
+    bool isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask cap_mask) {
+        const auto& status_and_caps =
+            HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_sta_iface_, getCapabilities);
+        EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status_and_caps.first.code);
+        return (status_and_caps.second & cap_mask) != 0;
+    }
+
     sp<IWifiStaIface> wifi_sta_iface_;
 };
 
@@ -54,3 +65,45 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS,
               HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_sta_iface_, setMacAddress, kMac).code);
 }
+
+/*
+ * ReadApfPacketFilterData:
+ * Ensures that we can read the APF working memory when supported.
+ *
+ * TODO: Test disabled because we can't even test reading and writing the APF
+ * memory while the interface is in disconnected state (b/73804303#comment25).
+ * There's a pending bug on VTS infra to add such support (b/32974062).
+ * TODO: We can't execute APF opcodes from this test because there's no way
+ * to loop test packets through the wifi firmware (b/73804303#comment29).
+ */
+TEST_F(WifiStaIfaceHidlTest, DISABLED_ReadApfPacketFilterData) {
+    if (!isCapabilitySupported(IWifiStaIface::StaIfaceCapabilityMask::APF)) {
+        // Disable test if APF packet filer is not supported.
+        LOG(WARNING) << "TEST SKIPPED: APF packet filtering not supported";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& status_and_caps =
+        HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_sta_iface_, getApfPacketFilterCapabilities);
+    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status_and_caps.first.code);
+    LOG(WARNING) << "StaApfPacketFilterCapabilities: version="
+                 << status_and_caps.second.version
+                 << " maxLength=" << status_and_caps.second.maxLength;
+
+    const CommandId kCmd = 0;  // Matches what WifiVendorHal.java uses.
+    const uint32_t kDataSize =
+        std::min(status_and_caps.second.maxLength, static_cast<uint32_t>(500));
+
+    // Create a buffer and fill it with some values.
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data(kDataSize);
+    std::iota(data.begin(), data.end(), 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+        HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_sta_iface_, installApfPacketFilter, kCmd, data).code,
+        WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
+    const auto& status_and_data =
+        HIDL_INVOKE(wifi_sta_iface_, readApfPacketFilterData);
+    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status_and_data.first.code);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(status_and_data.second, data);
+}