diff --git a/audio/aidl/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/Android.bp
index 6a0cfa5..3851c0f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -44,9 +44,6 @@
             platform_apis: true,
         },
         ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
             apex_available: [
                 "//apex_available:platform",
                 "com.android.bluetooth",
diff --git a/authsecret/aidl/Android.bp b/authsecret/aidl/Android.bp
index 432c1b9..90e128d 100644
--- a/authsecret/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/authsecret/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/automotive/OWNERS b/automotive/OWNERS
index 43c5f3e..09e257c 100644
--- a/automotive/OWNERS
+++ b/automotive/OWNERS
@@ -1,6 +1 @@
-pirozzoj@google.com
-twasilczyk@google.com
-krachuri@google.com
-gurunagarajan@google.com
-keunyoung@google.com
-felipeal@google.com
+include platform/packages/services/Car:/OWNERS
diff --git a/automotive/audiocontrol/OWNERS b/automotive/audiocontrol/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f55eff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/audiocontrol/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+oscarazu@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/can/OWNERS b/automotive/can/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffa4828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/can/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+kevinme@google.com
+chrisweir@google.com
+twasilczyk@google.com
diff --git a/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/Android.bp b/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/Android.bp
index 26c53fa..1b180d9 100644
--- a/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/occupant_awareness/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/automotive/sv/OWNERS b/automotive/sv/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af6788b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/automotive/sv/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+tanmayp@google.com
diff --git a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp
index 52671b8..aca301c 100644
--- a/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/bluetooth/audio/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -40,9 +40,6 @@
             enabled: false,
         },
         ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
             apex_available: [
                 "//apex_available:platform",
                 "com.android.bluetooth",
diff --git a/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/libboot_control/libboot_control.h b/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/libboot_control/libboot_control.h
index ac17d6d..572a8b6 100644
--- a/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/libboot_control/libboot_control.h
+++ b/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/libboot_control/libboot_control.h
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@
 
 // Helper library to implement the IBootControl HAL using the misc partition.
 class BootControl {
-  using MergeStatus = ::android::hardware::boot::V1_1::MergeStatus;
-
  public:
+  using MergeStatus = ::android::hardware::boot::V1_1::MergeStatus;
   bool Init();
   unsigned int GetNumberSlots();
   unsigned int GetCurrentSlot();
diff --git a/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/private/boot_control_definition.h b/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/private/boot_control_definition.h
index 8f02111..57c2f73 100644
--- a/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/private/boot_control_definition.h
+++ b/boot/1.1/default/boot_control/include/private/boot_control_definition.h
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 
 /**
  * The A/B-specific bootloader message structure (4-KiB).
diff --git a/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp b/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp
index c38f257..05f136e 100644
--- a/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/boot/1.1/vts/functional/VtsHalBootV1_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 /*
+
  * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.1/IBootControl.h>
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.1/types.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
@@ -37,9 +39,21 @@
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_1::MergeStatus;
 using ::testing::Contains;
 
+bool IsVirtualAbEnabled();
+
+#define SKIP_IF_NON_VIRTUAL_AB()                                                        \
+    do {                                                                                \
+        if (!IsVirtualAbEnabled()) GTEST_SKIP() << "Test for Virtual A/B devices only"; \
+    } while (0)
+
+bool IsVirtualAbEnabled() {
+    return android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.virtual_ab.enabled", false);
+}
+
 class BootHidlTest : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
+        SKIP_IF_NON_VIRTUAL_AB();
         boot = IBootControl::getService(GetParam());
         ASSERT_NE(boot, nullptr);
 
diff --git a/boot/aidl/Android.bp b/boot/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be38245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/boot/*.aidl"],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    recovery_available: true,
+    backend: {
+        java: {
+            sdk_version: "module_current",
+        },
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.boot/current/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.aidl b/boot/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.boot/current/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8ab51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.boot/current/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.boot;
+@VintfStability
+interface IBootControl {
+  int getActiveBootSlot();
+  int getCurrentSlot();
+  int getNumberSlots();
+  android.hardware.boot.MergeStatus getSnapshotMergeStatus();
+  String getSuffix(in int slot);
+  boolean isSlotBootable(in int slot);
+  boolean isSlotMarkedSuccessful(in int slot);
+  void markBootSuccessful();
+  void setActiveBootSlot(in int slot);
+  void setSlotAsUnbootable(in int slot);
+  void setSnapshotMergeStatus(in android.hardware.boot.MergeStatus status);
+  const int INVALID_SLOT = -1;
+  const int COMMAND_FAILED = -2;
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.boot/current/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.aidl b/boot/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.boot/current/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53c6204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.boot/current/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.boot;
+@Backing(type="int") @VintfStability
+enum MergeStatus {
+  NONE = 0,
+  UNKNOWN = 1,
+  SNAPSHOTTED = 2,
+  MERGING = 3,
+  CANCELLED = 4,
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.aidl b/boot/aidl/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c9e8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package android.hardware.boot;
+
+import android.hardware.boot.MergeStatus;
+
+@VintfStability
+interface IBootControl {
+    const int INVALID_SLOT = -1;
+    const int COMMAND_FAILED = -2;
+    /**
+     * Returns the active slot to boot into on the next boot. If
+     * setActiveBootSlot() has been called, the getter function should return the
+     * same slot as the one provided in the last setActiveBootSlot() call.
+     * The returned value is always guaranteed to be strictly less than the
+     * value returned by getNumberSlots. Slots start at 0 and finish at
+     * getNumberSlots() - 1. For instance, a system with A/B must return 0 or 1.
+     * @return the active slot to boot into on the next boot.
+     */
+    int getActiveBootSlot();
+
+    /**
+     * getCurrentSlot() returns the slot number of that the current boot is booted
+     * from, for example slot number 0 (Slot A). It is assumed that if the current
+     * slot is A, then the block devices underlying B can be accessed directly
+     * without any risk of corruption.
+     * The returned value is always guaranteed to be strictly less than the
+     * value returned by getNumberSlots. Slots start at 0 and finish at
+     * getNumberSlots() - 1. The value returned here must match the suffix passed
+     * from the bootloader, regardless of which slot is active or successful.
+     * @return the slot number of that the current boot is booted
+     */
+    int getCurrentSlot();
+
+    /**
+     * getNumberSlots() returns the number of available slots.
+     * For instance, a system with a single set of partitions must return
+     * 1, a system with A/B must return 2, A/B/C -> 3 and so on. A system with
+     * less than two slots doesn't support background updates, for example if
+     * running from a virtual machine with only one copy of each partition for the
+     * purpose of testing.
+     * @return number of available slots
+     */
+    int getNumberSlots();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns whether a snapshot-merge of any dynamic partition is in progress.
+     *
+     * This function must return the merge status set by the last setSnapshotMergeStatus call and
+     * recorded by the bootloader with one exception. If the partitions are being flashed from the
+     * bootloader such that the pending merge must be canceled (for example, if the super partition
+     * is being flashed), this function must return CANCELLED.
+     *
+     * @param out success True if the merge status is read successfully, false otherwise.
+     * @return Merge status.
+     */
+    MergeStatus getSnapshotMergeStatus();
+
+    /**
+     * getSuffix() returns the string suffix used by partitions that correspond to
+     * the slot number passed in as a parameter. The bootloader must pass the
+     * suffix of the currently active slot either through a kernel command line
+     * property at androidboot.slot_suffix, or the device tree at
+     * /firmware/android/slot_suffix.
+     * @return suffix for the input slot, or the empty string "" if slot
+     * does not match an existing slot.
+     */
+    String getSuffix(in int slot);
+
+    /**
+     * isSlotBootable() returns if the slot passed in parameter is bootable. Note
+     * that slots can be made unbootable by both the bootloader and by the OS
+     * using setSlotAsUnbootable.
+     * @return true if the slot is bootable, false if it's not.
+     * @throws service specific error INVALID_SLOT if slot is invalid.
+     */
+    boolean isSlotBootable(in int slot);
+
+    /**
+     * isSlotMarkedSuccessful() returns if the slot passed in parameter has been
+     * marked as successful using markBootSuccessful. Note that only the current
+     * slot can be marked as successful but any slot can be queried.
+     * @return true if the slot has been marked as successful, false if it has
+     * not.
+     * @throws service specific error INVALID_SLOT if slot is invalid.
+     */
+    boolean isSlotMarkedSuccessful(in int slot);
+
+    /**
+     * markBootSuccessful() marks the current slot as having booted successfully.
+     *
+     * @throws Service specific error COMMAND_FAILED if command failed.
+     */
+    void markBootSuccessful();
+
+    /**
+     * setActiveBootSlot() marks the slot passed in parameter as the active boot
+     * slot (see getCurrentSlot for an explanation of the "slot" parameter). This
+     * overrides any previous call to setSlotAsUnbootable.
+     * @throws Service specific error INVALID_SLOT if slot is invalid, or COMMAND_FAILED if
+     * operation failed.
+     */
+    void setActiveBootSlot(in int slot);
+
+    /**
+     * setSlotAsUnbootable() marks the slot passed in parameter as
+     * an unbootable. This can be used while updating the contents of the slot's
+     * partitions, so that the system must not attempt to boot a known bad set up.
+     * @throws Service specific error INVALID_SLOT if slot is invalid, or COMMAND_FAILED if
+     * operation failed.
+     */
+    void setSlotAsUnbootable(in int slot);
+
+    /**
+     * Sets whether a snapshot-merge of any dynamic partition is in progress.
+     *
+     * After the merge status is set to a given value, subsequent calls to
+     * getSnapshotMergeStatus must return the set value.
+     *
+     * The merge status must be persistent across reboots. That is, getSnapshotMergeStatus
+     * must return the same value after a reboot if the merge status is not altered in any way
+     * (e.g. set by setSnapshotMergeStatus or set to CANCELLED by bootloader).
+     *
+     * Read/write access to the merge status must be atomic. When the HAL is processing a
+     * setSnapshotMergeStatus call, all subsequent calls to getSnapshotMergeStatus must block until
+     * setSnapshotMergeStatus has returned.
+     *
+     * A MERGING state indicates that dynamic partitions are partially comprised by blocks in the
+     * userdata partition.
+     *
+     * When the merge status is set to MERGING, the following operations must be prohibited from the
+     * bootloader:
+     *  - Flashing or erasing "userdata" or "metadata".
+     *
+     * The following operations may be prohibited when the status is set to MERGING. If not
+     * prohibited, it is recommended that the user receive a warning.
+     *  - Changing the active slot (e.g. via "fastboot set_active")
+     *
+     * @param status Merge status.
+     *
+     * @throws service specific error COMMAND_FAILED if operation failed.
+     */
+    void setSnapshotMergeStatus(in MergeStatus status);
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.aidl b/boot/aidl/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16ac85f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package android.hardware.boot;
+
+@VintfStability
+@Backing(type="int")
+enum MergeStatus {
+    /**
+     * No snapshot or merge is in progress.
+     */
+    NONE = 0,
+    /**
+     * The merge status could not be determined.
+     */
+    UNKNOWN,
+    /**
+     * Partitions are being snapshotted, but no merge has been started.
+     */
+    SNAPSHOTTED,
+    /**
+     * At least one partition has merge is in progress.
+     */
+    MERGING,
+    /**
+     * A merge was in progress, but it was canceled by the bootloader.
+     */
+    CANCELLED,
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/client/Android.bp b/boot/aidl/client/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db4a7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/client/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libboot_control_client",
+    srcs: [
+        "BootControlClient.cpp"
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: ["android.hardware.boot-V1-ndk"],
+    recovery_available: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.boot-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.boot@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.boot@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.boot@1.2",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/client/BootControlClient.cpp b/boot/aidl/client/BootControlClient.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89258d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/client/BootControlClient.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <BootControlClient.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/boot/IBootControl.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
+#include <android/hardware/boot/1.1/IBootControl.h>
+#include <android/hardware/boot/1.2/IBootControl.h>
+#include "utils/StrongPointer.h"
+
+#define CONCAT(x, y) x##y
+
+#define LOG_NDK_STATUS(x)                                                                   \
+    do {                                                                                    \
+        const auto CONCAT(status, __COUNTER__) = x;                                         \
+        if (!CONCAT(status, __COUNTER__).isOk()) {                                          \
+            LOG(ERROR) << #x << " failed " << CONCAT(status, __COUNTER__).getDescription(); \
+        }                                                                                   \
+    } while (0)
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::boot::MergeStatus;
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, MergeStatus status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case MergeStatus::NONE:
+            os << "MergeStatus::NONE";
+            break;
+        case MergeStatus::UNKNOWN:
+            os << "MergeStatus::UNKNOWN";
+            break;
+        case MergeStatus::SNAPSHOTTED:
+            os << "MergeStatus::SNAPSHOTTED";
+            break;
+        case MergeStatus::MERGING:
+            os << "MergeStatus::MERGING";
+            break;
+        case MergeStatus::CANCELLED:
+            os << "MergeStatus::CANCELLED";
+            break;
+        default:
+            os << static_cast<int>(status);
+            break;
+    }
+    return os;
+}
+
+namespace android::hal {
+class BootControlClientAidl final : public BootControlClient {
+    using IBootControl = ::aidl::android::hardware::boot::IBootControl;
+
+  public:
+    BootControlClientAidl(std::shared_ptr<IBootControl> module) : module_(module) {}
+
+    BootControlVersion GetVersion() const override { return BootControlVersion::BOOTCTL_AIDL; }
+
+    ~BootControlClientAidl() = default;
+    virtual int32_t GetNumSlots() const {
+        int32_t ret = -1;
+        LOG_NDK_STATUS(module_->getNumberSlots(&ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int32_t GetCurrentSlot() const {
+        int32_t ret = -1;
+        LOG_NDK_STATUS(module_->getCurrentSlot(&ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    MergeStatus getSnapshotMergeStatus() const {
+        MergeStatus status = MergeStatus::UNKNOWN;
+        LOG_NDK_STATUS(module_->getSnapshotMergeStatus(&status));
+        return status;
+    }
+    std::string GetSuffix(int32_t slot) const {
+        std::string ret;
+        const auto status = module_->getSuffix(slot, &ret);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+            return {};
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<bool> IsSlotBootable(int32_t slot) const {
+        bool ret = false;
+        const auto status = module_->isSlotBootable(slot, &ret);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+            return {};
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    CommandResult MarkSlotUnbootable(int32_t slot) {
+        const auto status = module_->setSlotAsUnbootable(slot);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+        }
+        return {.success = status.isOk(), .errMsg = status.getDescription()};
+    }
+
+    CommandResult SetActiveBootSlot(int slot) {
+        const auto status = module_->setActiveBootSlot(slot);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+        }
+        return {.success = status.isOk(), .errMsg = status.getDescription()};
+    }
+    int GetActiveBootSlot() const {
+        int ret = -1;
+        LOG_NDK_STATUS(module_->getActiveBootSlot(&ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // Check if |slot| is marked boot successfully.
+    std::optional<bool> IsSlotMarkedSuccessful(int slot) const {
+        bool ret = false;
+        const auto status = module_->isSlotMarkedSuccessful(slot, &ret);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+            return {};
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    CommandResult MarkBootSuccessful() {
+        const auto status = module_->markBootSuccessful();
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+        }
+        return {.success = status.isOk(), .errMsg = status.getDescription()};
+    }
+
+    CommandResult SetSnapshotMergeStatus(aidl::android::hardware::boot::MergeStatus merge_status) {
+        const auto status = module_->setSnapshotMergeStatus(merge_status);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << merge_status << ")"
+                       << " failed " << status.getDescription();
+        }
+        return {.success = status.isOk(), .errMsg = status.getDescription()};
+    }
+
+  private:
+    const std::shared_ptr<IBootControl> module_;
+};
+
+using namespace android::hardware::boot;
+
+class BootControlClientHIDL final : public BootControlClient {
+  public:
+    BootControlClientHIDL(android::sp<V1_0::IBootControl> module_v1,
+                          android::sp<V1_1::IBootControl> module_v1_1,
+                          android::sp<V1_2::IBootControl> module_v1_2)
+        : module_v1_(module_v1), module_v1_1_(module_v1_1), module_v1_2_(module_v1_2) {
+        CHECK(module_v1_ != nullptr);
+    }
+    BootControlVersion GetVersion() const override {
+        if (module_v1_2_ != nullptr) {
+            return BootControlVersion::BOOTCTL_V1_2;
+        } else if (module_v1_1_ != nullptr) {
+            return BootControlVersion::BOOTCTL_V1_1;
+        } else {
+            return BootControlVersion::BOOTCTL_V1_0;
+        }
+    }
+    int32_t GetNumSlots() const {
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->getNumberSlots();
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return ret.withDefault(-1);
+    }
+
+    int32_t GetCurrentSlot() const {
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->getCurrentSlot();
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return ret.withDefault(-1);
+    }
+
+    std::string GetSuffix(int32_t slot) const {
+        std::string suffix;
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->getSuffix(
+                slot,
+                [&](const ::android::hardware::hidl_string& slotSuffix) { suffix = slotSuffix; });
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return suffix;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<bool> IsSlotBootable(int32_t slot) const {
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->isSlotBootable(slot);
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << ret.description();
+            return {};
+        }
+        const auto bool_result = ret.withDefault(V1_0::BoolResult::INVALID_SLOT);
+        if (bool_result == V1_0::BoolResult::INVALID_SLOT) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        return bool_result == V1_0::BoolResult::TRUE;
+    }
+
+    CommandResult MarkSlotUnbootable(int32_t slot) {
+        CommandResult result;
+        const auto ret =
+                module_v1_->setSlotAsUnbootable(slot, [&](const V1_0::CommandResult& error) {
+                    result.success = error.success;
+                    result.errMsg = error.errMsg;
+                });
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    CommandResult SetActiveBootSlot(int32_t slot) {
+        CommandResult result;
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->setActiveBootSlot(slot, [&](const V1_0::CommandResult& error) {
+            result.success = error.success;
+            result.errMsg = error.errMsg;
+        });
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    CommandResult MarkBootSuccessful() {
+        CommandResult result;
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->markBootSuccessful([&](const V1_0::CommandResult& error) {
+            result.success = error.success;
+            result.errMsg = error.errMsg;
+        });
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<bool> IsSlotMarkedSuccessful(int32_t slot) const {
+        const auto ret = module_v1_->isSlotMarkedSuccessful(slot);
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << slot << ")"
+                       << " failed " << ret.description();
+            return {};
+        }
+        const auto bool_result = ret.withDefault(V1_0::BoolResult::INVALID_SLOT);
+        if (bool_result == V1_0::BoolResult::INVALID_SLOT) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        return bool_result == V1_0::BoolResult::TRUE;
+    }
+
+    MergeStatus getSnapshotMergeStatus() const {
+        if (module_v1_1_ == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " is unsupported, requires at least boot v1.1";
+            return MergeStatus::UNKNOWN;
+        }
+        const auto ret = module_v1_1_->getSnapshotMergeStatus();
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return static_cast<MergeStatus>(
+                ret.withDefault(static_cast<V1_1::MergeStatus>(MergeStatus::UNKNOWN)));
+    }
+
+    CommandResult SetSnapshotMergeStatus(MergeStatus merge_status) {
+        if (module_v1_1_ == nullptr) {
+            return {.success = false,
+                    .errMsg = "setSnapshotMergeStatus is unsupported, requires at least boot v1.1"};
+        }
+        const auto ret =
+                module_v1_1_->setSnapshotMergeStatus(static_cast<V1_1::MergeStatus>(merge_status));
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << "(" << merge_status << ")"
+                       << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return {.success = ret.isOk(), .errMsg = ret.description()};
+    }
+
+    int32_t GetActiveBootSlot() const {
+        if (module_v1_2_ == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " is unsupported, requires at least boot v1.2";
+            return -1;
+        }
+        const auto ret = module_v1_2_->getActiveBootSlot();
+        if (!ret.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << " failed " << ret.description();
+        }
+        return ret.withDefault(-1);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    android::sp<V1_0::IBootControl> module_v1_;
+    android::sp<V1_1::IBootControl> module_v1_1_;
+    android::sp<V1_2::IBootControl> module_v1_2_;
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<BootControlClient> BootControlClient::WaitForService() {
+    const auto instance_name =
+            std::string(::aidl::android::hardware::boot::IBootControl::descriptor) + "/default";
+
+    if (AServiceManager_isDeclared(instance_name.c_str())) {
+        auto module = ::aidl::android::hardware::boot::IBootControl::fromBinder(
+                ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(instance_name.c_str())));
+        if (module == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "AIDL " << instance_name
+                       << " is declared but waitForService returned nullptr.";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        LOG(INFO) << "Using AIDL version of IBootControl";
+        return std::make_unique<BootControlClientAidl>(module);
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "AIDL IBootControl not available, falling back to HIDL.";
+
+    android::sp<V1_0::IBootControl> v1_0_module;
+    android::sp<V1_1::IBootControl> v1_1_module;
+    android::sp<V1_2::IBootControl> v1_2_module;
+    v1_0_module = V1_0::IBootControl::getService();
+    if (v1_0_module == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Error getting bootctrl v1.0 module.";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    v1_1_module = V1_1::IBootControl::castFrom(v1_0_module);
+    v1_2_module = V1_2::IBootControl::castFrom(v1_0_module);
+    if (v1_2_module != nullptr) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Using HIDL version 1.2 of IBootControl";
+    } else if (v1_1_module != nullptr) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Using HIDL version 1.1 of IBootControl";
+    } else {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Using HIDL version 1.0 of IBootControl";
+    }
+
+    return std::make_unique<BootControlClientHIDL>(v1_0_module, v1_1_module, v1_2_module);
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hal
diff --git a/boot/aidl/client/include/BootControlClient.h b/boot/aidl/client/include/BootControlClient.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..472e82e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/client/include/BootControlClient.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __BOOT_CONTROL_CLIENT_H_
+#define __BOOT_CONTROL_CLIENT_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/boot/MergeStatus.h>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+
+namespace android::hal {
+
+struct CommandResult {
+    bool success;
+    std::string errMsg;
+    constexpr bool IsOk() const { return success; }
+};
+
+enum class BootControlVersion { BOOTCTL_V1_0, BOOTCTL_V1_1, BOOTCTL_V1_2, BOOTCTL_AIDL };
+
+class BootControlClient {
+  public:
+    using MergeStatus = aidl::android::hardware::boot::MergeStatus;
+    virtual ~BootControlClient() = default;
+    virtual BootControlVersion GetVersion() const = 0;
+    // Return the number of update slots in the system. A system will normally
+    // have two slots, named "A" and "B" in the documentation, but sometimes
+    // images running from other media can have only one slot, like some USB
+    // image. Systems with only one slot won't be able to update.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int32_t GetNumSlots() const = 0;
+
+    // Return the slot where we are running the system from. On success, the
+    // result is a number between 0 and GetNumSlots() - 1. Otherwise, log an error
+    // and return kInvalidSlot.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int32_t GetCurrentSlot() const = 0;
+
+    // Return string suffix for input slot. Usually, for slot 0 the suffix is _a, and for slot 1 the
+    // suffix is _b.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string GetSuffix(int32_t slot) const = 0;
+
+    // Returns whether the passed |slot| is marked as bootable. Returns false if
+    // the slot is invalid.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::optional<bool> IsSlotBootable(int32_t slot) const = 0;
+
+    // Mark the specified slot unbootable. No other slot flags are modified.
+    // Returns true on success.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual CommandResult MarkSlotUnbootable(int32_t slot) = 0;
+
+    // Set the passed |slot| as the preferred boot slot. Returns whether it
+    // succeeded setting the active slot. If succeeded, on next boot the
+    // bootloader will attempt to load the |slot| marked as active. Note that this
+    // method doesn't change the value of GetCurrentSlot() on the current boot.
+    // Return true if operation succeeded.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual CommandResult SetActiveBootSlot(int32_t slot) = 0;
+
+    // Check if |slot| is marked boot successfully. Return empty optional if the RPC call failed.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual std::optional<bool> IsSlotMarkedSuccessful(int32_t slot) const = 0;
+
+    // Mark boot as successful. Return an error message if operation failed.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual CommandResult MarkBootSuccessful() = 0;
+
+    // Added in IBootControl v1.1
+    // Return the current merge status.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual MergeStatus getSnapshotMergeStatus() const = 0;
+
+    // Set snapshot merge status, return true if succeeded.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual CommandResult SetSnapshotMergeStatus(MergeStatus status) = 0;
+
+    // Added in IBootControl v1.2
+    // Get the active slot. In other words, the slot which will be used on
+    // next system reboot. This should match the |slot| parameter of last
+    // successful call to |SetActiveBootSlot|.
+    // Return 0xFFFFFFFF if underlying HAL doesn't support this operation.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual int32_t GetActiveBootSlot() const = 0;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::unique_ptr<BootControlClient> WaitForService();
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hal
+
+#endif
diff --git a/boot/aidl/default/Android.bp b/boot/aidl/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aefae8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.boot-service.default",
+    defaults: ["libboot_control_defaults"],
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    init_rc: ["boot-default.rc"],
+    vintf_fragments: ["boot-default.xml"],
+    vendor: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "android.hardware.boot@1.1",
+        "android.hardware.boot-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libboot_control",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["main.cpp", "BootControl.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/boot/aidl/default/BootControl.cpp b/boot/aidl/default/BootControl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e3c21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/default/BootControl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "BootControl.h"
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+using HIDLMergeStatus = ::android::bootable::BootControl::MergeStatus;
+using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::boot {
+
+BootControl::BootControl() {
+    CHECK(impl_.Init());
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::getActiveBootSlot(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = impl_.GetActiveBootSlot();
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::getCurrentSlot(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = impl_.GetCurrentSlot();
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::getNumberSlots(int32_t* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = impl_.GetNumberSlots();
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+static constexpr MergeStatus ToAIDLMergeStatus(HIDLMergeStatus status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case HIDLMergeStatus::NONE:
+            return MergeStatus::NONE;
+        case HIDLMergeStatus::UNKNOWN:
+            return MergeStatus::UNKNOWN;
+        case HIDLMergeStatus::SNAPSHOTTED:
+            return MergeStatus::SNAPSHOTTED;
+        case HIDLMergeStatus::MERGING:
+            return MergeStatus::MERGING;
+        case HIDLMergeStatus::CANCELLED:
+            return MergeStatus::CANCELLED;
+    }
+}
+
+static constexpr HIDLMergeStatus ToHIDLMergeStatus(MergeStatus status) {
+    switch (status) {
+        case MergeStatus::NONE:
+            return HIDLMergeStatus::NONE;
+        case MergeStatus::UNKNOWN:
+            return HIDLMergeStatus::UNKNOWN;
+        case MergeStatus::SNAPSHOTTED:
+            return HIDLMergeStatus::SNAPSHOTTED;
+        case MergeStatus::MERGING:
+            return HIDLMergeStatus::MERGING;
+        case MergeStatus::CANCELLED:
+            return HIDLMergeStatus::CANCELLED;
+    }
+}
+
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::getSnapshotMergeStatus(MergeStatus* _aidl_return) {
+    *_aidl_return = ToAIDLMergeStatus(impl_.GetSnapshotMergeStatus());
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::getSuffix(int32_t in_slot, std::string* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!impl_.IsValidSlot(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                INVALID_SLOT, (std::string("Invalid slot ") + std::to_string(in_slot)).c_str());
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = impl_.GetSuffix(in_slot);
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::isSlotBootable(int32_t in_slot, bool* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!impl_.IsValidSlot(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                INVALID_SLOT, (std::string("Invalid slot ") + std::to_string(in_slot)).c_str());
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = impl_.IsSlotBootable(in_slot);
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::isSlotMarkedSuccessful(int32_t in_slot, bool* _aidl_return) {
+    if (!impl_.IsValidSlot(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                INVALID_SLOT, (std::string("Invalid slot ") + std::to_string(in_slot)).c_str());
+    }
+    *_aidl_return = impl_.IsSlotMarkedSuccessful(in_slot);
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::markBootSuccessful() {
+    if (!impl_.MarkBootSuccessful()) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(COMMAND_FAILED,
+                                                                  "Operation failed");
+    }
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::setActiveBootSlot(int32_t in_slot) {
+    if (!impl_.IsValidSlot(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                INVALID_SLOT, (std::string("Invalid slot ") + std::to_string(in_slot)).c_str());
+    }
+    if (!impl_.SetActiveBootSlot(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(COMMAND_FAILED,
+                                                                  "Operation failed");
+    }
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::setSlotAsUnbootable(int32_t in_slot) {
+    if (!impl_.IsValidSlot(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(
+                INVALID_SLOT, (std::string("Invalid slot ") + std::to_string(in_slot)).c_str());
+    }
+    if (!impl_.SetSlotAsUnbootable(in_slot)) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(COMMAND_FAILED,
+                                                                  "Operation failed");
+    }
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ScopedAStatus BootControl::setSnapshotMergeStatus(MergeStatus in_status) {
+    if (!impl_.SetSnapshotMergeStatus(ToHIDLMergeStatus(in_status))) {
+        return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificErrorWithMessage(COMMAND_FAILED,
+                                                                  "Operation failed");
+    }
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::boot
diff --git a/boot/aidl/default/BootControl.h b/boot/aidl/default/BootControl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54cd32d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/default/BootControl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/boot/BnBootControl.h>
+#include <libboot_control/libboot_control.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::boot {
+
+class BootControl final : public BnBootControl {
+  public:
+    BootControl();
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getActiveBootSlot(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getCurrentSlot(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getNumberSlots(int32_t* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSnapshotMergeStatus(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::boot::MergeStatus* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus getSuffix(int32_t in_slot, std::string* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isSlotBootable(int32_t in_slot, bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus isSlotMarkedSuccessful(int32_t in_slot, bool* _aidl_return) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus markBootSuccessful() override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setActiveBootSlot(int32_t in_slot) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setSlotAsUnbootable(int32_t in_slot) override;
+    ::ndk::ScopedAStatus setSnapshotMergeStatus(
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::boot::MergeStatus in_status) override;
+
+  private:
+    ::android::bootable::BootControl impl_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::boot
diff --git a/boot/aidl/default/boot-default.rc b/boot/aidl/default/boot-default.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..589f803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/default/boot-default.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+service vendor.boot-default /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.boot-service.default
+    class early_hal
+    user root
+    group root
+
diff --git a/boot/aidl/default/boot-default.xml b/boot/aidl/default/boot-default.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23ccc4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/default/boot-default.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.boot</name>
+        <fqname>IBootControl/default</fqname>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/boot/aidl/default/main.cpp b/boot/aidl/default/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70b284e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/boot/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "BootControl.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::boot::BootControl;
+using aidl::android::hardware::boot::IBootControl;
+
+int main(int, char* argv[]) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::KernelLogger);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
+    std::shared_ptr<IBootControl> service = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BootControl>();
+
+    const std::string instance = std::string(BootControl::descriptor) + "/default";
+    auto status = AServiceManager_addService(service->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
+    CHECK_EQ(status, STATUS_OK) << "Failed to add service " << instance << " " << status;
+    LOG(INFO) << "IBootControl AIDL service running...";
+
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.0/default/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/1.0/default/OWNERS
index 57e6592..302fdd7 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.0/default/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.0/default/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-elaurent@google.com
-mnaganov@google.com
-twasilczyk@google.com
+xuweilin@google.com
+oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
+keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
index 778c4a2..aa19d6a 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
 # Bug component: 533946
+xuweilin@google.com
 oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
+keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.1/default/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/1.1/default/OWNERS
index 136b607..259b91e 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.1/default/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.1/default/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Automotive team
-egranata@google.com
-twasilczyk@google.com
+xuweilin@google.com
+oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
+keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/1.1/vts/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/1.1/vts/OWNERS
index 2c21c25..aa19d6a 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/1.1/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/1.1/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Bug component: 533946
+xuweilin@google.com
 oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
 keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/OWNERS
index 136b607..259b91e 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Automotive team
-egranata@google.com
-twasilczyk@google.com
+xuweilin@google.com
+oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
+keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/OWNERS
index 1ff7407..09690ef 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/OWNERS
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Automotive team
-egranata@google.com
-twasilczyk@google.com
+xuweilin@google.com
+oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
+keunyoung@google.com
 
 # VTS team
 dshi@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
index 2c21c25..aa19d6a 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/vts/functional/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Bug component: 533946
+xuweilin@google.com
 oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
 keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/broadcastradio/common/OWNERS b/broadcastradio/common/OWNERS
index 136b607..259b91e 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/common/OWNERS
+++ b/broadcastradio/common/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
 # Automotive team
-egranata@google.com
-twasilczyk@google.com
+xuweilin@google.com
+oscarazu@google.com
+ericjeong@google.com
+keunyoung@google.com
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
index 2979b11..d1a701b 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
@@ -146,6 +146,13 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.boot</name>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IBootControl</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.broadcastradio</name>
         <version>1.0-1</version>
@@ -354,6 +361,7 @@
         <interface>
             <name>IRemotelyProvisionedComponent</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
+            <instance>strongbox</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
diff --git a/dumpstate/aidl/Android.bp b/dumpstate/aidl/Android.bp
index 22d836b..4de5da3 100644
--- a/dumpstate/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/dumpstate/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -33,10 +33,5 @@
         java: {
             enabled: false,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/Android.bp b/gnss/aidl/Android.bp
index b197eae..3797c69 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp
index fcc1f98..9e4f7c7 100644
--- a/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp
+++ b/gnss/aidl/default/GnssMeasurementInterface.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,17 @@
 #include "GnssMeasurementInterface.h"
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/BnGnss.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include "DeviceFileReader.h"
+#include "GnssRawMeasurementParser.h"
+#include "GnssReplayUtils.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::gnss {
 
 using Utils = ::android::hardware::gnss::common::Utils;
+using ReplayUtils = ::android::hardware::gnss::common::ReplayUtils;
+using GnssRawMeasurementParser = ::android::hardware::gnss::common::GnssRawMeasurementParser;
+using DeviceFileReader = ::android::hardware::gnss::common::DeviceFileReader;
 
 std::shared_ptr<IGnssMeasurementCallback> GnssMeasurementInterface::sCallback = nullptr;
 
@@ -63,9 +69,22 @@
     mIsActive = true;
     mThread = std::thread([this, enableCorrVecOutputs]() {
         while (mIsActive == true) {
-            auto measurement = Utils::getMockMeasurement(enableCorrVecOutputs);
-            this->reportMeasurement(measurement);
-
+            std::string rawMeasurementStr = "";
+            if (ReplayUtils::hasGnssDeviceFile() &&
+                ReplayUtils::isGnssRawMeasurement(
+                        rawMeasurementStr =
+                                DeviceFileReader::Instance().getGnssRawMeasurementData())) {
+                ALOGD("rawMeasurementStr(size: %zu) from device file: %s", rawMeasurementStr.size(),
+                      rawMeasurementStr.c_str());
+                auto measurement =
+                        GnssRawMeasurementParser::getMeasurementFromStrs(rawMeasurementStr);
+                if (measurement != nullptr) {
+                    this->reportMeasurement(*measurement);
+                }
+            } else {
+                auto measurement = Utils::getMockMeasurement(enableCorrVecOutputs);
+                this->reportMeasurement(measurement);
+            }
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(mMinIntervalMillis));
         }
     });
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp b/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp
index a1d3123..dda8a44 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/Android.bp
@@ -38,9 +38,14 @@
         "v2_1/GnssDebug.cpp",
         "v2_1/GnssMeasurement.cpp",
         "v2_1/GnssMeasurementCorrections.cpp",
+        "DeviceFileReader.cpp",
+        "FixLocationParser.cpp",
+        "GnssRawMeasurementParser.cpp",
+        "GnssReplayUtils.cpp",
         "MockLocation.cpp",
-        "Utils.cpp",
         "NmeaFixInfo.cpp",
+        "ParseUtils.cpp",
+        "Utils.cpp",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/DeviceFileReader.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/DeviceFileReader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfc086a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/DeviceFileReader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "DeviceFileReader.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+void DeviceFileReader::getDataFromDeviceFile(const std::string& command, int mMinIntervalMs) {
+    char inputBuffer[INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    std::string deviceFilePath = "";
+    if (command == CMD_GET_LOCATION) {
+        deviceFilePath = ReplayUtils::getFixedLocationPath();
+    } else if (command == CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT) {
+        deviceFilePath = ReplayUtils::getGnssPath();
+    } else {
+        // Invalid command
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int mGnssFd = open(deviceFilePath.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+    if (mGnssFd == -1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int bytes_write = write(mGnssFd, command.c_str(), command.size());
+    if (bytes_write <= 0) {
+        close(mGnssFd);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct epoll_event ev, events[1];
+    ev.data.fd = mGnssFd;
+    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
+    int epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0);
+    epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mGnssFd, &ev);
+    int bytes_read = -1;
+    std::string inputStr = "";
+    int epoll_ret = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, 1, mMinIntervalMs);
+
+    if (epoll_ret == -1) {
+        close(mGnssFd);
+        return;
+    }
+    while (true) {
+        memset(inputBuffer, 0, INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        bytes_read = read(mGnssFd, &inputBuffer, INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        if (bytes_read <= 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        s_buffer_ += std::string(inputBuffer, bytes_read);
+    }
+    close(mGnssFd);
+
+    // Trim end of file mark(\n\n\n\n).
+    auto pos = s_buffer_.find("\n\n\n\n");
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        inputStr = s_buffer_.substr(0, pos);
+        s_buffer_ = s_buffer_.substr(pos + 4);
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Cache the injected data.
+    if (command == CMD_GET_LOCATION) {
+        // TODO validate data
+        data_[CMD_GET_LOCATION] = inputStr;
+    } else if (command == CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT) {
+        if (ReplayUtils::isGnssRawMeasurement(inputStr)) {
+            data_[CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT] = inputStr;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::string DeviceFileReader::getLocationData() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    getDataFromDeviceFile(CMD_GET_LOCATION, 20);
+    return data_[CMD_GET_LOCATION];
+}
+
+std::string DeviceFileReader::getGnssRawMeasurementData() {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+    getDataFromDeviceFile(CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT, 20);
+    return data_[CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT];
+}
+
+DeviceFileReader::DeviceFileReader() {}
+
+DeviceFileReader::~DeviceFileReader() {}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/FixLocationParser.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/FixLocationParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0177b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/FixLocationParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "FixLocationParser.h"
+
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/1.0/IGnss.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> FixLocationParser::getLocationFromInputStr(
+        const std::string& locationStr) {
+    /*
+     * Fix,Provider,LatitudeDegrees,LongitudeDegrees,AltitudeMeters,SpeedMps,
+     * AccuracyMeters,BearingDegrees,UnixTimeMillis,SpeedAccuracyMps,BearingAccuracyDegrees,
+     * elapsedRealtimeNanos
+     */
+    if (locationStr.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> locationStrRecords;
+    ParseUtils::splitStr(locationStr, LINE_SEPARATOR, locationStrRecords);
+    if (locationStrRecords.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> locationValues;
+    ParseUtils::splitStr(locationStrRecords[0], COMMA_SEPARATOR, locationValues);
+    if (locationValues.size() < 12) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    V2_0::ElapsedRealtime elapsedRealtime = {
+            .flags = V2_0::ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS |
+                     V2_0::ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS,
+            .timestampNs = static_cast<uint64_t>(::android::elapsedRealtimeNano()),
+            // This is an hardcoded value indicating a 1ms of uncertainty between the two clocks.
+            // In an actual implementation provide an estimate of the synchronization uncertainty
+            // or don't set the field.
+            .timeUncertaintyNs = 1020400};
+
+    V1_0::GnssLocation locationV1 = {
+            .gnssLocationFlags = 0xFF,
+            .latitudeDegrees = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(locationValues[2], 0),
+            .longitudeDegrees = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(locationValues[3], 0),
+            .altitudeMeters = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(locationValues[4], 0),
+            .speedMetersPerSec = ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(locationValues[5], 0),
+            .bearingDegrees = ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(locationValues[7], 0),
+            .horizontalAccuracyMeters = ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(locationValues[6], 0),
+            .verticalAccuracyMeters = ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(locationValues[6], 0),
+            .speedAccuracyMetersPerSecond = ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(locationValues[9], 0),
+            .bearingAccuracyDegrees = ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(locationValues[10], 0),
+            .timestamp = ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(locationValues[8], 0)};
+
+    V2_0::GnssLocation locationV2 = {.v1_0 = locationV1, .elapsedRealtime = elapsedRealtime};
+    return std::make_unique<V2_0::GnssLocation>(locationV2);
+}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/GnssRawMeasurementParser.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/GnssRawMeasurementParser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c066229
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/GnssRawMeasurementParser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GnssRawMeasurementParser.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::ElapsedRealtime;
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssClock;
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType;
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssData;
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssMeasurement;
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssMultipathIndicator;
+using aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssSignalType;
+
+using ParseUtils = ::android::hardware::gnss::common::ParseUtils;
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, int> GnssRawMeasurementParser::getColumnIdNameMappingFromHeader(
+        const std::string& header) {
+    std::vector<std::string> columnNames;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int> columnNameIdMapping;
+    std::string s = header;
+    // Trim left spaces
+    s.erase(s.begin(),
+            std::find_if(s.begin(), s.end(), [](unsigned char ch) { return !std::isspace(ch); }));
+    // Trim right spaces
+    s.erase(std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), [](unsigned char ch) { return !std::isspace(ch); })
+                    .base(),
+            s.end());
+    // Remove comment symbol, start from `Raw`.
+    s = s.substr(s.find("Raw"));
+
+    ParseUtils::splitStr(s, COMMA_SEPARATOR, columnNames);
+    int columnId = 0;
+    for (auto& name : columnNames) {
+        columnNameIdMapping[name] = columnId++;
+    }
+
+    return columnNameIdMapping;
+}
+
+int GnssRawMeasurementParser::getClockFlags(
+        const std::vector<std::string>& rawMeasurementRecordValues,
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping) {
+    int clockFlags = 0;
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("LeapSecond")].empty()) {
+        clockFlags |= GnssClock::HAS_LEAP_SECOND;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("FullBiasNanos")].empty()) {
+        clockFlags |= GnssClock::HAS_FULL_BIAS;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("BiasNanos")].empty()) {
+        clockFlags |= GnssClock::HAS_BIAS;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("BiasUncertaintyNanos")].empty()) {
+        clockFlags |= GnssClock::HAS_BIAS_UNCERTAINTY;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("DriftNanosPerSecond")].empty()) {
+        clockFlags |= GnssClock::HAS_DRIFT;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("DriftUncertaintyNanosPerSecond")]
+                 .empty()) {
+        clockFlags |= GnssClock::HAS_DRIFT_UNCERTAINTY;
+    }
+    return clockFlags;
+}
+
+int GnssRawMeasurementParser::getElapsedRealtimeFlags(
+        const std::vector<std::string>& rawMeasurementRecordValues,
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping) {
+    int elapsedRealtimeFlags = ElapsedRealtime::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS;
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("TimeUncertaintyNanos")].empty()) {
+        elapsedRealtimeFlags |= ElapsedRealtime::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS;
+    }
+    return elapsedRealtimeFlags;
+}
+
+int GnssRawMeasurementParser::getRawMeasurementFlags(
+        const std::vector<std::string>& rawMeasurementRecordValues,
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping) {
+    int rawMeasurementFlags = 0;
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("SnrInDb")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_SNR;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("CarrierFrequencyHz")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_CARRIER_FREQUENCY;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("CarrierCycles")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_CARRIER_CYCLES;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("CarrierPhase")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_CARRIER_PHASE;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("CarrierPhaseUncertainty")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_CARRIER_PHASE_UNCERTAINTY;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("AgcDb")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_AUTOMATIC_GAIN_CONTROL;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("FullInterSignalBiasNanos")].empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_FULL_ISB;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("FullInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos")]
+                 .empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_FULL_ISB_UNCERTAINTY;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("SatelliteInterSignalBiasNanos")]
+                 .empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_SATELLITE_ISB;
+    }
+    if (!rawMeasurementRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                            "SatelliteInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos")]
+                 .empty()) {
+        rawMeasurementFlags |= GnssMeasurement::HAS_SATELLITE_ISB_UNCERTAINTY;
+    }
+    // HAS_SATELLITE_PVT and HAS_CORRELATION_VECTOR fields currently not in rawmeasurement
+    // output, need add them later.
+    return rawMeasurementFlags;
+}
+
+GnssConstellationType GnssRawMeasurementParser::getGnssConstellationType(int constellationType) {
+    GnssConstellationType gnssConstellationType =
+            aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN;
+
+    switch (constellationType) {
+        case 1:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::GPS;
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::SBAS;
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::GLONASS;
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::QZSS;
+            break;
+        case 5:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::BEIDOU;
+            break;
+        case 6:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::GALILEO;
+            break;
+        default:
+            gnssConstellationType = aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    return gnssConstellationType;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<GnssData> GnssRawMeasurementParser::getMeasurementFromStrs(
+        std::string& rawMeasurementStr) {
+    /*
+     * Raw,utcTimeMillis,TimeNanos,LeapSecond,TimeUncertaintyNanos,FullBiasNanos,BiasNanos,
+     * BiasUncertaintyNanos,DriftNanosPerSecond,DriftUncertaintyNanosPerSecond,
+     * HardwareClockDiscontinuityCount,Svid,TimeOffsetNanos,State,ReceivedSvTimeNanos,
+     * ReceivedSvTimeUncertaintyNanos,Cn0DbHz,PseudorangeRateMetersPerSecond,
+     * PseudorangeRateUncertaintyMetersPerSecond,AccumulatedDeltaRangeState,
+     * AccumulatedDeltaRangeMeters,AccumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyMeters,CarrierFrequencyHz,
+     * CarrierCycles,CarrierPhase,CarrierPhaseUncertainty,MultipathIndicator,SnrInDb,
+     * ConstellationType,AgcDb,BasebandCn0DbHz,FullInterSignalBiasNanos,
+     * FullInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos,SatelliteInterSignalBiasNanos,
+     * SatelliteInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos,CodeType,ChipsetElapsedRealtimeNanos
+     */
+    ALOGD("Parsing %zu bytes rawMeasurementStr.", rawMeasurementStr.size());
+    if (rawMeasurementStr.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> rawMeasurementStrRecords;
+    ParseUtils::splitStr(rawMeasurementStr, LINE_SEPARATOR, rawMeasurementStrRecords);
+    if (rawMeasurementStrRecords.size() <= 1) {
+        ALOGE("Raw GNSS Measurements parser failed. (No records) ");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Get the column name mapping from the header.
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, int> columnNameIdMapping =
+            getColumnIdNameMappingFromHeader(rawMeasurementStrRecords[0]);
+
+    if (columnNameIdMapping.size() < 37 || !ParseUtils::isValidHeader(columnNameIdMapping)) {
+        ALOGE("Raw GNSS Measurements parser failed. (No header or missing columns.) ");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Set GnssClock from 1st record.
+    std::size_t pointer = 1;
+    std::vector<std::string> firstRecordValues;
+    ParseUtils::splitStr(rawMeasurementStrRecords[pointer], COMMA_SEPARATOR, firstRecordValues);
+    GnssClock clock = {
+            .gnssClockFlags = getClockFlags(firstRecordValues, columnNameIdMapping),
+            .timeNs = ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("TimeNanos")], 0),
+            .fullBiasNs = ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("FullBiasNanos")], 0),
+            .biasNs = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("BiasNanos")], 0),
+            .biasUncertaintyNs = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("BiasUncertaintyNanos")], 0),
+            .driftNsps = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("DriftNanosPerSecond")], 0),
+            .driftUncertaintyNsps = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("DriftNanosPerSecond")], 0),
+            .hwClockDiscontinuityCount = ParseUtils::tryParseInt(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("HardwareClockDiscontinuityCount")],
+                    0)};
+
+    ElapsedRealtime timestamp = {
+            .flags = getElapsedRealtimeFlags(firstRecordValues, columnNameIdMapping),
+            .timestampNs = ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("ChipsetElapsedRealtimeNanos")]),
+            .timeUncertaintyNs = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                    firstRecordValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("TimeUncertaintyNanos")], 0)};
+
+    std::vector<GnssMeasurement> measurementsVec;
+    for (pointer = 1; pointer < rawMeasurementStrRecords.size(); pointer++) {
+        std::vector<std::string> rawMeasurementValues;
+        std::string line = rawMeasurementStrRecords[pointer];
+        ParseUtils::splitStr(line, COMMA_SEPARATOR, rawMeasurementValues);
+        GnssSignalType signalType = {
+                .constellation = getGnssConstellationType(ParseUtils::tryParseInt(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("ConstellationType")], 0)),
+                .carrierFrequencyHz = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("CarrierFrequencyHz")], 0),
+                .codeType = rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("CodeType")],
+        };
+        GnssMeasurement measurement = {
+                .flags = getRawMeasurementFlags(rawMeasurementValues, columnNameIdMapping),
+                .svid = ParseUtils::tryParseInt(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("Svid")], 0),
+                .signalType = signalType,
+                .receivedSvTimeInNs = ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("ReceivedSvTimeNanos")], 0),
+                .receivedSvTimeUncertaintyInNs =
+                        ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                                             "ReceivedSvTimeUncertaintyNanos")],
+                                                     0),
+                .antennaCN0DbHz = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("Cn0DbHz")], 0),
+                .basebandCN0DbHz = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("BasebandCn0DbHz")], 0),
+                .agcLevelDb = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("AgcDb")], 0),
+                .pseudorangeRateMps =
+                        ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                                           "PseudorangeRateMetersPerSecond")],
+                                                   0),
+                .pseudorangeRateUncertaintyMps = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                "PseudorangeRateUncertaintyMetersPerSecond")],
+                        0),
+                .accumulatedDeltaRangeState = ParseUtils::tryParseInt(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("AccumulatedDeltaRangeState")],
+                        0),
+                .accumulatedDeltaRangeM = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("AccumulatedDeltaRangeMeters")],
+                        0),
+                .accumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyM = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                "AccumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyMeters")],
+                        0),
+                .multipathIndicator = GnssMultipathIndicator::UNKNOWN,  // Not in GnssLogger yet.
+                .state = ParseUtils::tryParseInt(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("State")], 0),
+                .fullInterSignalBiasNs = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(rawMeasurementValues[31], 0),
+                .fullInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNs = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at("FullInterSignalBiasNanos")],
+                        0),
+                .satelliteInterSignalBiasNs =
+                        ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                                           "SatelliteInterSignalBiasNanos")],
+                                                   0),
+                .satelliteInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNs = ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(
+                        rawMeasurementValues[columnNameIdMapping.at(
+                                "SatelliteInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos")],
+                        0),
+                .satellitePvt = {},
+                .correlationVectors = {}};
+        measurementsVec.push_back(measurement);
+    }
+
+    GnssData gnssData = {
+            .measurements = measurementsVec, .clock = clock, .elapsedRealtime = timestamp};
+    return std::make_unique<GnssData>(gnssData);
+}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/GnssReplayUtils.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/GnssReplayUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6769bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/GnssReplayUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "GnssReplayUtils.h"
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+std::string ReplayUtils::getGnssPath() {
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> devname_value;
+
+    devname_value.fill(0);
+    if (property_get("debug.location.gnss.devname", devname_value.begin(), NULL) > 0) {
+        return devname_value.begin();
+    }
+
+    devname_value.fill(0);
+    if (property_get("vendor.ser.gnss-uart", devname_value.begin(), NULL) > 0) {
+        return devname_value.begin();
+    }
+
+    return GNSS_PATH;
+}
+
+std::string ReplayUtils::getFixedLocationPath() {
+    std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> devname_value;
+
+    devname_value.fill(0);
+    if (property_get("debug.location.fixedlocation.devname", devname_value.begin(), NULL) > 0) {
+        return devname_value.begin();
+    }
+
+    devname_value.fill(0);
+    if (property_get("vendor.ser.gnss-uart", devname_value.begin(), NULL) > 0) {
+        return devname_value.begin();
+    }
+
+    return FIXED_LOCATION_PATH;
+}
+
+bool ReplayUtils::hasGnssDeviceFile() {
+    struct stat sb;
+    return stat(getGnssPath().c_str(), &sb) != -1;
+}
+
+bool ReplayUtils::hasFixedLocationDeviceFile() {
+    struct stat sb;
+    return stat(getFixedLocationPath().c_str(), &sb) != -1;
+}
+
+bool ReplayUtils::isGnssRawMeasurement(const std::string& inputStr) {
+    // TODO: add more logic check to by pass invalid data.
+    return !inputStr.empty() && (inputStr.find("Raw") != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+bool ReplayUtils::isNMEA(const std::string& inputStr) {
+    return !inputStr.empty() && (inputStr.find("$GPRMC,", 0) != std::string::npos ||
+                                 inputStr.find("$GPRMA,", 0) != std::string::npos);
+}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/ParseUtils.cpp b/gnss/common/utils/default/ParseUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..648edf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/ParseUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ParseUtils.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+int ParseUtils::tryParseInt(const std::string& s, int defaultVal) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return defaultVal;
+    } else {
+        return std::stoi(s);
+    }
+}
+
+float ParseUtils::tryParsefloat(const std::string& s, float defaultVal) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return defaultVal;
+    } else {
+        return std::stof(s);
+    }
+}
+
+double ParseUtils::tryParseDouble(const std::string& s, double defaultVal) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return defaultVal;
+    } else {
+        return std::stod(s);
+    }
+}
+
+long ParseUtils::tryParseLong(const std::string& s, long defaultVal) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return defaultVal;
+    } else {
+        return std::stol(s);
+    }
+}
+
+long long ParseUtils::tryParseLongLong(const std::string& s, long long defaultVal) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return defaultVal;
+    } else {
+        return std::stoll(s);
+    }
+}
+
+void ParseUtils::splitStr(const std::string& line, const char& delimiter,
+                          std::vector<std::string>& out) {
+    std::istringstream iss(line);
+    std::string item;
+    while (std::getline(iss, item, delimiter)) {
+        out.push_back(item);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ParseUtils::isValidHeader(const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping) {
+    std::vector<std::string> requiredHeaderColumns = {"Raw",
+                                                      "utcTimeMillis",
+                                                      "TimeNanos",
+                                                      "LeapSecond",
+                                                      "TimeUncertaintyNanos",
+                                                      "FullBiasNanos",
+                                                      "BiasNanos",
+                                                      "BiasUncertaintyNanos",
+                                                      "DriftNanosPerSecond",
+                                                      "DriftUncertaintyNanosPerSecond",
+                                                      "HardwareClockDiscontinuityCount",
+                                                      "Svid",
+                                                      "TimeOffsetNanos",
+                                                      "State",
+                                                      "ReceivedSvTimeNanos",
+                                                      "ReceivedSvTimeUncertaintyNanos",
+                                                      "Cn0DbHz",
+                                                      "PseudorangeRateMetersPerSecond",
+                                                      "PseudorangeRateUncertaintyMetersPerSecond",
+                                                      "AccumulatedDeltaRangeState",
+                                                      "AccumulatedDeltaRangeMeters",
+                                                      "AccumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyMeters",
+                                                      "CarrierFrequencyHz",
+                                                      "CarrierCycles",
+                                                      "CarrierPhase",
+                                                      "CarrierPhaseUncertainty",
+                                                      "MultipathIndicator",
+                                                      "SnrInDb",
+                                                      "ConstellationType",
+                                                      "AgcDb",
+                                                      "BasebandCn0DbHz",
+                                                      "FullInterSignalBiasNanos",
+                                                      "FullInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos",
+                                                      "SatelliteInterSignalBiasNanos",
+                                                      "SatelliteInterSignalBiasUncertaintyNanos",
+                                                      "CodeType",
+                                                      "ChipsetElapsedRealtimeNanos"};
+
+    for (const auto& columnName : requiredHeaderColumns) {
+        if (columnNameIdMapping.find(columnName) == columnNameIdMapping.end()) {
+            ALOGE("Missing column %s in header.", columnName.c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/Constants.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/Constants.h
index 22afee1..489413e 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/Constants.h
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/Constants.h
@@ -34,6 +34,19 @@
 const float kGloG1FreqHz = 1602.0 * 1e6;
 const float kIrnssL5FreqHz = 1176.45 * 1e6;
 
+// Location replay constants
+constexpr char GNSS_PATH[] = "/dev/gnss0";
+constexpr char FIXED_LOCATION_PATH[] = "/dev/gnss1";
+constexpr int INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE = 256;
+constexpr char CMD_GET_LOCATION[] = "CMD_GET_LOCATION";
+constexpr char CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT[] = "CMD_GET_RAWMEASUREMENT";
+constexpr char LINE_SEPARATOR = '\n';
+constexpr char COMMA_SEPARATOR = ',';
+constexpr char GPGA_RECORD_TAG[] = "$GPGGA";
+constexpr char GPRMC_RECORD_TAG[] = "$GPRMC";
+constexpr double TIMESTAMP_EPSILON = 0.001;
+constexpr int MIN_COL_NUM = 13;
+
 }  // namespace common
 }  // namespace gnss
 }  // namespace hardware
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/DeviceFileReader.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/DeviceFileReader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2a5c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/DeviceFileReader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef android_hardware_gnss_common_default_DeviceFileReader_H_
+#define android_hardware_gnss_common_default_DeviceFileReader_H_
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "Constants.h"
+#include "GnssReplayUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+class DeviceFileReader {
+  public:
+    static DeviceFileReader& Instance() {
+        static DeviceFileReader reader;
+        return reader;
+    }
+    std::string getLocationData();
+    std::string getGnssRawMeasurementData();
+    void getDataFromDeviceFile(const std::string& command, int mMinIntervalMs);
+
+  private:
+    DeviceFileReader();
+    ~DeviceFileReader();
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> data_;
+    std::string s_buffer_;
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+};
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // android_hardware_gnss_common_default_DeviceFileReader_H_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/FixLocationParser.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/FixLocationParser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19748a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/FixLocationParser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef android_hardware_gnss_common_default_FixLocationParser_H_
+#define android_hardware_gnss_common_default_FixLocationParser_H_
+
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/2.0/IGnss.h>
+
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <Constants.h>
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include "Constants.h"
+#include "ParseUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+struct FixLocationParser {
+  public:
+    static std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> getLocationFromInputStr(const std::string& inputStr);
+};
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // android_hardware_gnss_common_default_FixLocationParser_H_
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/GnssRawMeasurementParser.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/GnssRawMeasurementParser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d6b4ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/GnssRawMeasurementParser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef android_hardware_gnss_common_default_GnssRawMeasurementParser_H_
+#define android_hardware_gnss_common_default_GnssRawMeasurementParser_H_
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/gnss/BnGnss.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "Constants.h"
+#include "ParseUtils.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+struct GnssRawMeasurementParser {
+    static std::unique_ptr<aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssData> getMeasurementFromStrs(
+            std::string& rawMeasurementStr);
+    static int getClockFlags(const std::vector<std::string>& rawMeasurementRecordValues,
+                             const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping);
+    static int getElapsedRealtimeFlags(
+            const std::vector<std::string>& rawMeasurementRecordValues,
+            const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping);
+    static int getRawMeasurementFlags(
+            const std::vector<std::string>& rawMeasurementRecordValues,
+            const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping);
+    static std::unordered_map<std::string, int> getColumnIdNameMappingFromHeader(
+            const std::string& header);
+    static aidl::android::hardware::gnss::GnssConstellationType getGnssConstellationType(
+            int constellationType);
+};
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // android_hardware_gnss_common_default_GnssRawMeasurementParser_H_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/GnssReplayUtils.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/GnssReplayUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1bbed4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/GnssReplayUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef android_hardware_gnss_common_GnssReplayUtils_H_
+#define android_hardware_gnss_common_GnssReplayUtils_H_
+
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "Constants.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+struct ReplayUtils {
+    static std::string getGnssPath();
+
+    static std::string getFixedLocationPath();
+
+    static std::string getDataFromDeviceFile(const std::string& command, int mMinIntervalMs);
+
+    static bool hasGnssDeviceFile();
+
+    static bool hasFixedLocationDeviceFile();
+
+    static bool isGnssRawMeasurement(const std::string& inputStr);
+
+    static bool isNMEA(const std::string& inputStr);
+};
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // android_hardware_gnss_common_GnssReplayUtils_H_
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h
index c96eece..5c27045 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/NmeaFixInfo.h
@@ -27,13 +27,6 @@
 namespace gnss {
 namespace common {
 
-constexpr char GPGA_RECORD_TAG[] = "$GPGGA";
-constexpr char GPRMC_RECORD_TAG[] = "$GPRMC";
-constexpr char LINE_SEPARATOR = '\n';
-constexpr char COMMA_SEPARATOR = ',';
-constexpr double TIMESTAMP_EPSILON = 0.001;
-constexpr int MIN_COL_NUM = 13;
-
 /** Helper class to parse and store the GNSS fix details information. */
 class NmeaFixInfo {
   private:
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/ParseUtils.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/ParseUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a56313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/ParseUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef android_hardware_gnss_common_default_ParseUtils_H_
+#define android_hardware_gnss_common_default_ParseUtils_H_
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace common {
+
+struct ParseUtils {
+    static int tryParseInt(const std::string& s, int defaultVal = 0);
+    static float tryParsefloat(const std::string& s, float defaultVal = 0.0);
+    static double tryParseDouble(const std::string& s, double defaultVal = 0.0);
+    static long tryParseLong(const std::string& s, long defaultVal = 0);
+    static long long tryParseLongLong(const std::string& s, long long defaultVal = 0);
+    static void splitStr(const std::string& line, const char& delimiter,
+                         std::vector<std::string>& out);
+    static bool isValidHeader(const std::unordered_map<std::string, int>& columnNameIdMapping);
+};
+
+}  // namespace common
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // android_hardware_gnss_common_default_ParseUtils_H_
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/v2_1/GnssTemplate.h b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/v2_1/GnssTemplate.h
index 48cab99..473e587 100644
--- a/gnss/common/utils/default/include/v2_1/GnssTemplate.h
+++ b/gnss/common/utils/default/include/v2_1/GnssTemplate.h
@@ -30,13 +30,15 @@
 
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
+#include "DeviceFileReader.h"
+#include "FixLocationParser.h"
 #include "GnssAntennaInfo.h"
 #include "GnssConfiguration.h"
 #include "GnssDebug.h"
 #include "GnssMeasurement.h"
 #include "GnssMeasurementCorrections.h"
+#include "GnssReplayUtils.h"
 #include "MockLocation.h"
-#include "NmeaFixInfo.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 
 namespace android::hardware::gnss::common::implementation {
@@ -159,53 +161,13 @@
 
 template <class T_IGnss>
 std::unique_ptr<V2_0::GnssLocation> GnssTemplate<T_IGnss>::getLocationFromHW() {
-    char inputBuffer[INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    if (!mHardwareModeChecked) {
-        // default using gnss0
-        const char * gnss_dev_path = GNSS_PATH;
-        char devname_value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = "";
-        if (property_get("debug.location.gnss.devname", devname_value, NULL) > 0) {
-            gnss_dev_path = devname_value;
-            ALOGD("using %s instead of the default %s", gnss_dev_path, GNSS_PATH);
-        }
-
-        mGnssFd = open(gnss_dev_path, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
-        if (mGnssFd == -1) {
-            ALOGW("Failed to open %s errno: %d", gnss_dev_path, errno);
-        }
-        mHardwareModeChecked = true;
-    }
-
-    if (mGnssFd == -1) {
+    mHardwareModeChecked = true;
+    if (!ReplayUtils::hasFixedLocationDeviceFile()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-
-    int bytes_write = write(mGnssFd, CMD_GET_LOCATION, strlen(CMD_GET_LOCATION));
-    if (bytes_write <= 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    struct epoll_event ev, events[1];
-    ev.data.fd = mGnssFd;
-    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
-    int epoll_fd = epoll_create1(0);
-    epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, mGnssFd, &ev);
-    int bytes_read = -1;
-    std::string inputStr = "";
-    int epoll_ret = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, 1, mMinIntervalMs);
-
-    if (epoll_ret == -1) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    while (true) {
-        memset(inputBuffer, 0, INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
-        bytes_read = read(mGnssFd, &inputBuffer, INPUT_BUFFER_SIZE);
-        if (bytes_read <= 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        inputStr += std::string(inputBuffer, bytes_read);
-    }
-    return NmeaFixInfo::getLocationFromInputStr(inputStr);
+    std::string inputStr =
+            ::android::hardware::gnss::common::DeviceFileReader::Instance().getLocationData();
+    return FixLocationParser::getLocationFromInputStr(inputStr);
 }
 
 template <class T_IGnss>
diff --git a/health/aidl/Android.bp b/health/aidl/Android.bp
index 86bca69..4acf38a 100644
--- a/health/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/health/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -36,11 +36,6 @@
             enabled: true,
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
diff --git a/health/storage/aidl/Android.bp b/health/storage/aidl/Android.bp
index 4cd9263..c614efb 100644
--- a/health/storage/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/health/storage/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -33,11 +33,6 @@
         java: {
             enabled: false,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/identity/aidl/Android.bp b/identity/aidl/Android.bp
index e3b8191..907a6b6 100644
--- a/identity/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/identity/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -23,9 +23,6 @@
             platform_apis: true,
         },
         ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
             apps_enabled: false,
         },
     },
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index bf56860..fb5048a 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <openssl/mem.h>
 #include <openssl/x509.h>
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include <keymasterV4_0/attestation_record.h>
@@ -386,6 +387,31 @@
     return property_get("ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state", value, "") != 0;
 }
 
+int get_vsr_api_level() {
+    int vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.vendor.api_level", -1);
+    if (vendor_api_level != -1) {
+        return vendor_api_level;
+    }
+
+    // Android S and older devices do not define ro.vendor.api_level
+    vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.board.api_level", -1);
+    if (vendor_api_level == -1) {
+        vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.board.first_api_level", -1);
+    }
+
+    int product_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.product.first_api_level", -1);
+    if (product_api_level == -1) {
+        product_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.build.version.sdk", -1);
+        EXPECT_NE(product_api_level, -1) << "Could not find ro.build.version.sdk";
+    }
+
+    // VSR API level is the minimum of vendor_api_level and product_api_level.
+    if (vendor_api_level == -1 || vendor_api_level > product_api_level) {
+        return product_api_level;
+    }
+    return vendor_api_level;
+}
+
 bool is_gsi() {
     char property_value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX] = {};
     EXPECT_NE(property_get("ro.product.system.name", property_value, ""), 0);
@@ -4833,6 +4859,18 @@
 
 INSTANTIATE_KEYMASTER_HIDL_TEST(TransportLimitTest);
 
+using VsrRequirementTest = KeymasterHidlTest;
+
+TEST_P(VsrRequirementTest, Vsr13Test) {
+    int vsr_api_level = get_vsr_api_level();
+    if (vsr_api_level < 33) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Applies only to VSR API level 33, this device is: " << vsr_api_level;
+    }
+    FAIL() << "VSR 13+ requires KeyMint version 2";
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_KEYMASTER_HIDL_TEST(VsrRequirementTest);
+
 }  // namespace test
 }  // namespace V4_0
 }  // namespace keymaster
diff --git a/keymaster/aidl/Android.bp b/keymaster/aidl/Android.bp
index c4b6740..0fb6e4c 100644
--- a/keymaster/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/keymaster/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: [
         "1",
diff --git a/light/aidl/Android.bp b/light/aidl/Android.bp
index c8973f3..e714212 100644
--- a/light/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/light/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 29b31d2..a41f37f 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@
         "libneuralnetworks_headers",
     ],
     test_suites: [
-        "general-tests",
         "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index e9d4b76..7c1c118 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@
         "libneuralnetworks_headers",
     ],
     test_suites: [
-        "general-tests",
         "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 2177924..7e4b5bb 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -85,7 +85,6 @@
         "libneuralnetworks_headers",
     ],
     test_suites: [
-        "general-tests",
         "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp b/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 9fa0f0a..07071cc 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@
         "libneuralnetworks_headers",
     ],
     test_suites: [
-        "general-tests",
         "vts",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/TEST_MAPPING b/neuralnetworks/TEST_MAPPING
index d296828..3218206 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/neuralnetworks/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -17,54 +17,10 @@
     },
     {
       "name": "neuralnetworks_utils_hal_aidl_test"
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "VtsHalNeuralnetworksV1_0TargetTest",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          // Do not use any sample driver except sample-all in order to reduce
-          // testing time. The other sample drivers (fast-float, quant, etc.)
-          // are subsets of sample-all.
-          "include-filter": "-*sample_float_fast*:*sample_float_slow*:*sample_minimal*:*sample_quant*"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "VtsHalNeuralnetworksV1_1TargetTest",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          // Do not use any sample driver except sample-all in order to reduce
-          // testing time. The other sample drivers (fast-float, quant, etc.)
-          // are subsets of sample-all.
-          "include-filter": "-*sample_float_fast*:*sample_float_slow*:*sample_minimal*:*sample_quant*"
-        }
-      ]
     }
   ],
   "presubmit-large": [
     {
-      "name": "VtsHalNeuralnetworksV1_2TargetTest",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          // Do not use any sample driver except sample-all in order to reduce
-          // testing time. The other sample drivers (fast-float, quant, etc.)
-          // are subsets of sample-all.
-          "include-filter": "-*sample_float_fast*:*sample_float_slow*:*sample_minimal*:*sample_quant*"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
-      "name": "VtsHalNeuralnetworksV1_3TargetTest",
-      "options": [
-        {
-          // Do not use any sample driver except sample-all in order to reduce
-          // testing time. The other sample drivers (fast-float, quant, etc.)
-          // are subsets of sample-all.
-          "include-filter": "-*sample_float_fast*:*sample_float_slow*:*sample_minimal*:*sample_quant*"
-        }
-      ]
-    },
-    {
       "name": "VtsHalNeuralnetworksTargetTest",
       "options": [
         {
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/Android.bp b/nfc/aidl/Android.bp
index 30365f6..a2422b1 100644
--- a/nfc/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/nfc/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -34,10 +34,5 @@
             sdk_version: "module_current",
             enabled: false,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
diff --git a/oemlock/aidl/Android.bp b/oemlock/aidl/Android.bp
index d1930f9..1c19bb1 100644
--- a/oemlock/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/oemlock/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/power/aidl/Android.bp b/power/aidl/Android.bp
index c722795..63a40ed 100644
--- a/power/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/power/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -35,11 +35,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: [
         "1",
diff --git a/power/stats/aidl/Android.bp b/power/stats/aidl/Android.bp
index 48d3c51..b1b2515 100644
--- a/power/stats/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/power/stats/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
         cpp: {
             enabled: true,
         },
diff --git a/radio/aidl/Android.bp b/radio/aidl/Android.bp
index e1808af..cfd6ebf 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/radio/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -20,11 +20,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -42,11 +37,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -64,11 +54,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -86,11 +71,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -108,11 +88,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -130,11 +105,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -155,11 +125,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
 
@@ -177,10 +142,5 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
diff --git a/rebootescrow/aidl/Android.bp b/rebootescrow/aidl/Android.bp
index c764f86..39aaa07 100644
--- a/rebootescrow/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/rebootescrow/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/security/dice/aidl/Android.bp b/security/dice/aidl/Android.bp
index 8c31e26..48c3e7e 100644
--- a/security/dice/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/security/dice/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -34,9 +34,6 @@
             platform_apis: false,
         },
         ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
             apps_enabled: false,
             apex_available: [
                 "//apex_available:platform",
diff --git a/security/keymint/RKP_CHANGELOG.md b/security/keymint/RKP_CHANGELOG.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67d68d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/keymint/RKP_CHANGELOG.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Remote Provisioning Changelog
+
+This document provides an exact description of which changes have occurred in the
+`IRemotelyProvisionedComponent` HAL interface in each Android release.
+
+## Releases
+* **Android S (12):** IRemotelyProvisionedComponent v1
+* **Android T (13):** IRemotelyProvisionedComponent v2
+
+## IRemotelyProvisionedComponent 1 -> 2
+* DeviceInfo
+ * Most entries are no longer optional.
+ * `att_id_state` is now `fused`. `fused` is used to indicate if SecureBoot is enabled.
+ * `version` is now `2`.
+ * `board` has been removed.
+ * `device` has been added.
+* RpcHardwareInfo
+ * `uniqueId` String added as a field in order to differentiate IRPC instances on device.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/security/keymint/RKP_README.md b/security/keymint/RKP_README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89a2598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/security/keymint/RKP_README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,374 @@
+# Remote Provisioning HAL
+
+## Objective
+
+Design a HAL to support over-the-air provisioning of certificates for asymmetric
+keys. The HAL must interact effectively with Keystore (and other daemons) and
+protect device privacy and security.
+
+Note that this API is designed for KeyMint, but with the intention that it
+should be usable for other HALs that require certificate provisioning.
+Throughout this document we'll refer to the Keystore and KeyMint (formerly
+called Keymaster) components, but only for concreteness and convenience; those
+labels could be replaced with the names of any system and secure area
+components, respectively, that need certificates provisioned.
+
+## Key design decisions
+
+### General approach
+
+To more securely and reliably get keys and certificates to Android devices, we
+need to create a system where no party outside of the device's secure components
+is responsible for managing private keys. The strategy we've chosen is to
+deliver certificates over the air, using an asymmetric key pair created
+on-device in the factory as a root of trust to create an authenticated, secure
+channel. In this document we refer to this device-unique asymmetric key pair as
+Device Key (DK), its public half DK\_pub, its private half DK\_priv and a Device
+Key Certificate containing DK\_pub is denoted DKC.
+
+In order for the provisioning service to use DK (or a key authenticated by DK),
+it must know whether a given DK\_pub is known and trusted. To prove trust, we
+ask device OEMs to use one of two mechanisms:
+
+1.  (Preferred, recommended) The device OEM extracts DK\_pub from each device it
+    manufactures and uploads the public keys to a backend server.
+
+1.  The device OEM signs the DK\_pub to produce DKC and stores it on the device.
+    This has the advantage that they don't need to upload a DK\_pub for every
+    device immediately, but the disadvantage that they have to manage their
+    private signing keys, which means they have to have HSMs, configure and
+    secure them correctly, etc. Some backend providers may also require that the
+    OEM passes a factory security audit, and additionally promises to upload the
+    keys eventually as well.
+
+Note that in the full elaboration of this plan, DK\_pub is not the key used to
+establish a secure channel. Instead, DK\_pub is just the first public key in a
+chain of public keys which ends with the KeyMint public key, KM\_pub. All keys
+in the chain are device-unique and are joined in a certificate chain called the
+_Boot Certificate Chain_ (BCC), because in phases 2 and 3 of the remote
+provisioning project it is a chain of certificates corresponding to boot phases.
+We speak of the BCC even for phase 1, though in phase 1 it contains only a
+single self-signed DKC. This is described in more depth in the Phases section
+below.
+
+The BCC is authenticated by DK\_pub. To authenticate DK\_pub, we may have
+additional DKCs, from the SoC vendor, the device OEM, or both. Those are not
+part of the BCC but included as optional fields in the certificate request
+structure.
+
+The format of the the DK and BCC is specified within [Open Profile for DICE]
+(https://pigweed.googlesource.com/open-dice/+/HEAD/docs/specification.md).  To
+map phrases within this document to their equivalent terminology in the DICE
+specification, read the terms as follows: the DK corresponds to the UDS-derived
+key pair, DKC corresponds to the UDS certificate, and the BCC entries between
+DK\_pub and KM\_pub correspond to a chain of CDI certificates.
+
+Note: In addition to allowing 32 byte hash values for fields in the BCC payload,
+this spec additionally constrains some of the choices allowed in open-DICE.
+Specifically, these include which entries are required and which are optional in
+the BCC payload, and which algorithms are acceptable for use.
+
+### Phases
+
+RKP will be deployed in three phases, in terms of managing the root of trust
+binding between the device and the backend. To briefly describe them:
+
+* Phase 1: In phase 1 there is only one entry in the BCC; DK_pub and KM_pub are
+  the same key and the certificate is self-signed.
+* Phase 2: This is identical to phase 1, except it leverages the hardware root
+  of trust process described by DICE. Instead of trust being rooted in the TEE,
+  it is now rooted in the ROM by key material blown into fuses which are only
+  accessible to the ROM code.
+* Phase 3: This is identical to Phase 2, except the SoC vendor also does the
+  public key extraction or certification in their facilities, along with the OEM
+  doing it in the factory. This tightens up the "supply chain" and aims to make
+  key upload management more secure.
+
+### Privacy considerations
+
+Because DK and the DKCs are unique, immutable, unspoofable hardware-bound
+identifiers for the device, we must limit access to them to the absolute minimum
+possible. We do this in two ways:
+
+1.  We require KeyMint (which knows the BCC and either knows or at least has the
+ability to use KM\_priv) to refuse to ever divulge the BCC or additional
+signatures in plaintext. Instead, KeyMint requires the caller to provide an
+_Endpoint Encryption Key_ (EEK), with which it will encrypt the data before
+returning it. When provisioning production keys, the EEK must be signed by an
+approved authority whose public key is embedded in KeyMint. When certifying test
+keys, KeyMint will accept any EEK without checking the signature, but will
+encrypt and return a test BCC, rather than the real one.  The result is that
+only an entity in possession of an Trusted EEK (TEEK) private key can discover
+the plaintext of the production BCC.
+1.  Having thus limited access to the public keys to the trusted party only, we
+need to prevent the entity from abusing this unique device identifier.  The
+approach and mechanisms for doing that are beyond the scope of this document
+(they must be addressed in the server design), but generally involve taking care
+to ensure that we do not create any links between user IDs, IP addresses or
+issued certificates and the device pubkey.
+
+Although the details of the mechanisms for preventing the entity from abusing
+the BCC are, as stated, beyond the scope of this document, there is a subtle
+design decision here made specifically to enable abuse prevention. Specifically
+the `CertificateRequest` message sent to the server is (in
+[CDDL](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8610)):
+
+```
+cddl
+CertificateRequest = [
+    DeviceInfo,
+    challenge : bstr,
+    ProtectedData,
+    MacedKeysToSign
+]
+```
+
+The public keys to be attested by the server are in `MacedKeysToSign`, which is
+a COSE\_Mac0 structure, MACed with a key that is found in `ProtectedData`. The
+MAC key is signed by DK\_pub.
+
+This structure allows the backend component that has access to EEK\_priv to
+decrypt `ProtectedData`, validate that the request is from an authorized device,
+check that the request is fresh and verify and extract the MAC key. That backend
+component never sees any data related to the keys to be signed, but can provide
+the MAC key to another backend component that can verify `MacedKeysToSign` and
+proceed to generate the certificates.
+
+In this way, we can partition the provisioning server into one component that
+knows the device identity, as represented by DK\_pub, but never sees the keys to
+be certified or certificates generated, and another component that sees the keys
+to be certified and certificates generated but does not know the device
+identity.
+
+### Key and cryptographic message formatting
+
+For simplicity of generation and parsing, compactness of wire representation,
+and flexibility and standardization, we've settled on using the CBOR Object
+Signing and Encryption (COSE) standard, defined in [RFC
+8152](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8152). COSE provides compact and reasonably
+simple, yet easily-extensible, wire formats for:
+
+*   Keys,
+*   MACed messages,
+*   Signed messages, and
+*   Encrypted messages
+
+COSE enables easy layering of these message formats, such as using a COSE\_Sign
+structure to contain a COSE\_Key with a public key in it. We call this a
+"certificate".
+
+Due to the complexity of the standard, we'll spell out the COSE structures
+completely in this document and in the HAL and other documentation, so that
+although implementors will need to understand CBOR and the CBOR Data Definition
+Language ([CDDL, defined in RFC 8610](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8610)),
+they shouldn't need to understand COSE.
+
+Note, however, that the certificate chains returned from the provisioning server
+are standard X.509 certificates.
+
+### Algorithm choices
+
+This document uses:
+
+*   ECDSA P-256 for attestation signing keys;
+*   Remote provisioning protocol signing keys:
+  *  Ed25519 / P-256
+*   ECDH keys:
+  *  X25519 / P-256
+*   AES-GCM for all encryption;
+*   SHA-256 for all message digesting;
+*   HMAC-SHA-256 for all MACing; and
+*   HKDF-SHA-256 for all key derivation.
+
+We believe that Curve25519 offers the best tradeoff in terms of security,
+efficiency and global trustworthiness, and that it is now sufficiently
+widely-used and widely-implemented to make it a practical choice.
+
+However, since Secure Elements (SE) do not currently offer support for curve
+25519, we are allowing implementations to instead make use of EC P-256 for
+signing and ECDH. To put it simply, the device unique key pair will be a P-256
+key pair for ECDSA instead of Ed25519, and the ProtectedData COSE\_Encrypt
+message will have its payload encrypted with P-256 ECDH key exchange instead of
+X25519.
+
+The CDDL in the rest of the document will use the '/' operator to show areas
+where either curve 25519 or P-256 may be used. Since there is no easy way to
+bind choices across different CDDL groups, it is important that the implementor
+stays consistent in which type is chosen. E.g. taking ES256 as the choice for
+algorithm implies the implementor should also choose the P256 public key group
+further down in the COSE structure.
+
+### Testability
+
+It's critical that the remote provisioning implementation be testable, to
+minimize the probability that broken devices are sold to end users. To support
+testing, the remote provisioning HAL methods take a `testMode` argument. Keys
+created in test mode are tagged to indicate this. The provisioning server will
+check for the test mode tag and issue test certificates that do not chain back
+to a trusted public key. In test mode, any EEK will be accepted, enabling
+testing tools to use EEKs for which they have the private key so they can
+validate the content of certificate requests. The BCC included in the
+`CertificateRequest` must contain freshly-generated keys, not the real BCC keys.
+
+Keystore (or similar) will need to be able to handle both testMode keys and
+production keys and keep them distinct, generating test certificate requests
+when asked with a test EEK and production certificate requests when asked with a
+production EEK. Likewise, the interface used to instruct Keystore to create keys
+will need to be able to specify whether test or production keys are desired.
+
+## Design
+
+### Certificate provisioning flow
+
+TODO(jbires): Replace this with a `.png` containing a sequence diagram.  The
+provisioning flow looks something like this:
+
+Provisioner -> Keystore: Prepare N keys
+Keystore -> KeyMint: generateKeyPair
+KeyMint -> KeyMint: Generate  key pair
+KeyMint --> Keystore: key\_blob,pubkey
+Keystore -> Keystore: Store key\_blob,pubkey
+Provisioner -> Server: Get TEEK
+Server --> Provisioner: TEEK
+Provisioner -> Keystore: genCertReq(N, TEEK)
+Keystore -> KeyMint: genCertReq(pubkeys, TEEK)
+KeyMint -> KeyMint: Sign pubkeys & encrypt BCC
+KeyMint --> Keystore: signature, encrypted BCC
+Keystore -> Keystore: Construct cert\_request
+Keystore --> Provisioner: cert\_request
+Provisioner --> Server: cert\_request
+Server -> Server: Validate cert\_request
+Server -> Server: Generate certificates
+Server --> Provisioner: certificates
+Provisioner -> Keystore: certificates
+Keystore -> Keystore: Store certificates
+
+The actors in the above diagram are:
+
+*   **Server** is the backend certificate provisioning server. It has access to
+    the uploaded device public keys and is responsible for providing encryption
+    keys, decrypting and validating requests, and generating certificates in
+    response to requests.
+*   **Provisioner** is an application that is responsible for communicating with
+    the server and all of the system components that require key certificates
+    from the server. It also implements the policy that defines how many key
+    pairs each client should keep in their pool.
+*   **Keystore** is the [Android keystore
+    daemon](https://developer.android.com/training/articles/keystore) (or, more
+    generally, whatever system component manages communications with a
+    particular secure aread component).
+*   **KeyMint** is the secure area component that manages cryptographic keys and
+    performs attestations (or perhaps some other secure area component).
+
+### `BCC`
+
+The _Boot Certificate Chain_ (BCC) is the chain of certificates that contains
+DK\_pub as well as other often device-unique certificates. The BCC is
+represented as a COSE\_Key containing DK\_pub followed by an array of
+COSE\_Sign1 "certificates" containing public keys and optional additional
+information, ordered from root to leaf, with each certificate signing the next.
+The first certificate in the array is signed by DK\_pub, the last certificate
+has the KeyMint (or whatever) signing key's public key, KM\_pub. In phase 1
+there is only one entry; DK\_pub and KM\_pub are the same key and the
+certificate is self-signed.
+
+Each COSE\_Sign1 certificate is a CBOR Web Token (CWT) as described in [RFC
+8392](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8392) with additional fields as described
+in the Open Profile for DICE. Of these additional fields, only the
+_subjectPublicKey_ and _keyUsage_ fields are expected to be present for the
+KM\_pub entry (that is, the last entry) in a BCC, but all fields required by the
+Open Profile for DICE are expected for other entries (each of which corresponds
+to a particular firmware component or boot stage). The CWT fields _iss_ and
+_sub_ identify the issuer and subject of the certificate and are consistent
+along the BCC entries; the issuer of a given entry matches the subject of the
+previous entry.
+
+The BCC is designed to be constructed using the Open Profile for DICE. In this
+case the DK key pair is derived from the UDS as described by that profile and
+all BCC entries before the leaf are CBOR CDI certificates chained from DK\_pub.
+The KM key pair is not part of the derived DICE chain. It is generated (not
+derived) by the KeyMint module, certified by the last key in the DICE chain, and
+added as the leaf BCC entry. The key usage field in this leaf certificate must
+indicate the key is not used to sign certificates. If a UDS certificate is
+available on the device it should appear in the certificate request as the leaf
+of a DKCertChain in AdditionalDKSignatures (see
+[CertificateRequest](#certificaterequest)).
+
+The Open Profile for DICE allows for an arbitrary configuration descriptor. For
+BCC entries, this configuration descriptor is a CBOR map with the following
+optional fields. If no fields are relevant, an empty map should be encoded.
+Additional implementation-specific fields may be added using key values not in
+the range \[-70000, -70999\] (these are reserved for future additions here).
+
+```
+| Name              | Key    | Value type | Meaning                           |
+| ----------------- | ------ | ---------- | ----------------------------------|
+| Component name    | -70002 | tstr       | Name of firmware component / boot |
+:                   :        :            : stage                             :
+| Component version | -70003 | int        | Version of firmware component /   |
+:                   :        :            : boot stage                        :
+| Resettable        | -70004 | null       | If present, key changes on factory|
+:                   :        :            : reset                             :
+```
+
+Please see
+[ProtectedData.aidl](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:hardware/interfaces/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/ProtectedData.aidl)
+for a full CDDL definition of the BCC.
+
+### `CertificateRequest`
+
+The full CBOR message that will be sent to the server to request certificates
+is:
+
+```cddl
+CertificateRequest = [
+    DeviceInfo,
+    challenge : bstr,       // Provided by the server
+    ProtectedData,          // See ProtectedData.aidl
+    MacedKeysToSign         // See IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl
+]
+
+DeviceInfo = [
+    VerifiedDeviceInfo,     // See DeviceInfo.aidl
+    UnverifiedDeviceInfo
+]
+
+// Unverified info is anything provided by the HLOS. Subject to change out of
+// step with the HAL.
+UnverifiedDeviceInfo = {
+    ? "fingerprint" : tstr,
+}
+
+```
+
+It will be the responsibility of Keystore and the Provisioner to construct the
+`CertificateRequest`. The HAL provides a method to generate the elements that
+need to be constructed on the secure side, which are the tag field of
+`MacedKeysToSign`, `VerifiedDeviceInfo`, and the ciphertext field of
+`ProtectedData`.
+
+### HAL
+
+The remote provisioning HAL provides a simple interface that can be implemented
+by multiple secure components that require remote provisioning. It would be
+slightly simpler to extend the KeyMint API, but that approach would only serve
+the needs of KeyMint, this is more general.
+
+NOTE the data structures defined in this HAL may look a little bloated and
+complex. This is because the COSE data structures are fully spelled-out; we
+could make it much more compact by not re-specifying the standardized elements
+and instead just referencing the standard, but it seems better to fully specify
+them. If the apparent complexity seems daunting, consider what the same would
+look like if traditional ASN.1 DER-based structures from X.509 and related
+standards were used and also fully elaborated.
+
+Please see the related HAL documentation directly in the source code at the
+following links:
+
+*   [IRemotelyProvisionedComponent
+    HAL](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:hardware/interfaces/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.aidl)
+*   [ProtectedData](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:hardware/interfaces/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/ProtectedData.aidl)
+*   [MacedPublicKey](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:hardware/interfaces/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/MacedPublicKey.aidl)
+*   [RpcHardwareInfo](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:hardware/interfaces/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/RpcHardwareInfo.aidl)
+*   [DeviceInfo](https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/master:hardware/interfaces/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/DeviceInfo.aidl)
+
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/Android.bp b/security/keymint/aidl/Android.bp
index c9ee1b3..73c7b97 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -22,9 +22,6 @@
             platform_apis: true,
         },
         ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
             apps_enabled: false,
         },
         rust: {
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl
index b9694e9..2caa4d5 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/IKeyMintDevice.aidl
@@ -336,6 +336,17 @@
      * Only Tag::KEY_SIZE is required to generate an 3DES key, and its value must be 168.  If
      * omitted, generateKey must return ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_KEY_SIZE.
      *
+     * == HMAC Keys ==
+     *
+     * Tag::KEY_SIZE must be provided to generate an HMAC key, and its value must be >= 64 and a
+     * multiple of 8.  All devices must support key sizes up to 512 bits, but StrongBox devices must
+     * not support key sizes larger than 512 bits.  If omitted or invalid, generateKey() must return
+     * ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_KEY_SIZE.
+     *
+     * Tag::MIN_MAC_LENGTH must be provided, and must be a multiple of 8 in the range 64 to 512
+     * bits (inclusive). If omitted, generateKey must return ErrorCode::MISSING_MIN_MAC_LENGTH; if
+     * invalid, generateKey must return ErrorCode::UNSUPPORTED_MIN_MAC_LENGTH.
+     *
      * @param keyParams Key generation parameters are defined as KeyMintDevice tag/value pairs,
      *        provided in params.  See above for detailed specifications of which tags are required
      *        for which types of keys.
@@ -661,19 +672,19 @@
      *   structure, because it cannot add the DigestInfo structure.  Instead, the IKeyMintDevice
      *   must construct 0x00 || 0x01 || PS || 0x00 || M, where M is the provided message and PS is a
      *   random padding string at least eight bytes in length.  The size of the RSA key has to be at
-     *   least 11 bytes larger than the message, otherwise begin() must return
+     *   least 11 bytes larger than the message, otherwise finish() must return
      *   ErrorCode::INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH.
      *
      * o PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_1_5_ENCRYPT padding does not require a digest.
      *
-     * o PaddingMode::RSA_PSS padding requires a digest, which must match one of the padding values
+     * o PaddingMode::RSA_PSS padding requires a digest, which must match one of the digest values
      *   in the key authorizations, and which may not be Digest::NONE.  begin() must return
      *   ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST if this is not the case.  In addition, the size of the RSA
-     *   key must be at least 2 + D bytes larger than the output size of the digest, where D is the
-     *   size of the digest, in bytes.  Otherwise begin() must return
-     *   ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST.  The salt size must be D.
+     *   key must be at least (D + S + 9) bits, where D is the size of the digest (in bits) and
+     *   S is the size of the salt (in bits).  The salt size S must equal D, so the RSA key must
+     *   be at least (2*D + 9) bits. Otherwise begin() must return ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST.
      *
-     * o PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP padding requires a digest, which must match one of the padding values
+     * o PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP padding requires a digest, which must match one of the digest values
      *   in the key authorizations, and which may not be Digest::NONE.  begin() must return
      *   ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST if this is not the case.  RSA_OAEP padding also requires an
      *   MGF1 digest, specified with Tag::RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, which must match one of the MGF1
@@ -683,9 +694,9 @@
      *
      * -- EC Keys --
      *
-     * Private key operations (KeyPurpose::SIGN) need authorization of digest and padding, which
-     * means that the key authorizations must contain the specified values.  If not, begin() must
-     * return ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST.
+     * Private key operations (KeyPurpose::SIGN) need authorization of digest, which means that the
+     * key authorizations must contain the specified values.  If not, begin() must return
+     * ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_DIGEST.
      *
      * -- AES Keys --
      *
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyPurpose.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyPurpose.aidl
index fd103ef..32e71a7 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyPurpose.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyPurpose.aidl
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 @Backing(type="int")
 enum KeyPurpose {
-    /* Usable with RSA, 3DES and AES keys. */
+    /* Usable with 3DES and AES keys. */
     ENCRYPT = 0,
 
     /* Usable with RSA, 3DES and AES keys. */
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     /* Usable with RSA, EC and HMAC keys. */
     SIGN = 2,
 
-    /* Usable with RSA, EC and HMAC keys. */
+    /* Usable with HMAC keys. */
     VERIFY = 3,
 
     /* 4 is reserved */
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/PaddingMode.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/PaddingMode.aidl
index e71a9c9..6ff4b29 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/PaddingMode.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/PaddingMode.aidl
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 @Backing(type="int")
 enum PaddingMode {
-    NONE = 1, /* deprecated */
+    NONE = 1,
     RSA_OAEP = 2,
     RSA_PSS = 3,
     RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT = 4,
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
index 42dfad5..871a1ac 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
@@ -186,10 +186,16 @@
      * Tag::RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST specifies the MGF1 digest algorithms that may be used with RSA
      * encryption/decryption with OAEP padding.  Possible values are defined by the Digest enum.
      *
-     * This tag is repeatable for key generation/import.  RSA cipher operations with OAEP padding
-     * must specify an MGF1 digest in the params argument of begin(). If this tag is missing or the
-     * specified digest is not in the MGF1 digests associated with the key then begin operation must
-     * fail with ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_MGF_DIGEST.
+     * This tag is repeatable for key generation/import.
+     *
+     * If the caller specifies an MGF1 digest in the params argument of begin(), that digest must be
+     * present as an RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST value in the key characteristics (or the begin() operation
+     * must fail with ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_MGF_DIGEST).
+     *
+     * If the caller does not specify an MGF1 digest in the params argument of begin(), a default
+     * MGF1 digest of SHA1 is used.  If the key characteristics have any explicitly specified values
+     * for RSA_OAEP_MGF_DIGEST, then SHA1 must be included (or the begin() operation must fail with
+     * ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_MGF_DIGEST).
      *
      * Must be hardware-enforced.
      */
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
index 240de35..ca517ac 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/AttestKeyTest.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "keymint_1_attest_key_test"
 #include <cutils/log.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include <keymint_support/key_param_output.h>
 #include <keymint_support/openssl_utils.h>
@@ -33,7 +34,33 @@
 
 }  // namespace
 
-using AttestKeyTest = KeyMintAidlTestBase;
+class AttestKeyTest : public KeyMintAidlTestBase {
+  protected:
+    ErrorCode GenerateAttestKey(const AuthorizationSet& key_desc,
+                                const optional<AttestationKey>& attest_key,
+                                vector<uint8_t>* key_blob,
+                                vector<KeyCharacteristics>* key_characteristics,
+                                vector<Certificate>* cert_chain) {
+        // The original specification for KeyMint v1 required ATTEST_KEY not be combined
+        // with any other key purpose, but the original VTS tests incorrectly did exactly that.
+        // This means that a device that launched prior to Android T (API level 33) may
+        // accept or even require KeyPurpose::SIGN too.
+        if (property_get_int32("ro.board.first_api_level", 0) < 33) {
+            AuthorizationSet key_desc_plus_sign = key_desc;
+            key_desc_plus_sign.push_back(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::SIGN);
+
+            auto result = GenerateKey(key_desc_plus_sign, attest_key, key_blob, key_characteristics,
+                                      cert_chain);
+            if (result == ErrorCode::OK) {
+                return result;
+            }
+            // If the key generation failed, it may be because the device is (correctly)
+            // rejecting the combination of ATTEST_KEY+SIGN.  Fall through to try again with
+            // just ATTEST_KEY.
+        }
+        return GenerateKey(key_desc, attest_key, key_blob, key_characteristics, cert_chain);
+    }
+};
 
 /*
  * AttestKeyTest.AllRsaSizes
@@ -49,12 +76,13 @@
         AttestationKey attest_key;
         vector<KeyCharacteristics> attest_key_characteristics;
         vector<Certificate> attest_key_cert_chain;
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                     .RsaKey(size, 65537)
-                                                     .AttestKey()
-                                                     .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                             {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
-                                             &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
+        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
+                  GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                            .RsaKey(size, 65537)
+                                            .AttestKey()
+                                            .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                    {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
+                                    &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
 
         ASSERT_GT(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 0);
         EXPECT_EQ(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 1);
@@ -227,17 +255,17 @@
     AttestationKey attest_key;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> attest_key_characteristics;
     vector<Certificate> attest_key_cert_chain;
-    auto result = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                      .RsaKey(2048, 65537)
-                                      .AttestKey()
-                                      .AttestationChallenge(challenge)
-                                      .AttestationApplicationId(app_id)
-                                      .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
-                                      .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
-                                      .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                      .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                              {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
-                              &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain);
+    auto result = GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                            .RsaKey(2048, 65537)
+                                            .AttestKey()
+                                            .AttestationChallenge(challenge)
+                                            .AttestationApplicationId(app_id)
+                                            .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
+                                            .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
+                                            .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                            .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                    {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
+                                    &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain);
     // Strongbox may not support factory provisioned attestation key.
     if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
         if (result == ErrorCode::ATTESTATION_KEYS_NOT_PROVISIONED) return;
@@ -331,17 +359,17 @@
             attest_key_opt = attest_key;
         }
 
-        auto result = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                          .RsaKey(2048, 65537)
-                                          .AttestKey()
-                                          .AttestationChallenge("foo")
-                                          .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
-                                          .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                          .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
-                                          .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
-                                          .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                  attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i], &attested_key_characteristics,
-                                  &cert_chain_list[i]);
+        auto result = GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                                .RsaKey(2048, 65537)
+                                                .AttestKey()
+                                                .AttestationChallenge("foo")
+                                                .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
+                                                .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                                .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
+                                                .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
+                                                .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                        attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i],
+                                        &attested_key_characteristics, &cert_chain_list[i]);
         // Strongbox may not support factory provisioned attestation key.
         if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
             if (result == ErrorCode::ATTESTATION_KEYS_NOT_PROVISIONED) return;
@@ -408,17 +436,17 @@
             attest_key_opt = attest_key;
         }
 
-        auto result = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                          .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
-                                          .AttestKey()
-                                          .AttestationChallenge("foo")
-                                          .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
-                                          .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
-                                          .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
-                                          .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                          .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                  attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i], &attested_key_characteristics,
-                                  &cert_chain_list[i]);
+        auto result = GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                                .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
+                                                .AttestKey()
+                                                .AttestationChallenge("foo")
+                                                .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
+                                                .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
+                                                .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
+                                                .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                                .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                        attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i],
+                                        &attested_key_characteristics, &cert_chain_list[i]);
         // Strongbox may not support factory provisioned attestation key.
         if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
             if (result == ErrorCode::ATTESTATION_KEYS_NOT_PROVISIONED) return;
@@ -513,29 +541,29 @@
         }
         ErrorCode result;
         if ((i & 0x1) == 1) {
-            result = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                         .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
-                                         .AttestKey()
-                                         .AttestationChallenge("foo")
-                                         .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
-                                         .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
-                                         .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
-                                         .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                         .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                 attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i], &attested_key_characteristics,
-                                 &cert_chain_list[i]);
+            result = GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                               .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
+                                               .AttestKey()
+                                               .AttestationChallenge("foo")
+                                               .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                               .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                       attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i],
+                                       &attested_key_characteristics, &cert_chain_list[i]);
         } else {
-            result = GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                         .RsaKey(2048, 65537)
-                                         .AttestKey()
-                                         .AttestationChallenge("foo")
-                                         .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
-                                         .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
-                                         .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
-                                         .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
-                                         .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                 attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i], &attested_key_characteristics,
-                                 &cert_chain_list[i]);
+            result = GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                               .RsaKey(2048, 65537)
+                                               .AttestKey()
+                                               .AttestationChallenge("foo")
+                                               .AttestationApplicationId("bar")
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SERIAL, serial_blob)
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_CERTIFICATE_SUBJECT, subject_der)
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                               .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                       attest_key_opt, &key_blob_list[i],
+                                       &attested_key_characteristics, &cert_chain_list[i]);
         }
         // Strongbox may not support factory provisioned attestation key.
         if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
@@ -581,12 +609,13 @@
         AttestationKey attest_key;
         vector<KeyCharacteristics> attest_key_characteristics;
         vector<Certificate> attest_key_cert_chain;
-        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                     .RsaKey(size, 65537)
-                                                     .AttestKey()
-                                                     .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                             {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
-                                             &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
+        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
+                  GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                            .RsaKey(size, 65537)
+                                            .AttestKey()
+                                            .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                    {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
+                                    &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
 
         EXPECT_EQ(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 1);
         EXPECT_TRUE(IsSelfSigned(attest_key_cert_chain)) << "Failed on size " << size;
@@ -630,7 +659,7 @@
         vector<Certificate> attest_key_cert_chain;
         ASSERT_EQ(
                 ErrorCode::OK,
-                GenerateKey(
+                GenerateAttestKey(
                         AuthorizationSetBuilder().EcdsaKey(curve).AttestKey().SetDefaultValidity(),
                         {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
                         &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
@@ -752,12 +781,13 @@
     AttestationKey attest_key;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> attest_key_characteristics;
     vector<Certificate> attest_key_cert_chain;
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
-                                                 .AttestKey()
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                         {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
-                                         &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
+              GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                        .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
+                                        .AttestKey()
+                                        .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
+                                &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
     attest_key.issuerSubjectName = make_name_from_str("Android Keystore Key");
     ASSERT_GT(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 1);
@@ -816,12 +846,13 @@
     AttestationKey attest_key;
     vector<KeyCharacteristics> attest_key_characteristics;
     vector<Certificate> attest_key_cert_chain;
-    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, GenerateKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
-                                                 .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
-                                                 .AttestKey()
-                                                 .SetDefaultValidity(),
-                                         {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
-                                         &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
+              GenerateAttestKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                        .EcdsaKey(EcCurve::P_256)
+                                        .AttestKey()
+                                        .SetDefaultValidity(),
+                                {} /* attestation signing key */, &attest_key.keyBlob,
+                                &attest_key_characteristics, &attest_key_cert_chain));
     attest_key.issuerSubjectName = make_name_from_str("Android Keystore Key");
     ASSERT_GT(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(attest_key_cert_chain.size(), 1);
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
index 70b89c3..46db4f0 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.cpp
@@ -1460,6 +1460,31 @@
     OPENSSL_free(cert_issuer);
 }
 
+int get_vsr_api_level() {
+    int vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.vendor.api_level", -1);
+    if (vendor_api_level != -1) {
+        return vendor_api_level;
+    }
+
+    // Android S and older devices do not define ro.vendor.api_level
+    vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.board.api_level", -1);
+    if (vendor_api_level == -1) {
+        vendor_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.board.first_api_level", -1);
+    }
+
+    int product_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.product.first_api_level", -1);
+    if (product_api_level == -1) {
+        product_api_level = ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.build.version.sdk", -1);
+        EXPECT_NE(product_api_level, -1) << "Could not find ro.build.version.sdk";
+    }
+
+    // VSR API level is the minimum of vendor_api_level and product_api_level.
+    if (vendor_api_level == -1 || vendor_api_level > product_api_level) {
+        return product_api_level;
+    }
+    return vendor_api_level;
+}
+
 bool is_gsi_image() {
     std::ifstream ifs("/system/system_ext/etc/init/init.gsi.rc");
     return ifs.good();
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
index 043d8b5..8f9df24 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintAidlTestBase.h
@@ -355,6 +355,9 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Return the VSR API level for this device.
+int get_vsr_api_level();
+
 // Indicate whether the test is running on a GSI image.
 bool is_gsi_image();
 
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
index 38f5b1c..7c398d3 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/vts/functional/KeyMintTest.cpp
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
 class NewKeyGenerationTest : public KeyMintAidlTestBase {
   protected:
     void CheckBaseParams(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& keyCharacteristics) {
-        AuthorizationSet auths = CheckCommonParams(keyCharacteristics);
+        AuthorizationSet auths = CheckCommonParams(keyCharacteristics, KeyOrigin::GENERATED);
         EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::SIGN));
 
         // Check that some unexpected tags/values are NOT present.
@@ -622,20 +622,21 @@
     }
 
     void CheckSymmetricParams(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& keyCharacteristics) {
-        AuthorizationSet auths = CheckCommonParams(keyCharacteristics);
+        AuthorizationSet auths = CheckCommonParams(keyCharacteristics, KeyOrigin::GENERATED);
         EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT));
         EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::DECRYPT));
 
         EXPECT_FALSE(auths.Contains(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::SIGN));
     }
 
-    AuthorizationSet CheckCommonParams(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& keyCharacteristics) {
+    AuthorizationSet CheckCommonParams(const vector<KeyCharacteristics>& keyCharacteristics,
+                                       const KeyOrigin expectedKeyOrigin) {
         // TODO(swillden): Distinguish which params should be in which auth list.
         AuthorizationSet auths;
         for (auto& entry : keyCharacteristics) {
             auths.push_back(AuthorizationSet(entry.authorizations));
         }
-        EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_ORIGIN, KeyOrigin::GENERATED));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(auths.Contains(TAG_ORIGIN, expectedKeyOrigin));
 
         // Verify that App data, ROT and auth timeout are NOT included.
         EXPECT_FALSE(auths.Contains(TAG_ROOT_OF_TRUST));
@@ -1102,9 +1103,9 @@
                 << "Key size " << key_size << "missing";
         EXPECT_TRUE(crypto_params.Contains(TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT, 65537U));
 
+        ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
         verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, false);
         EXPECT_TRUE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
-        ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
 
         AuthorizationSet hw_enforced = HwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
         AuthorizationSet sw_enforced = SwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
@@ -1178,6 +1179,7 @@
         EXPECT_FALSE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
 
         // The signature over the attested key should correspond to the P256 public key.
+        ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
         X509_Ptr key_cert(parse_cert_blob(cert_chain_[0].encodedCertificate));
         ASSERT_TRUE(key_cert.get());
         EVP_PKEY_Ptr signing_pubkey;
@@ -1265,9 +1267,9 @@
             << "Key size " << key_size << "missing";
     EXPECT_TRUE(crypto_params.Contains(TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT, 65537U));
 
+    ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
     verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, false);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
-    ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
 
     AuthorizationSet hw_enforced = HwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
     AuthorizationSet sw_enforced = SwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
@@ -1317,9 +1319,9 @@
                 << "Key size " << key_size << "missing";
         EXPECT_TRUE(crypto_params.Contains(TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT, 65537U));
 
+        ASSERT_EQ(cert_chain_.size(), 1);
         verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, false);
         EXPECT_TRUE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
-        ASSERT_EQ(cert_chain_.size(), 1);
 
         CheckedDeleteKey(&key_blob);
     }
@@ -1398,6 +1400,7 @@
             << "Key size " << key_size << "missing";
     EXPECT_TRUE(crypto_params.Contains(TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT, 65537U));
 
+    ASSERT_GT(cert_chain_.size(), 0);
     verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, false);
     EXPECT_TRUE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
     ASSERT_EQ(cert_chain_.size(), 1);
@@ -2228,8 +2231,8 @@
         EXPECT_TRUE(crypto_params.Contains(TAG_EC_CURVE, curve)) << "Curve " << curve << "missing";
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(ChainSignaturesAreValid(cert_chain_));
-        verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, false);
         ASSERT_EQ(cert_chain_.size(), 1);
+        verify_subject_and_serial(cert_chain_[0], serial_int, subject, false);
 
         AuthorizationSet hw_enforced = HwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
         AuthorizationSet sw_enforced = SwEnforcedAuthorizations(key_characteristics);
@@ -3799,7 +3802,7 @@
 // TODO(seleneh) add ExportKey to GenerateKey
 // check result
 
-class ImportKeyTest : public KeyMintAidlTestBase {
+class ImportKeyTest : public NewKeyGenerationTest {
   public:
     template <TagType tag_type, Tag tag, typename ValueT>
     void CheckCryptoParam(TypedTag<tag_type, tag> ttag, ValueT expected) {
@@ -4509,6 +4512,65 @@
     VerifyMessage(message, signature, AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256));
 }
 
+/*
+ * ImportKeyTest.GetKeyCharacteristics
+ *
+ * Verifies that imported keys have the correct characteristics.
+ */
+TEST_P(ImportKeyTest, GetKeyCharacteristics) {
+    vector<uint8_t> key_blob;
+    vector<KeyCharacteristics> key_characteristics;
+    auto base_builder = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                .Padding(PaddingMode::NONE)
+                                .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                .SetDefaultValidity();
+    vector<Algorithm> algorithms = {Algorithm::RSA, Algorithm::EC, Algorithm::HMAC, Algorithm::AES,
+                                    Algorithm::TRIPLE_DES};
+    ErrorCode result;
+    string symKey = hex2str("a49d7564199e97cb529d2c9d97bf2f98");                   // 128 bits
+    string tdesKey = hex2str("a49d7564199e97cb529d2c9d97bf2f98d35edf57ba1f7358");  // 192 bits
+    for (auto alg : algorithms) {
+        SCOPED_TRACE(testing::Message() << "Algorithm-" << alg);
+        AuthorizationSetBuilder builder(base_builder);
+        switch (alg) {
+            case Algorithm::RSA:
+                builder.RsaSigningKey(2048, 65537).Digest(Digest::NONE);
+
+                result = ImportKey(builder, KeyFormat::PKCS8, rsa_2048_key, &key_blob,
+                                   &key_characteristics);
+                break;
+            case Algorithm::EC:
+                builder.EcdsaSigningKey(EcCurve::P_256).Digest(Digest::NONE);
+                result = ImportKey(builder, KeyFormat::PKCS8, ec_256_key, &key_blob,
+                                   &key_characteristics);
+                break;
+            case Algorithm::HMAC:
+                builder.HmacKey(128)
+                        .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
+                        .Authorization(TAG_MIN_MAC_LENGTH, 128);
+                result =
+                        ImportKey(builder, KeyFormat::RAW, symKey, &key_blob, &key_characteristics);
+                break;
+            case Algorithm::AES:
+                builder.AesEncryptionKey(128).BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB);
+                result =
+                        ImportKey(builder, KeyFormat::RAW, symKey, &key_blob, &key_characteristics);
+                break;
+            case Algorithm::TRIPLE_DES:
+                builder.TripleDesEncryptionKey(168).BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB);
+                result = ImportKey(builder, KeyFormat::RAW, tdesKey, &key_blob,
+                                   &key_characteristics);
+                break;
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Invalid Algorithm " << uint32_t(alg);
+                continue;
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, result);
+        CheckCharacteristics(key_blob, key_characteristics);
+        CheckCommonParams(key_characteristics, KeyOrigin::IMPORTED);
+    }
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_KEYMINT_AIDL_TEST(ImportKeyTest);
 
 auto wrapped_key = hex2str(
@@ -8014,6 +8076,18 @@
 
 INSTANTIATE_KEYMINT_AIDL_TEST(UnlockedDeviceRequiredTest);
 
+using VsrRequirementTest = KeyMintAidlTestBase;
+
+TEST_P(VsrRequirementTest, Vsr13Test) {
+    int vsr_api_level = get_vsr_api_level();
+    if (vsr_api_level < 33) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Applies only to VSR API level 33, this device is: " << vsr_api_level;
+    }
+    EXPECT_GE(AidlVersion(), 2) << "VSR 13+ requires KeyMint version 2";
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_KEYMINT_AIDL_TEST(VsrRequirementTest);
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::test
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
diff --git a/security/secureclock/aidl/Android.bp b/security/secureclock/aidl/Android.bp
index 00a6ba3..853ad89 100644
--- a/security/secureclock/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/security/secureclock/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
         rust: {
             enabled: true,
             apex_available: [
diff --git a/security/sharedsecret/aidl/Android.bp b/security/sharedsecret/aidl/Android.bp
index f1fce74..fe77c10 100644
--- a/security/sharedsecret/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/security/sharedsecret/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
         rust: {
             enabled: true,
         },
diff --git a/security/sharedsecret/aidl/android/hardware/security/sharedsecret/SharedSecretParameters.aidl b/security/sharedsecret/aidl/android/hardware/security/sharedsecret/SharedSecretParameters.aidl
index 8144699..b72f0de 100644
--- a/security/sharedsecret/aidl/android/hardware/security/sharedsecret/SharedSecretParameters.aidl
+++ b/security/sharedsecret/aidl/android/hardware/security/sharedsecret/SharedSecretParameters.aidl
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
     byte[] seed;
 
     /**
-     * A 32-byte value which is guaranteed to be different each time
-     * getSharedSecretParameters() is called.  Probabilistic uniqueness (i.e. random) is acceptable,
-     * though a stronger uniqueness guarantee (e.g. counter) is recommended where possible.
+     * A 32-byte value which is guaranteed to be different each time getSharedSecretParameters() is
+     * called after a restart.  Probabilistic uniqueness (i.e. random) is acceptable, though a
+     * stronger uniqueness guarantee (e.g. counter) is recommended where possible.
      */
     byte[] nonce;
 }
diff --git a/usb/aidl/Android.bp b/usb/aidl/Android.bp
index f71cacb..f01b44e 100644
--- a/usb/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/usb/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -33,10 +33,5 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp b/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
index d4d5857..86ef027 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -19,11 +19,6 @@
         java: {
             sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: [
         "1",
diff --git a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
index 3841715..791d7e8 100644
--- a/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/aidl/vts/VtsHalVibratorTargetTest.cpp
@@ -332,6 +332,7 @@
         sleep(1);
         EXPECT_EQ(Status::EX_NONE, vibrator->setAmplitude(1.0f).exceptionCode());
         sleep(1);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(vibrator->off().isOk());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/weaver/aidl/Android.bp b/weaver/aidl/Android.bp
index 8b4306f..caa92aa 100644
--- a/weaver/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/weaver/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -16,11 +16,6 @@
         java: {
             platform_apis: true,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
     versions: ["1"],
 }
diff --git a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/Android.bp b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/Android.bp
index fcd06ff..c48a4ec 100644
--- a/wifi/hostapd/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/hostapd/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -37,10 +37,5 @@
             ],
             min_sdk_version: "30",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test.cpp
index eabbf1b..da3ff3a 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -38,11 +38,12 @@
     : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        // Stop Wi-Fi
-        ASSERT_TRUE(stopWifiFramework());  // stop & wait for wifi to shutdown.
-
         wifi_instance_name_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
         supplicant_instance_name_ = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+
+        // Stop & wait for wifi to shutdown.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(stopWifiFramework(wifi_instance_name_));
+
         std::system("/system/bin/start");
         ASSERT_TRUE(waitForFrameworkReady());
         isP2pOn_ =
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.cpp b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.cpp
index 086166a..6760663 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.cpp
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.cpp
@@ -28,26 +28,42 @@
 
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool;
-using ::android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
 using ::android::hardware::Return;
 using ::android::hardware::Void;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::ChipModeId;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::IfaceType;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicant;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicantIface;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicantNetwork;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicantP2pIface;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicantStaIface;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicantStaNetwork;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::ISupplicantP2pIface;
-using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::IfaceType;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::SupplicantStatus;
 using ::android::hardware::wifi::supplicant::V1_0::SupplicantStatusCode;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::ChipModeId;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifi;
+using ::android::hardware::wifi::V1_0::IWifiChip;
 using ::android::wifi_system::InterfaceTool;
 using ::android::wifi_system::SupplicantManager;
 
 namespace {
+
+bool waitForWifiHalStop(const std::string& wifi_instance_name) {
+    sp<IWifi> wifi = getWifi(wifi_instance_name);
+    int count = 50; /* wait at most 5 seconds for completion */
+    while (count-- > 0) {
+        if (wifi != nullptr && !wifi->isStarted()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        usleep(100000);
+        wifi = getWifi(wifi_instance_name);
+    }
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Wifi HAL was not stopped";
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool waitForSupplicantState(bool is_running) {
     SupplicantManager supplicant_manager;
     int count = 50; /* wait at most 5 seconds for completion */
@@ -113,10 +129,10 @@
     return waitForSupplicantStart();  // wait for wifi to start.
 }
 
-bool stopWifiFramework() {
+bool stopWifiFramework(const std::string& wifi_instance_name) {
     std::system("svc wifi disable");
     std::system("cmd wifi set-scan-always-available disabled");
-    return waitForSupplicantStop();  // wait for wifi to shutdown.
+    return waitForSupplicantStop() && waitForWifiHalStop(wifi_instance_name);
 }
 
 void stopSupplicant() { stopSupplicant(""); }
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.h b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.h
index 7228623..2198d7c 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.h
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/1.0/vts/functional/supplicant_hidl_test_utils.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 bool startWifiFramework();
 
 // Used to stop the android wifi framework before every test.
-bool stopWifiFramework();
+bool stopWifiFramework(const std::string& wifi_instance_name);
 
 void stopSupplicant(const std::string& wifi_instance_name);
 // Used to configure the chip, driver and start wpa_supplicant before every
@@ -77,12 +77,13 @@
     : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, std::string>> {
    public:
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        // Stop Wi-Fi
-        ASSERT_TRUE(stopWifiFramework());  // stop & wait for wifi to shutdown.
-
-        // should always be v1.0 wifi
-        wifi_v1_0_instance_name_ = std::get<0>(GetParam());
+        wifi_v1_0_instance_name_ =
+            std::get<0>(GetParam());  // should always be v1.0 wifi
         supplicant_instance_name_ = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+
+        // Stop & wait for wifi to shutdown.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(stopWifiFramework(wifi_v1_0_instance_name_));
+
         std::system("/system/bin/start");
         ASSERT_TRUE(waitForFrameworkReady());
         isP2pOn_ =
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/Android.bp b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/Android.bp
index d00dd21..06367ba 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -37,10 +37,5 @@
             ],
             min_sdk_version: "30",
         },
-        ndk: {
-            vndk: {
-                enabled: true,
-            },
-        },
     },
 }
diff --git a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_test_utils.h b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_test_utils.h
index 17e0394..31042a2 100644
--- a/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_test_utils.h
+++ b/wifi/supplicant/aidl/vts/functional/supplicant_test_utils.h
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
 void stopSupplicantService() { stopSupplicant(getWifiInstanceName()); }
 
 void initializeService() {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(stopWifiFramework());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(stopWifiFramework(getWifiInstanceName()));
     std::system("/system/bin/start");
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitForFrameworkReady());
     stopSupplicantService();