diff --git a/audio/aidl/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/Android.bp
index 151da49..820f7b4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -75,7 +75,34 @@
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamIn.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamOut.aidl",
+        "android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl",
         "android/hardware/audio/core/ModuleDebug.aidl",
+        "android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl",
+    ],
+    imports: [
+        "android.hardware.audio.common-V1",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1",
+        "android.media.audio.common.types-V1",
+    ],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    backend: {
+        // The C++ backend is disabled transitively due to use of FMQ.
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        java: {
+            sdk_version: "module_current",
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.audio.effect",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl",
+        "android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl",
     ],
     imports: [
         "android.hardware.audio.common-V1",
@@ -88,7 +115,7 @@
             enabled: false,
         },
         java: {
-            platform_apis: true,
+            sdk_version: "module_current",
         },
     },
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl
index 1cef4cd..078b5ea 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl
@@ -37,4 +37,6 @@
   int id;
   int[] sourcePortConfigIds;
   int[] sinkPortConfigIds;
+  int minimumStreamBufferSizeFrames;
+  int[] latenciesMs;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
index f8bc2c7..a8bbb15 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
@@ -43,10 +43,33 @@
   android.media.audio.common.AudioPort[] getAudioPorts();
   android.hardware.audio.core.AudioRoute[] getAudioRoutes();
   android.hardware.audio.core.AudioRoute[] getAudioRoutesForAudioPort(int portId);
-  android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamIn openInputStream(int portConfigId, in android.hardware.audio.common.SinkMetadata sinkMetadata);
-  android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamOut openOutputStream(int portConfigId, in android.hardware.audio.common.SourceMetadata sourceMetadata, in @nullable android.media.audio.common.AudioOffloadInfo offloadInfo);
+  android.hardware.audio.core.IModule.OpenInputStreamReturn openInputStream(in android.hardware.audio.core.IModule.OpenInputStreamArguments args);
+  android.hardware.audio.core.IModule.OpenOutputStreamReturn openOutputStream(in android.hardware.audio.core.IModule.OpenOutputStreamArguments args);
   android.hardware.audio.core.AudioPatch setAudioPatch(in android.hardware.audio.core.AudioPatch requested);
   boolean setAudioPortConfig(in android.media.audio.common.AudioPortConfig requested, out android.media.audio.common.AudioPortConfig suggested);
   void resetAudioPatch(int patchId);
   void resetAudioPortConfig(int portConfigId);
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable OpenInputStreamArguments {
+    int portConfigId;
+    android.hardware.audio.common.SinkMetadata sinkMetadata;
+    long bufferSizeFrames;
+  }
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable OpenInputStreamReturn {
+    android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamIn stream;
+    android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor desc;
+  }
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable OpenOutputStreamArguments {
+    int portConfigId;
+    android.hardware.audio.common.SourceMetadata sourceMetadata;
+    @nullable android.media.audio.common.AudioOffloadInfo offloadInfo;
+    long bufferSizeFrames;
+  }
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable OpenOutputStreamReturn {
+    android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamOut stream;
+    android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor desc;
+  }
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ea1c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.audio.core;
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @VintfStability
+parcelable MmapBufferDescriptor {
+  android.hardware.common.Ashmem sharedMemory;
+  long burstSizeFrames;
+  int flags;
+  const int FLAG_INDEX_APPLICATION_SHAREABLE = 0;
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db1ac22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.core/current/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.audio.core;
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true) @VintfStability
+parcelable StreamDescriptor {
+  android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor<android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor.Command,android.hardware.common.fmq.SynchronizedReadWrite> command;
+  android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor<android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor.Reply,android.hardware.common.fmq.SynchronizedReadWrite> reply;
+  int frameSizeBytes;
+  long bufferSizeFrames;
+  android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor.AudioBuffer audio;
+  const int COMMAND_BURST = 1;
+  @FixedSize @VintfStability
+  parcelable Position {
+    long frames;
+    long timeNs;
+  }
+  @FixedSize @VintfStability
+  parcelable Command {
+    int code;
+    int fmqByteCount;
+  }
+  @FixedSize @VintfStability
+  parcelable Reply {
+    int status;
+    int fmqByteCount;
+    android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor.Position observable;
+    android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor.Position hardware;
+    int latencyMs;
+  }
+  @VintfStability
+  union AudioBuffer {
+    android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor<byte,android.hardware.common.fmq.SynchronizedReadWrite> fmq;
+    android.hardware.audio.core.MmapBufferDescriptor mmap;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94cacd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.audio.effect;
+@VintfStability
+parcelable Descriptor {
+  android.hardware.audio.effect.Descriptor.Common common;
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_ENV_REVERB = "c2e5d5f0-94bd-4763-9cac-4e234d06839e";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_PRESET_REVERB = "47382d60-ddd8-11db-bf3a-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_EQUALIZER = "0bed4300-ddd6-11db-8f34-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_BASS_BOOST = "0634f220-ddd4-11db-a0fc-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_VIRTUALIZER = "37cc2c00-dddd-11db-8577-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_AGC = "0a8abfe0-654c-11e0-ba26-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_AEC = "7b491460-8d4d-11e0-bd61-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_NS = "58b4b260-8e06-11e0-aa8e-0002a5d5c51b";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_LOUDNESS_ENHANCER = "fe3199be-aed0-413f-87bb-11260eb63cf1";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_DYNAMICS_PROCESSING = "7261676f-6d75-7369-6364-28e2fd3ac39e";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_HAPTIC_GENERATOR = "1411e6d6-aecd-4021-a1cf-a6aceb0d71e5";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_SPATIALIZER = "ccd4cf09-a79d-46c2-9aae-06a1698d6c8f";
+  const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_VOLUME = "09e8ede0-ddde-11db-b4f6-0002a5d5c51b";
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable Identity {
+    android.media.audio.common.AudioUuid type;
+    android.media.audio.common.AudioUuid uuid;
+  }
+  @VintfStability
+  parcelable Common {
+    android.hardware.audio.effect.Descriptor.Identity id;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6c9aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.audio.effect;
+@VintfStability
+interface IFactory {
+  android.hardware.audio.effect.Descriptor.Identity[] queryEffects(in @nullable android.media.audio.common.AudioUuid type, in @nullable android.media.audio.common.AudioUuid implementation);
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl
index 48ca214..005d4c0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/AudioPatch.aidl
@@ -37,4 +37,18 @@
      * unique.
      */
     int[] sinkPortConfigIds;
+    /**
+     * The minimum buffer size, in frames, which streams must use for
+     * this connection configuration. This field is filled out by the
+     * HAL module on creation of the patch and must be a positive number.
+     */
+    int minimumStreamBufferSizeFrames;
+    /**
+     * Latencies, in milliseconds, associated with each sink port config from
+     * the 'sinkPortConfigIds' field. This field is filled out by the HAL module
+     * on creation or updating of the patch and must be a positive number. This
+     * is a nominal value. The current value of latency is provided via
+     * 'StreamDescriptor' command exchange on each audio I/O operation.
+     */
+    int[] latenciesMs;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
index 802cb2f..735f87f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.aidl
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamIn;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.IStreamOut;
 import android.hardware.audio.core.ModuleDebug;
+import android.hardware.audio.core.StreamDescriptor;
 import android.media.audio.common.AudioOffloadInfo;
 import android.media.audio.common.AudioPort;
 import android.media.audio.common.AudioPortConfig;
@@ -241,22 +242,54 @@
      * 'setAudioPortConfig' method. Existence of an audio patch involving this
      * port configuration is not required for successful opening of a stream.
      *
+     * The requested buffer size is expressed in frames, thus the actual size
+     * in bytes depends on the audio port configuration. Also, the HAL module
+     * may end up providing a larger buffer, thus the requested size is treated
+     * as the minimum size that the client needs. The minimum buffer size
+     * suggested by the HAL is in the 'AudioPatch.minimumStreamBufferSizeFrames'
+     * field, returned as a result of calling the 'setAudioPatch' method.
+     *
      * Only one stream is allowed per audio port configuration. HAL module can
      * also set a limit on how many output streams can be opened for a particular
      * mix port by using its 'AudioPortMixExt.maxOpenStreamCount' field.
      *
-     * @return An opened input stream.
-     * @param portConfigId The ID of the audio mix port config.
-     * @param sinkMetadata Description of the audio that will be recorded.
+     * Note that although it's not prohibited to open a stream on a mix port
+     * configuration which is not connected (using a patch) to any device port,
+     * and set up a patch afterwards, this sequence of calls is not recommended,
+     * because setting up of a patch might fail due to an insufficient stream
+     * buffer size. Another consequence of having a stream on an unconnected mix
+     * port is that capture positions can not be determined because there is no
+     * "external observer," thus read operations done via StreamDescriptor will
+     * be completing with an error, although data (zero filled) will still be
+     * provided.
+     *
+     * @return An opened input stream and the associated descriptor.
+     * @param args The pack of arguments, see 'OpenInputStreamArguments' parcelable.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT In the following cases:
      *                             - If the port config can not be found by the ID.
      *                             - If the port config is not of an input mix port.
+     *                             - If a buffer of the requested size can not be provided.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE In the following cases:
      *                          - If the port config already has a stream opened on it.
      *                          - If the limit on the open stream count for the port has
      *                            been reached.
+     *                          - If the HAL module failed to initialize the stream.
      */
-    IStreamIn openInputStream(int portConfigId, in SinkMetadata sinkMetadata);
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable OpenInputStreamArguments {
+        /** The ID of the audio mix port config. */
+        int portConfigId;
+        /** Description of the audio that will be recorded. */
+        SinkMetadata sinkMetadata;
+        /** Requested audio I/O buffer minimum size, in frames. */
+        long bufferSizeFrames;
+    }
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable OpenInputStreamReturn {
+        IStreamIn stream;
+        StreamDescriptor desc;
+    }
+    OpenInputStreamReturn openInputStream(in OpenInputStreamArguments args);
 
     /**
      * Open an output stream using an existing audio mix port configuration.
@@ -269,30 +302,62 @@
      * the framework must provide additional information about the encoded
      * audio stream in 'offloadInfo' argument.
      *
+     * The requested buffer size is expressed in frames, thus the actual size
+     * in bytes depends on the audio port configuration. Also, the HAL module
+     * may end up providing a larger buffer, thus the requested size is treated
+     * as the minimum size that the client needs. The minimum buffer size
+     * suggested by the HAL is in the 'AudioPatch.minimumStreamBufferSizeFrames'
+     * field, returned as a result of calling the 'setAudioPatch' method.
+     *
      * Only one stream is allowed per audio port configuration. HAL module can
      * also set a limit on how many output streams can be opened for a particular
      * mix port by using its 'AudioPortMixExt.maxOpenStreamCount' field.
      * Only one stream can be opened on the audio port with 'PRIMARY' output
      * flag. This rule can not be overridden with 'maxOpenStreamCount' field.
      *
-     * @return An opened output stream.
-     * @param portConfigId The ID of the audio mix port config.
-     * @param sourceMetadata Description of the audio that will be played.
-     * @param offloadInfo Additional information for offloaded playback.
+     * Note that although it's not prohibited to open a stream on a mix port
+     * configuration which is not connected (using a patch) to any device port,
+     * and set up a patch afterwards, this sequence of calls is not recommended,
+     * because setting up of a patch might fail due to an insufficient stream
+     * buffer size. Another consequence of having a stream on an unconnected mix
+     * port is that presentation positions can not be determined because there
+     * is no "external observer," thus write operations done via
+     * StreamDescriptor will be completing with an error, although the data
+     * will still be accepted and immediately discarded.
+     *
+     * @return An opened output stream and the associated descriptor.
+     * @param args The pack of arguments, see 'OpenOutputStreamArguments' parcelable.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT In the following cases:
      *                             - If the port config can not be found by the ID.
      *                             - If the port config is not of an output mix port.
      *                             - If the offload info is not provided for an offload
      *                               port configuration.
+     *                             - If a buffer of the requested size can not be provided.
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE In the following cases:
      *                          - If the port config already has a stream opened on it.
      *                          - If the limit on the open stream count for the port has
      *                            been reached.
      *                          - If another opened stream already exists for the 'PRIMARY'
      *                            output port.
+     *                          - If the HAL module failed to initialize the stream.
      */
-    IStreamOut openOutputStream(int portConfigId, in SourceMetadata sourceMetadata,
-            in @nullable AudioOffloadInfo offloadInfo);
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable OpenOutputStreamArguments {
+        /** The ID of the audio mix port config. */
+        int portConfigId;
+        /** Description of the audio that will be played. */
+        SourceMetadata sourceMetadata;
+        /** Additional information used for offloaded playback only. */
+        @nullable AudioOffloadInfo offloadInfo;
+        /** Requested audio I/O buffer minimum size, in frames. */
+        long bufferSizeFrames;
+    }
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable OpenOutputStreamReturn {
+        IStreamOut stream;
+        StreamDescriptor desc;
+    }
+    OpenOutputStreamReturn openOutputStream(in OpenOutputStreamArguments args);
 
     /**
      * Set an audio patch.
@@ -300,19 +365,27 @@
      * This method creates new or updates an existing audio patch. If the
      * requested audio patch does not have a specified id, then a new patch is
      * created and an ID is allocated for it by the HAL module. Otherwise an
-     * attempt to update an existing patch is made. It is recommended that
-     * updating of an existing audio patch should be performed by the HAL module
-     * in a way that does not interrupt active audio streams involving audio
-     * port configurations of the patch. If the HAL module is unable to avoid
-     * interruption when updating a certain patch, it is permitted to allocate a
-     * new patch ID for the result. The returned audio patch contains all the
-     * information about the new or updated audio patch.
+     * attempt to update an existing patch is made.
+     *
+     * The operation of updating an existing audio patch must not change
+     * playback state of audio streams opened on the audio port configurations
+     * of the patch. That is, the HAL module must still be able to consume or
+     * to provide data from / to streams continuously during the patch
+     * switching. Natural intermittent audible loss of some audio frames due to
+     * switching between device ports which does not affect stream playback is
+     * allowed. If the HAL module is unable to avoid playback or recording
+     * state change when updating a certain patch, it must return an error. In
+     * that case, the client must take care of changing port configurations,
+     * patches, and recreating streams in a way which provides an acceptable
+     * user experience.
      *
      * Audio port configurations specified in the patch must be obtained by
      * calling 'setAudioPortConfig' method. There must be an audio route which
      * allows connection between the audio ports whose configurations are used.
-     * An audio patch may be created before or after an audio steam is created
-     * for this configuration.
+     *
+     * When updating an existing audio patch, nominal latency values may change
+     * and must be provided by the HAL module in the returned 'AudioPatch'
+     * structure.
      *
      * @return Resulting audio patch.
      * @param requested Requested audio patch.
@@ -324,6 +397,9 @@
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE In the following cases:
      *                          - If application of the patch can only use a route with an
      *                            exclusive use the sink port, and it is already patched.
+     *                          - If updating an existing patch will cause interruption
+     *                            of audio, or requires re-opening of streams due to
+     *                            change of minimum audio I/O buffer size.
      * @throws EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION If the patch can not be established because
      *                                  the HAL module does not support this otherwise valid
      *                                  patch configuration. For example, if it's a patch
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamIn.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamIn.aidl
index b770449..0c3e3d1 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamIn.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamIn.aidl
@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@
      * Close the stream.
      *
      * Releases any resources allocated for this stream on the HAL module side.
-     * The stream can not be operated after it has been closed. Methods of this
-     * interface throw EX_ILLEGAL_STATE in for a closed stream.
+     * This includes the fast message queues and shared memories returned via
+     * the StreamDescriptor. Thus, the stream can not be operated anymore after
+     * it has been closed. The client needs to release the audio data I/O
+     * objects after the call to this method returns.
+     *
+     * Methods of this interface throw EX_ILLEGAL_STATE for a closed stream.
      *
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE If the stream has already been closed.
      */
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamOut.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamOut.aidl
index 60212fc..9fdb37d 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamOut.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IStreamOut.aidl
@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@
      * Close the stream.
      *
      * Releases any resources allocated for this stream on the HAL module side.
-     * The stream can not be operated after it has been closed. Methods of this
-     * interface throw EX_ILLEGAL_STATE in for a closed stream.
+     * This includes the fast message queues and shared memories returned via
+     * the StreamDescriptor. Thus, the stream can not be operated anymore after
+     * it has been closed. The client needs to release the audio data I/O
+     * objects after the call to this method returns.
+     *
+     * Methods of this interface throw EX_ILLEGAL_STATE for a closed stream.
      *
      * @throws EX_ILLEGAL_STATE If the stream has already been closed.
      */
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..108bcbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/MmapBufferDescriptor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.audio.core;
+
+import android.hardware.common.Ashmem;
+
+/**
+ * MMap buffer descriptor is used by streams opened in MMap No IRQ mode.
+ */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true)
+@VintfStability
+parcelable MmapBufferDescriptor {
+    /**
+     * MMap memory buffer.
+     */
+    Ashmem sharedMemory;
+    /**
+     * Transfer size granularity in frames.
+     */
+    long burstSizeFrames;
+    /**
+     * Attributes describing the buffer. Bitmask indexed by FLAG_INDEX_*
+     * constants.
+     */
+    int flags;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the buffer can be securely shared to untrusted applications
+     * through the AAudio exclusive mode.
+     *
+     * Only set this flag if applications are restricted from accessing the
+     * memory surrounding the audio data buffer by a kernel mechanism.
+     * See Linux kernel's dma-buf
+     * (https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.16/driver-api/dma-buf.html).
+     */
+    const int FLAG_INDEX_APPLICATION_SHAREABLE = 0;
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b1ed8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.audio.core;
+
+import android.hardware.audio.core.MmapBufferDescriptor;
+import android.hardware.common.fmq.MQDescriptor;
+import android.hardware.common.fmq.SynchronizedReadWrite;
+
+/**
+ * Stream descriptor contains fast message queues and buffers used for sending
+ * and receiving audio data. The descriptor complements IStream* interfaces by
+ * providing communication channels that serve as an alternative to Binder
+ * transactions.
+ *
+ * Handling of audio data and commands must be done by the HAL module on a
+ * dedicated thread with high priority, for all modes, including MMap No
+ * IRQ. The HAL module is responsible for creating this thread and setting its
+ * priority. The HAL module is also responsible for serializing access to the
+ * internal components of the stream while serving commands invoked via the
+ * stream's AIDL interface and commands invoked via the command queue of the
+ * descriptor.
+ */
+@JavaDerive(equals=true, toString=true)
+@VintfStability
+parcelable StreamDescriptor {
+    /**
+     * Position binds together a position within the stream and time.
+     *
+     * The timestamp must use "monotonic" clock.
+     *
+     * The frame count must advance between consecutive I/O operations, and stop
+     * advancing when the stream was put into the 'standby' mode. On exiting the
+     * 'standby' mode, the frame count must not reset, but continue counting.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    @FixedSize
+    parcelable Position {
+        /** Frame count. */
+        long frames;
+        /** Timestamp in nanoseconds. */
+        long timeNs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The command used for audio I/O, see 'AudioBuffer'. For MMap No IRQ mode
+     * this command only provides updated positions and latency because actual
+     * audio I/O is done via the 'AudioBuffer.mmap' shared buffer.
+     */
+    const int COMMAND_BURST = 1;
+
+    /**
+     * Used for sending commands to the HAL module. The client writes into
+     * the queue, the HAL module reads. The queue can only contain a single
+     * command.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    @FixedSize
+    parcelable Command {
+        /**
+         * One of COMMAND_* codes.
+         */
+        int code;
+        /**
+         * For output streams: the amount of bytes that the client requests the
+         *   HAL module to read from the 'audio.fmq' queue.
+         * For input streams: the amount of bytes requested by the client to
+         *   read from the hardware into the 'audio.fmq' queue.
+         *
+         * In both cases it is allowed for this field to contain any
+         * non-negative number. The value 0 can be used if the client only needs
+         * to retrieve current positions and latency. Any sufficiently big value
+         * which exceeds the size of the queue's area which is currently
+         * available for reading or writing by the HAL module must be trimmed by
+         * the HAL module to the available size. Note that the HAL module is
+         * allowed to consume or provide less data than requested, and it must
+         * return the amount of actually read or written data via the
+         * 'Reply.fmqByteCount' field. Thus, only attempts to pass a negative
+         * number must be constituted as a client's error.
+         */
+        int fmqByteCount;
+    }
+    MQDescriptor<Command, SynchronizedReadWrite> command;
+
+    /**
+     * Used for providing replies to commands. The HAL module writes into
+     * the queue, the client reads. The queue can only contain a single reply,
+     * corresponding to the last command sent by the client.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    @FixedSize
+    parcelable Reply {
+        /**
+         * One of Binder STATUS_* statuses:
+         *  - STATUS_OK: the command has completed successfully;
+         *  - STATUS_BAD_VALUE: invalid value in the 'Command' structure;
+         *  - STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION: the mix port is not connected
+         *                              to any producer or consumer, thus
+         *                              positions can not be reported;
+         *  - STATUS_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA: a read or write error has
+         *                            occurred for the 'audio.fmq' queue;
+         *
+         */
+        int status;
+        /**
+         * For output streams: the amount of bytes actually consumed by the HAL
+         *   module from the 'audio.fmq' queue.
+         * For input streams: the amount of bytes actually provided by the HAL
+         *   in the 'audio.fmq' queue.
+         *
+         * The returned value must not exceed the value passed in the
+         * 'fmqByteCount' field of the corresponding command or be negative.
+         */
+        int fmqByteCount;
+        /**
+         * For output streams: the moment when the specified stream position
+         *   was presented to an external observer (i.e. presentation position).
+         * For input streams: the moment when data at the specified stream position
+         *   was acquired (i.e. capture position).
+         */
+        Position observable;
+        /**
+         * Used only for MMap streams to provide the hardware read / write
+         * position for audio data in the shared memory buffer 'audio.mmap'.
+         */
+        Position hardware;
+        /**
+         * Current latency reported by the hardware.
+         */
+        int latencyMs;
+    }
+    MQDescriptor<Reply, SynchronizedReadWrite> reply;
+
+    /**
+     * The size of one frame of audio data in bytes. For PCM formats this is
+     * usually equal to the size of a sample multiplied by the number of
+     * channels used. For encoded bitstreams encapsulated into PCM the sample
+     * size of the underlying PCM stream is used. For encoded bitstreams that
+     * are passed without encapsulation, the frame size is usually 1 byte.
+     */
+    int frameSizeBytes;
+    /**
+     * Total buffer size in frames. This applies both to the size of the 'audio.fmq'
+     * queue and to the size of the shared memory buffer for MMap No IRQ streams.
+     * Note that this size may end up being slightly larger than the size requested
+     * in a call to 'IModule.openInputStream' or 'openOutputStream' due to memory
+     * alignment requirements.
+     */
+    long bufferSizeFrames;
+
+    /**
+     * Used for sending or receiving audio data to/from the stream. In the case
+     * of MMap No IRQ streams this structure only contains the information about
+     * the shared memory buffer. Audio data is sent via the shared buffer
+     * directly.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    union AudioBuffer {
+        /**
+         * The fast message queue used for all modes except MMap No IRQ.  Both
+         * reads and writes into this queue are non-blocking because access to
+         * this queue is synchronized via the 'command' and 'reply' queues as
+         * described below. The queue nevertheless uses 'SynchronizedReadWrite'
+         * because there is only one reader, and the reading position must be
+         * shared.
+         *
+         * For output streams the following sequence of operations is used:
+         *  1. The client writes audio data into the 'audio.fmq' queue.
+         *  2. The client writes the 'BURST' command into the 'command' queue,
+         *     and hangs on waiting on a read from the 'reply' queue.
+         *  3. The high priority thread in the HAL module wakes up due to 2.
+         *  4. The HAL module reads the command and audio data.
+         *  5. The HAL module writes the command status and current positions
+         *     into 'reply' queue, and hangs on waiting on a read from
+         *     the 'command' queue.
+         *  6. The client wakes up due to 5. and reads the reply.
+         *
+         * For input streams the following sequence of operations is used:
+         *  1. The client writes the 'BURST' command into the 'command' queue,
+         *     and hangs on waiting on a read from the 'reply' queue.
+         *  2. The high priority thread in the HAL module wakes up due to 1.
+         *  3. The HAL module writes audio data into the 'audio.fmq' queue.
+         *  4. The HAL module writes the command status and current positions
+         *     into 'reply' queue, and hangs on waiting on a read from
+         *     the 'command' queue.
+         *  5. The client wakes up due to 4.
+         *  6. The client reads the reply and audio data.
+         */
+        MQDescriptor<byte, SynchronizedReadWrite> fmq;
+        /**
+         * MMap buffers are shared directly with the DSP, which operates
+         * independently from the CPU. Writes and reads into these buffers
+         * are not synchronized with 'command' and 'reply' queues. However,
+         * the client still uses the 'BURST' command for obtaining current
+         * positions from the HAL module.
+         */
+        MmapBufferDescriptor mmap;
+    }
+    AudioBuffer audio;
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b31c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/Descriptor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.audio.effect;
+
+import android.media.audio.common.AudioUuid;
+
+/**
+ * Effect descriptor contains all information (capabilities, attributes, and ownership) for an
+ * effect implemented in the Audio Effect HAL. Framework uses this information to decide when and
+ * how to apply the effect.
+ */
+@VintfStability
+parcelable Descriptor {
+    /**
+     * UUID for effect types, these definitions are in sync with SDK, see @c AudioEffect.java.
+     */
+    // UUID for environmental reverberation effect type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_ENV_REVERB = "c2e5d5f0-94bd-4763-9cac-4e234d06839e";
+    // UUID for preset reverberation effect type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_PRESET_REVERB = "47382d60-ddd8-11db-bf3a-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for equalizer effect type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_EQUALIZER = "0bed4300-ddd6-11db-8f34-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for bass boost effect type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_BASS_BOOST = "0634f220-ddd4-11db-a0fc-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for virtualizer effect type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_VIRTUALIZER = "37cc2c00-dddd-11db-8577-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for Automatic Gain Control (AGC) type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_AGC = "0a8abfe0-654c-11e0-ba26-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for Acoustic Echo Canceler (AEC) type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_AEC = "7b491460-8d4d-11e0-bd61-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for Noise Suppressor (NS) type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_NS = "58b4b260-8e06-11e0-aa8e-0002a5d5c51b";
+    // UUID for Loudness Enhancer type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_LOUDNESS_ENHANCER = "fe3199be-aed0-413f-87bb-11260eb63cf1";
+    // UUID for Dynamics Processing type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_DYNAMICS_PROCESSING = "7261676f-6d75-7369-6364-28e2fd3ac39e";
+    // UUID for Haptic Generator type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_HAPTIC_GENERATOR = "1411e6d6-aecd-4021-a1cf-a6aceb0d71e5";
+    // UUID for Spatializer type.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_SPATIALIZER = "ccd4cf09-a79d-46c2-9aae-06a1698d6c8f";
+    // UUID for Volume type. The volume effect is used for automated tests only.
+    const String EFFECT_TYPE_UUID_VOLUME = "09e8ede0-ddde-11db-b4f6-0002a5d5c51b";
+
+    /**
+     * This structure completely identifies an effect implementation.
+     */
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable Identity {
+        /**
+         * UUID for the type of effect.
+         */
+        AudioUuid type;
+        /**
+         * UUID for this particular implementation.
+         */
+        AudioUuid uuid;
+    }
+
+    // Common attributes of all effect implementation.
+    @VintfStability
+    parcelable Common {
+        /**
+         * Identity of effect implementation.
+         */
+        Identity id;
+    }
+    Common common;
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99c2e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.audio.effect;
+
+import android.hardware.audio.effect.Descriptor;
+import android.media.audio.common.AudioUuid;
+
+/**
+ * Provides system-wide effect factory interfaces.
+ *
+ * An android.hardware.audio.effect.IFactory platform service is registered with ServiceManager, and
+ * is always available on the device.
+ *
+ */
+@VintfStability
+interface IFactory {
+    /**
+     * Return a list of effect identities supported by this device, with the optional
+     * filter by type and/or by instance UUID.
+     *
+     * @param type UUID identifying the effect type.
+     *        This is an optional parameter, pass in null if this parameter is not necessary; if non
+     *        null, used as a filter for effect type UUIDs.
+     * @param implementation Indicates the particular implementation of the effect in that type.
+     *        This is an optional parameter, pass in null if this parameter is not necessary; if
+     *        non null, used as a filter for effect type UUIDs.
+     * @return List of effect identities supported and filtered by type/implementation UUID.
+     */
+    Descriptor.Identity[] queryEffects(
+            in @nullable AudioUuid type, in @nullable AudioUuid implementation);
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/common/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3f7f0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libaudioaidlcommon",
+    host_supported: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+        "libsystem_headers",
+    ],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+        "libsystem_headers",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "StreamWorker.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libaudioaidlcommon_test",
+    host_supported: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.media.audio.common.types-V1-ndk",
+        "libaudioaidlcommon",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "tests/streamworker_tests.cpp",
+        "tests/utils_tests.cpp",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp b/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bca760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/StreamWorker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#include "include/StreamWorker.h"
+
+namespace android::hardware::audio::common::internal {
+
+bool ThreadController::start(const std::string& name, int priority) {
+    mThreadName = name;
+    mThreadPriority = priority;
+    mWorker = std::thread(&ThreadController::workerThread, this);
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+    android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
+    mWorkerCv.wait(lock, [&]() {
+        android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
+        return mWorkerState == WorkerState::RUNNING || !mError.empty();
+    });
+    mWorkerStateChangeRequest = false;
+    return mWorkerState == WorkerState::RUNNING;
+}
+
+void ThreadController::stop() {
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+        if (mWorkerState != WorkerState::STOPPED) {
+            mWorkerState = WorkerState::STOPPED;
+            mWorkerStateChangeRequest = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (mWorker.joinable()) {
+        mWorker.join();
+    }
+}
+
+bool ThreadController::waitForAtLeastOneCycle() {
+    WorkerState newState;
+    switchWorkerStateSync(WorkerState::RUNNING, WorkerState::PAUSE_REQUESTED, &newState);
+    if (newState != WorkerState::PAUSED) return false;
+    switchWorkerStateSync(newState, WorkerState::RESUME_REQUESTED, &newState);
+    return newState == WorkerState::RUNNING;
+}
+
+void ThreadController::switchWorkerStateSync(WorkerState oldState, WorkerState newState,
+                                             WorkerState* finalState) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+    android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
+    if (mWorkerState != oldState) {
+        if (finalState) *finalState = mWorkerState;
+        return;
+    }
+    mWorkerState = newState;
+    mWorkerStateChangeRequest = true;
+    mWorkerCv.wait(lock, [&]() {
+        android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
+        return mWorkerState != newState;
+    });
+    if (finalState) *finalState = mWorkerState;
+}
+
+void ThreadController::workerThread() {
+    using Status = StreamLogic::Status;
+
+    std::string error = mLogic->init();
+    if (error.empty() && !mThreadName.empty()) {
+        std::string compliantName(mThreadName.substr(0, 15));
+        if (int errCode = pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), compliantName.c_str()); errCode != 0) {
+            error.append("Failed to set thread name: ").append(strerror(errCode));
+        }
+    }
+    if (error.empty() && mThreadPriority != ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT) {
+        if (int result = setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, mThreadPriority); result != 0) {
+            int errCode = errno;
+            error.append("Failed to set thread priority: ").append(strerror(errCode));
+        }
+    }
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+        mWorkerState = error.empty() ? WorkerState::RUNNING : WorkerState::STOPPED;
+        mError = error;
+    }
+    mWorkerCv.notify_one();
+    if (!error.empty()) return;
+
+    for (WorkerState state = WorkerState::RUNNING; state != WorkerState::STOPPED;) {
+        bool needToNotify = false;
+        if (Status status = state != WorkerState::PAUSED ? mLogic->cycle()
+                                                         : (sched_yield(), Status::CONTINUE);
+            status == Status::CONTINUE) {
+            {
+                // See https://developer.android.com/training/articles/smp#nonracing
+                android::base::ScopedLockAssertion lock_assertion(mWorkerLock);
+                if (!mWorkerStateChangeRequest.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) continue;
+            }
+            //
+            // Pause and resume are synchronous. One worker cycle must complete
+            // before the worker indicates a state change. This is how 'mWorkerState' and
+            // 'state' interact:
+            //
+            // mWorkerState == RUNNING
+            // client sets mWorkerState := PAUSE_REQUESTED
+            // last workerCycle gets executed, state := mWorkerState := PAUSED by us
+            //   (or the workers enters the 'error' state if workerCycle fails)
+            // client gets notified about state change in any case
+            // thread is doing a busy wait while 'state == PAUSED'
+            // client sets mWorkerState := RESUME_REQUESTED
+            // state := mWorkerState (RESUME_REQUESTED)
+            // mWorkerState := RUNNING, but we don't notify the client yet
+            // first workerCycle gets executed, the code below triggers a client notification
+            //   (or if workerCycle fails, worker enters 'error' state and also notifies)
+            // state := mWorkerState (RUNNING)
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+            if (state == WorkerState::RESUME_REQUESTED) {
+                needToNotify = true;
+            }
+            state = mWorkerState;
+            if (mWorkerState == WorkerState::PAUSE_REQUESTED) {
+                state = mWorkerState = WorkerState::PAUSED;
+                needToNotify = true;
+            } else if (mWorkerState == WorkerState::RESUME_REQUESTED) {
+                mWorkerState = WorkerState::RUNNING;
+            }
+        } else {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+            if (state == WorkerState::RESUME_REQUESTED ||
+                mWorkerState == WorkerState::PAUSE_REQUESTED) {
+                needToNotify = true;
+            }
+            state = mWorkerState = WorkerState::STOPPED;
+            if (status == Status::ABORT) {
+                mError = "Received ABORT from the logic cycle";
+            }
+        }
+        if (needToNotify) {
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+                mWorkerStateChangeRequest = false;
+            }
+            mWorkerCv.notify_one();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::audio::common::internal
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/TEST_MAPPING b/audio/aidl/common/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dcf44e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "libaudioaidlcommon_test"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h b/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6260eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/include/StreamWorker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
+
+namespace android::hardware::audio::common {
+
+class StreamLogic;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+class ThreadController {
+    enum class WorkerState { STOPPED, RUNNING, PAUSE_REQUESTED, PAUSED, RESUME_REQUESTED };
+
+  public:
+    explicit ThreadController(StreamLogic* logic) : mLogic(logic) {}
+    ~ThreadController() { stop(); }
+
+    bool start(const std::string& name, int priority);
+    void pause() { switchWorkerStateSync(WorkerState::RUNNING, WorkerState::PAUSE_REQUESTED); }
+    void resume() { switchWorkerStateSync(WorkerState::PAUSED, WorkerState::RESUME_REQUESTED); }
+    bool hasError() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+        return !mError.empty();
+    }
+    std::string getError() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mWorkerLock);
+        return mError;
+    }
+    void stop();
+    bool waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+
+    // Only used by unit tests.
+    void lockUnlockMutex(bool lock) NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS {
+        lock ? mWorkerLock.lock() : mWorkerLock.unlock();
+    }
+    std::thread::native_handle_type getThreadNativeHandle() { return mWorker.native_handle(); }
+
+  private:
+    void switchWorkerStateSync(WorkerState oldState, WorkerState newState,
+                               WorkerState* finalState = nullptr);
+    void workerThread();
+
+    StreamLogic* const mLogic;
+    std::string mThreadName;
+    int mThreadPriority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
+    std::thread mWorker;
+    std::mutex mWorkerLock;
+    std::condition_variable mWorkerCv;
+    WorkerState mWorkerState GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock) = WorkerState::STOPPED;
+    std::string mError GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock);
+    // The atomic lock-free variable is used to prevent priority inversions
+    // that can occur when a high priority worker tries to acquire the lock
+    // which has been taken by a lower priority control thread which in its turn
+    // got preempted. To prevent a PI under normal operating conditions, that is,
+    // when there are no errors or state changes, the worker does not attempt
+    // taking `mWorkerLock` unless `mWorkerStateChangeRequest` is set.
+    // To make sure that updates to `mWorkerState` and `mWorkerStateChangeRequest`
+    // are serialized, they are always made under a lock.
+    static_assert(std::atomic<bool>::is_always_lock_free);
+    std::atomic<bool> mWorkerStateChangeRequest GUARDED_BY(mWorkerLock) = false;
+};
+
+}  // namespace internal
+
+class StreamLogic {
+  public:
+    friend class internal::ThreadController;
+
+    virtual ~StreamLogic() = default;
+
+  protected:
+    enum class Status { ABORT, CONTINUE, EXIT };
+
+    /* Called once at the beginning of the thread loop. Must return
+     * an empty string to enter the thread loop, otherwise the thread loop
+     * exits and the worker switches into the 'error' state, setting
+     * the error to the returned value.
+     */
+    virtual std::string init() = 0;
+
+    /* Called for each thread loop unless the thread is in 'paused' state.
+     * Must return 'CONTINUE' to continue running, otherwise the thread loop
+     * exits. If the result from worker cycle is 'ABORT' then the worker switches
+     * into the 'error' state with a generic error message. It is recommended that
+     * the subclass reports any problems via logging facilities. Returning the 'EXIT'
+     * status is equivalent to calling 'stop()' method. This is just a way of
+     * of stopping the worker by its own initiative.
+     */
+    virtual Status cycle() = 0;
+};
+
+template <class LogicImpl>
+class StreamWorker : public LogicImpl {
+  public:
+    template <class... Args>
+    explicit StreamWorker(Args&&... args) : LogicImpl(std::forward<Args>(args)...), mThread(this) {}
+
+    // Methods of LogicImpl are available via inheritance.
+    // Forwarded methods of ThreadController follow.
+
+    // Note that 'priority' here is what is known as the 'nice number' in *nix systems.
+    // The nice number is used with the default scheduler. For threads that
+    // need to use a specialized scheduler (e.g. SCHED_FIFO) and set the priority within it,
+    // it is recommended to implement an appropriate configuration sequence within
+    // 'LogicImpl' or 'StreamLogic::init'.
+    bool start(const std::string& name = "", int priority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT) {
+        return mThread.start(name, priority);
+    }
+    void pause() { mThread.pause(); }
+    void resume() { mThread.resume(); }
+    bool hasError() { return mThread.hasError(); }
+    std::string getError() { return mThread.getError(); }
+    void stop() { return mThread.stop(); }
+    bool waitForAtLeastOneCycle() { return mThread.waitForAtLeastOneCycle(); }
+
+    // Only used by unit tests.
+    void testLockUnlockMutex(bool lock) { mThread.lockUnlockMutex(lock); }
+    std::thread::native_handle_type testGetThreadNativeHandle() {
+        return mThread.getThreadNativeHandle();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    // The ThreadController gets destroyed before LogicImpl.
+    // After the controller has been destroyed, it is guaranteed that
+    // the thread was joined, thus the 'cycle' method of LogicImpl
+    // will not be called anymore, and it is safe to destroy LogicImpl.
+    internal::ThreadController mThread;
+};
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::audio::common
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h b/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74549d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/include/Utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioChannelLayout.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioFormatDescription.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/PcmType.h>
+
+namespace android::hardware::audio::common {
+
+constexpr size_t getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(::aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType pcm) {
+    using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
+    switch (pcm) {
+        case PcmType::UINT_8_BIT:
+            return 1;
+        case PcmType::INT_16_BIT:
+            return 2;
+        case PcmType::INT_32_BIT:
+            return 4;
+        case PcmType::FIXED_Q_8_24:
+            return 4;
+        case PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT:
+            return 4;
+        case PcmType::INT_24_BIT:
+            return 3;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+constexpr size_t getChannelCount(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout& layout) {
+    using Tag = ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout::Tag;
+    switch (layout.getTag()) {
+        case Tag::none:
+            return 0;
+        case Tag::invalid:
+            return 0;
+        case Tag::indexMask:
+            return __builtin_popcount(layout.get<Tag::indexMask>());
+        case Tag::layoutMask:
+            return __builtin_popcount(layout.get<Tag::layoutMask>());
+        case Tag::voiceMask:
+            return __builtin_popcount(layout.get<Tag::voiceMask>());
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+constexpr size_t getFrameSizeInBytes(
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription& format,
+        const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout& layout) {
+    if (format == ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription{}) {
+        // Unspecified format.
+        return 0;
+    }
+    using ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+    if (format.type == AudioFormatType::PCM) {
+        return getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(format.pcm) * getChannelCount(layout);
+    } else if (format.type == AudioFormatType::NON_PCM) {
+        // For non-PCM formats always use the underlying PCM size. The default value for
+        // PCM is "UINT_8_BIT", thus non-encapsulated streams have the frame size of 1.
+        return getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(format.pcm);
+    }
+    // Something unexpected.
+    return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace android::hardware::audio::common
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp b/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3e484d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/tests/streamworker_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <StreamWorker.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#define LOG_TAG "StreamWorker_Test"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+using android::hardware::audio::common::StreamLogic;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::StreamWorker;
+
+class TestWorkerLogic : public StreamLogic {
+  public:
+    struct Stream {
+        void setErrorStatus() { status = Status::ABORT; }
+        void setStopStatus() { status = Status::EXIT; }
+        std::atomic<Status> status = Status::CONTINUE;
+    };
+
+    // Use nullptr to test error reporting from the worker thread.
+    explicit TestWorkerLogic(Stream* stream) : mStream(stream) {}
+
+    size_t getWorkerCycles() const { return mWorkerCycles; }
+    int getPriority() const { return mPriority; }
+    bool hasWorkerCycleCalled() const { return mWorkerCycles != 0; }
+    bool hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(useconds_t usec) {
+        const size_t cyclesBefore = mWorkerCycles;
+        usleep(usec);
+        return mWorkerCycles == cyclesBefore;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    // StreamLogic implementation
+    std::string init() override { return mStream != nullptr ? "" : "Expected error"; }
+    Status cycle() override {
+        mPriority = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0);
+        do {
+            mWorkerCycles++;
+        } while (mWorkerCycles == 0);
+        return mStream->status;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    Stream* const mStream;
+    std::atomic<size_t> mWorkerCycles = 0;
+    std::atomic<int> mPriority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_DEFAULT;
+};
+using TestWorker = StreamWorker<TestWorkerLogic>;
+
+// The parameter specifies whether an extra call to 'stop' is made at the end.
+class StreamWorkerInvalidTest : public testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
+  public:
+    StreamWorkerInvalidTest() : StreamWorkerInvalidTest(nullptr) {}
+    void TearDown() override {
+        if (GetParam()) {
+            worker.stop();
+        }
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    StreamWorkerInvalidTest(TestWorker::Stream* stream)
+        : testing::TestWithParam<bool>(), worker(stream) {}
+    TestWorker worker;
+};
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerInvalidTest, Uninitialized) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasWorkerCycleCalled());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerInvalidTest, UninitializedPauseIgnored) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.pause();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerInvalidTest, UninitializedResumeIgnored) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.resume();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerInvalidTest, Start) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasWorkerCycleCalled());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerInvalidTest, PauseIgnored) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.pause();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerInvalidTest, ResumeIgnored) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.resume();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(StreamWorkerInvalid, StreamWorkerInvalidTest, testing::Bool());
+
+class StreamWorkerTest : public StreamWorkerInvalidTest {
+  public:
+    StreamWorkerTest() : StreamWorkerInvalidTest(&stream) {}
+
+  protected:
+    TestWorker::Stream stream;
+};
+
+static constexpr unsigned kWorkerIdleCheckTime = 50 * 1000;
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, Uninitialized) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasWorkerCycleCalled());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, Start) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, StartStop) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.stop();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, WorkerExit) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    stream.setStopStatus();
+    worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, WorkerError) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, StopAfterError) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+    worker.stop();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, PauseResume) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.pause();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    const size_t workerCyclesBefore = worker.getWorkerCycles();
+    worker.resume();
+    // 'resume' is synchronous and returns after the worker has looped at least once.
+    EXPECT_GT(worker.getWorkerCycles(), workerCyclesBefore);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, StopPaused) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.pause();
+    worker.stop();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, PauseAfterErrorIgnored) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.pause();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, ResumeAfterErrorIgnored) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.resume();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, WorkerErrorOnResume) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.pause();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+    worker.resume();
+    worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasError());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.hasNoWorkerCycleCalled(kWorkerIdleCheckTime));
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, WaitForAtLeastOneCycle) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    const size_t workerCyclesBefore = worker.getWorkerCycles();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_GT(worker.getWorkerCycles(), workerCyclesBefore);
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, WaitForAtLeastOneCycleError) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    stream.setErrorStatus();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, MutexDoesNotBlockWorker) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+    const size_t workerCyclesBefore = worker.getWorkerCycles();
+    worker.testLockUnlockMutex(true);
+    while (worker.getWorkerCycles() == workerCyclesBefore) {
+        usleep(kWorkerIdleCheckTime);
+    }
+    worker.testLockUnlockMutex(false);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, ThreadName) {
+    const std::string workerName = "TestWorker";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start(workerName)) << worker.getError();
+    char nameBuf[128];
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_getname_np(worker.testGetThreadNativeHandle(), nameBuf, sizeof(nameBuf)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(workerName, nameBuf);
+}
+
+TEST_P(StreamWorkerTest, ThreadPriority) {
+    const int priority = ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start("", priority)) << worker.getError();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+    EXPECT_EQ(priority, worker.getPriority());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(StreamWorker, StreamWorkerTest, testing::Bool());
diff --git a/audio/aidl/common/tests/utils_tests.cpp b/audio/aidl/common/tests/utils_tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7f1a5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/common/tests/utils_tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <Utils.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#define LOG_TAG "Utils_Test"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::getChannelCount;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::getFrameSizeInBytes;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::getPcmSampleSizeInBytes;
+
+TEST(UtilsTest, ChannelCountOddCases) {
+    using Tag = AudioChannelLayout::Tag;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL, getChannelCount(AudioChannelLayout{}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL, getChannelCount(AudioChannelLayout::make<Tag::invalid>(0)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL, getChannelCount(AudioChannelLayout::make<Tag::invalid>(-1)));
+}
+
+TEST(UtilsTest, ChannelCountForIndexMask) {
+    using Tag = AudioChannelLayout::Tag;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL, getChannelCount(AudioChannelLayout::make<Tag::indexMask>(0)));
+#define VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(N)                                                                  \
+    {                                                                                         \
+        const auto l =                                                                        \
+                AudioChannelLayout::make<Tag::indexMask>(AudioChannelLayout::INDEX_MASK_##N); \
+        EXPECT_EQ(N##UL, getChannelCount(l)) << l.toString();                                 \
+    }
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(1);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(2);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(3);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(4);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(5);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(6);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(7);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(8);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(9);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(10);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(11);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(12);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(13);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(14);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(15);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(16);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(17);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(18);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(19);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(20);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(21);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(22);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(23);
+    VERIFY_INDEX_MASK(24);
+#undef VERIFY_INDEX_MASK
+}
+
+TEST(UtilsTest, ChannelCountForLayoutMask) {
+    using Tag = AudioChannelLayout::Tag;
+    const std::vector<std::pair<size_t, int32_t>> kTestLayouts = {
+            std::make_pair(0UL, 0),
+            std::make_pair(1UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO),
+            std::make_pair(2UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO),
+            std::make_pair(6UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_5POINT1),
+            std::make_pair(8UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_7POINT1),
+            std::make_pair(16UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_9POINT1POINT6),
+            std::make_pair(13UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_13POINT_360RA),
+            std::make_pair(24UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_22POINT2),
+            std::make_pair(3UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO_HAPTIC_A),
+            std::make_pair(4UL, AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO_HAPTIC_AB)};
+    for (const auto& [expected_count, layout] : kTestLayouts) {
+        const auto l = AudioChannelLayout::make<Tag::layoutMask>(layout);
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected_count, getChannelCount(l)) << l.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(UtilsTest, ChannelCountForVoiceMask) {
+    using Tag = AudioChannelLayout::Tag;
+    // clang-format off
+    const std::vector<std::pair<size_t, int32_t>> kTestLayouts = {
+            std::make_pair(0UL, 0),
+            std::make_pair(1UL, AudioChannelLayout::VOICE_UPLINK_MONO),
+            std::make_pair(1UL, AudioChannelLayout::VOICE_DNLINK_MONO),
+            std::make_pair(2UL, AudioChannelLayout::VOICE_CALL_MONO)};
+    // clang-format on
+    for (const auto& [expected_count, layout] : kTestLayouts) {
+        const auto l = AudioChannelLayout::make<Tag::voiceMask>(layout);
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected_count, getChannelCount(l)) << l.toString();
+    }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+AudioChannelLayout make_AudioChannelLayout_Mono() {
+    return AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask>(
+            AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_MONO);
+}
+
+AudioChannelLayout make_AudioChannelLayout_Stereo() {
+    return AudioChannelLayout::make<AudioChannelLayout::Tag::layoutMask>(
+            AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO);
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType type) {
+    AudioFormatDescription result;
+    result.type = type;
+    return result;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType pcm) {
+    auto result = make_AudioFormatDescription(AudioFormatType::PCM);
+    result.pcm = pcm;
+    return result;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(const std::string& encoding) {
+    AudioFormatDescription result;
+    result.encoding = encoding;
+    return result;
+}
+
+AudioFormatDescription make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType transport, const std::string& encoding) {
+    auto result = make_AudioFormatDescription(encoding);
+    result.pcm = transport;
+    return result;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST(UtilsTest, FrameSize) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL, getFrameSizeInBytes(AudioFormatDescription{}, AudioChannelLayout{}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int16_t), getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_16_BIT),
+                                                   make_AudioChannelLayout_Mono()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2 * sizeof(int16_t),
+              getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_16_BIT),
+                                  make_AudioChannelLayout_Stereo()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int32_t), getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_32_BIT),
+                                                   make_AudioChannelLayout_Mono()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2 * sizeof(int32_t),
+              getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_32_BIT),
+                                  make_AudioChannelLayout_Stereo()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(float), getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT),
+                                                 make_AudioChannelLayout_Mono()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2 * sizeof(float),
+              getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT),
+                                  make_AudioChannelLayout_Stereo()));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint8_t),
+              getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription("bitstream"), AudioChannelLayout{}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int16_t),
+              getFrameSizeInBytes(make_AudioFormatDescription(PcmType::INT_16_BIT, "encapsulated"),
+                                  AudioChannelLayout{}));
+}
+
+TEST(UtilsTest, PcmSampleSize) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(1UL, getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType{}));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(uint8_t), getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType::UINT_8_BIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int16_t), getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType::INT_16_BIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int32_t), getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType::INT_32_BIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(int32_t), getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType::FIXED_Q_8_24));
+    EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(float), getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType::FLOAT_32_BIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3UL, getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType::INT_24_BIT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL, getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType(-1)));
+    using PcmTypeUnderlyingType = std::underlying_type_t<PcmType>;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL,
+              getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType(std::numeric_limits<PcmTypeUnderlyingType>::min())));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0UL,
+              getPcmSampleSizeInBytes(PcmType(std::numeric_limits<PcmTypeUnderlyingType>::max())));
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
index ad1d9c7..f536776 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -7,16 +7,27 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["hardware_interfaces_license"],
 }
 
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libaudioserviceexampleimpl",
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "aidlaudioservice_defaults",
     vendor: true,
     shared_libs: [
+        "libaudioaidlcommon",
         "libbase",
         "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
         "libstagefright_foundation",
+        "libutils",
         "android.media.audio.common.types-V1-ndk",
         "android.hardware.audio.core-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
     ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libaudioserviceexampleimpl",
+    defaults: ["aidlaudioservice_defaults"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     srcs: [
         "Config.cpp",
@@ -34,16 +45,50 @@
     relative_install_path: "hw",
     init_rc: ["android.hardware.audio.service-aidl.example.rc"],
     vintf_fragments: ["android.hardware.audio.service-aidl.xml"],
-    vendor: true,
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libstagefright_foundation",
-        "android.media.audio.common.types-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.audio.core-V1-ndk",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["aidlaudioservice_defaults"],
     static_libs: [
         "libaudioserviceexampleimpl",
     ],
     srcs: ["main.cpp"],
 }
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "aidlaudioeffectservice_defaults",
+    vendor: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "android.media.audio.common.types-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.audio.effect-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libaudioeffectserviceexampleimpl",
+    defaults: ["aidlaudioeffectservice_defaults"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    srcs: [
+        "EffectFactory.cpp",
+    ],
+    visibility: [
+        ":__subpackages__",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.example",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.example.rc"],
+    vintf_fragments: ["android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.xml"],
+    defaults: ["aidlaudioeffectservice_defaults"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libaudioeffectserviceexampleimpl",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["EffectMain.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31e23f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectFactory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "AHAL_EffectFactory"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h"
+#include "equalizer-impl/Equalizer.h"
+#include "visualizer-impl/Visualizer.h"
+
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid;
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
+
+Factory::Factory() {
+    // TODO: implement this with xml parser on audio_effect.xml, and filter with optional
+    // parameters.
+    Descriptor::Identity id;
+    id.type = {static_cast<int32_t>(0x0bed4300),
+               0xddd6,
+               0x11db,
+               0x8f34,
+               {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}};
+    id.uuid = EqualizerUUID;
+    mIdentityList.push_back(id);
+    id.type = {static_cast<int32_t>(0xd3467faa),
+               0xacc7,
+               0x4d34,
+               0xacaf,
+               {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}};
+    id.uuid = VisualizerUUID;
+    mIdentityList.push_back(id);
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Factory::queryEffects(const std::optional<AudioUuid>& in_type,
+                                         const std::optional<AudioUuid>& in_instance,
+                                         std::vector<Descriptor::Identity>* _aidl_return) {
+    std::copy_if(mIdentityList.begin(), mIdentityList.end(), std::back_inserter(*_aidl_return),
+                 [&](auto& desc) {
+                     return (!in_type.has_value() || in_type.value() == desc.type) &&
+                            (!in_instance.has_value() || in_instance.value() == desc.uuid);
+                 });
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EffectMain.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EffectMain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b3c39b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EffectMain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+int main() {
+    // This is a debug implementation, always enable debug logging.
+    android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::DEBUG);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(16);
+
+    auto effectFactory =
+            ndk::SharedRefBase::make<aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Factory>();
+    std::string serviceName = std::string() + effectFactory->descriptor + "/default";
+    binder_status_t status =
+            AServiceManager_addService(effectFactory->asBinder().get(), serviceName.c_str());
+    CHECK_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": effectFactoryName:" << serviceName;
+
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
index 5b4d48a..af033d0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Module.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "AHAL_Module"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
+#include <Utils.h>
+#include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioInputFlags.h>
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioOutputFlags.h>
 
 #include "core-impl/Module.h"
@@ -27,7 +29,10 @@
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioChannelLayout;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioInputFlags;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioIoFlags;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOutputFlags;
@@ -36,6 +41,8 @@
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioProfile;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::Int;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::PcmType;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::getFrameSizeInBytes;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
@@ -87,28 +94,94 @@
     erase_all_values(mPatches, std::set<int32_t>{patchId});
 }
 
-void Module::cleanUpPatches(int32_t portConfigId) {
-    auto& patches = getConfig().patches;
-    if (patches.size() == 0) return;
-    auto range = mPatches.equal_range(portConfigId);
-    for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; ++it) {
-        auto patchIt = findById<AudioPatch>(patches, it->second);
-        if (patchIt != patches.end()) {
-            erase_if(patchIt->sourcePortConfigIds,
-                     [portConfigId](auto e) { return e == portConfigId; });
-            erase_if(patchIt->sinkPortConfigIds,
-                     [portConfigId](auto e) { return e == portConfigId; });
-        }
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::createStreamContext(int32_t in_portConfigId, int64_t in_bufferSizeFrames,
+                                               StreamContext* out_context) {
+    if (in_bufferSizeFrames <= 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": non-positive buffer size " << in_bufferSizeFrames;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    std::set<int32_t> erasedPatches;
-    for (size_t i = patches.size() - 1; i != 0; --i) {
-        const auto& patch = patches[i];
-        if (patch.sourcePortConfigIds.empty() || patch.sinkPortConfigIds.empty()) {
-            erasedPatches.insert(patch.id);
-            patches.erase(patches.begin() + i);
-        }
+    if (in_bufferSizeFrames < kMinimumStreamBufferSizeFrames) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": insufficient buffer size " << in_bufferSizeFrames
+                   << ", must be at least " << kMinimumStreamBufferSizeFrames;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    erase_all_values(mPatches, erasedPatches);
+    auto& configs = getConfig().portConfigs;
+    auto portConfigIt = findById<AudioPortConfig>(configs, in_portConfigId);
+    // Since this is a private method, it is assumed that
+    // validity of the portConfigId has already been checked.
+    const size_t frameSize =
+            getFrameSizeInBytes(portConfigIt->format.value(), portConfigIt->channelMask.value());
+    if (frameSize == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": could not calculate frame size for port config "
+                   << portConfigIt->toString();
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": frame size " << frameSize << " bytes";
+    if (frameSize > kMaximumStreamBufferSizeBytes / in_bufferSizeFrames) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": buffer size " << in_bufferSizeFrames
+                   << " frames is too large, maximum size is "
+                   << kMaximumStreamBufferSizeBytes / frameSize;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    const auto& flags = portConfigIt->flags.value();
+    if ((flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::input &&
+         (flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::input>() &
+          1 << static_cast<int32_t>(AudioInputFlags::MMAP_NOIRQ)) == 0) ||
+        (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::output &&
+         (flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>() &
+          1 << static_cast<int32_t>(AudioOutputFlags::MMAP_NOIRQ)) == 0)) {
+        StreamContext temp(
+                std::make_unique<StreamContext::CommandMQ>(1, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/),
+                std::make_unique<StreamContext::ReplyMQ>(1, true /*configureEventFlagWord*/),
+                frameSize,
+                std::make_unique<StreamContext::DataMQ>(frameSize * in_bufferSizeFrames));
+        if (temp.isValid()) {
+            *out_context = std::move(temp);
+        } else {
+            return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // TODO: Implement simulation of MMAP buffer allocation
+    }
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+}
+
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::findPortIdForNewStream(int32_t in_portConfigId, AudioPort** port) {
+    auto& configs = getConfig().portConfigs;
+    auto portConfigIt = findById<AudioPortConfig>(configs, in_portConfigId);
+    if (portConfigIt == configs.end()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": existing port config id " << in_portConfigId << " not found";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    const int32_t portId = portConfigIt->portId;
+    // In our implementation, configs of mix ports always have unique IDs.
+    CHECK(portId != in_portConfigId);
+    auto& ports = getConfig().ports;
+    auto portIt = findById<AudioPort>(ports, portId);
+    if (portIt == ports.end()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << portId << " used by port config id "
+                   << in_portConfigId << " not found";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    if (mStreams.count(in_portConfigId) != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
+                   << " already has a stream opened on it";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    if (portIt->ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::mix) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
+                   << " does not correspond to a mix port";
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+    }
+    const int32_t maxOpenStreamCount = portIt->ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::mix>().maxOpenStreamCount;
+    if (maxOpenStreamCount != 0 && mStreams.count(portId) >= maxOpenStreamCount) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << portId
+                   << " has already reached maximum allowed opened stream count: "
+                   << maxOpenStreamCount;
+        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    *port = &(*portIt);
+    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 internal::Configuration& Module::getConfig() {
@@ -135,6 +208,28 @@
     do_insert(patch.sinkPortConfigIds);
 }
 
+void Module::updateStreamsConnectedState(const AudioPatch& oldPatch, const AudioPatch& newPatch) {
+    // Streams from the old patch need to be disconnected, streams from the new
+    // patch need to be connected. If the stream belongs to both patches, no need
+    // to update it.
+    std::set<int32_t> idsToDisconnect, idsToConnect;
+    idsToDisconnect.insert(oldPatch.sourcePortConfigIds.begin(),
+                           oldPatch.sourcePortConfigIds.end());
+    idsToDisconnect.insert(oldPatch.sinkPortConfigIds.begin(), oldPatch.sinkPortConfigIds.end());
+    idsToConnect.insert(newPatch.sourcePortConfigIds.begin(), newPatch.sourcePortConfigIds.end());
+    idsToConnect.insert(newPatch.sinkPortConfigIds.begin(), newPatch.sinkPortConfigIds.end());
+    std::for_each(idsToDisconnect.begin(), idsToDisconnect.end(), [&](const auto& portConfigId) {
+        if (idsToConnect.count(portConfigId) == 0) {
+            mStreams.setStreamIsConnected(portConfigId, false);
+        }
+    });
+    std::for_each(idsToConnect.begin(), idsToConnect.end(), [&](const auto& portConfigId) {
+        if (idsToDisconnect.count(portConfigId) == 0) {
+            mStreams.setStreamIsConnected(portConfigId, true);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::setModuleDebug(
         const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::ModuleDebug& in_debug) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": old flags:" << mDebug.toString()
@@ -336,98 +431,78 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::openInputStream(int32_t in_portConfigId,
-                                           const SinkMetadata& in_sinkMetadata,
-                                           std::shared_ptr<IStreamIn>* _aidl_return) {
-    auto& configs = getConfig().portConfigs;
-    auto portConfigIt = findById<AudioPortConfig>(configs, in_portConfigId);
-    if (portConfigIt == configs.end()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": existing port config id " << in_portConfigId << " not found";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::openInputStream(const OpenInputStreamArguments& in_args,
+                                           OpenInputStreamReturn* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_args.portConfigId << ", buffer size "
+               << in_args.bufferSizeFrames << " frames";
+    AudioPort* port = nullptr;
+    if (auto status = findPortIdForNewStream(in_args.portConfigId, &port); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
     }
-    const int32_t portId = portConfigIt->portId;
-    // In our implementation, configs of mix ports always have unique IDs.
-    CHECK(portId != in_portConfigId);
-    auto& ports = getConfig().ports;
-    auto portIt = findById<AudioPort>(ports, portId);
-    if (portIt == ports.end()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << portId << " used by port config id "
-                   << in_portConfigId << " not found";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
-    if (portIt->flags.getTag() != AudioIoFlags::Tag::input ||
-        portIt->ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::mix) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
+    if (port->flags.getTag() != AudioIoFlags::Tag::input) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_args.portConfigId
                    << " does not correspond to an input mix port";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    if (mStreams.count(in_portConfigId) != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
-                   << " already has a stream opened on it";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    StreamContext context;
+    if (auto status = createStreamContext(in_args.portConfigId, in_args.bufferSizeFrames, &context);
+        !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
     }
-    const int32_t maxOpenStreamCount = portIt->ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::mix>().maxOpenStreamCount;
-    if (maxOpenStreamCount != 0 && mStreams.count(portId) >= maxOpenStreamCount) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << portId
-                   << " has already reached maximum allowed opened stream count: "
-                   << maxOpenStreamCount;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
+    auto stream = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamIn>(in_args.sinkMetadata, std::move(context));
+    if (auto status = stream->init(); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
     }
-    auto stream = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamIn>(in_sinkMetadata);
-    mStreams.insert(portId, in_portConfigId, StreamWrapper(stream));
-    *_aidl_return = std::move(stream);
+    StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
+    auto patchIt = mPatches.find(in_args.portConfigId);
+    if (patchIt != mPatches.end()) {
+        streamWrapper.setStreamIsConnected(true);
+    }
+    mStreams.insert(port->id, in_args.portConfigId, std::move(streamWrapper));
+    _aidl_return->stream = std::move(stream);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::openOutputStream(int32_t in_portConfigId,
-                                            const SourceMetadata& in_sourceMetadata,
-                                            const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& in_offloadInfo,
-                                            std::shared_ptr<IStreamOut>* _aidl_return) {
-    auto& configs = getConfig().portConfigs;
-    auto portConfigIt = findById<AudioPortConfig>(configs, in_portConfigId);
-    if (portConfigIt == configs.end()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": existing port config id " << in_portConfigId << " not found";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
+ndk::ScopedAStatus Module::openOutputStream(const OpenOutputStreamArguments& in_args,
+                                            OpenOutputStreamReturn* _aidl_return) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_args.portConfigId << ", has offload info? "
+               << (in_args.offloadInfo.has_value()) << ", buffer size " << in_args.bufferSizeFrames
+               << " frames";
+    AudioPort* port = nullptr;
+    if (auto status = findPortIdForNewStream(in_args.portConfigId, &port); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
     }
-    const int32_t portId = portConfigIt->portId;
-    // In our implementation, configs of mix ports always have unique IDs.
-    CHECK(portId != in_portConfigId);
-    auto& ports = getConfig().ports;
-    auto portIt = findById<AudioPort>(ports, portId);
-    if (portIt == ports.end()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << portId << " used by port config id "
-                   << in_portConfigId << " not found";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
-    if (portIt->flags.getTag() != AudioIoFlags::Tag::output ||
-        portIt->ext.getTag() != AudioPortExt::Tag::mix) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
+    if (port->flags.getTag() != AudioIoFlags::Tag::output) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_args.portConfigId
                    << " does not correspond to an output mix port";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    if (portConfigIt->flags.has_value() &&
-        ((portConfigIt->flags.value().get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>() &
-          1 << static_cast<int32_t>(AudioOutputFlags::COMPRESS_OFFLOAD)) != 0) &&
-        !in_offloadInfo.has_value()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
+    if ((port->flags.get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>() &
+         1 << static_cast<int32_t>(AudioOutputFlags::COMPRESS_OFFLOAD)) != 0 &&
+        !in_args.offloadInfo.has_value()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << port->id
                    << " has COMPRESS_OFFLOAD flag set, requires offload info";
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
     }
-    if (mStreams.count(in_portConfigId) != 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port config id " << in_portConfigId
-                   << " already has a stream opened on it";
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    StreamContext context;
+    if (auto status = createStreamContext(in_args.portConfigId, in_args.bufferSizeFrames, &context);
+        !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
     }
-    const int32_t maxOpenStreamCount = portIt->ext.get<AudioPortExt::Tag::mix>().maxOpenStreamCount;
-    if (maxOpenStreamCount != 0 && mStreams.count(portId) >= maxOpenStreamCount) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": port id " << portId
-                   << " has already reached maximum allowed opened stream count: "
-                   << maxOpenStreamCount;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    context.fillDescriptor(&_aidl_return->desc);
+    auto stream = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamOut>(in_args.sourceMetadata, std::move(context),
+                                                      in_args.offloadInfo);
+    if (auto status = stream->init(); !status.isOk()) {
+        return status;
     }
-    auto stream = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<StreamOut>(in_sourceMetadata, in_offloadInfo);
-    mStreams.insert(portId, in_portConfigId, StreamWrapper(stream));
-    *_aidl_return = std::move(stream);
+    StreamWrapper streamWrapper(stream);
+    auto patchIt = mPatches.find(in_args.portConfigId);
+    if (patchIt != mPatches.end()) {
+        streamWrapper.setStreamIsConnected(true);
+    }
+    mStreams.insert(port->id, in_args.portConfigId, std::move(streamWrapper));
+    _aidl_return->stream = std::move(stream);
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -512,15 +587,24 @@
         }
     }
     *_aidl_return = in_requested;
+    _aidl_return->minimumStreamBufferSizeFrames = kMinimumStreamBufferSizeFrames;
+    _aidl_return->latenciesMs.clear();
+    _aidl_return->latenciesMs.insert(_aidl_return->latenciesMs.end(),
+                                     _aidl_return->sinkPortConfigIds.size(), kLatencyMs);
+    AudioPatch oldPatch{};
     if (existing == patches.end()) {
         _aidl_return->id = getConfig().nextPatchId++;
         patches.push_back(*_aidl_return);
         existing = patches.begin() + (patches.size() - 1);
     } else {
+        oldPatch = *existing;
         *existing = *_aidl_return;
     }
     registerPatch(*existing);
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": created or updated patch id " << _aidl_return->id;
+    updateStreamsConnectedState(oldPatch, *_aidl_return);
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": " << (oldPatch.id == 0 ? "created" : "updated") << " patch "
+               << _aidl_return->toString();
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
@@ -655,6 +739,7 @@
     auto patchIt = findById<AudioPatch>(patches, in_patchId);
     if (patchIt != patches.end()) {
         cleanUpPatch(patchIt->id);
+        updateStreamsConnectedState(*patchIt, AudioPatch{});
         patches.erase(patchIt);
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": erased patch " << in_patchId;
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
index e16b2c6..312df72 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -15,9 +15,10 @@
  */
 
 #define LOG_TAG "AHAL_Stream"
-#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
 
+#include "core-impl/Module.h"
 #include "core-impl/Stream.h"
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata;
@@ -26,11 +27,199 @@
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-StreamIn::StreamIn(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata) : mMetadata(sinkMetadata) {}
+void StreamContext::fillDescriptor(StreamDescriptor* desc) {
+    if (mCommandMQ) {
+        desc->command = mCommandMQ->dupeDesc();
+    }
+    if (mReplyMQ) {
+        desc->reply = mReplyMQ->dupeDesc();
+    }
+    if (mDataMQ) {
+        desc->frameSizeBytes = mFrameSize;
+        desc->bufferSizeFrames =
+                mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize() / mFrameSize;
+        desc->audio.set<StreamDescriptor::AudioBuffer::Tag::fmq>(mDataMQ->dupeDesc());
+    }
+}
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamIn::close() {
+bool StreamContext::isValid() const {
+    if (mCommandMQ && !mCommandMQ->isValid()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "command FMQ is invalid";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mReplyMQ && !mReplyMQ->isValid()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "reply FMQ is invalid";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mFrameSize == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "frame size is not set";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mDataMQ && !mDataMQ->isValid()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "data FMQ is invalid";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void StreamContext::reset() {
+    mCommandMQ.reset();
+    mReplyMQ.reset();
+    mDataMQ.reset();
+}
+
+std::string StreamWorkerCommonLogic::init() {
+    if (mCommandMQ == nullptr) return "Command MQ is null";
+    if (mReplyMQ == nullptr) return "Reply MQ is null";
+    if (mDataMQ == nullptr) return "Data MQ is null";
+    if (sizeof(decltype(mDataBuffer)::element_type) != mDataMQ->getQuantumSize()) {
+        return "Unexpected Data MQ quantum size: " + std::to_string(mDataMQ->getQuantumSize());
+    }
+    mDataBufferSize = mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize();
+    mDataBuffer.reset(new (std::nothrow) int8_t[mDataBufferSize]);
+    if (mDataBuffer == nullptr) {
+        return "Failed to allocate data buffer for element count " +
+               std::to_string(mDataMQ->getQuantumCount()) +
+               ", size in bytes: " + std::to_string(mDataBufferSize);
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+const std::string StreamInWorkerLogic::kThreadName = "reader";
+
+StreamInWorkerLogic::Status StreamInWorkerLogic::cycle() {
+    StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
+    if (!mCommandMQ->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of command from MQ failed";
+        return Status::ABORT;
+    }
+    StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
+    if (command.code == StreamContext::COMMAND_EXIT &&
+        command.fmqByteCount == mInternalCommandCookie) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received EXIT command";
+        // This is an internal command, no need to reply.
+        return Status::EXIT;
+    } else if (command.code == StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST && command.fmqByteCount >= 0) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received BURST read command for " << command.fmqByteCount
+                   << " bytes";
+        usleep(3000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
+        const size_t byteCount = std::min({static_cast<size_t>(command.fmqByteCount),
+                                           mDataMQ->availableToWrite(), mDataBufferSize});
+        const bool isConnected = mIsConnected;
+        // Simulate reading of data, or provide zeroes if the stream is not connected.
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < byteCount; ++i) {
+            using buffer_type = decltype(mDataBuffer)::element_type;
+            constexpr int kBufferValueRange = std::numeric_limits<buffer_type>::max() -
+                                              std::numeric_limits<buffer_type>::min() + 1;
+            mDataBuffer[i] = isConnected ? (std::rand() % kBufferValueRange) +
+                                                   std::numeric_limits<buffer_type>::min()
+                                         : 0;
+        }
+        bool success = byteCount > 0 ? mDataMQ->write(&mDataBuffer[0], byteCount) : true;
+        if (success) {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": writing of " << byteCount << " bytes into data MQ"
+                       << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
+            // Frames are provided and counted regardless of connection status.
+            reply.fmqByteCount = byteCount;
+            mFrameCount += byteCount / mFrameSize;
+            if (isConnected) {
+                reply.status = STATUS_OK;
+                reply.observable.frames = mFrameCount;
+                reply.observable.timeNs = ::android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+            } else {
+                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+            }
+        } else {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": writing of " << byteCount
+                         << " bytes of data to MQ failed";
+            reply.status = STATUS_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA;
+        }
+        reply.latencyMs = Module::kLatencyMs;
+    } else {
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid command (" << command.toString()
+                     << ") or count: " << command.fmqByteCount;
+        reply.status = STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
+    if (!mReplyMQ->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of reply " << reply.toString() << " to MQ failed";
+        return Status::ABORT;
+    }
+    return Status::CONTINUE;
+}
+
+const std::string StreamOutWorkerLogic::kThreadName = "writer";
+
+StreamOutWorkerLogic::Status StreamOutWorkerLogic::cycle() {
+    StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
+    if (!mCommandMQ->readBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of command from MQ failed";
+        return Status::ABORT;
+    }
+    StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
+    if (command.code == StreamContext::COMMAND_EXIT &&
+        command.fmqByteCount == mInternalCommandCookie) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received EXIT command";
+        // This is an internal command, no need to reply.
+        return Status::EXIT;
+    } else if (command.code == StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST && command.fmqByteCount >= 0) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": received BURST write command for " << command.fmqByteCount
+                   << " bytes";
+        const size_t byteCount = std::min({static_cast<size_t>(command.fmqByteCount),
+                                           mDataMQ->availableToRead(), mDataBufferSize});
+        bool success = byteCount > 0 ? mDataMQ->read(&mDataBuffer[0], byteCount) : true;
+        if (success) {
+            const bool isConnected = mIsConnected;
+            LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": reading of " << byteCount << " bytes from data MQ"
+                       << " succeeded; connected? " << isConnected;
+            // Frames are consumed and counted regardless of connection status.
+            reply.fmqByteCount = byteCount;
+            mFrameCount += byteCount / mFrameSize;
+            if (isConnected) {
+                reply.status = STATUS_OK;
+                reply.observable.frames = mFrameCount;
+                reply.observable.timeNs = ::android::elapsedRealtimeNano();
+            } else {
+                reply.status = STATUS_INVALID_OPERATION;
+            }
+            usleep(3000);  // Simulate a blocking call into the driver.
+        } else {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": reading of " << byteCount
+                         << " bytes of data from MQ failed";
+            reply.status = STATUS_NOT_ENOUGH_DATA;
+        }
+        reply.latencyMs = Module::kLatencyMs;
+    } else {
+        LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid command (" << command.toString()
+                     << ") or count: " << command.fmqByteCount;
+        reply.status = STATUS_BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": writing reply " << reply.toString();
+    if (!mReplyMQ->writeBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of reply " << reply.toString() << " to MQ failed";
+        return Status::ABORT;
+    }
+    return Status::CONTINUE;
+}
+
+template <class Metadata, class StreamWorker>
+StreamCommon<Metadata, StreamWorker>::~StreamCommon() {
+    if (!mIsClosed) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was not closed prior to destruction, resource leak";
+        stopWorker();
+        // The worker and the context should clean up by themselves via destructors.
+    }
+}
+
+template <class Metadata, class StreamWorker>
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamCommon<Metadata, StreamWorker>::close() {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
     if (!mIsClosed) {
+        stopWorker();
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining the worker thread...";
+        mWorker.stop();
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": worker thread joined";
+        mContext.reset();
         mIsClosed = true;
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     } else {
@@ -39,38 +228,44 @@
     }
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamIn::updateMetadata(const SinkMetadata& in_sinkMetadata) {
+template <class Metadata, class StreamWorker>
+void StreamCommon<Metadata, StreamWorker>::stopWorker() {
+    if (auto commandMQ = mContext.getCommandMQ(); commandMQ != nullptr) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": asking the worker to stop...";
+        StreamDescriptor::Command cmd;
+        cmd.code = StreamContext::COMMAND_EXIT;
+        cmd.fmqByteCount = mContext.getInternalCommandCookie();
+        // FIXME: This can block in the case when the client wrote a command
+        // while the stream worker's cycle is not running. Need to revisit
+        // when implementing standby and pause/resume.
+        if (!commandMQ->writeBlocking(&cmd, 1)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": failed to write exit command to the MQ";
+        }
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": done";
+    }
+}
+
+template <class Metadata, class StreamWorker>
+ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamCommon<Metadata, StreamWorker>::updateMetadata(const Metadata& metadata) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
     if (!mIsClosed) {
-        mMetadata = in_sinkMetadata;
+        mMetadata = metadata;
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
     LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
 }
 
-StreamOut::StreamOut(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+StreamIn::StreamIn(const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata, StreamContext context)
+    : StreamCommon<SinkMetadata, StreamInWorker>(sinkMetadata, std::move(context)) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
+}
+
+StreamOut::StreamOut(const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata, StreamContext context,
                      const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo)
-    : mMetadata(sourceMetadata), mOffloadInfo(offloadInfo) {}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOut::close() {
+    : StreamCommon<SourceMetadata, StreamOutWorker>(sourceMetadata, std::move(context)),
+      mOffloadInfo(offloadInfo) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
-    if (!mIsClosed) {
-        mIsClosed = true;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-    }
-    LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was already closed";
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamOut::updateMetadata(const SourceMetadata& in_sourceMetadata) {
-    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
-    if (!mIsClosed) {
-        mMetadata = in_sourceMetadata;
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-    }
-    LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": stream was closed";
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
 }
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.example.rc b/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.example.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01c0e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.example.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+service vendor.audio-effect-hal-aidl /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.example
+    class hal
+    user audioserver
+    # media gid needed for /dev/fm (radio) and for /data/misc/media (tee)
+    group audio camera drmrpc inet media mediadrm net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct wakelock context_hub
+    capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND
+    ioprio rt 4
+    task_profiles ProcessCapacityHigh HighPerformance
+    onrestart restart audioserver
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.xml b/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdc53a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/android.hardware.audio.effect.service-aidl.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+  <hal format="aidl">
+    <name>android.hardware.audio.effect</name>
+    <version>1</version>
+    <fqname>IFactory/default</fqname>
+  </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
index 81a02ba..61516b2 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Module.h
@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
 class Module : public BnModule {
+  public:
+    // This value is used for all AudioPatches and reported by all streams.
+    static constexpr int32_t kLatencyMs = 10;
+
+  private:
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setModuleDebug(
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::ModuleDebug& in_debug) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus connectExternalDevice(
@@ -48,15 +53,15 @@
             int32_t in_portId,
             std::vector<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::AudioRoute>* _aidl_return) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus openInputStream(
-            int32_t in_portConfigId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& in_sinkMetadata,
-            std::shared_ptr<IStreamIn>* _aidl_return) override;
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamArguments&
+                    in_args,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamReturn* _aidl_return)
+            override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus openOutputStream(
-            int32_t in_portConfigId,
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& in_sourceMetadata,
-            const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
-                    in_offloadInfo,
-            std::shared_ptr<IStreamOut>* _aidl_return) override;
+            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamArguments&
+                    in_args,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn* _aidl_return)
+            override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setAudioPatch(const AudioPatch& in_requested,
                                      AudioPatch* _aidl_return) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setAudioPortConfig(
@@ -66,11 +71,20 @@
     ndk::ScopedAStatus resetAudioPatch(int32_t in_patchId) override;
     ndk::ScopedAStatus resetAudioPortConfig(int32_t in_portConfigId) override;
 
-  private:
     void cleanUpPatch(int32_t patchId);
-    void cleanUpPatches(int32_t portConfigId);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus createStreamContext(
+            int32_t in_portConfigId, int64_t in_bufferSizeFrames,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::StreamContext* out_context);
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus findPortIdForNewStream(
+            int32_t in_portConfigId, ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort** port);
     internal::Configuration& getConfig();
     void registerPatch(const AudioPatch& patch);
+    void updateStreamsConnectedState(const AudioPatch& oldPatch, const AudioPatch& newPatch);
+
+    // This value is used for all AudioPatches.
+    static constexpr int32_t kMinimumStreamBufferSizeFrames = 16;
+    // The maximum stream buffer size is 1 GiB = 2 ** 30 bytes;
+    static constexpr int32_t kMaximumStreamBufferSizeBytes = 1 << 30;
 
     std::unique_ptr<internal::Configuration> mConfig;
     ModuleDebug mDebug;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
index 87104dd..816cdb1 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
@@ -16,50 +16,203 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cstdlib>
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <optional>
 #include <variant>
 
+#include <StreamWorker.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/common/SinkMetadata.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/common/SourceMetadata.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/BnStreamIn.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/BnStreamOut.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/StreamDescriptor.h>
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioOffloadInfo.h>
+#include <fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #include "core-impl/utils.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
-class StreamIn : public BnStreamIn {
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override;
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus updateMetadata(
-            const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& in_sinkMetadata) override;
-
+// This class is similar to StreamDescriptor, but unlike
+// the descriptor, it actually owns the objects implementing
+// data exchange: FMQs etc, whereas StreamDescriptor only
+// contains their descriptors.
+class StreamContext {
   public:
-    explicit StreamIn(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata);
-    bool isClosed() const { return mIsClosed; }
+    typedef ::android::AidlMessageQueue<
+            StreamDescriptor::Command,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>
+            CommandMQ;
+    typedef ::android::AidlMessageQueue<
+            StreamDescriptor::Reply, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>
+            ReplyMQ;
+    typedef ::android::AidlMessageQueue<
+            int8_t, ::aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite>
+            DataMQ;
+
+    // Ensure that this value is not used by any of StreamDescriptor.COMMAND_*
+    static constexpr int COMMAND_EXIT = -1;
+
+    StreamContext() = default;
+    StreamContext(std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> commandMQ, std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> replyMQ,
+                  size_t frameSize, std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> dataMQ)
+        : mCommandMQ(std::move(commandMQ)),
+          mInternalCommandCookie(std::rand()),
+          mReplyMQ(std::move(replyMQ)),
+          mFrameSize(frameSize),
+          mDataMQ(std::move(dataMQ)) {}
+    StreamContext(StreamContext&& other)
+        : mCommandMQ(std::move(other.mCommandMQ)),
+          mInternalCommandCookie(other.mInternalCommandCookie),
+          mReplyMQ(std::move(other.mReplyMQ)),
+          mFrameSize(other.mFrameSize),
+          mDataMQ(std::move(other.mDataMQ)) {}
+    StreamContext& operator=(StreamContext&& other) {
+        mCommandMQ = std::move(other.mCommandMQ);
+        mInternalCommandCookie = other.mInternalCommandCookie;
+        mReplyMQ = std::move(other.mReplyMQ);
+        mFrameSize = other.mFrameSize;
+        mDataMQ = std::move(other.mDataMQ);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    void fillDescriptor(StreamDescriptor* desc);
+    CommandMQ* getCommandMQ() const { return mCommandMQ.get(); }
+    DataMQ* getDataMQ() const { return mDataMQ.get(); }
+    size_t getFrameSize() const { return mFrameSize; }
+    int getInternalCommandCookie() const { return mInternalCommandCookie; }
+    ReplyMQ* getReplyMQ() const { return mReplyMQ.get(); }
+    bool isValid() const;
+    void reset();
 
   private:
-    ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata mMetadata;
-    bool mIsClosed = false;
+    std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> mCommandMQ;
+    int mInternalCommandCookie;  // The value used to confirm that the command was posted internally
+    std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> mReplyMQ;
+    size_t mFrameSize;
+    std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> mDataMQ;
 };
 
-class StreamOut : public BnStreamOut {
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override;
+class StreamWorkerCommonLogic : public ::android::hardware::audio::common::StreamLogic {
+  public:
+    void setIsConnected(bool connected) { mIsConnected = connected; }
+
+  protected:
+    explicit StreamWorkerCommonLogic(const StreamContext& context)
+        : mInternalCommandCookie(context.getInternalCommandCookie()),
+          mFrameSize(context.getFrameSize()),
+          mCommandMQ(context.getCommandMQ()),
+          mReplyMQ(context.getReplyMQ()),
+          mDataMQ(context.getDataMQ()) {}
+    std::string init() override;
+
+    // Used both by the main and worker threads.
+    std::atomic<bool> mIsConnected = false;
+    // All fields are used on the worker thread only.
+    const int mInternalCommandCookie;
+    const size_t mFrameSize;
+    StreamContext::CommandMQ* mCommandMQ;
+    StreamContext::ReplyMQ* mReplyMQ;
+    StreamContext::DataMQ* mDataMQ;
+    // We use an array and the "size" field instead of a vector to be able to detect
+    // memory allocation issues.
+    std::unique_ptr<int8_t[]> mDataBuffer;
+    size_t mDataBufferSize;
+    long mFrameCount = 0;
+};
+
+class StreamInWorkerLogic : public StreamWorkerCommonLogic {
+  public:
+    static const std::string kThreadName;
+    explicit StreamInWorkerLogic(const StreamContext& context) : StreamWorkerCommonLogic(context) {}
+
+  protected:
+    Status cycle() override;
+};
+using StreamInWorker = ::android::hardware::audio::common::StreamWorker<StreamInWorkerLogic>;
+
+class StreamOutWorkerLogic : public StreamWorkerCommonLogic {
+  public:
+    static const std::string kThreadName;
+    explicit StreamOutWorkerLogic(const StreamContext& context)
+        : StreamWorkerCommonLogic(context) {}
+
+  protected:
+    Status cycle() override;
+};
+using StreamOutWorker = ::android::hardware::audio::common::StreamWorker<StreamOutWorkerLogic>;
+
+template <class Metadata, class StreamWorker>
+class StreamCommon {
+  public:
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus close();
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus init() {
+        return mWorker.start(StreamWorker::kThreadName, ANDROID_PRIORITY_AUDIO)
+                       ? ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok()
+                       : ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
+    }
+    bool isClosed() const { return mIsClosed; }
+    void setIsConnected(bool connected) { mWorker.setIsConnected(connected); }
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus updateMetadata(const Metadata& metadata);
+
+  protected:
+    StreamCommon(const Metadata& metadata, StreamContext context)
+        : mMetadata(metadata), mContext(std::move(context)), mWorker(mContext) {}
+    ~StreamCommon();
+    void stopWorker();
+
+    Metadata mMetadata;
+    StreamContext mContext;
+    StreamWorker mWorker;
+    // This variable is checked in the destructor which can be called on an arbitrary Binder thread,
+    // thus we need to ensure that any changes made by other threads are sequentially consistent.
+    std::atomic<bool> mIsClosed = false;
+};
+
+class StreamIn
+    : public StreamCommon<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata, StreamInWorker>,
+      public BnStreamIn {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override {
+        return StreamCommon<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata,
+                            StreamInWorker>::close();
+    }
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus updateMetadata(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata&
+                                              in_sinkMetadata) override {
+        return StreamCommon<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata,
+                            StreamInWorker>::updateMetadata(in_sinkMetadata);
+    }
+
+  public:
+    StreamIn(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
+             StreamContext context);
+};
+
+class StreamOut : public StreamCommon<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata,
+                                      StreamOutWorker>,
+                  public BnStreamOut {
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override {
+        return StreamCommon<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata,
+                            StreamOutWorker>::close();
+    }
     ndk::ScopedAStatus updateMetadata(
             const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& in_sourceMetadata)
-            override;
+            override {
+        return StreamCommon<::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata,
+                            StreamOutWorker>::updateMetadata(in_sourceMetadata);
+    }
 
   public:
     StreamOut(const ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
+              StreamContext context,
               const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo>&
                       offloadInfo);
-    bool isClosed() const { return mIsClosed; }
 
   private:
-    ::aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::SourceMetadata mMetadata;
     std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOffloadInfo> mOffloadInfo;
-    bool mIsClosed = false;
 };
 
 class StreamWrapper {
@@ -74,6 +227,15 @@
                 },
                 mStream);
     }
+    void setStreamIsConnected(bool connected) {
+        std::visit(
+                [&](auto&& ws) -> bool {
+                    auto s = ws.lock();
+                    if (s) s->setIsConnected(connected);
+                    return !!s;
+                },
+                mStream);
+    }
 
   private:
     std::variant<std::weak_ptr<StreamIn>, std::weak_ptr<StreamOut>> mStream;
@@ -93,6 +255,11 @@
         mStreams.insert(std::pair{portConfigId, sw});
         mStreams.insert(std::pair{portId, sw});
     }
+    void setStreamIsConnected(int32_t portConfigId, bool connected) {
+        if (auto it = mStreams.find(portConfigId); it != mStreams.end()) {
+            it->second.setStreamIsConnected(connected);
+        }
+    }
 
   private:
     // Maps port ids and port config ids to streams. Multimap because a port
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7670250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/effectFactory-impl/EffectFactory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/BnFactory.h>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
+
+class Factory : public BnFactory {
+  public:
+    Factory();
+    /**
+     * @brief Get identity of all effects supported by the device, with the optional filter by type
+     * and/or by instance UUID.
+     *
+     * @param in_type Type UUID.
+     * @param in_instance Instance UUID.
+     * @param out_descriptor List of identities .
+     * @return ndk::ScopedAStatus
+     */
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus queryEffects(
+            const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid>& in_type,
+            const std::optional<::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid>& in_instance,
+            std::vector<Descriptor::Identity>* out_descriptor) override;
+
+  private:
+    // List of effect descriptors supported by the devices.
+    std::vector<Descriptor::Identity> mIdentityList;
+};
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/equalizer-impl/Equalizer.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/equalizer-impl/Equalizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86f8c3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/equalizer-impl/Equalizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
+
+// Equalizer implementation UUID.
+static const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid EqualizerUUID = {
+        static_cast<int32_t>(0xce772f20),
+        0x847d,
+        0x11df,
+        0xbb17,
+        {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/visualizer-impl/Visualizer.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/visualizer-impl/Visualizer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b82dd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/visualizer-impl/Visualizer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect {
+
+// Visualizer implementation UUID.
+static const ::aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid VisualizerUUID = {
+        static_cast<int32_t>(0x1d4033c0),
+        0x8557,
+        0x11df,
+        0x9f2d,
+        {0x00, 0x02, 0xa5, 0xd5, 0xc5, 0x1b}};
+
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
index aeb9983..15874a0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <ctime>
+
 #include "core-impl/Config.h"
 #include "core-impl/Module.h"
 
@@ -25,6 +28,9 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::Module;
 
 int main() {
+    // Random values are used in the implementation.
+    std::srand(std::time(nullptr));
+
     // This is a debug implementation, always enable debug logging.
     android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(::android::base::DEBUG);
     ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(16);
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index cd5915b..48aa273 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -13,17 +13,56 @@
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
         "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
     ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libfmq",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.audio.common-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.audio.core-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "android.media.audio.common.types-V1-ndk",
+        "libaudioaidlcommon",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "ModuleConfig.cpp",
         "VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp",
     ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbinder_ndk",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.audio.common-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.audio.core-V1-ndk",
         "android.media.audio.common.types-V1-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.audio.effect-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
     ],
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/AudioHalBinderServiceUtil.h b/audio/aidl/vts/AudioHalBinderServiceUtil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e928286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/AudioHalBinderServiceUtil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+class AudioHalBinderServiceUtil {
+  public:
+    ndk::SpAIBinder connectToService(const std::string& serviceName) {
+        mServiceName = serviceName;
+        mBinder = ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_getService(serviceName.c_str()));
+        if (mBinder == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get service " << serviceName;
+        } else {
+            LOG(DEBUG) << "succeed to get service " << serviceName;
+        }
+        return mBinder;
+    }
+
+    ndk::SpAIBinder restartService(
+            std::chrono::milliseconds timeoutMs = std::chrono::milliseconds(3000)) {
+        mDeathHandler.reset(new AidlDeathRecipient(mBinder));
+        if (STATUS_OK != mDeathHandler->linkToDeath()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "linkToDeath failed";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (!android::base::SetProperty("sys.audio.restart.hal", "1")) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "SetProperty failed";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (!mDeathHandler->waitForFired(timeoutMs)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Timeout wait for death";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        mDeathHandler.reset();
+        return connectToService(mServiceName);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    class AidlDeathRecipient {
+      public:
+        explicit AidlDeathRecipient(const ndk::SpAIBinder& binder)
+            : binder(binder), recipient(AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(&binderDiedCallbackAidl)) {}
+
+        binder_status_t linkToDeath() {
+            return AIBinder_linkToDeath(binder.get(), recipient.get(), this);
+        }
+
+        bool waitForFired(std::chrono::milliseconds timeoutMs) {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            condition.wait_for(lock, timeoutMs, [this]() { return fired; });
+            return fired;
+        }
+
+      private:
+        const ndk::SpAIBinder binder;
+        const ndk::ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient recipient;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        std::condition_variable condition;
+        bool fired = false;
+
+        void binderDied() {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            fired = true;
+            condition.notify_one();
+        };
+
+        static void binderDiedCallbackAidl(void* cookie) {
+            AidlDeathRecipient* self = static_cast<AidlDeathRecipient*>(cookie);
+            self->binderDied();
+        }
+    };
+
+    std::string mServiceName;
+    ndk::SpAIBinder mBinder;
+    std::unique_ptr<AidlDeathRecipient> mDeathHandler;
+};
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp
index 969b0e9..e36ab4a 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.cpp
@@ -123,6 +123,15 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+std::vector<AudioPort> ModuleConfig::getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
+        bool isInput, const AudioPortConfig& mixPortConfig) const {
+    const auto mixPortIt = findById<AudioPort>(mPorts, mixPortConfig.portId);
+    if (mixPortIt != mPorts.end()) {
+        return getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(isInput, *mixPortIt);
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
 std::vector<AudioPort> ModuleConfig::getAttachedSinkDevicesPortsForMixPort(
         const AudioPort& mixPort) const {
     std::vector<AudioPort> result;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h
index df13430..552f971 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/ModuleConfig.h
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
         return isInput ? getAttachedSourceDevicesPortsForMixPort(mixPort)
                        : getAttachedSinkDevicesPortsForMixPort(mixPort);
     }
+    std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort> getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
+            bool isInput,
+            const aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortConfig& mixPortConfig) const;
     std::vector<aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort>
     getAttachedSinkDevicesPortsForMixPort(
             const aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort& mixPort) const;
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp
index bb24365..ab70ec4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.cpp
@@ -15,26 +15,27 @@
  */
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <condition_variable>
+#include <limits>
 #include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
 #include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #define LOG_TAG "VtsHalAudioCore"
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
+#include <StreamWorker.h>
 #include <aidl/Gtest.h>
 #include <aidl/Vintf.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IConfig.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/core/IModule.h>
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioIoFlags.h>
 #include <aidl/android/media/audio/common/AudioOutputFlags.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
-#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <fmq/AidlMessageQueue.h>
 
+#include "AudioHalBinderServiceUtil.h"
 #include "ModuleConfig.h"
 
 using namespace android;
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IStreamIn;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IStreamOut;
 using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::ModuleDebug;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::StreamDescriptor;
+using aidl::android::hardware::common::fmq::SynchronizedReadWrite;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioContentType;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDevice;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioDeviceAddress;
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPortExt;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioSource;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUsage;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::StreamLogic;
+using android::hardware::audio::common::StreamWorker;
 using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
 
 namespace ndk {
@@ -92,38 +97,6 @@
     return AudioDeviceAddress::make<AudioDeviceAddress::Tag::id>(std::to_string(++nextId));
 }
 
-struct AidlDeathRecipient {
-    const ndk::SpAIBinder binder;
-    const ndk::ScopedAIBinder_DeathRecipient recipient;
-    std::mutex mutex;
-    std::condition_variable condition;
-    bool fired = false;
-
-    explicit AidlDeathRecipient(const ndk::SpAIBinder& binder)
-        : binder(binder), recipient(AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(&binderDiedCallbackAidl)) {}
-
-    binder_status_t linkToDeath() {
-        return AIBinder_linkToDeath(binder.get(), recipient.get(), this);
-    }
-
-    void binderDied() {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
-        fired = true;
-        condition.notify_one();
-    };
-
-    bool waitForFired(int timeoutMs) {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
-        condition.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::milliseconds(timeoutMs), [this]() { return fired; });
-        return fired;
-    }
-
-    static void binderDiedCallbackAidl(void* cookie) {
-        AidlDeathRecipient* self = static_cast<AidlDeathRecipient*>(cookie);
-        self->binderDied();
-    }
-};
-
 template <typename T>
 struct IsInput {
     constexpr operator bool() const;
@@ -225,6 +198,9 @@
 
 class AudioCoreModule : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   public:
+    // The default buffer size is used mostly for negative tests.
+    static constexpr int kDefaultBufferSizeFrames = 256;
+
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ConnectToService());
         debug.flags().simulateDeviceConnections = true;
@@ -240,20 +216,15 @@
     }
 
     void ConnectToService() {
-        module = IModule::fromBinder(
-                ndk::SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_getService(GetParam().c_str())));
+        module = IModule::fromBinder(binderUtil.connectToService(GetParam()));
         ASSERT_NE(module, nullptr);
     }
 
     void RestartService() {
         ASSERT_NE(module, nullptr);
         moduleConfig.reset();
-        deathHandler.reset(new AidlDeathRecipient(module->asBinder()));
-        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, deathHandler->linkToDeath());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(base::SetProperty("sys.audio.restart.hal", "1"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(deathHandler->waitForFired(3000));
-        deathHandler.reset();
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ConnectToService());
+        module = IModule::fromBinder(binderUtil.restartService());
+        ASSERT_NE(module, nullptr);
     }
 
     void ApplyEveryConfig(const std::vector<AudioPortConfig>& configs) {
@@ -324,8 +295,8 @@
     }
 
     std::shared_ptr<IModule> module;
-    std::unique_ptr<AidlDeathRecipient> deathHandler;
     std::unique_ptr<ModuleConfig> moduleConfig;
+    AudioHalBinderServiceUtil binderUtil;
     WithDebugFlags debug;
 };
 
@@ -367,6 +338,214 @@
     AudioPort mConnectedPort;
 };
 
+class StreamContext {
+  public:
+    typedef AidlMessageQueue<StreamDescriptor::Command, SynchronizedReadWrite> CommandMQ;
+    typedef AidlMessageQueue<StreamDescriptor::Reply, SynchronizedReadWrite> ReplyMQ;
+    typedef AidlMessageQueue<int8_t, SynchronizedReadWrite> DataMQ;
+
+    explicit StreamContext(const StreamDescriptor& descriptor)
+        : mFrameSizeBytes(descriptor.frameSizeBytes),
+          mCommandMQ(new CommandMQ(descriptor.command)),
+          mReplyMQ(new ReplyMQ(descriptor.reply)),
+          mBufferSizeFrames(descriptor.bufferSizeFrames),
+          mDataMQ(maybeCreateDataMQ(descriptor)) {}
+    void checkIsValid() const {
+        EXPECT_NE(0UL, mFrameSizeBytes);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mCommandMQ);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mCommandMQ->isValid());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mReplyMQ);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReplyMQ->isValid());
+        if (mDataMQ != nullptr) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mDataMQ->isValid());
+            EXPECT_GE(mDataMQ->getQuantumCount() * mDataMQ->getQuantumSize(),
+                      mFrameSizeBytes * mBufferSizeFrames)
+                    << "Data MQ actual buffer size is "
+                       "less than the buffer size as specified by the descriptor";
+        }
+    }
+    size_t getBufferSizeBytes() const { return mFrameSizeBytes * mBufferSizeFrames; }
+    size_t getBufferSizeFrames() const { return mBufferSizeFrames; }
+    CommandMQ* getCommandMQ() const { return mCommandMQ.get(); }
+    DataMQ* getDataMQ() const { return mDataMQ.get(); }
+    ReplyMQ* getReplyMQ() const { return mReplyMQ.get(); }
+
+  private:
+    static std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> maybeCreateDataMQ(const StreamDescriptor& descriptor) {
+        using Tag = StreamDescriptor::AudioBuffer::Tag;
+        if (descriptor.audio.getTag() == Tag::fmq) {
+            return std::make_unique<DataMQ>(descriptor.audio.get<Tag::fmq>());
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const size_t mFrameSizeBytes;
+    std::unique_ptr<CommandMQ> mCommandMQ;
+    std::unique_ptr<ReplyMQ> mReplyMQ;
+    const size_t mBufferSizeFrames;
+    std::unique_ptr<DataMQ> mDataMQ;
+};
+
+class StreamCommonLogic : public StreamLogic {
+  public:
+    StreamDescriptor::Position getLastObservablePosition() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+        return mLastReply.observable;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    explicit StreamCommonLogic(const StreamContext& context)
+        : mCommandMQ(context.getCommandMQ()),
+          mReplyMQ(context.getReplyMQ()),
+          mDataMQ(context.getDataMQ()),
+          mData(context.getBufferSizeBytes()) {}
+    StreamContext::CommandMQ* getCommandMQ() const { return mCommandMQ; }
+    StreamContext::ReplyMQ* getReplyMQ() const { return mReplyMQ; }
+
+    std::string init() override { return ""; }
+
+    StreamContext::CommandMQ* mCommandMQ;
+    StreamContext::ReplyMQ* mReplyMQ;
+    StreamContext::DataMQ* mDataMQ;
+    std::vector<int8_t> mData;
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    StreamDescriptor::Reply mLastReply GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
+class StreamReaderLogic : public StreamCommonLogic {
+  public:
+    explicit StreamReaderLogic(const StreamContext& context) : StreamCommonLogic(context) {}
+
+  protected:
+    Status cycle() override {
+        StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
+        command.code = StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST;
+        command.fmqByteCount = mData.size();
+        if (!mCommandMQ->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of command into MQ failed";
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
+        if (!mReplyMQ->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of reply from MQ failed";
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        if (reply.status != STATUS_OK) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": received error status: " << statusToString(reply.status);
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        if (reply.fmqByteCount < 0 || reply.fmqByteCount > command.fmqByteCount) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                       << ": received invalid byte count in the reply: " << reply.fmqByteCount;
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+            mLastReply = reply;
+        }
+        const size_t readCount = std::min({mDataMQ->availableToRead(),
+                                           static_cast<size_t>(reply.fmqByteCount), mData.size()});
+        if (readCount == 0 || mDataMQ->read(mData.data(), readCount)) {
+            return Status::CONTINUE;
+        }
+        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of " << readCount << " data bytes from MQ failed";
+        return Status::ABORT;
+    }
+};
+using StreamReader = StreamWorker<StreamReaderLogic>;
+
+class StreamWriterLogic : public StreamCommonLogic {
+  public:
+    explicit StreamWriterLogic(const StreamContext& context) : StreamCommonLogic(context) {}
+
+  protected:
+    Status cycle() override {
+        if (!mDataMQ->write(mData.data(), mData.size())) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of " << mData.size() << " bytes to MQ failed";
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        StreamDescriptor::Command command{};
+        command.code = StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST;
+        command.fmqByteCount = mData.size();
+        if (!mCommandMQ->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of command into MQ failed";
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
+        if (!mReplyMQ->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of reply from MQ failed";
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        if (reply.status != STATUS_OK) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": received error status: " << statusToString(reply.status);
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        if (reply.fmqByteCount < 0 || reply.fmqByteCount > command.fmqByteCount) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << __func__
+                       << ": received invalid byte count in the reply: " << reply.fmqByteCount;
+            return Status::ABORT;
+        }
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+            mLastReply = reply;
+        }
+        return Status::CONTINUE;
+    }
+};
+using StreamWriter = StreamWorker<StreamWriterLogic>;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IOTraits {
+    static constexpr bool is_input = std::is_same_v<T, IStreamIn>;
+    using Worker = std::conditional_t<is_input, StreamReader, StreamWriter>;
+};
+
+// A dedicated version to test replies to invalid commands.
+class StreamInvalidCommandLogic : public StreamCommonLogic {
+  public:
+    StreamInvalidCommandLogic(const StreamContext& context,
+                              const std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command>& commands)
+        : StreamCommonLogic(context), mCommands(commands) {}
+
+    std::vector<std::string> getUnexpectedStatuses() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+        return mUnexpectedStatuses;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    Status cycle() override {
+        // Send all commands in one cycle to simplify testing.
+        // Extra logging helps to sort out issues with unexpected HAL behavior.
+        for (const auto& command : mCommands) {
+            LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": writing command " << command.toString() << " into MQ...";
+            if (!getCommandMQ()->writeBlocking(&command, 1)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": writing of command into MQ failed";
+                return Status::ABORT;
+            }
+            StreamDescriptor::Reply reply{};
+            LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": reading reply for command " << command.toString() << "...";
+            if (!getReplyMQ()->readBlocking(&reply, 1)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": reading of reply from MQ failed";
+                return Status::ABORT;
+            }
+            LOG(INFO) << __func__ << ": received status " << statusToString(reply.status)
+                      << " for command " << command.toString();
+            if (reply.status != STATUS_BAD_VALUE) {
+                std::string s = command.toString();
+                s.append(", ").append(statusToString(reply.status));
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mLock);
+                mUnexpectedStatuses.push_back(std::move(s));
+            }
+        };
+        return Status::EXIT;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    const std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command> mCommands;
+    std::mutex mLock;
+    std::vector<std::string> mUnexpectedStatuses GUARDED_BY(mLock);
+};
+
 template <typename Stream>
 class WithStream {
   public:
@@ -376,24 +555,31 @@
     WithStream& operator=(const WithStream&) = delete;
     ~WithStream() {
         if (mStream != nullptr) {
+            mContext.reset();
             ScopedAStatus status = mStream->close();
             EXPECT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode())
                     << status << "; port config id " << getPortId();
         }
     }
     void SetUpPortConfig(IModule* module) { ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mPortConfig.SetUp(module)); }
-    ScopedAStatus SetUpNoChecks(IModule* module) {
-        return SetUpNoChecks(module, mPortConfig.get());
+    ScopedAStatus SetUpNoChecks(IModule* module, long bufferSizeFrames) {
+        return SetUpNoChecks(module, mPortConfig.get(), bufferSizeFrames);
     }
-    ScopedAStatus SetUpNoChecks(IModule* module, const AudioPortConfig& portConfig);
-    void SetUp(IModule* module) {
+    ScopedAStatus SetUpNoChecks(IModule* module, const AudioPortConfig& portConfig,
+                                long bufferSizeFrames);
+    void SetUp(IModule* module, long bufferSizeFrames) {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetUpPortConfig(module));
-        ScopedAStatus status = SetUpNoChecks(module);
+        ScopedAStatus status = SetUpNoChecks(module, bufferSizeFrames);
         ASSERT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode())
                 << status << "; port config id " << getPortId();
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mStream) << "; port config id " << getPortId();
+        EXPECT_GE(mDescriptor.bufferSizeFrames, bufferSizeFrames)
+                << "actual buffer size must be no less than requested";
+        mContext.emplace(mDescriptor);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mContext.value().checkIsValid());
     }
     Stream* get() const { return mStream.get(); }
+    const StreamContext* getContext() const { return mContext ? &(mContext.value()) : nullptr; }
     std::shared_ptr<Stream> getSharedPointer() const { return mStream; }
     const AudioPortConfig& getPortConfig() const { return mPortConfig.get(); }
     int32_t getPortId() const { return mPortConfig.getId(); }
@@ -401,6 +587,8 @@
   private:
     WithAudioPortConfig mPortConfig;
     std::shared_ptr<Stream> mStream;
+    StreamDescriptor mDescriptor;
+    std::optional<StreamContext> mContext;
 };
 
 SinkMetadata GenerateSinkMetadata(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
@@ -415,8 +603,19 @@
 
 template <>
 ScopedAStatus WithStream<IStreamIn>::SetUpNoChecks(IModule* module,
-                                                   const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
-    return module->openInputStream(portConfig.id, GenerateSinkMetadata(portConfig), &mStream);
+                                                   const AudioPortConfig& portConfig,
+                                                   long bufferSizeFrames) {
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamArguments args;
+    args.portConfigId = portConfig.id;
+    args.sinkMetadata = GenerateSinkMetadata(portConfig);
+    args.bufferSizeFrames = bufferSizeFrames;
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamReturn ret;
+    ScopedAStatus status = module->openInputStream(args, &ret);
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        mStream = std::move(ret.stream);
+        mDescriptor = std::move(ret.desc);
+    }
+    return status;
 }
 
 SourceMetadata GenerateSourceMetadata(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
@@ -432,10 +631,20 @@
 
 template <>
 ScopedAStatus WithStream<IStreamOut>::SetUpNoChecks(IModule* module,
-                                                    const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
-    return module->openOutputStream(portConfig.id, GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig),
-                                    ModuleConfig::generateOffloadInfoIfNeeded(portConfig),
-                                    &mStream);
+                                                    const AudioPortConfig& portConfig,
+                                                    long bufferSizeFrames) {
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamArguments args;
+    args.portConfigId = portConfig.id;
+    args.sourceMetadata = GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig);
+    args.offloadInfo = ModuleConfig::generateOffloadInfoIfNeeded(portConfig);
+    args.bufferSizeFrames = bufferSizeFrames;
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn ret;
+    ScopedAStatus status = module->openOutputStream(args, &ret);
+    if (status.isOk()) {
+        mStream = std::move(ret.stream);
+        mDescriptor = std::move(ret.desc);
+    }
+    return status;
 }
 
 class WithAudioPatch {
@@ -443,6 +652,10 @@
     WithAudioPatch() {}
     WithAudioPatch(const AudioPortConfig& srcPortConfig, const AudioPortConfig& sinkPortConfig)
         : mSrcPortConfig(srcPortConfig), mSinkPortConfig(sinkPortConfig) {}
+    WithAudioPatch(bool sinkIsCfg1, const AudioPortConfig& portConfig1,
+                   const AudioPortConfig& portConfig2)
+        : mSrcPortConfig(sinkIsCfg1 ? portConfig2 : portConfig1),
+          mSinkPortConfig(sinkIsCfg1 ? portConfig1 : portConfig2) {}
     WithAudioPatch(const WithAudioPatch&) = delete;
     WithAudioPatch& operator=(const WithAudioPatch&) = delete;
     ~WithAudioPatch() {
@@ -467,9 +680,18 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode())
                 << status << "; source port config id " << mSrcPortConfig.getId()
                 << "; sink port config id " << mSinkPortConfig.getId();
+        EXPECT_GT(mPatch.minimumStreamBufferSizeFrames, 0) << "patch id " << getId();
+        for (auto latencyMs : mPatch.latenciesMs) {
+            EXPECT_GT(latencyMs, 0) << "patch id " << getId();
+        }
     }
     int32_t getId() const { return mPatch.id; }
     const AudioPatch& get() const { return mPatch; }
+    const AudioPortConfig& getSinkPortConfig() const { return mSinkPortConfig.get(); }
+    const AudioPortConfig& getSrcPortConfig() const { return mSrcPortConfig.get(); }
+    const AudioPortConfig& getPortConfig(bool getSink) const {
+        return getSink ? getSinkPortConfig() : getSrcPortConfig();
+    }
 
   private:
     WithAudioPortConfig mSrcPortConfig;
@@ -535,7 +757,7 @@
     }
     for (const auto& route : routes) {
         std::set<int32_t> sources(route.sourcePortIds.begin(), route.sourcePortIds.end());
-        EXPECT_NE(0, sources.size())
+        EXPECT_NE(0UL, sources.size())
                 << "empty audio port sinks in the audio route: " << route.toString();
         EXPECT_EQ(sources.size(), route.sourcePortIds.size())
                 << "IDs of audio port sinks are not unique in the audio route: "
@@ -552,10 +774,10 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode()) << status;
     }
     for (const auto& route : routes) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(1, portIds.count(route.sinkPortId))
+        EXPECT_EQ(1UL, portIds.count(route.sinkPortId))
                 << route.sinkPortId << " sink port id is unknown";
         for (const auto& source : route.sourcePortIds) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(1, portIds.count(source)) << source << " source port id is unknown";
+            EXPECT_EQ(1UL, portIds.count(source)) << source << " source port id is unknown";
         }
     }
 }
@@ -617,7 +839,7 @@
                         << "At least two output device ports are declared as default: "
                         << defaultOutput.value() << " and " << port.id;
                 defaultOutput = port.id;
-                EXPECT_EQ(0, outputs.count(devicePort.device))
+                EXPECT_EQ(0UL, outputs.count(devicePort.device))
                         << "Non-unique output device: " << devicePort.device.toString();
                 outputs.insert(devicePort.device);
             } else if (port.flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::input) {
@@ -625,7 +847,7 @@
                         << "At least two input device ports are declared as default: "
                         << defaultInput.value() << " and " << port.id;
                 defaultInput = port.id;
-                EXPECT_EQ(0, inputs.count(devicePort.device))
+                EXPECT_EQ(0UL, inputs.count(devicePort.device))
                         << "Non-unique input device: " << devicePort.device.toString();
                 inputs.insert(devicePort.device);
             } else {
@@ -712,7 +934,7 @@
                 << status << " returned for getAudioPort port ID " << connectedPortId;
         EXPECT_EQ(portConnected.get(), connectedPort);
         const auto& portProfiles = connectedPort.profiles;
-        EXPECT_NE(0, portProfiles.size())
+        EXPECT_NE(0UL, portProfiles.size())
                 << "Connected port has no profiles: " << connectedPort.toString();
         const auto dynamicProfileIt =
                 std::find_if(portProfiles.begin(), portProfiles.end(), [](const auto& profile) {
@@ -739,18 +961,24 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GetAllPortConfigIds(&portConfigIds));
     for (const auto portConfigId : GetNonExistentIds(portConfigIds)) {
         {
-            std::shared_ptr<IStreamIn> stream;
-            ScopedAStatus status = module->openInputStream(portConfigId, {}, &stream);
+            aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamArguments args;
+            args.portConfigId = portConfigId;
+            args.bufferSizeFrames = kDefaultBufferSizeFrames;
+            aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenInputStreamReturn ret;
+            ScopedAStatus status = module->openInputStream(args, &ret);
             EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.getExceptionCode())
                     << status << " openInputStream returned for port config ID " << portConfigId;
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, stream);
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, ret.stream);
         }
         {
-            std::shared_ptr<IStreamOut> stream;
-            ScopedAStatus status = module->openOutputStream(portConfigId, {}, {}, &stream);
+            aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamArguments args;
+            args.portConfigId = portConfigId;
+            args.bufferSizeFrames = kDefaultBufferSizeFrames;
+            aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn ret;
+            ScopedAStatus status = module->openOutputStream(args, &ret);
             EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.getExceptionCode())
                     << status << " openOutputStream returned for port config ID " << portConfigId;
-            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, stream);
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, ret.stream);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -769,7 +997,7 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode()) << status;
     }
     for (const auto& config : portConfigs) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(1, portIds.count(config.portId))
+        EXPECT_EQ(1UL, portIds.count(config.portId))
                 << config.portId << " port id is unknown, config id " << config.id;
     }
 }
@@ -1113,14 +1341,14 @@
     }
 
     void CloseTwice() {
-        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IsInput<Stream>());
+        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
         if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
             GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
         }
         std::shared_ptr<Stream> heldStream;
         {
             WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig.value());
-            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get()));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
             heldStream = stream.getSharedPointer();
         }
         ScopedAStatus status = heldStream->close();
@@ -1129,15 +1357,50 @@
     }
 
     void OpenAllConfigs() {
-        const auto allPortConfigs = moduleConfig->getPortConfigsForMixPorts(IsInput<Stream>());
+        const auto allPortConfigs =
+                moduleConfig->getPortConfigsForMixPorts(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
         for (const auto& portConfig : allPortConfigs) {
             WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig);
-            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get()));
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
         }
     }
 
+    void OpenInvalidBufferSize() {
+        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
+        if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
+        }
+        WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig.value());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUpPortConfig(module.get()));
+        // The buffer size of 1 frame should be impractically small, and thus
+        // less than any minimum buffer size suggested by any HAL.
+        for (long bufferSize : std::array<long, 4>{-1, 0, 1, std::numeric_limits<long>::max()}) {
+            ScopedAStatus status = stream.SetUpNoChecks(module.get(), bufferSize);
+            EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.getExceptionCode())
+                    << status << " open" << direction(true) << "Stream returned for " << bufferSize
+                    << " buffer size";
+            EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, stream.get());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void OpenInvalidDirection() {
+        // Important! The direction of the port config must be reversed.
+        const auto portConfig =
+                moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(!IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
+        if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
+        }
+        WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig.value());
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUpPortConfig(module.get()));
+        ScopedAStatus status = stream.SetUpNoChecks(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames);
+        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.getExceptionCode())
+                << status << " open" << direction(true) << "Stream returned for port config ID "
+                << stream.getPortId();
+        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, stream.get());
+    }
+
     void OpenOverMaxCount() {
-        constexpr bool isInput = IsInput<Stream>();
+        constexpr bool isInput = IOTraits<Stream>::is_input;
         auto ports = moduleConfig->getMixPorts(isInput);
         bool hasSingleRun = false;
         for (const auto& port : ports) {
@@ -1158,10 +1421,11 @@
                 streamWraps[i].emplace(portConfigs[i]);
                 WithStream<Stream>& stream = streamWraps[i].value();
                 if (i < maxStreamCount) {
-                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get()));
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
                 } else {
                     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUpPortConfig(module.get()));
-                    ScopedAStatus status = stream.SetUpNoChecks(module.get());
+                    ScopedAStatus status =
+                            stream.SetUpNoChecks(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames);
                     EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, status.getExceptionCode())
                             << status << " open" << direction(true)
                             << "Stream returned for port config ID " << stream.getPortId()
@@ -1175,50 +1439,146 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void OpenInvalidDirection() {
-        // Important! The direction of the port config must be reversed.
-        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(!IsInput<Stream>());
-        if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
-            GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
-        }
-        WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig.value());
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUpPortConfig(module.get()));
-        ScopedAStatus status = stream.SetUpNoChecks(module.get());
-        EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.getExceptionCode())
-                << status << " open" << direction(true) << "Stream returned for port config ID "
-                << stream.getPortId();
-        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, stream.get());
-    }
-
     void OpenTwiceSamePortConfig() {
-        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IsInput<Stream>());
+        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
         if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
             GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
         }
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(OpenTwiceSamePortConfigImpl(portConfig.value()));
     }
 
+    void ReadOrWrite(bool useImpl2, bool testObservablePosition) {
+        const auto allPortConfigs =
+                moduleConfig->getPortConfigsForMixPorts(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
+        if (allPortConfigs.empty()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix ports have attached devices";
+        }
+        for (const auto& portConfig : allPortConfigs) {
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadOrWriteImpl(portConfig, useImpl2, testObservablePosition))
+                    << portConfig.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
     void ResetPortConfigWithOpenStream() {
-        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IsInput<Stream>());
+        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
         if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
             GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
         }
         WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig.value());
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get()));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
         ScopedAStatus status = module->resetAudioPortConfig(stream.getPortId());
         EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, status.getExceptionCode())
                 << status << " returned for port config ID " << stream.getPortId();
     }
 
+    void SendInvalidCommand() {
+        const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input);
+        if (!portConfig.has_value()) {
+            GTEST_SKIP() << "No mix port for attached devices";
+        }
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SendInvalidCommandImpl(portConfig.value()));
+    }
+
     void OpenTwiceSamePortConfigImpl(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
         WithStream<Stream> stream1(portConfig);
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream1.SetUp(module.get()));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream1.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
         WithStream<Stream> stream2;
-        ScopedAStatus status = stream2.SetUpNoChecks(module.get(), stream1.getPortConfig());
+        ScopedAStatus status = stream2.SetUpNoChecks(module.get(), stream1.getPortConfig(),
+                                                     kDefaultBufferSizeFrames);
         EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE, status.getExceptionCode())
                 << status << " when opening " << direction(false)
                 << " stream twice for the same port config ID " << stream1.getPortId();
     }
+
+    template <class Worker>
+    void WaitForObservablePositionAdvance(Worker& worker) {
+        static constexpr int kWriteDurationUs = 50 * 1000;
+        static constexpr std::chrono::milliseconds kPositionChangeTimeout{10000};
+        int64_t framesInitial;
+        framesInitial = worker.getLastObservablePosition().frames;
+        ASSERT_FALSE(worker.hasError());
+        bool timedOut = false;
+        int64_t frames = framesInitial;
+        for (android::base::Timer elapsed;
+             frames <= framesInitial && !worker.hasError() &&
+             !(timedOut = (elapsed.duration() >= kPositionChangeTimeout));) {
+            usleep(kWriteDurationUs);
+            frames = worker.getLastObservablePosition().frames;
+        }
+        EXPECT_FALSE(timedOut);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(worker.hasError()) << worker.getError();
+        EXPECT_GT(frames, framesInitial);
+    }
+
+    void ReadOrWriteImpl(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig, bool useImpl2,
+                         bool testObservablePosition) {
+        if (!useImpl2) {
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadOrWriteImpl1(portConfig, testObservablePosition));
+        } else {
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadOrWriteImpl2(portConfig, testObservablePosition));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Set up a patch first, then open a stream.
+    void ReadOrWriteImpl1(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig, bool testObservablePosition) {
+        auto devicePorts = moduleConfig->getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
+                IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, portConfig);
+        ASSERT_FALSE(devicePorts.empty());
+        auto devicePortConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForDevicePort(devicePorts[0]);
+        WithAudioPatch patch(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, portConfig, devicePortConfig);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(patch.SetUp(module.get()));
+
+        WithStream<Stream> stream(patch.getPortConfig(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
+        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+        if (testObservablePosition) {
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForObservablePositionAdvance(worker));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Open a stream, then set up a patch for it.
+    void ReadOrWriteImpl2(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig, bool testObservablePosition) {
+        WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
+        typename IOTraits<Stream>::Worker worker(*stream.getContext());
+
+        auto devicePorts = moduleConfig->getAttachedDevicesPortsForMixPort(
+                IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, portConfig);
+        ASSERT_FALSE(devicePorts.empty());
+        auto devicePortConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForDevicePort(devicePorts[0]);
+        WithAudioPatch patch(IOTraits<Stream>::is_input, stream.getPortConfig(), devicePortConfig);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(patch.SetUp(module.get()));
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(worker.start());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(worker.waitForAtLeastOneCycle());
+        if (testObservablePosition) {
+            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(WaitForObservablePositionAdvance(worker));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SendInvalidCommandImpl(const AudioPortConfig& portConfig) {
+        std::vector<StreamDescriptor::Command> commands(6);
+        commands[0].code = -1;
+        commands[1].code = StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST - 1;
+        commands[2].code = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min();
+        commands[3].code = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max();
+        commands[4].code = StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST;
+        commands[4].fmqByteCount = -1;
+        commands[5].code = StreamDescriptor::COMMAND_BURST;
+        commands[5].fmqByteCount = std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::min();
+        WithStream<Stream> stream(portConfig);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(stream.SetUp(module.get(), kDefaultBufferSizeFrames));
+        StreamWorker<StreamInvalidCommandLogic> writer(*stream.getContext(), commands);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(writer.start());
+        writer.waitForAtLeastOneCycle();
+        auto unexpectedStatuses = writer.getUnexpectedStatuses();
+        EXPECT_EQ(0UL, unexpectedStatuses.size())
+                << "Pairs of (command, actual status): "
+                << android::internal::ToString(unexpectedStatuses);
+    }
 };
 using AudioStreamIn = AudioStream<IStreamIn>;
 using AudioStreamOut = AudioStream<IStreamOut>;
@@ -1235,13 +1595,26 @@
 #define TEST_IO_STREAM(method_name)                                                \
     TEST_P(AudioStreamIn, method_name) { ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(method_name()); } \
     TEST_P(AudioStreamOut, method_name) { ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(method_name()); }
+#define TEST_IO_STREAM_2(method_name, arg1, arg2)           \
+    TEST_P(AudioStreamIn, method_name##_##arg1##_##arg2) {  \
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(method_name(arg1, arg2));   \
+    }                                                       \
+    TEST_P(AudioStreamOut, method_name##_##arg1##_##arg2) { \
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(method_name(arg1, arg2));   \
+    }
 
 TEST_IO_STREAM(CloseTwice);
 TEST_IO_STREAM(OpenAllConfigs);
+TEST_IO_STREAM(OpenInvalidBufferSize);
 TEST_IO_STREAM(OpenInvalidDirection);
 TEST_IO_STREAM(OpenOverMaxCount);
 TEST_IO_STREAM(OpenTwiceSamePortConfig);
+TEST_IO_STREAM_2(ReadOrWrite, false, false);
+TEST_IO_STREAM_2(ReadOrWrite, true, false);
+TEST_IO_STREAM_2(ReadOrWrite, false, true);
+TEST_IO_STREAM_2(ReadOrWrite, true, true);
 TEST_IO_STREAM(ResetPortConfigWithOpenStream);
+TEST_IO_STREAM(SendInvalidCommand);
 
 TEST_P(AudioStreamOut, OpenTwicePrimary) {
     const auto mixPorts = moduleConfig->getMixPorts(false);
@@ -1277,10 +1650,14 @@
     const auto portConfig = moduleConfig->getSingleConfigForMixPort(false, *offloadPortIt);
     ASSERT_TRUE(portConfig.has_value())
             << "No profiles specified for the compressed offload mix port";
+    StreamDescriptor descriptor;
     std::shared_ptr<IStreamOut> ignored;
-    ScopedAStatus status = module->openOutputStream(portConfig.value().id,
-                                                    GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig.value()),
-                                                    {} /* offloadInfo */, &ignored);
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamArguments args;
+    args.portConfigId = portConfig.value().id;
+    args.sourceMetadata = GenerateSourceMetadata(portConfig.value());
+    args.bufferSizeFrames = kDefaultBufferSizeFrames;
+    aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::IModule::OpenOutputStreamReturn ret;
+    ScopedAStatus status = module->openOutputStream(args, &ret);
     EXPECT_EQ(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, status.getExceptionCode())
             << status
             << " returned when no offload info is provided for a compressed offload mix port";
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f70948c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <string>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "VtsHalAudioEffect"
+
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android/binder_interface_utils.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/IFactory.h>
+
+#include "AudioHalBinderServiceUtil.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+
+using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::Descriptor;
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect::IFactory;
+using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioUuid;
+
+namespace ndk {
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& str, const ScopedAStatus& status) {
+    str << status.getDescription();
+    return str;
+}
+}  // namespace ndk
+
+class EffectFactory : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override { ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ConnectToService()); }
+
+    void TearDown() override {}
+
+    void ConnectToService() {
+        serviceName = GetParam();
+        factory = IFactory::fromBinder(binderUtil.connectToService(serviceName));
+        ASSERT_NE(factory, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void RestartService() {
+        ASSERT_NE(factory, nullptr);
+        factory = IFactory::fromBinder(binderUtil.restartService());
+        ASSERT_NE(factory, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<IFactory> factory;
+    std::string serviceName;
+    AudioHalBinderServiceUtil binderUtil;
+    // TODO: these UUID can get from config file
+    // ec7178ec-e5e1-4432-a3f4-4657e6795210
+    const AudioUuid nullUuid = {static_cast<int32_t>(0xec7178ec),
+                                0xe5e1,
+                                0x4432,
+                                0xa3f4,
+                                {0x46, 0x57, 0xe6, 0x79, 0x52, 0x10}};
+    const AudioUuid zeroUuid = {
+            static_cast<int32_t>(0x0), 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, {0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0}};
+};
+
+TEST_P(EffectFactory, SetupAndTearDown) {
+    // Intentionally empty test body.
+}
+
+TEST_P(EffectFactory, CanBeRestarted) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(RestartService());
+}
+
+TEST_P(EffectFactory, QueriedDescriptorList) {
+    std::vector<Descriptor::Identity> descriptors;
+    ScopedAStatus status = factory->queryEffects(std::nullopt, std::nullopt, &descriptors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_NE(static_cast<int>(descriptors.size()), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(EffectFactory, DescriptorUUIDNotNull) {
+    std::vector<Descriptor::Identity> descriptors;
+    ScopedAStatus status = factory->queryEffects(std::nullopt, std::nullopt, &descriptors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode());
+    // TODO: Factory eventually need to return the full list of MUST supported AOSP effects.
+    for (auto& desc : descriptors) {
+        EXPECT_NE(desc.type, zeroUuid);
+        EXPECT_NE(desc.uuid, zeroUuid);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(EffectFactory, QueriedDescriptorNotExistType) {
+    std::vector<Descriptor::Identity> descriptors;
+    ScopedAStatus status = factory->queryEffects(nullUuid, std::nullopt, &descriptors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(descriptors.size()), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_P(EffectFactory, QueriedDescriptorNotExistInstance) {
+    std::vector<Descriptor::Identity> descriptors;
+    ScopedAStatus status = factory->queryEffects(std::nullopt, nullUuid, &descriptors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(EX_NONE, status.getExceptionCode());
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(descriptors.size()), 0);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(EffectFactoryTest, EffectFactory,
+                         testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IFactory::descriptor)),
+                         android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(EffectFactory);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
index 7d77503..4e2a4ed 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
@@ -37,6 +37,14 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
+    <hal format="aidl" optional="false">
+        <name>android.hardware.audio.effect</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IFactory</name>
+            <instance>default</instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
     <hal format="aidl" optional="true">
          <name>android.hardware.authsecret</name>
          <version>1</version>
diff --git a/light/aidl/default/Lights.h b/light/aidl/default/Lights.h
index d6d5bf1..cba147f 100644
--- a/light/aidl/default/Lights.h
+++ b/light/aidl/default/Lights.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 // Default implementation that reports a few placeholder lights.
 class Lights : public BnLights {
     ndk::ScopedAStatus setLightState(int id, const HwLightState& state) override;
-    ndk::ScopedAStatus getLights(std::vector<HwLight>* types) override;
+    ndk::ScopedAStatus getLights(std::vector<HwLight>* lights) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace light
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index 5ffbd43..34bc962 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -232,26 +232,24 @@
 //     currently 1Mb, which is shared by all transactions in progress
 //     for the process."
 //
-// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are two complications:
+// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are three complications:
 // - Our representation size is just approximate (see sizeForBinder()).
-// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer.
+// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer
+//   (although our VTS test suite should not be putting multiple objects in the
+//   buffer at once).
+// - IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE recommends limiting a transaction to 64 * 1024 bytes.
 // So we'll be very conservative: We want the representation size to be no
-// larger than half the transaction buffer size.
+// larger than half the recommended limit.
 //
 // If our representation grows large enough that it still fits within
 // the transaction buffer but combined with other transactions may
 // exceed the buffer size, then we may see intermittent HAL transport
 // errors.
 static bool exceedsBinderSizeLimit(size_t representationSize) {
-    // Instead of using this fixed buffer size, we might instead be able to use
-    // ProcessState::self()->getMmapSize(). However, this has a potential
-    // problem: The binder/mmap size of the current process does not necessarily
-    // indicate the binder/mmap size of the service (i.e., the other process).
-    // The only way it would be a good indication is if both the current process
-    // and the service use the default size.
-    static const size_t kHalfBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 / 2;
+    // There is no C++ API to retrieve the value of the Java variable IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE.
+    static const size_t kHalfMaxIPCSize = 64 * 1024 / 2;
 
-    return representationSize > kHalfBufferSize;
+    return representationSize > kHalfMaxIPCSize;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////// VALIDATE EXECUTION ORDER ////////////////////////////
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index 1f4e4ed..dbabbaf 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.1/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -252,26 +252,24 @@
 //     currently 1Mb, which is shared by all transactions in progress
 //     for the process."
 //
-// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are two complications:
+// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are three complications:
 // - Our representation size is just approximate (see sizeForBinder()).
-// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer.
+// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer
+//   (although our VTS test suite should not be putting multiple objects in the
+//   buffer at once).
+// - IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE recommends limiting a transaction to 64 * 1024 bytes.
 // So we'll be very conservative: We want the representation size to be no
-// larger than half the transaction buffer size.
+// larger than half the recommended limit.
 //
 // If our representation grows large enough that it still fits within
 // the transaction buffer but combined with other transactions may
 // exceed the buffer size, then we may see intermittent HAL transport
 // errors.
 static bool exceedsBinderSizeLimit(size_t representationSize) {
-    // Instead of using this fixed buffer size, we might instead be able to use
-    // ProcessState::self()->getMmapSize(). However, this has a potential
-    // problem: The binder/mmap size of the current process does not necessarily
-    // indicate the binder/mmap size of the service (i.e., the other process).
-    // The only way it would be a good indication is if both the current process
-    // and the service use the default size.
-    static const size_t kHalfBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 / 2;
+    // There is no C++ API to retrieve the value of the Java variable IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE.
+    static const size_t kHalfMaxIPCSize = 64 * 1024 / 2;
 
-    return representationSize > kHalfBufferSize;
+    return representationSize > kHalfMaxIPCSize;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////// VALIDATE EXECUTION ORDER ////////////////////////////
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index 3375602..d7cd6f5 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -291,26 +291,24 @@
 //     currently 1Mb, which is shared by all transactions in progress
 //     for the process."
 //
-// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are two complications:
+// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are three complications:
 // - Our representation size is just approximate (see sizeForBinder()).
-// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer.
+// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer
+//   (although our VTS test suite should not be putting multiple objects in the
+//   buffer at once).
+// - IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE recommends limiting a transaction to 64 * 1024 bytes.
 // So we'll be very conservative: We want the representation size to be no
-// larger than half the transaction buffer size.
+// larger than half the recommended limit.
 //
 // If our representation grows large enough that it still fits within
 // the transaction buffer but combined with other transactions may
 // exceed the buffer size, then we may see intermittent HAL transport
 // errors.
 static bool exceedsBinderSizeLimit(size_t representationSize) {
-    // Instead of using this fixed buffer size, we might instead be able to use
-    // ProcessState::self()->getMmapSize(). However, this has a potential
-    // problem: The binder/mmap size of the current process does not necessarily
-    // indicate the binder/mmap size of the service (i.e., the other process).
-    // The only way it would be a good indication is if both the current process
-    // and the service use the default size.
-    static const size_t kHalfBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 / 2;
+    // There is no C++ API to retrieve the value of the Java variable IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE.
+    static const size_t kHalfMaxIPCSize = 64 * 1024 / 2;
 
-    return representationSize > kHalfBufferSize;
+    return representationSize > kHalfMaxIPCSize;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////// VALIDATE EXECUTION ORDER ////////////////////////////
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index 849ef7b..d8c7cd1 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.3/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -308,26 +308,24 @@
 //     currently 1Mb, which is shared by all transactions in progress
 //     for the process."
 //
-// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are two complications:
+// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are three complications:
 // - Our representation size is just approximate (see sizeForBinder()).
-// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer.
+// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer
+//   (although our VTS test suite should not be putting multiple objects in the
+//   buffer at once).
+// - IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE recommends limiting a transaction to 64 * 1024 bytes.
 // So we'll be very conservative: We want the representation size to be no
-// larger than half the transaction buffer size.
+// larger than half the recommended limit.
 //
 // If our representation grows large enough that it still fits within
 // the transaction buffer but combined with other transactions may
 // exceed the buffer size, then we may see intermittent HAL transport
 // errors.
 static bool exceedsBinderSizeLimit(size_t representationSize) {
-    // Instead of using this fixed buffer size, we might instead be able to use
-    // ProcessState::self()->getMmapSize(). However, this has a potential
-    // problem: The binder/mmap size of the current process does not necessarily
-    // indicate the binder/mmap size of the service (i.e., the other process).
-    // The only way it would be a good indication is if both the current process
-    // and the service use the default size.
-    static const size_t kHalfBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 / 2;
+    // There is no C++ API to retrieve the value of the Java variable IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE.
+    static const size_t kHalfMaxIPCSize = 64 * 1024 / 2;
 
-    return representationSize > kHalfBufferSize;
+    return representationSize > kHalfMaxIPCSize;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////// VALIDATE EXECUTION ORDER ////////////////////////////
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index 060434e..d7baf19 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/aidl/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -344,26 +344,24 @@
 //     currently 1Mb, which is shared by all transactions in progress
 //     for the process."
 //
-// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are two complications:
+// Will our representation fit under this limit?  There are three complications:
 // - Our representation size is just approximate (see sizeForBinder()).
-// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer.
+// - This object may not be the only occupant of the Binder transaction buffer
+//   (although our VTS test suite should not be putting multiple objects in the
+//   buffer at once).
+// - IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE recommends limiting a transaction to 64 * 1024 bytes.
 // So we'll be very conservative: We want the representation size to be no
-// larger than half the transaction buffer size.
+// larger than half the recommended limit.
 //
 // If our representation grows large enough that it still fits within
 // the transaction buffer but combined with other transactions may
 // exceed the buffer size, then we may see intermittent HAL transport
 // errors.
 static bool exceedsBinderSizeLimit(size_t representationSize) {
-    // Instead of using this fixed buffer size, we might instead be able to use
-    // ProcessState::self()->getMmapSize(). However, this has a potential
-    // problem: The binder/mmap size of the current process does not necessarily
-    // indicate the binder/mmap size of the service (i.e., the other process).
-    // The only way it would be a good indication is if both the current process
-    // and the service use the default size.
-    static const size_t kHalfBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 / 2;
+    // There is no C++ API to retrieve the value of the Java variable IBinder.MAX_IPC_SIZE.
+    static const size_t kHalfMaxIPCSize = 64 * 1024 / 2;
 
-    return representationSize > kHalfBufferSize;
+    return representationSize > kHalfMaxIPCSize;
 }
 
 ///////////////////////// VALIDATE EXECUTION ORDER ////////////////////////////
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl
index ae75579..4c2be89 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/KeyCreationResult.aidl
@@ -158,12 +158,23 @@
      *     Failed                     (3),
      * }
      *
+     * -- Note that the AuthorizationList SEQUENCE is also used in IKeyMintDevice::importWrappedKey
+     * -- as a way of describing the authorizations associated with a key that is being securely
+     * -- imported.  As such, it includes the ability to describe tags that are only relevant for
+     * -- symmetric keys, and which will never appear in the attestation extension of an X.509
+     * -- certificate that holds the public key part of an asymmetric keypair. Importing a wrapped
+     * -- key also allows the use of Tag::USER_SECURE_ID, which is never included in an attestation
+     * -- extension because it has no meaning off-device.
+     *
      * AuthorizationList ::= SEQUENCE {
      *     purpose                    [1] EXPLICIT SET OF INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     algorithm                  [2] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     keySize                    [3] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
+     *     blockMode                  [4] EXPLICIT SET OF INTEGER OPTIONAL, -- symmetric only
      *     digest                     [5] EXPLICIT SET OF INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     padding                    [6] EXPLICIT SET OF INTEGER OPTIONAL,
+     *     callerNonce                [7] EXPLICIT NULL OPTIONAL, -- symmetric only
+     *     minMacLength               [8] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL, -- symmetric only
      *     ecCurve                    [10] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     rsaPublicExponent          [200] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     mgfDigest                  [203] EXPLICIT SET OF INTEGER OPTIONAL,
@@ -173,6 +184,7 @@
      *     originationExpireDateTime  [401] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     usageExpireDateTime        [402] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     usageCountLimit            [405] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
+     *     userSecureId               [502] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL, -- only used on import
      *     noAuthRequired             [503] EXPLICIT NULL OPTIONAL,
      *     userAuthType               [504] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
      *     authTimeout                [505] EXPLICIT INTEGER OPTIONAL,
diff --git a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
index 871a1ac..47361d5 100644
--- a/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
+++ b/security/keymint/aidl/android/hardware/security/keymint/Tag.aidl
@@ -274,25 +274,10 @@
     USAGE_EXPIRE_DATETIME = TagType.DATE | 402,
 
     /**
-     * Tag::MIN_SECONDS_BETWEEN_OPS specifies the minimum amount of time that elapses between
-     * allowed operations using a key.  This can be used to rate-limit uses of keys in contexts
-     * where unlimited use may enable brute force attacks.
+     * OBSOLETE: Do not use.
      *
-     * The value is a 32-bit integer representing seconds between allowed operations.
-     *
-     * When a key with this tag is used in an operation, the IKeyMintDevice must start a timer
-     * during the finish() or abort() call.  Any call to begin() that is received before the timer
-     * indicates that the interval specified by Tag::MIN_SECONDS_BETWEEN_OPS has elapsed must fail
-     * with ErrorCode::KEY_RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED.  This implies that the IKeyMintDevice must keep a
-     * table of use counters for keys with this tag.  Because memory is often limited, this table
-     * may have a fixed maximum size and KeyMint may fail operations that attempt to use keys with
-     * this tag when the table is full.  The table must accommodate at least 8 in-use keys and
-     * aggressively reuse table slots when key minimum-usage intervals expire.  If an operation
-     * fails because the table is full, KeyMint returns ErrorCode::TOO_MANY_OPERATIONS.
-     *
-     * Must be hardware-enforced.
-     *
-     * TODO(b/191738660): Remove in KeyMint V2. Currently only used for FDE.
+     * This tag value is included for historical reason, as it was present in Keymaster.
+     * KeyMint implementations do not need to support this tag.
      */
     MIN_SECONDS_BETWEEN_OPS = TagType.UINT | 403,
 
@@ -898,8 +883,12 @@
     STORAGE_KEY = TagType.BOOL | 722,
 
     /**
-     * OBSOLETE: Do not use. See IKeyMintOperation.updateAad instead.
-     * TODO(b/191738660): Remove in KeyMint v2.
+     * OBSOLETE: Do not use.
+     *
+     * This tag value is included for historical reasons -- in Keymaster it was used to hold
+     * associated data for AEAD encryption, as an additional parameter to
+     * IKeymasterDevice::finish().  In KeyMint the IKeyMintOperation::updateAad() method is used for
+     * this.
      */
     ASSOCIATED_DATA = TagType.BYTES | 1000,
 
@@ -938,10 +927,12 @@
     RESET_SINCE_ID_ROTATION = TagType.BOOL | 1004,
 
     /**
-     * OBSOLETE: Do not use. See the authToken parameter for IKeyMintDevice::begin and for
-     * IKeyMintOperation methods instead.
+     * OBSOLETE: Do not use.
      *
-     * TODO(b/191738660): Delete when keystore1 is deleted.
+     * This tag value is included for historical reasons -- in Keymaster it was used to hold
+     * a confirmation token as an additional parameter to
+     * IKeymasterDevice::finish().  In KeyMint the IKeyMintOperation::finish() method includes
+     * a confirmationToken argument for this.
      */
     CONFIRMATION_TOKEN = TagType.BYTES | 1005,
 
diff --git a/tv/input/OWNERS b/tv/input/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a02291a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tv/input/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+hgchen@google.com
+shubang@google.com
+quxiangfang@google.com
+yixiaoluo@google.com