diff --git a/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp b/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp
index 43bcd9a..35d11e9 100644
--- a/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp
+++ b/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp
@@ -30,24 +30,25 @@
 
 struct TracingConfig {
     std::string description;
+    // path and if error on failure
     std::vector<std::pair<std::string, bool>> paths;
 };
 
 // This is a map stores categories and their sysfs paths with required flags
 const std::map<std::string, TracingConfig> kTracingMap = {
-    // gfx
-    {
-        "gfx",
-        {"Graphics",
-         {{"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/mdss/enable", false},
-          {"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sde/enable", false},
-          {"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/mali_systrace/enable", false}}},
-    },
-    {
-        "ion",
-        {"ION allocation",
-         {{"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem/ion_alloc_buffer_start/enable", true}}},
-    },
+        // gfx
+        {
+                "gfx",
+                {"Graphics",
+                 {{"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/mdss/enable", false},
+                  {"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/sde/enable", false},
+                  {"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/mali_systrace/enable", false}}},
+        },
+        {
+                "ion",
+                {"ION allocation",
+                 {{"/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/kmem/ion_alloc_buffer_start/enable", false}}},
+        },
 };
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::atrace::V1_0::IAtraceDevice follow.
diff --git a/audio/5.0/IStreamIn.hal b/audio/5.0/IStreamIn.hal
index b042960..e15b034 100644
--- a/audio/5.0/IStreamIn.hal
+++ b/audio/5.0/IStreamIn.hal
@@ -169,6 +169,10 @@
     /**
      * Specifies the logical microphone (for processing).
      *
+     * If the feature is not supported an error should be returned
+     * If multiple microphones are present, this should be treated as a preference
+     * for their combined direction.
+     *
      * Optional method
      *
      * @param Direction constant
@@ -180,6 +184,10 @@
     /**
      * Specifies the zoom factor for the selected microphone (for processing).
      *
+     * If the feature is not supported an error should be returned
+     * If multiple microphones are present, this should be treated as a preference
+     * for their combined field dimension.
+     *
      * Optional method
      *
      * @param the desired field dimension of microphone capture. Range is from -1 (wide angle),
diff --git a/audio/common/5.0/types.hal b/audio/common/5.0/types.hal
index 0cbf35e..e1279ee 100644
--- a/audio/common/5.0/types.hal
+++ b/audio/common/5.0/types.hal
@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@
      */
     ECHO_REFERENCE      = 1997,
     FM_TUNER            = 1998,
+    HOTWORD             = 1999,
 };
 
 typedef int32_t AudioSession;
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/include/vhal_v2_0/VmsUtils.h b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/include/vhal_v2_0/VmsUtils.h
index 9e32bb5..258dbd9 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/include/vhal_v2_0/VmsUtils.h
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/include/vhal_v2_0/VmsUtils.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #include <android/hardware/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.h>
 
@@ -42,6 +43,20 @@
     int type;
     int subtype;
     int version;
+    bool operator==(const VmsLayer& layer) const {
+        return this->type == layer.type && this->subtype == layer.subtype &&
+               this->version == layer.version;
+    }
+
+    // Class for hash function
+    class VmsLayerHashFunction {
+      public:
+        // Hash of the variables is returned.
+        size_t operator()(const VmsLayer& layer) const {
+            return std::hash<int>()(layer.type) ^ std::hash<int>()(layer.type) ^
+                   std::hash<int>()(layer.type);
+        }
+    };
 };
 
 struct VmsLayerAndPublisher {
@@ -66,6 +81,15 @@
     std::vector<VmsLayer> dependencies;
 };
 
+// A VmsOffers refers to a list of layers that can be published by the publisher
+// with the specified publisher ID.
+struct VmsOffers {
+    VmsOffers(int publisher_id, std::vector<VmsLayerOffering> offerings)
+        : publisher_id(publisher_id), offerings(offerings) {}
+    int publisher_id;
+    std::vector<VmsLayerOffering> offerings;
+};
+
 // A VmsSubscriptionsState is delivered in response to a
 // VmsMessageType.SUBSCRIPTIONS_REQUEST or on the first SUBSCRIBE or last
 // UNSUBSCRIBE for a layer. It indicates which layers or associated_layers are
@@ -81,6 +105,9 @@
     std::vector<VmsAssociatedLayer> associated_layers;
 };
 
+// Creates an empty base VMS message with some pre-populated default fields.
+std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createBaseVmsMessage(size_t message_size);
+
 // Creates a VehiclePropValue containing a message of type
 // VmsMessageType.SUBSCRIBE, specifying to the VMS service
 // which layer to subscribe to.
@@ -106,8 +133,7 @@
 // Creates a VehiclePropValue containing a message of type
 // VmsMessageType.OFFERING, specifying to the VMS service which layers are being
 // offered and their dependencies, if any.
-std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createOfferingMessage(
-    const std::vector<VmsLayerOffering>& offering);
+std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createOfferingMessage(const VmsOffers& offers);
 
 // Creates a VehiclePropValue containing a message of type
 // VmsMessageType.AVAILABILITY_REQUEST.
@@ -143,8 +169,40 @@
 // function to ParseFromString.
 std::string parseData(const VehiclePropValue& value);
 
-// TODO(aditin): Need to implement additional parsing functions per message
-// type.
+// Creates a VehiclePropValue containing a message of type
+// VmsMessageType.PUBLISHER_ID_REQUEST with the given publisher information.
+// Returns a nullptr if the input is empty.
+std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createPublisherIdRequest(
+        const std::string& vms_provider_description);
+
+// Returns the publisher ID by parsing the VehiclePropValue containing the ID.
+// Returns null if the message is invalid.
+int32_t parsePublisherIdResponse(const VehiclePropValue& publisher_id_response);
+
+// Returns true if the new sequence number is greater than the last seen
+// sequence number.
+bool isSequenceNumberNewer(const VehiclePropValue& subscription_change,
+                           const int last_seen_sequence_number);
+
+// Returns sequence number of the message.
+int32_t getSequenceNumberForSubscriptionsState(const VehiclePropValue& subscription_change);
+
+// Takes a subscription change message and returns the layers that have active
+// subscriptions of the layers that are offered by your HAL client/publisher.
+//
+// A publisher can use this function when receiving a subscription change message
+// to determine which layers to publish data on.
+// The caller of this function can optionally decide to not consume these layers
+// if the subscription change has the sequence number less than the last seen
+// sequence number.
+std::vector<VmsLayer> getSubscribedLayers(const VehiclePropValue& subscription_change,
+                                          const VmsOffers& offers);
+
+// Takes an availability change message and returns true if the parsed message implies that
+// the service has newly started or restarted.
+// If the message has a sequence number 0, it means that the service
+// has newly started or restarted.
+bool hasServiceNewlyStarted(const VehiclePropValue& availability_change);
 
 }  // namespace vms
 }  // namespace V2_0
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/src/VmsUtils.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/src/VmsUtils.cpp
index f001a32..1863191 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/src/VmsUtils.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/common/src/VmsUtils.cpp
@@ -27,16 +27,23 @@
 
 static constexpr int kMessageIndex = toInt(VmsBaseMessageIntegerValuesIndex::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 static constexpr int kMessageTypeSize = 1;
+static constexpr int kPublisherIdSize = 1;
 static constexpr int kLayerNumberSize = 1;
 static constexpr int kLayerSize = 3;
 static constexpr int kLayerAndPublisherSize = 4;
+static constexpr int kPublisherIdIndex =
+        toInt(VmsPublisherInformationIntegerValuesIndex::PUBLISHER_ID);
+static constexpr int kSubscriptionStateSequenceNumberIndex =
+        toInt(VmsSubscriptionsStateIntegerValuesIndex::SEQUENCE_NUMBER);
+static constexpr int kAvailabilitySequenceNumberIndex =
+        toInt(VmsAvailabilityStateIntegerValuesIndex::SEQUENCE_NUMBER);
 
 // TODO(aditin): We should extend the VmsMessageType enum to include a first and
 // last, which would prevent breakages in this API. However, for all of the
 // functions in this module, we only need to guarantee that the message type is
-// between SUBSCRIBE and DATA.
+// between SUBSCRIBE and PUBLISHER_ID_RESPONSE.
 static constexpr int kFirstMessageType = toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIBE);
-static constexpr int kLastMessageType = toInt(VmsMessageType::DATA);
+static constexpr int kLastMessageType = toInt(VmsMessageType::PUBLISHER_ID_RESPONSE);
 
 std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createBaseVmsMessage(size_t message_size) {
     auto result = createVehiclePropValue(VehiclePropertyType::INT32, message_size);
@@ -77,17 +84,16 @@
     return result;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createOfferingMessage(
-    const std::vector<VmsLayerOffering>& offering) {
-    int message_size = kMessageTypeSize + kLayerNumberSize;
-    for (const auto& offer : offering) {
-        message_size += kLayerNumberSize + (1 + offer.dependencies.size()) * kLayerSize;
+std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createOfferingMessage(const VmsOffers& offers) {
+    int message_size = kMessageTypeSize + kPublisherIdSize + kLayerNumberSize;
+    for (const auto& offer : offers.offerings) {
+        message_size += kLayerSize + kLayerNumberSize + (offer.dependencies.size() * kLayerSize);
     }
     auto result = createBaseVmsMessage(message_size);
 
-    std::vector<int32_t> offers = {toInt(VmsMessageType::OFFERING),
-                                   static_cast<int>(offering.size())};
-    for (const auto& offer : offering) {
+    std::vector<int32_t> offerings = {toInt(VmsMessageType::OFFERING), offers.publisher_id,
+                                      static_cast<int>(offers.offerings.size())};
+    for (const auto& offer : offers.offerings) {
         std::vector<int32_t> layer_vector = {offer.layer.type, offer.layer.subtype,
                                              offer.layer.version,
                                              static_cast<int32_t>(offer.dependencies.size())};
@@ -97,9 +103,9 @@
             layer_vector.insert(layer_vector.end(), dependency_layer.begin(),
                                 dependency_layer.end());
         }
-        offers.insert(offers.end(), layer_vector.begin(), layer_vector.end());
+        offerings.insert(offerings.end(), layer_vector.begin(), layer_vector.end());
     }
-    result->value.int32Values = offers;
+    result->value.int32Values = offerings;
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -153,6 +159,103 @@
     }
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<VehiclePropValue> createPublisherIdRequest(
+        const std::string& vms_provider_description) {
+    auto result = createBaseVmsMessage(kMessageTypeSize);
+    result->value.int32Values = hidl_vec<int32_t>{
+            toInt(VmsMessageType::PUBLISHER_ID_REQUEST),
+    };
+    result->value.bytes =
+            std::vector<uint8_t>(vms_provider_description.begin(), vms_provider_description.end());
+    return result;
+}
+
+int32_t parsePublisherIdResponse(const VehiclePropValue& publisher_id_response) {
+    if (isValidVmsMessage(publisher_id_response) &&
+        parseMessageType(publisher_id_response) == VmsMessageType::PUBLISHER_ID_RESPONSE &&
+        publisher_id_response.value.int32Values.size() > kPublisherIdIndex) {
+        return publisher_id_response.value.int32Values[kPublisherIdIndex];
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool isSequenceNumberNewer(const VehiclePropValue& subscription_change,
+                           const int last_seen_sequence_number) {
+    return (isValidVmsMessage(subscription_change) &&
+            parseMessageType(subscription_change) == VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE &&
+            subscription_change.value.int32Values.size() > kSubscriptionStateSequenceNumberIndex &&
+            subscription_change.value.int32Values[kSubscriptionStateSequenceNumberIndex] >
+                    last_seen_sequence_number);
+}
+
+int32_t getSequenceNumberForSubscriptionsState(const VehiclePropValue& subscription_change) {
+    if (isValidVmsMessage(subscription_change) &&
+        parseMessageType(subscription_change) == VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE &&
+        subscription_change.value.int32Values.size() > kSubscriptionStateSequenceNumberIndex) {
+        return subscription_change.value.int32Values[kSubscriptionStateSequenceNumberIndex];
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+std::vector<VmsLayer> getSubscribedLayers(const VehiclePropValue& subscription_change,
+                                          const VmsOffers& offers) {
+    if (isValidVmsMessage(subscription_change) &&
+        parseMessageType(subscription_change) == VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE &&
+        subscription_change.value.int32Values.size() > kSubscriptionStateSequenceNumberIndex) {
+        const int32_t num_of_layers = subscription_change.value.int32Values[toInt(
+                VmsSubscriptionsStateIntegerValuesIndex::NUMBER_OF_LAYERS)];
+        const int32_t num_of_associated_layers = subscription_change.value.int32Values[toInt(
+                VmsSubscriptionsStateIntegerValuesIndex ::NUMBER_OF_ASSOCIATED_LAYERS)];
+
+        std::unordered_set<VmsLayer, VmsLayer::VmsLayerHashFunction> offered_layers;
+        for (const auto& offer : offers.offerings) {
+            offered_layers.insert(offer.layer);
+        }
+        std::vector<VmsLayer> subscribed_layers;
+
+        int current_index = toInt(VmsSubscriptionsStateIntegerValuesIndex::SUBSCRIPTIONS_START);
+        // Add all subscribed layers which are offered by the current publisher.
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_of_layers; i++) {
+            VmsLayer layer = VmsLayer(subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index],
+                                      subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index + 1],
+                                      subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index + 2]);
+            if (offered_layers.find(layer) != offered_layers.end()) {
+                subscribed_layers.push_back(layer);
+            }
+            current_index += kLayerSize;
+        }
+        // Add all subscribed associated layers which are offered by the current publisher.
+        // For this, we need to check if the associated layer has a publisher ID which is
+        // same as that of the current publisher.
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_of_associated_layers; i++) {
+            VmsLayer layer = VmsLayer(subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index],
+                                      subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index + 1],
+                                      subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index + 2]);
+            current_index += kLayerSize;
+            if (offered_layers.find(layer) != offered_layers.end()) {
+                int32_t num_of_publisher_ids = subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index];
+                current_index++;
+                for (int j = 0; j < num_of_publisher_ids; j++) {
+                    if (subscription_change.value.int32Values[current_index] ==
+                        offers.publisher_id) {
+                        subscribed_layers.push_back(layer);
+                    }
+                    current_index++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return subscribed_layers;
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+bool hasServiceNewlyStarted(const VehiclePropValue& availability_change) {
+    return (isValidVmsMessage(availability_change) &&
+            parseMessageType(availability_change) == VmsMessageType::AVAILABILITY_CHANGE &&
+            availability_change.value.int32Values.size() > kAvailabilitySequenceNumberIndex &&
+            availability_change.value.int32Values[kAvailabilitySequenceNumberIndex] == 0);
+}
+
 }  // namespace vms
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace vehicle
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalManager_test.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalManager_test.cpp
index f64eab5..0975071 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalManager_test.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VehicleHalManager_test.cpp
@@ -278,7 +278,6 @@
 
     cb->reset();
     VehiclePropValue actualValue(*subscribedValue.get());
-    actualValue.status = VehiclePropertyStatus::AVAILABLE;
     hal->sendPropEvent(std::move(subscribedValue));
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(cb->waitForExpectedEvents(1)) << "Events received: "
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VmsUtils_test.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VmsUtils_test.cpp
index 414c5c2..5ea5bd4 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VmsUtils_test.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/default/tests/VmsUtils_test.cpp
@@ -60,52 +60,64 @@
 }
 
 TEST(VmsUtilsTest, singleOfferingMessage) {
-    std::vector<VmsLayerOffering> offering = {VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(1, 0, 2))};
-    auto message = createOfferingMessage(offering);
+    VmsOffers offers = {123, {VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(1, 0, 2))}};
+    auto message = createOfferingMessage(offers);
     ASSERT_NE(message, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
     EXPECT_EQ(message->prop, toInt(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE));
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values.size(), 0x6ul);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values.size(), 0x7ul);
     EXPECT_EQ(parseMessageType(*message), VmsMessageType::OFFERING);
 
+    // Publisher ID
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[1], 123);
+
     // Number of layer offerings
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[1], 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[2], 1);
 
     // Layer
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[2], 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[3], 0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[4], 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[3], 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[4], 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[5], 2);
 
     // Number of dependencies
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[5], 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[6], 0);
 }
 
 TEST(VmsUtilsTest, offeringWithDependencies) {
     VmsLayer layer(1, 0, 2);
-    std::vector<VmsLayer> dependencies = {VmsLayer(2, 0, 2)};
+    std::vector<VmsLayer> dependencies = {VmsLayer(2, 0, 2), VmsLayer(3, 0, 3)};
     std::vector<VmsLayerOffering> offering = {VmsLayerOffering(layer, dependencies)};
-    auto message = createOfferingMessage(offering);
+    VmsOffers offers = {123, offering};
+    auto message = createOfferingMessage(offers);
     ASSERT_NE(message, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
     EXPECT_EQ(message->prop, toInt(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE));
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values.size(), 0x9ul);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values.size(), 0xdul);
     EXPECT_EQ(parseMessageType(*message), VmsMessageType::OFFERING);
 
+    // Publisher ID
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[1], 123);
+
     // Number of layer offerings
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[1], 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[2], 1);
 
     // Layer
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[2], 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[3], 0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[4], 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[3], 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[4], 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[5], 2);
 
     // Number of dependencies
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[5], 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[6], 2);
 
     // Dependency 1
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[6], 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[7], 0);
-    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[8], 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[7], 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[8], 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[9], 2);
+
+    // Dependency 2
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[10], 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[11], 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values[12], 3);
 }
 
 TEST(VmsUtilsTest, availabilityMessage) {
@@ -166,6 +178,153 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(data_str.empty());
 }
 
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, publisherIdRequest) {
+    std::string bytes = "pub_id";
+    auto message = createPublisherIdRequest(bytes);
+    ASSERT_NE(message, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->prop, toInt(VehicleProperty::VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE));
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.int32Values.size(), 0x1ul);
+    EXPECT_EQ(parseMessageType(*message), VmsMessageType::PUBLISHER_ID_REQUEST);
+    EXPECT_EQ(message->value.bytes.size(), bytes.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(message->value.bytes.data(), bytes.data(), bytes.size()), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, validPublisherIdResponse) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values =
+            hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::PUBLISHER_ID_RESPONSE), 1234};
+    EXPECT_EQ(parsePublisherIdResponse(*message), 1234);
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, invalidPublisherIdResponse) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(parsePublisherIdResponse(*message), -1);
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, validSequenceNumberForSubscriptionsState) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values =
+            hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE), 1234};
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSequenceNumberForSubscriptionsState(*message), 1234);
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, invalidSubscriptionsState) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(getSequenceNumberForSubscriptionsState(*message), -1);
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, newSequenceNumberForExistingSmallerNumber) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values =
+            hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE), 1234};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(isSequenceNumberNewer(*message, 1233));
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, newSequenceNumberForExistingGreaterNumber) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values =
+            hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE), 1234};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(isSequenceNumberNewer(*message, 1235));
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, newSequenceNumberForSameNumber) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values =
+            hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE), 1234};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(isSequenceNumberNewer(*message, 1234));
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, subscribedLayers) {
+    VmsOffers offers = {123,
+                        {VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(1, 0, 1), {VmsLayer(4, 1, 1)}),
+                         VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(2, 0, 1))}};
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values = hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE),
+                                                   1234,  // sequence number
+                                                   2,     // number of layers
+                                                   1,     // number of associated layers
+                                                   1,     // layer 1
+                                                   0,
+                                                   1,
+                                                   4,  // layer 2
+                                                   1,
+                                                   1,
+                                                   2,  // associated layer
+                                                   0,
+                                                   1,
+                                                   2,    // number of publisher IDs
+                                                   111,  // publisher IDs
+                                                   123};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
+    auto result = getSubscribedLayers(*message, offers);
+    EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<int>(result.size()), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.at(0), VmsLayer(1, 0, 1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(result.at(1), VmsLayer(2, 0, 1));
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, subscribedLayersWithDifferentSubtype) {
+    VmsOffers offers = {123, {VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(1, 0, 1))}};
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values = hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE),
+                                                   1234,  // sequence number
+                                                   1,     // number of layers
+                                                   0,     // number of associated layers
+                                                   1,     // layer 1
+                                                   1,     // different subtype
+                                                   1};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSubscribedLayers(*message, offers).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, subscribedLayersWithDifferentVersion) {
+    VmsOffers offers = {123, {VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(1, 0, 1))}};
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values = hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE),
+                                                   1234,  // sequence number
+                                                   1,     // number of layers
+                                                   0,     // number of associated layers
+                                                   1,     // layer 1
+                                                   0,
+                                                   2};  // different version
+    EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSubscribedLayers(*message, offers).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, subscribedLayersWithDifferentPublisherId) {
+    VmsOffers offers = {123, {VmsLayerOffering(VmsLayer(1, 0, 1))}};
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values = hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::SUBSCRIPTIONS_CHANGE),
+                                                   1234,  // sequence number
+                                                   0,     // number of layers
+                                                   1,     // number of associated layers
+                                                   1,     // associated layer 1
+                                                   0,
+                                                   1,
+                                                   1,     // number of publisher IDs
+                                                   234};  // publisher ID 1
+    EXPECT_TRUE(isValidVmsMessage(*message));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(getSubscribedLayers(*message, offers).empty());
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, serviceNewlyStarted) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values = hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::AVAILABILITY_CHANGE), 0};
+    EXPECT_TRUE(hasServiceNewlyStarted(*message));
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, serviceNotNewlyStarted) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(2);
+    message->value.int32Values =
+            hidl_vec<int32_t>{toInt(VmsMessageType::AVAILABILITY_CHANGE), 1234};
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasServiceNewlyStarted(*message));
+}
+
+TEST(VmsUtilsTest, invalidAvailabilityChange) {
+    auto message = createBaseVmsMessage(1);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(hasServiceNewlyStarted(*message));
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 }  // namespace vms
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
index 435e19c..b04d096 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/2.0/types.hal
@@ -1139,7 +1139,6 @@
      * Indicates which units the car is using to display fuel volume to the user. Eg. Liter or
      * Gallon.
      *
-     * Distance units are defined in VehicleUnit.
      * VehiclePropConfig.configArray is used to indicate the supported fuel volume display units.
      * Volume units are defined in VehicleUnit.
      * For example: configArray[0] = 0x41 // LITER
@@ -1160,7 +1159,6 @@
      * Indicates which units the car is using to display tire pressure to the user. Eg. PSI, Bar or
      * Kilopascal.
      *
-     * Distance units are defined in VehicleUnit.
      * VehiclePropConfig.configArray is used to indicate the supported pressure display units.
      * Pressure units are defined in VehicleUnit.
      * For example: configArray[0] = 0x70 // KILOPASCAL
@@ -1182,7 +1180,6 @@
      * Indicates which units the car is using to display EV battery information to the user. Eg.
      * watt-hours(Wh), kilowatt-hours(kWh) or ampere-hours(Ah).
      *
-     * Distance units are defined in VehicleUnit.
      * VehiclePropConfig.configArray is used to indicate the supported electrical energy units.
      * Electrical energy units are defined in VehicleUnit.
      * For example: configArray[0] = 0x60 // watt-hours
@@ -1199,6 +1196,22 @@
         | VehicleArea:GLOBAL),
 
     /**
+     * Fuel consumption units for display
+     *
+     * Indicates type of units the car is using to display fuel consumption information to user
+     * True indicates units are distance over volume such as MPG.
+     * False indicates units are volume over distance such as L/100KM.
+     *
+     * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode:ON_CHANGE
+     * @access VehiclePropertyAccess:READ_WRITE
+     */
+    FUEL_CONSUMPTION_UNITS_DISTANCE_OVER_VOLUME = (
+        0x0604
+        | VehiclePropertyGroup:SYSTEM
+        | VehiclePropertyType:BOOLEAN
+        | VehicleArea:GLOBAL),
+
+    /**
      * Outside temperature
      *
      * @change_mode VehiclePropertyChangeMode:CONTINUOUS
@@ -2588,7 +2601,11 @@
     KELVIN         = 0x32,
     MILLILITER     = 0x40,
     LITER          = 0x41,
+
+    /** deprecated. Use US_GALLON instead. */
     GALLON         = 0x42,
+    US_GALLON      = 0x42,
+    IMPERIAL_GALLON= 0x43,
     NANO_SECS      = 0x50,
     SECS           = 0x53,
     YEAR           = 0x59,
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
index 28a0dd5..88a726f 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/BroadcastRadio.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
         static_cast<uint32_t>(IdentifierType::AMFM_FREQUENCY),
         static_cast<uint32_t>(IdentifierType::RDS_PI),
         static_cast<uint32_t>(IdentifierType::HD_STATION_ID_EXT),
+        static_cast<uint32_t>(IdentifierType::DAB_SID_EXT),
     });
     prop.vendorInfo = hidl_vec<VendorKeyValue>({
         {"com.google.dummy", "dummy"},
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.cpp b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.cpp
index 0b65979..c59fd8f 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 using std::mutex;
 using std::vector;
 using utils::make_selector_amfm;
+using utils::make_selector_dab;
 
 VirtualRadio gAmFmRadio(
     "AM/FM radio mock",
@@ -41,6 +42,16 @@
         {make_selector_amfm(106100), "106 KMEL", "Drake", "Marvins Room"},
     });
 
+// clang-format off
+VirtualRadio gDabRadio(
+    "DAB radio mock",
+    {
+        {make_selector_dab(12345, 225648), "BBC Radio 1", "Khalid", "Talk"},  // 12B
+        {make_selector_dab(22345, 222064), "Classic FM", "Jean Sibelius", "Andante Festivo"},  // 11D
+        {make_selector_dab(32345, 222064), "Absolute Radio", "Coldplay", "Clocks"},  // 11D
+    });
+// clang-format on
+
 VirtualRadio::VirtualRadio(const std::string& name, const vector<VirtualProgram>& initialList)
     : mName(name), mPrograms(initialList) {}
 
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.h b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.h
index 9c07816..6fa70c5 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.h
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/VirtualRadio.h
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@
 /** AM/FM virtual radio space. */
 extern VirtualRadio gAmFmRadio;
 
+/** DAB virtual radio space. */
+extern VirtualRadio gDabRadio;
+
 }  // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace broadcastradio
diff --git a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/service.cpp b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/service.cpp
index af96dad..349aba2 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/2.0/default/service.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/2.0/default/service.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 using android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
 using android::hardware::broadcastradio::V2_0::implementation::BroadcastRadio;
 using android::hardware::broadcastradio::V2_0::implementation::gAmFmRadio;
+using android::hardware::broadcastradio::V2_0::implementation::gDabRadio;
 
 int main() {
     android::base::SetDefaultTag("BcRadioDef");
@@ -30,8 +31,13 @@
     configureRpcThreadpool(4, true);
 
     BroadcastRadio broadcastRadio(gAmFmRadio);
-    auto status = broadcastRadio.registerAsService();
-    CHECK_EQ(status, android::OK) << "Failed to register Broadcast Radio HAL implementation";
+    auto amFmStatus = broadcastRadio.registerAsService("amfm");
+    CHECK_EQ(amFmStatus, android::OK)
+        << "Failed to register Broadcast Radio AM/FM HAL implementation";
+
+    BroadcastRadio dabRadio(gDabRadio);
+    auto dabStatus = dabRadio.registerAsService("dab");
+    CHECK_EQ(dabStatus, android::OK) << "Failed to register Broadcast Radio DAB HAL implementation";
 
     joinRpcThreadpool();
     return 1;  // joinRpcThreadpool shouldn't exit
diff --git a/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/Utils.cpp b/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/Utils.cpp
index 7892653..43f272e 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/Utils.cpp
+++ b/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/Utils.cpp
@@ -299,6 +299,20 @@
     return sel;
 }
 
+ProgramSelector make_selector_dab(uint32_t sidExt, uint32_t ensemble) {
+    ProgramSelector sel = {};
+    // TODO(maryabad): Have a helper function to create the sidExt instead of
+    // passing the whole identifier here. Something like make_dab_sid_ext.
+    sel.primaryId = make_identifier(IdentifierType::DAB_SID_EXT, sidExt);
+    hidl_vec<ProgramIdentifier> secondaryIds = {
+        make_identifier(IdentifierType::DAB_ENSEMBLE, ensemble),
+        // TODO(maryabad): Include frequency here when the helper method to
+        // translate between ensemble and frequency is implemented.
+    };
+    sel.secondaryIds = secondaryIds;
+    return sel;
+}
+
 Metadata make_metadata(MetadataKey key, int64_t value) {
     Metadata meta = {};
     meta.key = static_cast<uint32_t>(key);
diff --git a/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/include/broadcastradio-utils-2x/Utils.h b/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/include/broadcastradio-utils-2x/Utils.h
index c4aecb2..f4e0732 100644
--- a/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/include/broadcastradio-utils-2x/Utils.h
+++ b/broadcastradio/common/utils2x/include/broadcastradio-utils-2x/Utils.h
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
 
 V2_0::ProgramIdentifier make_identifier(V2_0::IdentifierType type, uint64_t value);
 V2_0::ProgramSelector make_selector_amfm(uint32_t frequency);
+V2_0::ProgramSelector make_selector_dab(uint32_t sidExt, uint32_t ensemble);
 V2_0::Metadata make_metadata(V2_0::MetadataKey key, int64_t value);
 V2_0::Metadata make_metadata(V2_0::MetadataKey key, std::string value);
 
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp b/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
index 4c54931..eb1bd1c 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
+++ b/camera/common/1.0/default/CameraMetadata.cpp
@@ -171,17 +171,16 @@
 }
 
 status_t CameraMetadata::checkType(uint32_t tag, uint8_t expectedType) {
-    int tagType = get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag);
+    int tagType = get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag, mBuffer);
     if ( CC_UNLIKELY(tagType == -1)) {
         ALOGE("Update metadata entry: Unknown tag %d", tag);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
     if ( CC_UNLIKELY(tagType != expectedType) ) {
         ALOGE("Mismatched tag type when updating entry %s (%d) of type %s; "
-                "got type %s data instead ",
-                get_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag), tag,
-                camera_metadata_type_names[tagType],
-                camera_metadata_type_names[expectedType]);
+              "got type %s data instead ",
+              get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag, mBuffer), tag,
+              camera_metadata_type_names[tagType], camera_metadata_type_names[expectedType]);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
     return OK;
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@
         ALOGE("%s: CameraMetadata is locked", __FUNCTION__);
         return INVALID_OPERATION;
     }
-    int type = get_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag);
+    int type = get_local_camera_metadata_tag_type(tag, mBuffer);
     if (type == -1) {
         ALOGE("%s: Tag %d not found", __FUNCTION__, tag);
         return BAD_VALUE;
@@ -332,9 +331,9 @@
     }
 
     if (res != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Unable to update metadata entry %s.%s (%x): %s (%d)",
-                __FUNCTION__, get_camera_metadata_section_name(tag),
-                get_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag), tag, strerror(-res), res);
+        ALOGE("%s: Unable to update metadata entry %s.%s (%x): %s (%d)", __FUNCTION__,
+              get_local_camera_metadata_section_name(tag, mBuffer),
+              get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag, mBuffer), tag, strerror(-res), res);
     }
 
     IF_ALOGV() {
@@ -391,18 +390,16 @@
     if (res == NAME_NOT_FOUND) {
         return OK;
     } else if (res != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Error looking for entry %s.%s (%x): %s %d",
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                get_camera_metadata_section_name(tag),
-                get_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag), tag, strerror(-res), res);
+        ALOGE("%s: Error looking for entry %s.%s (%x): %s %d", __FUNCTION__,
+              get_local_camera_metadata_section_name(tag, mBuffer),
+              get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag, mBuffer), tag, strerror(-res), res);
         return res;
     }
     res = delete_camera_metadata_entry(mBuffer, entry.index);
     if (res != OK) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Error deleting entry %s.%s (%x): %s %d",
-                __FUNCTION__,
-                get_camera_metadata_section_name(tag),
-                get_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag), tag, strerror(-res), res);
+        ALOGE("%s: Error deleting entry %s.%s (%x): %s %d", __FUNCTION__,
+              get_local_camera_metadata_section_name(tag, mBuffer),
+              get_local_camera_metadata_tag_name(tag, mBuffer), tag, strerror(-res), res);
     }
     return res;
 }
diff --git a/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS b/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS
index f112576..70128c7 100644
--- a/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS
+++ b/camera/common/1.0/default/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1 @@
-include platform/frameworks/av/camera:/OWNERS
+include platform/frameworks/av:camera/OWNERS
diff --git a/camera/device/3.4/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp b/camera/device/3.4/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp
index e00b3f8..03b6050 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.4/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp
+++ b/camera/device/3.4/default/CameraDeviceSession.cpp
@@ -187,7 +187,6 @@
             mPhysicalCameraIdMap[id] = requestedConfiguration.streams[i].physicalCameraId;
             mStreamMap[id].data_space = mapToLegacyDataspace(
                     mStreamMap[id].data_space);
-            mStreamMap[id].physical_camera_id = mPhysicalCameraIdMap[id].c_str();
             mCirculatingBuffers.emplace(stream.mId, CirculatingBuffers{});
         } else {
             // width/height/format must not change, but usage/rotation might need to change
@@ -206,6 +205,11 @@
             mStreamMap[id].rotation = (int) requestedConfiguration.streams[i].v3_2.rotation;
             mStreamMap[id].usage = (uint32_t) requestedConfiguration.streams[i].v3_2.usage;
         }
+        // It is possible for the entry in 'mStreamMap' to get initialized by an older
+        // HIDL API. Make sure that the physical id is always initialized when using
+        // a more recent API call.
+        mStreamMap[id].physical_camera_id = mPhysicalCameraIdMap[id].c_str();
+
         (*streams)[i] = &mStreamMap[id];
     }
 
diff --git a/camera/device/3.5/types.hal b/camera/device/3.5/types.hal
index f98c603..6d861e2 100644
--- a/camera/device/3.5/types.hal
+++ b/camera/device/3.5/types.hal
@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@
 import @3.2::CameraBlobId;
 
 /**
+ * If the result metadata cannot be produced for a physical camera device part of a logical
+ * multi-camera, then HAL must invoke the notification callback and pass a message with ERROR_RESULT
+ * code and errorStreamId that contains the stream id associated with that physical device.
+ * The behavior during absent result metadata remains unchanged for a logical or a non-logical
+ * camera device and the errorStreamId must be set to -1.
+ */
+
+/**
  * StreamConfiguration:
  *
  * Identical to @3.4::StreamConfiguration, except that it contains streamConfigCounter
diff --git a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index d77bb0e..814b88b 100644
--- a/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/camera/provider/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalCameraProviderV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -767,7 +767,7 @@
             const ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& metadata);
     void verifyStreamCombination(sp<device::V3_5::ICameraDevice> cameraDevice3_5,
             const ::android::hardware::camera::device::V3_4::StreamConfiguration &config3_4,
-            bool expectedStatus);
+            bool expectedStatus, bool expectStreamCombQuery);
     void verifyLogicalCameraResult(const camera_metadata_t* staticMetadata,
             const ::android::hardware::camera::common::V1_0::helper::CameraMetadata& resultMetadata);
 
@@ -1364,19 +1364,20 @@
         }
 
         hidl_vec<StreamBuffer> tmpRetBuffers(bufReq.numBuffersRequested);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < bufReq.numBuffersRequested; i++) {
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < bufReq.numBuffersRequested; j++) {
             hidl_handle buffer_handle;
             mParent->allocateGraphicBuffer(stream.width, stream.height,
                     android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(
                             halStream.producerUsage, halStream.consumerUsage),
                     halStream.overrideFormat, &buffer_handle);
 
-            tmpRetBuffers[i] = {stream.id, mNextBufferId, buffer_handle, BufferStatus::OK,
+            tmpRetBuffers[j] = {stream.id, mNextBufferId, buffer_handle, BufferStatus::OK,
                                 nullptr, nullptr};
             mOutstandingBufferIds[idx].insert(std::make_pair(mNextBufferId++, buffer_handle));
         }
         atLeastOneStreamOk = true;
-        bufRets[0].val.buffers(std::move(tmpRetBuffers));
+        bufRets[i].streamId = stream.id;
+        bufRets[i].val.buffers(std::move(tmpRetBuffers));
     }
 
     if (allStreamOk) {
@@ -2877,8 +2878,9 @@
             createStreamConfiguration(streams3_2, StreamConfigurationMode::NORMAL_MODE,
                                       &config3_2, &config3_4, &config3_5, jpegBufferSize);
             if (session3_5 != nullptr) {
+                bool expectStreamCombQuery = (isLogicalMultiCamera(staticMeta) == Status::OK);
                 verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4,
-                        /*expectedStatus*/ true);
+                        /*expectedStatus*/ true, expectStreamCombQuery);
                 config3_5.streamConfigCounter = streamConfigCounter++;
                 ret = session3_5->configureStreams_3_5(config3_5,
                         [streamId](Status s, device::V3_4::HalStreamConfiguration halConfig) {
@@ -2971,7 +2973,8 @@
         createStreamConfiguration(streams, StreamConfigurationMode::NORMAL_MODE,
                                   &config3_2, &config3_4, &config3_5, jpegBufferSize);
         if (session3_5 != nullptr) {
-            verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4, /*expectedStatus*/ false);
+            verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4, /*expectedStatus*/ false,
+                    /*expectStreamCombQuery*/false);
             config3_5.streamConfigCounter = streamConfigCounter++;
             ret = session3_5->configureStreams_3_5(config3_5,
                     [](Status s, device::V3_4::HalStreamConfiguration) {
@@ -3232,7 +3235,7 @@
                                           &config3_2, &config3_4, &config3_5, jpegBufferSize);
                 if (session3_5 != nullptr) {
                     verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4,
-                            /*expectedStatus*/ true);
+                            /*expectedStatus*/ true, /*expectStreamCombQuery*/ false);
                     config3_5.streamConfigCounter = streamConfigCounter++;
                     ret = session3_5->configureStreams_3_5(config3_5,
                             [](Status s, device::V3_4::HalStreamConfiguration halConfig) {
@@ -3483,7 +3486,7 @@
                                           &config3_2, &config3_4, &config3_5, jpegBufferSize);
                 if (session3_5 != nullptr) {
                     verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4,
-                            /*expectedStatus*/ true);
+                            /*expectedStatus*/ true, /*expectStreamCombQuery*/ false);
                     config3_5.streamConfigCounter = streamConfigCounter++;
                     ret = session3_5->configureStreams_3_5(config3_5,
                             [](Status s, device::V3_4::HalStreamConfiguration halConfig) {
@@ -3578,7 +3581,7 @@
                                   &config3_2, &config3_4, &config3_5);
         if (session3_5 != nullptr) {
             verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4,
-                    /*expectedStatus*/ true);
+                    /*expectedStatus*/ true, /*expectStreamCombQuery*/ false);
             config3_5.streamConfigCounter = streamConfigCounter++;
             ret = session3_5->configureStreams_3_5(config3_5,
                     [streamId](Status s, device::V3_4::HalStreamConfiguration halConfig) {
@@ -3811,7 +3814,7 @@
                                           &config3_2, &config3_4, &config3_5, jpegBufferSize);
                 if (session3_5 != nullptr) {
                     verifyStreamCombination(cameraDevice3_5, config3_4,
-                            /*expectedStatus*/ true);
+                            /*expectedStatus*/ true, /*expectStreamCombQuery*/ false);
                     config3_5.streamConfigCounter = streamConfigCounter++;
                     ret = session3_5->configureStreams_3_5(config3_5,
                             [](Status s, device::V3_4::HalStreamConfiguration halConfig) {
@@ -5535,11 +5538,12 @@
 
 void CameraHidlTest::verifyStreamCombination(sp<device::V3_5::ICameraDevice> cameraDevice3_5,
         const ::android::hardware::camera::device::V3_4::StreamConfiguration &config3_4,
-        bool expectedStatus) {
+        bool expectedStatus, bool expectMethodSupported) {
     if (cameraDevice3_5.get() != nullptr) {
         auto ret = cameraDevice3_5->isStreamCombinationSupported(config3_4,
-                [expectedStatus] (Status s, bool combStatus) {
-                    ASSERT_TRUE((Status::OK == s) || (Status::METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED == s));
+                [expectedStatus, expectMethodSupported] (Status s, bool combStatus) {
+                    ASSERT_TRUE((Status::OK == s) ||
+                            (!expectMethodSupported && Status::METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED == s));
                     if (Status::OK == s) {
                         ASSERT_TRUE(combStatus == expectedStatus);
                     }
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
index 566bd48..e48cc79 100644
--- a/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.current.xml
@@ -271,7 +271,16 @@
             <instance>default</instance>
         </interface>
     </hal>
-    <hal format="hidl" optional="false">
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
+        <name>android.hardware.media.c2</name>
+        <version>1.0</version>
+        <interface>
+            <name>IComponentStore</name>
+            <regex-instance>default[0-9]*</regex-instance>
+            <regex-instance>vendor[0-9]*_software</regex-instance>
+        </interface>
+    </hal>
+    <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.media.omx</name>
         <version>1.0</version>
         <interface>
@@ -301,7 +310,7 @@
     </hal>
     <hal format="hidl" optional="true">
         <name>android.hardware.nfc</name>
-        <version>1.1</version>
+        <version>1.2</version>
         <interface>
             <name>INfc</name>
             <instance>default</instance>
diff --git a/current.txt b/current.txt
index 99100f1..fcb8447 100644
--- a/current.txt
+++ b/current.txt
@@ -396,6 +396,8 @@
 d702fb01dc2a0733aa820b7eb65435ee3334f75632ef880bafd2fb8803a20a58 android.hardware.gnss@1.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback
 7c7721c0f773fcf422b71a4f558545e9e36acc973e58ca51e5bd53905cf46bc0 android.hardware.graphics.bufferqueue@1.0::IGraphicBufferProducer
 d4fea995378bb4f421b4e24ccf68cad2734ab07fe4f874a126ba558b99df5766 android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1::IComposerClient
+f7d7cb747dc01a9fdb2d39a80003b4d8df9be733d65f5842198802eb6209db69 android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0::IMapper
+65a021fa89085b62fc96b2b6d3bef2f9103cf4d63379c68bc154fd9eef672852 android.hardware.health@1.0::types
 b7ecf29927055ec422ec44bf776223f07d79ad9f92ccf9becf167e62c2607e7a android.hardware.keymaster@4.0::IKeymasterDevice
 574e8f1499436fb4075894dcae0b36682427956ecb114f17f1fe22d116a83c6b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IPreparedModel
 417ab60fe1ef786778047e4486f3d868ebce570d91addd8fe4251515213072de android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
@@ -416,11 +418,11 @@
 0a911297821854985cfcdb17b63d7948af0f0f51ce8c68cc86367c185bbc772e android.hardware.audio@5.0::IDevicesFactory
 ce2e8c6c8559fd42bd69e0dee27b4d9c93cd9b2eff487b4e6b6395b6a1a993d6 android.hardware.audio@5.0::IPrimaryDevice
 4a4e5e5d9357004a1256bde8d36010ee00c51cea811a1c1e0dd969a9fc0bf862 android.hardware.audio@5.0::IStream
-e05e48c583de14c1e5a6fa9d48ea50244e3e0924b76b342374e7471dc8007ba9 android.hardware.audio@5.0::IStreamIn
+b9d41ff4031266de1ecef394a8a64de7d857634dd08dc6be855fca2fe3075975 android.hardware.audio@5.0::IStreamIn
 9471b12b1c255bb530695720bc4174bd74987b75b1f820854af8944bc8c215c9 android.hardware.audio@5.0::IStreamOut
 1b0500367ed2b32a841667ac3200edf3d3a164e8004aca445ff1b085ac831e93 android.hardware.audio@5.0::IStreamOutCallback
 83e365479cc77d8717c155e1787ee668cd2ae4c557b467cf75b8e7cd53697ad8 android.hardware.audio@5.0::types
-a0df6961e65444e1ca40a206d7f31304d313e8b7e5b122855e3272ab02720cd4 android.hardware.audio.common@5.0::types
+07d17800b298331e90d4ea5d8ba19a1ae3fe9c1dbff08d9f75fd3ade09496d67 android.hardware.audio.common@5.0::types
 f269297866765b95ddd1825676cc8a772f0c7c9863286df596fc302781a42ff5 android.hardware.audio.effect@5.0::IAcousticEchoCancelerEffect
 fa187b602d8939644ef708ed7627f2e3deac97899a4bda1de07f2ff126abe243 android.hardware.audio.effect@5.0::IAutomaticGainControlEffect
 e1bf864ccb8458c0da1dcc74a2e748b1dca8ac360df590591cf82d98292d7981 android.hardware.audio.effect@5.0::IBassBoostEffect
@@ -446,7 +448,7 @@
 09ab9b24994429d9bb32a3fb420b6f6be3e47eb655139a2c08c4e80d3f33ff95 android.hardware.camera.device@3.5::ICameraDevice
 06237de53c42890029e3f8fe7d1480d078469c0d07608e51c37b4d485d342992 android.hardware.camera.device@3.5::ICameraDeviceCallback
 08c68b196e2fc4e5ba67ba0d0917bde828a87cbe2cffec19d04733972da9eb49 android.hardware.camera.device@3.5::ICameraDeviceSession
-a848f7cb3cb3d080cf175bf08412322bfddb535168253796cdf777afdbf05b38 android.hardware.camera.device@3.5::types
+f9b8b388c0c76669e4b9189e4943efd2982f9bda5c10e276f96cc91bc8e818d6 android.hardware.camera.device@3.5::types
 f727d5f350f55a6d3354aad2feb64e43200de77c10d9d642465566bc260bb8ec android.hardware.camera.metadata@3.4::types
 0fb39a7809ad1c52b3efbbed5ef4749b06c2a4f1f19cdc3efa2e3d9b28f1205c android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5::ICameraProvider
 f5777403d65135a5407723671bc7a864cdca83aea13ee3ce2894b95e6588ca3a android.hardware.camera.provider@2.5::types
@@ -464,12 +466,15 @@
 7f460e795f5d1ed5e378935f98c6db4d39497de988aef1b4c2a4a07a6c400392 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IAGnss
 2e5ad983734069e84a760004b32da0d09e4170c05380abe27e6eb80e4aa70d5a android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IAGnssCallback
 1f4ac068a88a72360280d94a7f6fd7c63813c1eea4891a0eb01394d3e7e775f2 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IAGnssRil
-6e2f9a44375a0ae0b49ca7d711cb88945189d398535078408269e1e85889061d android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnss
-782dfc724272f279985de348c824197357941382f73c0083f0344d8ec594d2a8 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssCallback
+4deafcdcffa2d002119e7f58810b767a84666e76475aae68e757ec2845d9756d android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnss
+db6bdf6dfc5edf6c85d2944976db899227abb51079c893874353c322342c50b6 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssBatching
+1f89392f1ebb693d8fa6f50324b1635fc79fab246d31900e63998e1b0e17511c android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssBatchingCallback
+64232037109a5e5f53ab0377e755ec494ae93fcb5279e6eea71dec2e7ac6fbfc android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssCallback
 ecc966c68bddbd95c8dae782b84204cf01c75734675e8769963f3b5106ec128b android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssConfiguration
+b670bae2ab8517336290532e364502b4db9120340d75474ccc8442b1b15d6ab7 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssDebug
 c67759f5d6387d273b66729180d03690e827f0b6b8d4e13ce2ff42d31b224065 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssMeasurement
-3dd30a3ca77ef5ab109a55ba603ff816ae5019436886093dccf8fd6a068f85f1 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback
-4bcd767dd05304b4722c6521c7ed8d4a05faf6022f228f2c088379c647871f7c android.hardware.gnss@2.0::types
+15e09903748857f4beb5f485784606931fa5a6277cd070baa6d584df485b7948 android.hardware.gnss@2.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback
+a49c973f21ddf41bc402de55d7c8dffacf4dce06b0bbca4f5ffd3b09a471317e android.hardware.gnss@2.0::types
 d4cc8d91930d5a1a62deb0d97d398510a115ce3ede2d2978738651b9d01b11c3 android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections@1.0::IMeasurementCorrections
 3eec9763db9b101644f14175b77c9954047445a468e9c743fd402d472d4aa97e android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections@1.0::IMeasurementCorrectionsCallback
 6ef12cd95df73f8f80c25eb035d98ca4594f9cee571fdabea838a0b6016dd908 android.hardware.gnss.measurement_corrections@1.0::types
@@ -502,14 +507,14 @@
 21aa259585caaa27b6470ebcd8509aabde0ef5d039160aa6425d589cb787488b android.hardware.media.c2@1.0::IInputSink
 b9422a9aca84df1ff9623dc12c0562abce97716e28d63a965f2bfb88f9ad9607 android.hardware.media.c2@1.0::IInputSurface
 0a786a19e6753f9774a7ca7781c2a2edfe5c0b5fa112355dfa0e50ebedeb08b9 android.hardware.media.c2@1.0::IInputSurfaceConnection
-4cb139f729c29d8d6f4ecdab149c4feb571dad8a06e56cd57fcb52e70208bab4 android.hardware.media.c2@1.0::types
+7d3c292ca75ec3e22a8fd4ae72d2edb0659d280257e763786e766f3429954dd1 android.hardware.media.c2@1.0::types
 4880af120fc1640225abdc2c60bda6d79617d73484d5124913c7278af3b11e2d android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IBurstCallback
 19877e466ad8c6ed42b38050b77bd010cf7800ff365fdc8574f45bbfda03a758 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IBurstContext
-96249c852dabeefa3a9496ecdfc44681a071c665bfbf88527bf775c88bf1ab1b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IDevice
+b83317b66721241887d2770b5ae95fd5af1e77c5daa7530ecb08fae8892f2b43 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IDevice
 92714960d1a53fc2ec557302b41c7cc93d2636d8364a44bd0f85be0c92927ff8 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IExecutionCallback
-83885d366f22ada42c00d8854f0b7e7ba4cf73ddf80bb0d8e168ce132cec57ea android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IPreparedModel
+36e1064c869965dee533c537cefbe87e54db8bd8cd45be7e0e93e00e8a43863a android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IPreparedModel
 e1c734d1545e1a4ae749ff1dd9704a8e594c59aea7c8363159dc258e93e0df3b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IPreparedModelCallback
-114056b3b9303e0e858f28e718ba45722de5678d1d54eec0dcd10788604bf2bb android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::types
+9b3963253e521cca19fd81aeca83aee6dcfe3bdf2805c07cb2d3f64381709b71 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::types
 cf7a4ba516a638f9b82a249c91fb603042c2d9ca43fd5aad9cf6c0401ed2a5d7 android.hardware.nfc@1.2::INfc
 abf98c2ae08bf765db54edc8068e36d52eb558cff6706b6fd7c18c65a1f3fc18 android.hardware.nfc@1.2::types
 4cb252dc6372a874aef666b92a6e9529915aa187521a700f0789065c3c702ead android.hardware.power.stats@1.0::IPowerStats
@@ -541,9 +546,10 @@
 61bc302e7c974c59b25898c585c6e9685e8a81021b1bed3eedf5224198f2785a android.hardware.usb@1.2::IUsb
 46996cd2a1c66261a75a1f6ecada77eeb5861eb264fa39b996548fe0a7f22dd3 android.hardware.usb@1.2::IUsbCallback
 3bbaa8cbc5d6b1da21f5509b2b641e05fc7eeca1354751eb1bb3cf37f89aa32f android.hardware.usb@1.2::types
-92c1a726c80970d623b891f7c2f9a989a40a15ee1244092b49f4eb6adcdce4e9 android.hardware.vibrator@1.3::IVibrator
+0f7ff73793548d5154014059b7e0fe9ef6355d32218ace157954d02055f5248b android.hardware.vibrator@1.3::IVibrator
+2e313dc27a1327a29862ab3e085917f75c9e996f7c8df5a0ce37b9a0ed076b80 android.hardware.vibrator@1.3::types
 f19832856a3f53ced5ef91d3cc630a57fb7f4d4ce15f364dbed09099b89f6830 android.hardware.wifi@1.3::IWifi
-7c6799c19bfdb3dec016b751556fe246cf7d37191ee7bb82a0091ab9fbf6f2fb android.hardware.wifi@1.3::IWifiChip
+64be084b6e1ef330b75fa916593dc0b94b0ec7a16d5cfaa5a31e6c9143c8288d android.hardware.wifi@1.3::IWifiChip
 3bef30e8b61ab050c0f6fd26572712be5ebb7707d624c9aa6c74bbb9d6a5b4a9 android.hardware.wifi@1.3::IWifiStaIface
 f3dbd8dd0d6333c005610288a4785d0ef79a72a7bbe6d0a46d46fa89fc886f1e android.hardware.wifi@1.3::types
 2fae61e962f68091335f7ff4581fcfe2e28ce7f6132d7a712fa13d7965543e4d android.hardware.wifi.hostapd@1.1::IHostapd
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/Android.bp b/gnss/2.0/Android.bp
index c01ec55..6cfd346 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/Android.bp
@@ -12,8 +12,11 @@
         "IAGnssCallback.hal",
         "IAGnssRil.hal",
         "IGnss.hal",
+        "IGnssBatching.hal",
+        "IGnssBatchingCallback.hal",
         "IGnssCallback.hal",
         "IGnssConfiguration.hal",
+        "IGnssDebug.hal",
         "IGnssMeasurement.hal",
         "IGnssMeasurementCallback.hal",
     ],
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/IGnss.hal b/gnss/2.0/IGnss.hal
index 2c149b7..f19f8d0 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/IGnss.hal
+++ b/gnss/2.0/IGnss.hal
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@
 import GnssLocation;
 import IGnssCallback;
 import IGnssConfiguration;
+import IGnssDebug;
 import IGnssMeasurement;
 import IAGnss;
 import IAGnssRil;
+import IGnssBatching;
 
 /**
  * Represents the standard GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) interface.
@@ -55,6 +57,13 @@
     getExtensionGnssConfiguration_2_0() generates (IGnssConfiguration gnssConfigurationIface);
 
     /**
+     * This method returns the IGnssDebug interface.
+     *
+     * @return gnssDebugIface Handle to the IGnssDebug interface.
+     */
+    getExtensionGnssDebug_2_0() generates (IGnssDebug gnssDebugIface);
+
+    /**
      * This method returns the IAGnss Interface.
      *
      * The getExtensionAGnss() must return nullptr as the @1.0::IAGnss interface is
@@ -97,6 +106,13 @@
     getExtensionVisibilityControl() generates (IGnssVisibilityControl visibilityControlIface);
 
     /**
+     * This method returns the IGnssBatching interface.
+     *
+     * @return batchingIface Handle to the IGnssBatching interface.
+     */
+    getExtensionGnssBatching_2_0() generates (IGnssBatching batchingIface);
+
+    /**
      * Injects current location from the best available location provider.
      *
      * Unlike injectLocation, this method may inject a recent GNSS location from the HAL
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatching.hal b/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatching.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..961fa69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatching.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.gnss@2.0;
+
+import @1.0::IGnssBatching;
+import IGnssBatchingCallback;
+
+/**
+ * Extended interface for GNSS Batching support.
+ *
+ * If this interface is supported, this batching request must be able to run in
+ * parallel with, or without, non-batched location requested by the
+ * IGnss start() & stop() - i.e. both requests must be handled independently,
+ * and not interfere with each other.
+ *
+ * For example, if a 1Hz continuous output is underway on the IGnssCallback,
+ * due to an IGnss start() operation,
+ * and then a IGnssBatching start() is called for a location every 10
+ * seconds, the newly added batching request must not disrupt the 1Hz
+ * continuous location output on the IGnssCallback.
+ *
+ * As with GNSS Location outputs, source of location must be GNSS satellite
+ * measurements, optionally using interial and baro sensors to improve
+ * relative motion filtering. No additional absolute positioning information,
+ * such as WiFi derived location, may be mixed with the GNSS information.
+ */
+interface IGnssBatching extends @1.0::IGnssBatching {
+    /**
+     * Opens the interface and provides the callback routines
+     * to the implementation of this interface.
+     *
+     * @param callback Callback interface for IGnssBatching.
+     *
+     * @return success Returns true on success.
+     */
+    init_2_0(IGnssBatchingCallback callback) generates (bool success);
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatchingCallback.hal b/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatchingCallback.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f8b4ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatchingCallback.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.gnss@2.0;
+
+/** The callback interface to report measurements from the HAL. */
+interface IGnssBatchingCallback {
+    /**
+     * Called when a batch of locations is output, by various means, including
+     * a flush request, as well as the buffer becoming full (if appropriate option
+     * is set.)
+     *
+     * All locations returned by this callback must be cleared from the hardware
+     * buffer, such the sequential calls of this callback do not return any
+     * redundant locations.  (Same lat/lon, at a new time, is acceptable.)
+     *
+     * The GnssLocation struct in gnss@2.0 is extended to include elapsed realtime
+     * information.
+     *
+     * @param locations GNSS Location information from HAL.
+     */
+    gnssLocationBatchCb(vec<GnssLocation> locations);
+};
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/IGnssCallback.hal b/gnss/2.0/IGnssCallback.hal
index 4c31cf5..d6db9cc 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/IGnssCallback.hal
+++ b/gnss/2.0/IGnssCallback.hal
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import @1.0::IGnssCallback;
 import @1.1::IGnssCallback;
 import GnssLocation;
+import GnssConstellationType;
 
 /**
  * This interface is required for the HAL to communicate certain information
@@ -29,32 +30,13 @@
 
     /** Flags for the gnssSetCapabilities callback. */
     @export(name="", value_prefix="GPS_CAPABILITY_")
-    enum Capabilities : uint32_t {
-        /**
-         * GNSS HAL schedules fixes for RECURRENCE_PERIODIC mode.
-         * If this is not set, then the framework will use 1000ms for
-         * minInterval and must call start() and stop() to schedule the GNSS.
-         */
-        SCHEDULING                      = 1 << 0,
-        /** GNSS supports MS-Based AGNSS mode */
-        MSB                             = 1 << 1,
-        /** GNSS supports MS-Assisted AGNSS mode */
-        MSA                             = 1 << 2,
-        /** GNSS supports single-shot fixes */
-        SINGLE_SHOT                     = 1 << 3,
-        /** GNSS supports on demand time injection */
-        ON_DEMAND_TIME                  = 1 << 4,
-        /**
-         * Values for the flags removed from IGnssCallback.hal@1.0 Capabilities
-         * enum are marked as reserved and not reused here to avoid confusion.
-         */
-        RESERVED_1                      = 1 << 5,
-        RESERVED_2                      = 1 << 6,
-        RESERVED_3                      = 1 << 7,
+    enum Capabilities : @1.0::IGnssCallback.Capabilities {
         /** GNSS supports low power mode */
-        LOW_POWER_MODE                  = 1 << 8,
+        LOW_POWER_MODE                          = 1 << 8,
         /** GNSS supports blacklisting satellites */
-        SATELLITE_BLACKLIST             = 1 << 9
+        SATELLITE_BLACKLIST                     = 1 << 9,
+        /** GNSS supports measurement corrections */
+        MEASUREMENT_CORRECTIONS                 = 1 << 10
     };
 
     /**
@@ -94,4 +76,26 @@
      *        during-call to E911, or up to 5 minutes after end-of-call or text to E911).
      */
     gnssRequestLocationCb_2_0(bool independentFromGnss, bool isUserEmergency);
+
+    /** Extends a GnssSvInfo, replacing the GnssConstellationType. */
+    struct GnssSvInfo {
+        /**
+         * GNSS satellite information for a single satellite and frequency.
+         *
+         * In this version of the HAL, the field 'constellation' in the v1_0 struct is deprecated,
+         * and is no longer used by the framework. The constellation type is instead reported in
+         * @2.0::IGnssCallback.GnssSvInfo.constellation.
+         */
+        @1.0::IGnssCallback.GnssSvInfo v1_0;
+
+        /** Defines the constellation of the given SV. */
+        GnssConstellationType constellation;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Callback for the HAL to pass a vector of GnssSvInfo back to the client.
+     *
+     * @param svInfo SV status information from HAL.
+     */
+    gnssSvStatusCb_2_0(vec<GnssSvInfo> svInfoList);
 };
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/IGnssDebug.hal b/gnss/2.0/IGnssDebug.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3138ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/2.0/IGnssDebug.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.gnss@2.0;
+
+import @1.0::IGnssDebug;
+
+/** Extended interface for DEBUG support. */
+interface IGnssDebug extends @1.0::IGnssDebug {
+
+    /** Extending SatelliteData, replacing the GnssConstellationType. */
+    struct SatelliteData {
+        /**
+         * GNSS Satellite info.
+         *
+         * In this version of the HAL, the field 'constellation' in the v1_0 struct is deprecated,
+         * and is no longer used by the framework. The constellation type is instead reported in
+         * @2.0::IGnssDebug.SatelliteData.constellation.
+         */
+        @1.0::IGnssDebug.SatelliteData v1_0;
+
+        /** Defines the constellation type of the given SV. */
+        GnssConstellationType constellation;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Provides a set of debug information that is filled by the GNSS chipset when the method
+     * getDebugData() is invoked.
+     */
+    struct DebugData {
+        /** Current best known position. */
+        @1.0::IGnssDebug.PositionDebug position;
+
+        /** Current best know time estimate. */
+        @1.0::IGnssDebug.TimeDebug time;
+
+        /**
+         * Provides a list of the available satellite data, for all
+         * satellites and constellations the device can track,
+         * including GnssConstellationType UNKNOWN.
+         */
+        vec<SatelliteData> satelliteDataArray;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * This methods requests position, time and satellite ephemeris debug information from the HAL.
+     *
+     * @return ret debugData information from GNSS Hal that contains the current best known
+     * position, best known time estimate and a complete list of constellations that the device can
+     * track.
+     */
+    getDebugData_2_0() generates (DebugData debugData);
+};
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/IGnssMeasurementCallback.hal b/gnss/2.0/IGnssMeasurementCallback.hal
index d9751d3..e055f7a 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/IGnssMeasurementCallback.hal
+++ b/gnss/2.0/IGnssMeasurementCallback.hal
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import @1.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback;
 import @1.1::IGnssMeasurementCallback;
 import ElapsedRealtime;
+import GnssConstellationType;
 
 /** The callback interface to report measurements from the HAL. */
 interface IGnssMeasurementCallback extends @1.1::IGnssMeasurementCallback {
@@ -365,7 +366,8 @@
     };
 
     /**
-     * Extends a GNSS Measurement, adding a GnssMeasurementCodeType.
+     * Extends a GNSS Measurement, adding a GnssMeasurementCodeType, a GnssMeasurementState, and
+     * replacing the GnssConstellationType.
      */
     struct GnssMeasurement {
         /**
@@ -380,6 +382,10 @@
          * In this version of the HAL, the field 'state' in the v1_1.v1_0 struct is deprecated, and
          * is no longer used by the framework. The satellite sync state is instead reported in
          * @2.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback.GnssMeasurement.state.
+         *
+         * In this version of the HAL, the field 'constellation' in the v1_1.v1_0 struct is
+         * deprecated, and is no longer used by the framework. The constellation type is instead
+         * reported in @2.0::IGnssMeasurementCallback.GnssMeasurement.constellation.
          */
         @1.1::IGnssMeasurementCallback.GnssMeasurement v1_1;
 
@@ -442,6 +448,11 @@
          * This value is mandatory.
          */
         bitfield<GnssMeasurementState> state;
+
+        /**
+         * The constellation type of the GNSS measurement.
+         */
+        GnssConstellationType constellation;
     };
 
     /**
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/Android.bp b/gnss/2.0/default/Android.bp
index 64187e2..0fcd764 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
         "AGnss.cpp",
         "AGnssRil.cpp",
         "Gnss.cpp",
+	"GnssBatching.cpp",
         "GnssMeasurement.cpp",
         "GnssMeasurementCorrections.cpp",
         "GnssVisibilityControl.cpp",
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.cpp b/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.cpp
index 1dfdadb..3d64fc3 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.cpp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "AGnss.h"
 #include "AGnssRil.h"
+#include "GnssBatching.h"
 #include "GnssConfiguration.h"
 #include "GnssMeasurement.h"
 #include "GnssMeasurementCorrections.h"
@@ -236,6 +237,11 @@
     return new GnssConfiguration{};
 }
 
+Return<sp<V2_0::IGnssDebug>> Gnss::getExtensionGnssDebug_2_0() {
+    // TODO(b/124012850): Implement function.
+    return sp<V2_0::IGnssDebug>{};
+}
+
 Return<sp<V2_0::IAGnss>> Gnss::getExtensionAGnss_2_0() {
     return new AGnss{};
 }
@@ -260,6 +266,10 @@
     return new GnssVisibilityControl();
 }
 
+Return<sp<V2_0::IGnssBatching>> Gnss::getExtensionGnssBatching_2_0() {
+    return new GnssBatching();
+}
+
 Return<bool> Gnss::setCallback_2_0(const sp<V2_0::IGnssCallback>& callback) {
     ALOGD("Gnss::setCallback_2_0");
     if (callback == nullptr) {
@@ -270,7 +280,8 @@
     sGnssCallback_2_0 = callback;
 
     using Capabilities = V2_0::IGnssCallback::Capabilities;
-    const auto capabilities = Capabilities::LOW_POWER_MODE | Capabilities::SATELLITE_BLACKLIST;
+    const auto capabilities = Capabilities::MEASUREMENTS | Capabilities::MEASUREMENT_CORRECTIONS |
+                              Capabilities::LOW_POWER_MODE | Capabilities::SATELLITE_BLACKLIST;
     auto ret = sGnssCallback_2_0->gnssSetCapabilitiesCb_2_0(capabilities);
     if (!ret.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("%s: Unable to invoke callback", __func__);
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.h b/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.h
index f02ab0a..72f7797 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.h
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/Gnss.h
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
 
     // Methods from V2_0::IGnss follow.
     Return<sp<V2_0::IGnssConfiguration>> getExtensionGnssConfiguration_2_0() override;
+    Return<sp<V2_0::IGnssDebug>> getExtensionGnssDebug_2_0() override;
     Return<sp<V2_0::IAGnss>> getExtensionAGnss_2_0() override;
     Return<sp<V2_0::IAGnssRil>> getExtensionAGnssRil_2_0() override;
     Return<sp<V2_0::IGnssMeasurement>> getExtensionGnssMeasurement_2_0() override;
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@
     getExtensionMeasurementCorrections() override;
     Return<sp<visibility_control::V1_0::IGnssVisibilityControl>> getExtensionVisibilityControl()
             override;
+    Return<sp<V2_0::IGnssBatching>> getExtensionGnssBatching_2_0() override;
     Return<bool> injectBestLocation_2_0(const V2_0::GnssLocation& location) override;
 
   private:
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/GnssBatching.cpp b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssBatching.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d56cdfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssBatching.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "GnssBatching"
+
+#include "GnssBatching.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+sp<V2_0::IGnssBatchingCallback> GnssBatching::sCallback = nullptr;
+
+// Methods from ::android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IGnssBatching follow.
+Return<bool> GnssBatching::init(const sp<V1_0::IGnssBatchingCallback>&) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return bool{};
+}
+
+Return<uint16_t> GnssBatching::getBatchSize() {
+    // TODO implement
+    return uint16_t{};
+}
+
+Return<bool> GnssBatching::start(const V1_0::IGnssBatching::Options&) {
+    // TODO implement
+    return bool{};
+}
+
+Return<void> GnssBatching::flush() {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+Return<bool> GnssBatching::stop() {
+    // TODO implement
+    return bool{};
+}
+
+Return<void> GnssBatching::cleanup() {
+    // TODO implement
+    return Void();
+}
+
+// Methods from V2_0::IGnssBatching follow.
+Return<bool> GnssBatching::init_2_0(const sp<V2_0::IGnssBatchingCallback>& callback) {
+    sCallback = callback;
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/GnssBatching.h b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssBatching.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62ac580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssBatching.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android/hardware/gnss/2.0/IGnssBatching.h>
+#include <hidl/MQDescriptor.h>
+#include <hidl/Status.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace gnss {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace implementation {
+
+using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_array;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_memory;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+
+struct GnssBatching : public IGnssBatching {
+    // Methods from ::android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IGnssBatching follow.
+    Return<bool> init(const sp<V1_0::IGnssBatchingCallback>& callback) override;
+    Return<uint16_t> getBatchSize() override;
+    Return<bool> start(const V1_0::IGnssBatching::Options& options) override;
+    Return<void> flush() override;
+    Return<bool> stop() override;
+    Return<void> cleanup() override;
+
+    // Methods from V2_0::IGnssBatching follow.
+    Return<bool> init_2_0(const sp<V2_0::IGnssBatchingCallback>& callback) override;
+
+  private:
+    static sp<IGnssBatchingCallback> sCallback;
+};
+
+}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace gnss
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/GnssConfiguration.cpp b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssConfiguration.cpp
index 4389dd2..6bf1712 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/default/GnssConfiguration.cpp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssConfiguration.cpp
@@ -33,13 +33,11 @@
 }
 
 Return<bool> GnssConfiguration::setSuplVersion(uint32_t) {
-    // TODO implement
-    return bool{};
+    return true;
 }
 
 Return<bool> GnssConfiguration::setSuplMode(hidl_bitfield<SuplMode>) {
-    // TODO implement
-    return bool{};
+    return true;
 }
 
 Return<bool> GnssConfiguration::setGpsLock(hidl_bitfield<GpsLock> gpsLock) {
@@ -49,18 +47,15 @@
 }
 
 Return<bool> GnssConfiguration::setLppProfile(hidl_bitfield<LppProfile>) {
-    // TODO implement
-    return bool{};
+    return true;
 }
 
 Return<bool> GnssConfiguration::setGlonassPositioningProtocol(hidl_bitfield<GlonassPosProtocol>) {
-    // TODO implement
-    return bool{};
+    return true;
 }
 
 Return<bool> GnssConfiguration::setEmergencySuplPdn(bool) {
-    // TODO implement
-    return bool{};
+    return true;
 }
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::gnss::V1_1::IGnssConfiguration follow.
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/default/GnssMeasurement.cpp b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssMeasurement.cpp
index a62c2dd..93de89c 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/default/GnssMeasurement.cpp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/default/GnssMeasurement.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 namespace V2_0 {
 namespace implementation {
 
-using GnssConstellationType = V1_0::GnssConstellationType;
+using GnssConstellationType = V2_0::GnssConstellationType;
 using GnssMeasurementFlags = V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMeasurementFlags;
 using GnssMeasurementState = V2_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMeasurementState;
 
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 }
 
 Return<void> GnssMeasurement::close() {
+    ALOGD("close");
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     stop();
     sCallback = nullptr;
@@ -62,6 +63,7 @@
 // Methods from V2_0::IGnssMeasurement follow.
 Return<V1_0::IGnssMeasurement::GnssMeasurementStatus> GnssMeasurement::setCallback_2_0(
     const sp<V2_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback>& callback, bool) {
+    ALOGD("setCallback_2_0");
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     sCallback = callback;
 
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@
 }
 
 void GnssMeasurement::start() {
+    ALOGD("start");
     mIsActive = true;
     mThread = std::thread([this]() {
         while (mIsActive == true) {
@@ -87,6 +90,7 @@
 }
 
 void GnssMeasurement::stop() {
+    ALOGD("stop");
     mIsActive = false;
     if (mThread.joinable()) {
         mThread.join();
@@ -95,26 +99,27 @@
 
 GnssData GnssMeasurement::getMockMeasurement() {
     V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMeasurement measurement_1_0 = {
-        .flags = (uint32_t)GnssMeasurementFlags::HAS_CARRIER_FREQUENCY,
-        .svid = (int16_t)6,
-        .constellation = GnssConstellationType::GLONASS,
-        .timeOffsetNs = 0.0,
-        .receivedSvTimeInNs = 8195997131077,
-        .receivedSvTimeUncertaintyInNs = 15,
-        .cN0DbHz = 30.0,
-        .pseudorangeRateMps = -484.13739013671875,
-        .pseudorangeRateUncertaintyMps = 1.0379999876022339,
-        .accumulatedDeltaRangeState = (uint32_t)
-            V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssAccumulatedDeltaRangeState::ADR_STATE_UNKNOWN,
-        .accumulatedDeltaRangeM = 0.0,
-        .accumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyM = 0.0,
-        .carrierFrequencyHz = 1.59975e+09,
-        .multipathIndicator =
-            V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMultipathIndicator::INDICATOR_UNKNOWN};
+            .flags = (uint32_t)GnssMeasurementFlags::HAS_CARRIER_FREQUENCY,
+            .svid = (int16_t)6,
+            .constellation = V1_0::GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN,
+            .timeOffsetNs = 0.0,
+            .receivedSvTimeInNs = 8195997131077,
+            .receivedSvTimeUncertaintyInNs = 15,
+            .cN0DbHz = 30.0,
+            .pseudorangeRateMps = -484.13739013671875,
+            .pseudorangeRateUncertaintyMps = 1.0379999876022339,
+            .accumulatedDeltaRangeState = (uint32_t)V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::
+                    GnssAccumulatedDeltaRangeState::ADR_STATE_UNKNOWN,
+            .accumulatedDeltaRangeM = 0.0,
+            .accumulatedDeltaRangeUncertaintyM = 0.0,
+            .carrierFrequencyHz = 1.59975e+09,
+            .multipathIndicator =
+                    V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMultipathIndicator::INDICATOR_UNKNOWN};
     V1_1::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMeasurement measurement_1_1 = {.v1_0 = measurement_1_0};
     V2_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback::GnssMeasurement measurement_2_0 = {
             .v1_1 = measurement_1_1,
             .codeType = "C",
+            .constellation = GnssConstellationType::GLONASS,
             .state = GnssMeasurementState::STATE_CODE_LOCK | GnssMeasurementState::STATE_BIT_SYNC |
                      GnssMeasurementState::STATE_SUBFRAME_SYNC |
                      GnssMeasurementState::STATE_TOW_DECODED |
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/types.hal b/gnss/2.0/types.hal
index 21b64f9..3865727 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/types.hal
+++ b/gnss/2.0/types.hal
@@ -72,4 +72,28 @@
      * needs to be estimated by syncing the notion of time via PTP or some other mechanism.
      */
     ElapsedRealtime elapsedRealtime;
-};
\ No newline at end of file
+};
+
+/**
+ * GNSS constellation type
+ *
+ * This is to specify the navigation satellite system, for example, as listed in Section 3.5 in
+ * RINEX Version 3.04.
+ */
+enum GnssConstellationType : uint8_t {
+    UNKNOWN = 0,
+    /** Global Positioning System. */
+    GPS     = 1,
+    /** Satellite-Based Augmentation System. */
+    SBAS    = 2,
+    /** Global Navigation Satellite System. */
+    GLONASS = 3,
+    /** Quasi-Zenith Satellite System. */
+    QZSS    = 4,
+    /** BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. */
+    BEIDOU  = 5,
+    /** Galileo Navigation Satellite System. */
+    GALILEO = 6,
+    /** Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System. */
+    IRNSS   = 7,
+};
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp
index b2b62fc..da6092b 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 GnssHalTest::GnssHalTest()
     : info_called_count_(0),
       capabilities_called_count_(0),
+      measurement_corrections_capabilities_called_count_(0),
       location_called_count_(0),
       name_called_count_(0),
       notify_count_(0) {}
@@ -33,7 +34,7 @@
 void GnssHalTest::SetUp() {
     gnss_hal_ = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IGnss>(
         GnssHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IGnss>());
-    list_gnss_sv_status_.clear();
+    list_vec_gnss_sv_info_.clear();
     ASSERT_NE(gnss_hal_, nullptr);
 
     SetUpGnssCallback();
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@
     // Reset counters
     info_called_count_ = 0;
     capabilities_called_count_ = 0;
+    measurement_corrections_capabilities_called_count_ = 0;
     location_called_count_ = 0;
     name_called_count_ = 0;
     measurement_called_count_ = 0;
@@ -59,7 +61,7 @@
     gnss_cb_ = new GnssCallback(*this);
     ASSERT_NE(gnss_cb_, nullptr);
 
-    auto result = gnss_hal_->setCallback_1_1(gnss_cb_);
+    auto result = gnss_hal_->setCallback_2_0(gnss_cb_);
     if (!result.isOk()) {
         ALOGE("result of failed setCallback %s", result.description().c_str());
     }
@@ -77,16 +79,6 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(capabilities_called_count_, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(info_called_count_, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(name_called_count_, 1);
-
-    // Setup measurement corrections callback.
-    auto measurementCorrections = gnss_hal_->getExtensionMeasurementCorrections();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(measurementCorrections.isOk());
-    sp<IMeasurementCorrections> iMeasurementCorrections = measurementCorrections;
-    if (iMeasurementCorrections != nullptr) {
-        sp<IMeasurementCorrectionsCallback> iMeasurementCorrectionsCallback =
-                new GnssMeasurementCorrectionsCallback(*this);
-        iMeasurementCorrections->setCallback(iMeasurementCorrectionsCallback);
-    }
 }
 
 void GnssHalTest::StopAndClearLocations() {
@@ -193,11 +185,12 @@
         status = cv_.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(timeout_seconds));
         if (status == std::cv_status::timeout) return status;
     }
+    notify_count_--;
     return status;
 }
 
 Return<void> GnssHalTest::GnssCallback::gnssSetSystemInfoCb(
-    const IGnssCallback::GnssSystemInfo& info) {
+        const IGnssCallback_1_0::GnssSystemInfo& info) {
     ALOGI("Info received, year %d", info.yearOfHw);
     parent_.info_called_count_++;
     parent_.last_info_ = info;
@@ -248,10 +241,9 @@
     return Void();
 }
 
-Return<void> GnssHalTest::GnssCallback::gnssSvStatusCb(
-    const IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus& svStatus) {
-    ALOGI("GnssSvStatus received");
-    parent_.list_gnss_sv_status_.emplace_back(svStatus);
+Return<void> GnssHalTest::GnssCallback::gnssSvStatusCb(const IGnssCallback_1_0::GnssSvStatus&) {
+    ALOGI("gnssSvStatusCb");
+
     return Void();
 }
 
@@ -272,3 +264,11 @@
     parent_.notify();
     return Void();
 }
+
+Return<void> GnssHalTest::GnssCallback::gnssSvStatusCb_2_0(
+        const hidl_vec<IGnssCallback_2_0::GnssSvInfo>& svInfoList) {
+    ALOGI("gnssSvStatusCb_2_0. Size = %d", (int)svInfoList.size());
+    parent_.list_vec_gnss_sv_info_.emplace_back(svInfoList);
+    parent_.notify();
+    return Void();
+}
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h
index 7354aea..737815f 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h
+++ b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test.h
@@ -25,17 +25,20 @@
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
 
+using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
 using android::hardware::Return;
 using android::hardware::Void;
 
 using android::hardware::gnss::measurement_corrections::V1_0::IMeasurementCorrectionsCallback;
 using android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::GnssLocationFlags;
 using android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IGnss;
-using android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IGnssCallback;
 
 using GnssLocation_1_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::GnssLocation;
 using GnssLocation_2_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::GnssLocation;
 
+using IGnssCallback_1_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IGnssCallback;
+using IGnssCallback_2_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IGnssCallback;
+
 using IGnssMeasurementCallback_1_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback;
 using IGnssMeasurementCallback_1_1 = android::hardware::gnss::V1_1::IGnssMeasurementCallback;
 using IGnssMeasurementCallback_2_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IGnssMeasurementCallback;
@@ -77,8 +80,8 @@
     std::cv_status waitForMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilities(int timeout_seconds);
 
     /* Callback class for data & Event. */
-    class GnssCallback : public IGnssCallback {
-       public:
+    class GnssCallback : public IGnssCallback_2_0 {
+      public:
         GnssHalTest& parent_;
 
         GnssCallback(GnssHalTest& parent) : parent_(parent){};
@@ -86,7 +89,7 @@
         virtual ~GnssCallback() = default;
 
         // Dummy callback handlers
-        Return<void> gnssStatusCb(const IGnssCallback::GnssStatusValue /* status */) override {
+        Return<void> gnssStatusCb(const IGnssCallback_1_0::GnssStatusValue /* status */) override {
             return Void();
         }
         Return<void> gnssNmeaCb(int64_t /* timestamp */,
@@ -103,8 +106,8 @@
         Return<void> gnssNameCb(const android::hardware::hidl_string& name) override;
         Return<void> gnssLocationCb(const GnssLocation_1_0& location) override;
         Return<void> gnssSetCapabilitesCb(uint32_t capabilities) override;
-        Return<void> gnssSetSystemInfoCb(const IGnssCallback::GnssSystemInfo& info) override;
-        Return<void> gnssSvStatusCb(const IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus& svStatus) override;
+        Return<void> gnssSetSystemInfoCb(const IGnssCallback_1_0::GnssSystemInfo& info) override;
+        Return<void> gnssSvStatusCb(const IGnssCallback_1_0::GnssSvStatus& svStatus) override;
 
         // New in v2.0
         Return<void> gnssLocationCb_2_0(const GnssLocation_2_0& location) override;
@@ -113,6 +116,8 @@
             return Void();
         }
         Return<void> gnssSetCapabilitiesCb_2_0(uint32_t capabilities) override;
+        Return<void> gnssSvStatusCb_2_0(
+                const hidl_vec<IGnssCallback_2_0::GnssSvInfo>& svInfoList) override;
 
       private:
         Return<void> gnssLocationCbImpl(const GnssLocation_2_0& location);
@@ -198,7 +203,7 @@
     void SetPositionMode(const int min_interval_msec, const bool low_power_mode);
 
     sp<IGnss> gnss_hal_;         // GNSS HAL to call into
-    sp<IGnssCallback> gnss_cb_;  // Primary callback interface
+    sp<IGnssCallback_2_0> gnss_cb_;  // Primary callback interface
 
     // TODO: make these variables thread-safe.
     /* Count of calls to set the following items, and the latest item (used by
@@ -211,16 +216,16 @@
     int measurement_called_count_;
     int name_called_count_;
 
-    IGnssCallback::GnssSystemInfo last_info_;
+    IGnssCallback_1_0::GnssSystemInfo last_info_;
     uint32_t last_capabilities_;
     uint32_t last_measurement_corrections_capabilities_;
     GnssLocation_2_0 last_location_;
     IGnssMeasurementCallback_2_0::GnssData last_measurement_;
     android::hardware::hidl_string last_name_;
 
-    list<IGnssCallback::GnssSvStatus> list_gnss_sv_status_;
+    list<hidl_vec<IGnssCallback_2_0::GnssSvInfo>> list_vec_gnss_sv_info_;
 
-   private:
+  private:
     std::mutex mtx_;
     std::condition_variable cv_;
     int notify_count_;
diff --git a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
index f3559c5..be182a9 100644
--- a/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
+++ b/gnss/2.0/vts/functional/gnss_hal_test_cases.cpp
@@ -32,12 +32,15 @@
 using IAGnss_2_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IAGnss;
 using IAGnss_1_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IAGnss;
 using IAGnssCallback_2_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IAGnssCallback;
+using IGnssBatching_V1_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IGnssBatching;
+using IGnssBatching_V2_0 = android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IGnssBatching;
 
 using android::hardware::gnss::common::Utils;
 using android::hardware::gnss::measurement_corrections::V1_0::IMeasurementCorrections;
 using android::hardware::gnss::measurement_corrections::V1_0::MeasurementCorrections;
 using android::hardware::gnss::V1_0::IGnssNi;
 using android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::ElapsedRealtimeFlags;
+using android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::GnssConstellationType;
 using android::hardware::gnss::V2_0::IGnssCallback;
 using android::hardware::gnss::visibility_control::V1_0::IGnssVisibilityControl;
 
@@ -163,10 +166,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
- * TestGnssMeasurementCodeType:
- * Sets a GnssMeasurementCallback, waits for a measurement, and verifies the codeType is valid.
+ * TestGnssMeasurementFields:
+ * Sets a GnssMeasurementCallback, waits for a measurement, and verifies
+ * 1. codeType is valid,
+ * 2. constellation is valid.
+ * 3. state is valid.
  */
-TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementCodeType) {
+TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementFields) {
     const int kFirstGnssMeasurementTimeoutSeconds = 10;
 
     auto gnssMeasurement = gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssMeasurement_2_0();
@@ -189,7 +195,23 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(measurement_called_count_, 1);
     ASSERT_TRUE(last_measurement_.measurements.size() > 0);
     for (auto measurement : last_measurement_.measurements) {
+        // Verify CodeType is valid.
         ASSERT_NE(measurement.codeType, "");
+
+        // Verify ConstellationType is valid.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(static_cast<uint8_t>(measurement.constellation) >=
+                            static_cast<uint8_t>(GnssConstellationType::UNKNOWN) &&
+                    static_cast<uint8_t>(measurement.constellation) <=
+                            static_cast<uint8_t>(GnssConstellationType::IRNSS));
+
+        // Verify State is valid.
+        ASSERT_TRUE(
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(measurement.state) >=
+                        static_cast<uint32_t>(IGnssMeasurementCallback_2_0::GnssMeasurementState::
+                                                      STATE_UNKNOWN) &&
+                static_cast<uint32_t>(measurement.state) <=
+                        static_cast<uint32_t>(IGnssMeasurementCallback_2_0::GnssMeasurementState::
+                                                      STATE_2ND_CODE_LOCK));
     }
 
     iGnssMeasurement->close();
@@ -267,17 +289,24 @@
 
 /*
  * TestGnssMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilities:
- * If the GnssMeasurementCorrectionsExtension is not null, verifies that the measurement corrections
+ * If measurement corrections capability is supported, verifies that the measurement corrections
  * capabilities are reported and the mandatory LOS_SATS or the EXCESS_PATH_LENGTH
  * capability flag is set.
  */
 TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilities) {
+    if (!(last_capabilities_ & IGnssCallback::Capabilities::MEASUREMENT_CORRECTIONS)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto measurementCorrections = gnss_hal_->getExtensionMeasurementCorrections();
     ASSERT_TRUE(measurementCorrections.isOk());
     sp<IMeasurementCorrections> iMeasurementCorrections = measurementCorrections;
-    if (iMeasurementCorrections == nullptr) {
-        return;
-    }
+    ASSERT_NE(iMeasurementCorrections, nullptr);
+
+    // Setup measurement corrections callback.
+    sp<IMeasurementCorrectionsCallback> iMeasurementCorrectionsCallback =
+            new GnssMeasurementCorrectionsCallback(*this);
+    iMeasurementCorrections->setCallback(iMeasurementCorrectionsCallback);
 
     const int kMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilitiesTimeoutSeconds = 5;
     waitForMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilities(kMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilitiesTimeoutSeconds);
@@ -289,17 +318,23 @@
 
 /*
  * TestGnssMeasurementCorrections:
- * If the GnssMeasurementCorrectionsExtension is not null, verifies that it supports the
+ * If measurement corrections capability is supported, verifies that it supports the
  * gnss.measurement_corrections@1.0::IMeasurementCorrections interface by invoking a method.
  */
 TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssMeasurementCorrections) {
+    if (!(last_capabilities_ & IGnssCallback::Capabilities::MEASUREMENT_CORRECTIONS)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     // Verify IMeasurementCorrections is supported.
     auto measurementCorrections = gnss_hal_->getExtensionMeasurementCorrections();
     ASSERT_TRUE(measurementCorrections.isOk());
     sp<IMeasurementCorrections> iMeasurementCorrections = measurementCorrections;
-    if (iMeasurementCorrections == nullptr) {
-        return;
-    }
+    ASSERT_NE(iMeasurementCorrections, nullptr);
+
+    sp<IMeasurementCorrectionsCallback> iMeasurementCorrectionsCallback =
+            new GnssMeasurementCorrectionsCallback(*this);
+    iMeasurementCorrections->setCallback(iMeasurementCorrectionsCallback);
 
     const int kMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilitiesTimeoutSeconds = 5;
     waitForMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilities(kMeasurementCorrectionsCapabilitiesTimeoutSeconds);
@@ -337,9 +372,9 @@
     wait(kFirstGnssMeasurementTimeoutSeconds);
     EXPECT_EQ(measurement_called_count_, 1);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE((int)last_measurement_.elapsedRealtime.flags >= 0 &&
-                (int)last_measurement_.elapsedRealtime.flags <=
-                        (int)ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS);
+    ASSERT_TRUE((int)last_measurement_.elapsedRealtime.flags <=
+                (int)(ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS |
+                      ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS));
 
     // We expect a non-zero timestamp when set.
     if (last_measurement_.elapsedRealtime.flags & ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS) {
@@ -352,9 +387,9 @@
 TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssLocationElapsedRealtime) {
     StartAndCheckFirstLocation();
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE((int)last_location_.elapsedRealtime.flags >= 0 &&
-                (int)last_location_.elapsedRealtime.flags <=
-                        (int)ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS);
+    ASSERT_TRUE((int)last_location_.elapsedRealtime.flags <=
+                (int)(ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS |
+                      ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIME_UNCERTAINTY_NS));
 
     // We expect a non-zero timestamp when set.
     if (last_location_.elapsedRealtime.flags & ElapsedRealtimeFlags::HAS_TIMESTAMP_NS) {
@@ -370,3 +405,20 @@
     gnss_hal_->injectBestLocation_2_0(last_location_);
     StopAndClearLocations();
 }
+
+/*
+ * TestGnssBatchingExtension:
+ * Gets the GnssBatchingExtension and verifies that it supports either the @1.0::IGnssBatching
+ * or @2.0::IGnssBatching extension.
+ */
+TEST_F(GnssHalTest, TestGnssBatchingExtension) {
+    auto gnssBatching_V2_0 = gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssBatching_2_0();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gnssBatching_V2_0.isOk());
+
+    auto gnssBatching_V1_0 = gnss_hal_->getExtensionGnssBatching();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(gnssBatching_V1_0.isOk());
+
+    sp<IGnssBatching_V1_0> iGnssBatching_V1_0 = gnssBatching_V1_0;
+    sp<IGnssBatching_V2_0> iGnssBatching_V2_0 = gnssBatching_V2_0;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(iGnssBatching_V1_0 != nullptr || iGnssBatching_V2_0 != nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hal/include/composer-hal/2.1/ComposerResources.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hal/include/composer-hal/2.1/ComposerResources.h
index 3a73f84..18d184e 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hal/include/composer-hal/2.1/ComposerResources.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/hal/include/composer-hal/2.1/ComposerResources.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
         if (mMapper3) {
             return true;
         }
-        ALOGW_IF(!mMapper3, "failed to get mapper 3.0 service");
+        ALOGD_IF(!mMapper3, "failed to get mapper 3.0 service, falling back to mapper 2.0");
 
         mMapper2 = mapper::V2_0::IMapper::getService();
         ALOGE_IF(!mMapper2, "failed to get mapper 2.0 service");
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
     }
 
     Error lookupCache(uint32_t slot, const native_handle_t** outHandle) {
-        if (slot < mHandles.size()) {
+        if (slot >= 0 && slot < mHandles.size()) {
             *outHandle = mHandles[slot];
             return Error::NONE;
         } else {
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
 
     Error updateCache(uint32_t slot, const native_handle_t* handle,
                       const native_handle** outReplacedHandle) {
-        if (slot < mHandles.size()) {
+        if (slot >= 0 && slot < mHandles.size()) {
             auto& cachedHandle = mHandles[slot];
             *outReplacedHandle = cachedHandle;
             cachedHandle = handle;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.1/HwcHal.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.1/HwcHal.h
index 436e461..5826b12 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.1/HwcHal.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.1/HwcHal.h
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@
 
     Error destroyLayer(Display display, Layer layer) override {
         int32_t err = mDispatch.destroyLayer(mDevice, display, layer);
+        onLayerDestroyed(display, layer);
         return static_cast<Error>(err);
     }
 
@@ -327,6 +328,7 @@
                           std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>* outCompositionTypes,
                           uint32_t* outDisplayRequestMask, std::vector<Layer>* outRequestedLayers,
                           std::vector<uint32_t>* outRequestMasks) override {
+        onBeforeValidateDisplay(display);
         uint32_t typesCount = 0;
         uint32_t reqsCount = 0;
         int32_t err = mDispatch.validateDisplay(mDevice, display, &typesCount, &reqsCount);
@@ -335,17 +337,15 @@
             return static_cast<Error>(err);
         }
 
-        err = mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(mDevice, display, &typesCount, nullptr, nullptr);
+        err = getChangedCompositionTypes(display, &typesCount, nullptr, nullptr);
         if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
             return static_cast<Error>(err);
         }
 
         std::vector<Layer> changedLayers(typesCount);
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition> compositionTypes(typesCount);
-        err = mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(
-            mDevice, display, &typesCount, changedLayers.data(),
-            reinterpret_cast<std::underlying_type<IComposerClient::Composition>::type*>(
-                compositionTypes.data()));
+        err = getChangedCompositionTypes(display, &typesCount, changedLayers.data(),
+                                         compositionTypes.data());
         if (err != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
             return static_cast<Error>(err);
         }
@@ -578,6 +578,15 @@
         return true;
     }
 
+    virtual int32_t getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, uint32_t* outTypesCount,
+                                               Layer* outChangedLayers,
+                                               IComposerClient::Composition* outCompositionTypes) {
+        return getChangedCompositionTypesInternal(display, outTypesCount, outChangedLayers,
+                                                  outCompositionTypes);
+    }
+    virtual void onLayerDestroyed(Display /* display */, Layer /* layer */) {}
+    virtual void onBeforeValidateDisplay(Display /* display */) {}
+
     static void hotplugHook(hwc2_callback_data_t callbackData, hwc2_display_t display,
                             int32_t connected) {
         auto hal = static_cast<HwcHalImpl*>(callbackData);
@@ -596,6 +605,15 @@
         hal->mEventCallback->onVsync(display, timestamp);
     }
 
+    int32_t getChangedCompositionTypesInternal(Display display, uint32_t* outTypesCount,
+                                               Layer* outChangedLayers,
+                                               IComposerClient::Composition* outCompositionTypes) {
+        return mDispatch.getChangedCompositionTypes(
+                mDevice, display, outTypesCount, outChangedLayers,
+                reinterpret_cast<std::underlying_type<IComposerClient::Composition>::type*>(
+                        outCompositionTypes));
+    }
+
     hwc2_device_t* mDevice = nullptr;
 
     std::unordered_set<hwc2_capability_t> mCapabilities;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.3/HwcHal.h b/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.3/HwcHal.h
index 070cf80..e2bed95 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.3/HwcHal.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/passthrough/include/composer-passthrough/2.3/HwcHal.h
@@ -42,6 +42,20 @@
 using V2_1::Display;
 using V2_1::Error;
 
+namespace {
+
+bool isIdentityMatrix(const float* matrix) {
+    if (matrix[0] == 1.0 && matrix[1] == 0.0 && matrix[2] == 0.0 && matrix[3] == 0.0 &&
+        matrix[4] == 0.0 && matrix[5] == 1.0 && matrix[6] == 0.0 && matrix[7] == 0.0 &&
+        matrix[8] == 0.0 && matrix[9] == 0.0 && matrix[10] == 1.0 && matrix[11] == 0.0 &&
+        matrix[12] == 0.0 && matrix[13] == 0.0 && matrix[14] == 0.0 && matrix[15] == 1.0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 // HwcHalImpl implements V2_*::hal::ComposerHal on top of hwcomposer2
 template <typename Hal>
 class HwcHalImpl : public V2_2::passthrough::detail::HwcHalImpl<Hal> {
@@ -130,6 +144,16 @@
 
     Error setLayerColorTransform(Display display, Layer layer, const float* matrix) override {
         if (!mDispatch.setLayerColorTransform) {
+            if (isIdentityMatrix(matrix)) {
+                // If an identity matrix is set, then we can remove the layer from client
+                // composition list.
+                mClientCompositionLayers[display].erase(layer);
+                return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+            }
+            // if setLayerColorTransform is not implemented, per spec we want to make sure the
+            // layer marked as client composition, and thus we maintain a list, and mark all these
+            // layers as client composition later before validate the display.
+            mClientCompositionLayers[display].insert(layer);
             return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
         }
         int32_t err = mDispatch.setLayerColorTransform(mDevice, display, layer, matrix);
@@ -294,7 +318,79 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-   private:
+    int32_t getChangedCompositionTypes(Display display, uint32_t* outTypesCount,
+                                       Layer* outChangedLayers,
+                                       IComposerClient::Composition* outCompositionTypes) override {
+        if (outChangedLayers == nullptr && outCompositionTypes == nullptr) {
+            uint32_t typesCount = 0;
+            int32_t error = BaseType2_1::getChangedCompositionTypesInternal(display, &typesCount,
+                                                                            nullptr, nullptr);
+            if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+                return error;
+            }
+            mChangedLayersCache[display].resize(typesCount);
+            mCompositionTypesCache[display].resize(typesCount);
+            error = BaseType2_1::getChangedCompositionTypesInternal(
+                    display, &typesCount, mChangedLayersCache[display].data(),
+                    mCompositionTypesCache[display].data());
+            if (error != HWC2_ERROR_NONE) {
+                return error;
+            }
+            for (Layer layer : mClientCompositionLayers[display]) {
+                bool exist = false;
+                for (uint32_t i = 0; i < typesCount; ++i) {
+                    if (mChangedLayersCache[display][i] == layer) {
+                        exist = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!exist) {
+                    mChangedLayersCache[display].push_back(layer);
+                    mCompositionTypesCache[display].push_back(IComposerClient::Composition::CLIENT);
+                }
+            }
+            *outTypesCount = mChangedLayersCache[display].size();
+            return error;
+        }
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < *outTypesCount; ++i) {
+            if (outChangedLayers != nullptr) {
+                outChangedLayers[i] = mChangedLayersCache[display][i];
+            }
+            if (outCompositionTypes != nullptr) {
+                outCompositionTypes[i] = mCompositionTypesCache[display][i];
+            }
+        }
+        return HWC2_ERROR_NONE;
+    }
+
+    void onLayerDestroyed(Display display, Layer layer) override {
+        if (mClientCompositionLayers.find(display) == mClientCompositionLayers.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mClientCompositionLayers[display].erase(layer);
+    }
+
+    void onBeforeValidateDisplay(Display display) override {
+        if (mClientCompositionLayers.find(display) == mClientCompositionLayers.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // clear the cache proactively so that we don't hold too much memory over time.
+        mChangedLayersCache[display].clear();
+        mCompositionTypesCache[display].clear();
+
+        // SET_LAYER_COLOR_TRANSFORM is optional, and thus if it's not implemented, we need to
+        // follow the spec to make sure those layers marked as client composition before validate
+        // the display.
+        if (!mDispatch.setLayerColorTransform) {
+            for (Layer layer : mClientCompositionLayers[display]) {
+                BaseType2_1::setLayerCompositionType(
+                        display, layer, static_cast<int32_t>(IComposerClient::Composition::CLIENT));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+  private:
     struct {
         HWC2_PFN_GET_DISPLAY_IDENTIFICATION_DATA getDisplayIdentificationData;
         HWC2_PFN_SET_LAYER_COLOR_TRANSFORM setLayerColorTransform;
@@ -318,6 +414,9 @@
     using BaseType2_2::getRenderIntents;
     using BaseType2_2::setColorMode_2_2;
     using BaseType2_2::setLayerPerFrameMetadata;
+    std::map<Display, std::set<Layer>> mClientCompositionLayers;
+    std::map<Display, std::vector<Layer>> mChangedLayersCache;
+    std::map<Display, std::vector<IComposerClient::Composition>> mCompositionTypesCache;
 };
 
 }  // namespace detail
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.hal b/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.hal
index 4566135..0e18f42 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.hal
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.hal
@@ -147,6 +147,9 @@
      * outside of accessRegion is undefined, except that it must not cause
      * process termination.
      *
+     * An accessRegion of all-zeros means the entire buffer. That is, it is
+     * equivalent to '(0,0)-(buffer width, buffer height)'.
+     *
      * data will be filled with a pointer to the locked buffer memory. This
      * address will represent the top-left corner of the entire buffer, even
      * if accessRegion does not begin at the top-left corner.
diff --git a/health/1.0/types.hal b/health/1.0/types.hal
index 377d1bd..90b8bb1 100644
--- a/health/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/health/1.0/types.hal
@@ -190,7 +190,13 @@
     /** Remaining battery capacity in percent */
     int32_t batteryLevel;
 
-    /** Instantaneous battery voltage in uV */
+    /**
+     * Instantaneous battery voltage in millivolts (mV).
+     *
+     * Historically, the unit of this field is microvolts (uV), but all
+     * clients and implementations uses millivolts in practice, making it
+     * the de-facto standard.
+     */
     int32_t batteryVoltage;
 
     /** Instantaneous battery temperature in tenths of degree celcius */
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/support/keymaster_utils.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/support/keymaster_utils.cpp
index 729e1c1..e35fdd3 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/support/keymaster_utils.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/support/keymaster_utils.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 namespace hardware {
 
 inline static bool operator<(const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& a, const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& b) {
-    return memcmp(a.data(), b.data(), std::min(a.size(), b.size())) == -1;
+    auto result = memcmp(a.data(), b.data(), std::min(a.size(), b.size()));
+    if (!result) return a.size() < b.size();
+    return result < 0;
 }
 
 template <size_t SIZE>
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index 2e76604..fc96724 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -172,6 +172,20 @@
     "E78E70BEFE930DB34818EE4D5C26259F5C6B8E28A652950F9F88D7B4B2C9"
     "D9");
 
+string ec_256_key_rfc5915 =
+        hex2str("308193020100301306072a8648ce3d020106082a8648ce3d030107047930"
+                "770201010420782370a8c8ce5537baadd04dcff079c8158cfa9c67b818b3"
+                "8e8d21c9fa750c1da00a06082a8648ce3d030107a14403420004e2cc561e"
+                "e701da0ad0ef0d176bb0c919d42e79c393fdc1bd6c4010d85cf2cf8e68c9"
+                "05464666f98dad4f01573ba81078b3428570a439ba3229fbc026c550682f");
+
+string ec_256_key_sec1 =
+        hex2str("308187020100301306072a8648ce3d020106082a8648ce3d030107046d30"
+                "6b0201010420782370a8c8ce5537baadd04dcff079c8158cfa9c67b818b3"
+                "8e8d21c9fa750c1da14403420004e2cc561ee701da0ad0ef0d176bb0c919"
+                "d42e79c393fdc1bd6c4010d85cf2cf8e68c905464666f98dad4f01573ba8"
+                "1078b3428570a439ba3229fbc026c550682f");
+
 struct RSA_Delete {
     void operator()(RSA* p) { RSA_free(p); }
 };
@@ -2026,6 +2040,56 @@
 }
 
 /*
+ * ImportKeyTest.EcdsaP256RFC5915Success
+ *
+ * Verifies that importing and using an ECDSA P-256 key pair encoded using RFC5915 works correctly.
+ */
+TEST_F(ImportKeyTest, EcdsaP256RFC5915Success) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ImportKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                               .EcdsaSigningKey(256)
+                                               .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256),
+                                       KeyFormat::PKCS8, ec_256_key_rfc5915));
+
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_ALGORITHM, Algorithm::EC);
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_KEY_SIZE, 256U);
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_DIGEST, Digest::SHA_2_256);
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_EC_CURVE, EcCurve::P_256);
+
+    CheckOrigin();
+
+    string message(32, 'a');
+    auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256);
+    string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
+    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ImportKeyTest.EcdsaP256SEC1Success
+ *
+ * Verifies that importing and using an ECDSA P-256 key pair encoded using SEC1 works correctly.
+ */
+TEST_F(ImportKeyTest, EcdsaP256SEC1Success) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, ImportKey(AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                                               .Authorization(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED)
+                                               .EcdsaSigningKey(256)
+                                               .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256),
+                                       KeyFormat::PKCS8, ec_256_key_sec1));
+
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_ALGORITHM, Algorithm::EC);
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_KEY_SIZE, 256U);
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_DIGEST, Digest::SHA_2_256);
+    CheckCryptoParam(TAG_EC_CURVE, EcCurve::P_256);
+
+    CheckOrigin();
+
+    string message(32, 'a');
+    auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256);
+    string signature = SignMessage(message, params);
+    VerifyMessage(message, signature, params);
+}
+
+/*
  * ImportKeyTest.Ecdsa521Success
  *
  * Verifies that importing and using an ECDSA P-521 key pair works correctly.
diff --git a/media/c2/1.0/Android.bp b/media/c2/1.0/Android.bp
index 7307a81..895e9db 100644
--- a/media/c2/1.0/Android.bp
+++ b/media/c2/1.0/Android.bp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
         "android.hardware.media.omx@1.0",
         "android.hardware.media@1.0",
         "android.hidl.base@1.0",
+        "android.hidl.safe_union@1.0",
     ],
     gen_java: false,
 }
diff --git a/media/c2/1.0/types.hal b/media/c2/1.0/types.hal
index ec422b1..f4f6f2f 100644
--- a/media/c2/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/media/c2/1.0/types.hal
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 package android.hardware.media.c2@1.0;
 
 import android.hardware.media.bufferpool@2.0::BufferStatusMessage;
+import android.hidl.safe_union@1.0::Monostate;
 
 /**
  * Common return values for Codec2 operations.
@@ -190,89 +191,68 @@
  */
 typedef uint64_t PrimitiveValue;
 
+/**
+ * Description of a set of values.
+ *
+ * If the `step` member is 0, and `num` and `denom` are both 1, the `Range`
+ * structure represents a closed interval bounded by `min` and `max`.
+ *
+ * Otherwise, the #ValueRange structure represents a finite sequence of numbers
+ * produced from the following recurrence relation:
+ *
+ * @code
+ * v[0] = min
+ * v[i] = v[i - 1] * num / denom + step ; i >= 1
+ * @endcode
+ *
+ * Both the ratio `num / denom` and the value `step` must be positive. The
+ * last number in the sequence described by this #Range structure is the
+ * largest number in the sequence that is smaller than or equal to `max`.
+ *
+ * @note
+ * The division in the formula may truncate the result if the data type of
+ * these values is an integral type.
+ */
+struct ValueRange {
+    /**
+     * Lower end of the range (inclusive).
+     */
+    PrimitiveValue min;
+    /**
+     * Upper end of the range (inclusive).
+     */
+    PrimitiveValue max;
+    /**
+     * The non-homogeneous term in the recurrence relation.
+     */
+    PrimitiveValue step;
+    /**
+     * The numerator of the scale coefficient in the recurrence relation.
+     */
+    PrimitiveValue num;
+    /**
+     * The denominator of the scale coefficient in the recurrence relation.
+     */
+    PrimitiveValue denom;
+};
+
 /*
  * Description of supported values for a field.
  *
  * This can be a continuous range or a discrete set of values.
+ *
+ * The intended type of values must be made clear in the context where
+ * `FieldSupportedValues` is used.
  */
-struct FieldSupportedValues {
-    /**
-     * Used if #type is `RANGE`.
-     *
-     * If the `step` member is 0, and `num` and `denom` are both 1, the `Range`
-     * structure represents a closed interval bounded by `min` and `max`.
-     *
-     * Otherwise, the #Range structure represents a finite sequence of numbers
-     * produced from the following recurrence relation:
-     *
-     * @code
-     * v[0] = min
-     * v[i] = v[i - 1] * num / denom + step ; i >= 1
-     * @endcode
-     *
-     * Both the ratio `num / denom` and the value `step` must be positive. The
-     * last number in the sequence described by this #Range structure is the
-     * largest number in the sequence that is smaller than or equal to `max`.
-     *
-     * @note
-     * The division in the formula may truncate the result if the data type of
-     * these values is an integral type.
-     */
-    struct Range {
-        /**
-         * Lower end of the range (inclusive).
-         */
-        PrimitiveValue min;
-        /**
-         * Upper end of the range (inclusive).
-         */
-        PrimitiveValue max;
-        /**
-         * The non-homogeneous term in the recurrence relation.
-         */
-        PrimitiveValue step;
-        /**
-         * The numerator of the scale coefficient in the recurrence relation.
-         */
-        PrimitiveValue num;
-        /**
-         * The denominator of the scale coefficient in the recurrence relation.
-         */
-        PrimitiveValue denom;
-    };
-
-    enum Type : int32_t {
-        /** No supported values */
-        EMPTY = 0,
-        /** Numeric range, described in a #Range structure */
-        RANGE,
-        /** List of values */
-        VALUES,
-        /** List of flags that can be OR-ed */
-        FLAGS,
-    };
-    /**
-     * Type of the supported values.
-     */
-    Type type;
-
-    /**
-     * When #type is #Type.RANGE, #range shall specify the range of possible
-     * values.
-     *
-     * The intended type of members of #range shall be clear in the context
-     * where `FieldSupportedValues` is used.
-     */
-    Range range;
-
-    /**
-     * When #type is #Type.VALUES or #Type.FLAGS, #value shall list supported
-     * values/flags.
-     *
-     * The intended type of components of #value shall be clear in the context
-     * where `FieldSupportedValues` is used.
-     */
+safe_union FieldSupportedValues {
+    /** No supported values */
+    Monostate empty;
+    /** Numeric range, described in a #ValueRange structure */
+    ValueRange range;
+    /** List of values */
     vec<PrimitiveValue> values;
+    /** List of flags that can be OR-ed */
+    vec<PrimitiveValue> flags;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
index f5cb0d7..c819b52 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/vts/functional/GeneratedTestHarness.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 using ::test_helper::MixedTyped;
 using ::test_helper::MixedTypedExample;
 using ::test_helper::resize_accordingly;
+using HidlToken = hidl_array<uint8_t, static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN)>;
 
 template <typename T>
 void copy_back_(std::map<int, std::vector<T>>* dst, const std::vector<RequestArgument>& ra,
@@ -124,9 +125,9 @@
     ADD_FAILURE() << "asking for burst execution at V1_0";
     return nullptr;
 }
-static std::unique_ptr<::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController> CreateBurst(
+static std::shared_ptr<::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController> CreateBurst(
         const sp<V1_2::IPreparedModel>& preparedModel) {
-    return ::android::nn::createExecutionBurstController(preparedModel, /*blocking=*/true);
+    return ::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController::create(preparedModel, /*blocking=*/true);
 }
 enum class Executor { ASYNC, SYNC, BURST };
 enum class OutputType { FULLY_SPECIFIED, UNSPECIFIED, INSUFFICIENT };
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@
                 SCOPED_TRACE("burst");
 
                 // create burst
-                const std::unique_ptr<::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController> controller =
+                const std::shared_ptr<::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController> controller =
                         CreateBurst(preparedModel);
                 ASSERT_NE(nullptr, controller.get());
 
@@ -540,7 +541,8 @@
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus = device->prepareModel_1_2(
-        model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, preparedModelCallback);
+            model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, hidl_vec<hidl_handle>(),
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle>(), HidlToken(), preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus));
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/IDevice.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.2/IDevice.hal
index b9fa388..d83f9e6 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/IDevice.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/IDevice.hal
@@ -76,6 +76,17 @@
     getType() generates (ErrorStatus status, DeviceType type);
 
     /**
+     * Gets the capabilities of a driver.
+     *
+     * @return status Error status of the call, must be:
+     *                - NONE if successful
+     *                - DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE if driver is offline or busy
+     *                - GENERAL_FAILURE if there is an unspecified error
+     * @return capabilities Capabilities of the driver.
+     */
+    getCapabilities_1_2() generates (ErrorStatus status, Capabilities capabilities);
+
+    /**
      * Gets information about extensions supported by the driver implementation.
      *
      * All extension operations and operands must be fully supported for the
@@ -113,44 +124,83 @@
             generates (ErrorStatus status, vec<bool> supportedOperations);
 
     /**
-     * Gets whether the driver supports compilation caching.
+     * Gets the caching requirements of the driver implementation.
      *
-     * isCachingSupported indicates whether the driver supports compilation caching.
-     * Even if so, the driver may still choose not to cache certain compiled models.
+     * There are two types of cache file descriptors provided to the driver: model cache
+     * and data cache.
      *
-     * If the device reports the caching is not supported, the user may avoid calling
-     * IDevice::prepareModelFromCache and IPreparedModel::saveToCache.
+     * The data cache is for caching constant data, possibly including preprocessed
+     * and transformed tensor buffers. Any modification to the data cache should
+     * have no worse effect than generating bad output values at execution time.
+     *
+     * The model cache is for caching security-sensitive data such as compiled
+     * executable machine code in the device's native binary format. A modification
+     * to the model cache may affect the driver's execution behavior, and a malicious
+     * client could make use of this to execute beyond the granted permission. Thus,
+     * the driver must always check whether the model cache is corrupted before
+     * preparing the model from cache.
+     *
+     * getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded returns how many of each type of cache files the driver
+     * implementation needs to cache a single prepared model. Returning 0 for both types
+     * indicates compilation caching is not supported by this driver. The driver may
+     * still choose not to cache certain compiled models even if it reports that caching
+     * is supported.
+     *
+     * If the device reports that caching is not supported, the user may avoid calling
+     * IDevice::prepareModelFromCache or providing cache file descriptors to
+     * IDevice::prepareModel_1_2.
      *
      * @return status Error status of the call, must be:
      *     - NONE if successful
      *     - DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE if driver is offline or busy
      *     - GENERAL_FAILURE if there is an unspecified error
-     * @return supported A boolean indicating whether the driver supports compilation
-     *                   caching. Even on returning true, the driver may still choose
-     *                   not to cache certain compiled models.
+     * @return numModelCache An unsigned integer indicating how many files for model cache
+     *                       the driver needs to cache a single prepared model. It must
+     *                       be less than or equal to Constant::MAX_NUMBER_OF_CACHE_FILES.
+     * @return numDataCache An unsigned integer indicating how many files for data cache
+     *                      the driver needs to cache a single prepared model. It must
+     *                      be less than or equal to Constant::MAX_NUMBER_OF_CACHE_FILES.
      */
-    isCachingSupported() generates (ErrorStatus status, bool supported);
+    getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded()
+            generates (ErrorStatus status, uint32_t numModelCache, uint32_t numDataCache);
 
     /**
-     * Creates a prepared model for execution.
+     * Asynchronously creates a prepared model for execution and optionally saves it
+     * into cache files.
      *
-     * prepareModel is used to make any necessary transformations or alternative
+     * prepareModel is used to make any necessary transformations to or alternative
      * representations to a model for execution, possibly including
      * transformations on the constant data, optimization on the model's graph,
      * or compilation into the device's native binary format. The model itself
      * is not changed.
      *
+     * Optionally, caching information may be provided for the driver to save
+     * the prepared model to cache files for faster model compilation time
+     * when the same model preparation is requested in the future. There are
+     * two types of cache file handles provided to the driver: model cache
+     * and data cache. For more information on the two types of cache handles,
+     * refer to getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded.
+     *
+     * The file descriptors must be opened with read and write permission. A file may
+     * have any size, and the corresponding file descriptor may have any offset. The
+     * driver must truncate a file to zero size before writing to that file. The file
+     * descriptors may be closed by the client once the asynchronous preparation has
+     * finished. The driver must dup a file descriptor if it wants to get access to
+     * the cache file later.
+     *
      * The model is prepared asynchronously with respect to the caller. The
-     * prepareModel function must verify the inputs to the prepareModel function
-     * are correct. If there is an error, prepareModel must immediately invoke
+     * prepareModel function must verify the inputs to the preparedModel function
+     * related to preparing the model (as opposed to saving the prepared model to
+     * cache) are correct. If there is an error, prepareModel must immediately invoke
      * the callback with the appropriate ErrorStatus value and nullptr for the
-     * IPreparedModel, then return with the same ErrorStatus. If the inputs to
-     * the prepareModel function are valid and there is no error, prepareModel
-     * must launch an asynchronous task to prepare the model in the background,
-     * and immediately return from prepareModel with ErrorStatus::NONE. If the
-     * asynchronous task fails to launch, prepareModel must immediately invoke
-     * the callback with ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE and nullptr for the
-     * IPreparedModel, then return with ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE.
+     * IPreparedModel, then return with the same ErrorStatus. If the inputs to the
+     * prepareModel function that are related to preparing the model are valid and
+     * there is no error, prepareModel must launch an asynchronous task
+     * to prepare the model in the background, and immediately return from
+     * prepareModel with ErrorStatus::NONE. If the asynchronous task fails to launch,
+     * prepareModel must immediately invoke the callback with
+     * ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE and nullptr for the IPreparedModel, then return
+     * with ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE.
      *
      * When the asynchronous task has finished preparing the model, it must
      * immediately invoke the callback function provided as an input to
@@ -160,6 +210,14 @@
      * the callback object must be invoked with the appropriate ErrorStatus
      * value and nullptr for the IPreparedModel.
      *
+     * Optionally, the driver may save the prepared model to cache during the
+     * asynchronous preparation. Any error that occurs when saving to cache must
+     * not affect the status of preparing the model. Even if the input arguments
+     * related to the cache may be invalid, or the driver may fail to save to cache,
+     * the prepareModel function must finish preparing the model. The driver
+     * may choose not to save to cache even if the caching information is
+     * provided and valid.
+     *
      * The only information that may be unknown to the model at this stage is
      * the shape of the tensors, which may only be known at execution time. As
      * such, some driver services may return partially prepared models, where
@@ -173,6 +231,26 @@
      * @param model The model to be prepared for execution.
      * @param preference Indicates the intended execution behavior of a prepared
      *     model.
+     * @param modelCache A vector of handles with each entry holding exactly one
+     *     cache file descriptor for the security-sensitive cache. The length of
+     *     the vector must either be 0 indicating that caching information is not provided,
+     *     or match the numModelCache returned from getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded. The cache
+     *     handles will be provided in the same order when retrieving the
+     *     preparedModel from cache files with prepareModelFromCache.
+     * @param dataCache A vector of handles with each entry holding exactly one
+     *     cache file descriptor for the constants' cache. The length of
+     *     the vector must either be 0 indicating that caching information is not provided,
+     *     or match the numDataCache returned from getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded. The cache
+     *     handles will be provided in the same order when retrieving the
+     *     preparedModel from cache files with prepareModelFromCache.
+     * @param token A caching token of length Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN
+     *     identifying the prepared model. The same token will be provided when retrieving
+     *     the prepared model from the cache files with prepareModelFromCache.
+     *     Tokens should be chosen to have a low rate of collision for a particular
+     *     application. The driver cannot detect a collision; a collision will result
+     *     in a failed execution or in a successful execution that produces incorrect
+     *     output values. If both modelCache and dataCache are empty indicating that
+     *     caching information is not provided, this token must be ignored.
      * @param callback A callback object used to return the error status of
      *     preparing the model for execution and the prepared model if
      *     successful, nullptr otherwise. The callback object's notify function
@@ -182,9 +260,12 @@
      *     - NONE if preparation task is successfully launched
      *     - DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE if driver is offline or busy
      *     - GENERAL_FAILURE if there is an unspecified error
-     *     - INVALID_ARGUMENT if one of the input arguments is invalid
+     *     - INVALID_ARGUMENT if one of the input arguments related to preparing the
+     *       model is invalid
      */
     prepareModel_1_2(Model model, ExecutionPreference preference,
+                     vec<handle> modelCache, vec<handle> dataCache,
+                     uint8_t[Constant:BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN] token,
                      IPreparedModelCallback callback)
           generates (ErrorStatus status);
 
@@ -192,22 +273,17 @@
      * Creates a prepared model from cache files for execution.
      *
      * prepareModelFromCache is used to retrieve a prepared model directly from
-     * cache files to avoid slow model compilation time. There are exactly two
-     * cache file descriptors provided to the driver: modelCache and dataCache.
+     * cache files to avoid slow model compilation time. There are
+     * two types of cache file handles provided to the driver: model cache
+     * and data cache. For more information on the two types of cache handles,
+     * refer to getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded.
      *
-     * The dataCache is for caching constant data, possibly including preprocessed
-     * and transformed tensor buffers. Any modification to the dataCache should
-     * have no worse effect than generating bad output values at execution time.
-     *
-     * The modelCache is for caching security-sensitive data such as compiled
-     * executable machine code in the device's native binary format. A modification
-     * to the modelCache may affect the driver's execution behavior, and a malicious
-     * client could make use of this to execute beyond the granted permission. Thus,
-     * the driver must always check whether the modelCache is corrupted before preparing
-     * the model from cache.
-     *
-     * The two file descriptors may be closed by the client once the asynchronous
-     * preparation has finished. The driver has to copy all the data it needs.
+     * The file descriptors must be opened with read and write permission. A file may
+     * have any size, and the corresponding file descriptor may have any offset. The
+     * driver must truncate a file to zero size before writing to that file. The file
+     * descriptors may be closed by the client once the asynchronous preparation has
+     * finished. The driver must dup a file descriptor if it wants to get access to
+     * the cache file later.
      *
      * The model is prepared asynchronously with respect to the caller. The
      * prepareModelFromCache function must verify the inputs to the
@@ -241,13 +317,17 @@
      * used with different shapes of inputs on different (possibly concurrent)
      * executions.
      *
-     * @param modelCache A handle holding exactly one cache file descriptor for the
-     *     security-sensitive cache.
-     * @param dataCache A handle holding exactly one cache file descriptor for the
-     *     constants' cache.
+     * @param modelCache A vector of handles with each entry holding exactly one
+     *     cache file descriptor for the security-sensitive cache. The length of
+     *     the vector must match the numModelCache returned from getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded.
+     *     The cache handles will be provided in the same order as with prepareModel_1_2.
+     * @param dataCache A vector of handles with each entry holding exactly one
+     *     cache file descriptor for the constants' cache. The length of the vector
+     *     must match the numDataCache returned from getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded.
+     *     The cache handles will be provided in the same order as with prepareModel_1_2.
      * @param token A caching token of length Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN
      *     identifying the prepared model. It is the same token provided when saving
-     *     the cache files with IPreparedModel::saveToCache. Tokens should be chosen
+     *     the cache files with prepareModel_1_2. Tokens should be chosen
      *     to have a low rate of collision for a particular application. The driver
      *     cannot detect a collision; a collision will result in a failed execution
      *     or in a successful execution that produces incorrect output values.
@@ -263,7 +343,7 @@
      *       unspecified error
      *     - INVALID_ARGUMENT if one of the input arguments is invalid
      */
-    prepareModelFromCache(handle modelCache, handle dataCache,
+    prepareModelFromCache(vec<handle> modelCache, vec<handle> dataCache,
                           uint8_t[Constant:BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN] token,
                           IPreparedModelCallback callback)
             generates (ErrorStatus status);
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/IPreparedModel.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.2/IPreparedModel.hal
index 757d5f1..5d2d80f 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/IPreparedModel.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/IPreparedModel.hal
@@ -157,62 +157,4 @@
                             fmq_sync<FmqRequestDatum> requestChannel,
                             fmq_sync<FmqResultDatum> resultChannel)
                  generates (ErrorStatus status, IBurstContext context);
-
-    /*
-     * Saves the prepared model to cache files.
-     *
-     * saveToCache is used to save a prepared model to cache files for faster
-     * model compilation time when the same model preparation is requested in
-     * the future. There are exactly two cache file descriptors provided to the
-     * driver: modelCache and dataCache.
-     *
-     * The dataCache is for caching constant data, possibly including preprocessed
-     * and transformed tensor buffers. Any modification to the dataCache should
-     * have no worse effect than generating bad output values at execution time.
-     *
-     * The modelCache is for caching security-sensitive data such as compiled
-     * executable machine code in the device's native binary format. A modification
-     * to the modelCache may affect the driver's execution behavior, and a malicious
-     * client could make use of this to execute beyond the granted permission. Thus,
-     * the driver must always check whether the modelCache is corrupted before preparing
-     * the model from cache.
-     *
-     * The two file descriptors must point to two zero-length files with offset
-     * positioned at the beginning of the file. The file descriptors may be closed
-     * by the client once the method has returned.
-     *
-     * If the driver decides not to save the prepared model without looking at the
-     * input arguments to the saveToCache function, saveToCache must return with
-     * ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE. Otherwise, the saveToCache function must verify
-     * the input arguments to the saveToCache function are valid, and return with
-     * ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT if not. If the inputs are valid but the driver
-     * could not save the prepared model, saveToCache must return with the appropriate
-     * ErrorStatus. Otherwise, it must write the cache files and return
-     * ErrorStatus::NONE. Unless saveToCache returns ErrorStatus::NONE, the contents
-     * of the cache files are undefined.
-     *
-     * @param modelCache A handle holding exactly one cache file descriptor for the
-     *                   security-sensitive cache.
-     * @param dataCache A handle holding exactly one cache file descriptor for the
-     *                  constants' cache.
-     * @param token A caching token of length Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN
-     *              identifying the prepared model. The same token will be provided
-     *              when retrieving the prepared model from cache files with
-     *              IDevice::prepareModelFromCache. Tokens should be chosen to have
-     *              a low rate of collision for a particular application. The driver
-     *              cannot detect a collision; a collision will result in a failed
-     *              execution or in a successful execution that produces incorrect
-     *              output values.
-     * @return status Error status of saveToCache, must be:
-     *                - NONE if saveToCache is performed successfully
-     *                - DEVICE_UNAVAILABLE if driver is offline or busy
-     *                - GENERAL_FAILURE if the driver could not save the
-     *                  prepared model or if there is an unspecified error
-     *                - INVALID_ARGUMENT if one of the input arguments is invalid,
-     *                  unless the driver decides not to save the prepared model
-     *                  without looking at the input arguments
-     */
-    saveToCache(handle modelCache, handle dataCache,
-                uint8_t[Constant:BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN] token)
-        generates (ErrorStatus status);
 };
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal
index f2e02b8..67a61c1 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal
@@ -30,6 +30,11 @@
      * The byte size of the cache token.
      */
     BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN = 32,
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum number of files for each type of cache in compilation caching.
+     */
+    MAX_NUMBER_OF_CACHE_FILES = 32,
 };
 
 enum OperandType : @1.0::OperandType {
@@ -182,6 +187,10 @@
      *     input2.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 1}
      *     output.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 2}
      *
+     * Since API level 29, generic zero-sized input tensor is supported. Zero
+     * dimension is only compatible with 0 or 1. The size of the output
+     * dimension is zero if either of corresponding input dimension is zero.
+     *
      * Supported tensor {@link OperandType}:
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} (since API level 29)
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
@@ -231,7 +240,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (explicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the padding on
      *      the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
      * * 2: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the padding on
@@ -257,7 +267,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (implicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the implicit
      *      padding scheme, has to be one of the
      *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
@@ -304,6 +315,7 @@
      *            Before API level 29, all input tensors of
      *            {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
      *            must have the same scale and zeroPoint as the output tensor.
+     *            Since API level 29, zero-sized tensors are supported.
      * * n: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the
      *      concatenation axis.
      *
@@ -361,7 +373,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (explicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in],
-     *      specifying the input.
+     *      specifying the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported
+     *      for this tensor.
      * * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape
      *      [depth_out, filter_height, filter_width, depth_in], specifying the
      *      filter. For tensor of type
@@ -408,7 +421,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (implicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth_in],
-     *      specifying the input.
+     *      specifying the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported
+     *      for this tensor.
      * * 1: A 4-D tensor, of shape
      *      [depth_out, filter_height, filter_width, depth_in], specifying the
      *      filter. For tensor of type
@@ -450,11 +464,10 @@
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape
-     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out]. For output tensor of
-     *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the following condition
-     *      must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale (for
-     *      filter tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_SYMM_PER_CHANNEL}
-     *      this condition must be true for all filter scales).
+     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out]. Before API level 29,
+     *      for output tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the
+     *      following condition must be satisfied:
+     *      output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale
      *
      * Available since API level 27.
      */
@@ -600,11 +613,10 @@
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape
-     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out]. For output tensor of
-     *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the following condition
-     *      must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale (for
-     *      filter tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_SYMM_PER_CHANNEL}
-     *      this condition must be true for all filter scales).
+     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out]. Before API level 29,
+     *      for output tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the
+     *      following condition must be satisfied:
+     *      output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale
      *
      * Available since API level 27.
      */
@@ -672,7 +684,7 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor.
+     * * 0: A tensor. Since API level 29, this tensor may be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: A tensor with the same shape as input0.
@@ -765,7 +777,8 @@
      *      [batch_size, input_size], where "input_size" corresponds to the
      *      number of inputs to the layer, matching the second dimension of
      *      weights, and "batch_size" is calculated by dividing the number of
-     *      elements by "input_size".
+     *      elements by "input_size". Since API level 29, zero batch_size is
+     *      supported for this tensor.
      * * 1: A 2-D tensor, specifying the weights, of shape
      *      [num_units, input_size], where "num_units" corresponds to the number
      *      of output nodes.
@@ -780,10 +793,10 @@
      *      invoke on the result.
      *
      * Outputs:
-     * * 0: The output tensor, of shape [batch_size, num_units]. For output
-     *      tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the following
-     *      condition must be satisfied:
-     *      output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale.
+     * * 0: The output tensor, of shape [batch_size, num_units]. Before API
+     *      level 29, For output tensor of {@link
+     *      OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the following condition must be
+     *      satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale.
      *
      * Available since API level 27.
      */
@@ -861,6 +874,7 @@
      * Supported tensor {@link OperandType}:
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} (since API level 29)
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
+     * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM} (since API level 29)
      *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      * Tensors with rank less than 4 are only supported since API level 29.
@@ -875,6 +889,8 @@
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: A tensor of the same {@link OperandType} and same shape as input0.
+     *      For {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM},
+     *      the scale must be 1.f / 128 and the zeroPoint must be 128.
      *
      * Available since API level 27.
      */
@@ -905,7 +921,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (explicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the padding on
      *      the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
      * * 2: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the padding on
@@ -931,7 +948,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (implicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the implicit
      *      padding scheme, has to be one of the
      *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
@@ -1021,7 +1039,8 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. Since API level 29, this tensor may
+     *      be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
@@ -1169,8 +1188,11 @@
      *   value if the recurrent projection layer exists, and should otherwise
      *   have no value.
      * * (API level >= 29) The four layer normalization weights either all have
-     *   values or none of them have values. Layer normalization is used when
-     *   values are present.
+     *   values or none of them have values. Additionally, if CIFG is used,
+     *   input layer normalization weights tensor is omitted and the other layer
+     *   normalization weights either all have values or none of them have
+     *   values. Layer normalization is used when the values of all the layer
+     *   normalization weights are present.
      *
      * References:
      *
@@ -1333,7 +1355,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (explicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the padding on
      *      the left, in the ‘width’ dimension.
      * * 2: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the padding on
@@ -1359,7 +1382,8 @@
      *
      * Inputs (implicit padding):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the implicit
      *      padding scheme, has to be one of the
      *      following values: {0 (NONE), 1 (SAME), 2 (VALID)}.
@@ -1406,6 +1430,10 @@
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}
      *
+     * Since API level 29, generic zero-sized input tensor is supported. Zero
+     * dimension is only compatible with 0 or 1. The size of the output
+     * dimension is zero if either of corresponding input dimension is zero.
+     *
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4
      *
      * Inputs:
@@ -1441,7 +1469,8 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. Since API level 29, this tensor may
+     *      be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
@@ -1465,7 +1494,8 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. Since API level 29, this tensor may
+     *      be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
@@ -1489,7 +1519,8 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. Since API level 29, this tensor may
+     *      be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
@@ -1541,9 +1572,12 @@
      * [batch, height, width, channels]. Alternatively, the data layout could
      * be NCHW, the data storage order of: [batch, channels, height, width].
      *
-     * Inputs:
+     * Both resizing by shape and resizing by scale are supported.
+     *
+     * Inputs (resizing by shape):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Since API level 29, zero batches is supported for this
+     *      tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the output
      *      height of the output tensor.
      * * 2: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the output
@@ -1552,6 +1586,24 @@
      *      Set to true to specify NCHW data layout for input0 and output0.
      *      Available since API level 29.
      *
+     * Inputs (resizing by scale, since API level 29):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
+     *      the input. Zero batches is supported for this tensor.
+     * * 1: A scalar, specifying height_scale, the scaling factor of the height
+     *      dimension from the input tensor to the output tensor. The output
+     *      height is calculated as new_height = floor(height * height_scale).
+     *      The scalar must be of {@link OperandType::FLOAT16} if input0 is
+     *      of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} and of
+     *      {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} otherwise.
+     * * 2: A scalar, specifying width_scale, the scaling factor of the width
+     *      dimension from the input tensor to the output tensor. The output
+     *      width is calculated as new_width = floor(width * width_scale).
+     *      The scalar must be of {@link OperandType::FLOAT16} if input0 is
+     *      of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} and of
+     *      {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} otherwise.
+     * * 3: An optional {@link OperandType::BOOL} scalar, default to false.
+     *      Set to true to specify NCHW data layout for input0 and output0.
+     *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape
      *      [batches, new_height, new_width, depth].
@@ -1637,7 +1689,8 @@
      * Tensors with rank other than 2 or 4 are only supported since API level 29.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A 2-D or 4-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped.
+     * * 0: A 2-D or 4-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be reshaped. Since
+     *      API level 29, this tensor may be zero-sized.
      * * 1: A scalar, specifying the positive scaling factor for the exponent,
      *      beta. If input0 is of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32} or
      *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the scalar must be of
@@ -1795,7 +1848,8 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: up to 4.
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input.
+     * * 0: A tensor, specifying the input. Since API level 29, this tensor may
+     *      be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0.
@@ -1862,6 +1916,10 @@
      *     input2.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 1}
      *     output.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 2}
      *
+     * Since API level 29, generic zero-sized input tensor is supported. Zero
+     * dimension is only compatible with 0 or 1. The size of the output
+     * dimension is zero if either of corresponding input dimension is zero.
+     *
      * Supported tensor {@link OperandType}:
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} (since API level 29)
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
@@ -2095,6 +2153,10 @@
      *     input2.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 1}
      *     output.dimension = {5, 4, 3, 2}
      *
+     * Since API level 29, generic zero-sized input tensor is supported. Zero
+     * dimension is only compatible with 0 or 1. The size of the output
+     * dimension is zero if either of corresponding input dimension is zero.
+     *
      * Supported tensor {@link OperandType}:
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} (since API level 29)
      * * {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}
@@ -2135,6 +2197,7 @@
      *
      * Inputs:
      * * 0: An n-D tensor, specifying the tensor to be transposed.
+     *      Since API level 29, this tensor may be zero-sized.
      * * 1: An optional 1-D Tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32},
      *      the permutation of the dimensions of the input tensor.
      *
@@ -2231,7 +2294,8 @@
      * * 0: A 2-D Tensor of shape [num_rois, 4], specifying the locations of the
      *      bounding box proposals, each line with format [x1, y1, x2, y2].
      *      For tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT16_ASYMM},
-     *      the zeroPoint must be 0 and the scale must be 0.125.
+     *      the zeroPoint must be 0 and the scale must be 0.125. Zero num_rois
+     *      is supported for this tensor.
      * * 1: A 2-D Tensor of shape [num_rois, num_classes * 4], specifying the
      *      bounding box delta for each region of interest and each class. The
      *      bounding box deltas are organized in the following order
@@ -2240,10 +2304,12 @@
      *      and height, dw and dh is the log-scale relative correction factor
      *      for the width and height. For input0 of type
      *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT16_ASYMM}, this tensor should be
-     *      of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}.
+     *      of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}. Zero num_rois is
+     *      supported for this tensor.
      * * 2: An 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor, of shape
      *      [num_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes with
-     *      the same batch index are grouped together.
+     *      the same batch index are grouped together. Zero num_rois is
+     *      supported for this tensor.
      * * 3: A 2-D Tensor of shape [batches, 2], specifying the information of
      *      each image in the batch, each line with format
      *      [image_height, image_width].
@@ -2272,113 +2338,113 @@
      * Inputs:
      * * 0: The input.
      *      A 3-D tensor of shape:
-     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, output_size]
-     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, output_size]
+     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, input_size]
+     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, input_size]
      *      where "max_time" is the number of timesteps (sequence length),
      *      "batch_size" corresponds to the batching dimension, and
      *      "input_size" is the size of the input.
      * * 1: The forward input-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size], where “num_units”
-     *      corresponds to the number of cell units.
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size], where “fw_num_units”
+     *      corresponds to the number of forward cell units.
      * * 2: The forward input-to-forget weights.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 3: The forward input-to-cell weights.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 4: The forward input-to-output weights.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 5: The forward recurrent-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size], where “output_size”
-     *      corresponds to either the number of cell units (i.e., “num_units”),
-     *      or the second dimension of the “projection_weights”, if defined.
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, fw_output_size], where “fw_output_size”
+     *      corresponds to either the number of cell units (i.e., fw_num_units),
+     *      or the second dimension of the “fw_projection_weights”, if defined.
      * * 6: The forward recurrent-to-forget weights.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size].
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, fw_output_size].
      * * 7: The forward recurrent-to-cell weights.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size].
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, fw_output_size].
      * * 8: The forward recurrent-to-output weights.
-     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size].
+     *      A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, fw_output_size].
      * * 9: The forward cell-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *      A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *      A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 10: The forward cell-to-forget weights. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 11: The forward cell-to-output weights. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 12: The forward input gate bias. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 13: The forward forget gate bias.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 14: The forward cell gate bias.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 15: The forward output gate bias.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units].
      * * 16: The forward projection weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [output_size, num_units].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_output_size, fw_num_units].
      * * 17: The forward projection bias. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [output_size].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_output_size].
      * * 18: The backward input-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size], where “num_units”
-     *       corresponds to the number of cell units.
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size], where “bw_num_units”
+     *       corresponds to the number of backward cell units.
      * * 19: The backward input-to-forget weights.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 20: The backward input-to-cell weights.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 21: The backward input-to-output weights.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 22: The backward recurrent-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size], where “output_size”
-     *       corresponds to either the number of cell units (i.e., “num_units”),
-     *       or the second dimension of the “projection_weights”, if defined.
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, bw_output_size], where “bw_output_size”
+     *       corresponds to either the number of cell units (i.e., “bw_num_units”),
+     *       or the second dimension of the “bw_projection_weights”, if defined.
      * * 23: The backward recurrent-to-forget weights.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, bw_output_size].
      * * 24: The backward recurrent-to-cell weights.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, bw_output_size].
      * * 25: The backward recurrent-to-output weights.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, output_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, bw_output_size].
      * * 26: The backward cell-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 27: The backward cell-to-forget weights. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 28: The backward cell-to-output weights. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 29: The backward input gate bias. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 30: The backward forget gate bias.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 31: The backward cell gate bias.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 32: The backward output gate bias.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units].
      * * 33: The backward projection weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [output_size, num_units].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_output_size, bw_num_units].
      * * 34: The backward projection bias. Optional.
-     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [output_size].
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_output_size].
      * * 35: The forward input activation state.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, output_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, bw_output_size].
      * * 36: The forward input cell state.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, num_units].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, bw_num_units].
      * * 37: The backward input activation state.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, output_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, bw_output_size].
      * * 38: The backward input cell state.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, num_units].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [batch_size, bw_num_units].
      * * 39: The auxiliary input. Optional.
      *       A 3-D tensor of shape [max_time, batch_size, input_size], where “batch_size”
      *       corresponds to the batching dimension, and “input_size” is the size
      *       of the input.
      * * 40: The forward auxiliary input-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 41: The forward auxiliary input-to-forget weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 42: The forward auxiliary input-to-cell weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 43: The forward auxiliary input-to-output weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 44: The backward auxiliary input-to-input weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 45: The backward auxiliary input-to-forget weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 46: The backward auxiliary input-to-cell weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 47: The backward auxiliary input-to-output weights. Optional.
-     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [num_units, input_size].
+     *       A 2-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units, input_size].
      * * 48: The activation function.
      *       A value indicating the activation function:
      *       <ul>
@@ -2410,16 +2476,46 @@
      * * 52: time_major
      *       An {@link OperandType::BOOL} scalar specifying the shape format
      *       of input and output tensors.
+     * * 53: The forward input layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at input gate.
+     * * 54: The forward forget layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at forget gate.
+     * * 55: The forward cell layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at cell gate.
+     * * 56: The forward output layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [fw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at output gate.
+     * * 57: The backward input layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at input gate.
+     * * 58: The backward forget layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at forget gate.
+     * * 59: The backward cell layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at cell gate.
+     * * 60: The backward output layer normalization weights. Optional.
+     *       A 1-D tensor of shape [bw_num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
+     *       to activation at output gate.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The forward output.
      *      A 3-D tensor of shape:
-     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, output_size]
-     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, output_size]
+     *        If time-major and not merge_outputs:
+     *          [max_time, batch_size, fw_output_size]
+     *        If time-major and merge_outputs:
+     *          [max_time, batch_size, fw_output_size + bw_output_size]
+     *        If batch-major and not merge_outputs:
+     *          [batch_size, max_time, fw_output_size]
+     *        If batch-major and merge_outputs:
+     *          [batch_size, max_time, fw_output_size + bw_output_size]
      * * 1: The backward output.  Unused if merge_outputs is true.
      *      A 3-D tensor of shape:
-     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, output_size]
-     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, output_size]
+     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, bw_output_size]
+     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, bw_output_size]
      *
      * Available since API level 29.
      */
@@ -2547,10 +2643,17 @@
     /**
      * Greedily selects a subset of bounding boxes in descending order of score.
      *
-     * This op applies hard NMS algorithm to each class. In each loop of
-     * execution, the box with maximum score gets selected, and any boxes with
-     * the intersection-over-union (IOU) greater than a threshold are removed
-     * from the pending set.
+     * This op applies NMS algorithm to each class. In each loop of execution,
+     * the box with maximum score gets selected and removed from the pending set.
+     * The scores of the rest of boxes are lowered according to the
+     * intersection-over-union (IOU) overlapping with the previously selected
+     * boxes and a specified NMS kernel method. Any boxes with score less
+     * than a threshold are removed from the pending set.
+     *
+     * Three NMS kernels are supported:
+     * * Hard:     score_new = score_old * (1 if IoU < threshold else 0)
+     * * Linear:   score_new = score_old * (1 if IoU < threshold else 1 - IoU)
+     * * Gaussian: score_new = score_old * exp(- IoU^2 / sigma)
      *
      * Axis-aligned bounding boxes are represented by its upper-left corner
      * coordinate (x1,y1) and lower-right corner coordinate (x2,y2). A valid
@@ -2564,25 +2667,34 @@
      * Inputs:
      * * 0: A 2-D Tensor of shape [num_rois, num_classes], specifying the score
      *      of each bounding box proposal. The boxes are grouped by batches in the
-     *      first dimension.
+     *      first dimension. Zero num_rois is supported for this tensor.
      * * 1: A 2-D Tensor specifying the bounding boxes of shape
      *      [num_rois, num_classes * 4], organized in the order [x1, y1, x2, y2].
      *      The boxes are grouped by batches in the first dimension. The sequential
      *      order of the boxes corresponds with input0. For input0 of type
      *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, this tensor should be of
      *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT16_ASYMM}, with zeroPoint of 0 and
-     *      scale of 0.125.
+     *      scale of 0.125. Zero num_rois is supported for this tensor.
      * * 2: A 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor, of shape
      *      [num_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes with
      *      the same batch index are grouped together.
      * * 3: An {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} scalar, score_threshold. Boxes
      *      with scores lower than the threshold are filtered before sending
      *      to the NMS algorithm.
-     * * 4: An {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} scalar, specifying the IoU
-     *      threshold.
-     * * 5: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the maximum
+     * * 4: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the maximum
      *      number of selected bounding boxes for each image. Set to a negative
      *      value for unlimited number of output bounding boxes.
+     * * 5: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the NMS
+     *      kernel method, options are 0:hard, 1:linear, 2:gaussian.
+     * * 6: An {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} scalar, specifying the IoU
+     *      threshold in hard and linear NMS kernel. This field is ignored if
+     *      gaussian kernel is selected.
+     * * 7: An {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} scalar, specifying the sigma in
+     *      gaussian NMS kernel. This field is ignored if gaussian kernel is
+     *      not selected.
+     * * 8: An {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} scalar, nms_score_threshold.
+     *      Boxes with scores lower than the threshold are dropped during the
+     *      score updating phase in soft NMS.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: A 1-D Tensor of the same {@link OperandType} as input0, with shape
@@ -2600,8 +2712,8 @@
      *      [num_output_rois], specifying the class of each output box. The
      *      sequential order of the boxes corresponds with output0.
      * * 3: A 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor, of shape
-     *      [num_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes with
-     *      the same batch index are grouped together.
+     *      [num_output_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes
+     *      with the same batch index are grouped together.
      *
      * Available since API level 29.
      */
@@ -2937,8 +3049,8 @@
      *      For type of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT16_ASYMM}, the
      *      scale must be 0.125 and the zero point must be 0.
      * * 2: A 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor, of shape
-     *      [num_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes with
-     *      the same batch index are grouped together.
+     *      [num_output_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes
+     *      with the same batch index are grouped together.
      *
      * Available since API level 29.
      */
@@ -3122,11 +3234,7 @@
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape
-     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out]. For output tensor of
-     *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the following condition
-     *      must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale (for
-     *      filter tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_SYMM_PER_CHANNEL}
-     *      this condition must be true for all filter scales).
+     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out].
      *
      * Available since API level 29.
      */
@@ -3608,7 +3716,7 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: from 1
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: A tensor.
+     * * 0: A tensor, may be zero-sized.
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output tensor of same shape as input0, but with
@@ -3940,10 +4048,12 @@
      *      the regions of interest, each line with format [x1, y1, x2, y2].
      *      For input0 of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM},
      *      this tensor should be of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT16_ASYMM},
-     *      with zeroPoint of 0 and scale of 0.125.
+     *      with zeroPoint of 0 and scale of 0.125. Zero num_rois is
+     *      supported for this tensor.
      * * 2: An 1-D {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} tensor, of shape
      *      [num_rois], specifying the batch index of each box. Boxes with
-     *      the same batch index are grouped together.
+     *      the same batch index are grouped together. Zero num_rois is
+     *      supported for this tensor.
      * * 3: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the output
      *      height of the output tensor.
      * * 4: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the output
@@ -4108,7 +4218,7 @@
      * Supported tensor rank: from 1
      *
      * Inputs:
-     * * 0: An n-D tensor to take slice from.
+     * * 0: An n-D tensor to take slice from, may be zero-sized.
      * * 1: A 1-D tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} specifying
      *      the beginning indices of the slice in each dimension.
      * * 2: A 1-D tensor of type {@link OperandType::TENSOR_INT32} specifying
@@ -4331,11 +4441,7 @@
      *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape
-     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out]. For output tensor of
-     *      {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM}, the following condition
-     *      must be satisfied: output_scale > input_scale * filter_scale (for
-     *      filter tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_SYMM_PER_CHANNEL}
-     *      this condition must be true for all filter scales).
+     *      [batches, out_height, out_width, depth_out].
      *
      * Available since API level 29.
      */
@@ -4367,9 +4473,9 @@
      * Inputs:
      * * 0: The input (\f$x_t\f$).
      *      A 3-D tensor of shape:
-     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, output_size]
-     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, output_size]
-     *      where “max_size” is the number of timesteps (sequence length),
+     *        If time-major: [max_time, batch_size, input_size]
+     *        If batch-major: [batch_size, max_time, input_size]
+     *      where “max_time” is the number of timesteps (sequence length),
      *      “batch_size” corresponds to the batching dimension, and
      *      “input_size” is the size of the input.
      * * 1: The input-to-input weights (\f$W_{xi}\f$). Optional.
@@ -4429,16 +4535,16 @@
      *      projection layer, such that values are bound within
      *      [-proj_clip, proj_clip]. If set to 0.0 then clipping is disabled.
      * * 23:Time-major if true, batch-major if false.
-     * * 24:The input layer normalization weights.
+     * * 24:The input layer normalization weights. Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
      *      to activation at input gate.
-     * * 25:The forget layer normalization weights.
+     * * 25:The forget layer normalization weights. Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
      *      to activation at forget gate.
-     * * 26:The cell layer normalization weights.
+     * * 26:The cell layer normalization weights. Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
      *      to activation at cell gate.
-     * * 27:The output layer normalization weights.
+     * * 27:The output layer normalization weights. Optional.
      *      A 1-D tensor of shape [num_units]. Used to rescale normalized inputs
      *      to activation at output gate.
      *
@@ -4526,9 +4632,11 @@
      * [batch, height, width, channels]. Alternatively, the data layout could
      * be NCHW, the data storage order of: [batch, channels, height, width].
      *
-     * Inputs:
+     * Both resizing by shape and resizing by scale are supported.
+     *
+     * Inputs (resizing by shape):
      * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
-     *      the input.
+     *      the input. Zero batches is supported for this tensor.
      * * 1: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the output
      *      height of the output tensor.
      * * 2: An {@link OperandType::INT32} scalar, specifying the output
@@ -4536,6 +4644,24 @@
      * * 3: An {@link OperandType::BOOL} scalar, default to false.
      *      Set to true to specify NCHW data layout for input0 and output0.
      *
+     * Inputs (resizing by scale):
+     * * 0: A 4-D tensor, of shape [batches, height, width, depth], specifying
+     *      the input. Zero batches is supported for this tensor.
+     * * 1: A scalar, specifying height_scale, the scaling factor of the height
+     *      dimension from the input tensor to the output tensor. The output
+     *      height is calculated as new_height = floor(height * height_scale).
+     *      The scalar must be of {@link OperandType::FLOAT16} if input0 is
+     *      of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} and of
+     *      {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} otherwise.
+     * * 2: A scalar, specifying width_scale, the scaling factor of the width
+     *      dimension from the input tensor to the output tensor. The output
+     *      width is calculated as new_width = floor(width * width_scale).
+     *      The scalar must be of {@link OperandType::FLOAT16} if input0 is
+     *      of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT16} and of
+     *      {@link OperandType::FLOAT32} otherwise.
+     * * 3: An {@link OperandType::BOOL} scalar, default to false.
+     *      Set to true to specify NCHW data layout for input0 and output0.
+     *
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The output 4-D tensor, of shape
      *      [batches, new_height, new_width, depth].
@@ -4593,6 +4719,39 @@
 };
 
 /**
+ * The capabilities of a driver.
+ *
+ * Performance of an operation comes from the type of its first operand.
+ * This represents performance for non extension operand types.
+ */
+struct Capabilities {
+    /**
+     * Driver performance when operating on float32 data but performing
+     * calculations with range and/or precision as low as that of the IEEE
+     * 754 16-bit floating-point format.
+     */
+    PerformanceInfo relaxedFloat32toFloat16PerformanceScalar;
+    PerformanceInfo relaxedFloat32toFloat16PerformanceTensor;
+
+    /**
+     * Driver performance when operating on a particular data type.
+     * In the case of float32 data, this is used when the calculations
+     * are not relaxed.
+     */
+    struct OperandPerformance {
+        OperandType type;
+        PerformanceInfo info;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Performance by operand type. Must be sorted by OperandType.
+     * If a particular OperandType is not present in operandPerformance,
+     * its performance is treated as { .execTime = FLT_MAX, .powerUsage = FLT_MAX }.
+     */
+    vec<OperandPerformance> operandPerformance;
+};
+
+/**
  * Describes one operation of the model's graph.
  */
 struct Operation {
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp
index 365a750..5c269df 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/BasicTests.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 namespace vts {
 namespace functional {
 
-using V1_1::Capabilities;
+using V1_0::PerformanceInfo;
 
 // create device test
 TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, CreateDevice) {}
@@ -37,6 +37,31 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(DeviceStatus::AVAILABLE, static_cast<DeviceStatus>(status));
 }
 
+// initialization
+TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, GetCapabilitiesTest) {
+    using OperandPerformance = Capabilities::OperandPerformance;
+    Return<void> ret = device->getCapabilities_1_2([](ErrorStatus status,
+                                                      const Capabilities& capabilities) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status);
+
+        auto isPositive = [](const PerformanceInfo& perf) {
+            return perf.execTime > 0.0f && perf.powerUsage > 0.0f;
+        };
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(isPositive(capabilities.relaxedFloat32toFloat16PerformanceScalar));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(isPositive(capabilities.relaxedFloat32toFloat16PerformanceTensor));
+        const auto& opPerf = capabilities.operandPerformance;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::all_of(
+                opPerf.begin(), opPerf.end(),
+                [isPositive](const OperandPerformance& a) { return isPositive(a.info); }));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::is_sorted(opPerf.begin(), opPerf.end(),
+                                   [](const OperandPerformance& a, const OperandPerformance& b) {
+                                       return a.type < b.type;
+                                   }));
+    });
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
+}
+
 // device version test
 TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, GetDeviceVersionStringTest) {
     Return<void> ret = device->getVersionString([](ErrorStatus status, const hidl_string& version) {
@@ -77,10 +102,15 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
-// isCachingSupported test
-TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, IsCachingSupported) {
-    Return<void> ret = device->isCachingSupported(
-            [](ErrorStatus status, bool) { EXPECT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status); });
+// getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded test
+TEST_F(NeuralnetworksHidlTest, getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded) {
+    Return<void> ret = device->getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded(
+            [](ErrorStatus status, uint32_t numModelCache, uint32_t numDataCache) {
+                EXPECT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status);
+                EXPECT_LE(numModelCache,
+                          static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::MAX_NUMBER_OF_CACHE_FILES));
+                EXPECT_LE(numDataCache, static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::MAX_NUMBER_OF_CACHE_FILES));
+            });
     EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 }  // namespace functional
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
index 00989e5..167fc09 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
@@ -54,29 +54,39 @@
 [[maybe_unused]] auto dummy_createTestModel = createTestModel_dynamic_output_shape;
 [[maybe_unused]] auto dummy_get_examples = get_examples_dynamic_output_shape;
 
-enum class AccessMode { READ_ONLY, WRITE_ONLY };
+enum class AccessMode { READ_WRITE, READ_ONLY, WRITE_ONLY };
 
-void createCacheHandle(const std::vector<std::string>& files, AccessMode mode,
-                       hidl_handle* handle) {
-    std::vector<int> fds;
-    for (const auto& file : files) {
-        int fd;
-        if (mode == AccessMode::READ_ONLY) {
-            fd = open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
-        } else if (mode == AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY) {
-            fd = open(file.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
-        } else {
-            FAIL();
+// Creates cache handles based on provided file groups.
+// The outer vector corresponds to handles and the inner vector is for fds held by each handle.
+void createCacheHandles(const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>& fileGroups,
+                        const std::vector<AccessMode>& mode, hidl_vec<hidl_handle>* handles) {
+    handles->resize(fileGroups.size());
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fileGroups.size(); i++) {
+        std::vector<int> fds;
+        for (const auto& file : fileGroups[i]) {
+            int fd;
+            if (mode[i] == AccessMode::READ_ONLY) {
+                fd = open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+            } else if (mode[i] == AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY) {
+                fd = open(file.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+            } else if (mode[i] == AccessMode::READ_WRITE) {
+                fd = open(file.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+            } else {
+                FAIL();
+            }
+            ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+            fds.push_back(fd);
         }
-        ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
-        fds.push_back(fd);
+        native_handle_t* cacheNativeHandle = native_handle_create(fds.size(), 0);
+        ASSERT_NE(cacheNativeHandle, nullptr);
+        std::copy(fds.begin(), fds.end(), &cacheNativeHandle->data[0]);
+        (*handles)[i].setTo(cacheNativeHandle, /*shouldOwn=*/true);
     }
-    native_handle_t* cacheNativeHandle = native_handle_create(fds.size(), 0);
-    ASSERT_NE(cacheNativeHandle, nullptr);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fds.size(); i++) {
-        cacheNativeHandle->data[i] = fds[i];
-    }
-    handle->setTo(cacheNativeHandle, /*shouldOwn=*/true);
+}
+
+void createCacheHandles(const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>& fileGroups, AccessMode mode,
+                        hidl_vec<hidl_handle>* handles) {
+    createCacheHandles(fileGroups, std::vector<AccessMode>(fileGroups.size(), mode), handles);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -88,38 +98,43 @@
         NeuralnetworksHidlTest::SetUp();
         ASSERT_NE(device.get(), nullptr);
 
-        // Create cache directory. The cache directory and cache files are always created to test
-        // the behavior of prepareModelFromCache, even when caching is not supported.
+        // Create cache directory. The cache directory and a temporary cache file is always created
+        // to test the behavior of prepareModelFromCache, even when caching is not supported.
         char cacheDirTemp[] = "/data/local/tmp/TestCompilationCachingXXXXXX";
         char* cacheDir = mkdtemp(cacheDirTemp);
         ASSERT_NE(cacheDir, nullptr);
         mCacheDir = cacheDir;
+        mCacheDir.push_back('/');
 
-        // Create empty cache files.
-        mCache1 = mCacheDir + "/cache1";
-        mCache2 = mCacheDir + "/cache2";
-        mCache3 = mCacheDir + "/cache3";
-        // A dummy handle, use AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY for createCacheHandle to create files.
-        hidl_handle handle;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1, mCache2, mCache3}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &handle);
-
-        // Check if caching is supported.
-        bool isCachingSupported;
-        Return<void> ret = device->isCachingSupported(
-                [&isCachingSupported](ErrorStatus status, bool supported) {
+        Return<void> ret = device->getNumberOfCacheFilesNeeded(
+                [this](ErrorStatus status, uint32_t numModelCache, uint32_t numDataCache) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status);
-                    isCachingSupported = supported;
+                    mNumModelCache = numModelCache;
+                    mNumDataCache = numDataCache;
                 });
         EXPECT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
-        if (isCachingSupported) {
-            mIsCachingSupported = true;
-        } else {
+        mIsCachingSupported = mNumModelCache > 0 || mNumDataCache > 0;
+
+        // Create empty cache files.
+        mTmpCache = mCacheDir + "tmp";
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+            mModelCache.push_back({mCacheDir + "model" + std::to_string(i)});
+        }
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+            mDataCache.push_back({mCacheDir + "data" + std::to_string(i)});
+        }
+        // Dummy handles, use AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY for createCacheHandles to create files.
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelHandle, dataHandle, tmpHandle;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &modelHandle);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &dataHandle);
+        createCacheHandles({{mTmpCache}}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &tmpHandle);
+
+        if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
             LOG(INFO) << "NN VTS: Early termination of test because vendor service does not "
                          "support compilation caching.";
             std::cout << "[          ]   Early termination of test because vendor service does not "
                          "support compilation caching."
                       << std::endl;
-            mIsCachingSupported = false;
         }
     }
 
@@ -127,22 +142,49 @@
         // The tmp directory is only removed when the driver reports caching not supported,
         // otherwise it is kept for debugging purpose.
         if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
-            remove(mCache1.c_str());
-            remove(mCache2.c_str());
-            remove(mCache3.c_str());
+            remove(mTmpCache.c_str());
             rmdir(mCacheDir.c_str());
         }
         NeuralnetworksHidlTest::TearDown();
     }
 
-    void saveModelToCache(sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel, const hidl_handle& cache1,
-                          const hidl_handle& cache2, ErrorStatus* status) {
-        // Save IPreparedModel to cache.
+    void saveModelToCache(const V1_2::Model& model, const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& modelCache,
+                          const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& dataCache, bool* supported,
+                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr) {
+        if (preparedModel != nullptr) *preparedModel = nullptr;
+
+        // See if service can handle model.
+        bool fullySupportsModel = false;
+        Return<void> supportedCall = device->getSupportedOperations_1_2(
+                model,
+                [&fullySupportsModel, &model](ErrorStatus status, const hidl_vec<bool>& supported) {
+                    ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, status);
+                    ASSERT_EQ(supported.size(), model.operations.size());
+                    fullySupportsModel = std::all_of(supported.begin(), supported.end(),
+                                                     [](bool valid) { return valid; });
+                });
+        ASSERT_TRUE(supportedCall.isOk());
+        *supported = fullySupportsModel;
+        if (!fullySupportsModel) return;
+
+        // Launch prepare model.
+        sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
         hidl_array<uint8_t, sizeof(mToken)> cacheToken(mToken);
-        Return<ErrorStatus> saveToCacheStatus =
-                preparedModel->saveToCache(cache1, cache2, cacheToken);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(saveToCacheStatus.isOk());
-        *status = static_cast<ErrorStatus>(saveToCacheStatus);
+        Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
+                device->prepareModel_1_2(model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, modelCache,
+                                         dataCache, cacheToken, preparedModelCallback);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
+        ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus), ErrorStatus::NONE);
+
+        // Retrieve prepared model.
+        preparedModelCallback->wait();
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModelCallback->getStatus(), ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        if (preparedModel != nullptr) {
+            *preparedModel =
+                    V1_2::IPreparedModel::castFrom(preparedModelCallback->getPreparedModel())
+                            .withDefault(nullptr);
+        }
     }
 
     bool checkEarlyTermination(ErrorStatus status) {
@@ -157,14 +199,27 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    void prepareModelFromCache(const hidl_handle& cache1, const hidl_handle& cache2,
+    bool checkEarlyTermination(bool supported) {
+        if (!supported) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "NN VTS: Early termination of test because vendor service cannot "
+                         "prepare model that it does not support.";
+            std::cout << "[          ]   Early termination of test because vendor service cannot "
+                         "prepare model that it does not support."
+                      << std::endl;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void prepareModelFromCache(const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& modelCache,
+                               const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& dataCache,
                                sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel, ErrorStatus* status) {
         // Launch prepare model from cache.
         sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
         hidl_array<uint8_t, sizeof(mToken)> cacheToken(mToken);
-        Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
-                device->prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, cacheToken, preparedModelCallback);
+        Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus = device->prepareModelFromCache(
+                modelCache, dataCache, cacheToken, preparedModelCallback);
         ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
         if (static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus) != ErrorStatus::NONE) {
             *preparedModel = nullptr;
@@ -179,49 +234,54 @@
                                  .withDefault(nullptr);
     }
 
+    // Absolute path to the temporary cache directory.
     std::string mCacheDir;
-    std::string mCache1;
-    std::string mCache2;
-    std::string mCache3;
+
+    // Groups of file paths for model and data cache in the tmp cache directory, initialized with
+    // outer_size = mNum{Model|Data}Cache, inner_size = 1. The outer vector corresponds to handles
+    // and the inner vector is for fds held by each handle.
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> mModelCache;
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> mDataCache;
+
+    // A separate temporary file path in the tmp cache directory.
+    std::string mTmpCache;
+
     uint8_t mToken[static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN)] = {};
-    bool mIsCachingSupported;
+    uint32_t mNumModelCache;
+    uint32_t mNumDataCache;
+    uint32_t mIsCachingSupported;
 };
 
 TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, CacheSavingAndRetrieval) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
     sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-        } else {
-            if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) return;
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
-        }
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
     }
 
     // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
     {
         preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
             ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
             ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
             return;
+        } else if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+            return;
         } else {
             ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
             ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
@@ -238,41 +298,54 @@
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
     sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-        } else {
-            if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) return;
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        uint8_t dummyBytes[] = {0, 0};
+        // Write a dummy integer to the cache.
+        // The driver should be able to handle non-empty cache and non-zero fd offset.
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < modelCache.size(); i++) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(write(modelCache[i].getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyBytes,
+                            sizeof(dummyBytes)),
+                      sizeof(dummyBytes));
         }
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dataCache.size(); i++) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(
+                    write(dataCache[i].getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyBytes, sizeof(dummyBytes)),
+                    sizeof(dummyBytes));
+        }
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
     }
 
     // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
     {
         preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         uint8_t dummyByte = 0;
-        // Advance offset by one byte.
-        ASSERT_GE(read(cache1.getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 0);
-        ASSERT_GE(read(cache2.getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 0);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        // Advance the offset of each handle by one byte.
+        // The driver should be able to handle non-zero fd offset.
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < modelCache.size(); i++) {
+            ASSERT_GE(read(modelCache[i].getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 0);
+        }
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < dataCache.size(); i++) {
+            ASSERT_GE(read(dataCache[i].getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 0);
+        }
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
             ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
             ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
             return;
+        } else if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+            return;
         } else {
             ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
             ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
@@ -285,234 +358,512 @@
                                            /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
 }
 
+TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidNumCache) {
+    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
+    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+
+    // Test with number of model cache files greater than mNumModelCache.
+    {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pass an additional cache file for model cache.
+        mModelCache.push_back({mTmpCache});
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache.pop_back();
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of model cache files smaller than mNumModelCache.
+    if (mModelCache.size() > 0) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pop out the last cache file.
+        auto tmp = mModelCache.back();
+        mModelCache.pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache.push_back(tmp);
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of data cache files greater than mNumDataCache.
+    {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pass an additional cache file for data cache.
+        mDataCache.push_back({mTmpCache});
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache.pop_back();
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of data cache files smaller than mNumDataCache.
+    if (mDataCache.size() > 0) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pop out the last cache file.
+        auto tmp = mDataCache.back();
+        mDataCache.pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache.push_back(tmp);
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidNumCache) {
+    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
+    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+
+    // Save the compilation to cache.
+    {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of model cache files greater than mNumModelCache.
+    {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        mModelCache.push_back({mTmpCache});
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache.pop_back();
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of model cache files smaller than mNumModelCache.
+    if (mModelCache.size() > 0) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        auto tmp = mModelCache.back();
+        mModelCache.pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache.push_back(tmp);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of data cache files greater than mNumDataCache.
+    {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        mDataCache.push_back({mTmpCache});
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache.pop_back();
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Test with number of data cache files smaller than mNumDataCache.
+    if (mDataCache.size() > 0) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        auto tmp = mDataCache.back();
+        mDataCache.pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache.push_back(tmp);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+}
+
 TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidNumFd) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
-    // cache1 with invalid NumFd.
-    {
+    // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
+        mModelCache[i].push_back(mTmpCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache[i].pop_back();
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1, mCache3}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
         }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 
-    // cache2 with invalid NumFd.
-    {
+    // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd equal to 0.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
+        auto tmp = mModelCache[i].back();
+        mModelCache[i].pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache[i].push_back(tmp);
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2, mCache3}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
         }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Go through each handle in data cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
+        mDataCache[i].push_back(mTmpCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache[i].pop_back();
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Go through each handle in data cache, test with NumFd equal to 0.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
+        auto tmp = mDataCache[i].back();
+        mDataCache[i].pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache[i].push_back(tmp);
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidNumFd) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
-        }
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
     }
 
-    // cache1 with invalid NumFd.
-    {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
+    // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1, mCache3}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        mModelCache[i].push_back(mTmpCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache[i].pop_back();
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
             ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
         }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 
-    // cache2 with invalid NumFd.
-    {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
+    // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd equal to 0.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2, mCache3}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        auto tmp = mModelCache[i].back();
+        mModelCache[i].pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mModelCache[i].push_back(tmp);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
             ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
-            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
         }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Go through each handle in data cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        mDataCache[i].push_back(mTmpCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache[i].pop_back();
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    // Go through each handle in data cache, test with NumFd equal to 0.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        ErrorStatus status;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        auto tmp = mDataCache[i].back();
+        mDataCache[i].pop_back();
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        mDataCache[i].push_back(tmp);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidAccessMode) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
+    std::vector<AccessMode> modelCacheMode(mNumModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
+    std::vector<AccessMode> dataCacheMode(mNumDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
 
-    // cache1 with invalid access mode.
-    {
+    // Go through each handle in model cache, test with invalid access mode.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        modelCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_ONLY;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, modelCacheMode, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, dataCacheMode, &dataCache);
+        modelCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_WRITE;
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 
-    // cache2 with invalid access mode.
-    {
+    // Go through each handle in data cache, test with invalid access mode.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        dataCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_ONLY;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, modelCacheMode, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, dataCacheMode, &dataCache);
+        dataCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_WRITE;
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Execute and verify results.
+        generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                                               get_examples(),
+                                               testModel.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                                               /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+        // Check if prepareModelFromCache fails.
+        preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+        if (status != ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidAccessMode) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
+    std::vector<AccessMode> modelCacheMode(mNumModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
+    std::vector<AccessMode> dataCacheMode(mNumDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (status != ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
-        }
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
     }
 
-    // cache1 with invalid access mode.
-    {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
+    // Go through each handle in model cache, test with invalid access mode.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        modelCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, modelCacheMode, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, dataCacheMode, &dataCache);
+        modelCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_WRITE;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
         ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 
-    // cache2 with invalid access mode.
-    {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
+    // Go through each handle in data cache, test with invalid access mode.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        dataCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, modelCacheMode, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, dataCacheMode, &dataCache);
+        dataCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_WRITE;
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
         ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidOffset) {
-    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
-
-    // cache1 with invalid file descriptor offset.
-    {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        uint8_t dummyByte = 0;
-        // Advance offset by one byte.
-        ASSERT_EQ(write(cache1.getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 1);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-    }
-
-    // cache2 with invalid file descriptor offset.
-    {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        uint8_t dummyByte = 0;
-        // Advance offset by one byte.
-        ASSERT_EQ(write(cache2.getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 1);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidFileSize) {
-    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
-
-    // cache1 with invalid file size.
-    {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        uint8_t dummyByte = 0;
-        // Write one byte and seek back to the beginning.
-        ASSERT_EQ(write(cache1.getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 1);
-        ASSERT_EQ(lseek(cache1.getNativeHandle()->data[0], 0, SEEK_SET), 0);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-    }
-
-    // cache2 with invalid file size.
-    {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        uint8_t dummyByte = 0;
-        // Write one byte and seek back to the beginning.
-        ASSERT_EQ(write(cache2.getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyByte, 1), 1);
-        ASSERT_EQ(lseek(cache2.getNativeHandle()->data[0], 0, SEEK_SET), 0);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-    }
-}
-
 class CompilationCachingSecurityTest : public CompilationCachingTest,
                                        public ::testing::WithParamInterface<uint32_t> {
   protected:
@@ -537,44 +888,44 @@
 
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
-    // Save the compilation to cache.
-    {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) return;
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
-    }
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        // Save the compilation to cache.
+        {
+            bool supported;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+            if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        }
 
-    // Randomly flip one single bit of the cache entry.
-    FILE* pFile = fopen(mCache1.c_str(), "r+");
-    ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, 0, SEEK_END), 0);
-    long int fileSize = ftell(pFile);
-    ASSERT_GT(fileSize, 0);
-    ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, getRandomInt(0l, fileSize - 1), SEEK_SET), 0);
-    int readByte = fgetc(pFile);
-    ASSERT_NE(readByte, EOF);
-    ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, -1, SEEK_CUR), 0);
-    ASSERT_NE(fputc(static_cast<uint8_t>(readByte) ^ (1U << getRandomInt(0, 7)), pFile), EOF);
-    fclose(pFile);
+        // Randomly flip one single bit of the cache entry.
+        FILE* pFile = fopen(mModelCache[i][0].c_str(), "r+");
+        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, 0, SEEK_END), 0);
+        long int fileSize = ftell(pFile);
+        if (fileSize == 0) {
+            fclose(pFile);
+            continue;
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, getRandomInt(0l, fileSize - 1), SEEK_SET), 0);
+        int readByte = fgetc(pFile);
+        ASSERT_NE(readByte, EOF);
+        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, -1, SEEK_CUR), 0);
+        ASSERT_NE(fputc(static_cast<uint8_t>(readByte) ^ (1U << getRandomInt(0, 7)), pFile), EOF);
+        fclose(pFile);
 
-    // Retrieve preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
-    {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
+        {
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            ErrorStatus status;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -583,40 +934,37 @@
 
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
-    // Save the compilation to cache.
-    {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) return;
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
-    }
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        // Save the compilation to cache.
+        {
+            bool supported;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+            if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        }
 
-    // Randomly append bytes to the cache entry.
-    FILE* pFile = fopen(mCache1.c_str(), "a");
-    uint32_t appendLength = getRandomInt(1, 256);
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < appendLength; i++) {
-        ASSERT_NE(fputc(getRandomInt<uint8_t>(0, 255), pFile), EOF);
-    }
-    fclose(pFile);
+        // Randomly append bytes to the cache entry.
+        FILE* pFile = fopen(mModelCache[i][0].c_str(), "a");
+        uint32_t appendLength = getRandomInt(1, 256);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < appendLength; i++) {
+            ASSERT_NE(fputc(getRandomInt<uint8_t>(0, 255), pFile), EOF);
+        }
+        fclose(pFile);
 
-    // Retrieve preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
-    {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-        ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
+        {
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            ErrorStatus status;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -625,20 +973,15 @@
 
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
     Model testModel = createTestModel();
-    sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-    generated_tests::PrepareModel(device, testModel, &preparedModel);
-    // Terminate early if the driver cannot prepare the model.
-    if (preparedModel == nullptr) return;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::WRITE_ONLY, &cache2);
-        saveModelToCache(preparedModel, cache1, cache2, &status);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(status)) return;
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::NONE);
+        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
     }
 
     // Randomly flip one single bit in mToken.
@@ -647,12 +990,12 @@
 
     // Retrieve the preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
     {
-        preparedModel = nullptr;
+        sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
         ErrorStatus status;
-        hidl_handle cache1, cache2;
-        createCacheHandle({mCache1}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache1);
-        createCacheHandle({mCache2}, AccessMode::READ_ONLY, &cache2);
-        prepareModelFromCache(cache1, cache2, &preparedModel, &status);
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
         ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
         ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
     }
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
index c2330b5..a0b6d9a 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateModel.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_2::implementation::ExecutionCallback;
 using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_2::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
+using HidlToken = hidl_array<uint8_t, static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN)>;
 
 ///////////////////////// UTILITY FUNCTIONS /////////////////////////
 
@@ -54,7 +55,8 @@
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus =
-        device->prepareModel_1_2(model, preference, preparedModelCallback);
+            device->prepareModel_1_2(model, preference, hidl_vec<hidl_handle>(),
+                                     hidl_vec<hidl_handle>(), HidlToken(), preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::INVALID_ARGUMENT, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus));
 
@@ -506,9 +508,10 @@
                 }
             }
         }
-        // BIDIRECTIONAL_SEQUENCE_RNN can have either on or two outputs
-        // depending on a mergeOutputs parameter
-        if (operation.type == OperationType::BIDIRECTIONAL_SEQUENCE_RNN) {
+        // BIDIRECTIONAL_SEQUENCE_LSTM and BIDIRECTIONAL_SEQUENCE_RNN can have either one or two
+        // outputs depending on their mergeOutputs parameter.
+        if (operation.type == OperationType::BIDIRECTIONAL_SEQUENCE_LSTM ||
+            operation.type == OperationType::BIDIRECTIONAL_SEQUENCE_RNN) {
             for (const size_t outOprand : operation.outputs) {
                 if (operand == outOprand) {
                     return true;
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
index d411da4..870d017 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/ValidateRequest.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_2::implementation::ExecutionCallback;
 using ::android::hardware::neuralnetworks::V1_2::implementation::PreparedModelCallback;
 using ::android::hidl::memory::V1_0::IMemory;
+using HidlToken = hidl_array<uint8_t, static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN)>;
 using test_helper::for_all;
 using test_helper::MixedTyped;
 using test_helper::MixedTypedExample;
@@ -66,7 +67,8 @@
     sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, preparedModelCallback.get());
     Return<ErrorStatus> prepareLaunchStatus = device->prepareModel_1_2(
-        model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, preparedModelCallback);
+            model, ExecutionPreference::FAST_SINGLE_ANSWER, hidl_vec<hidl_handle>(),
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle>(), HidlToken(), preparedModelCallback);
     ASSERT_TRUE(prepareLaunchStatus.isOk());
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorStatus::NONE, static_cast<ErrorStatus>(prepareLaunchStatus));
 
@@ -153,8 +155,8 @@
         SCOPED_TRACE(message + " [burst]");
 
         // create burst
-        std::unique_ptr<::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController> burst =
-                ::android::nn::createExecutionBurstController(preparedModel, /*blocking=*/true);
+        std::shared_ptr<::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController> burst =
+                ::android::nn::ExecutionBurstController::create(preparedModel, /*blocking=*/true);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, burst.get());
 
         // create memory keys
diff --git a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index 76d8758..2093c25 100644
--- a/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.4/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -758,3 +758,40 @@
                                      {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE}));
     }
 }
+
+/*
+ * Test IRadio.getDataRegistrationStateResponse_1_4() for the response returned.
+ */
+TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_4, getDataRegistrationState_1_4) {
+    int rat;
+    serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
+
+    Return<void> res = radio_v1_4->getDataRegistrationState(serial);
+    ASSERT_OK(res);
+    EXPECT_EQ(std::cv_status::no_timeout, wait());
+    EXPECT_EQ(RadioResponseType::SOLICITED, radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.serial);
+
+    ALOGI("getDataRegistrationStateResponse_1_4, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
+          toString(radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.error).c_str());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
+        radioRsp_v1_4->rspInfo.error,
+        {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::NOT_PROVISIONED}));
+
+    rat = radioRsp_v1_4->dataRegResp.base.rat;
+    /*
+     *  - Expect Valid vopsinfo when device is on LTE
+     *  - Expect empty vopsInfo when device is not on LTE
+     */
+    if (rat == ((int )::android::hardware::radio::V1_4::RadioTechnology::LTE)
+        || (rat == (int )::android::hardware::radio::V1_4::RadioTechnology::LTE_CA)) {
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(::android::hardware::radio::V1_4::DataRegStateResult::VopsInfo::hidl_discriminator
+                  ::lteVopsInfo, radioRsp_v1_4->dataRegResp.vopsInfo.getDiscriminator());
+    } else {
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(::android::hardware::radio::V1_4::DataRegStateResult::VopsInfo::hidl_discriminator
+                  ::noinit, radioRsp_v1_4->dataRegResp.vopsInfo.getDiscriminator());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/sensors/2.0/default/Android.bp b/sensors/2.0/default/Android.bp
index d05634b..05a34bb 100644
--- a/sensors/2.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/sensors/2.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
         "Sensor.cpp",
         "Sensors.cpp",
     ],
-    init_rc: ["android.hardware.sensors@2.0-service.rc"],
+    init_rc: ["android.hardware.sensors@2.0-service-mock.rc"],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.sensors@1.0",
         "android.hardware.sensors@2.0",
diff --git a/sensors/2.0/default/android.hardware.sensors@2.0-service.rc b/sensors/2.0/default/android.hardware.sensors@2.0-service-mock.rc
similarity index 100%
rename from sensors/2.0/default/android.hardware.sensors@2.0-service.rc
rename to sensors/2.0/default/android.hardware.sensors@2.0-service-mock.rc
diff --git a/thermal/2.0/default/Thermal.cpp b/thermal/2.0/default/Thermal.cpp
index 0ef4b63..bbbecb8 100644
--- a/thermal/2.0/default/Thermal.cpp
+++ b/thermal/2.0/default/Thermal.cpp
@@ -38,46 +38,47 @@
 std::set<sp<IThermalChangedCallback>> gCallbacks;
 
 static const Temperature_1_0 kTemp_1_0 = {
-    .type = static_cast<::android::hardware::thermal::V1_0::TemperatureType>(TemperatureType::CPU),
-    .name = "test temperature sensor",
-    .currentValue = 98.6,
-    .throttlingThreshold = 58,
-    .shutdownThreshold = 60.0,
-    .vrThrottlingThreshold = 59.0,
+        .type = static_cast<::android::hardware::thermal::V1_0::TemperatureType>(
+                TemperatureType::SKIN),
+        .name = "test temperature sensor",
+        .currentValue = 30.8,
+        .throttlingThreshold = 48.0,
+        .shutdownThreshold = 60.0,
+        .vrThrottlingThreshold = 49.0,
 };
 
 static const Temperature_2_0 kTemp_2_0 = {
-    .type = TemperatureType::SKIN,
-    .name = "test temperature sensor",
-    .value = 98.6,
-    .throttlingStatus = ThrottlingSeverity::CRITICAL,
+        .type = TemperatureType::SKIN,
+        .name = "test temperature sensor",
+        .value = 30.8,
+        .throttlingStatus = ThrottlingSeverity::NONE,
 };
 
 static const TemperatureThreshold kTempThreshold = {
-    .type = TemperatureType::SKIN,
-    .name = "test temperature sensor",
-    .hotThrottlingThresholds = {{NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN}},
-    .coldThrottlingThresholds = {{NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN}},
-    .vrThrottlingThreshold = NAN,
+        .type = TemperatureType::SKIN,
+        .name = "test temperature sensor",
+        .hotThrottlingThresholds = {{NAN, NAN, NAN, 48.0, NAN, NAN, 60.0}},
+        .coldThrottlingThresholds = {{NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN, NAN}},
+        .vrThrottlingThreshold = 49.0,
 };
 
 static const CoolingDevice_1_0 kCooling_1_0 = {
-    .type = ::android::hardware::thermal::V1_0::CoolingType::FAN_RPM,
-    .name = "test cooling device",
-    .currentValue = 100.0,
+        .type = ::android::hardware::thermal::V1_0::CoolingType::FAN_RPM,
+        .name = "test cooling device",
+        .currentValue = 100.0,
 };
 
 static const CoolingDevice_2_0 kCooling_2_0 = {
-    .type = CoolingType::CPU,
-    .name = "test cooling device",
-    .value = 1,
+        .type = CoolingType::FAN,
+        .name = "test cooling device",
+        .value = 100,
 };
 
 static const CpuUsage kCpuUsage = {
-    .name = "cpu_name",
-    .active = 0,
-    .total = 0,
-    .isOnline = true,
+        .name = "cpu_name",
+        .active = 0,
+        .total = 0,
+        .isOnline = true,
 };
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::thermal::V1_0::IThermal follow.
diff --git a/thermal/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalThermalV2_0TargetTest.cpp b/thermal/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalThermalV2_0TargetTest.cpp
index cc2f3df..d0f2e84 100644
--- a/thermal/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalThermalV2_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/thermal/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalThermalV2_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -192,6 +192,9 @@
                                          } else {
                                              EXPECT_NE(ThermalStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
                                          }
+                                         for (int i = 0; i < temperatures.size(); ++i) {
+                                             EXPECT_LT(0u, temperatures[i].name.size());
+                                         }
                                      });
     auto types = hidl_enum_range<TemperatureType>();
     for (const auto& type : types) {
@@ -204,6 +207,7 @@
                 }
                 for (int i = 0; i < temperatures.size(); ++i) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(type, temperatures[i].type);
+                    EXPECT_LT(0u, temperatures[i].name.size());
                 }
             });
     }
@@ -246,6 +250,9 @@
             } else {
                 EXPECT_NE(ThermalStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
             }
+            for (int i = 0; i < cooling_devices.size(); ++i) {
+                EXPECT_LT(0u, cooling_devices[i].name.size());
+            }
         });
     for (int i = 0; i <= static_cast<int>(CoolingType::COMPONENT); ++i) {
         auto type = static_cast<CoolingType>(i);
@@ -258,6 +265,7 @@
                 }
                 for (int i = 0; i < cooling_devices.size(); ++i) {
                     EXPECT_EQ(type, cooling_devices[i].type);
+                    EXPECT_LT(0u, cooling_devices[i].name.size());
                 }
             });
     }
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/Android.bp b/vibrator/1.3/Android.bp
index 28370d6..a2ff784 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.3/Android.bp
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/Android.bp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
     },
     srcs: [
         "IVibrator.hal",
+        "types.hal",
     ],
     interfaces: [
         "android.hardware.vibrator@1.0",
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.hal b/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.hal
index 01c2801..1c870ee 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.hal
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/IVibrator.hal
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package android.hardware.vibrator@1.3;
 
+import @1.0::EffectStrength;
 import @1.0::Status;
 import @1.2::IVibrator;
 
@@ -41,4 +42,18 @@
    *                not supported by the device.
    */
   setExternalControl(bool enabled) generates (Status status);
+
+  /**
+   * Fire off a predefined haptic event.
+   *
+   * @param event The type of haptic event to trigger.
+   * @return status Whether the effect was successfully performed or not. Must
+   *     return Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if the effect is not supported.
+   * @return lengthMs The length of time the event is expected to take in
+   *     milliseconds. This doesn't need to be perfectly accurate, but should be a reasonable
+   *     approximation. Should be a positive, non-zero value if the returned status is Status::OK,
+   *     and set to 0 otherwise.
+   */
+  perform_1_3(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength)
+          generates (Status status, uint32_t lengthMs);
 };
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/example/OWNERS b/vibrator/1.3/example/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b34968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/example/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+eliptus@google.com
+michaelwr@google.com
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.cpp b/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.cpp
index bb9a057..0cb37e6 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.cpp
@@ -74,22 +74,9 @@
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2::IVibrator follow.
 
-Return<void> Vibrator::perform_1_2(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, perform_cb _hidl_cb) {
-    uint8_t amplitude;
-    uint32_t ms;
-    Status status;
-
-    ALOGI("Perform: Effect %s\n", effectToName(effect));
-
-    amplitude = strengthToAmplitude(strength);
-    setAmplitude(amplitude);
-
-    ms = effectToMs(effect);
-    status = activate(ms);
-
-    _hidl_cb(status, ms);
-
-    return Void();
+Return<void> Vibrator::perform_1_2(V1_2::Effect effect, EffectStrength strength,
+                                   perform_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    return perform_1_3(static_cast<V1_3::Effect>(effect), strength, _hidl_cb);
 }
 
 // Methods from ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3::IVibrator follow.
@@ -110,6 +97,32 @@
     }
 }
 
+Return<void> Vibrator::perform_1_3(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, perform_cb _hidl_cb) {
+    uint8_t amplitude;
+    uint32_t ms;
+    Status status = Status::OK;
+
+    ALOGI("Perform: Effect %s\n", effectToName(effect).c_str());
+
+    amplitude = strengthToAmplitude(strength, &status);
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        _hidl_cb(status, 0);
+        return Void();
+    }
+    setAmplitude(amplitude);
+
+    ms = effectToMs(effect, &status);
+    if (status != Status::OK) {
+        _hidl_cb(status, 0);
+        return Void();
+    }
+    status = activate(ms);
+
+    _hidl_cb(status, ms);
+
+    return Void();
+}
+
 // Private methods follow.
 
 Status Vibrator::enable(bool enabled) {
@@ -173,17 +186,18 @@
     static_cast<Vibrator*>(sigval.sival_ptr)->timeout();
 }
 
-const char* Vibrator::effectToName(Effect effect) {
-    return toString(effect).c_str();
+const std::string Vibrator::effectToName(Effect effect) {
+    return toString(effect);
 }
 
-uint32_t Vibrator::effectToMs(Effect effect) {
+uint32_t Vibrator::effectToMs(Effect effect, Status* status) {
     switch (effect) {
         case Effect::CLICK:
             return 10;
         case Effect::DOUBLE_CLICK:
             return 15;
         case Effect::TICK:
+        case Effect::TEXTURE_TICK:
             return 5;
         case Effect::THUD:
             return 5;
@@ -222,9 +236,11 @@
         case Effect::RINGTONE_15:
             return 30000;
     }
+    *status = Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+    return 0;
 }
 
-uint8_t Vibrator::strengthToAmplitude(EffectStrength strength) {
+uint8_t Vibrator::strengthToAmplitude(EffectStrength strength, Status* status) {
     switch (strength) {
         case EffectStrength::LIGHT:
             return 128;
@@ -233,6 +249,8 @@
         case EffectStrength::STRONG:
             return 255;
     }
+    *status = Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
+    return 0;
 }
 
 }  // namespace implementation
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.h b/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.h
index a931b63..64e8e1b 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.h
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/example/Vibrator.h
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 
 using android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0::EffectStrength;
 using android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0::Status;
-using android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2::Effect;
 
 class Vibrator : public IVibrator {
   public:
@@ -46,11 +45,13 @@
                              perform_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
     // Methods from ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_2::IVibrator follow.
-    Return<void> perform_1_2(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, perform_cb _hidl_cb) override;
+    Return<void> perform_1_2(V1_2::Effect effect, EffectStrength strength,
+                             perform_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
     // Methods from ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3::IVibrator follow.
     Return<bool> supportsExternalControl() override;
     Return<Status> setExternalControl(bool enabled) override;
+    Return<void> perform_1_3(Effect effect, EffectStrength strength, perform_cb _hidl_cb) override;
 
   private:
     Status enable(bool enabled);
@@ -58,9 +59,9 @@
     void timeout();
 
     static void timerCallback(union sigval sigval);
-    static const char* effectToName(Effect effect);
-    static uint32_t effectToMs(Effect effect);
-    static uint8_t strengthToAmplitude(EffectStrength strength);
+    static const std::string effectToName(Effect effect);
+    static uint32_t effectToMs(Effect effect, Status* status);
+    static uint8_t strengthToAmplitude(EffectStrength strength, Status* status);
 
   private:
     bool mEnabled{false};
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/types.hal b/vibrator/1.3/types.hal
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ceb62a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/types.hal
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.vibrator@1.3;
+
+import @1.2::Effect;
+
+enum Effect : @1.2::Effect {
+     /**
+      * A soft tick effect meant to be played as a texture.
+      *
+      * A soft, short sensation like the tick of a clock. Unlike regular effects, texture effects
+      * are expected to be played multiple times in quick succession, replicating a specific
+      * texture to the user as a form of haptic feedback.
+      */
+     TEXTURE_TICK
+};
diff --git a/vibrator/1.3/vts/functional/VtsHalVibratorV1_3TargetTest.cpp b/vibrator/1.3/vts/functional/VtsHalVibratorV1_3TargetTest.cpp
index a67d1dc..818f9c7 100644
--- a/vibrator/1.3/vts/functional/VtsHalVibratorV1_3TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/vibrator/1.3/vts/functional/VtsHalVibratorV1_3TargetTest.cpp
@@ -24,9 +24,16 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 using ::android::sp;
+using ::android::hardware::hidl_enum_range;
+using ::android::hardware::Return;
+using ::android::hardware::Void;
+using ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0::EffectStrength;
 using ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_0::Status;
+using ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3::Effect;
 using ::android::hardware::vibrator::V1_3::IVibrator;
 
+#define EXPECT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE((ret).isOk())
+
 // Test environment for Vibrator HIDL HAL.
 class VibratorHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
    public:
@@ -71,6 +78,74 @@
     }
 }
 
+static void validatePerformEffectUnsupportedOperation(Status status, uint32_t lengthMs) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION, status);
+    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(0), lengthMs)
+            << "Effects that return UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION must have a duration of zero";
+}
+
+static void validatePerformEffect(Status status, uint32_t lengthMs) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status == Status::OK || status == Status::UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION);
+    if (status == Status::OK) {
+        ASSERT_LT(static_cast<uint32_t>(0), lengthMs)
+                << "Effects that return OK must return a positive duration";
+    } else {
+        validatePerformEffectUnsupportedOperation(status, lengthMs);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test to make sure effects within the valid range return are either supported and return OK with
+ * a valid duration, or are unsupported and return UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION with a duration of 0.
+ */
+TEST_F(VibratorHidlTest_1_3, PerformEffect_1_3) {
+    for (const auto& effect : hidl_enum_range<Effect>()) {
+        for (const auto& strength : hidl_enum_range<EffectStrength>()) {
+            EXPECT_OK(vibrator->perform_1_3(effect, strength, validatePerformEffect));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test to make sure effect values above the valid range are rejected.
+ */
+TEST_F(VibratorHidlTest_1_3, PerformEffect_1_3_BadEffects_AboveValidRange) {
+    Effect effect = *std::prev(hidl_enum_range<Effect>().end());
+    Effect badEffect = static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(effect) + 1);
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->perform_1_3(badEffect, EffectStrength::LIGHT,
+                                    validatePerformEffectUnsupportedOperation));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test to make sure effect values below the valid range are rejected.
+ */
+TEST_F(VibratorHidlTest_1_3, PerformEffect_1_3_BadEffects_BelowValidRange) {
+    Effect effect = *hidl_enum_range<Effect>().begin();
+    Effect badEffect = static_cast<Effect>(static_cast<int32_t>(effect) - 1);
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->perform_1_3(badEffect, EffectStrength::LIGHT,
+                                    validatePerformEffectUnsupportedOperation));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test to make sure strength values above the valid range are rejected.
+ */
+TEST_F(VibratorHidlTest_1_3, PerformEffect_1_3_BadStrength_AboveValidRange) {
+    EffectStrength strength = *std::prev(hidl_enum_range<EffectStrength>().end());
+    EffectStrength badStrength = static_cast<EffectStrength>(static_cast<int32_t>(strength) + 1);
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->perform_1_3(Effect::THUD, badStrength,
+                                    validatePerformEffectUnsupportedOperation));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test to make sure strength values below the valid range are rejected.
+ */
+TEST_F(VibratorHidlTest_1_3, PerformEffect_1_3_BadStrength_BelowValidRange) {
+    EffectStrength strength = *hidl_enum_range<EffectStrength>().begin();
+    EffectStrength badStrength = static_cast<EffectStrength>(static_cast<int32_t>(strength) - 1);
+    EXPECT_OK(vibrator->perform_1_3(Effect::THUD, badStrength,
+                                    validatePerformEffectUnsupportedOperation));
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(VibratorHidlEnvironment::Instance());
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
diff --git a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
index 72cafd1..1b7e821 100644
--- a/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.0/vts/functional/wifi_chip_hidl_test.cpp
@@ -361,8 +361,8 @@
 
 /*
  * CreateApIface
- * Configures the chip in AP mode and ensures that only 1 iface creation
- * succeeds. The 2nd iface creation should be rejected.
+ * Configures the chip in AP mode and ensures that at least 1 iface creation
+ * succeeds.
  */
 TEST_F(WifiChipHidlTest, CreateApIface) {
     if (!gEnv->isSoftApOn) return;
@@ -371,8 +371,6 @@
     sp<IWifiApIface> iface;
     EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, createApIface(&iface));
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, createApIface(&iface));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -460,8 +458,8 @@
 
 /*
  * CreateNanIface
- * Configures the chip in NAN mode and ensures that only 1 iface creation
- * succeeds. The 2nd iface creation should be rejected.
+ * Configures the chip in NAN mode and ensures that at least 1 iface creation
+ * succeeds.
  */
 TEST_F(WifiChipHidlTest, CreateNanIface) {
     if (!gEnv->isNanOn) return;
@@ -470,8 +468,6 @@
     sp<IWifiNanIface> iface;
     ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, createNanIface(&iface));
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, createNanIface(&iface));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -560,8 +556,8 @@
 
 /*
  * CreateP2pIface
- * Configures the chip in P2P mode and ensures that only 1 iface creation
- * succeeds. The 2nd iface creation should be rejected.
+ * Configures the chip in P2P mode and ensures that at least 1 iface creation
+ * succeeds.
  */
 TEST_F(WifiChipHidlTest, CreateP2pIface) {
     configureChipForIfaceType(IfaceType::P2P, true);
@@ -569,8 +565,6 @@
     sp<IWifiP2pIface> iface;
     EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, createP2pIface(&iface));
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, createP2pIface(&iface));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -655,8 +649,8 @@
 
 /*
  * CreateStaIface
- * Configures the chip in STA mode and ensures that only 1 iface creation
- * succeeds. The 2nd iface creation should be rejected.
+ * Configures the chip in STA mode and ensures that at least 1 iface creation
+ * succeeds.
  */
 TEST_F(WifiChipHidlTest, CreateStaIface) {
     configureChipForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA, true);
@@ -664,8 +658,6 @@
     sp<IWifiStaIface> iface;
     EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, createStaIface(&iface));
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, iface.get());
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE, createStaIface(&iface));
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/IWifiChip.hal b/wifi/1.3/IWifiChip.hal
index fc6dbac..72cee89 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/IWifiChip.hal
+++ b/wifi/1.3/IWifiChip.hal
@@ -65,10 +65,14 @@
     /**
      * API to set the wifi latency mode
      *
-     * Latency mode determines whether or not to optimize for reducing wifi
-     * latency as a tradeoff with other wifi functionality such as scanning,
-     * roaming, etc. This optimization is suitable for some applications such
-     * as gaming and virtual reality applications.
+     * The latency mode is a hint to the HAL to enable or disable Wi-Fi latency
+     * optimization. The optimization should be enabled if the mode is set to |LOW|
+     * and should be disabled if the mode is set to |NORMAL|.
+     * Wi-Fi latency optimization may trade-off latency against other Wi-Fi
+     * functionality such as scanning, roaming, etc. but it should not result in
+     * completely halting this functionality.
+     *
+     * The low latency mode targets applications such as gaming and virtual reality.
      */
     setLatencyMode(LatencyMode mode) generates (WifiStatus status);
 
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h b/wifi/1.3/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h
index deb3a5a..53fa8d6 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/tests/mock_wifi_legacy_hal.h
@@ -39,6 +39,16 @@
     MOCK_METHOD2(registerRadioModeChangeCallbackHandler,
                  wifi_error(const std::string&,
                             const on_radio_mode_change_callback&));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getFirmwareVersion, std::pair<wifi_error, std::string>(
+                 const std::string& iface_name));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(getDriverVersion, std::pair<wifi_error, std::string>(
+                 const std::string& iface_name));
+
+    MOCK_METHOD2(selectTxPowerScenario,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string& iface_name,
+                            wifi_power_scenario scenario));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(resetTxPowerScenario,
+                 wifi_error(const std::string& iface_name));
     MOCK_METHOD2(nanRegisterCallbackHandlers,
                  wifi_error(const std::string&, const NanCallbackHandlers&));
     MOCK_METHOD2(nanDisableRequest,
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp b/wifi/1.3/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp
index 134563c..7928328 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/tests/wifi_chip_unit_tests.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
     void setup_MultiIfaceCombination() {
         // clang-format off
         const hidl_vec<V1_0::IWifiChip::ChipIfaceCombination> combinations = {
-            {{{{IfaceType::STA}, 3}}}
+            {{{{IfaceType::STA}, 3}, {{IfaceType::AP}, 1}}}
         };
         const std::vector<V1_0::IWifiChip::ChipMode> modes = {
             {feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kV3, combinations}
@@ -261,6 +261,17 @@
         return success;
     }
 
+    sp<WifiChip> chip_;
+    ChipId chip_id_ = kFakeChipId;
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hal_{
+        new NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<mode_controller::MockWifiModeController>>
+        mode_controller_{new NiceMock<mode_controller::MockWifiModeController>};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>> iface_util_{
+        new NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>};
+    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<feature_flags::MockWifiFeatureFlags>>
+        feature_flags_{new NiceMock<feature_flags::MockWifiFeatureFlags>};
+
    public:
     void SetUp() override {
         chip_ = new WifiChip(chip_id_, legacy_hal_, mode_controller_,
@@ -272,17 +283,12 @@
             .WillRepeatedly(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
     }
 
-   private:
-    sp<WifiChip> chip_;
-    ChipId chip_id_ = kFakeChipId;
-    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>> legacy_hal_{
-        new NiceMock<legacy_hal::MockWifiLegacyHal>};
-    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<mode_controller::MockWifiModeController>>
-        mode_controller_{new NiceMock<mode_controller::MockWifiModeController>};
-    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>> iface_util_{
-        new NiceMock<iface_util::MockWifiIfaceUtil>};
-    std::shared_ptr<NiceMock<feature_flags::MockWifiFeatureFlags>>
-        feature_flags_{new NiceMock<feature_flags::MockWifiFeatureFlags>};
+    void TearDown() override {
+        // Restore default system iface names (This should ideally be using a
+        // mock).
+        property_set("wifi.interface", "wlan0");
+        property_set("wifi.concurrent.interface", "wlan1");
+    }
 };
 
 ////////// V1 Iface Combinations ////////////
@@ -300,7 +306,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
@@ -326,7 +332,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateAp_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan0");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateSta_ShouldFail) {
@@ -359,7 +365,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, StaMode_CreateP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
@@ -427,7 +433,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateAp_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan0");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, ApMode_CreateSta_ShouldFail) {
@@ -445,18 +451,18 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::NAN).empty());
 }
 
-TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeNoSta) {
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeNoSta) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
     ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
 }
 
-TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeWithSta) {
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowStaModeWithSta) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
     ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
     ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
 }
 
-TEST_F(WifiChipV1IfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowApToSta) {
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, RttControllerFlowApToSta) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
     const auto ap_iface_name = createIface(IfaceType::AP);
     ASSERT_FALSE(ap_iface_name.empty());
@@ -468,6 +474,30 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
 }
 
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlySta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan0", testing::_))
+        .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    chip_->selectTxPowerScenario_1_2(
+        V1_2::IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF,
+        [](const WifiStatus& status) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
+        });
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV1_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlyAp) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan0", testing::_))
+        .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    chip_->selectTxPowerScenario_1_2(
+        V1_2::IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF,
+        [](const WifiStatus& status) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
+        });
+}
+
 ////////// V2 + Aware Iface Combinations ////////////
 // Mode 1 - STA + STA/AP
 //        - STA + P2P/NAN
@@ -483,7 +513,7 @@
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateSta_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateP2p_ShouldSucceed) {
@@ -498,19 +528,25 @@
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateAp_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaSta_ShouldFail) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
     ASSERT_TRUE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateStaAp_ShouldSucceed) {
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::AP).empty());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(createIface(IfaceType::STA).empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, CreateApSta_ShouldSucceed) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
 }
 
 TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest,
@@ -640,6 +676,30 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(createRttController());
 }
 
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlySta) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan0", testing::_))
+        .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    chip_->selectTxPowerScenario_1_2(
+        V1_2::IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF,
+        [](const WifiStatus& status) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
+        });
+}
+
+TEST_F(WifiChipV2_AwareIfaceCombinationTest, SelectTxScenarioWithOnlyAp) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::AP);
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+    EXPECT_CALL(*legacy_hal_, selectTxPowerScenario("wlan1", testing::_))
+        .WillOnce(testing::Return(legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS));
+    chip_->selectTxPowerScenario_1_2(
+        V1_2::IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario::ON_HEAD_CELL_OFF,
+        [](const WifiStatus& status) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS, status.code);
+        });
+}
+
 ////////// V1 Iface Combinations when AP creation is disabled //////////
 class WifiChipV1_AwareDisabledApIfaceCombinationTest : public WifiChipTest {
    public:
@@ -707,8 +767,8 @@
     property_set("wifi.interface", "bad0");
     property_set("wifi.concurrent.interface", "bad1");
     findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
-    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "test0");
-    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "test1");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "bad0");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "bad1");
     ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "test2");
 }
 
@@ -724,6 +784,16 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan2");
 }
 
+TEST_F(WifiChip_MultiIfaceTest, CreateApStartsWithIdx1) {
+    findModeAndConfigureForIfaceType(IfaceType::STA);
+    // First AP will be slotted to wlan1.
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::AP), "wlan1");
+    // First STA will be slotted to wlan0.
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan0");
+    // All further STA will be slotted to the remaining free indices.
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan2");
+    ASSERT_EQ(createIface(IfaceType::STA), "wlan3");
+}
 }  // namespace implementation
 }  // namespace V1_3
 }  // namespace wifi
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.cpp b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.cpp
index 3697d50..25eb289 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@
 constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBufferFileAgeSeconds = 60 * 60 * 10;
 constexpr uint32_t kMaxRingBufferFileNum = 20;
 constexpr char kTombstoneFolderPath[] = "/data/vendor/tombstones/wifi/";
-constexpr unsigned kMaxWlanIfaces = 100;
+constexpr char kActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty[] = "wifi.active.interface";
+constexpr char kNoActiveWlanIfaceNamePropertyValue[] = "";
+constexpr unsigned kMaxWlanIfaces = 5;
 
 template <typename Iface>
 void invalidateAndClear(std::vector<sp<Iface>>& ifaces, sp<Iface> iface) {
@@ -105,6 +107,13 @@
     return buffer.data();
 }
 
+void setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(const std::string& ifname) {
+    auto res = property_set(kActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty, ifname.data());
+    if (res != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set active wlan iface name property";
+    }
+}
+
 // delete files that meet either conditions:
 // 1. older than a predefined time in the wifi tombstone dir.
 // 2. Files in excess to a predefined amount, starting from the oldest ones
@@ -316,13 +325,16 @@
       is_valid_(true),
       current_mode_id_(feature_flags::chip_mode_ids::kInvalid),
       modes_(feature_flags.lock()->getChipModes()),
-      debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_(false) {}
+      debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_(false) {
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(kNoActiveWlanIfaceNamePropertyValue);
+}
 
 void WifiChip::invalidate() {
     if (!writeRingbufferFilesInternal()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Error writing files to flash";
     }
     invalidateAndRemoveAllIfaces();
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(kNoActiveWlanIfaceNamePropertyValue);
     legacy_hal_.reset();
     event_cb_handler_.invalidate();
     is_valid_ = false;
@@ -641,7 +653,7 @@
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
     uint32_t legacy_feature_set;
     uint32_t legacy_logger_feature_set;
-    const auto ifname = getWlanIfaceName(0);
+    const auto ifname = getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
     std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_feature_set) =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->getSupportedFeatureSet(ifname);
     if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
@@ -693,6 +705,7 @@
     }
     current_mode_id_ = mode_id;
     LOG(INFO) << "Configured chip in mode " << mode_id;
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return status;
 }
 
@@ -709,7 +722,7 @@
     IWifiChip::ChipDebugInfo result;
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
     std::string driver_desc;
-    const auto ifname = getWlanIfaceName(0);
+    const auto ifname = getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
     std::tie(legacy_status, driver_desc) =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->getDriverVersion(ifname);
     if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
@@ -741,7 +754,8 @@
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
     std::vector<uint8_t> driver_dump;
     std::tie(legacy_status, driver_dump) =
-        legacy_hal_.lock()->requestDriverMemoryDump(getWlanIfaceName(0));
+        legacy_hal_.lock()->requestDriverMemoryDump(
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get driver debug dump: "
                    << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
@@ -756,7 +770,8 @@
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
     std::vector<uint8_t> firmware_dump;
     std::tie(legacy_status, firmware_dump) =
-        legacy_hal_.lock()->requestFirmwareMemoryDump(getWlanIfaceName(0));
+        legacy_hal_.lock()->requestFirmwareMemoryDump(
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get firmware debug dump: "
                    << legacyErrorToString(legacy_status);
@@ -766,10 +781,10 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<WifiStatus, sp<IWifiApIface>> WifiChip::createApIfaceInternal() {
-    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType::AP)) {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(IfaceType::AP)) {
         return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE), {}};
     }
-    std::string ifname = allocateApOrStaIfaceName();
+    std::string ifname = allocateApIfaceName();
     sp<WifiApIface> iface =
         new WifiApIface(ifname, legacy_hal_, iface_util_, feature_flags_);
     ap_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
@@ -778,6 +793,7 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
         }
     }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS), iface};
 }
 
@@ -809,15 +825,16 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceRemoved callback";
         }
     }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
 }
 
 std::pair<WifiStatus, sp<IWifiNanIface>> WifiChip::createNanIfaceInternal() {
-    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType::NAN)) {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(IfaceType::NAN)) {
         return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE), {}};
     }
     // These are still assumed to be based on wlan0.
-    std::string ifname = getWlanIfaceName(0);
+    std::string ifname = getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
     sp<WifiNanIface> iface = new WifiNanIface(ifname, legacy_hal_);
     nan_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
     for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
@@ -860,7 +877,7 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<WifiStatus, sp<IWifiP2pIface>> WifiChip::createP2pIfaceInternal() {
-    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType::P2P)) {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(IfaceType::P2P)) {
         return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE), {}};
     }
     std::string ifname = getP2pIfaceName();
@@ -906,10 +923,10 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<WifiStatus, sp<IWifiStaIface>> WifiChip::createStaIfaceInternal() {
-    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType::STA)) {
+    if (!canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(IfaceType::STA)) {
         return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE), {}};
     }
-    std::string ifname = allocateApOrStaIfaceName();
+    std::string ifname = allocateStaIfaceName();
     sp<WifiStaIface> iface = new WifiStaIface(ifname, legacy_hal_, iface_util_);
     sta_ifaces_.push_back(iface);
     for (const auto& callback : event_cb_handler_.getCallbacks()) {
@@ -917,6 +934,7 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceAdded callback";
         }
     }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS), iface};
 }
 
@@ -948,6 +966,7 @@
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to invoke onIfaceRemoved callback";
         }
     }
+    setActiveWlanIfaceNameProperty(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS);
 }
 
@@ -959,8 +978,8 @@
                       "(and RTT by extension)";
         return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::ERROR_NOT_AVAILABLE), {}};
     }
-    sp<WifiRttController> rtt =
-        new WifiRttController(getWlanIfaceName(0), bound_iface, legacy_hal_);
+    sp<WifiRttController> rtt = new WifiRttController(
+        getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), bound_iface, legacy_hal_);
     rtt_controllers_.emplace_back(rtt);
     return {createWifiStatus(WifiStatusCode::SUCCESS), rtt};
 }
@@ -971,7 +990,7 @@
     std::vector<legacy_hal::wifi_ring_buffer_status>
         legacy_ring_buffer_status_vec;
     std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_ring_buffer_status_vec) =
-        legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBuffersStatus(getWlanIfaceName(0));
+        legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBuffersStatus(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
         return {createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status), {}};
     }
@@ -993,7 +1012,7 @@
     }
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->startRingBufferLogging(
-            getWlanIfaceName(0), ring_name,
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), ring_name,
             static_cast<
                 std::underlying_type<WifiDebugRingBufferVerboseLevel>::type>(
                 verbose_level),
@@ -1010,7 +1029,8 @@
         return status;
     }
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
-        legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBufferData(getWlanIfaceName(0), ring_name);
+        legacy_hal_.lock()->getRingBufferData(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(),
+                                              ring_name);
 
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
@@ -1026,7 +1046,7 @@
 WifiStatus WifiChip::stopLoggingToDebugRingBufferInternal() {
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->deregisterRingBufferCallbackHandler(
-            getWlanIfaceName(0));
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
 
@@ -1035,7 +1055,7 @@
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status;
     legacy_hal::WakeReasonStats legacy_stats;
     std::tie(legacy_status, legacy_stats) =
-        legacy_hal_.lock()->getWakeReasonStats(getWlanIfaceName(0));
+        legacy_hal_.lock()->getWakeReasonStats(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     if (legacy_status != legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
         return {createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status), {}};
     }
@@ -1067,10 +1087,10 @@
             }
         };
         legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->registerErrorAlertCallbackHandler(
-            getWlanIfaceName(0), on_alert_callback);
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), on_alert_callback);
     } else {
         legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->deregisterErrorAlertCallbackHandler(
-            getWlanIfaceName(0));
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     }
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
@@ -1078,20 +1098,20 @@
 WifiStatus WifiChip::selectTxPowerScenarioInternal(
     V1_1::IWifiChip::TxPowerScenario scenario) {
     auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->selectTxPowerScenario(
-        getWlanIfaceName(0),
+        getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(),
         hidl_struct_util::convertHidlTxPowerScenarioToLegacy(scenario));
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
 
 WifiStatus WifiChip::resetTxPowerScenarioInternal() {
     auto legacy_status =
-        legacy_hal_.lock()->resetTxPowerScenario(getWlanIfaceName(0));
+        legacy_hal_.lock()->resetTxPowerScenario(getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName());
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
 
 WifiStatus WifiChip::setLatencyModeInternal(LatencyMode mode) {
     auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->setLatencyMode(
-        getWlanIfaceName(0),
+        getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(),
         hidl_struct_util::convertHidlLatencyModeToLegacy(mode));
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
@@ -1107,7 +1127,7 @@
 WifiStatus WifiChip::selectTxPowerScenarioInternal_1_2(
     TxPowerScenario scenario) {
     auto legacy_status = legacy_hal_.lock()->selectTxPowerScenario(
-        getWlanIfaceName(0),
+        getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(),
         hidl_struct_util::convertHidlTxPowerScenarioToLegacy_1_2(scenario));
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
@@ -1197,7 +1217,7 @@
         };
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->registerRingBufferCallbackHandler(
-            getWlanIfaceName(0), on_ring_buffer_data_callback);
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), on_ring_buffer_data_callback);
 
     if (legacy_status == legacy_hal::WIFI_SUCCESS) {
         debug_ring_buffer_cb_registered_ = true;
@@ -1231,7 +1251,7 @@
         };
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->registerRadioModeChangeCallbackHandler(
-            getWlanIfaceName(0), on_radio_mode_change_callback);
+            getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName(), on_radio_mode_change_callback);
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }
 
@@ -1298,8 +1318,9 @@
     return expanded_combos;
 }
 
-bool WifiChip::canExpandedIfaceCombinationSupportIfaceOfType(
-    const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& combo, IfaceType requested_type) {
+bool WifiChip::canExpandedIfaceComboSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(
+    const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+    IfaceType requested_type) {
     const auto current_combo = getCurrentIfaceCombination();
 
     // Check if we have space for 1 more iface of |type| in this combo
@@ -1309,7 +1330,7 @@
         if (type == requested_type) {
             num_ifaces_needed++;
         }
-        size_t num_ifaces_allowed = combo.at(type);
+        size_t num_ifaces_allowed = expanded_combo.at(type);
         if (num_ifaces_needed > num_ifaces_allowed) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -1320,8 +1341,10 @@
 // This method does the following:
 // a) Enumerate all possible iface combos by expanding the current
 //    ChipIfaceCombination.
-// b) Check if the requested iface type can be added to the current mode.
-bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType type) {
+// b) Check if the requested iface type can be added to the current mode
+//    with the iface combination that is already active.
+bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(
+    IfaceType requested_type) {
     if (!isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Chip not configured in a mode yet";
         return false;
@@ -1330,8 +1353,8 @@
     for (const auto& combination : combinations) {
         const auto expanded_combos = expandIfaceCombinations(combination);
         for (const auto& expanded_combo : expanded_combos) {
-            if (canExpandedIfaceCombinationSupportIfaceOfType(expanded_combo,
-                                                              type)) {
+            if (canExpandedIfaceComboSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(
+                    expanded_combo, requested_type)) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
@@ -1339,6 +1362,62 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+// Note: This does not consider ifaces already active. It only checks if the
+// provided expanded iface combination can support the requested combo.
+bool WifiChip::canExpandedIfaceComboSupportIfaceCombo(
+    const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+    const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& req_combo) {
+    // Check if we have space for 1 more iface of |type| in this combo
+    for (const auto type :
+         {IfaceType::AP, IfaceType::NAN, IfaceType::P2P, IfaceType::STA}) {
+        if (req_combo.count(type) == 0) {
+            // Iface of "type" not in the req_combo.
+            continue;
+        }
+        size_t num_ifaces_needed = req_combo.at(type);
+        size_t num_ifaces_allowed = expanded_combo.at(type);
+        if (num_ifaces_needed > num_ifaces_allowed) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+// This method does the following:
+// a) Enumerate all possible iface combos by expanding the current
+//    ChipIfaceCombination.
+// b) Check if the requested iface combo can be added to the current mode.
+// Note: This does not consider ifaces already active. It only checks if the
+// current mode can support the requested combo.
+bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportIfaceCombo(
+    const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& req_combo) {
+    if (!isValidModeId(current_mode_id_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Chip not configured in a mode yet";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto combinations = getCurrentModeIfaceCombinations();
+    for (const auto& combination : combinations) {
+        const auto expanded_combos = expandIfaceCombinations(combination);
+        for (const auto& expanded_combo : expanded_combos) {
+            if (canExpandedIfaceComboSupportIfaceCombo(expanded_combo,
+                                                       req_combo)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// This method does the following:
+// a) Enumerate all possible iface combos by expanding the current
+//    ChipIfaceCombination.
+// b) Check if the requested iface type can be added to the current mode.
+bool WifiChip::canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType requested_type) {
+    // Check if we can support atleast 1 iface of type.
+    std::map<IfaceType, size_t> req_iface_combo;
+    req_iface_combo[requested_type] = 1;
+    return canCurrentModeSupportIfaceCombo(req_iface_combo);
+}
+
 bool WifiChip::isValidModeId(ChipModeId mode_id) {
     for (const auto& mode : modes_) {
         if (mode.id == mode_id) {
@@ -1348,11 +1427,32 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-// Return the first wlan (wlan0, wlan1 etc.) not already in use.
-// This doesn't check the actual presence of these interfaces.
-std::string WifiChip::allocateApOrStaIfaceName() {
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < kMaxWlanIfaces; i++) {
-        const auto ifname = getWlanIfaceName(i);
+bool WifiChip::isStaApConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode() {
+    // Check if we can support atleast 1 STA & 1 AP concurrently.
+    std::map<IfaceType, size_t> req_iface_combo;
+    req_iface_combo[IfaceType::AP] = 1;
+    req_iface_combo[IfaceType::STA] = 1;
+    return canCurrentModeSupportIfaceCombo(req_iface_combo);
+}
+
+std::string WifiChip::getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName() {
+    for (unsigned idx = 0; idx < kMaxWlanIfaces; idx++) {
+        const auto ifname = getWlanIfaceName(idx);
+        if (findUsingName(sta_ifaces_, ifname)) return ifname;
+        if (findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname)) return ifname;
+    }
+    // This could happen if the chip call is made before any STA/AP
+    // iface is created. Default to wlan0 for such cases.
+    LOG(WARNING) << "No active wlan interfaces in use!";
+    return getWlanIfaceName(0);
+}
+
+// Return the first wlan (wlan0, wlan1 etc.) starting from |start_idx|
+// not already in use.
+// Note: This doesn't check the actual presence of these interfaces.
+std::string WifiChip::allocateApOrStaIfaceName(uint32_t start_idx) {
+    for (unsigned idx = start_idx; idx < kMaxWlanIfaces; idx++) {
+        const auto ifname = getWlanIfaceName(idx);
         if (findUsingName(ap_ifaces_, ifname)) continue;
         if (findUsingName(sta_ifaces_, ifname)) continue;
         return ifname;
@@ -1362,6 +1462,19 @@
     return {};
 }
 
+// AP iface names start with idx 1 for modes supporting
+// concurrent STA, else start with idx 0.
+std::string WifiChip::allocateApIfaceName() {
+    return allocateApOrStaIfaceName(
+        isStaApConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode() ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+// STA iface names start with idx 0.
+// Primary STA iface will always be 0.
+std::string WifiChip::allocateStaIfaceName() {
+    return allocateApOrStaIfaceName(0);
+}
+
 bool WifiChip::writeRingbufferFilesInternal() {
     if (!removeOldFilesInternal()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Error occurred while deleting old tombstone files";
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.h b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.h
index 3eb0aee..3d12f4c 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.h
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_chip.h
@@ -224,11 +224,23 @@
     std::map<IfaceType, size_t> getCurrentIfaceCombination();
     std::vector<std::map<IfaceType, size_t>> expandIfaceCombinations(
         const IWifiChip::ChipIfaceCombination& combination);
-    bool canExpandedIfaceCombinationSupportIfaceOfType(
-        const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& combo, IfaceType type);
-    bool canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType type);
+    bool canExpandedIfaceComboSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(
+        const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+        IfaceType requested_type);
+    bool canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfTypeWithCurrentIfaces(
+        IfaceType requested_type);
+    bool canExpandedIfaceComboSupportIfaceCombo(
+        const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& expanded_combo,
+        const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& req_combo);
+    bool canCurrentModeSupportIfaceCombo(
+        const std::map<IfaceType, size_t>& req_combo);
+    bool canCurrentModeSupportIfaceOfType(IfaceType requested_type);
     bool isValidModeId(ChipModeId mode_id);
-    std::string allocateApOrStaIfaceName();
+    bool isStaApConcurrencyAllowedInCurrentMode();
+    std::string getFirstActiveWlanIfaceName();
+    std::string allocateApOrStaIfaceName(uint32_t start_idx);
+    std::string allocateApIfaceName();
+    std::string allocateStaIfaceName();
     bool writeRingbufferFilesInternal();
 
     ChipId chip_id_;
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
index 5aa98c4..7f9b635 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
@@ -777,7 +777,7 @@
 }
 
 wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::startSendingOffloadedPacket(
-    const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t cmd_id,
+    const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t cmd_id, uint16_t ether_type,
     const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data,
     const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address,
     const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address, uint32_t period_in_ms) {
@@ -787,9 +787,9 @@
     std::vector<uint8_t> dst_address_internal(
         dst_address.data(), dst_address.data() + dst_address.size());
     return global_func_table_.wifi_start_sending_offloaded_packet(
-        cmd_id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), ip_packet_data_internal.data(),
-        ip_packet_data_internal.size(), src_address_internal.data(),
-        dst_address_internal.data(), period_in_ms);
+        cmd_id, getIfaceHandle(iface_name), ether_type,
+        ip_packet_data_internal.data(), ip_packet_data_internal.size(),
+        src_address_internal.data(), dst_address_internal.data(), period_in_ms);
 }
 
 wifi_error WifiLegacyHal::stopSendingOffloadedPacket(
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h
index 70a919f..a3ed460 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_legacy_hal.h
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@
     // Checks if legacy HAL has successfully started
     bool isStarted();
     // Wrappers for all the functions in the legacy HAL function table.
-    std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> getDriverVersion(
+    virtual std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> getDriverVersion(
         const std::string& iface_name);
-    std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> getFirmwareVersion(
+    virtual std::pair<wifi_error, std::string> getFirmwareVersion(
         const std::string& iface_name);
     std::pair<wifi_error, std::vector<uint8_t>> requestDriverMemoryDump(
         const std::string& iface_name);
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
                                      fw_roaming_state_t state);
     wifi_error configureNdOffload(const std::string& iface_name, bool enable);
     wifi_error startSendingOffloadedPacket(
-        const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t cmd_id,
+        const std::string& iface_name, uint32_t cmd_id, uint16_t ether_type,
         const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data,
         const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address,
         const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address, uint32_t period_in_ms);
@@ -254,9 +254,9 @@
                                           uint32_t cmd_id);
     wifi_error setScanningMacOui(const std::string& iface_name,
                                  const std::array<uint8_t, 3>& oui);
-    wifi_error selectTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name,
-                                     wifi_power_scenario scenario);
-    wifi_error resetTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name);
+    virtual wifi_error selectTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name,
+                                             wifi_power_scenario scenario);
+    virtual wifi_error resetTxPowerScenario(const std::string& iface_name);
     wifi_error setLatencyMode(const std::string& iface_name,
                               wifi_latency_mode mode);
     // Logger/debug functions.
diff --git a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp
index 17f3e3d..a6539e5 100644
--- a/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.3/default/wifi_sta_iface.cpp
@@ -562,12 +562,12 @@
 
 WifiStatus WifiStaIface::startSendingKeepAlivePacketsInternal(
     uint32_t cmd_id, const std::vector<uint8_t>& ip_packet_data,
-    uint16_t /* ether_type */, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address,
+    uint16_t ether_type, const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& src_address,
     const std::array<uint8_t, 6>& dst_address, uint32_t period_in_ms) {
     legacy_hal::wifi_error legacy_status =
         legacy_hal_.lock()->startSendingOffloadedPacket(
-            ifname_, cmd_id, ip_packet_data, src_address, dst_address,
-            period_in_ms);
+            ifname_, cmd_id, ether_type, ip_packet_data, src_address,
+            dst_address, period_in_ms);
     return createWifiStatusFromLegacyError(legacy_status);
 }