diff --git a/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp b/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp
index 35d11e9..4e82b0a 100644
--- a/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp
+++ b/atrace/1.0/default/AtraceDevice.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
     for (auto& c : kTracingMap) {
         for (auto& p : c.second.paths) {
             if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile("0", p.first)) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to enable tracing on: " << p.first;
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to disable tracing on: " << p.first;
                 if (p.second) {
                     ret = Status::ERROR_TRACING_POINT;
                 }
diff --git a/current.txt b/current.txt
index e717b7a..5123034 100644
--- a/current.txt
+++ b/current.txt
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@
 65a021fa89085b62fc96b2b6d3bef2f9103cf4d63379c68bc154fd9eef672852 android.hardware.health@1.0::types
 b7ecf29927055ec422ec44bf776223f07d79ad9f92ccf9becf167e62c2607e7a android.hardware.keymaster@4.0::IKeymasterDevice
 574e8f1499436fb4075894dcae0b36682427956ecb114f17f1fe22d116a83c6b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::IPreparedModel
-e75759b40a1c5f97b463b30aab91954012c9ea9e454dde308db853a56796e5a6 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
+1e3576c07006d82ba5bc6ddbf87c101414d361c41afe7a82713750844c488725 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.0::types
 eb754b58c93e5591613208b4c972811288b0fa16a82430d602f107c91a908b22 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.1::types
 1d4a5776614c08b5d794a5ec5ab04697260cbd4b3441d5935cd53ee71d19da02 android.hardware.radio@1.0::IRadioResponse
 ed9da80ec0c96991fd03f0a46107815d0e50f764656e49dba4980fa5c31d5bc3 android.hardware.radio@1.0::types
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
 92714960d1a53fc2ec557302b41c7cc93d2636d8364a44bd0f85be0c92927ff8 android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IExecutionCallback
 36e1064c869965dee533c537cefbe87e54db8bd8cd45be7e0e93e00e8a43863a android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IPreparedModel
 e1c734d1545e1a4ae749ff1dd9704a8e594c59aea7c8363159dc258e93e0df3b android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::IPreparedModelCallback
-e3b6176e3bf235c4e0e4e451b0166e396c7ee176cfe167c9147c3d46d7b34f0c android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::types
+d18bba0b6c8d2d1da3cfb52b14f556d2e04eb91551d97ee60a3524cf993a3e0e android.hardware.neuralnetworks@1.2::types
 cf7a4ba516a638f9b82a249c91fb603042c2d9ca43fd5aad9cf6c0401ed2a5d7 android.hardware.nfc@1.2::INfc
 abf98c2ae08bf765db54edc8068e36d52eb558cff6706b6fd7c18c65a1f3fc18 android.hardware.nfc@1.2::types
 4cb252dc6372a874aef666b92a6e9529915aa187521a700f0789065c3c702ead android.hardware.power.stats@1.0::IPowerStats
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/VerificationTokenTest.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/VerificationTokenTest.cpp
index 3876b16..de28683 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/VerificationTokenTest.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/VerificationTokenTest.cpp
@@ -124,6 +124,65 @@
     // report if times aren't nearly always <1ms apart.
     EXPECT_LE(host_time_delta, km_time_delta + 2);
     EXPECT_LE(km_time_delta, host_time_delta + 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result1.token.mac.size(), result2.token.mac.size());
+    ASSERT_NE(0,
+              memcmp(result1.token.mac.data(), result2.token.mac.data(), result1.token.mac.size()));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that the mac changes when the time stamp changes. This is does not guarantee that the time
+ * stamp is included in the mac but on failure we know that it is not. Other than in the test
+ * case above we call verifyAuthorization with the exact same set of parameters.
+ */
+TEST_F(VerificationTokenTest, MacChangesOnChangingTimestamp) {
+    auto result1 =
+            verifyAuthorization(0 /* operation handle */,
+                                AuthorizationSet() /* paramtersToVerify */, HardwareAuthToken());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result1.callSuccessful);
+    auto result1_time = getTime();
+
+    if (SecLevel() == SecurityLevel::STRONGBOX) {
+        // StrongBox should not implement verifyAuthorization.
+        EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::UNIMPLEMENTED, result1.error);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, result1.error);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, result1.token.challenge);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SecLevel(), result1.token.securityLevel);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, result1.token.parametersVerified.size())
+            << "We didn't supply any parameters to verify";
+    EXPECT_GT(result1.token.timestamp, 0U);
+
+    constexpr uint32_t time_to_sleep = 200;
+    sleep_ms(time_to_sleep);
+
+    auto result2 =
+            verifyAuthorization(0 /* operation handle */,
+                                AuthorizationSet() /* paramtersToVerify */, HardwareAuthToken());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result2.callSuccessful);
+    auto result2_time = getTime();
+    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, result2.error);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, result2.token.challenge);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SecLevel(), result2.token.securityLevel);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, result2.token.parametersVerified.size())
+            << "We didn't supply any parameters to verify";
+
+    auto host_time_delta = result2_time - result1_time;
+
+    EXPECT_GE(host_time_delta, time_to_sleep)
+            << "We slept for " << time_to_sleep << " ms, the clock must have advanced by that much";
+    EXPECT_LE(host_time_delta, time_to_sleep + 20)
+            << "The verifyAuthorization call took " << (host_time_delta - time_to_sleep)
+            << " ms?  That's awful!";
+
+    auto km_time_delta = result2.token.timestamp - result1.token.timestamp;
+
+    EXPECT_LE(host_time_delta, km_time_delta + 2);
+    EXPECT_LE(km_time_delta, host_time_delta + 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(result1.token.mac.size(), result2.token.mac.size());
+    ASSERT_NE(0,
+              memcmp(result1.token.mac.data(), result2.token.mac.data(), result1.token.mac.size()));
 }
 
 }  // namespace test
diff --git a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
index d069d5d..f34020f 100644
--- a/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
+++ b/keymaster/4.0/vts/functional/keymaster_hidl_hal_test.cpp
@@ -1918,26 +1918,26 @@
 }
 
 auto wrapped_key = hex2str(
-    "3082017902010004820100A0E69B1395D382354FC0E7F74AC068C5818279D76D46745C7274997D045BAA8B9763B3F3"
-    "09E5E59ECA99273AAAE0A37449DA9B1E67B66EC4E42BB62C25346683A43A9F2ACBCA6D350B25551CC53CE0721D29BE"
-    "90F60686877478F82B3BB111C5EAC0BAE9310D7AD11F5A82948B31C322820F24E20DDB0FBD07D1566DAEAA058D4645"
-    "2607352699E1F631D2ABAF60B13E41ED5EDBB90D252331BDB9CDB1B672E871F37CAC009FE9028B3B1E0ACE8F6F0678"
-    "3F581B860620BDD478969EDE3101AAEFF65C6DB03E143E586167DC87D0CCE39E9119782F7B60A7A1CF2B7EE234E013"
-    "E3DE6C56F0D51F30C389D31FA37C5F2875ACB44434E82EF40B316C93DE129BA0040CD796B02C370F1FA4CC0124F130"
-    "2E0201033029A1083106020100020101A203020120A30402020100A4053103020101A6053103020140BF8377020500"
-    "0420CCD540855F833A5E1480BFD2D36FAF3AEEE15DF5BEABE2691BC82DDE2A7AA910041064C9F689C60FF6223AB6E6"
-    "999E0EB6E5");
+    "3082017902010004820100934bf94e2aa28a3f83c9f79297250262fbe3276b5a1c91159bbfa3ef8957aac84b59b30b"
+    "455a79c2973480823d8b3863c3deef4a8e243590268d80e18751a0e130f67ce6a1ace9f79b95e097474febc981195b"
+    "1d13a69086c0863f66a7b7fdb48792227b1ac5e2489febdf087ab5486483033a6f001ca5d1ec1e27f5c30f4cec2642"
+    "074a39ae68aee552e196627a8e3d867e67a8c01b11e75f13cca0a97ab668b50cda07a8ecb7cd8e3dd7009c9636534f"
+    "6f239cffe1fc8daa466f78b676c7119efb96bce4e69ca2a25d0b34ed9c3ff999b801597d5220e307eaa5bee507fb94"
+    "d1fa69f9e519b2de315bac92c36f2ea1fa1df4478c0ddedeae8c70e0233cd098040cd796b02c370f1fa4cc0124f130"
+    "2e0201033029a1083106020100020101a203020120a30402020100a4053103020101a6053103020140bf8377020500"
+    "0420ccd540855f833a5e1480bfd2d36faf3aeee15df5beabe2691bc82dde2a7aa910041064c9f689c60ff6223ab6e6"
+    "999e0eb6e5");
 
 auto wrapped_key_masked = hex2str(
-    "30820179020100048201001EF5320D3C920D7614688A439409ACE4318C48395ABB7247A68671BD4B7156A7773B31A4"
-    "4459B73858625988A312E4D8855138F555678F525E4C52D91444FDC936BE6AEB63FD73FD84201EF46F88A0B622F528"
-    "956C92C9C731EB65BCBC6A03BEAB45959B54A768E2842D2CE174EE542EF2A15DCAA7542F3574BEEB1A991F95439466"
-    "E1960A9CE9E4CBC77DB23765191E4758C850908BCC74E158B77AB774141F171262C1AC771FDFA2E942F2F7633E97E8"
-    "0BD492C3E821361AC6B4F568DE351C816C8C997212C707F728FB3BCAAA796EA6B8E7A80BE010970B380122940277E9"
-    "4C5E9288F7CB6878A4C4CC1E83AB85A81FD68E43B14F1F81AD21E0D3545D70EE040C6D9721D08589581AB49204A330"
-    "2E0201033029A1083106020100020101A203020120A30402020100A4053103020101A6053103020140BF8377020500"
-    "0420A61C6E247E25B3E6E69AA78EB03C2D4AC20D1F99A9A024A76F35C8E2CAB9B68D04102560C70109AE67C030F00B"
-    "98B512A670");
+    "3082017902010004820100aad93ed5924f283b4bb5526fbe7a1412f9d9749ec30db9062b29e574a8546f33c8873245"
+    "2f5b8e6a391ee76c39ed1712c61d8df6213dec1cffbc17a8c6d04c7b30893d8daa9b2015213e21946821553207f8f9"
+    "931c4caba23ed3bee28b36947e47f10e0a5c3dc51c988a628daad3e5e1f4005e79c2d5a96c284b4b8d7e4948f331e5"
+    "b85dd5a236f85579f3ea1d1b848487470bdb0ab4f81a12bee42c99fe0df4bee3759453e69ad1d68a809ce06b949f76"
+    "94a990429b2fe81e066ff43e56a21602db70757922a4bcc23ab89f1e35da77586775f423e519c2ea394caf48a28d0c"
+    "8020f1dcf6b3a68ec246f615ae96dae9a079b1f6eb959033c1af5c125fd94168040c6d9721d08589581ab49204a330"
+    "2e0201033029a1083106020100020101a203020120a30402020100a4053103020101a6053103020140bf8377020500"
+    "0420a61c6e247e25b3e6e69aa78eb03c2d4ac20d1f99a9a024a76f35c8e2cab9b68d04102560c70109ae67c030f00b"
+    "98b512a670");
 
 auto wrapping_key = hex2str(
     "308204be020100300d06092a864886f70d0101010500048204a8308204a40201000282010100aec367931d8900ce56"
@@ -1976,14 +1976,16 @@
 TEST_F(ImportWrappedKeyTest, Success) {
     auto wrapping_key_desc = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                  .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA1)
+                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
                                  .Authorization(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::WRAP_KEY);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
               ImportWrappedKey(
                   wrapped_key, wrapping_key, wrapping_key_desc, zero_masking_key,
-                  AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA1).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
+                  AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                      .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
+                      .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
 
     string message = "Hello World!";
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().BlockMode(BlockMode::ECB).Padding(PaddingMode::PKCS7);
@@ -1995,39 +1997,45 @@
 TEST_F(ImportWrappedKeyTest, SuccessMasked) {
     auto wrapping_key_desc = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                  .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA1)
+                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
                                  .Authorization(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::WRAP_KEY);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK,
               ImportWrappedKey(
                   wrapped_key_masked, wrapping_key, wrapping_key_desc, masking_key,
-                  AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA1).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
+                  AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                      .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
+                      .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ImportWrappedKeyTest, WrongMask) {
     auto wrapping_key_desc = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                  .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA1)
+                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)
                                  .Authorization(TAG_PURPOSE, KeyPurpose::WRAP_KEY);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::VERIFICATION_FAILED,
               ImportWrappedKey(
                   wrapped_key_masked, wrapping_key, wrapping_key_desc, zero_masking_key,
-                  AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA1).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
+                  AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                      .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
+                      .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ImportWrappedKeyTest, WrongPurpose) {
     auto wrapping_key_desc = AuthorizationSetBuilder()
                                  .RsaEncryptionKey(2048, 65537)
-                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA1)
+                                 .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
                                  .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP);
 
     ASSERT_EQ(ErrorCode::INCOMPATIBLE_PURPOSE,
               ImportWrappedKey(
                   wrapped_key_masked, wrapping_key, wrapping_key_desc, zero_masking_key,
-                  AuthorizationSetBuilder().Digest(Digest::SHA1).Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
+                  AuthorizationSetBuilder()
+                      .Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)
+                      .Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP)));
 }
 
 typedef KeymasterHidlTest EncryptionOperationsTest;
@@ -2261,7 +2269,8 @@
               Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT,
                     AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_OAEP).Digest(Digest::SHA_2_256)));
     string result;
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT, Finish(message, &result));
+    auto error = Finish(message, &result);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH || error == ErrorCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, result.size());
 }
 
@@ -2319,7 +2328,8 @@
     auto params = AuthorizationSetBuilder().Padding(PaddingMode::RSA_PKCS1_1_5_ENCRYPT);
     EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::OK, Begin(KeyPurpose::ENCRYPT, params));
     string result;
-    EXPECT_EQ(ErrorCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT, Finish(message, &result));
+    auto error = Finish(message, &result);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(error == ErrorCode::INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH || error == ErrorCode::INVALID_ARGUMENT);
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, result.size());
 }
 
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal
index b0a1c1a..02db063 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.0/types.hal
@@ -858,20 +858,21 @@
      *   elements of the input matrices.
      *
      * The operation has the following independently optional inputs:
+     * * The cell-to-input weights (\f$W_{ci}\f$), cell-to-forget weights
+     *   (\f$W_{cf}\f$) and cell-to-output weights (\f$W_{co}\f$) either all
+     *   have values or neither of them have values (i.e., all set to null). If
+     *   they have values, the peephole optimization is used.
      * * The input-to-input weights (\f$W_{xi}\f$), recurrent-to-input weights
-     *   (\f$W_{hi}\f$), cell-to-input (\f$W_{ci}\f$) weights, and input gate
-     *   bias (\f$b_i\f$) either all have values, or none of them have values
-     *   (i.e., all set to null). If they have no values, coupling of input and
-     *   forget gates (CIFG) is used, in which case the input gate (\f$i_t\f$)
-     *   is calculated using the following equation instead.
+     *   (\f$W_{hi}\f$) and input gate bias (\f$b_i\f$) either all have values,
+     *   or none of them have values. If they have no values, coupling of input
+     *   and forget gates (CIFG) is used, in which case the input gate
+     *   (\f$i_t\f$) is calculated using the following equation instead.
      *   \f{eqnarray*}{
      *   i_t = 1 - f_t
      *   \f}
-     * * The cell-to-forget weights (\f$W_{cf}\f$) and cell-to-output weights
-     *   (\f$W_{co}\f$) either both have values or neither of them have values.
-     *   If they have values, the peephole optimization is used. Additionally,
-     *   if CIFG is not used, cell-to-input weights (\f$W_{ci}\f$) is also
-     *   required to have values for peephole optimization.
+     *   In case peephole optimization is used and CIFG is not used
+     *   cell-to-input (\f$W_{ci}\f$) weights must be present. Otherwise, the
+     *   cell-to-input weights must have no value.
      * * The projection weights (\f$W_{proj}\f$) is required only for the
      *   recurrent projection layer, and should otherwise have no value.
      * * The projection bias (\f$b_{proj}\f$) may (but not required to) have a
@@ -984,8 +985,8 @@
      * Outputs:
      * * 0: The scratch buffer.
      *      A 2-D tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}, of shape
-     *      [batch_size, num_units * 4] with CIFG, or
-     *      [batch_size, num_units * 3] without CIFG.
+     *      [batch_size, num_units * 3] with CIFG, or
+     *      [batch_size, num_units * 4] without CIFG.
      * * 1: The output state (out) (\f$h_t\f$).
      *      A 2-D tensor of {@link OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32}, of shape
      *      [batch_size, output_size].
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal b/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal
index c2e8f22..f368ce2 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/types.hal
@@ -1177,20 +1177,21 @@
      * https://arxiv.org/pdf/1607.06450.pdf
      *
      * The operation has the following independently optional inputs:
+     * * The cell-to-input weights (\f$W_{ci}\f$), cell-to-forget weights
+     *   (\f$W_{cf}\f$) and cell-to-output weights (\f$W_{co}\f$) either all
+     *   have values or neither of them have values (i.e., all set to null). If
+     *   they have values, the peephole optimization is used.
      * * The input-to-input weights (\f$W_{xi}\f$), recurrent-to-input weights
-     *   (\f$W_{hi}\f$), cell-to-input (\f$W_{ci}\f$) weights, and input gate
-     *   bias (\f$b_i\f$) either all have values, or none of them have values
-     *   (i.e., all set to null). If they have no values, coupling of input and
-     *   forget gates (CIFG) is used, in which case the input gate (\f$i_t\f$)
-     *   is calculated using the following equation instead.
+     *   (\f$W_{hi}\f$) and input gate bias (\f$b_i\f$) either all have values,
+     *   or none of them have values. If they have no values, coupling of input
+     *   and forget gates (CIFG) is used, in which case the input gate
+     *   (\f$i_t\f$) is calculated using the following equation instead.
      *   \f{eqnarray*}{
      *   i_t = 1 - f_t
      *   \f}
-     * * The cell-to-forget weights (\f$W_{cf}\f$) and cell-to-output weights
-     *   (\f$W_{co}\f$) either both have values or neither of them have values.
-     *   If they have values, the peephole optimization is used. Additionally,
-     *   if CIFG is not used, cell-to-input weights (\f$W_{ci}\f$) is also
-     *   required to have values for peephole optimization.
+     *   In case peephole optimization is used and CIFG is not used
+     *   cell-to-input (\f$W_{ci}\f$) weights must be present. Otherwise, the
+     *   cell-to-input weights must have no value.
      * * The projection weights (\f$W_{proj}\f$) is required only for the
      *   recurrent projection layer, and should otherwise have no value.
      * * The projection bias (\f$b_{proj}\f$) may (but not required to) have a
diff --git a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
index 167fc09..4411b90 100644
--- a/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
+++ b/neuralnetworks/1.2/vts/functional/CompilationCachingTests.cpp
@@ -16,21 +16,22 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "neuralnetworks_hidl_hal_test"
 
-#include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/hidl/memory/1.0/IMemory.h>
+#include <ftw.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidlmemory/mapping.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <random>
 
 #include "Callbacks.h"
 #include "GeneratedTestHarness.h"
 #include "TestHarness.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android/hidl/memory/1.0/IMemory.h>
-#include <hidlmemory/mapping.h>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <random>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "VtsHalNeuralnetworks.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -44,9 +45,9 @@
 using ::android::nn::allocateSharedMemory;
 using ::test_helper::MixedTypedExample;
 
-namespace {
+namespace float32_model {
 
-// In frameworks/ml/nn/runtime/tests/generated/, creates a hidl model of mobilenet.
+// In frameworks/ml/nn/runtime/test/generated/, creates a hidl model of float32 mobilenet.
 #include "examples/mobilenet_224_gender_basic_fixed.example.cpp"
 #include "vts_models/mobilenet_224_gender_basic_fixed.model.cpp"
 
@@ -54,6 +55,44 @@
 [[maybe_unused]] auto dummy_createTestModel = createTestModel_dynamic_output_shape;
 [[maybe_unused]] auto dummy_get_examples = get_examples_dynamic_output_shape;
 
+// MixedTypedExample is defined in frameworks/ml/nn/tools/test_generator/include/TestHarness.h.
+// This function assumes the operation is always ADD.
+std::vector<MixedTypedExample> getLargeModelExamples(uint32_t len) {
+    float outputValue = 1.0f + static_cast<float>(len);
+    return {{.operands = {
+                     // Input
+                     {.operandDimensions = {{0, {1}}}, .float32Operands = {{0, {1.0f}}}},
+                     // Output
+                     {.operandDimensions = {{0, {1}}}, .float32Operands = {{0, {outputValue}}}}}}};
+}
+
+}  // namespace float32_model
+
+namespace quant8_model {
+
+// In frameworks/ml/nn/runtime/test/generated/, creates a hidl model of quant8 mobilenet.
+#include "examples/mobilenet_quantized.example.cpp"
+#include "vts_models/mobilenet_quantized.model.cpp"
+
+// Prevent the compiler from complaining about an otherwise unused function.
+[[maybe_unused]] auto dummy_createTestModel = createTestModel_dynamic_output_shape;
+[[maybe_unused]] auto dummy_get_examples = get_examples_dynamic_output_shape;
+
+// MixedTypedExample is defined in frameworks/ml/nn/tools/test_generator/include/TestHarness.h.
+// This function assumes the operation is always ADD.
+std::vector<MixedTypedExample> getLargeModelExamples(uint32_t len) {
+    uint8_t outputValue = 1 + static_cast<uint8_t>(len);
+    return {{.operands = {// Input
+                          {.operandDimensions = {{0, {1}}}, .quant8AsymmOperands = {{0, {1}}}},
+                          // Output
+                          {.operandDimensions = {{0, {1}}},
+                           .quant8AsymmOperands = {{0, {outputValue}}}}}}};
+}
+
+}  // namespace quant8_model
+
+namespace {
+
 enum class AccessMode { READ_WRITE, READ_ONLY, WRITE_ONLY };
 
 // Creates cache handles based on provided file groups.
@@ -89,11 +128,137 @@
     createCacheHandles(fileGroups, std::vector<AccessMode>(fileGroups.size(), mode), handles);
 }
 
+// Create a chain of broadcast operations. The second operand is always constant tensor [1].
+// For simplicity, activation scalar is shared. The second operand is not shared
+// in the model to let driver maintain a non-trivial size of constant data and the corresponding
+// data locations in cache.
+//
+//                --------- activation --------
+//                ↓      ↓      ↓             ↓
+// E.g. input -> ADD -> ADD -> ADD -> ... -> ADD -> output
+//                ↑      ↑      ↑             ↑
+//               [1]    [1]    [1]           [1]
+//
+// This function assumes the operation is either ADD or MUL.
+template <typename CppType, OperandType operandType>
+Model createLargeTestModelImpl(OperationType op, uint32_t len) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(op == OperationType::ADD || op == OperationType::MUL);
+
+    // Model operations and operands.
+    std::vector<Operation> operations(len);
+    std::vector<Operand> operands(len * 2 + 2);
+
+    // The constant buffer pool. This contains the activation scalar, followed by the
+    // per-operation constant operands.
+    std::vector<uint8_t> operandValues(sizeof(int32_t) + len * sizeof(CppType));
+
+    // The activation scalar, value = 0.
+    operands[0] = {
+            .type = OperandType::INT32,
+            .dimensions = {},
+            .numberOfConsumers = len,
+            .scale = 0.0f,
+            .zeroPoint = 0,
+            .lifetime = OperandLifeTime::CONSTANT_COPY,
+            .location = {.poolIndex = 0, .offset = 0, .length = sizeof(int32_t)},
+    };
+    memset(operandValues.data(), 0, sizeof(int32_t));
+
+    // The buffer value of the constant second operand. The logical value is always 1.0f.
+    CppType bufferValue;
+    // The scale of the first and second operand.
+    float scale1, scale2;
+    if (operandType == OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32) {
+        bufferValue = 1.0f;
+        scale1 = 0.0f;
+        scale2 = 0.0f;
+    } else if (op == OperationType::ADD) {
+        bufferValue = 1;
+        scale1 = 1.0f;
+        scale2 = 1.0f;
+    } else {
+        // To satisfy the constraint on quant8 MUL: input0.scale * input1.scale < output.scale,
+        // set input1 to have scale = 0.5f and bufferValue = 2, i.e. 1.0f in floating point.
+        bufferValue = 2;
+        scale1 = 1.0f;
+        scale2 = 0.5f;
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        const uint32_t firstInputIndex = i * 2 + 1;
+        const uint32_t secondInputIndex = firstInputIndex + 1;
+        const uint32_t outputIndex = secondInputIndex + 1;
+
+        // The first operation input.
+        operands[firstInputIndex] = {
+                .type = operandType,
+                .dimensions = {1},
+                .numberOfConsumers = 1,
+                .scale = scale1,
+                .zeroPoint = 0,
+                .lifetime = (i == 0 ? OperandLifeTime::MODEL_INPUT
+                                    : OperandLifeTime::TEMPORARY_VARIABLE),
+                .location = {},
+        };
+
+        // The second operation input, value = 1.
+        operands[secondInputIndex] = {
+                .type = operandType,
+                .dimensions = {1},
+                .numberOfConsumers = 1,
+                .scale = scale2,
+                .zeroPoint = 0,
+                .lifetime = OperandLifeTime::CONSTANT_COPY,
+                .location = {.poolIndex = 0,
+                             .offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(i * sizeof(CppType) + sizeof(int32_t)),
+                             .length = sizeof(CppType)},
+        };
+        memcpy(operandValues.data() + sizeof(int32_t) + i * sizeof(CppType), &bufferValue,
+               sizeof(CppType));
+
+        // The operation. All operations share the same activation scalar.
+        // The output operand is created as an input in the next iteration of the loop, in the case
+        // of all but the last member of the chain; and after the loop as a model output, in the
+        // case of the last member of the chain.
+        operations[i] = {
+                .type = op,
+                .inputs = {firstInputIndex, secondInputIndex, /*activation scalar*/ 0},
+                .outputs = {outputIndex},
+        };
+    }
+
+    // The model output.
+    operands.back() = {
+            .type = operandType,
+            .dimensions = {1},
+            .numberOfConsumers = 0,
+            .scale = scale1,
+            .zeroPoint = 0,
+            .lifetime = OperandLifeTime::MODEL_OUTPUT,
+            .location = {},
+    };
+
+    const std::vector<uint32_t> inputIndexes = {1};
+    const std::vector<uint32_t> outputIndexes = {len * 2 + 1};
+    const std::vector<hidl_memory> pools = {};
+
+    return {
+            .operands = operands,
+            .operations = operations,
+            .inputIndexes = inputIndexes,
+            .outputIndexes = outputIndexes,
+            .operandValues = operandValues,
+            .pools = pools,
+    };
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 // Tag for the compilation caching tests.
-class CompilationCachingTest : public NeuralnetworksHidlTest {
+class CompilationCachingTestBase : public NeuralnetworksHidlTest {
   protected:
+    CompilationCachingTestBase(OperandType type) : kOperandType(type) {}
+
     void SetUp() override {
         NeuralnetworksHidlTest::SetUp();
         ASSERT_NE(device.get(), nullptr);
@@ -139,21 +304,53 @@
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        // The tmp directory is only removed when the driver reports caching not supported,
-        // otherwise it is kept for debugging purpose.
-        if (!mIsCachingSupported) {
-            remove(mTmpCache.c_str());
-            rmdir(mCacheDir.c_str());
+        // If the test passes, remove the tmp directory.  Otherwise, keep it for debugging purposes.
+        if (!::testing::Test::HasFailure()) {
+            // Recursively remove the cache directory specified by mCacheDir.
+            auto callback = [](const char* entry, const struct stat*, int, struct FTW*) {
+                return remove(entry);
+            };
+            nftw(mCacheDir.c_str(), callback, 128, FTW_DEPTH | FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS);
         }
         NeuralnetworksHidlTest::TearDown();
     }
 
-    void saveModelToCache(const V1_2::Model& model, const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& modelCache,
-                          const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& dataCache, bool* supported,
-                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr) {
-        if (preparedModel != nullptr) *preparedModel = nullptr;
+    // Model and examples creators. According to kOperandType, the following methods will return
+    // either float32 model/examples or the quant8 variant.
+    Model createTestModel() {
+        if (kOperandType == OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32) {
+            return float32_model::createTestModel();
+        } else {
+            return quant8_model::createTestModel();
+        }
+    }
 
-        // See if service can handle model.
+    std::vector<MixedTypedExample> get_examples() {
+        if (kOperandType == OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32) {
+            return float32_model::get_examples();
+        } else {
+            return quant8_model::get_examples();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Model createLargeTestModel(OperationType op, uint32_t len) {
+        if (kOperandType == OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32) {
+            return createLargeTestModelImpl<float, OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32>(op, len);
+        } else {
+            return createLargeTestModelImpl<uint8_t, OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM>(op, len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<MixedTypedExample> getLargeModelExamples(uint32_t len) {
+        if (kOperandType == OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32) {
+            return float32_model::getLargeModelExamples(len);
+        } else {
+            return quant8_model::getLargeModelExamples(len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // See if the service can handle the model.
+    bool isModelFullySupported(const V1_2::Model& model) {
         bool fullySupportsModel = false;
         Return<void> supportedCall = device->getSupportedOperations_1_2(
                 model,
@@ -163,9 +360,14 @@
                     fullySupportsModel = std::all_of(supported.begin(), supported.end(),
                                                      [](bool valid) { return valid; });
                 });
-        ASSERT_TRUE(supportedCall.isOk());
-        *supported = fullySupportsModel;
-        if (!fullySupportsModel) return;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(supportedCall.isOk());
+        return fullySupportsModel;
+    }
+
+    void saveModelToCache(const V1_2::Model& model, const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& modelCache,
+                          const hidl_vec<hidl_handle>& dataCache,
+                          sp<IPreparedModel>* preparedModel = nullptr) {
+        if (preparedModel != nullptr) *preparedModel = nullptr;
 
         // Launch prepare model.
         sp<PreparedModelCallback> preparedModelCallback = new PreparedModelCallback();
@@ -199,8 +401,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    bool checkEarlyTermination(bool supported) {
-        if (!supported) {
+    bool checkEarlyTermination(const V1_2::Model& model) {
+        if (!isModelFullySupported(model)) {
             LOG(INFO) << "NN VTS: Early termination of test because vendor service cannot "
                          "prepare model that it does not support.";
             std::cout << "[          ]   Early termination of test because vendor service cannot "
@@ -250,21 +452,31 @@
     uint32_t mNumModelCache;
     uint32_t mNumDataCache;
     uint32_t mIsCachingSupported;
+
+    // The primary data type of the testModel.
+    const OperandType kOperandType;
 };
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, CacheSavingAndRetrieval) {
+// A parameterized fixture of CompilationCachingTestBase. Every test will run twice, with the first
+// pass running with float32 models and the second pass running with quant8 models.
+class CompilationCachingTest : public CompilationCachingTestBase,
+                               public ::testing::WithParamInterface<OperandType> {
+  protected:
+    CompilationCachingTest() : CompilationCachingTestBase(GetParam()) {}
+};
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, CacheSavingAndRetrieval) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
     sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache);
     }
 
     // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
@@ -294,14 +506,14 @@
                                            /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, CacheSavingAndRetrievalNonZeroOffset) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, CacheSavingAndRetrievalNonZeroOffset) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
     sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
@@ -318,8 +530,7 @@
                     write(dataCache[i].getNativeHandle()->data[0], &dummyBytes, sizeof(dummyBytes)),
                     sizeof(dummyBytes));
         }
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache);
     }
 
     // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
@@ -358,13 +569,13 @@
                                            /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidNumCache) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidNumCache) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
 
     // Test with number of model cache files greater than mNumModelCache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pass an additional cache file for model cache.
         mModelCache.push_back({mTmpCache});
@@ -372,8 +583,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mModelCache.pop_back();
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -392,7 +602,6 @@
 
     // Test with number of model cache files smaller than mNumModelCache.
     if (mModelCache.size() > 0) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pop out the last cache file.
         auto tmp = mModelCache.back();
@@ -401,8 +610,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mModelCache.push_back(tmp);
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -421,7 +629,6 @@
 
     // Test with number of data cache files greater than mNumDataCache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pass an additional cache file for data cache.
         mDataCache.push_back({mTmpCache});
@@ -429,8 +636,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mDataCache.pop_back();
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -449,7 +655,6 @@
 
     // Test with number of data cache files smaller than mNumDataCache.
     if (mDataCache.size() > 0) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pop out the last cache file.
         auto tmp = mDataCache.back();
@@ -458,8 +663,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mDataCache.push_back(tmp);
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -477,18 +681,17 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidNumCache) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidNumCache) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache);
     }
 
     // Test with number of model cache files greater than mNumModelCache.
@@ -558,13 +761,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidNumFd) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidNumFd) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
 
     // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
         mModelCache[i].push_back(mTmpCache);
@@ -572,8 +775,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mModelCache[i].pop_back();
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -592,7 +794,6 @@
 
     // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd equal to 0.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
         auto tmp = mModelCache[i].back();
@@ -601,8 +802,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mModelCache[i].push_back(tmp);
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -621,7 +821,6 @@
 
     // Go through each handle in data cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
         mDataCache[i].push_back(mTmpCache);
@@ -629,8 +828,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mDataCache[i].pop_back();
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -649,7 +847,6 @@
 
     // Go through each handle in data cache, test with NumFd equal to 0.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         // Pass an invalid number of fds for handle i.
         auto tmp = mDataCache[i].back();
@@ -658,8 +855,7 @@
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
         mDataCache[i].push_back(tmp);
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -677,18 +873,17 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidNumFd) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidNumFd) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache);
     }
 
     // Go through each handle in model cache, test with NumFd greater than 1.
@@ -758,23 +953,22 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidAccessMode) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCacheInvalidAccessMode) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
     std::vector<AccessMode> modelCacheMode(mNumModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
     std::vector<AccessMode> dataCacheMode(mNumDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
 
     // Go through each handle in model cache, test with invalid access mode.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         modelCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_ONLY;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, modelCacheMode, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, dataCacheMode, &dataCache);
         modelCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_WRITE;
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -793,15 +987,13 @@
 
     // Go through each handle in data cache, test with invalid access mode.
     for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         dataCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_ONLY;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, modelCacheMode, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, dataCacheMode, &dataCache);
         dataCacheMode[i] = AccessMode::READ_WRITE;
         sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported, &preparedModel);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel);
         ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
         // Execute and verify results.
         generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
@@ -819,20 +1011,19 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidAccessMode) {
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareModelFromCacheInvalidAccessMode) {
     // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
     std::vector<AccessMode> modelCacheMode(mNumModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
     std::vector<AccessMode> dataCacheMode(mNumDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE);
 
     // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        bool supported;
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache);
     }
 
     // Go through each handle in model cache, test with invalid access mode.
@@ -864,129 +1055,198 @@
     }
 }
 
-class CompilationCachingSecurityTest : public CompilationCachingTest,
-                                       public ::testing::WithParamInterface<uint32_t> {
-  protected:
-    void SetUp() {
-        CompilationCachingTest::SetUp();
-        generator.seed(kSeed);
-    }
+// Copy file contents between file groups.
+// The outer vector corresponds to handles and the inner vector is for fds held by each handle.
+// The outer vector sizes must match and the inner vectors must have size = 1.
+static void copyCacheFiles(const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>& from,
+                           const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>& to) {
+    constexpr size_t kBufferSize = 1000000;
+    uint8_t buffer[kBufferSize];
 
-    // Get a random integer within a closed range [lower, upper].
-    template <typename T>
-    T getRandomInt(T lower, T upper) {
-        std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dis(lower, upper);
-        return dis(generator);
-    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(from.size(), to.size());
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < from.size(); i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(from[i].size(), 1u);
+        ASSERT_EQ(to[i].size(), 1u);
+        int fromFd = open(from[i][0].c_str(), O_RDONLY);
+        int toFd = open(to[i][0].c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+        ASSERT_GE(fromFd, 0);
+        ASSERT_GE(toFd, 0);
 
-    const uint32_t kSeed = GetParam();
-    std::mt19937 generator;
-};
-
-TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, CorruptedSecuritySensitiveCache) {
-    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
-
-    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
-
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
-        // Save the compilation to cache.
-        {
-            bool supported;
-            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
-            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
-            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-            saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-            if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        ssize_t readBytes;
+        while ((readBytes = read(fromFd, &buffer, kBufferSize)) > 0) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(write(toFd, &buffer, readBytes), readBytes);
         }
+        ASSERT_GE(readBytes, 0);
 
-        // Randomly flip one single bit of the cache entry.
-        FILE* pFile = fopen(mModelCache[i][0].c_str(), "r+");
-        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, 0, SEEK_END), 0);
-        long int fileSize = ftell(pFile);
-        if (fileSize == 0) {
-            fclose(pFile);
-            continue;
-        }
-        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, getRandomInt(0l, fileSize - 1), SEEK_SET), 0);
-        int readByte = fgetc(pFile);
-        ASSERT_NE(readByte, EOF);
-        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, -1, SEEK_CUR), 0);
-        ASSERT_NE(fputc(static_cast<uint8_t>(readByte) ^ (1U << getRandomInt(0, 7)), pFile), EOF);
-        fclose(pFile);
-
-        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
-        {
-            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-            ErrorStatus status;
-            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
-            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
-            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
-        }
+        close(fromFd);
+        close(toFd);
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, WrongLengthSecuritySensitiveCache) {
+// Number of operations in the large test model.
+constexpr uint32_t kLargeModelSize = 100;
+constexpr uint32_t kNumIterationsTOCTOU = 100;
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, SaveToCache_TOCTOU) {
     if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
 
-    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
+    // Create test models and check if fully supported by the service.
+    const Model testModelMul = createLargeTestModel(OperationType::MUL, kLargeModelSize);
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModelMul)) return;
+    const Model testModelAdd = createLargeTestModel(OperationType::ADD, kLargeModelSize);
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModelAdd)) return;
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
-        // Save the compilation to cache.
-        {
-            bool supported;
-            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
-            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
-            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-            saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-            if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
-        }
-
-        // Randomly append bytes to the cache entry.
-        FILE* pFile = fopen(mModelCache[i][0].c_str(), "a");
-        uint32_t appendLength = getRandomInt(1, 256);
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < appendLength; i++) {
-            ASSERT_NE(fputc(getRandomInt<uint8_t>(0, 255), pFile), EOF);
-        }
-        fclose(pFile);
-
-        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
-        {
-            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
-            ErrorStatus status;
-            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
-            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
-            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
-            ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
-            ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
-        }
+    // Save the testModelMul compilation to cache.
+    auto modelCacheMul = mModelCache;
+    for (auto& cache : modelCacheMul) {
+        cache[0].append("_mul");
     }
-}
-
-TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, WrongToken) {
-    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
-
-    // Create test HIDL model and compile.
-    Model testModel = createTestModel();
-
-    // Save the compilation to cache.
     {
-        bool supported;
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(modelCacheMul, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModelMul, modelCache, dataCache);
+    }
+
+    // Use a different token for testModelAdd.
+    mToken[0]++;
+
+    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumIterationsTOCTOU; i++) {
+        // Save the testModelAdd compilation to cache.
+        {
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+
+            // Spawn a thread to copy the cache content concurrently while saving to cache.
+            std::thread thread(copyCacheFiles, std::cref(modelCacheMul), std::cref(mModelCache));
+            saveModelToCache(testModelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
+            thread.join();
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
+        {
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            ErrorStatus status;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+
+            // The preparation may fail or succeed, but must not crash. If the preparation succeeds,
+            // the prepared model must be executed with the correct result and not crash.
+            if (status != ErrorStatus::NONE) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+            } else {
+                ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+                generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(
+                        preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                        getLargeModelExamples(kLargeModelSize),
+                        testModelAdd.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                        /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, PrepareFromCache_TOCTOU) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+
+    // Create test models and check if fully supported by the service.
+    const Model testModelMul = createLargeTestModel(OperationType::MUL, kLargeModelSize);
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModelMul)) return;
+    const Model testModelAdd = createLargeTestModel(OperationType::ADD, kLargeModelSize);
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModelAdd)) return;
+
+    // Save the testModelMul compilation to cache.
+    auto modelCacheMul = mModelCache;
+    for (auto& cache : modelCacheMul) {
+        cache[0].append("_mul");
+    }
+    {
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(modelCacheMul, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModelMul, modelCache, dataCache);
+    }
+
+    // Use a different token for testModelAdd.
+    mToken[0]++;
+
+    // This test is probabilistic, so we run it multiple times.
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kNumIterationsTOCTOU; i++) {
+        // Save the testModelAdd compilation to cache.
+        {
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            saveModelToCache(testModelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
+        {
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            ErrorStatus status;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+
+            // Spawn a thread to copy the cache content concurrently while preparing from cache.
+            std::thread thread(copyCacheFiles, std::cref(modelCacheMul), std::cref(mModelCache));
+            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+            thread.join();
+
+            // The preparation may fail or succeed, but must not crash. If the preparation succeeds,
+            // the prepared model must be executed with the correct result and not crash.
+            if (status != ErrorStatus::NONE) {
+                ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+            } else {
+                ASSERT_NE(preparedModel, nullptr);
+                generated_tests::EvaluatePreparedModel(
+                        preparedModel, [](int) { return false; },
+                        getLargeModelExamples(kLargeModelSize),
+                        testModelAdd.relaxComputationFloat32toFloat16,
+                        /*testDynamicOutputShape=*/false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingTest, ReplaceSecuritySensitiveCache) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+
+    // Create test models and check if fully supported by the service.
+    const Model testModelMul = createLargeTestModel(OperationType::MUL, kLargeModelSize);
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModelMul)) return;
+    const Model testModelAdd = createLargeTestModel(OperationType::ADD, kLargeModelSize);
+    if (checkEarlyTermination(testModelAdd)) return;
+
+    // Save the testModelMul compilation to cache.
+    auto modelCacheMul = mModelCache;
+    for (auto& cache : modelCacheMul) {
+        cache[0].append("_mul");
+    }
+    {
+        hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+        createCacheHandles(modelCacheMul, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+        createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+        saveModelToCache(testModelMul, modelCache, dataCache);
+    }
+
+    // Use a different token for testModelAdd.
+    mToken[0]++;
+
+    // Save the testModelAdd compilation to cache.
+    {
         hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
         createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
         createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
-        saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache, &supported);
-        if (checkEarlyTermination(supported)) return;
+        saveModelToCache(testModelAdd, modelCache, dataCache);
     }
 
-    // Randomly flip one single bit in mToken.
-    uint32_t ind = getRandomInt(0u, static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN) - 1);
-    mToken[ind] ^= (1U << getRandomInt(0, 7));
+    // Replace the model cache of testModelAdd with testModelMul.
+    copyCacheFiles(modelCacheMul, mModelCache);
 
     // Retrieve the preparedModel from cache, expect failure.
     {
@@ -1001,8 +1261,153 @@
     }
 }
 
+static const auto kOperandTypeChoices =
+        ::testing::Values(OperandType::TENSOR_FLOAT32, OperandType::TENSOR_QUANT8_ASYMM);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TestCompilationCaching, CompilationCachingTest, kOperandTypeChoices);
+
+class CompilationCachingSecurityTest
+    : public CompilationCachingTestBase,
+      public ::testing::WithParamInterface<std::tuple<OperandType, uint32_t>> {
+  protected:
+    CompilationCachingSecurityTest() : CompilationCachingTestBase(std::get<0>(GetParam())) {}
+
+    void SetUp() {
+        CompilationCachingTestBase::SetUp();
+        generator.seed(kSeed);
+    }
+
+    // Get a random integer within a closed range [lower, upper].
+    template <typename T>
+    T getRandomInt(T lower, T upper) {
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<T> dis(lower, upper);
+        return dis(generator);
+    }
+
+    // Randomly flip one single bit of the cache entry.
+    void flipOneBitOfCache(const std::string& filename, bool* skip) {
+        FILE* pFile = fopen(filename.c_str(), "r+");
+        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, 0, SEEK_END), 0);
+        long int fileSize = ftell(pFile);
+        if (fileSize == 0) {
+            fclose(pFile);
+            *skip = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, getRandomInt(0l, fileSize - 1), SEEK_SET), 0);
+        int readByte = fgetc(pFile);
+        ASSERT_NE(readByte, EOF);
+        ASSERT_EQ(fseek(pFile, -1, SEEK_CUR), 0);
+        ASSERT_NE(fputc(static_cast<uint8_t>(readByte) ^ (1U << getRandomInt(0, 7)), pFile), EOF);
+        fclose(pFile);
+        *skip = false;
+    }
+
+    // Randomly append bytes to the cache entry.
+    void appendBytesToCache(const std::string& filename, bool* skip) {
+        FILE* pFile = fopen(filename.c_str(), "a");
+        uint32_t appendLength = getRandomInt(1, 256);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < appendLength; i++) {
+            ASSERT_NE(fputc(getRandomInt<uint8_t>(0, 255), pFile), EOF);
+        }
+        fclose(pFile);
+        *skip = false;
+    }
+
+    enum class ExpectedResult { GENERAL_FAILURE, NOT_CRASH };
+
+    // Test if the driver behaves as expected when given corrupted cache or token.
+    // The modifier will be invoked after save to cache but before prepare from cache.
+    // The modifier accepts one pointer argument "skip" as the returning value, indicating
+    // whether the test should be skipped or not.
+    void testCorruptedCache(ExpectedResult expected, std::function<void(bool*)> modifier) {
+        const Model testModel = createTestModel();
+        if (checkEarlyTermination(testModel)) return;
+
+        // Save the compilation to cache.
+        {
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            saveModelToCache(testModel, modelCache, dataCache);
+        }
+
+        bool skip = false;
+        modifier(&skip);
+        if (skip) return;
+
+        // Retrieve preparedModel from cache.
+        {
+            sp<IPreparedModel> preparedModel = nullptr;
+            ErrorStatus status;
+            hidl_vec<hidl_handle> modelCache, dataCache;
+            createCacheHandles(mModelCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &modelCache);
+            createCacheHandles(mDataCache, AccessMode::READ_WRITE, &dataCache);
+            prepareModelFromCache(modelCache, dataCache, &preparedModel, &status);
+
+            switch (expected) {
+                case ExpectedResult::GENERAL_FAILURE:
+                    ASSERT_EQ(status, ErrorStatus::GENERAL_FAILURE);
+                    ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel, nullptr);
+                    break;
+                case ExpectedResult::NOT_CRASH:
+                    ASSERT_EQ(preparedModel == nullptr, status != ErrorStatus::NONE);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    FAIL();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t kSeed = std::get<1>(GetParam());
+    std::mt19937 generator;
+};
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, CorruptedModelCache) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        testCorruptedCache(ExpectedResult::GENERAL_FAILURE,
+                           [this, i](bool* skip) { flipOneBitOfCache(mModelCache[i][0], skip); });
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, WrongLengthModelCache) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumModelCache; i++) {
+        testCorruptedCache(ExpectedResult::GENERAL_FAILURE,
+                           [this, i](bool* skip) { appendBytesToCache(mModelCache[i][0], skip); });
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, CorruptedDataCache) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        testCorruptedCache(ExpectedResult::NOT_CRASH,
+                           [this, i](bool* skip) { flipOneBitOfCache(mDataCache[i][0], skip); });
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, WrongLengthDataCache) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < mNumDataCache; i++) {
+        testCorruptedCache(ExpectedResult::NOT_CRASH,
+                           [this, i](bool* skip) { appendBytesToCache(mDataCache[i][0], skip); });
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_P(CompilationCachingSecurityTest, WrongToken) {
+    if (!mIsCachingSupported) return;
+    testCorruptedCache(ExpectedResult::GENERAL_FAILURE, [this](bool* skip) {
+        // Randomly flip one single bit in mToken.
+        uint32_t ind =
+                getRandomInt(0u, static_cast<uint32_t>(Constant::BYTE_SIZE_OF_CACHE_TOKEN) - 1);
+        mToken[ind] ^= (1U << getRandomInt(0, 7));
+        *skip = false;
+    });
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(TestCompilationCaching, CompilationCachingSecurityTest,
-                        ::testing::Range(0U, 10U));
+                        ::testing::Combine(kOperandTypeChoices, ::testing::Range(0U, 10U)));
 
 }  // namespace functional
 }  // namespace vts
diff --git a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index 730d969..a3073ac 100644
--- a/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.2/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -19,19 +19,25 @@
 
 #define ASSERT_OK(ret) ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk())
 
+namespace {
+const RadioAccessSpecifier GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900 = {.radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
+                                                   .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_P900},
+                                                   .channels = {1, 2}};
+const RadioAccessSpecifier GERAN_SPECIFIER_850 = {.radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
+                                                  .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_850},
+                                                  .channels = {128, 129}};
+}  // namespace
+
 /*
  * Test IRadio.startNetworkScan() for the response returned.
  */
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT, .interval = 60, .specifiers = {specifier}};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850}};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -89,18 +95,13 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 4,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        .maxSearchTime = 60,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 4,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            .maxSearchTime = 60,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -126,18 +127,13 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidInterval2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 301,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        .maxSearchTime = 60,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 301,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            .maxSearchTime = 60,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -163,18 +159,13 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        .maxSearchTime = 59,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            .maxSearchTime = 59,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -200,18 +191,13 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidMaxSearchTime2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        .maxSearchTime = 3601,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            .maxSearchTime = 3601,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 1};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -237,18 +223,13 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        .maxSearchTime = 600,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 0};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            .maxSearchTime = 600,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 0};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -274,18 +255,13 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_InvalidPeriodicity2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        .maxSearchTime = 600,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 11};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            .maxSearchTime = 600,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 11};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -311,20 +287,15 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest1) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        // Some vendor may not support max search time of 360s.
-        // This issue is tracked in b/112205669.
-        .maxSearchTime = 300,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 10};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            // Some vendor may not support max search time of 360s.
+            // This issue is tracked in b/112205669.
+            .maxSearchTime = 300,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 10};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -350,21 +321,16 @@
 TEST_F(RadioHidlTest_v1_2, startNetworkScan_GoodRequest2) {
     serial = GetRandomSerialNumber();
 
-    RadioAccessSpecifier specifier = {
-        .radioAccessNetwork = RadioAccessNetworks::GERAN,
-        .geranBands = {GeranBands::BAND_450, GeranBands::BAND_480},
-        .channels = {1,2}};
-
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::NetworkScanRequest request = {
-        .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
-        .interval = 60,
-        .specifiers = {specifier},
-        // Some vendor may not support max search time of 360s.
-        // This issue is tracked in b/112205669.
-        .maxSearchTime = 300,
-        .incrementalResults = false,
-        .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 10,
-        .mccMncs = {"310410"}};
+            .type = ScanType::ONE_SHOT,
+            .interval = 60,
+            .specifiers = {::GERAN_SPECIFIER_P900, ::GERAN_SPECIFIER_850},
+            // Some vendor may not support max search time of 360s.
+            // This issue is tracked in b/112205669.
+            .maxSearchTime = 300,
+            .incrementalResults = false,
+            .incrementalResultsPeriodicity = 10,
+            .mccMncs = {"310410"}};
 
     Return<void> res = radio_v1_2->startNetworkScan_1_2(serial, request);
     ASSERT_OK(res);
@@ -757,6 +723,7 @@
     // Check the mcc [0, 999] and mnc [0, 999].
     string hidl_mcc;
     string hidl_mnc;
+    bool checkMccMnc = true;
     int totalIdentitySizeExpected = 1;
     ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CellIdentity cellIdentities =
         radioRsp_v1_2->dataRegResp.cellIdentity;
@@ -765,6 +732,7 @@
     if (cellInfoType == CellInfoType::NONE) {
         // All the fields are 0
         totalIdentitySizeExpected = 0;
+        checkMccMnc = false;
     } else if (cellInfoType == CellInfoType::GSM) {
         EXPECT_EQ(1, cellIdentities.cellIdentityGsm.size());
         ::android::hardware::radio::V1_2::CellIdentityGsm cig = cellIdentities.cellIdentityGsm[0];
@@ -791,6 +759,7 @@
         // CellIndentityCdma has no mcc and mnc.
         EXPECT_EQ(CellInfoType::CDMA, cellInfoType);
         EXPECT_EQ(1, cellIdentities.cellIdentityCdma.size());
+        checkMccMnc = false;
     }
 
     // Check only one CellIdentity is size 1, and others must be 0.
@@ -799,10 +768,13 @@
                   cellIdentities.cellIdentityLte.size() + cellIdentities.cellIdentityWcdma.size() +
                   cellIdentities.cellIdentityTdscdma.size());
 
-    int mcc = stoi(hidl_mcc);
-    int mnc = stoi(hidl_mnc);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mcc >= 0 && mcc <= 999);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mnc >= 0 && mnc <= 999);
+    // 32 bit system might return invalid mcc and mnc hidl string "\xff\xff..."
+    if (checkMccMnc && hidl_mcc.size() < 4 && hidl_mnc.size() < 4) {
+        int mcc = stoi(hidl_mcc);
+        int mnc = stoi(hidl_mnc);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mcc >= 0 && mcc <= 999);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mnc >= 0 && mnc <= 999);
+    }
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/radio/1.3/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp b/radio/1.3/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
index 1bebae7..6c52ed7 100644
--- a/radio/1.3/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
+++ b/radio/1.3/vts/functional/radio_hidl_hal_api.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.serial);
     ALOGI("getModemStackStatus, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
           toString(radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
-            radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error,
-            {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR}));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error,
+                                 {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                  RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
 
     // checking if getModemStackStatus returns true, as modem was enabled above
     if (RadioError::NONE == radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error) {
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(serial, radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.serial);
         ALOGI("getModemStackStatus, rspInfo.error = %s\n",
               toString(radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error).c_str());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(
-                radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error,
-                {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE, RadioError::MODEM_ERR}));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(CheckAnyOfErrors(radioRsp_v1_3->rspInfo.error,
+                                     {RadioError::NONE, RadioError::RADIO_NOT_AVAILABLE,
+                                      RadioError::MODEM_ERR, RadioError::REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED}));
         // verify that enableModem did set isEnabled correctly
         EXPECT_EQ(true, radioRsp_v1_3->isModemEnabled);
     }
diff --git a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
index 55ec96d..375204c 100644
--- a/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
+++ b/wifi/1.2/default/wifi_legacy_hal.cpp
@@ -550,7 +550,6 @@
                 }
                 // Fall through if failed. Failure to retrieve cached scan
                 // results should trigger a background scan failure.
-                [[fallthrough]];
                 case WIFI_SCAN_FAILED:
                     on_failure_user_callback(id);
                     on_gscan_event_internal_callback = nullptr;