Merge changes I9bd12ff0,Ic842a341 into main

* changes:
  Enable framework during vts test
  Stop framework during vts test
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/CapEngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/CapEngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp
index 20fbca4..14d27f2 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/CapEngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/CapEngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 static constexpr const char* gOutputDevicesParameter = "selected_output_devices";
 static constexpr const char* gOutputDeviceAddressParameter = "device_address";
 static constexpr const char* gStrategyPrefix = "vx_";
+static constexpr const char* gLegacyStrategyPrefix = "STRATEGY_";
 static constexpr const char* gLegacyOutputDevicePrefix = "AUDIO_DEVICE_OUT_";
 static constexpr const char* gLegacyInputDevicePrefix = "AUDIO_DEVICE_IN_";
 static constexpr const char* gLegacyStreamPrefix = "AUDIO_STREAM_";
@@ -159,6 +160,17 @@
             }
             return strategyId;
         }
+        pos = stringToken.find(gLegacyStrategyPrefix);
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+            std::string legacyStrategyIdLiteral = stringToken.substr(pos);
+            const auto legacyStrategies = getLegacyProductStrategyMap();
+            if (const auto& it = legacyStrategies.find(legacyStrategyIdLiteral);
+                    it != legacyStrategies.end()) {
+                return it->second;
+            }
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid legacy strategy " << stringToken << " from path " << path;
+            return unexpected(BAD_VALUE);
+        }
     }
     return unexpected(BAD_VALUE);
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/EngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/EngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp
index d945b17..78deb64 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/EngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/EngineConfigXmlConverter.cpp
@@ -59,20 +59,6 @@
 static constexpr char kCapEngineConfigFileName[] =
         "/parameter-framework/Settings/Policy/PolicyConfigurableDomains.xml";
 
-void EngineConfigXmlConverter::initProductStrategyMap() {
-#define STRATEGY_ENTRY(name) {"STRATEGY_" #name, static_cast<int>(AudioProductStrategyType::name)}
-
-    mProductStrategyMap = {STRATEGY_ENTRY(MEDIA),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(PHONE),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(SONIFICATION),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(SONIFICATION_RESPECTFUL),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(DTMF),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(ENFORCED_AUDIBLE),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(TRANSMITTED_THROUGH_SPEAKER),
-                           STRATEGY_ENTRY(ACCESSIBILITY)};
-#undef STRATEGY_ENTRY
-}
-
 ConversionResult<int> EngineConfigXmlConverter::convertProductStrategyNameToAidl(
         const std::string& xsdcProductStrategyName) {
     const auto [it, success] = mProductStrategyMap.insert(
@@ -242,7 +228,7 @@
 }
 
 void EngineConfigXmlConverter::init() {
-    initProductStrategyMap();
+    mProductStrategyMap = getLegacyProductStrategyMap();
     if (getXsdcConfig()->hasProductStrategies()) {
         mAidlEngineConfig.productStrategies = VALUE_OR_FATAL(
                 (convertWrappedCollectionToAidl<eng_xsd::ProductStrategies,
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
index 4525f6a..c138095 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Stream.cpp
@@ -704,44 +704,7 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": Worker start error: " << mWorker->getError();
         return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
     }
-    if (auto flags = getContext().getFlags();
-        (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::input &&
-         isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::input>(),
-                              AudioInputFlags::FAST)) ||
-        (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::output &&
-         (isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
-                               AudioOutputFlags::FAST) ||
-          isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
-                               AudioOutputFlags::SPATIALIZER)))) {
-        // FAST workers should be run with a SCHED_FIFO scheduler, however the host process
-        // might be lacking the capability to request it, thus a failure to set is not an error.
-        pid_t workerTid = mWorker->getTid();
-        if (workerTid > 0) {
-            constexpr int32_t kRTPriorityMin = 1;  // SchedulingPolicyService.PRIORITY_MIN (Java).
-            constexpr int32_t kRTPriorityMax = 3;  // SchedulingPolicyService.PRIORITY_MAX (Java).
-            int priorityBoost = kRTPriorityMax;
-            if (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::output &&
-                isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
-                                     AudioOutputFlags::SPATIALIZER)) {
-                const int32_t sptPrio =
-                        property_get_int32("audio.spatializer.priority", kRTPriorityMin);
-                if (sptPrio >= kRTPriorityMin && sptPrio <= kRTPriorityMax) {
-                    priorityBoost = sptPrio;
-                } else {
-                    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid spatializer priority: " << sptPrio;
-                    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-                }
-            }
-            struct sched_param param = {
-                    .sched_priority = priorityBoost,
-            };
-            if (sched_setscheduler(workerTid, SCHED_FIFO | SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK, &param) != 0) {
-                PLOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": failed to set FIFO scheduler and priority";
-            }
-        } else {
-            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid worker tid: " << workerTid;
-        }
-    }
+    setWorkerThreadPriority(mWorker->getTid());
     getContext().getCommandMQ()->setErrorHandler(
             fmqErrorHandler<StreamContext::CommandMQ::Error>("CommandMQ"));
     getContext().getReplyMQ()->setErrorHandler(
@@ -830,6 +793,42 @@
     }
 }
 
+void StreamCommonImpl::setWorkerThreadPriority(pid_t workerTid) {
+    // FAST workers should be run with a SCHED_FIFO scheduler, however the host process
+    // might be lacking the capability to request it, thus a failure to set is not an error.
+    if (auto flags = getContext().getFlags();
+        (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::input &&
+         isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::input>(),
+                              AudioInputFlags::FAST)) ||
+        (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::output &&
+         (isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                               AudioOutputFlags::FAST) ||
+          isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                               AudioOutputFlags::SPATIALIZER)))) {
+        constexpr int32_t kRTPriorityMin = 1;  // SchedulingPolicyService.PRIORITY_MIN (Java).
+        constexpr int32_t kRTPriorityMax = 3;  // SchedulingPolicyService.PRIORITY_MAX (Java).
+        int priorityBoost = kRTPriorityMax;
+        if (flags.getTag() == AudioIoFlags::Tag::output &&
+            isBitPositionFlagSet(flags.template get<AudioIoFlags::Tag::output>(),
+                                 AudioOutputFlags::SPATIALIZER)) {
+            const int32_t sptPrio =
+                    property_get_int32("audio.spatializer.priority", kRTPriorityMin);
+            if (sptPrio >= kRTPriorityMin && sptPrio <= kRTPriorityMax) {
+                priorityBoost = sptPrio;
+            } else {
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": invalid spatializer priority: " << sptPrio;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        struct sched_param param = {
+                .sched_priority = priorityBoost,
+        };
+        if (sched_setscheduler(workerTid, SCHED_FIFO | SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK, &param) != 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": failed to set FIFO scheduler and priority";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void StreamCommonImpl::stopAndJoinWorker() {
     stopWorker();
     LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining the worker thread...";
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/XsdcConversion.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/XsdcConversion.cpp
index b42d7f5..5845903 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/XsdcConversion.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/XsdcConversion.cpp
@@ -816,4 +816,23 @@
     }
     return aidlCurvePoint;
 }
+
+/**
+ * The hard coded id must be in sync with policy.h definition of legacy strategy ids.
+ */
+std::unordered_map<std::string, int> getLegacyProductStrategyMap() {
+#define STRATEGY_ENTRY(name, id) {"STRATEGY_" #name, static_cast<int>(id)}
+
+        return {STRATEGY_ENTRY(MEDIA, 5),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(PHONE, 0),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(SONIFICATION, 1),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(SONIFICATION_RESPECTFUL, 4),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(DTMF, 6),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(ENFORCED_AUDIBLE, 2),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(CALL_ASSISTANT, 7),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(TRANSMITTED_THROUGH_SPEAKER,8),
+                STRATEGY_ENTRY(ACCESSIBILITY, 3)};
+#undef STRATEGY_ENTRY
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::internal
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
index c77bfca..114c4c0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/StreamAlsa.cpp
@@ -23,9 +23,12 @@
 #include <Utils.h>
 #include <audio_utils/clock.h>
 #include <error/expected_utils.h>
+#include <media/AidlConversionCppNdk.h>
 
 #include "core-impl/StreamAlsa.h"
 
+using aidl::android::hardware::audio::common::getChannelCount;
+
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core {
 
 StreamAlsa::StreamAlsa(StreamContext* context, const Metadata& metadata, int readWriteRetries)
@@ -41,6 +44,34 @@
     cleanupWorker();
 }
 
+::android::NBAIO_Format StreamAlsa::getPipeFormat() const {
+    const audio_format_t audioFormat = VALUE_OR_FATAL(
+            aidl2legacy_AudioFormatDescription_audio_format_t(getContext().getFormat()));
+    const int channelCount = getChannelCount(getContext().getChannelLayout());
+    return ::android::Format_from_SR_C(getContext().getSampleRate(), channelCount, audioFormat);
+}
+
+::android::sp<::android::MonoPipe> StreamAlsa::makeSink(bool writeCanBlock) {
+    const ::android::NBAIO_Format format = getPipeFormat();
+    auto sink = ::android::sp<::android::MonoPipe>::make(mBufferSizeFrames, format, writeCanBlock);
+    const ::android::NBAIO_Format offers[1] = {format};
+    size_t numCounterOffers = 0;
+    ssize_t index = sink->negotiate(offers, 1, nullptr, numCounterOffers);
+    LOG_IF(FATAL, index != 0) << __func__ << ": Negotiation for the sink failed, index = " << index;
+    return sink;
+}
+
+::android::sp<::android::MonoPipeReader> StreamAlsa::makeSource(::android::MonoPipe* pipe) {
+    const ::android::NBAIO_Format format = getPipeFormat();
+    const ::android::NBAIO_Format offers[1] = {format};
+    auto source = ::android::sp<::android::MonoPipeReader>::make(pipe);
+    size_t numCounterOffers = 0;
+    ssize_t index = source->negotiate(offers, 1, nullptr, numCounterOffers);
+    LOG_IF(FATAL, index != 0) << __func__
+                              << ": Negotiation for the source failed, index = " << index;
+    return source;
+}
+
 ::android::status_t StreamAlsa::init() {
     return mConfig.has_value() ? ::android::OK : ::android::NO_INIT;
 }
@@ -64,7 +95,7 @@
 }
 
 ::android::status_t StreamAlsa::standby() {
-    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+    teardownIo();
     return ::android::OK;
 }
 
@@ -74,6 +105,8 @@
         return ::android::OK;
     }
     decltype(mAlsaDeviceProxies) alsaDeviceProxies;
+    decltype(mSources) sources;
+    decltype(mSinks) sinks;
     for (const auto& device : getDeviceProfiles()) {
         if ((device.direction == PCM_OUT && mIsInput) ||
             (device.direction == PCM_IN && !mIsInput)) {
@@ -95,11 +128,29 @@
             return ::android::NO_INIT;
         }
         alsaDeviceProxies.push_back(std::move(proxy));
+        auto sink = makeSink(mIsInput);  // Do not block the writer when it is on our thread.
+        if (sink != nullptr) {
+            sinks.push_back(sink);
+        } else {
+            return ::android::NO_INIT;
+        }
+        if (auto source = makeSource(sink.get()); source != nullptr) {
+            sources.push_back(source);
+        } else {
+            return ::android::NO_INIT;
+        }
     }
     if (alsaDeviceProxies.empty()) {
         return ::android::NO_INIT;
     }
     mAlsaDeviceProxies = std::move(alsaDeviceProxies);
+    mSources = std::move(sources);
+    mSinks = std::move(sinks);
+    mIoThreadIsRunning = true;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mAlsaDeviceProxies.size(); ++i) {
+        mIoThreads.emplace_back(mIsInput ? &StreamAlsa::inputIoThread : &StreamAlsa::outputIoThread,
+                                this, i);
+    }
     return ::android::OK;
 }
 
@@ -112,15 +163,30 @@
     const size_t bytesToTransfer = frameCount * mFrameSizeBytes;
     unsigned maxLatency = 0;
     if (mIsInput) {
-        // For input case, only support single device.
-        proxy_read_with_retries(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer,
-                                mReadWriteRetries);
-        maxLatency = proxy_get_latency(mAlsaDeviceProxies[0].get());
+        const size_t i = 0;  // For the input case, only support a single device.
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": reading from sink " << i;
+        ssize_t framesRead = mSources[i]->read(buffer, frameCount);
+        LOG_IF(FATAL, framesRead < 0) << "Error reading from the pipe: " << framesRead;
+        if (ssize_t framesMissing = static_cast<ssize_t>(frameCount) - framesRead;
+            framesMissing > 0) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": incomplete data received, inserting " << framesMissing
+                         << " frames of silence";
+            memset(static_cast<char*>(buffer) + framesRead * mFrameSizeBytes, 0,
+                   framesMissing * mFrameSizeBytes);
+        }
+        maxLatency = proxy_get_latency(mAlsaDeviceProxies[i].get());
     } else {
         alsa::applyGain(buffer, mGain, bytesToTransfer, mConfig.value().format, mConfig->channels);
-        for (auto& proxy : mAlsaDeviceProxies) {
-            proxy_write_with_retries(proxy.get(), buffer, bytesToTransfer, mReadWriteRetries);
-            maxLatency = std::max(maxLatency, proxy_get_latency(proxy.get()));
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < mAlsaDeviceProxies.size(); ++i) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << __func__ << ": writing into sink " << i;
+            ssize_t framesWritten = mSinks[i]->write(buffer, frameCount);
+            LOG_IF(FATAL, framesWritten < 0) << "Error writing into the pipe: " << framesWritten;
+            if (ssize_t framesLost = static_cast<ssize_t>(frameCount) - framesWritten;
+                framesLost > 0) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << ": sink " << i << " incomplete data sent, dropping "
+                             << framesLost << " frames";
+            }
+            maxLatency = std::max(maxLatency, proxy_get_latency(mAlsaDeviceProxies[i].get()));
         }
     }
     *actualFrameCount = frameCount;
@@ -164,7 +230,7 @@
 }
 
 void StreamAlsa::shutdown() {
-    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+    teardownIo();
 }
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus StreamAlsa::setGain(float gain) {
@@ -172,4 +238,80 @@
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
+void StreamAlsa::inputIoThread(size_t idx) {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    setWorkerThreadPriority(pthread_gettid_np(pthread_self()));
+    const std::string threadName = (std::string("in_") + std::to_string(idx)).substr(0, 15);
+    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), threadName.c_str());
+#endif
+    const size_t bufferSize = mBufferSizeFrames * mFrameSizeBytes;
+    std::vector<char> buffer(bufferSize);
+    while (mIoThreadIsRunning) {
+        if (int ret = proxy_read_with_retries(mAlsaDeviceProxies[idx].get(), &buffer[0], bufferSize,
+                                              mReadWriteRetries);
+            ret == 0) {
+            size_t bufferFramesWritten = 0;
+            while (bufferFramesWritten < mBufferSizeFrames) {
+                if (!mIoThreadIsRunning) return;
+                ssize_t framesWrittenOrError =
+                        mSinks[idx]->write(&buffer[0], mBufferSizeFrames - bufferFramesWritten);
+                if (framesWrittenOrError >= 0) {
+                    bufferFramesWritten += framesWrittenOrError;
+                } else {
+                    LOG(WARNING) << __func__ << "[" << idx
+                                 << "]: Error while writing into the pipe: "
+                                 << framesWrittenOrError;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Errors when the stream is being stopped are expected.
+            LOG_IF(WARNING, mIoThreadIsRunning)
+                    << __func__ << "[" << idx << "]: Error reading from ALSA: " << ret;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void StreamAlsa::outputIoThread(size_t idx) {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    setWorkerThreadPriority(pthread_gettid_np(pthread_self()));
+    const std::string threadName = (std::string("out_") + std::to_string(idx)).substr(0, 15);
+    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), threadName.c_str());
+#endif
+    const size_t bufferSize = mBufferSizeFrames * mFrameSizeBytes;
+    std::vector<char> buffer(bufferSize);
+    while (mIoThreadIsRunning) {
+        ssize_t framesRead = mSources[idx]->read(&buffer[0], mBufferSizeFrames);
+        if (framesRead > 0) {
+            int ret = proxy_write_with_retries(mAlsaDeviceProxies[idx].get(), &buffer[0],
+                                               framesRead * mFrameSizeBytes, mReadWriteRetries);
+            // Errors when the stream is being stopped are expected.
+            LOG_IF(WARNING, ret != 0 && mIoThreadIsRunning)
+                    << __func__ << "[" << idx << "]: Error writing into ALSA: " << ret;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void StreamAlsa::teardownIo() {
+    mIoThreadIsRunning = false;
+    if (mIsInput) {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": shutting down pipes";
+        for (auto& sink : mSinks) {
+            sink->shutdown(true);
+        }
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": stopping PCM streams";
+    for (const auto& proxy : mAlsaDeviceProxies) {
+        proxy_stop(proxy.get());
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": joining threads";
+    for (auto& thread : mIoThreads) {
+        if (thread.joinable()) thread.join();
+    }
+    mIoThreads.clear();
+    LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": closing PCM devices";
+    mAlsaDeviceProxies.clear();
+    mSources.clear();
+    mSinks.clear();
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
index a97ea10..53dcfd0 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/alsa/Utils.h
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@
   public:
     DeviceProxy();  // Constructs a "null" proxy.
     explicit DeviceProxy(const DeviceProfile& deviceProfile);
-    alsa_device_profile* getProfile() { return mProfile.get(); }
-    alsa_device_proxy* get() { return mProxy.get(); }
+    alsa_device_profile* getProfile() const { return mProfile.get(); }
+    alsa_device_proxy* get() const { return mProxy.get(); }
 
   private:
     static void alsaProxyDeleter(alsa_device_proxy* proxy);
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
index 8297fc5..304f9b7 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/Stream.h
@@ -475,6 +475,7 @@
     // the destructor in order to stop and join the worker thread in the case when the client
     // has not called 'IStreamCommon::close' method.
     void cleanupWorker();
+    void setWorkerThreadPriority(pid_t workerTid);
     void stopAndJoinWorker();
     void stopWorker();
 
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
index 8bdf208..7e0f0ac 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/StreamAlsa.h
@@ -16,9 +16,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <atomic>
 #include <optional>
+#include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <media/nbaio/MonoPipe.h>
+#include <media/nbaio/MonoPipeReader.h>
+
 #include "Stream.h"
 #include "alsa/Utils.h"
 
@@ -57,11 +62,24 @@
     const bool mIsInput;
     const std::optional<struct pcm_config> mConfig;
     const int mReadWriteRetries;
-    // All fields below are only used on the worker thread.
-    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProxy> mAlsaDeviceProxies;
 
   private:
+    ::android::NBAIO_Format getPipeFormat() const;
+    ::android::sp<::android::MonoPipe> makeSink(bool writeCanBlock);
+    ::android::sp<::android::MonoPipeReader> makeSource(::android::MonoPipe* pipe);
+    void inputIoThread(size_t idx);
+    void outputIoThread(size_t idx);
+    void teardownIo();
+
     std::atomic<float> mGain = 1.0;
+
+    // All fields below are only used on the worker thread.
+    std::vector<alsa::DeviceProxy> mAlsaDeviceProxies;
+    // Only 'libnbaio_mono' is vendor-accessible, thus no access to the multi-reader Pipe.
+    std::vector<::android::sp<::android::MonoPipe>> mSinks;
+    std::vector<::android::sp<::android::MonoPipeReader>> mSources;
+    std::vector<std::thread> mIoThreads;
+    std::atomic<bool> mIoThreadIsRunning = false;  // used by all threads
 };
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/XsdcConversion.h b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/XsdcConversion.h
index f00206b..b298eee 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/XsdcConversion.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/include/core-impl/XsdcConversion.h
@@ -64,4 +64,5 @@
         const engineconfiguration::Stream& xsdStreamType);
 ConversionResult<int32_t> convertAudioFlagsToAidl(
         const std::vector<engineconfiguration::FlagType>& xsdcFlagTypeVec);
+std::unordered_map<std::string, int> getLegacyProductStrategyMap();
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::core::internal
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h b/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
index 754a08f..5c75e48 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/EffectHelper.h
@@ -520,9 +520,10 @@
                 << "The input(buffer) size must be greater than or equal to nPointFFT";
         bufferMag.resize(binOffsets.size());
         std::vector<float> fftInput(nPointFFT);
-        PFFFT_Setup* inputHandle = pffft_new_setup(nPointFFT, PFFFT_REAL);
+        pffft::detail::PFFFT_Setup* inputHandle =
+                pffft_new_setup(nPointFFT, pffft::detail::PFFFT_REAL);
         pffft_transform_ordered(inputHandle, buffer.data(), fftInput.data(), nullptr,
-                                PFFFT_FORWARD);
+                                pffft::detail::PFFFT_FORWARD);
         pffft_destroy_setup(inputHandle);
         for (size_t i = 0; i < binOffsets.size(); i++) {
             size_t k = binOffsets[i];
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp
index 1e6f186..70790c4 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalDynamicsProcessingTest.cpp
@@ -1254,6 +1254,7 @@
         SKIP_TEST_IF_DATA_UNSUPPORTED(mDescriptor.common.flags);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(generateSineWave(mTestFrequencies, mInput, 1.0, kSamplingFrequency,
                                                  mChannelLayout));
+        mInputDb = calculateDb(mInput);
     }
 
     void TearDown() override { TearDownDynamicsProcessingEffect(); }
@@ -1276,11 +1277,11 @@
 
     void fillMbcBandConfig(std::vector<DynamicsProcessing::MbcBandConfig>& cfgs, int channelIndex,
                            float threshold, float ratio, float noiseGate, float expanderRatio,
-                           int bandIndex, int cutoffFreqHz) {
-        cfgs.push_back(createMbcBandConfig(
-                channelIndex, bandIndex, static_cast<float>(cutoffFreqHz), kDefaultAttackTime,
-                kDefaultReleaseTime, ratio, threshold, kDefaultKneeWidth, noiseGate, expanderRatio,
-                kDefaultPreGainDb, kDefaultPostGainDb));
+                           int bandIndex, int cutoffFreqHz, float preGain, float postGain) {
+        cfgs.push_back(createMbcBandConfig(channelIndex, bandIndex,
+                                           static_cast<float>(cutoffFreqHz), kDefaultAttackTime,
+                                           kDefaultReleaseTime, ratio, threshold, kDefaultKneeWidth,
+                                           noiseGate, expanderRatio, preGain, postGain));
     }
 
     void getMagnitudeValue(const std::vector<float>& output, std::vector<float>& bufferMag) {
@@ -1291,10 +1292,9 @@
 
     void validateOutput(const std::vector<float>& output, float threshold, float ratio,
                         size_t bandIndex) {
-        float inputDb = calculateDb(mInput);
         std::vector<float> outputMag(mBinOffsets.size());
         EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getMagnitudeValue(output, outputMag));
-        if (threshold >= inputDb || ratio == 1) {
+        if (threshold >= mInputDb || ratio == 1) {
             std::vector<float> inputMag(mBinOffsets.size());
             EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(getMagnitudeValue(mInput, inputMag));
             for (size_t i = 0; i < inputMag.size(); i++) {
@@ -1315,10 +1315,11 @@
         for (size_t i = 0; i < cutoffFreqHz.size(); i++) {
             for (int channelIndex = 0; channelIndex < mChannelCount; channelIndex++) {
                 fillMbcBandConfig(mCfgs, channelIndex, threshold, ratio, kDefaultNoiseGateDb,
-                                  kDefaultExpanderRatio, i, cutoffFreqHz[i]);
+                                  kDefaultExpanderRatio, i, cutoffFreqHz[i], kDefaultPreGainDb,
+                                  kDefaultPostGainDb);
                 fillMbcBandConfig(mCfgs, channelIndex, kDefaultThresholdDb, kDefaultRatio,
                                   kDefaultNoiseGateDb, kDefaultExpanderRatio, i ^ 1,
-                                  cutoffFreqHz[i ^ 1]);
+                                  cutoffFreqHz[i ^ 1], kDefaultPreGainDb, kDefaultPostGainDb);
             }
             ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setMbcParamsAndProcess(output));
 
@@ -1347,6 +1348,8 @@
     static constexpr float kDefaultExpanderRatio = 1;
     static constexpr float kDefaultRatio = 1;
     static constexpr float kBinWidth = (float)kSamplingFrequency / kNPointFFT;
+    // Full scale sine wave with 100 Hz and 1000 Hz frequency is -6 dB
+    static constexpr float kFullScaleDb = -6;
     std::vector<int> mTestFrequencies = {100, 1000};
     // Calculating normalizing factor by dividing the number of FFT points by half and the number of
     // test frequencies. The normalization accounts for the FFT splitting the signal into positive
@@ -1357,6 +1360,7 @@
     std::vector<DynamicsProcessing::ChannelConfig> mChannelConfig;
     std::vector<int> mBinOffsets;
     std::vector<float> mInput;
+    float mInputDb;
 };
 
 TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingMbcBandConfigDataTest, IncreasingThreshold) {
@@ -1379,6 +1383,31 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(DynamicsProcessingMbcBandConfigDataTest, IncreasingPostGain) {
+    std::vector<float> postGainDbValues = {-55, -30, 0, 30, 55};
+    std::vector<float> output(mInput.size());
+    for (float postGainDb : postGainDbValues) {
+        float amplitude = 1.0 / (pow(10, postGainDb / 20));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(generateSineWave(mTestFrequencies, mInput, amplitude,
+                                                 kSamplingFrequency, mChannelLayout));
+        mInputDb = calculateDb(mInput);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(mInputDb, kFullScaleDb - postGainDb, kToleranceDb);
+        cleanUpMbcConfig();
+        for (int i = 0; i < mChannelCount; i++) {
+            fillMbcBandConfig(mCfgs, i, kDefaultThresholdDb, kDefaultRatio, kDefaultNoiseGateDb,
+                              kDefaultExpanderRatio, 0 /*band index*/, 2000 /*cutoffFrequency*/,
+                              kDefaultPreGainDb, postGainDb);
+        }
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(setMbcParamsAndProcess(output));
+        if (!isAllParamsValid()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        float outputDb = calculateDb(output, kStartIndex);
+        EXPECT_NEAR(outputDb, mInputDb + postGainDb, kToleranceDb)
+                << "PostGain: " << postGainDb << ", OutputDb: " << outputDb;
+    }
+}
+
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(DynamicsProcessingTest, DynamicsProcessingMbcBandConfigDataTest,
                          testing::ValuesIn(EffectFactoryHelper::getAllEffectDescriptors(
                                  IFactory::descriptor, getEffectTypeUuidDynamicsProcessing())),
diff --git a/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp b/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
index ff84f9d..d093ffe 100644
--- a/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/effect/all-versions/vts/functional/VtsHalAudioEffectTargetTest.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
+#include <hwbinder/IPCThreadState.h>
 
 using ::android::sp;
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_handle;
@@ -205,6 +206,11 @@
     void TearDown() override {
         effect.clear();
         effectsFactory.clear();
+        // Ensure all pending binder transactions are completed before proceeding.
+        android::hardware::IPCThreadState::self()->flushCommands();
+        // Add a delay to allow the binder destruction to propagate and ensure
+        // the remote objects are properly cleaned up.
+        usleep(100 * 1000);
     }
 
    protected:
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp
index 9cf0253..32d899b 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/can.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@
 
     {
         auto linkinfo = req.addNested(IFLA_LINKINFO);
-        req.addBuffer(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "can");
+        req.add(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "can");
         {
             auto infodata = req.addNested(IFLA_INFO_DATA);
             /* For CAN FD, it would require to add IFLA_CAN_DATA_BITTIMING
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h
index 15ff491..04d1e0a 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/include/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.h
@@ -161,6 +161,15 @@
 bool del(std::string_view dev);
 
 /**
+ * Rename interface.
+ *
+ * \param from the name of the interface to rename from
+ * \param to the name of the interface to rename to
+ * \return true in case of success, false otherwise
+ */
+bool rename(std::string_view from, std::string_view to);
+
+/**
  * Fetches interface's hardware address.
  *
  * \param ifname Interface name
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp
index 9bb1a57..f149c45 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/libnetdevice.cpp
@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@
     req->ifa_prefixlen = prefixlen;
     req->ifa_flags = IFA_F_SECONDARY;
     req->ifa_index = nametoindex(ifname);
+    if (req->ifa_index == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Interface " << ifname << " doesn't exist";
+        return false;
+    }
 
     auto addrn = inetAddr(addr);
     req.add(IFLA_ADDRESS, addrn);
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@
 
     {
         auto linkinfo = req.addNested(IFLA_LINKINFO);
-        req.addBuffer(IFLA_INFO_KIND, type);
+        req.add(IFLA_INFO_KIND, type);
     }
 
     nl::Socket sock(NETLINK_ROUTE);
@@ -156,6 +160,20 @@
     return sock.send(req) && sock.receiveAck(req);
 }
 
+bool rename(std::string_view from, std::string_view to) {
+    nl::MessageFactory<ifinfomsg> req(RTM_SETLINK);
+    req.add(IFLA_IFNAME, to);
+
+    req->ifi_index = nametoindex(from);
+    if (req->ifi_index == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Interface " << from << " doesn't exist";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    nl::Socket sock(NETLINK_ROUTE);
+    return sock.send(req) && sock.receiveAck(req);
+}
+
 std::optional<hwaddr_t> getHwAddr(std::string_view ifname) {
     auto ifr = ifreqs::fromName(ifname);
     if (!ifreqs::send(SIOCGIFHWADDR, ifr)) return std::nullopt;
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp
index e5b5a61..570545e 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnetdevice/vlan.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 
     {
         auto linkinfo = req.addNested(IFLA_LINKINFO);
-        req.addBuffer(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "vlan");
+        req.add(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "vlan");
 
         {
             auto linkinfo = req.addNested(IFLA_INFO_DATA);
diff --git a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnl++/include/libnl++/MessageFactory.h b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnl++/include/libnl++/MessageFactory.h
index f65f055..058b2cb 100644
--- a/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnl++/include/libnl++/MessageFactory.h
+++ b/automotive/can/1.0/default/libnl++/include/libnl++/MessageFactory.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace android::nl {
 
@@ -109,25 +110,21 @@
      */
     template <class A>
     void add(nlattrtype_t type, const A& attr) {
-        addInternal(type, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+        static_assert(std::is_pod_v<A>, "POD type required");
+        add(type, &attr, sizeof(attr));
     }
 
-    // It will always send the last null character, otherwise use addBuffer
-    // variant instead
     template <>
     void add(nlattrtype_t type, const std::string& s) {
-        addInternal(type, s.c_str(), s.size() + 1);
+        add(type, s.c_str(), s.size());
     }
 
-    void addBuffer(nlattrtype_t type, const std::string_view& s) {
-        addInternal(type, s.data(), s.size());
-    }
+    void add(nlattrtype_t type, std::string_view s) { add(type, s.data(), s.size()); }
 
     /** Guard class to frame nested attributes. \see addNested(nlattrtype_t). */
     class [[nodiscard]] NestedGuard {
       public:
-        NestedGuard(MessageFactory& req, nlattrtype_t type)
-            : mReq(req), mAttr(req.addInternal(type)) {}
+        NestedGuard(MessageFactory& req, nlattrtype_t type) : mReq(req), mAttr(req.add(type)) {}
         ~NestedGuard() { closeNested(&mReq.mMessage.header, mAttr); }
 
       private:
@@ -148,7 +145,7 @@
      *    MessageFactory<ifinfomsg> req(RTM_NEWLINK, NLM_F_REQUEST);
      *    {
      *        auto linkinfo = req.addNested(IFLA_LINKINFO);
-     *        req.addBuffer(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "can");
+     *        req.add(IFLA_INFO_KIND, "can");
      *        {
      *            auto infodata = req.addNested(IFLA_INFO_DATA);
      *            req.add(IFLA_CAN_BITTIMING, bitTimingStruct);
@@ -164,7 +161,7 @@
     Message mMessage = {};
     bool mIsGood = true;
 
-    nlattr* addInternal(nlattrtype_t type, const void* data = nullptr, size_t len = 0) {
+    nlattr* add(nlattrtype_t type, const void* data = nullptr, size_t len = 0) {
         if (!mIsGood) return nullptr;
         auto attr = MessageFactoryBase::add(&mMessage.header, sizeof(mMessage), type, data, len);
         if (attr == nullptr) mIsGood = false;
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
index f6098ca..0dd5e9f 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@
             return status;
         }
 
-        const SetValueResult& result = getSetValueResults().back();
+        std::vector<SetValueResult> resultVector = getSetValueResults();
+        const SetValueResult& result = resultVector.back();
 
         if (result.requestId != 0) {
             ALOGE("request ID mismatch, got %" PRId64 ", expect 0", result.requestId);
@@ -245,7 +246,8 @@
             return unexpected(status);
         }
 
-        const GetValueResult& result = getGetValueResults().back();
+        std::vector<GetValueResult> resultVector = getGetValueResults();
+        const GetValueResult& result = resultVector.back();
         if (result.requestId != 0) {
             ALOGE("request ID mismatch, got %" PRId64 ", expect 0", result.requestId);
             return unexpected(StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR);
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@
         mCv.notify_all();
     }
 
-    const std::vector<SetValueResult>& getSetValueResults() {
+    std::vector<SetValueResult> getSetValueResults() {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         return mSetValueResults;
     }
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@
         mCv.notify_all();
     }
 
-    const std::vector<GetValueResult>& getGetValueResults() {
+    std::vector<GetValueResult> getGetValueResults() {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         return mGetValueResults;
     }
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@
         mCv.notify_all();
     }
 
-    const std::vector<VehiclePropValue>& getChangedProperties() {
+    std::vector<VehiclePropValue> getChangedProperties() {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         return mChangedProperties;
     }
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/vhal/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/vhal/Android.bp
index a648fd4..22ea23d 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/vhal/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/3/vhal/Android.bp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "DefaultVehicleHal-V3",
     vendor: true,
+    host_supported: true,
     defaults: [
         "VehicleHalDefaults-V3",
     ],
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
index 86ac92e..f71dead 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/default_config/config/DefaultProperties.json
@@ -2549,57 +2549,49 @@
             "property": "VehicleProperty::HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET",
             "defaultValue": {
                 "floatValues": [
-                    17.0
+                    18.5
                 ]
             },
             "areas": [
                 {
                     "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_LEFT",
-                    "minFloatValue": 16.0,
-                    "maxFloatValue": 28.0
+                    "minFloatValue": 17.5,
+                    "maxFloatValue": 32.5
                 },
                 {
                     "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_1_RIGHT",
-                    "minFloatValue": 16.0,
-                    "maxFloatValue": 28.0
+                    "minFloatValue": 17.5,
+                    "maxFloatValue": 32.5
                 },
                 {
                     "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_LEFT",
-                    "minFloatValue": 16.0,
-                    "maxFloatValue": 28.0
+                    "minFloatValue": 17.5,
+                    "maxFloatValue": 32.5
                 },
                 {
                     "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_RIGHT",
-                    "minFloatValue": 16.0,
-                    "maxFloatValue": 28.0
+                    "minFloatValue": 17.5,
+                    "maxFloatValue": 32.5
                 },
                 {
                     "areaId": "Constants::SEAT_2_CENTER",
-                    "minFloatValue": 16.0,
-                    "maxFloatValue": 28.0
+                    "minFloatValue": 17.5,
+                    "maxFloatValue": 32.5
                 }
             ],
             "comment":
                     "minFloatValue and maxFloatValue in area config should match corresponding values in configArray",
             "configArray": [
-                160,
-                280,
+                175,
+                325,
                 5,
-                608,
-                824,
-                9
+                600,
+                900,
+                10
             ]
         },
         {
-            "property": "VehicleProperty::HVAC_TEMPERATURE_VALUE_SUGGESTION",
-            "defaultValue": {
-                "floatValues": [
-                    66.19999694824219,
-                    "VehicleUnit::FAHRENHEIT",
-                    19.0,
-                    66.2
-                ]
-            }
+            "property": "VehicleProperty::HVAC_TEMPERATURE_VALUE_SUGGESTION"
         },
         {
             "property": "VehicleProperty::ENV_OUTSIDE_TEMPERATURE",
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
index a097135..df5c2a3 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/fake_impl/hardware/test/FakeVehicleHardwareTest.cpp
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@
             return status;
         }
 
-        const SetValueResult& result = getSetValueResults().back();
+        std::vector<SetValueResult> resultVector = getSetValueResults();
+        const SetValueResult& result = resultVector.back();
 
         if (result.requestId != 0) {
             ALOGE("request ID mismatch, got %" PRId64 ", expect 0", result.requestId);
@@ -245,7 +246,8 @@
             return unexpected(status);
         }
 
-        const GetValueResult& result = getGetValueResults().back();
+        std::vector<GetValueResult> resultVector = getGetValueResults();
+        const GetValueResult& result = resultVector.back();
         if (result.requestId != 0) {
             ALOGE("request ID mismatch, got %" PRId64 ", expect 0", result.requestId);
             return unexpected(StatusCode::INTERNAL_ERROR);
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@
         mCv.notify_all();
     }
 
-    const std::vector<SetValueResult>& getSetValueResults() {
+    std::vector<SetValueResult> getSetValueResults() {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         return mSetValueResults;
     }
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@
         mCv.notify_all();
     }
 
-    const std::vector<GetValueResult>& getGetValueResults() {
+    std::vector<GetValueResult> getGetValueResults() {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         return mGetValueResults;
     }
@@ -309,7 +311,7 @@
         mCv.notify_all();
     }
 
-    const std::vector<VehiclePropValue>& getChangedProperties() {
+    std::vector<VehiclePropValue> getChangedProperties() {
         std::scoped_lock<std::mutex> lockGuard(mLock);
         return mChangedProperties;
     }
@@ -3064,8 +3066,8 @@
 TEST_F(FakeVehicleHardwareTest, GetPropertyWithPropertyNameAreaName) {
     auto result = getHardware()->dump({"--get", "HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET", "-a", "ROW_1_LEFT"});
 
-    // Default value is 17
-    ASSERT_THAT(result.buffer, ContainsRegex("17"));
+    // Default value is 18.5
+    ASSERT_THAT(result.buffer, ContainsRegex("18.5"));
 
     getHardware()->dump({"--set", "HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET", "-a", "ROW_1_LEFT", "-f", "22"});
     result = getHardware()->dump({"--get", "HVAC_TEMPERATURE_SET", "-a", "ROW_1_LEFT"});
@@ -3680,7 +3682,7 @@
             .areaId = HVAC_ALL,
             .value.floatValues = {0, 0, 0, 0},
     };
-    status = setValue(floatArraySizeFive);
+    status = setValue(invalidUnit);
     EXPECT_EQ(status, StatusCode::INVALID_ARG);
     clearChangedProperties();
 
@@ -3924,9 +3926,9 @@
                                                     {minTempInFahrenheit +
                                                              incrementInFahrenheit * 2.5f,
                                                      FAHRENHEIT,
-                                                     minTempInCelsius + incrementInCelsius * 2,
+                                                     minTempInCelsius + incrementInCelsius * 3,
                                                      minTempInFahrenheit +
-                                                             incrementInFahrenheit * 2},
+                                                             incrementInFahrenheit * 3},
                                     },
                             },
             },
diff --git a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/vhal/Android.bp b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/vhal/Android.bp
index 8764eff..cfc2b34 100644
--- a/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/vhal/Android.bp
+++ b/automotive/vehicle/aidl/impl/current/vhal/Android.bp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "DefaultVehicleHal",
     vendor: true,
+    host_supported: true,
     defaults: [
         "VehicleHalDefaults",
     ],
diff --git a/biometrics/common/util/CancellationSignal.cpp b/biometrics/common/util/CancellationSignal.cpp
index 7888838..2bfc39e 100644
--- a/biometrics/common/util/CancellationSignal.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/common/util/CancellationSignal.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,13 @@
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::biometrics {
 
 CancellationSignal::CancellationSignal(std::promise<void>&& cancellationPromise)
-    : mCancellationPromise(std::move(cancellationPromise)) {}
+    : mCancellationPromise(std::move(cancellationPromise)), isSet(false) {}
 
 ndk::ScopedAStatus CancellationSignal::cancel() {
-    mCancellationPromise.set_value();
+    if (!isSet) {
+        mCancellationPromise.set_value();
+        isSet = true;
+    }
     return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
diff --git a/biometrics/common/util/include/util/CancellationSignal.h b/biometrics/common/util/include/util/CancellationSignal.h
index be77e29..d5a9a1d 100644
--- a/biometrics/common/util/include/util/CancellationSignal.h
+++ b/biometrics/common/util/include/util/CancellationSignal.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
   private:
     std::promise<void> mCancellationPromise;
+    bool isSet;
 };
 
 // Returns whether the given cancellation future is ready, i.e. whether the operation corresponding
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/Android.bp b/bluetooth/aidl/Android.bp
index 0daecf7..4ee2f49 100644
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/bluetooth/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -16,13 +16,6 @@
     srcs: ["android/hardware/bluetooth/*.aidl"],
     stability: "vintf",
     backend: {
-        cpp: {
-            // FIXME should this be disabled?
-            // prefer NDK backend which can be used anywhere
-            // If you disable this, you also need to delete the C++
-            // translate code.
-            enabled: true,
-        },
         rust: {
             enabled: true,
         },
@@ -44,5 +37,4 @@
         },
     ],
     frozen: true,
-
 }
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/Android.bp b/bluetooth/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 3f4ba99..d3f6364 100644
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/bluetooth/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -2,81 +2,62 @@
     default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
 }
 
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "android.hardware.bluetooth-service-build-defaults",
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.bluetooth-V1-ndk",
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libcutils",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "liblog",
-        "libutils",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.bluetooth.async",
-        "android.hardware.bluetooth.hci",
-    ],
-}
-
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libbluetoothhcihalimpl",
     vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
-    defaults: ["android.hardware.bluetooth-service-build-defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "BluetoothHci.cpp",
         "net_bluetooth_mgmt.cpp",
     ],
-}
-
-cc_binary {
-    name: "android.hardware.bluetooth-service.default",
-    relative_install_path: "hw",
-    init_rc: ["bluetooth-service-default.rc"],
-    vintf_fragments: [":manifest_android.hardware.bluetooth-service.default.xml"],
-    vendor: true,
-    defaults: ["android.hardware.bluetooth-service-build-defaults"],
-    srcs: [
-        "service.cpp",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
     ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.bluetooth-V1-ndk",
-        "libbase",
-        "libbinder_ndk",
-        "libhidlbase",
-        "libutils",
-        "liblog",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libbluetoothhcihalimpl",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_fuzz {
-    name: "android.hardware.bluetooth-service.default_fuzzer",
-    host_supported: true,
-    defaults: ["service_fuzzer_defaults"],
-    srcs: [
-        "test/fuzzer.cpp",
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbluetooth_offload_hal_headers",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.bluetooth.async",
         "android.hardware.bluetooth.hci",
-        "android.hardware.bluetooth-V1-ndk",
-        "libbluetoothhcihalimpl",
-        "liblog",
     ],
-    fuzz_config: {
-        componentid: 27441,
-        cc: [
-            "mylesgw@google.com",
-        ],
-    },
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
+
+rust_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.bluetooth-service.default",
+    crate_name: "bluetooth_hci_hal_server",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    init_rc: ["bluetooth-service-default.rc"],
+    vintf_fragments: [":manifest_android.hardware.bluetooth-service.default.xml"],
+    vendor: true,
+    prefer_rlib: true,
+    srcs: ["main.rs"],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth-V1-rust",
+        "libbluetooth_offload_hal",
+        "libbluetooth_offload_leaudio_hci",
+        "libbinder_rs",
+        "liblogger",
+        "liblog_rust",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth.async",
+        "android.hardware.bluetooth.hci",
+        "libbluetoothhcihalimpl",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libc++",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
 }
 
 filegroup {
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.cpp b/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.cpp
index a247cb0..bcdb67e 100644
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.cpp
+++ b/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2024 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -16,18 +16,20 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "android.hardware.bluetooth.service.default"
 
-#include "BluetoothHci.h"
-
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <netdb.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <poll.h>
+#include <hal/ffi.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 
+#include <future>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "async_fd_watcher.h"
+#include "h4_protocol.h"
 #include "log/log.h"
+#include "net_bluetooth_mgmt.h"
 
 namespace {
 int SetTerminalRaw(int fd) {
@@ -44,12 +46,9 @@
 
 using namespace ::android::hardware::bluetooth::hci;
 using namespace ::android::hardware::bluetooth::async;
-using aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::Status;
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl {
 
-void OnDeath(void* cookie);
-
 std::optional<std::string> GetSystemProperty(const std::string& property) {
   std::array<char, PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX> value_array{0};
   auto value_len = property_get(property.c_str(), value_array.data(), nullptr);
@@ -63,302 +62,298 @@
   return str.compare(0, prefix.length(), prefix) == 0;
 }
 
-class BluetoothDeathRecipient {
+class Hal {
  public:
-  BluetoothDeathRecipient(BluetoothHci* hci) : mHci(hci) {}
-
-  void LinkToDeath(const std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothHciCallbacks>& cb) {
-    mCb = cb;
-    clientDeathRecipient_ = AIBinder_DeathRecipient_new(OnDeath);
-    auto linkToDeathReturnStatus = AIBinder_linkToDeath(
-        mCb->asBinder().get(), clientDeathRecipient_, this /* cookie */);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(linkToDeathReturnStatus != STATUS_OK,
-                        "Unable to link to death recipient");
+  Hal(const std::string& dev_path = "/dev/hvc5") {
+    char property_bytes[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+    property_get("vendor.ser.bt-uart", property_bytes, dev_path.c_str());
+    mDevPath = std::string(property_bytes);
   }
 
-  void UnlinkToDeath(const std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothHciCallbacks>& cb) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cb != mCb, "Unable to unlink mismatched pointers");
+  static void Initialize(void* instance,
+                         const struct hal_callbacks* callbacks) {
+    static_cast<Hal*>(instance)->Initialize(callbacks);
   }
 
-  void serviceDied() {
-    if (mCb != nullptr && !AIBinder_isAlive(mCb->asBinder().get())) {
-      ALOGE("Bluetooth remote service has died");
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("BluetoothDeathRecipient::serviceDied called but service not dead");
-      return;
-    }
-    {
-      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mHasDiedMutex);
-      has_died_ = true;
-    }
-    mHci->close();
+  static void Close(void* instance) { static_cast<Hal*>(instance)->Close(); }
+
+  static void SendCommand(void* instance, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    static_cast<Hal*>(instance)->SendCommand(
+        std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len));
   }
-  BluetoothHci* mHci;
-  std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothHciCallbacks> mCb;
-  AIBinder_DeathRecipient* clientDeathRecipient_;
-  bool getHasDied() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mHasDiedMutex);
-    return has_died_;
+
+  static void SendAcl(void* instance, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    static_cast<Hal*>(instance)->SendAcl(
+        std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len));
+  }
+
+  static void SendSco(void* instance, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    static_cast<Hal*>(instance)->SendSco(
+        std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len));
+  }
+
+  static void SendIso(void* instance, const uint8_t* data, size_t len) {
+    static_cast<Hal*>(instance)->SendIso(
+        std::vector<uint8_t>(data, data + len));
   }
 
  private:
-  std::mutex mHasDiedMutex;
-  bool has_died_{false};
-};
-
-void OnDeath(void* cookie) {
-  auto* death_recipient = static_cast<BluetoothDeathRecipient*>(cookie);
-  death_recipient->serviceDied();
-}
-
-BluetoothHci::BluetoothHci(const std::string& dev_path) {
-  char property_bytes[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-  property_get("vendor.ser.bt-uart", property_bytes, dev_path.c_str());
-  mDevPath = std::string(property_bytes);
-  mDeathRecipient = std::make_shared<BluetoothDeathRecipient>(this);
-}
-
-int BluetoothHci::getFdFromDevPath() {
-  int fd = open(mDevPath.c_str(), O_RDWR);
-  if (fd < 0) {
-    ALOGE("Could not connect to bt: %s (%s)", mDevPath.c_str(),
-          strerror(errno));
+  int getFdFromDevPath() {
+    int fd = open(mDevPath.c_str(), O_RDWR);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+      ALOGE("Could not connect to bt: %s (%s)", mDevPath.c_str(),
+            strerror(errno));
+      return fd;
+    }
+    if (int ret = SetTerminalRaw(fd) < 0) {
+      ALOGI("Could not make %s a raw terminal %d(%s)", mDevPath.c_str(), ret,
+            strerror(errno));
+    }
     return fd;
   }
-  if (int ret = SetTerminalRaw(fd) < 0) {
-    ALOGI("Could not make %s a raw terminal %d(%s)", mDevPath.c_str(), ret,
-          strerror(errno));
-  }
-  return fd;
-}
 
-void BluetoothHci::reset() {
-  // Send a reset command and wait until the command complete comes back.
+  void reset() {
+    // Send a reset command and wait until the command complete comes back.
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> reset = {0x03, 0x0c, 0x00};
+    std::vector<uint8_t> reset = {0x03, 0x0c, 0x00};
 
-  auto resetPromise = std::make_shared<std::promise<void>>();
-  auto resetFuture = resetPromise->get_future();
+    auto resetPromise = std::make_shared<std::promise<void>>();
+    auto resetFuture = resetPromise->get_future();
 
-  mH4 = std::make_shared<H4Protocol>(
-      mFd,
-      [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_command) {
-        ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with command type",
-              static_cast<int>(raw_command.size()));
-      },
-      [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_acl) {
-        ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with acl type",
-              static_cast<int>(raw_acl.size()));
-      },
-      [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_sco) {
-        ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with sco type",
-              static_cast<int>(raw_sco.size()));
-      },
-      [resetPromise](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_event) {
-        std::vector<uint8_t> reset_complete = {0x0e, 0x04, 0x01,
-                                               0x03, 0x0c, 0x00};
-        bool valid = raw_event.size() == 6 &&
-                     raw_event[0] == reset_complete[0] &&
-                     raw_event[1] == reset_complete[1] &&
-                     // Don't compare the number of packets field.
-                     raw_event[3] == reset_complete[3] &&
-                     raw_event[4] == reset_complete[4] &&
-                     raw_event[5] == reset_complete[5];
-        if (valid) {
-          resetPromise->set_value();
-        } else {
-          ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with event type",
-                static_cast<int>(raw_event.size()));
-        }
-      },
-      [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_iso) {
-        ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with iso type",
-              static_cast<int>(raw_iso.size()));
-      },
-      [this]() {
-        ALOGI("HCI socket device disconnected while waiting for reset");
-        mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
-      });
-  mFdWatcher.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(mFd,
-                                        [this](int) { mH4->OnDataReady(); });
+    mH4 = std::make_shared<H4Protocol>(
+        mFd,
+        [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_command) {
+          ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with command type",
+                static_cast<int>(raw_command.size()));
+        },
+        [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_acl) {
+          ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with acl type",
+                static_cast<int>(raw_acl.size()));
+        },
+        [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_sco) {
+          ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with sco type",
+                static_cast<int>(raw_sco.size()));
+        },
+        [resetPromise](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_event) {
+          std::vector<uint8_t> reset_complete = {0x0e, 0x04, 0x01,
+                                                 0x03, 0x0c, 0x00};
+          bool valid = raw_event.size() == 6 &&
+                       raw_event[0] == reset_complete[0] &&
+                       raw_event[1] == reset_complete[1] &&
+                       // Don't compare the number of packets field.
+                       raw_event[3] == reset_complete[3] &&
+                       raw_event[4] == reset_complete[4] &&
+                       raw_event[5] == reset_complete[5];
+          if (valid) {
+            resetPromise->set_value();
+          } else {
+            ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with event type",
+                  static_cast<int>(raw_event.size()));
+          }
+        },
+        [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_iso) {
+          ALOGI("Discarding %d bytes with iso type",
+                static_cast<int>(raw_iso.size()));
+        },
+        [this]() {
+          ALOGI("HCI socket device disconnected while waiting for reset");
+          mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+        });
+    mFdWatcher.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(mFd,
+                                          [this](int) { mH4->OnDataReady(); });
 
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus result = send(PacketType::COMMAND, reset);
-  if (!result.isOk()) {
-    ALOGE("Error sending reset command");
-  }
-  auto status = resetFuture.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
-  mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
-  if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
-    ALOGI("HCI Reset successful");
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("HCI Reset Response not received in one second");
-  }
-
-  resetPromise.reset();
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::initialize(
-    const std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothHciCallbacks>& cb) {
-  ALOGI(__func__);
-
-  if (cb == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE("cb == nullptr! -> Unable to call initializationComplete(ERR)");
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(STATUS_BAD_VALUE);
-  }
-
-  HalState old_state = HalState::READY;
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
-    if (mState != HalState::READY) {
-      old_state = mState;
+    if (!send(PacketType::COMMAND, reset)) {
+      ALOGE("Error sending reset command");
+    }
+    auto status = resetFuture.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
+    mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+    if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
+      ALOGI("HCI Reset successful");
     } else {
-      mState = HalState::INITIALIZING;
+      ALOGE("HCI Reset Response not received in one second");
     }
+
+    resetPromise.reset();
   }
 
-  if (old_state != HalState::READY) {
-    ALOGE("initialize: Unexpected State %d", static_cast<int>(old_state));
-    close();
-    cb->initializationComplete(Status::ALREADY_INITIALIZED);
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-  }
+  void Initialize(const struct hal_callbacks* callbacks) {
+    ALOGI(__func__);
 
-  mCb = cb;
-  management_.reset(new NetBluetoothMgmt);
-  mFd = management_->openHci();
-  if (mFd < 0) {
-    management_.reset();
+    HalState old_state = HalState::READY;
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
+      if (mState != HalState::READY) {
+        old_state = mState;
+      } else {
+        mState = HalState::INITIALIZING;
+      }
+    }
 
-    ALOGI("Unable to open Linux interface, trying default path.");
-    mFd = getFdFromDevPath();
+    if (old_state != HalState::READY) {
+      ALOGE("initialize: Unexpected State %d", static_cast<int>(old_state));
+      Close();
+      callbacks->initialization_complete(callbacks->handle,
+                                         STATUS_ALREADY_INITIALIZED);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    mCallbacks = std::make_unique<struct hal_callbacks>(*callbacks);
+    management_.reset(new NetBluetoothMgmt);
+    mFd = management_->openHci();
     if (mFd < 0) {
+      management_.reset();
+
+      ALOGI("Unable to open Linux interface, trying default path.");
+      mFd = getFdFromDevPath();
+      if (mFd < 0) {
+        mState = HalState::READY;
+        mCallbacks->initialization_complete(mCallbacks->handle,
+                                            STATUS_UNABLE_TO_OPEN_INTERFACE);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // TODO: HCI Reset on emulators since the bluetooth controller
+    // cannot be powered on/off during the HAL setup; and the stack
+    // might received spurious packets/events during boottime.
+    // Proper solution would be to use bt-virtio or vsock to better
+    // control the link to rootcanal and the controller lifetime.
+    const std::string kBoardProperty = "ro.product.board";
+    const std::string kCuttlefishBoard = "cutf";
+    auto board_name = GetSystemProperty(kBoardProperty);
+    if (board_name.has_value() &&
+        (starts_with(board_name.value(), "cutf") ||
+         starts_with(board_name.value(), "goldfish"))) {
+      reset();
+    }
+
+    mH4 = std::make_shared<H4Protocol>(
+        mFd,
+        [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* raw_command */) {
+          LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected command!");
+        },
+        [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_acl) {
+          mCallbacks->acl_received(mCallbacks->handle, raw_acl.data(),
+                                   raw_acl.size());
+        },
+        [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_sco) {
+          mCallbacks->sco_received(mCallbacks->handle, raw_sco.data(),
+                                   raw_sco.size());
+        },
+        [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_event) {
+          mCallbacks->event_received(mCallbacks->handle, raw_event.data(),
+                                     raw_event.size());
+        },
+        [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_iso) {
+          mCallbacks->iso_received(mCallbacks->handle, raw_iso.data(),
+                                   raw_iso.size());
+        },
+        [this]() {
+          ALOGI("HCI socket device disconnected");
+          mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+        });
+    mFdWatcher.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(mFd,
+                                          [this](int) { mH4->OnDataReady(); });
+
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
+      mState = HalState::ONE_CLIENT;
+    }
+
+    ALOGI("initialization complete");
+    mCallbacks->initialization_complete(mCallbacks->handle, STATUS_SUCCESS);
+  }
+
+  void Close() {
+    ALOGI(__func__);
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
+      if (mState != HalState::ONE_CLIENT) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mState == HalState::INITIALIZING,
+                            "mState is INITIALIZING");
+        ALOGI("Already closed");
+        return;
+      }
+      mCallbacks.reset();
+      mState = HalState::CLOSING;
+    }
+
+    mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+
+    if (management_) {
+      management_->closeHci();
+    } else {
+      ::close(mFd);
+    }
+
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
       mState = HalState::READY;
-      cb->initializationComplete(Status::UNABLE_TO_OPEN_INTERFACE);
-      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+      mH4 = nullptr;
     }
   }
 
-  mDeathRecipient->LinkToDeath(mCb);
-
-  // TODO: HCI Reset on emulators since the bluetooth controller
-  // cannot be powered on/off during the HAL setup; and the stack
-  // might received spurious packets/events during boottime.
-  // Proper solution would be to use bt-virtio or vsock to better
-  // control the link to rootcanal and the controller lifetime.
-  const std::string kBoardProperty = "ro.product.board";
-  const std::string kCuttlefishBoard = "cutf";
-  auto board_name = GetSystemProperty(kBoardProperty);
-  if (board_name.has_value() && (
-        starts_with(board_name.value(), "cutf") ||
-        starts_with(board_name.value(), "goldfish"))) {
-    reset();
+  void SendCommand(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+    send(PacketType::COMMAND, data);
+  }
+  void SendAcl(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+    send(PacketType::ACL_DATA, data);
+  }
+  void SendSco(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+    send(PacketType::SCO_DATA, data);
+  }
+  void SendIso(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data) {
+    send(PacketType::ISO_DATA, data);
   }
 
-  mH4 = std::make_shared<H4Protocol>(
-      mFd,
-      [](const std::vector<uint8_t>& /* raw_command */) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unexpected command!");
-      },
-      [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_acl) {
-        mCb->aclDataReceived(raw_acl);
-      },
-      [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_sco) {
-        mCb->scoDataReceived(raw_sco);
-      },
-      [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_event) {
-        mCb->hciEventReceived(raw_event);
-      },
-      [this](const std::vector<uint8_t>& raw_iso) {
-        mCb->isoDataReceived(raw_iso);
-      },
-      [this]() {
-        ALOGI("HCI socket device disconnected");
-        mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
-      });
-  mFdWatcher.WatchFdForNonBlockingReads(mFd,
-                                        [this](int) { mH4->OnDataReady(); });
-
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
-    mState = HalState::ONE_CLIENT;
-  }
-  ALOGI("initialization complete");
-  auto status = mCb->initializationComplete(Status::SUCCESS);
-  if (!status.isOk()) {
-    if (!mDeathRecipient->getHasDied()) {
-      ALOGE("Error sending init callback, but no death notification");
+  bool send(PacketType type, const std::vector<uint8_t>& v) {
+    if (v.empty()) {
+      ALOGE("Packet is empty, no data was found to be sent");
+      return false;
     }
-    close();
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(
-        STATUS_FAILED_TRANSACTION);
-  }
 
-  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::close() {
-  ALOGI(__func__);
-  {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
-    if (mState != HalState::ONE_CLIENT) {
-      LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mState == HalState::INITIALIZING,
-                          "mState is INITIALIZING");
-      ALOGI("Already closed");
-      return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    if (mH4 == nullptr) {
+      ALOGE("Illegal State");
+      return false;
     }
-    mState = HalState::CLOSING;
+
+    mH4->Send(type, v);
+    return true;
   }
 
-  mFdWatcher.StopWatchingFileDescriptors();
+  std::unique_ptr<struct hal_callbacks> mCallbacks;
+  std::string mDevPath;
+  int mFd{-1};
+  ::android::hardware::bluetooth::async::AsyncFdWatcher mFdWatcher;
+  std::shared_ptr<::android::hardware::bluetooth::hci::H4Protocol> mH4;
+  std::unique_ptr<NetBluetoothMgmt> management_{};
 
-  if (management_) {
-    management_->closeHci();
-  } else {
-    ::close(mFd);
-  }
-
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
-    mState = HalState::READY;
-    mH4 = nullptr;
-  }
-  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::sendHciCommand(
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) {
-  return send(PacketType::COMMAND, packet);
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::sendAclData(
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) {
-  return send(PacketType::ACL_DATA, packet);
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::sendScoData(
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) {
-  return send(PacketType::SCO_DATA, packet);
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::sendIsoData(
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) {
-  return send(PacketType::ISO_DATA, packet);
-}
-
-ndk::ScopedAStatus BluetoothHci::send(PacketType type,
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& v) {
-  if (v.empty()) {
-    ALOGE("Packet is empty, no data was found to be sent");
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-  }
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mStateMutex);
-  if (mH4 == nullptr) {
-    return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_STATE);
-  }
-
-  mH4->Send(type, v);
-  return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
-}
+  // Don't close twice or open before close is complete
+  std::mutex mStateMutex;
+  enum class HalState {
+    READY,
+    INITIALIZING,
+    ONE_CLIENT,
+    CLOSING,
+  } mState{HalState::READY};
+};
 
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl
+
+extern "C" {
+
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl;
+
+struct hal_interface hal_new() {
+  return (struct hal_interface){
+      .handle = new Hal(),
+      .initialize = &Hal::Initialize,
+      .close = &Hal::Close,
+      .send_command = &Hal::SendCommand,
+      .send_acl = &Hal::SendAcl,
+      .send_sco = &Hal::SendSco,
+      .send_iso = &Hal::SendIso,
+  };
+}
+}
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.h b/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 477cc5c..0000000
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/default/BluetoothHci.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/BnBluetoothHci.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/IBluetoothHciCallbacks.h>
-
-#include <future>
-#include <string>
-
-#include "async_fd_watcher.h"
-#include "h4_protocol.h"
-#include "net_bluetooth_mgmt.h"
-
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl {
-
-class BluetoothDeathRecipient;
-
-// This Bluetooth HAL implementation connects with a serial port at dev_path_.
-class BluetoothHci : public BnBluetoothHci {
- public:
-  BluetoothHci(const std::string& dev_path = "/dev/hvc5");
-
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus initialize(
-      const std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothHciCallbacks>& cb) override;
-
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus sendHciCommand(
-      const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) override;
-
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus sendAclData(const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) override;
-
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus sendScoData(const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) override;
-
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus sendIsoData(const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet) override;
-
-  ndk::ScopedAStatus close() override;
-
-  static void OnPacketReady();
-
-  static BluetoothHci* get();
-
- private:
-  int mFd{-1};
-  std::shared_ptr<IBluetoothHciCallbacks> mCb = nullptr;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<::android::hardware::bluetooth::hci::H4Protocol> mH4;
-
-  std::shared_ptr<BluetoothDeathRecipient> mDeathRecipient;
-
-  std::string mDevPath;
-
-  ::android::hardware::bluetooth::async::AsyncFdWatcher mFdWatcher;
-
-  int getFdFromDevPath();
-  [[nodiscard]] ndk::ScopedAStatus send(
-      ::android::hardware::bluetooth::hci::PacketType type,
-      const std::vector<uint8_t>& packet);
-  std::unique_ptr<NetBluetoothMgmt> management_{};
-
-  // Send a reset command and discard all packets until a reset is received.
-  void reset();
-
-  // Don't close twice or open before close is complete
-  std::mutex mStateMutex;
-  enum class HalState {
-    READY,
-    INITIALIZING,
-    ONE_CLIENT,
-    CLOSING,
-  } mState{HalState::READY};
-};
-
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/main.rs b/bluetooth/aidl/default/main.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b30162a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bluetooth/aidl/default/main.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright 2024, The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use android_hardware_bluetooth::aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::IBluetoothHci::{
+    self,
+    IBluetoothHci as _
+};
+use android_hardware_bluetooth::binder;
+use bluetooth_offload_hal::{ HciHalProxy, CInterface };
+use bluetooth_offload_leaudio_hci::LeAudioModuleBuilder;
+use log;
+use std::panic;
+
+fn new_hal() -> CInterface {
+    extern "C" { fn hal_new() -> CInterface; }
+    unsafe { hal_new() }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    logger::init(
+        logger::Config::default()
+            .with_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Debug)
+            .with_tag_on_device("android.hardware.bluetooth"),
+    );
+
+    panic::set_hook(Box::new(|panic_info| {
+        log::error!("{}", panic_info);
+    }));
+
+    log::info!("Bluetooth HAL starting up");
+
+    binder::ProcessState::set_thread_pool_max_thread_count(0);
+    binder::ProcessState::start_thread_pool();
+
+    binder::add_service(
+        &format!("{}/default", IBluetoothHci::BpBluetoothHci::get_descriptor()),
+        IBluetoothHci::BnBluetoothHci::new_binder(
+            HciHalProxy::new(
+                vec![ Box::new(LeAudioModuleBuilder {}) ],
+                new_hal()
+            ),
+            binder::BinderFeatures::default(),
+        ).as_binder()
+    ).expect("Failed to register service");
+
+    binder::ProcessState::join_thread_pool();
+}
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp b/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ef4b884..0000000
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/default/service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "aidl.android.hardware.bluetooth.service.default"
-
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/bluetooth/IBluetoothHci.h>
-#include <android/binder_manager.h>
-#include <android/binder_process.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
-#include <hidl/HidlTransportSupport.h>
-
-#include "BluetoothHci.h"
-
-using ::aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl::BluetoothHci;
-using ::android::hardware::configureRpcThreadpool;
-using ::android::hardware::joinRpcThreadpool;
-
-int main(int /* argc */, char** /* argv */) {
-  ALOGI("Bluetooth HAL starting");
-  if (!ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0)) {
-    ALOGI("failed to set thread pool max thread count");
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  std::shared_ptr<BluetoothHci> service =
-      ndk::SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothHci>();
-  std::string instance = std::string() + BluetoothHci::descriptor + "/default";
-  auto result =
-      AServiceManager_addService(service->asBinder().get(), instance.c_str());
-  if (result == STATUS_OK) {
-    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
-  } else {
-    ALOGE("Could not register as a service!");
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/bluetooth/aidl/default/test/fuzzer.cpp b/bluetooth/aidl/default/test/fuzzer.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e7a1eef..0000000
--- a/bluetooth/aidl/default/test/fuzzer.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <fuzzbinder/libbinder_ndk_driver.h>
-#include <fuzzer/FuzzedDataProvider.h>
-
-#include "BluetoothHci.h"
-
-using aidl::android::hardware::bluetooth::impl::BluetoothHci;
-using android::fuzzService;
-using ndk::SharedRefBase;
-
-extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
-  auto service = SharedRefBase::make<BluetoothHci>();
-
-  fuzzService(service->asBinder().get(), FuzzedDataProvider(data, size));
-
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/bump.py b/compatibility_matrices/bump.py
index 33b41ce..bbc4a11 100755
--- a/compatibility_matrices/bump.py
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/bump.py
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 #
-"""
-Creates the next compatibility matrix.
-"""
+"""Creates the next compatibility matrix."""
 
 import argparse
 import os
@@ -27,199 +25,354 @@
 
 
 def check_call(*args, **kwargs):
-    print(args)
-    subprocess.check_call(*args, **kwargs)
+  print(args)
+  subprocess.check_call(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 def check_output(*args, **kwargs):
-    print(args)
-    return subprocess.check_output(*args, **kwargs)
+  print(args)
+  return subprocess.check_output(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class Bump(object):
 
-    def __init__(self, cmdline_args):
-        self.top = pathlib.Path(os.environ["ANDROID_BUILD_TOP"])
-        self.interfaces_dir = self.top / "hardware/interfaces"
+  def __init__(self, cmdline_args):
+    self.top = pathlib.Path(os.environ["ANDROID_BUILD_TOP"])
+    self.interfaces_dir = self.top / "hardware/interfaces"
 
-        self.current_level = cmdline_args.current_level
-        self.current_letter = cmdline_args.current_letter
-        self.current_version = cmdline_args.platform_version
-        self.next_version = cmdline_args.next_platform_version
-        self.current_module_name = f"framework_compatibility_matrix.{self.current_level}.xml"
-        self.current_xml = self.interfaces_dir / f"compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.{self.current_level}.xml"
-        self.device_module_name = "framework_compatibility_matrix.device.xml"
+    self.current_level = cmdline_args.current_level
+    self.current_letter = cmdline_args.current_letter
+    self.current_version = cmdline_args.platform_version
+    self.next_version = cmdline_args.next_platform_version
+    self.current_module_name = (
+        f"framework_compatibility_matrix.{self.current_level}.xml"
+    )
+    self.current_xml = (
+        self.interfaces_dir
+        / f"compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.{self.current_level}.xml"
+    )
+    self.device_module_name = "framework_compatibility_matrix.device.xml"
 
-        self.next_level = cmdline_args.next_level
-        self.next_letter = cmdline_args.next_letter
-        self.next_module_name = f"framework_compatibility_matrix.{self.next_level}.xml"
-        self.next_xml = self.interfaces_dir / f"compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.{self.next_level}.xml"
+    self.next_level = cmdline_args.next_level
+    self.next_letter = cmdline_args.next_letter
+    self.current_sdk = cmdline_args.current_sdk
+    self.next_sdk = cmdline_args.next_sdk
+    self.next_module_name = (
+        f"framework_compatibility_matrix.{self.next_level}.xml"
+    )
+    self.next_xml = (
+        self.interfaces_dir
+        / f"compatibility_matrices/compatibility_matrix.{self.next_level}.xml"
+    )
 
-    def run(self):
-        self.bump_kernel_configs()
-        self.copy_matrix()
-        self.edit_android_bp()
-        self.bump_libvintf()
-        self.bump_libvts_vintf()
+  def run(self):
+    self.bump_kernel_configs()
+    self.copy_matrix()
+    self.edit_android_bp()
+    self.bump_libvintf()
+    self.bump_libvts_vintf()
+    self.bump_cuttlefish()
 
-    def bump_kernel_configs(self):
-        check_call([
-            self.top / "kernel/configs/tools/bump.py",
-            self.current_letter.lower(),
-            self.next_letter.lower(),
-        ])
+  def bump_kernel_configs(self):
+    check_call([
+        self.top / "kernel/configs/tools/bump.py",
+        self.current_letter.lower(),
+        self.next_letter.lower(),
+    ])
 
-    def copy_matrix(self):
-        with open(self.current_xml) as f_current, open(self.next_xml, "w") as f_next:
-            f_next.write(f_current.read().replace(f"level=\"{self.current_level}\"", f"level=\"{self.next_level}\""))
+  def copy_matrix(self):
+    with open(self.current_xml) as f_current, open(
+        self.next_xml, "w"
+    ) as f_next:
+      f_next.write(
+          f_current.read().replace(
+              f'level="{self.current_level}"', f'level="{self.next_level}"'
+          )
+      )
 
-    def edit_android_bp(self):
-        android_bp = self.interfaces_dir / "compatibility_matrices/Android.bp"
+  def edit_android_bp(self):
+    android_bp = self.interfaces_dir / "compatibility_matrices/Android.bp"
 
-        with open(android_bp, "r+") as f:
-            if self.next_module_name not in f.read():
-                f.seek(0, 2)  # end of file
-                f.write("\n")
-                f.write(
-                    textwrap.dedent(f"""\
+    with open(android_bp, "r+") as f:
+      if self.next_module_name not in f.read():
+        f.seek(0, 2)  # end of file
+        f.write("\n")
+        f.write(textwrap.dedent(f"""\
                         vintf_compatibility_matrix {{
                             name: "{self.next_module_name}",
                         }}
                     """))
 
-        next_kernel_configs = check_output(
-            """grep -rh name: | sed -E 's/^.*"(.*)".*/\\1/g'""",
-            cwd=self.top / "kernel/configs" /
-            self.next_letter.lower(),
-            text=True,
-            shell=True,
-        ).splitlines()
-        print(next_kernel_configs)
+    next_kernel_configs = check_output(
+        """grep -rh name: | sed -E 's/^.*"(.*)".*/\\1/g'""",
+        cwd=self.top / "kernel/configs" / self.next_letter.lower(),
+        text=True,
+        shell=True,
+    ).splitlines()
+    print(next_kernel_configs)
 
-        check_call([
-            "bpmodify", "-w", "-m", self.next_module_name, "-property", "stem",
-            "-str", self.next_xml.name, android_bp
-        ])
+    check_call([
+        "bpmodify",
+        "-w",
+        "-m",
+        self.next_module_name,
+        "-property",
+        "stem",
+        "-str",
+        self.next_xml.name,
+        android_bp,
+    ])
 
-        check_call([
-            "bpmodify", "-w", "-m", self.next_module_name, "-property", "srcs",
-            "-a",
-            self.next_xml.relative_to(android_bp.parent), android_bp
-        ])
+    check_call([
+        "bpmodify",
+        "-w",
+        "-m",
+        self.next_module_name,
+        "-property",
+        "srcs",
+        "-a",
+        self.next_xml.relative_to(android_bp.parent),
+        android_bp,
+    ])
 
-        check_call([
-            "bpmodify", "-w", "-m", self.next_module_name, "-property",
-            "kernel_configs", "-a", " ".join(next_kernel_configs), android_bp
-        ])
+    check_call([
+        "bpmodify",
+        "-w",
+        "-m",
+        self.next_module_name,
+        "-property",
+        "kernel_configs",
+        "-a",
+        " ".join(next_kernel_configs),
+        android_bp,
+    ])
 
-        # Replace the phony module's product_variables entry to add the new FCM
-        # to the development targets (trunk* configs).
-        lines = []
-        with open(android_bp) as f:
-            for line in f:
-              if f"                \"{self.current_module_name}\",\n" in line:
-                  lines.append(f"                \"{self.next_module_name}\",\n")
-              else:
-                  lines.append(line)
+    # Replace the phony module's product_variables entry to add the new FCM
+    # to the development targets (trunk* configs).
+    lines = []
+    with open(android_bp) as f:
+      for line in f:
+        if f'                "{self.current_module_name}",\n' in line:
+          lines.append(f'                "{self.next_module_name}",\n')
+        else:
+          lines.append(line)
 
-        with open(android_bp, "w") as f:
-            f.write("".join(lines))
+    with open(android_bp, "w") as f:
+      f.write("".join(lines))
 
-    def bump_libvintf(self):
-        if not self.current_version:
-            print("Skip libvintf update...")
-            return
-        try:
-            check_call(["grep", "-h",
-                        f"{self.next_letter.upper()} = {self.next_level}",
-                        f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/include/vintf/Level.h"])
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-            print("Adding new API level to libvintf")
-            add_lines_above(f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/analyze_matrix/analyze_matrix.cpp",
-                            "        case Level::UNSPECIFIED:",
-                            textwrap.indent(textwrap.dedent(f"""\
+  def bump_libvintf(self):
+    if not self.current_version:
+      print("Skip libvintf update...")
+      return
+    try:
+      check_call([
+          "grep",
+          "-h",
+          f"{self.next_letter.upper()} = {self.next_level}",
+          f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/include/vintf/Level.h",
+      ])
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+      print("Adding new API level to libvintf")
+      add_lines_above(
+          f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/analyze_matrix/analyze_matrix.cpp",
+          "        case Level::UNSPECIFIED:",
+          textwrap.indent(
+              textwrap.dedent(
+                  f"""\
                                     case Level::{self.next_letter.upper()}:
-                                        return "Android {self.next_version} ({self.next_letter.upper()})";"""),
-                            "    "*2))
-            add_lines_above(f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/include/vintf/Level.h",
-                            "    // To add new values:",
-                            f"    {self.next_letter.upper()} = {self.next_level},")
-            add_lines_above(f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/include/vintf/Level.h",
-                            "        Level::UNSPECIFIED,",
-                            f"        Level::{self.next_letter.upper()},")
-            add_lines_above(f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/RuntimeInfo.cpp",
-                            "            // Add more levels above this line.",
-                            textwrap.indent(textwrap.dedent(f"""\
+                                        return "Android {self.next_version} ({self.next_letter.upper()})";"""
+              ),
+              "    " * 2,
+          ),
+      )
+      add_lines_above(
+          f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/include/vintf/Level.h",
+          "    // To add new values:",
+          f"    {self.next_letter.upper()} = {self.next_level},",
+      )
+      add_lines_above(
+          f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/include/vintf/Level.h",
+          "        Level::UNSPECIFIED,",
+          f"        Level::{self.next_letter.upper()},",
+      )
+      add_lines_above(
+          f"{self.top}/system/libvintf/RuntimeInfo.cpp",
+          "            // Add more levels above this line.",
+          textwrap.indent(
+              textwrap.dedent(f"""\
                                         case {self.next_version}: {{
                                             ret = Level::{self.next_letter.upper()};
                                         }} break;"""),
-                            "    "*3))
+              "    " * 3,
+          ),
+      )
 
-    def bump_libvts_vintf(self):
-      if not self.current_version:
-        print("Skip libvts_vintf update...")
-        return
-      try:
-        check_call(["grep", "-h",
-                    f"{self.next_level}, Level::{self.next_letter.upper()}",
-                    f"{self.top}/test/vts-testcase/hal/treble/vintf/libvts_vintf_test_common/common.cpp"])
-        print("libvts_vintf is already up-to-date")
-      except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-        print("Adding new API level to libvts_vintf")
-        add_lines_below(f"{self.top}/test/vts-testcase/hal/treble/vintf/libvts_vintf_test_common/common.cpp",
-                        f"        {{{self.current_level}, Level::{self.current_letter.upper()}}},",
-                        f"        {{{self.next_level}, Level::{self.next_letter.upper()}}},\n")
+  def bump_libvts_vintf(self):
+    if not self.current_version:
+      print("Skip libvts_vintf update...")
+      return
+    try:
+      check_call([
+          "grep",
+          "-h",
+          f"{self.next_level}, Level::{self.next_letter.upper()}",
+          f"{self.top}/test/vts-testcase/hal/treble/vintf/libvts_vintf_test_common/common.cpp",
+      ])
+      print("libvts_vintf is already up-to-date")
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+      print("Adding new API level to libvts_vintf")
+      add_lines_below(
+          f"{self.top}/test/vts-testcase/hal/treble/vintf/libvts_vintf_test_common/common.cpp",
+          f"        {{{self.current_level},"
+          f" Level::{self.current_letter.upper()}}},",
+          f"        {{{self.next_level},"
+          f" Level::{self.next_letter.upper()}}},\n",
+      )
 
-def add_lines_above(file, pattern, lines):
-    with open(file, 'r+') as f:
-        text = f.read()
-        split_text = re.split(rf"\n{pattern}\n", text)
-        if len(split_text) != 2:
-            # Only one pattern must be found, otherwise the source must be
-            # changed unexpectedly.
-            raise Exception(
-                f'Pattern "{pattern}" not found or multiple patterns found in {file}')
-        f.seek(0)
-        f.write(f"\n{lines}\n{pattern}\n".join(split_text))
-        f.truncate()
-
-def add_lines_below(file, pattern, lines):
-    final_lines = []
-    with open(file, 'r+') as f:
+  def bump_cuttlefish(self):
+    if not self.next_sdk:
+      print("Skip Cuttlefish update...")
+      return
+    cf_mk_file = f"{self.top}/device/google/cuttlefish/shared/device.mk"
+    try:
+      check_call([
+          "grep",
+          "-h",
+          f"PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL := {self.next_sdk}",
+          cf_mk_file,
+      ])
+      print("Cuttlefish is already up-to-date")
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+      print("Bumping Cuttlefish to the next SHIPPING_API_LEVEL")
+      final_lines = []
+      with open(cf_mk_file, "r+") as f:
         for line in f:
-          final_lines.append(line)
-          if pattern in line:
-              final_lines.append(lines)
+          if f"PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL := {self.current_sdk}" in line:
+            final_lines.append(
+                f"PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL := {self.next_sdk}\n"
+            )
+          elif line.startswith("PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL :="):
+            # this is the previous SDK level.
+            final_lines.append(
+                f"PRODUCT_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL := {self.current_sdk}\n"
+            )
+          else:
+            final_lines.append(line)
         f.seek(0)
         f.write("".join(final_lines))
         f.truncate()
+    final_lines = []
+    with open(
+        f"{self.top}/device/google/cuttlefish/shared/config/previous_manifest.xml",
+        "r+",
+    ) as f:
+      for line in f:
+        if "target-level=" in line:
+          final_lines.append(
+              '<manifest version="1.0" type="device"'
+              f' target-level="{self.current_level}">\n'
+          )
+        else:
+          final_lines.append(line)
+      f.seek(0)
+      f.write("".join(final_lines))
+      f.truncate()
+
+    final_lines = []
+    with open(
+        f"{self.top}/device/google/cuttlefish/shared/config/manifest.xml", "r+"
+    ) as f:
+      for line in f:
+        if "target-level=" in line:
+          final_lines.append(
+              '<manifest version="1.0" type="device"'
+              f' target-level="{self.next_level}">\n'
+          )
+        else:
+          final_lines.append(line)
+      f.seek(0)
+      f.write("".join(final_lines))
+      f.truncate()
+
+
+def add_lines_above(file, pattern, lines):
+  with open(file, "r+") as f:
+    text = f.read()
+    split_text = re.split(rf"\n{pattern}\n", text)
+    if len(split_text) != 2:
+      # Only one pattern must be found, otherwise the source must be
+      # changed unexpectedly.
+      raise Exception(
+          f'Pattern "{pattern}" not found or multiple patterns found in {file}'
+      )
+    f.seek(0)
+    f.write(f"\n{lines}\n{pattern}\n".join(split_text))
+    f.truncate()
+
+
+def add_lines_below(file, pattern, lines):
+  final_lines = []
+  with open(file, "r+") as f:
+    for line in f:
+      final_lines.append(line)
+      if pattern in line:
+        final_lines.append(lines)
+    f.seek(0)
+    f.write("".join(final_lines))
+    f.truncate()
+
 
 def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
-    parser.add_argument("current_level",
-                        type=str,
-                        help="VINTF level of the current version (e.g. 202404)")
-    parser.add_argument("next_level",
-                        type=str,
-                        help="VINTF level of the next version (e.g. 202504)")
-    parser.add_argument("current_letter",
-                        type=str,
-                        help="Letter of the API level of the current version (e.g. b)")
-    parser.add_argument("next_letter",
-                        type=str,
-                        help="Letter of the API level of the next version (e.g. c)")
-    parser.add_argument("platform_version",
-                        type=str,
-                        nargs="?",
-                        help="Current Android release version number (e.g. 16)")
-    parser.add_argument("next_platform_version",
-                        type=str,
-                        nargs="?",
-                        help="Next Android release version number number (e.g. 17)")
-    cmdline_args = parser.parse_args()
+  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "current_level",
+      type=str,
+      help="VINTF level of the current version (e.g. 202404)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "next_level",
+      type=str,
+      help="VINTF level of the next version (e.g. 202504)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "current_letter",
+      type=str,
+      help="Letter of the API level of the current version (e.g. b)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "next_letter",
+      type=str,
+      help="Letter of the API level of the next version (e.g. c)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "platform_version",
+      type=str,
+      nargs="?",
+      help="Current Android release version number (e.g. 16)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "next_platform_version",
+      type=str,
+      nargs="?",
+      help="Next Android release version number number (e.g. 17)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "current_sdk",
+      type=str,
+      nargs="?",
+      help="Version of the current SDK API level (e.g. 36)",
+  )
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "next_sdk",
+      type=str,
+      nargs="?",
+      help="Version of the next SDK API level(e.g. 37)",
+  )
 
-    Bump(cmdline_args).run()
+  cmdline_args = parser.parse_args()
+
+  Bump(cmdline_args).run()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+  main()
diff --git a/compatibility_matrices/finalize.py b/compatibility_matrices/finalize.py
index ae048ea..1938278 100755
--- a/compatibility_matrices/finalize.py
+++ b/compatibility_matrices/finalize.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 #
-"""
-Finalizes the current compatibility matrix and allows `next` targets to
+"""Finalizes the current compatibility matrix and allows `next` targets to
+
 use the new FCM.
 """
 
@@ -28,52 +28,59 @@
 
 
 def check_call(*args, **kwargs):
-    print(args)
-    subprocess.check_call(*args, **kwargs)
+  print(args)
+  subprocess.check_call(*args, **kwargs)
+
 
 def check_output(*args, **kwargs):
-    print(args)
-    return subprocess.check_output(*args, **kwargs)
+  print(args)
+  return subprocess.check_output(*args, **kwargs)
+
 
 class Bump(object):
 
-    def __init__(self, cmdline_args):
-        self.top = pathlib.Path(os.environ["ANDROID_BUILD_TOP"])
-        self.interfaces_dir = self.top / "hardware/interfaces"
+  def __init__(self, cmdline_args):
+    self.top = pathlib.Path(os.environ["ANDROID_BUILD_TOP"])
+    self.interfaces_dir = self.top / "hardware/interfaces"
 
-        self.current_level = cmdline_args.current_level
-        self.current_module_name = f"framework_compatibility_matrix.{self.current_level}.xml"
-        self.device_module_name = "framework_compatibility_matrix.device.xml"
+    self.current_level = cmdline_args.current_level
+    self.current_module_name = (
+        f"framework_compatibility_matrix.{self.current_level}.xml"
+    )
+    self.device_module_name = "framework_compatibility_matrix.device.xml"
 
-    def run(self):
-        self.edit_android_bp()
+  def run(self):
+    self.edit_android_bp()
 
-    def edit_android_bp(self):
-        android_bp = self.interfaces_dir / "compatibility_matrices/Android.bp"
+  def edit_android_bp(self):
+    android_bp = self.interfaces_dir / "compatibility_matrices/Android.bp"
 
-        # update the SYSTEM_MATRIX_DEPS variable to unconditionally include the
-        # latests FCM. This adds the file to `next` configs so releasing devices
-        # can use the latest interfaces.
-        lines = []
-        with open(android_bp) as f:
-            for line in f:
-              if f"    \"{self.device_module_name}\",\n" in line:
-                  lines.append(f"    \"{self.current_module_name}\",\n")
+    # update the SYSTEM_MATRIX_DEPS variable to unconditionally include the
+    # latests FCM. This adds the file to `next` configs so releasing devices
+    # can use the latest interfaces.
+    lines = []
+    with open(android_bp) as f:
+      for line in f:
+        if f'    "{self.device_module_name}",\n' in line:
+          lines.append(f'    "{self.current_module_name}",\n')
 
-              lines.append(line)
+        lines.append(line)
 
-        with open(android_bp, "w") as f:
-            f.write("".join(lines))
+    with open(android_bp, "w") as f:
+      f.write("".join(lines))
+
 
 def main():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
-    parser.add_argument("current_level",
-                        type=str,
-                        help="VINTF level of the current version (e.g. 202404)")
-    cmdline_args = parser.parse_args()
+  parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+  parser.add_argument(
+      "current_level",
+      type=str,
+      help="VINTF level of the current version (e.g. 202404)",
+  )
+  cmdline_args = parser.parse_args()
 
-    Bump(cmdline_args).run()
+  Bump(cmdline_args).run()
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+  main()
diff --git a/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp b/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp
index d7859d9..900e6c9 100644
--- a/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/contexthub/aidl/vts/VtsAidlHalContextHubTargetTest.cpp
@@ -72,17 +72,30 @@
 constexpr int64_t kDefaultHubId = 1;
 
 class TestEndpointCallback;
+
 class ContextHubAidl : public testing::TestWithParam<std::tuple<std::string, int32_t>> {
   public:
     void SetUp() override {
         mContextHub = android::waitForDeclaredService<IContextHub>(
                 String16(std::get<0>(GetParam()).c_str()));
         ASSERT_NE(mContextHub, nullptr);
-        mEndpointCb = sp<TestEndpointCallback>::make();
     }
 
     uint32_t getHubId() { return std::get<1>(GetParam()); }
 
+    void testSettingChanged(Setting setting);
+
+    sp<IContextHub> mContextHub;
+};
+
+class ContextHubEndpointAidl : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        mContextHub = android::waitForDeclaredService<IContextHub>(String16(GetParam().c_str()));
+        ASSERT_NE(mContextHub, nullptr);
+        mEndpointCb = sp<TestEndpointCallback>::make();
+    }
+
     Status registerHub(int64_t id, sp<IEndpointCommunication>* hubInterface) {
         HubInfo info;
         info.hubId = id;
@@ -103,17 +116,15 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    void testSettingChanged(Setting setting);
-
     sp<IContextHub> mContextHub;
     sp<TestEndpointCallback> mEndpointCb;
     sp<IEndpointCommunication> mHubInterface;
 };
 
-class ContextHubAidlWithTestMode : public ContextHubAidl {
+class ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode : public ContextHubEndpointAidl {
   public:
     void SetUp() override {
-        ContextHubAidl::SetUp();
+        ContextHubEndpointAidl::SetUp();
 
         // Best effort enable test mode - this may not be supported on older HALS, so we
         // ignore the return value.
@@ -122,11 +133,11 @@
 
     void TearDown() override {
         mContextHub->setTestMode(/* enable= */ false);
-        ContextHubAidl::TearDown();
+        ContextHubEndpointAidl::TearDown();
     }
 };
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidl, TestGetHubs) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidl, TestGetHubs) {
     std::vector<ContextHubInfo> hubs;
     ASSERT_TRUE(mContextHub->getContextHubs(&hubs).isOk());
 
@@ -149,7 +160,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidl, TestEnableTestMode) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidl, TestEnableTestMode) {
     Status status = mContextHub->setTestMode(true);
     if (status.exceptionCode() == Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
         status.transactionError() == android::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION) {
@@ -159,7 +170,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidl, TestDisableTestMode) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidl, TestDisableTestMode) {
     Status status = mContextHub->setTestMode(false);
     if (status.exceptionCode() == Status::EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION ||
         status.transactionError() == android::UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION) {
@@ -585,7 +596,7 @@
     bool mWasOnEndpointSessionOpenCompleteCalled = false;
 };
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, RegisterHub) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, RegisterHub) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -604,7 +615,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, RegisterEndpoint) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, RegisterEndpoint) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -625,7 +636,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, RegisterEndpointSameNameFailure) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, RegisterEndpointSameNameFailure) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -655,7 +666,7 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(mHubInterface->registerEndpoint(endpointInfo2).isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, RegisterEndpointSameIdFailure) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, RegisterEndpointSameIdFailure) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -685,7 +696,7 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(mHubInterface->registerEndpoint(endpointInfo2).isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, UnregisterEndpoint) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, UnregisterEndpoint) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -708,7 +719,7 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mHubInterface->unregisterEndpoint(endpointInfo).isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, UnregisterEndpointNonexistent) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, UnregisterEndpointNonexistent) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -729,7 +740,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, OpenEndpointSessionInvalidRange) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, OpenEndpointSessionInvalidRange) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -775,7 +786,7 @@
                          .isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_P(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode, OpenEndpointSessionAndSendMessageEchoesBack) {
+TEST_P(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode, OpenEndpointSessionAndSendMessageEchoesBack) {
     if (!registerDefaultHub()) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "Not supported -> old API; or not implemented";
     }
@@ -845,9 +856,17 @@
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(ContextHub, ContextHubAidl, testing::ValuesIn(generateContextHubMapping()),
                          PrintGeneratedTest);
 
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(ContextHubAidlWithTestMode);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(ContextHub, ContextHubAidlWithTestMode,
-                         testing::ValuesIn(generateContextHubMapping()), PrintGeneratedTest);
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(ContextHubEndpointAidl);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        ContextHub, ContextHubEndpointAidl,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IContextHub::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        ContextHub, ContextHubEndpointAidlWithTestMode,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IContextHub::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(ContextHubTransactionTest);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(ContextHub, ContextHubTransactionTest,
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorAidl_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/allocator/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorAidl_TargetTest.cpp
index 0430ea7..22ad5f0 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorAidl_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsAllocatorAidl_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -162,11 +162,19 @@
     }
 
   private:
-    BufferDescriptor createDescriptor(const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo) {
-        BufferDescriptor descriptor;
+    std::optional<BufferDescriptor> createDescriptor(const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                                                     bool raise_failure) {
+        std::optional<BufferDescriptor> descriptor;
         mMapper4->createDescriptor(
                 convert(descriptorInfo), [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
-                    ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create descriptor";
+                    if (raise_failure) {
+                        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create descriptor";
+                    }
+
+                    if (tmpError != Error::NONE) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+
                     descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
                 });
 
@@ -174,19 +182,24 @@
     }
 
   public:
-    std::unique_ptr<BufferHandle> allocate(const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo) {
+    std::unique_ptr<BufferHandle> allocate(const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                                           bool raise_failure = true) {
         AllocationResult result;
         ::ndk::ScopedAStatus status;
         if (mIAllocatorVersion >= 2) {
             status = mAllocator->allocate2(descriptorInfo, 1, &result);
         } else {
-            auto descriptor = createDescriptor(descriptorInfo);
+            auto descriptor = createDescriptor(descriptorInfo, raise_failure);
+            if (!descriptor.has_value()) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+
             if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
                 return nullptr;
             }
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
-            status = mAllocator->allocate(descriptor, 1, &result);
+            status = mAllocator->allocate(descriptor.value(), 1, &result);
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop  // deprecation
         }
         if (!status.isOk()) {
@@ -380,7 +393,7 @@
             .reservedSize = 0,
     };
     const bool supported = isSupported(info);
-    auto buffer = allocate(info);
+    auto buffer = allocate(info, /*raise_failure=*/supported);
     if (!supported) {
         ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, buffer.get())
                 << "Allocation succeeded, but IMapper::isSupported was false";
@@ -422,7 +435,7 @@
             .reservedSize = 0,
     };
     const bool supported = isSupported(info);
-    auto buffer = allocate(info);
+    auto buffer = allocate(info, /*raise_failure=*/supported);
     if (!supported) {
         ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, buffer.get())
                 << "Allocation succeeded, but IMapper::isSupported was false";
@@ -480,4 +493,4 @@
         [](auto info) -> std::string {
             std::string name = std::to_string(info.index) + "/" + std::get<1>(info.param).name;
             return Sanitize(name);
-        });
\ No newline at end of file
+        });
diff --git a/graphics/composer/TEST_MAPPING b/graphics/composer/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8513c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest"
+    }
+  ],
+  "desktop-presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest"
+    }
+  ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h
index 2196530..da6001a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/include/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
         for (auto& [layerId, luts] : displayLuts.layerLuts) {
             if (luts.pfd.get() >= 0) {
                 data.layerLuts.push_back(
-                        {layerId, Luts{ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(luts.pfd.release()), luts.offsets,
+                        {layerId, Luts{ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(dup(luts.pfd.get())), luts.offsets,
                                        luts.lutProperties}});
             }
         }
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1955fcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_android_core_graphics_stack",
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "hardware_interfaces_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    // SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libhwc_aidl_test",
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    defaults: [
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+        "librenderengine_deps",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common-ndk_static",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "ComposerClientWrapper.cpp",
+        "GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp",
+        "Readback.cpp",
+        "RenderEngine.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libEGL",
+        "libGLESv2",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libbase",
+        "libsync",
+        "libui",
+        "libgui",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
+        "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
+        "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
+        "libaidlcommonsupport",
+        "libarect",
+        "libbase",
+        "libfmq",
+        "libgtest",
+        "librenderengine",
+        "libsync",
+        "libsurfaceflinger_common",
+    ],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wconversion",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/ComposerClientWrapper.cpp
similarity index 65%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/ComposerClientWrapper.cpp
index f09482c..8af1fc3 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/ComposerClientWrapper.cpp
@@ -14,19 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "VtsComposerClient.h"
+#include "ComposerClientWrapper.h"
 #include <aidlcommonsupport/NativeHandle.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
-#define LOG_TAG "VtsComposerClient"
+#define LOG_TAG "ComposerClientWrapper"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
-VtsComposerClient::VtsComposerClient(const std::string& name) {
+ComposerClientWrapper::ComposerClientWrapper(const std::string& name) {
     SpAIBinder binder(AServiceManager_waitForService(name.c_str()));
     ALOGE_IF(binder == nullptr, "Could not initialize the service binder");
     if (binder != nullptr) {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::createClient() {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::createClient() {
     if (mComposer == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("IComposer not initialized");
         return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposerClient::INVALID_CONFIGURATION);
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@
     return mComposerClient->registerCallback(mComposerCallback);
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::tearDown(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+bool ComposerClientWrapper::tearDown(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
     return verifyComposerCallbackParams() && destroyAllLayers(writer);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getInterfaceVersion() const {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getInterfaceVersion() const {
     int32_t version = 1;
     if (!mComposerClient) {
         return {ScopedAStatus{nullptr}, version};
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
     return {std::move(status), version};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, VirtualDisplay> VtsComposerClient::createVirtualDisplay(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, VirtualDisplay> ComposerClientWrapper::createVirtualDisplay(
         int32_t width, int32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat, int32_t bufferSlotCount) {
     VirtualDisplay outVirtualDisplay;
     auto status = mComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(width, height, pixelFormat, bufferSlotCount,
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
             outVirtualDisplay};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::destroyVirtualDisplay(int64_t display) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::destroyVirtualDisplay(int64_t display) {
     auto status = mComposerClient->destroyVirtualDisplay(display);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         return status;
@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@
     return status;
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> VtsComposerClient::createLayer(int64_t display,
-                                                                 int32_t bufferSlotCount,
-                                                                 ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> ComposerClientWrapper::createLayer(int64_t display,
+                                                                     int32_t bufferSlotCount,
+                                                                     ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
     if (mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer) {
         int64_t layer = mNextLayerHandle++;
         writer->setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display, layer,
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@
     return {addLayerToDisplayResources(display, outLayer), outLayer};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer,
-                                              ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer,
+                                                  ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
     if (mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer) {
         writer->setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display, layer,
                                                   LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
@@ -132,27 +132,27 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getActiveConfig(int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getActiveConfig(int64_t display) {
     int32_t outConfig;
     return {mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(display, &outConfig), outConfig};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setActiveConfig(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config) {
-    auto status = mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config);
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setActiveConfig(DisplayWrapper* display, int32_t config) {
+    auto status = mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(display->getDisplayId(), config);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         return status;
     }
-    return updateDisplayProperties(vtsDisplay, config);
+    return updateDisplayProperties(display, config);
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setPeakRefreshRateConfig(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay) {
-    const auto displayId = vtsDisplay->getDisplayId();
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setPeakRefreshRateConfig(DisplayWrapper* display) {
+    const auto displayId = display->getDisplayId();
     auto [activeStatus, activeConfig] = getActiveConfig(displayId);
     EXPECT_TRUE(activeStatus.isOk());
-    auto peakDisplayConfig = vtsDisplay->getDisplayConfig(activeConfig);
+    auto peakDisplayConfig = display->getDisplayConfig(activeConfig);
     auto peakConfig = activeConfig;
 
-    const auto displayConfigs = vtsDisplay->getDisplayConfigs();
+    const auto displayConfigs = display->getDisplayConfigs();
     for (const auto [config, displayConfig] : displayConfigs) {
         if (displayConfig.configGroup == peakDisplayConfig.configGroup &&
             displayConfig.vsyncPeriod < peakDisplayConfig.vsyncPeriod) {
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@
             peakConfig = config;
         }
     }
-    return setActiveConfig(vtsDisplay, peakConfig);
+    return setActiveConfig(display, peakConfig);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayAttribute(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayAttribute(
         int64_t display, int32_t config, DisplayAttribute displayAttribute) {
     int32_t outDisplayAttribute;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(display, config, displayAttribute,
@@ -171,58 +171,59 @@
             outDisplayAttribute};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setPowerMode(int64_t display, PowerMode powerMode) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setPowerMode(int64_t display, PowerMode powerMode) {
     return mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display, powerMode);
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setVsync(int64_t display, bool enable) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setVsync(int64_t display, bool enable) {
     return mComposerClient->setVsyncEnabled(display, enable);
 }
 
-void VtsComposerClient::setVsyncAllowed(bool isAllowed) {
+void ComposerClientWrapper::setVsyncAllowed(bool isAllowed) {
     mComposerCallback->setVsyncAllowed(isAllowed);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<float>> VtsComposerClient::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<float>> ComposerClientWrapper::getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(
         Dataspace dataspace) {
     std::vector<float> outMatrix;
     return {mComposerClient->getDataspaceSaturationMatrix(dataspace, &outMatrix), outMatrix};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<CommandResultPayload>> VtsComposerClient::executeCommands(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<CommandResultPayload>> ComposerClientWrapper::executeCommands(
         const std::vector<DisplayCommand>& commands) {
     std::vector<CommandResultPayload> outResultPayload;
     return {mComposerClient->executeCommands(commands, &outResultPayload),
             std::move(outResultPayload)};
 }
 
-std::optional<VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline> VtsComposerClient::takeLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline() {
+std::optional<VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline>
+ComposerClientWrapper::takeLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline() {
     return mComposerCallback->takeLastVsyncPeriodChangeTimeline();
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setContentType(int64_t display, ContentType contentType) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setContentType(int64_t display, ContentType contentType) {
     return mComposerClient->setContentType(display, contentType);
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline>
-VtsComposerClient::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config,
-                                                  const VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& constraints) {
+ComposerClientWrapper::setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
+        DisplayWrapper* display, int32_t config, const VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& constraints) {
     VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline outTimeline;
-    auto status = mComposerClient->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
-            vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, constraints, &outTimeline);
+    auto status = mComposerClient->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(display->getDisplayId(), config,
+                                                                  constraints, &outTimeline);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         return {std::move(status), outTimeline};
     }
-    return {updateDisplayProperties(vtsDisplay, config), outTimeline};
+    return {updateDisplayProperties(display, config), outTimeline};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayCapability>> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayCapabilities(
-        int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayCapability>>
+ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayCapabilities(int64_t display) {
     std::vector<DisplayCapability> outCapabilities;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(display, &outCapabilities), outCapabilities};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::dumpDebugInfo() {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::dumpDebugInfo() {
     int pipefds[2];
     if (pipe(pipefds) < 0) {
         return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposer::EX_NO_RESOURCES);
@@ -234,76 +235,79 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::fromStatus(status);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayIdentification> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayIdentificationData(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayIdentification> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayIdentificationData(
         int64_t display) {
     DisplayIdentification outDisplayIdentification;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(display, &outDisplayIdentification),
             outDisplayIdentification};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, HdrCapabilities> VtsComposerClient::getHdrCapabilities(int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, HdrCapabilities> ComposerClientWrapper::getHdrCapabilities(
+        int64_t display) {
     HdrCapabilities outHdrCapabilities;
     return {mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(display, &outHdrCapabilities), outHdrCapabilities};
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<PerFrameMetadataKey>>
-VtsComposerClient::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(int64_t display) {
+ComposerClientWrapper::getPerFrameMetadataKeys(int64_t display) {
     std::vector<PerFrameMetadataKey> outPerFrameMetadataKeys;
     return {mComposerClient->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(display, &outPerFrameMetadataKeys),
             outPerFrameMetadataKeys};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, ReadbackBufferAttributes> VtsComposerClient::getReadbackBufferAttributes(
-        int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, ReadbackBufferAttributes>
+ComposerClientWrapper::getReadbackBufferAttributes(int64_t display) {
     ReadbackBufferAttributes outReadbackBufferAttributes;
     return {mComposerClient->getReadbackBufferAttributes(display, &outReadbackBufferAttributes),
             outReadbackBufferAttributes};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setReadbackBuffer(int64_t display, const native_handle_t* buffer,
-                                                   const ScopedFileDescriptor& releaseFence) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setReadbackBuffer(int64_t display,
+                                                       const native_handle_t* buffer,
+                                                       const ScopedFileDescriptor& releaseFence) {
     return mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(display, ::android::dupToAidl(buffer), releaseFence);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, ScopedFileDescriptor> VtsComposerClient::getReadbackBufferFence(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, ScopedFileDescriptor> ComposerClientWrapper::getReadbackBufferFence(
         int64_t display) {
     ScopedFileDescriptor outReleaseFence;
     return {mComposerClient->getReadbackBufferFence(display, &outReleaseFence),
             std::move(outReleaseFence)};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<ColorMode>> VtsComposerClient::getColorModes(int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<ColorMode>> ComposerClientWrapper::getColorModes(
+        int64_t display) {
     std::vector<ColorMode> outColorModes;
     return {mComposerClient->getColorModes(display, &outColorModes), outColorModes};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<RenderIntent>> VtsComposerClient::getRenderIntents(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<RenderIntent>> ComposerClientWrapper::getRenderIntents(
         int64_t display, ColorMode colorMode) {
     std::vector<RenderIntent> outRenderIntents;
     return {mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(display, colorMode, &outRenderIntents),
             outRenderIntents};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setColorMode(int64_t display, ColorMode colorMode,
-                                              RenderIntent renderIntent) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setColorMode(int64_t display, ColorMode colorMode,
+                                                  RenderIntent renderIntent) {
     return mComposerClient->setColorMode(display, colorMode, renderIntent);
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayContentSamplingAttributes>
-VtsComposerClient::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(int64_t display) {
+ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(int64_t display) {
     DisplayContentSamplingAttributes outAttributes;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display, &outAttributes),
             outAttributes};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
         int64_t display, bool isEnabled, FormatColorComponent formatColorComponent,
         int64_t maxFrames) {
     return mComposerClient->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(display, isEnabled,
                                                                formatColorComponent, maxFrames);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayContentSample> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayedContentSample(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayContentSample> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayedContentSample(
         int64_t display, int64_t maxFrames, int64_t timestamp) {
     DisplayContentSample outDisplayContentSample;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSample(display, maxFrames, timestamp,
@@ -311,14 +315,14 @@
             outDisplayContentSample};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayConnectionType> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConnectionType(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, DisplayConnectionType> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayConnectionType(
         int64_t display) {
     DisplayConnectionType outDisplayConnectionType;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayConnectionType(display, &outDisplayConnectionType),
             outDisplayConnectionType};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<int32_t>> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConfigs(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<int32_t>> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayConfigs(
         int64_t display) {
     std::vector<int32_t> outConfigs;
     if (!getDisplayConfigurationSupported()) {
@@ -336,132 +340,131 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>>
-VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConfigurations(int64_t display) {
+ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayConfigurations(int64_t display) {
     std::vector<DisplayConfiguration> outConfigs;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigurations(display, kMaxFrameIntervalNs, &outConfigs),
             outConfigs};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::notifyExpectedPresent(int64_t display,
-                                                       ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime,
-                                                       int frameIntervalNs) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::notifyExpectedPresent(
+        int64_t display, ClockMonotonicTimestamp expectedPresentTime, int frameIntervalNs) {
     return mComposerClient->notifyExpectedPresent(display, expectedPresentTime, frameIntervalNs);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayVsyncPeriod(int64_t display) {
     int32_t outVsyncPeriodNanos;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayVsyncPeriod(display, &outVsyncPeriodNanos),
             outVsyncPeriodNanos};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setAutoLowLatencyMode(int64_t display, bool isEnabled) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setAutoLowLatencyMode(int64_t display, bool isEnabled) {
     return mComposerClient->setAutoLowLatencyMode(display, isEnabled);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<ContentType>> VtsComposerClient::getSupportedContentTypes(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<ContentType>> ComposerClientWrapper::getSupportedContentTypes(
         int64_t display) {
     std::vector<ContentType> outContentTypes;
     return {mComposerClient->getSupportedContentTypes(display, &outContentTypes), outContentTypes};
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::optional<DisplayDecorationSupport>>
-VtsComposerClient::getDisplayDecorationSupport(int64_t display) {
+ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayDecorationSupport(int64_t display) {
     std::optional<DisplayDecorationSupport> outSupport;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayDecorationSupport(display, &outSupport), outSupport};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getMaxVirtualDisplayCount() {
     int32_t outMaxVirtualDisplayCount;
     return {mComposerClient->getMaxVirtualDisplayCount(&outMaxVirtualDisplayCount),
             outMaxVirtualDisplayCount};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::string> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayName(int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::string> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayName(int64_t display) {
     std::string outDisplayName;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayName(display, &outDisplayName), outDisplayName};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setClientTargetSlotCount(int64_t display,
-                                                          int32_t bufferSlotCount) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setClientTargetSlotCount(int64_t display,
+                                                              int32_t bufferSlotCount) {
     return mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display, bufferSlotCount);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<Capability>> VtsComposerClient::getCapabilities() {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<Capability>> ComposerClientWrapper::getCapabilities() {
     std::vector<Capability> outCapabilities;
     return {mComposer->getCapabilities(&outCapabilities), outCapabilities};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setBootDisplayConfig(int64_t display, int32_t config) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setBootDisplayConfig(int64_t display, int32_t config) {
     return mComposerClient->setBootDisplayConfig(display, config);
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::clearBootDisplayConfig(int64_t display) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::clearBootDisplayConfig(int64_t display) {
     return mComposerClient->clearBootDisplayConfig(display);
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(
         int64_t display) {
     int32_t outConfig;
     return {mComposerClient->getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(display, &outConfig), outConfig};
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<common::HdrConversionCapability>>
-VtsComposerClient::getHdrConversionCapabilities() {
+ComposerClientWrapper::getHdrConversionCapabilities() {
     std::vector<common::HdrConversionCapability> hdrConversionCapability;
     return {mComposerClient->getHdrConversionCapabilities(&hdrConversionCapability),
             hdrConversionCapability};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, common::Hdr> VtsComposerClient::setHdrConversionStrategy(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, common::Hdr> ComposerClientWrapper::setHdrConversionStrategy(
         const common::HdrConversionStrategy& conversionStrategy) {
     common::Hdr preferredHdrOutputType;
     return {mComposerClient->setHdrConversionStrategy(conversionStrategy, &preferredHdrOutputType),
             preferredHdrOutputType};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, common::Transform> VtsComposerClient::getDisplayPhysicalOrientation(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, common::Transform> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayPhysicalOrientation(
         int64_t display) {
     common::Transform outDisplayOrientation;
     return {mComposerClient->getDisplayPhysicalOrientation(display, &outDisplayOrientation),
             outDisplayOrientation};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, composer3::OverlayProperties> VtsComposerClient::getOverlaySupport() {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, composer3::OverlayProperties> ComposerClientWrapper::getOverlaySupport() {
     OverlayProperties properties;
     return {mComposerClient->getOverlaySupport(&properties), properties};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setIdleTimerEnabled(int64_t display, int32_t timeoutMs) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setIdleTimerEnabled(int64_t display, int32_t timeoutMs) {
     return mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(display, timeoutMs);
 }
 
-int32_t VtsComposerClient::getVsyncIdleCount() {
+int32_t ComposerClientWrapper::getVsyncIdleCount() {
     return mComposerCallback->getVsyncIdleCount();
 }
 
-int64_t VtsComposerClient::getVsyncIdleTime() {
+int64_t ComposerClientWrapper::getVsyncIdleTime() {
     return mComposerCallback->getVsyncIdleTime();
 }
 
-ndk::ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(int64_t display,
-                                                                                bool enabled) {
+ndk::ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(int64_t display,
+                                                                                    bool enabled) {
     mComposerCallback->setRefreshRateChangedDebugDataEnabledCallbackAllowed(enabled);
     return mComposerClient->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(display, enabled);
 }
 
 std::vector<RefreshRateChangedDebugData>
-VtsComposerClient::takeListOfRefreshRateChangedDebugData() {
+ComposerClientWrapper::takeListOfRefreshRateChangedDebugData() {
     return mComposerCallback->takeListOfRefreshRateChangedDebugData();
 }
 
-int64_t VtsComposerClient::getInvalidDisplayId() {
+int64_t ComposerClientWrapper::getInvalidDisplayId() {
     // returns an invalid display id (one that has not been registered to a
     // display. Currently assuming that a device will never have close to
     // std::numeric_limit<uint64_t>::max() displays registered while running tests
     int64_t id = std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max();
-    std::vector<int64_t> displays = mComposerCallback->getDisplays();
+    std::vector<int64_t> displayIds = mComposerCallback->getDisplays();
     while (id > 0) {
-        if (std::none_of(displays.begin(), displays.end(),
+        if (std::none_of(displayIds.begin(), displayIds.end(),
                          [id](const auto& display) { return id == display; })) {
             return id;
         }
@@ -475,86 +478,87 @@
     return id;
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<VtsDisplay>> VtsComposerClient::getDisplays() {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayWrapper>> ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplays() {
     while (true) {
         // Sleep for a small period of time to allow all built-in displays
         // to post hotplug events
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(5ms);
-        std::vector<int64_t> displays = mComposerCallback->getDisplays();
-        if (displays.empty()) {
+        std::vector<int64_t> displayIds = mComposerCallback->getDisplays();
+        if (displayIds.empty()) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        std::vector<VtsDisplay> vtsDisplays;
-        vtsDisplays.reserve(displays.size());
-        for (int64_t display : displays) {
-            auto vtsDisplay = VtsDisplay{display};
+        std::vector<DisplayWrapper> displays;
+        displays.reserve(displayIds.size());
+        for (int64_t displayId : displayIds) {
+            auto display = DisplayWrapper{displayId};
             if (getDisplayConfigurationSupported()) {
-                auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(display);
+                auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(displayId);
                 if (!status.isOk()) {
                     ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get the DisplayConfigs "
-                          "for display %" PRId64,
-                          display);
-                    return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
+                          "for displayId %" PRId64,
+                          displayId);
+                    return {std::move(status), displays};
                 }
-                addDisplayConfigs(&vtsDisplay, configs);
+                addDisplayConfigs(&display, configs);
             } else {
-                auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigs(display);
+                auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigs(displayId);
                 if (!status.isOk()) {
                     ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get the configs "
-                          "for display %" PRId64,
-                          display);
-                    return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
+                          "for displayId %" PRId64,
+                          displayId);
+                    return {std::move(status), displays};
                 }
                 for (int config : configs) {
-                    status = addDisplayConfigLegacy(&vtsDisplay, config);
+                    status = addDisplayConfigLegacy(&display, config);
                     if (!status.isOk()) {
                         ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to add config "
-                              "for display %" PRId64,
-                              display);
-                        return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
+                              "for displayId %" PRId64,
+                              displayId);
+                        return {std::move(status), displays};
                     }
                 }
             }
-            auto activeConfig = getActiveConfig(display);
+            auto activeConfig = getActiveConfig(displayId);
             if (!activeConfig.first.isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, failed to get active config "
-                      "for display %" PRId64,
-                      display);
-                return {std::move(activeConfig.first), vtsDisplays};
+                      "for displayId %" PRId64,
+                      displayId);
+                return {std::move(activeConfig.first), displays};
             }
-            auto status = updateDisplayProperties(&vtsDisplay, activeConfig.second);
+            auto status = updateDisplayProperties(&display, activeConfig.second);
             if (!status.isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("Unable to get the displays for test, "
                       "failed to update the properties "
-                      "for display %" PRId64,
-                      display);
-                return {std::move(status), vtsDisplays};
+                      "for displayId %" PRId64,
+                      displayId);
+                return {std::move(status), displays};
             }
 
-            vtsDisplays.emplace_back(vtsDisplay);
-            addDisplayToDisplayResources(display, /*isVirtual*/ false);
+            displays.emplace_back(display);
+            addDisplayToDisplayResources(displayId, /*isVirtual*/ false);
         }
 
-        return {ScopedAStatus::ok(), vtsDisplays};
+        return {ScopedAStatus::ok(), displays};
     }
 }
 
-void VtsComposerClient::addDisplayConfigs(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay,
-                                          const std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>& configs) {
+void ComposerClientWrapper::addDisplayConfigs(DisplayWrapper* display,
+                                              const std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>& configs) {
     for (const auto& config : configs) {
-        vtsDisplay->addDisplayConfig(config.configId,
-                                     {config.vsyncPeriod, config.configGroup, config.vrrConfig});
+        display->addDisplayConfig(config.configId,
+                                  {config.vsyncPeriod, config.configGroup, config.vrrConfig});
     }
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::addDisplayConfigLegacy(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::addDisplayConfigLegacy(DisplayWrapper* display,
+                                                            int32_t config) {
     const auto vsyncPeriod =
-            getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
+            getDisplayAttribute(display->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
     const auto configGroup =
-            getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::CONFIG_GROUP);
+            getDisplayAttribute(display->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::CONFIG_GROUP);
     if (vsyncPeriod.first.isOk() && configGroup.first.isOk()) {
-        vtsDisplay->addDisplayConfig(config, {vsyncPeriod.second, configGroup.second});
+        display->addDisplayConfig(config, {vsyncPeriod.second, configGroup.second});
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
 
@@ -563,13 +567,14 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_CONFIG);
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::updateDisplayProperties(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::updateDisplayProperties(DisplayWrapper* display,
+                                                             int32_t config) {
     if (getDisplayConfigurationSupported()) {
-        auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId());
+        auto [status, configs] = getDisplayConfigurations(display->getDisplayId());
         if (status.isOk()) {
             for (const auto& displayConfig : configs) {
                 if (displayConfig.configId == config) {
-                    vtsDisplay->setDimensions(displayConfig.width, displayConfig.height);
+                    display->setDimensions(displayConfig.width, displayConfig.height);
                     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
                 }
             }
@@ -577,11 +582,11 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update display property with DisplayConfig";
     } else {
         const auto width =
-                getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::WIDTH);
+                getDisplayAttribute(display->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::WIDTH);
         const auto height =
-                getDisplayAttribute(vtsDisplay->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::HEIGHT);
+                getDisplayAttribute(display->getDisplayId(), config, DisplayAttribute::HEIGHT);
         if (width.first.isOk() && height.first.isOk()) {
-            vtsDisplay->setDimensions(width.second, height.second);
+            display->setDimensions(width.second, height.second);
             return ScopedAStatus::ok();
         }
 
@@ -591,7 +596,7 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_CONFIG);
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::addDisplayToDisplayResources(int64_t display, bool isVirtual) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::addDisplayToDisplayResources(int64_t display, bool isVirtual) {
     if (mDisplayResources.insert({display, DisplayResource(isVirtual)}).second) {
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
     }
@@ -600,7 +605,7 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::addLayerToDisplayResources(int64_t display, int64_t layer) {
+ScopedAStatus ComposerClientWrapper::addLayerToDisplayResources(int64_t display, int64_t layer) {
     auto resource = mDisplayResources.find(display);
     if (resource == mDisplayResources.end()) {
         resource = mDisplayResources.insert({display, DisplayResource(false)}).first;
@@ -613,14 +618,14 @@
     return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-void VtsComposerClient::removeLayerFromDisplayResources(int64_t display, int64_t layer) {
+void ComposerClientWrapper::removeLayerFromDisplayResources(int64_t display, int64_t layer) {
     auto resource = mDisplayResources.find(display);
     if (resource != mDisplayResources.end()) {
         resource->second.layers.erase(layer);
     }
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::verifyComposerCallbackParams() {
+bool ComposerClientWrapper::verifyComposerCallbackParams() {
     bool isValid = true;
     if (mComposerCallback != nullptr) {
         if (mComposerCallback->getInvalidHotplugCount() != 0) {
@@ -651,14 +656,14 @@
     return isValid;
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::getDisplayConfigurationSupported() const {
+bool ComposerClientWrapper::getDisplayConfigurationSupported() const {
     auto [status, interfaceVersion] = getInterfaceVersion();
     EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     // getDisplayConfigurations api is supported starting interface version 3
     return interfaceVersion >= 3;
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::destroyAllLayers(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+bool ComposerClientWrapper::destroyAllLayers(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
     std::unordered_map<int64_t, DisplayResource> physicalDisplays;
     while (!mDisplayResources.empty()) {
         const auto& it = mDisplayResources.begin();
@@ -691,15 +696,16 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getMaxLayerPictureProfiles(int64_t display) {
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> ComposerClientWrapper::getMaxLayerPictureProfiles(
+        int64_t display) {
     int32_t outMaxProfiles = 0;
     return {mComposerClient->getMaxLayerPictureProfiles(display, &outMaxProfiles), outMaxProfiles};
 }
 
-std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<Luts>> VtsComposerClient::getLuts(
+std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<Luts>> ComposerClientWrapper::getLuts(
         int64_t display, const std::vector<Buffer>& buffers) {
     std::vector<Luts> outLuts;
     return {mComposerClient->getLuts(display, buffers, &outLuts), std::move(outLuts)};
 }
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp
index 1f7972c..ba16348 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "GraphicsComposerCallback"
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
 void GraphicsComposerCallback::setVsyncAllowed(bool allowed) {
     std::scoped_lock lock(mMutex);
@@ -219,4 +219,4 @@
     return ::ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/Readback.cpp
similarity index 97%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/Readback.cpp
index b45c8c0..2aded73 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/Readback.cpp
@@ -14,14 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "ReadbackVts.h"
+#include "Readback.h"
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/BufferUsage.h>
-#include <cmath>
-#include "RenderEngineVts.h"
-#include "renderengine/ExternalTexture.h"
+#include "RenderEngine.h"
 #include "renderengine/impl/ExternalTexture.h"
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
 const std::vector<ColorMode> ReadbackHelper::colorModes = {ColorMode::SRGB, ColorMode::DISPLAY_P3};
 const std::vector<Dataspace> ReadbackHelper::dataspaces = {common::Dataspace::SRGB,
@@ -344,8 +342,9 @@
     }
 }
 
-ReadbackBuffer::ReadbackBuffer(int64_t display, const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
-                               int32_t width, int32_t height, common::PixelFormat pixelFormat,
+ReadbackBuffer::ReadbackBuffer(int64_t display,
+                               const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper>& client, int32_t width,
+                               int32_t height, common::PixelFormat pixelFormat,
                                common::Dataspace dataspace)
     : mComposerClient(client) {
     mDisplay = display;
@@ -427,7 +426,7 @@
     return layerSettings;
 }
 
-TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
+TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper>& client,
                                  TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, int64_t display, uint32_t width,
                                  uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format,
                                  ComposerClientWriter& writer, Composition composition)
@@ -513,4 +512,4 @@
     writer.setLayerCompositionType(mDisplay, mLayer, Composition::CLIENT);
 }
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/RenderEngine.cpp
similarity index 96%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/RenderEngine.cpp
index 8f8b5fd..6715ea4 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/RenderEngine.cpp
@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "RenderEngineVts.h"
+#include "RenderEngine.h"
 #include "renderengine/impl/ExternalTexture.h"
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
 using ::android::renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using ::android::renderengine::LayerSettings;
@@ -115,4 +115,4 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK, mGraphicBuffer->unlock());
 }
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/ComposerClientWrapper.h
similarity index 90%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/ComposerClientWrapper.h
index f0dbe57..22dd888 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/ComposerClientWrapper.h
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Rect;
 using namespace ::ndk;
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
-class VtsDisplay;
+class DisplayWrapper;
 /**
  * A wrapper to IComposerClient.
  * This wrapper manages the IComposerClient instance and manages the resources for
  * the tests with respect to the IComposerClient calls.
  */
-class VtsComposerClient {
+class ComposerClientWrapper {
   public:
-    VtsComposerClient(const std::string& name);
+    ComposerClientWrapper(const std::string& name);
 
     ScopedAStatus createClient();
 
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getActiveConfig(int64_t display);
 
-    ScopedAStatus setActiveConfig(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config);
+    ScopedAStatus setActiveConfig(DisplayWrapper* display, int32_t config);
 
-    ScopedAStatus setPeakRefreshRateConfig(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay);
+    ScopedAStatus setPeakRefreshRateConfig(DisplayWrapper* display);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getDisplayAttribute(int64_t display, int32_t config,
                                                           DisplayAttribute displayAttribute);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@
     ScopedAStatus setContentType(int64_t display, ContentType contentType);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline> setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
-            VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config,
+            DisplayWrapper* display, int32_t config,
             const VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints& constraints);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayCapability>> getDisplayCapabilities(
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
 
     int64_t getInvalidDisplayId();
 
-    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<VtsDisplay>> getDisplays();
+    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, std::vector<DisplayWrapper>> getDisplays();
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, OverlayProperties> getOverlaySupport();
 
@@ -207,10 +207,10 @@
     static constexpr int32_t kNoFrameIntervalNs = 0;
 
   private:
-    void addDisplayConfigs(VtsDisplay*, const std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>&);
-    ScopedAStatus addDisplayConfigLegacy(VtsDisplay*, int32_t config);
+    void addDisplayConfigs(DisplayWrapper*, const std::vector<DisplayConfiguration>&);
+    ScopedAStatus addDisplayConfigLegacy(DisplayWrapper*, int32_t config);
     bool getDisplayConfigurationSupported() const;
-    ScopedAStatus updateDisplayProperties(VtsDisplay* vtsDisplay, int32_t config);
+    ScopedAStatus updateDisplayProperties(DisplayWrapper* display, int32_t config);
 
     ScopedAStatus addDisplayToDisplayResources(int64_t display, bool isVirtual);
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
     bool verifyComposerCallbackParams();
 
     // Keep track of displays and layers. When a test fails/ends,
-    // the VtsComposerClient::tearDown should be called from the
+    // the ComposerClientWrapper::tearDown should be called from the
     // test tearDown to clean up the resources for the test.
     struct DisplayResource {
         DisplayResource(bool isVirtual_) : isVirtual(isVirtual_) {}
@@ -240,9 +240,10 @@
     std::atomic<int64_t> mNextLayerHandle = 1;
 };
 
-class VtsDisplay {
+class DisplayWrapper {
   public:
-    VtsDisplay(int64_t displayId) : mDisplayId(displayId), mDisplayWidth(0), mDisplayHeight(0) {}
+    DisplayWrapper(int64_t displayId)
+        : mDisplayId(displayId), mDisplayWidth(0), mDisplayHeight(0) {}
 
     int64_t getDisplayId() const { return mDisplayId; }
 
@@ -299,9 +300,8 @@
         std::stringstream ss;
         if (displayConfig.vrrConfigOpt) {
             ss << "{Config " << config << ": vsyncPeriod " << displayConfig.vsyncPeriod
-                << ", minFrameIntervalNs " << vrrConfigOpt->minFrameIntervalNs << "}";
-        }
-        else {
+               << ", minFrameIntervalNs " << vrrConfigOpt->minFrameIntervalNs << "}";
+        } else {
             ss << "{Config " << config << ": vsyncPeriod " << displayConfig.vsyncPeriod << "}";
         }
         return ss.str();
@@ -315,4 +315,4 @@
     int32_t mDisplayHeight;
     std::unordered_map<int32_t, DisplayConfig> mDisplayConfigs;
 };
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/GraphicsComposerCallback.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/GraphicsComposerCallback.h
similarity index 95%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/GraphicsComposerCallback.h
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/GraphicsComposerCallback.h
index 97f8e2b..ff379b7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/GraphicsComposerCallback.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/GraphicsComposerCallback.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <vector>
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
 class GraphicsComposerCallback : public BnComposerCallback {
   public:
@@ -93,4 +93,4 @@
     int32_t mHdcpLevelChangedCount GUARDED_BY(mMutex) = 0;
 };
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/Readback.h
similarity index 90%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/Readback.h
index c04e37a..9fdb4d3 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/Readback.h
@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <memory>
-#include "GraphicsComposerCallback.h"
-#include "VtsComposerClient.h"
+#include "ComposerClientWrapper.h"
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::Luts;
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
 using ::android::renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using common::Dataspace;
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@
 
 class TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display,
+    TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper>& client, int64_t display,
               ComposerClientWriter& writer)
         : mDisplay(display) {
         const auto& [status, layer] = client->createLayer(display, kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@
 
     // ComposerClient will take care of destroying layers, no need to explicitly
     // call destroyLayers here
-    virtual ~TestLayer(){};
+    virtual ~TestLayer() {};
 
     virtual void write(ComposerClientWriter& writer);
     virtual LayerSettings toRenderEngineLayerSettings();
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@
 
 class TestColorLayer : public TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestColorLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display,
+    TestColorLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper>& client, int64_t display,
                    ComposerClientWriter& writer)
         : TestLayer{client, display, writer} {}
 
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@
 
 class TestBufferLayer : public TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
+    TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper>& client,
                     TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, int64_t display, uint32_t width,
                     uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format, ComposerClientWriter& writer,
                     Composition composition = Composition::DEVICE);
@@ -206,8 +205,9 @@
 
 class ReadbackBuffer {
   public:
-    ReadbackBuffer(int64_t display, const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int32_t width,
-                   int32_t height, common::PixelFormat pixelFormat, common::Dataspace dataspace);
+    ReadbackBuffer(int64_t display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper>& client,
+                   int32_t width, int32_t height, common::PixelFormat pixelFormat,
+                   common::Dataspace dataspace);
 
     void setReadbackBuffer();
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
     Dataspace mDataspace;
     int64_t mDisplay;
     ::android::sp<::android::GraphicBuffer> mGraphicBuffer;
-    std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient> mComposerClient;
+    std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper> mComposerClient;
     ::android::Rect mAccessRegion;
     native_handle_t mBufferHandle;
 
@@ -232,4 +232,4 @@
     ::android::sp<::android::GraphicBuffer> allocateBuffer();
 };
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/RenderEngine.h
similarity index 91%
rename from graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
rename to graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/RenderEngine.h
index 6553720..6b8b82f 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/libhwc_aidl_test/include/RenderEngine.h
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
-#include "ReadbackVts.h"
+#include "Readback.h"
 
-namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
+namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test {
 
 using ::android::renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using ::android::renderengine::ExternalTexture;
@@ -60,4 +60,4 @@
     DisplaySettings mDisplaySettings;
 };
 
-}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
+}  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 61c2593..cf9c6d7 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -36,28 +36,19 @@
     srcs: [
         "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp",
         "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp",
-        "GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp",
-        "ReadbackVts.cpp",
-        "RenderEngineVts.cpp",
-        "VtsComposerClient.cpp",
     ],
-
     shared_libs: [
         "libEGL",
-        "libGLESv1_CM",
         "libGLESv2",
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libbinder",
-        "libfmq",
         "libbase",
         "libsync",
         "libui",
         "libgui",
-        "libhidlbase",
         "libprocessgroup",
-        "libvndksupport",
-        "server_configurable_flags",
         "libtracing_perfetto",
+        "server_configurable_flags",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-command-buffer",
@@ -66,19 +57,17 @@
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.2",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
         "android.hardware.common.fmq-V1-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.drm.common-V1-ndk",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libarect",
         "libbase",
-        "libfmq",
         "libgmock",
         "libgtest",
-        "libmath",
+        "libhwc_aidl_test",
         "librenderengine",
-        "libshaders",
         "libsync",
-        "libtonemap",
         "libsurfaceflinger_common",
+        "libshaders",
+        "libtonemap",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-Wconversion",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
index 6883cdb..dff044d 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -27,14 +27,16 @@
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
+#include "ComposerClientWrapper.h"
 #include "GraphicsComposerCallback.h"
-#include "ReadbackVts.h"
-#include "RenderEngineVts.h"
-#include "VtsComposerClient.h"
+#include "Readback.h"
+#include "RenderEngine.h"
 
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
 namespace {
 
+using namespace ::aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test;
+
 using ::android::Rect;
 using common::Dataspace;
 using common::PixelFormat;
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@
 class GraphicsCompositionTestBase : public ::testing::Test {
   protected:
     void SetUpBase(const std::string& name) {
-        mComposerClient = std::make_shared<VtsComposerClient>(name);
+        mComposerClient = std::make_shared<ComposerClientWrapper>(name);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->createClient().isOk());
 
         const auto& [status, displays] = mComposerClient->getDisplays();
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
     }
 
-    const VtsDisplay& getPrimaryDisplay() const { return mDisplays[0]; }
+    const DisplayWrapper& getPrimaryDisplay() const { return mDisplays[0]; }
 
     int64_t getPrimaryDisplayId() const { return getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayId(); }
 
@@ -158,8 +160,8 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient> mComposerClient;
-    std::vector<VtsDisplay> mDisplays;
+    std::shared_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper> mComposerClient;
+    std::vector<DisplayWrapper> mDisplays;
     // use the slot count usually set by SF
     std::vector<ColorMode> mTestColorModes;
     std::unique_ptr<ComposerClientWriter> mWriter;
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         // if hwc cannot handle and asks for composition change,
         // just succeed the test
@@ -286,7 +288,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
 
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
@@ -347,7 +349,7 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
 
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
@@ -462,7 +464,7 @@
 
         auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, *mWriter);
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -475,7 +477,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
 
         auto changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
@@ -512,7 +514,7 @@
                                      clientDataspace, std::vector<common::Rect>(1, damage), 1.f);
             layer->setToClientComposition(*mWriter);
             mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                     VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                     ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
             execute();
             changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
             ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionTypes.empty());
@@ -612,7 +614,7 @@
                 writeLayers(layers);
                 ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
                 mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                         VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                         ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
                 execute();
                 // if hwc cannot handle and asks for composition change,
                 // just succeed the test
@@ -703,7 +705,7 @@
         writeLayers({srgbLayer, displayP3Layer});
 
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
 
         auto changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
@@ -780,7 +782,7 @@
         clientLayer->setZOrder(0);
         clientLayer->write(*mWriter);
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
 
         auto changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
@@ -813,7 +815,7 @@
                                  clientDataspace, std::vector<common::Rect>(1, clientFrame), 1.f);
         clientLayer->setToClientComposition(*mWriter);
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         changedCompositionTypes = mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
         ASSERT_TRUE(changedCompositionTypes.empty());
@@ -862,7 +864,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -891,7 +893,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
@@ -934,7 +936,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -999,7 +1001,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1060,7 +1062,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1083,7 +1085,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -1149,7 +1151,7 @@
         writeLayers(layers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED()
@@ -1285,7 +1287,7 @@
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1331,7 +1333,7 @@
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1372,7 +1374,7 @@
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1457,7 +1459,7 @@
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1504,7 +1506,7 @@
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1551,7 +1553,7 @@
         writeLayers(mLayers);
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                 VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                 ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
             GTEST_SUCCEED();
@@ -1646,7 +1648,7 @@
 
             ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
             mWriter->validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                     VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                     ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
             execute();
             if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
                 continue;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
index 6b43cc8..88e5cb5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/common/Rect.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/Composition.h>
-#include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/OutputType.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/graphics/composer3/IComposer.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/PictureProfileHandle.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iterator>
@@ -43,8 +41,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include "ComposerClientWrapper.h"
 #include "GraphicsComposerCallback.h"
-#include "VtsComposerClient.h"
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest"
@@ -54,6 +52,7 @@
 namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts {
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::libhwc_aidl_test;
 
 using ::android::GraphicBuffer;
 using ::android::sp;
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@
 class GraphicsComposerAidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
-        mComposerClient = std::make_unique<VtsComposerClient>(GetParam());
+        mComposerClient = std::make_unique<ComposerClientWrapper>(GetParam());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->createClient().isOk());
 
         const auto& [status, displays] = mComposerClient->getDisplays();
@@ -124,36 +123,21 @@
                 [&](const Capability& activeCapability) { return activeCapability == capability; });
     }
 
-    bool hasDisplayCapability(int64_t displayId, DisplayCapability capability) {
-        const auto& [status, capabilities] = mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(displayId);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-        return std::any_of(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                           [&](const DisplayCapability& activeCapability) {
-                               return activeCapability == capability;
-                           });
-    }
-
     int getInterfaceVersion() {
         const auto& [versionStatus, version] = mComposerClient->getInterfaceVersion();
         EXPECT_TRUE(versionStatus.isOk());
         return version;
     }
 
-    const VtsDisplay& getPrimaryDisplay() const { return mDisplays[0]; }
-
-    int64_t getPrimaryDisplayId() const { return getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayId(); }
-
     int64_t getInvalidDisplayId() const { return mComposerClient->getInvalidDisplayId(); }
 
-    VtsDisplay& getEditablePrimaryDisplay() { return mDisplays[0]; }
-
     struct TestParameters {
         nsecs_t delayForChange;
         bool refreshMiss;
     };
 
-    std::unique_ptr<VtsComposerClient> mComposerClient;
-    std::vector<VtsDisplay> mDisplays;
+    std::unique_ptr<ComposerClientWrapper> mComposerClient;
+    std::vector<DisplayWrapper> mDisplays;
     // use the slot count usually set by SF
     static constexpr uint32_t kBufferSlotCount = 64;
 };
@@ -187,125 +171,145 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayIdentificationData) {
-    const auto& [status0, displayIdentification0] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    if (!status0.isOk() && status0.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status0.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Display identification data not supported, skipping test";
-        return;
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status0, displayIdentification0] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(display.getDisplayId());
+        if (!status0.isOk() && status0.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            status0.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Display identification data not supported, skipping test";
+            return;
+        }
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status0.isOk()) << "failed to get display identification data";
+        ASSERT_FALSE(displayIdentification0.data.empty());
+
+        constexpr size_t kEdidBlockSize = 128;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdentification0.data.size() % kEdidBlockSize == 0)
+                << "EDID blob length is not a multiple of " << kEdidBlockSize;
+
+        const uint8_t kEdidHeader[] = {0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00};
+        ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::begin(kEdidHeader), std::end(kEdidHeader),
+                               displayIdentification0.data.begin()))
+                << "EDID blob doesn't start with the fixed EDID header";
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, std::accumulate(displayIdentification0.data.begin(),
+                                     displayIdentification0.data.begin() + kEdidBlockSize,
+                                     static_cast<uint8_t>(0)))
+                << "EDID base block doesn't checksum";
+
+        const auto& [status1, displayIdentification1] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status1.isOk());
+
+        ASSERT_EQ(displayIdentification0.port, displayIdentification1.port)
+                << "ports are not stable";
+        ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdentification0.data.size() == displayIdentification1.data.size() &&
+                    std::equal(displayIdentification0.data.begin(),
+                               displayIdentification0.data.end(),
+                               displayIdentification1.data.begin()))
+                << "data is not stable";
     }
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status0.isOk()) << "failed to get display identification data";
-    ASSERT_FALSE(displayIdentification0.data.empty());
-
-    constexpr size_t kEdidBlockSize = 128;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdentification0.data.size() % kEdidBlockSize == 0)
-            << "EDID blob length is not a multiple of " << kEdidBlockSize;
-
-    const uint8_t kEdidHeader[] = {0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00};
-    ASSERT_TRUE(std::equal(std::begin(kEdidHeader), std::end(kEdidHeader),
-                           displayIdentification0.data.begin()))
-            << "EDID blob doesn't start with the fixed EDID header";
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, std::accumulate(displayIdentification0.data.begin(),
-                                 displayIdentification0.data.begin() + kEdidBlockSize,
-                                 static_cast<uint8_t>(0)))
-            << "EDID base block doesn't checksum";
-
-    const auto& [status1, displayIdentification1] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayIdentificationData(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status1.isOk());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(displayIdentification0.port, displayIdentification1.port) << "ports are not stable";
-    ASSERT_TRUE(displayIdentification0.data.size() == displayIdentification1.data.size() &&
-                std::equal(displayIdentification0.data.begin(), displayIdentification0.data.end(),
-                           displayIdentification1.data.begin()))
-            << "data is not stable";
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetHdrCapabilities) {
-    const auto& [status, hdrCapabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, hdrCapabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(hdrCapabilities.maxLuminance >= hdrCapabilities.minLuminance);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(hdrCapabilities.maxLuminance >= hdrCapabilities.minLuminance);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetPerFrameMetadataKeys) {
-    const auto& [status, keys] = mComposerClient->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "getPerFrameMetadataKeys is not supported";
-        return;
-    }
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, keys] =
+                mComposerClient->getPerFrameMetadataKeys(display.getDisplayId());
+        if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "getPerFrameMetadataKeys is not supported";
+            return;
+        }
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(keys.size() >= 0);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(keys.size() >= 0);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetReadbackBufferAttributes) {
-    const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getReadbackBufferAttributes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "getReadbackBufferAttributes is not supported";
-        return;
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, _] =
+                mComposerClient->getReadbackBufferAttributes(display.getDisplayId());
+        if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "getReadbackBufferAttributes is not supported";
+            return;
+        }
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     }
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetRenderIntents) {
-    const auto& [status, modes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, modes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-        const auto& [intentStatus, intents] =
-                mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(intentStatus.isOk());
-        bool isHdr;
-        switch (mode) {
-            case ColorMode::BT2100_PQ:
-            case ColorMode::BT2100_HLG:
-                isHdr = true;
-                break;
-            default:
-                isHdr = false;
-                break;
+        for (auto mode : modes) {
+            const auto& [intentStatus, intents] =
+                    mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(display.getDisplayId(), mode);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(intentStatus.isOk());
+            bool isHdr;
+            switch (mode) {
+                case ColorMode::BT2100_PQ:
+                case ColorMode::BT2100_HLG:
+                    isHdr = true;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    isHdr = false;
+                    break;
+            }
+            RenderIntent requiredIntent =
+                    isHdr ? RenderIntent::TONE_MAP_COLORIMETRIC : RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC;
+
+            const auto iter = std::find(intents.cbegin(), intents.cend(), requiredIntent);
+            EXPECT_NE(intents.cend(), iter);
         }
-        RenderIntent requiredIntent =
-                isHdr ? RenderIntent::TONE_MAP_COLORIMETRIC : RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC;
-
-        const auto iter = std::find(intents.cbegin(), intents.cend(), requiredIntent);
-        EXPECT_NE(intents.cend(), iter);
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetRenderIntents_BadDisplay) {
-    const auto& [status, modes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, modes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-        const auto& [intentStatus, _] =
-                mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getInvalidDisplayId(), mode);
+        for (auto mode : modes) {
+            const auto& [intentStatus, _] =
+                    mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getInvalidDisplayId(), mode);
 
-        EXPECT_FALSE(intentStatus.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(intentStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
+            EXPECT_FALSE(intentStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(intentStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetRenderIntents_BadParameter) {
-    const auto& [status, _] =
-            mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getPrimaryDisplayId(), static_cast<ColorMode>(-1));
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(display.getDisplayId(),
+                                                                    static_cast<ColorMode>(-1));
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetColorModes) {
-    const auto& [status, colorModes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, colorModes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const auto native = std::find(colorModes.cbegin(), colorModes.cend(), ColorMode::NATIVE);
-    EXPECT_NE(colorModes.cend(), native);
+        const auto native = std::find(colorModes.cbegin(), colorModes.cend(), ColorMode::NATIVE);
+        EXPECT_NE(colorModes.cend(), native);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetColorMode_BadDisplay) {
@@ -316,128 +320,145 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetColorMode) {
-    const auto& [status, colorModes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, colorModes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    for (auto mode : colorModes) {
-        const auto& [intentStatus, intents] =
-                mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(intentStatus.isOk()) << "failed to get render intents";
+        for (auto mode : colorModes) {
+            const auto& [intentStatus, intents] =
+                    mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(display.getDisplayId(), mode);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(intentStatus.isOk()) << "failed to get render intents";
 
-        for (auto intent : intents) {
-            const auto modeStatus =
-                    mComposerClient->setColorMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode, intent);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(modeStatus.isOk() ||
+            for (auto intent : intents) {
+                const auto modeStatus =
+                        mComposerClient->setColorMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode, intent);
+                EXPECT_TRUE(
+                        modeStatus.isOk() ||
                         (modeStatus.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
                          IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED == modeStatus.getServiceSpecificError()))
-                    << "failed to set color mode";
+                        << "failed to set color mode";
+            }
         }
-    }
 
-    const auto modeStatus = mComposerClient->setColorMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE,
-                                                          RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(modeStatus.isOk() ||
-                (modeStatus.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-                 IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED == modeStatus.getServiceSpecificError()))
-            << "failed to set color mode";
+        const auto modeStatus = mComposerClient->setColorMode(
+                display.getDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE, RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(modeStatus.isOk() ||
+                    (modeStatus.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+                     IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED == modeStatus.getServiceSpecificError()))
+                << "failed to set color mode";
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetColorMode_BadDisplay) {
-    const auto& [status, colorModes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, colorModes] = mComposerClient->getColorModes(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    for (auto mode : colorModes) {
-        const auto& [intentStatus, intents] =
-                mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(intentStatus.isOk()) << "failed to get render intents";
+        for (auto mode : colorModes) {
+            const auto& [intentStatus, intents] =
+                    mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(display.getDisplayId(), mode);
+            ASSERT_TRUE(intentStatus.isOk()) << "failed to get render intents";
 
-        for (auto intent : intents) {
-            auto const modeStatus =
-                    mComposerClient->setColorMode(getInvalidDisplayId(), mode, intent);
+            for (auto intent : intents) {
+                auto const modeStatus =
+                        mComposerClient->setColorMode(getInvalidDisplayId(), mode, intent);
 
-            EXPECT_FALSE(modeStatus.isOk());
-            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                    assertServiceSpecificError(modeStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
+                EXPECT_FALSE(modeStatus.isOk());
+                EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                        assertServiceSpecificError(modeStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetColorMode_BadParameter) {
-    auto status = mComposerClient->setColorMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), static_cast<ColorMode>(-1),
-                                                RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto status = mComposerClient->setColorMode(
+                display.getDisplayId(), static_cast<ColorMode>(-1), RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
 
-    status = mComposerClient->setColorMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE,
-                                           static_cast<RenderIntent>(-1));
+        status = mComposerClient->setColorMode(display.getDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE,
+                                               static_cast<RenderIntent>(-1));
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes) {
     int constexpr kInvalid = -1;
-    const auto& [status, format] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, format] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display.getDisplayId());
 
-    if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        SUCCEED() << "Device does not support optional extension. Test skipped";
-        return;
+        if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            SUCCEED() << "Device does not support optional extension. Test skipped";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(kInvalid, static_cast<int>(format.format));
+        EXPECT_NE(kInvalid, static_cast<int>(format.dataspace));
+        EXPECT_NE(kInvalid, static_cast<int>(format.componentMask));
     }
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NE(kInvalid, static_cast<int>(format.format));
-    EXPECT_NE(kInvalid, static_cast<int>(format.dataspace));
-    EXPECT_NE(kInvalid, static_cast<int>(format.componentMask));
-};
+}
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled) {
     int constexpr kMaxFrames = 10;
     FormatColorComponent enableAllComponents = FormatColorComponent::FORMAT_COMPONENT_0;
-    auto status = mComposerClient->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
-            getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*isEnabled*/ true, enableAllComponents, kMaxFrames);
-    if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        SUCCEED() << "Device does not support optional extension. Test skipped";
-        return;
-    }
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    status = mComposerClient->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
-            getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*isEnabled*/ false, enableAllComponents, kMaxFrames);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto status = mComposerClient->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
+                display.getDisplayId(), /*isEnabled*/ true, enableAllComponents, kMaxFrames);
+        if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            SUCCEED() << "Device does not support optional extension. Test skipped";
+            return;
+        }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+
+        status = mComposerClient->setDisplayedContentSamplingEnabled(
+                display.getDisplayId(), /*isEnabled*/ false, enableAllComponents, kMaxFrames);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayedContentSample) {
-    const auto& [status, displayContentSamplingAttributes] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        SUCCEED() << "Sampling attributes aren't supported on this device, test skipped";
-        return;
-    }
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, displayContentSamplingAttributes] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSamplingAttributes(display.getDisplayId());
+        if (!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            SUCCEED() << "Sampling attributes aren't supported on this device, test skipped";
+            return;
+        }
 
-    int64_t constexpr kMaxFrames = 10;
-    int64_t constexpr kTimestamp = 0;
-    const auto& [sampleStatus, displayContentSample] = mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSample(
-            getPrimaryDisplayId(), kMaxFrames, kTimestamp);
-    if (!sampleStatus.isOk() && sampleStatus.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-        sampleStatus.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        SUCCEED() << "Device does not support optional extension. Test skipped";
-        return;
-    }
+        int64_t constexpr kMaxFrames = 10;
+        int64_t constexpr kTimestamp = 0;
+        const auto& [sampleStatus, displayContentSample] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayedContentSample(display.getDisplayId(), kMaxFrames,
+                                                           kTimestamp);
+        if (!sampleStatus.isOk() && sampleStatus.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+            sampleStatus.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            SUCCEED() << "Device does not support optional extension. Test skipped";
+            return;
+        }
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(sampleStatus.isOk());
-    const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> histogram = {
-            displayContentSample.sampleComponent0, displayContentSample.sampleComponent1,
-            displayContentSample.sampleComponent2, displayContentSample.sampleComponent3};
+        EXPECT_TRUE(sampleStatus.isOk());
+        const std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> histogram = {
+                displayContentSample.sampleComponent0, displayContentSample.sampleComponent1,
+                displayContentSample.sampleComponent2, displayContentSample.sampleComponent3};
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < histogram.size(); i++) {
-        const bool shouldHaveHistogram =
-                static_cast<int>(displayContentSamplingAttributes.componentMask) & (1 << i);
-        EXPECT_EQ(shouldHaveHistogram, !histogram[i].empty());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < histogram.size(); i++) {
+            const bool shouldHaveHistogram =
+                    static_cast<int>(displayContentSamplingAttributes.componentMask) & (1 << i);
+            EXPECT_EQ(shouldHaveHistogram, !histogram[i].empty());
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -512,7 +533,7 @@
     VsyncPeriodChangeConstraints constraints;
     constraints.seamlessRequired = false;
     constraints.desiredTimeNanos = systemTime();
-    auto invalidDisplay = VtsDisplay(getInvalidDisplayId());
+    auto invalidDisplay = DisplayWrapper(getInvalidDisplayId());
 
     const auto& [status, timeline] = mComposerClient->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
             &invalidDisplay, /*config*/ 0, constraints);
@@ -526,7 +547,7 @@
     constraints.seamlessRequired = false;
     constraints.desiredTimeNanos = systemTime();
 
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         int32_t constexpr kInvalidConfigId = IComposerClient::INVALID_CONFIGURATION;
         const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->setActiveConfigWithConstraints(
                 &display, kInvalidConfigId, constraints);
@@ -552,7 +573,7 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Boot Display Config not supported";
         return;
     }
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         int32_t constexpr kInvalidConfigId = IComposerClient::INVALID_CONFIGURATION;
         const auto& status =
                 mComposerClient->setBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId(), kInvalidConfigId);
@@ -567,10 +588,14 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Boot Display Config not supported";
         return;
     }
-    const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    for (const auto& config : configs) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setBootDisplayConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId(), config).isOk());
+
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        for (const auto& config : configs) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->setBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId(), config).isOk());
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -590,7 +615,10 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Boot Display Config not supported";
         return;
     }
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->clearBootDisplayConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId()).isOk());
+
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->clearBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId()).isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetPreferredBootDisplayConfig_BadDisplay) {
@@ -609,36 +637,42 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Boot Display Config not supported";
         return;
     }
-    const auto& [status, preferredDisplayConfig] =
-            mComposerClient->getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const auto& [configStatus, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, preferredDisplayConfig] =
+                mComposerClient->getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(configStatus.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NE(configs.end(), std::find(configs.begin(), configs.end(), preferredDisplayConfig));
+        const auto& [configStatus, configs] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(configStatus.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(configs.end(), std::find(configs.begin(), configs.end(), preferredDisplayConfig));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, BootDisplayConfig_Unsupported) {
     if (!hasCapability(Capability::BOOT_DISPLAY_CONFIG)) {
-        const auto& [configStatus, config] =
-                mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(configStatus.isOk());
+        for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+            const auto& [configStatus, config] =
+                    mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(display.getDisplayId());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(configStatus.isOk());
 
-        auto status = mComposerClient->setBootDisplayConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId(), config);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+            auto status = mComposerClient->setBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId(), config);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
 
-        status = mComposerClient->getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId()).first;
-        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+            status = mComposerClient->getPreferredBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId()).first;
+            EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
 
-        status = mComposerClient->clearBootDisplayConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+            status = mComposerClient->clearBootDisplayConfig(display.getDisplayId());
+            EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -670,22 +704,25 @@
         return;
     }
     const auto& [status, conversionCapabilities] = mComposerClient->getHdrConversionCapabilities();
-    const auto& [status2, hdrCapabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& hdrTypes = hdrCapabilities.types;
-    for (auto conversionCapability : conversionCapabilities) {
-        if (conversionCapability.outputType != common::Hdr::INVALID) {
-            if (std::find(hdrTypes.begin(), hdrTypes.end(), conversionCapability.outputType) ==
-                hdrTypes.end()) {
-                continue;
+
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status2, hdrCapabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& hdrTypes = hdrCapabilities.types;
+        for (auto conversionCapability : conversionCapabilities) {
+            if (conversionCapability.outputType != common::Hdr::INVALID) {
+                if (std::find(hdrTypes.begin(), hdrTypes.end(), conversionCapability.outputType) ==
+                    hdrTypes.end()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                common::HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy;
+                hdrConversionStrategy.set<common::HdrConversionStrategy::Tag::forceHdrConversion>(
+                        conversionCapability.outputType);
+                const auto& [statusSet, preferredHdrOutputType] =
+                        mComposerClient->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
+                EXPECT_TRUE(statusSet.isOk());
+                EXPECT_EQ(common::Hdr::INVALID, preferredHdrOutputType);
             }
-            common::HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy;
-            hdrConversionStrategy.set<common::HdrConversionStrategy::Tag::forceHdrConversion>(
-                    conversionCapability.outputType);
-            const auto& [statusSet, preferredHdrOutputType] =
-                    mComposerClient->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
-            EXPECT_TRUE(statusSet.isOk());
-            EXPECT_EQ(common::Hdr::INVALID, preferredHdrOutputType);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -696,24 +733,27 @@
         return;
     }
     const auto& [status, conversionCapabilities] = mComposerClient->getHdrConversionCapabilities();
-    const auto& [status2, hdrCapabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    if (hdrCapabilities.types.size() <= 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-    std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr> autoHdrTypes;
-    for (auto conversionCapability : conversionCapabilities) {
-        if (conversionCapability.outputType != common::Hdr::INVALID) {
-            autoHdrTypes.push_back(conversionCapability.outputType);
+
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status2, hdrCapabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getHdrCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
+        if (hdrCapabilities.types.size() <= 0) {
+            return;
         }
+        std::vector<aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::Hdr> autoHdrTypes;
+        for (auto conversionCapability : conversionCapabilities) {
+            if (conversionCapability.outputType != common::Hdr::INVALID) {
+                autoHdrTypes.push_back(conversionCapability.outputType);
+            }
+        }
+        common::HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy;
+        hdrConversionStrategy.set<common::HdrConversionStrategy::Tag::autoAllowedHdrTypes>(
+                autoHdrTypes);
+        const auto& [statusSet, preferredHdrOutputType] =
+                mComposerClient->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(statusSet.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(common::Hdr::INVALID, preferredHdrOutputType);
     }
-    common::HdrConversionStrategy hdrConversionStrategy;
-    hdrConversionStrategy.set<common::HdrConversionStrategy::Tag::autoAllowedHdrTypes>(
-            autoHdrTypes);
-    const auto& [statusSet, preferredHdrOutputType] =
-            mComposerClient->setHdrConversionStrategy(hdrConversionStrategy);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(statusSet.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NE(common::Hdr::INVALID, preferredHdrOutputType);
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetAutoLowLatencyMode_BadDisplay) {
@@ -852,11 +892,12 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, CreateLayer_BadDisplay) {
@@ -878,17 +919,19 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const auto& destroyStatus =
-            mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer, nullptr);
+        const auto& destroyStatus =
+                mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer, nullptr);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(destroyStatus.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            assertServiceSpecificError(destroyStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(destroyStatus.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertServiceSpecificError(destroyStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, DestroyLayer_BadLayerError) {
@@ -897,11 +940,14 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    // We haven't created any layers yet, so any id should be invalid
-    const auto& status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*layer*/ 1, nullptr);
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        // We haven't created any layers yet, so any id should be invalid
+        const auto& status =
+                mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), /*layer*/ 1, nullptr);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetActiveConfig_BadDisplay) {
@@ -912,8 +958,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayConfig) {
-    const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayConfig_BadDisplay) {
@@ -924,15 +972,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayName) {
-    const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getDisplayName(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-}
-
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayPhysicalOrientation_BadDisplay) {
-    const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getDisplayPhysicalOrientation(getInvalidDisplayId());
-
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->getDisplayName(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDisplayPhysicalOrientation) {
@@ -943,197 +986,214 @@
             Transform::ROT_270,
     };
 
-    const auto& [status, displayOrientation] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayPhysicalOrientation(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, displayOrientation] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayPhysicalOrientation(display.getDisplayId());
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NE(std::find(allowedDisplayOrientations.begin(), allowedDisplayOrientations.end(),
-                        displayOrientation),
-              allowedDisplayOrientations.end());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NE(std::find(allowedDisplayOrientations.begin(), allowedDisplayOrientations.end(),
+                            displayOrientation),
+                  allowedDisplayOrientations.end());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetClientTargetSlotCount) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount)
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount)
                         .isOk());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetActiveConfig) {
-    const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    for (const auto& config : configs) {
-        auto display = getEditablePrimaryDisplay();
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(&display, config).isOk());
-        const auto& [configStatus, config1] =
-                mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(configStatus.isOk());
-        EXPECT_EQ(config, config1);
+        for (const auto& config : configs) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(&display, config).isOk());
+            const auto& [configStatus, config1] =
+                    mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(display.getDisplayId());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(configStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_EQ(config, config1);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetActiveConfigPowerCycle) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+    for (auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
 
-    const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    for (const auto& config : configs) {
-        auto display = getEditablePrimaryDisplay();
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(&display, config).isOk());
-        const auto& [config1Status, config1] =
-                mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(config1Status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_EQ(config, config1);
+        for (const auto& config : configs) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(&display, config).isOk());
+            const auto& [config1Status, config1] =
+                    mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(display.getDisplayId());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(config1Status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_EQ(config, config1);
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
-        const auto& [config2Status, config2] =
-                mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        EXPECT_TRUE(config2Status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_EQ(config, config2);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+            const auto& [config2Status, config2] =
+                    mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(display.getDisplayId());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(config2Status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_EQ(config, config2);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetPowerModeUnsupported) {
-    const auto& [status, capabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, capabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                           DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
-    const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                              DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
+        const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                               DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
+        const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                                  DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
 
-    if (!isDozeSupported) {
-        const auto& powerModeDozeStatus =
-                mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::DOZE);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeDozeStatus.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeDozeStatus, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        if (!isDozeSupported) {
+            const auto& powerModeDozeStatus =
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::DOZE);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeDozeStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeDozeStatus,
+                                                               IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
 
-        const auto& powerModeDozeSuspendStatus =
-                mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus,
-                                                           IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
-    }
+            const auto& powerModeDozeSuspendStatus =
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus,
+                                                               IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        }
 
-    if (!isSuspendSupported) {
-        const auto& powerModeSuspendStatus =
-                mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeSuspendStatus.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeSuspendStatus,
-                                                           IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        if (!isSuspendSupported) {
+            const auto& powerModeSuspendStatus =
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeSuspendStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeSuspendStatus,
+                                                               IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
 
-        const auto& powerModeDozeSuspendStatus =
-                mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus,
-                                                           IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+            const auto& powerModeDozeSuspendStatus =
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(powerModeDozeSuspendStatus,
+                                                               IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetVsyncEnabled) {
     mComposerClient->setVsyncAllowed(true);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setVsync(getPrimaryDisplayId(), true).isOk());
-    usleep(60 * 1000);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setVsync(getPrimaryDisplayId(), false).isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setVsync(display.getDisplayId(), true).isOk());
+        usleep(60 * 1000);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setVsync(display.getDisplayId(), false).isOk());
+    }
 
     mComposerClient->setVsyncAllowed(false);
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetPowerMode) {
-    const auto& [status, capabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, capabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                           DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
-    const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                              DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
+        const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                               DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
+        const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                                  DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
 
-    std::vector<PowerMode> modes;
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
+        std::vector<PowerMode> modes;
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
 
-    if (isSuspendSupported) {
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
-    }
+        if (isSuspendSupported) {
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
+        }
 
-    if (isDozeSupported) {
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE);
-    }
+        if (isDozeSupported) {
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE);
+        }
 
-    if (isSuspendSupported && isDozeSupported) {
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
-    }
+        if (isSuspendSupported && isDozeSupported) {
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+        }
 
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+        for (auto mode : modes) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetPowerModeVariations) {
-    const auto& [status, capabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, capabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                           DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
-    const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                              DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
+        const bool isDozeSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                               DisplayCapability::DOZE) != capabilities.end();
+        const bool isSuspendSupported = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                                  DisplayCapability::SUSPEND) != capabilities.end();
 
-    std::vector<PowerMode> modes;
+        std::vector<PowerMode> modes;
 
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
-    }
-    modes.clear();
-
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
-    }
-    modes.clear();
-
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
-    modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
-    for (auto mode : modes) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
-    }
-    modes.clear();
-
-    if (isSuspendSupported) {
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
         for (auto mode : modes) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
         }
         modes.clear();
-    }
 
-    if (isDozeSupported) {
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE);
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::OFF);
         for (auto mode : modes) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
         }
         modes.clear();
-    }
 
-    if (isSuspendSupported && isDozeSupported) {
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
-        modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
+        modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON);
         for (auto mode : modes) {
-            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+            EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
         }
         modes.clear();
+
+        if (isSuspendSupported) {
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::ON_SUSPEND);
+            for (auto mode : modes) {
+                EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+            }
+            modes.clear();
+        }
+
+        if (isDozeSupported) {
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE);
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE);
+            for (auto mode : modes) {
+                EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+            }
+            modes.clear();
+        }
+
+        if (isSuspendSupported && isDozeSupported) {
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+            modes.push_back(PowerMode::DOZE_SUSPEND);
+            for (auto mode : modes) {
+                EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), mode).isOk());
+            }
+            modes.clear();
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -1145,11 +1205,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, SetPowerMode_BadParameter) {
-    const auto& status =
-            mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), static_cast<PowerMode>(-1));
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& status =
+                mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), static_cast<PowerMode>(-1));
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, GetDataspaceSaturationMatrix) {
@@ -1315,7 +1378,7 @@
                     const auto minFrameInterval = *min_element(frameIntervalPowerHints.cbegin(),
                                                                frameIntervalPowerHints.cend());
                     EXPECT_LE(minFrameInterval->frameIntervalNs,
-                              VtsComposerClient::kMaxFrameIntervalNs);
+                              ComposerClientWrapper::kMaxFrameIntervalNs);
                     const auto maxFrameInterval = *max_element(frameIntervalPowerHints.cbegin(),
                                                                frameIntervalPowerHints.cend());
                     EXPECT_GE(maxFrameInterval->frameIntervalNs, vrrConfig.minFrameIntervalNs);
@@ -1419,9 +1482,11 @@
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_FALSE(mDisplays.empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
 
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(&getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId())));
+        for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display.getDisplayId()).empty());
+            ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(&getWriter(display.getDisplayId())));
+        }
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerAidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
@@ -1490,12 +1555,13 @@
                 "VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest");
     }
 
-    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate(::android::PixelFormat pixelFormat) {
-        return allocate(static_cast<uint32_t>(getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth()),
-                        static_cast<uint32_t>(getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()), pixelFormat);
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate(::android::PixelFormat pixelFormat, const DisplayWrapper& display) {
+        return allocate(static_cast<uint32_t>(display.getDisplayWidth()),
+                        static_cast<uint32_t>(display.getDisplayHeight()), pixelFormat);
     }
 
-    void sendRefreshFrame(const VtsDisplay& display, const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* timeline) {
+    void sendRefreshFrame(const DisplayWrapper& display,
+                          const VsyncPeriodChangeTimeline* timeline) {
         if (timeline != nullptr) {
             // Refresh time should be before newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos
             EXPECT_LT(timeline->refreshTimeNanos, timeline->newVsyncAppliedTimeNanos);
@@ -1514,7 +1580,7 @@
                 mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         {
-            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
             ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
             ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK, buffer->initCheck());
             ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
@@ -1526,7 +1592,7 @@
             writer.setLayerDataspace(display.getDisplayId(), layer, common::Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
 
             writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                   VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                   ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
             execute();
             ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
@@ -1536,7 +1602,7 @@
         }
 
         {
-            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
             ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
 
             writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
@@ -1544,7 +1610,7 @@
             writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(display.getDisplayId(), layer,
                                          std::vector<Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
             writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                                   VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                                   ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
             execute();
             ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
@@ -1556,10 +1622,8 @@
     }
 
     sp<::android::Fence> presentAndGetFence(
-            std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> expectedPresentTime,
-            std::optional<int64_t> displayIdOpt = {},
-            int32_t frameIntervalNs = VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs) {
-        const auto displayId = displayIdOpt.value_or(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+            std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> expectedPresentTime, int64_t displayId,
+            int32_t frameIntervalNs = ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs) {
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
         writer.validateDisplay(displayId, expectedPresentTime, frameIntervalNs);
         execute();
@@ -1577,18 +1641,17 @@
         return sp<::android::Fence>::make(fenceOwner);
     }
 
-    int32_t getVsyncPeriod() {
-        const auto& [status, activeConfig] =
-                mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    int32_t getVsyncPeriod(int64_t displayId) {
+        const auto& [status, activeConfig] = mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(displayId);
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
         const auto& [vsyncPeriodStatus, vsyncPeriod] = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(
-                getPrimaryDisplayId(), activeConfig, DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
+                displayId, activeConfig, DisplayAttribute::VSYNC_PERIOD);
         EXPECT_TRUE(vsyncPeriodStatus.isOk());
         return vsyncPeriod;
     }
 
-    int64_t createOnScreenLayer(const VtsDisplay& display,
+    int64_t createOnScreenLayer(const DisplayWrapper& display,
                                 Composition composition = Composition::DEVICE) {
         auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
         const auto& [status, layer] =
@@ -1602,16 +1665,16 @@
         return layer;
     }
 
-    void sendBufferUpdate(int64_t layer) {
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+    void sendBufferUpdate(int64_t layer, int64_t displayId) {
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
 
-        auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
+        auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(displayId, layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
                               /*acquireFence*/ -1);
 
         const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence =
-                presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
+                presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp, displayId);
         presentFence->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
     }
 
@@ -1623,7 +1686,7 @@
     }
 
     void Test_setActiveConfigWithConstraints(const TestParameters& params) {
-        for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+        for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
             forEachTwoConfigs(display.getDisplayId(), [&](int32_t config1, int32_t config2) {
                 EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setActiveConfig(&display, config1).isOk());
                 sendRefreshFrame(display, nullptr);
@@ -1707,51 +1770,56 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+        for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
 
-        const auto vsyncPeriod = getVsyncPeriod();
+            const auto vsyncPeriod = getVsyncPeriod(display.getDisplayId());
 
-        const auto buffer1 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-        const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
+            const auto buffer1 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+            const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
+            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
 
-        const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(getPrimaryDisplay());
-        auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer1->handle,
-                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-        const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence1 =
-                presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
-        presentFence1->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+            const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
+            auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+            writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer1->handle,
+                                  /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+            const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence1 =
+                    presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp, display.getDisplayId());
+            presentFence1->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
 
-        auto expectedPresentTime = presentFence1->getSignalTime() + vsyncPeriod;
-        if (framesDelay.has_value()) {
-            expectedPresentTime += *framesDelay * vsyncPeriod;
-        }
-
-        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer2->handle,
-                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-        const auto setExpectedPresentTime = [&]() -> std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> {
-            if (!framesDelay.has_value()) {
-                return ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp;
-            } else if (*framesDelay == 0) {
-                return ClockMonotonicTimestamp{0};
+            auto expectedPresentTime = presentFence1->getSignalTime() + vsyncPeriod;
+            if (framesDelay.has_value()) {
+                expectedPresentTime += *framesDelay * vsyncPeriod;
             }
-            return ClockMonotonicTimestamp{expectedPresentTime};
-        }();
 
-        const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence2 = presentAndGetFence(setExpectedPresentTime);
-        presentFence2->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+            writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer2->handle,
+                                  /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+            const auto setExpectedPresentTime = [&]() -> std::optional<ClockMonotonicTimestamp> {
+                if (!framesDelay.has_value()) {
+                    return ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp;
+                } else if (*framesDelay == 0) {
+                    return ClockMonotonicTimestamp{0};
+                }
+                return ClockMonotonicTimestamp{expectedPresentTime};
+            }();
 
-        const auto actualPresentTime = presentFence2->getSignalTime();
-        EXPECT_GE(actualPresentTime, expectedPresentTime - vsyncPeriod / 2);
+            const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence2 =
+                    presentAndGetFence(setExpectedPresentTime, display.getDisplayId());
+            presentFence2->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
 
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
+            const auto actualPresentTime = presentFence2->getSignalTime();
+            EXPECT_GE(actualPresentTime, expectedPresentTime - vsyncPeriod / 2);
+
+            ASSERT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
+        }
     }
 
     void forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig(
-            std::function<void(VtsDisplay&, const DisplayConfiguration&)> func) {
-        for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+            std::function<void(DisplayWrapper&, const DisplayConfiguration&)> func) {
+        for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
             const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
             EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
             const auto& [status, displayConfigurations] =
@@ -1777,11 +1845,11 @@
                 }
             }
             EXPECT_TRUE(
-                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
+                    mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
         }
     }
 
-    void configureLayer(const VtsDisplay& display, int64_t layer, Composition composition,
+    void configureLayer(const DisplayWrapper& display, int64_t layer, Composition composition,
                         const Rect& displayFrame, const FRect& cropRect) {
         auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
         writer.setLayerCompositionType(display.getDisplayId(), layer, composition);
@@ -1838,86 +1906,94 @@
 };
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetColorTransform) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    writer.setColorTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kIdentity.data());
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        writer.setColorTransform(display.getDisplayId(), kIdentity.data());
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerColorTransform) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    writer.setLayerColorTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, kIdentity.data());
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        writer.setLayerColorTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, kIdentity.data());
+        execute();
 
-    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-    if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setLayerColorTransform is not supported";
-        return;
+        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+        if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setLayerColorTransform is not supported";
+            continue;
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetDisplayBrightness) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
-    const auto& [status, capabilities] =
-            mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    bool brightnessSupport = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
-                                       DisplayCapability::BRIGHTNESS) != capabilities.end();
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    if (!brightnessSupport) {
-        writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 0.5f, -1.f);
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto& [status, capabilities] =
+                mComposerClient->getDisplayCapabilities(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        bool brightnessSupport = std::find(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(),
+                                           DisplayCapability::BRIGHTNESS) != capabilities.end();
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        if (!brightnessSupport) {
+            writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 0.5f, -1.f);
+            execute();
+            const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+            ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED, errors[0].errorCode);
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "SetDisplayBrightness is not supported";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 0.0f, -1.f);
         execute();
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED, errors[0].errorCode);
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "SetDisplayBrightness is not supported";
-        return;
-    }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 0.0f, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 0.5f, -1.f);
+        execute();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 0.5f, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 1.0f, -1.f);
+        execute();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 1.0f, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ -1.0f, -1.f);
+        execute();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ -1.0f, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 2.0f, -1.f);
+        execute();
+        {
+            const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+            ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
+        }
 
-    writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 2.0f, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    {
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
-    }
-
-    writer.setDisplayBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ -2.0f, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    {
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
+        writer.setDisplayBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), /*brightness*/ 2.0f, -1.f);
+        execute();
+        {
+            const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+            ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetClientTarget) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount)
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mComposerClient->setClientTargetSlotCount(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount)
                         .isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    writer.setClientTarget(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*slot*/ 0, nullptr, /*acquireFence*/ -1,
-                           Dataspace::UNKNOWN, std::vector<Rect>(), 1.0f);
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        writer.setClientTarget(display.getDisplayId(), /*slot*/ 0, nullptr, /*acquireFence*/ -1,
+                               Dataspace::UNKNOWN, std::vector<Rect>(), 1.0f);
 
-    execute();
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetOutputBuffer) {
@@ -1933,34 +2009,43 @@
             kBufferSlotCount);
     EXPECT_TRUE(displayStatus.isOk());
 
-    const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+    // Use dimensions from the primary display
+    const DisplayWrapper& primary = mDisplays[0];
+    const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, primary);
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     auto& writer = getWriter(display.display);
-    writer.setOutputBuffer(display.display, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*releaseFence*/ -1);
+    writer.setOutputBuffer(display.display, /*slot*/ 0, handle,
+                           /*releaseFence*/ -1);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, ValidDisplay) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, AcceptDisplayChanges) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
-    writer.acceptDisplayChanges(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+        writer.acceptDisplayChanges(display.getDisplayId());
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, PresentDisplay) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
-    writer.presentDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+        writer.presentDisplay(display.getDisplayId());
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1971,264 +2056,282 @@
  * surface damage have been set
  */
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, PresentDisplayNoLayerStateChanges) {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
 
-    const auto& [renderIntentsStatus, renderIntents] =
-            mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(renderIntentsStatus.isOk());
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    for (auto intent : renderIntents) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setColorMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE, intent)
+        const auto& [renderIntentsStatus, renderIntents] =
+                mComposerClient->getRenderIntents(display.getDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(renderIntentsStatus.isOk());
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        for (auto intent : renderIntents) {
+            EXPECT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->setColorMode(display.getDisplayId(), ColorMode::NATIVE, intent)
                             .isOk());
 
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-        const auto handle = buffer->handle;
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
+            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+            const auto handle = buffer->handle;
+            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+            const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                    mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+            EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-        Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
-                          getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
-        FRect cropRect{0, 0, (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
-                       (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
-        configureLayer(getPrimaryDisplay(), layer, Composition::CURSOR, displayFrame, cropRect);
-        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle,
-                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-        writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
-        writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                               VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
-        execute();
-        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
-            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Composition change requested, skipping test";
-            return;
+            Rect displayFrame{0, 0, display.getDisplayWidth(), display.getDisplayHeight()};
+            FRect cropRect{0, 0, (float)display.getDisplayWidth(),
+                           (float)display.getDisplayHeight()};
+            configureLayer(display, layer, Composition::CURSOR, displayFrame, cropRect);
+            writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle,
+                                  /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+            writer.setLayerDataspace(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
+            writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                                   ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+            execute();
+            if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display.getDisplayId()).empty()) {
+                GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Composition change requested, skipping test";
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+            writer.presentDisplay(display.getDisplayId());
+            execute();
+            ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+
+            const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+            const auto handle2 = buffer2->handle;
+            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle2);
+            writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle2,
+                                  /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+            writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(display.getDisplayId(), layer,
+                                         std::vector<Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
+            writer.presentDisplay(display.getDisplayId());
+            execute();
         }
-
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        writer.presentDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        execute();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-
-        const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-        const auto handle2 = buffer2->handle;
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle2);
-        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle2,
-                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-        writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
-                                     std::vector<Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
-        writer.presentDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        execute();
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerCursorPosition) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    const auto handle = buffer->handle;
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        const auto handle = buffer->handle;
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
 
-    Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
-                      getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
-    FRect cropRect{0, 0, (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
-                   (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
-    configureLayer(getPrimaryDisplay(), layer, Composition::CURSOR, displayFrame, cropRect);
-    writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
-    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+        Rect displayFrame{0, 0, display.getDisplayWidth(), display.getDisplayHeight()};
+        FRect cropRect{0, 0, (float)display.getDisplayWidth(), (float)display.getDisplayHeight()};
+        configureLayer(display, layer, Composition::CURSOR, displayFrame, cropRect);
+        writer.setLayerDataspace(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
+        writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
 
-    execute();
+        execute();
 
-    if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty()) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Composition change requested, skipping test";
-        return;
+        if (!mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display.getDisplayId()).empty()) {
+            continue;  // Skip this display if composition change requested
+        }
+        writer.presentDisplay(display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+
+        writer.setLayerCursorPosition(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*x*/ 1, /*y*/ 1);
+        execute();
+
+        writer.setLayerCursorPosition(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*x*/ 0, /*y*/ 0);
+        writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+        execute();
     }
-    writer.presentDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-
-    writer.setLayerCursorPosition(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*x*/ 1, /*y*/ 1);
-    execute();
-
-    writer.setLayerCursorPosition(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*x*/ 0, /*y*/ 0);
-    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
-    writer.presentDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBuffer) {
-    const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    const auto handle = buffer->handle;
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        const auto handle = buffer->handle;
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBufferMultipleTimes) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    // Setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active. Then, emulate the
-    // Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots by setting all but the active buffer
-    // slot to a placeholder buffer, and then restoring the active buffer.
+        // Setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active. Then, emulate the
+        // Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots by setting all but the active buffer
+        // slot to a placeholder buffer, and then restoring the active buffer.
 
-    // This is used on HALs that don't support setLayerBufferSlotsToClear (version <= 3.1).
+        // This is used on HALs that don't support setLayerBufferSlotsToClear (version <= 3.1).
 
-    const auto buffer1 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
-    const auto handle1 = buffer1->handle;
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle1, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        const auto buffer1 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
+        const auto handle1 = buffer1->handle;
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle1,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
-    const auto handle2 = buffer2->handle;
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 1, handle2, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
+        const auto handle2 = buffer2->handle;
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 1, handle2,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    const auto buffer3 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer3);
-    const auto handle3 = buffer3->handle;
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 2, handle3, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        const auto buffer3 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer3);
+        const auto handle3 = buffer3->handle;
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 2, handle3,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    // Older versions of the HAL clear all but the active buffer slot with a placeholder buffer,
-    // and then restoring the current active buffer at the end
-    auto clearSlotBuffer = allocate(1u, 1u, ::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, clearSlotBuffer);
-    auto clearSlotBufferHandle = clearSlotBuffer->handle;
+        // Older versions of the HAL clear all but the active buffer slot with a placeholder buffer,
+        // and then restoring the current active buffer at the end
+        auto clearSlotBuffer = allocate(1u, 1u, ::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_888);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, clearSlotBuffer);
+        auto clearSlotBufferHandle = clearSlotBuffer->handle;
 
-    // clear buffer slots 0 and 1 with new layer commands... and then...
-    writer.setLayerBufferWithNewCommand(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /* slot */ 0,
-                                        clearSlotBufferHandle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    writer.setLayerBufferWithNewCommand(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /* slot */ 1,
-                                        clearSlotBufferHandle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    // ...reset the layer buffer to the current active buffer slot with a final new command
-    writer.setLayerBufferWithNewCommand(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 2, nullptr,
-                                        /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        // clear buffer slots 0 and 1 with new layer commands... and then...
+        writer.setLayerBufferWithNewCommand(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /* slot */ 0,
+                                            clearSlotBufferHandle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        writer.setLayerBufferWithNewCommand(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /* slot */ 1,
+                                            clearSlotBufferHandle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        // ...reset the layer buffer to the current active buffer slot with a final new command
+        writer.setLayerBufferWithNewCommand(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 2, nullptr,
+                                            /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSurfaceDamage) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
-    Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
+        Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
+        Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, unit));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, unit));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBlockingRegion) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
-    Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
+        Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
+        Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, unit));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, unit));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBlendMode) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerBlendMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::NONE);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBlendMode(display.getDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::NONE);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBlendMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBlendMode(display.getDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBlendMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::COVERAGE);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBlendMode(display.getDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::COVERAGE);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerColor) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerColor(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Color{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerColor(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Color{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerColor(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Color{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerColor(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Color{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerCompositionType) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerCompositionType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Composition::CLIENT);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerCompositionType(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Composition::CLIENT);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerCompositionType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Composition::DEVICE);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerCompositionType(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Composition::DEVICE);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerCompositionType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Composition::SOLID_COLOR);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerCompositionType(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Composition::SOLID_COLOR);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerCompositionType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Composition::CURSOR);
-    execute();
+        writer.setLayerCompositionType(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Composition::CURSOR);
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, DisplayDecoration) {
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
         const auto [layerStatus, layer] =
@@ -2239,7 +2342,7 @@
 
         const auto format = (error.isOk() && support) ? support->format
                         : aidl::android::hardware::graphics::common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-        const auto decorBuffer = allocate(static_cast<::android::PixelFormat>(format));
+        const auto decorBuffer = allocate(static_cast<::android::PixelFormat>(format), display);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, decorBuffer);
         if (::android::OK != decorBuffer->initCheck()) {
             if (support) {
@@ -2258,7 +2361,7 @@
         writer.setLayerBuffer(displayId, layer, /*slot*/ 0, decorBuffer->handle,
                               /*acquireFence*/ -1);
         writer.validateDisplay(displayId, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                               VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute();
         if (support) {
             ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2272,38 +2375,42 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerDataspace) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
-
-    writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+        writer.setLayerDataspace(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerDisplayFrame) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
-
-    writer.setLayerDisplayFrame(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Rect{0, 0, 1, 1});
-    execute();
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+        writer.setLayerDisplayFrame(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Rect{0, 0, 1, 1});
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerPlaneAlpha) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*alpha*/ 0.0f);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*alpha*/ 0.0f);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*alpha*/ 1.0f);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*alpha*/ 1.0f);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSidebandStream) {
@@ -2312,186 +2419,201 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    const auto handle = buffer->handle;
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        const auto handle = buffer->handle;
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerSidebandStream(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, handle);
-    execute();
+        writer.setLayerSidebandStream(display.getDisplayId(), layer, handle);
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSourceCrop) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerSourceCrop(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, FRect{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
-    execute();
+        writer.setLayerSourceCrop(display.getDisplayId(), layer, FRect{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
+        execute();
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerTransform) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, static_cast<Transform>(0));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, static_cast<Transform>(0));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Transform::FLIP_H);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Transform::FLIP_H);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Transform::FLIP_V);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Transform::FLIP_V);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Transform::ROT_90);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Transform::ROT_90);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Transform::ROT_180);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Transform::ROT_180);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Transform::ROT_270);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer, Transform::ROT_270);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
-                             static_cast<Transform>(static_cast<int>(Transform::FLIP_H) |
-                                                    static_cast<int>(Transform::ROT_90)));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer,
+                                 static_cast<Transform>(static_cast<int>(Transform::FLIP_H) |
+                                                        static_cast<int>(Transform::ROT_90)));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
-                             static_cast<Transform>(static_cast<int>(Transform::FLIP_V) |
-                                                    static_cast<int>(Transform::ROT_90)));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerTransform(display.getDisplayId(), layer,
+                                 static_cast<Transform>(static_cast<int>(Transform::FLIP_V) |
+                                                        static_cast<int>(Transform::ROT_90)));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerVisibleRegion) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
-    Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
+        Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
+        Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, unit));
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, unit));
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerZOrder) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
 
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    writer.setLayerZOrder(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*z*/ 10);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerZOrder(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*z*/ 10);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerZOrder(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*z*/ 0);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerZOrder(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*z*/ 0);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerPerFrameMetadata) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    /**
-     * DISPLAY_P3 is a color space that uses the DCI_P3 primaries,
-     * the D65 white point and the SRGB transfer functions.
-     * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
-     * Primaries:
-     *                  x       y
-     *  green           0.265   0.690
-     *  blue            0.150   0.060
-     *  red             0.680   0.320
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     */
+        /**
+         * DISPLAY_P3 is a color space that uses the DCI_P3 primaries,
+         * the D65 white point and the SRGB transfer functions.
+         * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
+         * Primaries:
+         *                  x       y
+         *  green           0.265   0.690
+         *  blue            0.150   0.060
+         *  red             0.680   0.320
+         *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
+         */
 
-    std::vector<PerFrameMetadata> aidlMetadata;
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_X, 0.680f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_Y, 0.320f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_GREEN_PRIMARY_X, 0.265f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_GREEN_PRIMARY_Y, 0.690f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_BLUE_PRIMARY_X, 0.150f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_BLUE_PRIMARY_Y, 0.060f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::WHITE_POINT_X, 0.3127f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::WHITE_POINT_Y, 0.3290f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MAX_LUMINANCE, 100.0f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MIN_LUMINANCE, 0.1f});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MAX_CONTENT_LIGHT_LEVEL, 78.0});
-    aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MAX_FRAME_AVERAGE_LIGHT_LEVEL, 62.0});
-    writer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, aidlMetadata);
-    execute();
+        std::vector<PerFrameMetadata> aidlMetadata;
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_X, 0.680f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_Y, 0.320f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_GREEN_PRIMARY_X, 0.265f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_GREEN_PRIMARY_Y, 0.690f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_BLUE_PRIMARY_X, 0.150f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_BLUE_PRIMARY_Y, 0.060f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::WHITE_POINT_X, 0.3127f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::WHITE_POINT_Y, 0.3290f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MAX_LUMINANCE, 100.0f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MIN_LUMINANCE, 0.1f});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MAX_CONTENT_LIGHT_LEVEL, 78.0});
+        aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::MAX_FRAME_AVERAGE_LIGHT_LEVEL, 62.0});
+        writer.setLayerPerFrameMetadata(display.getDisplayId(), layer, aidlMetadata);
+        execute();
 
-    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-    if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "SetLayerPerFrameMetadata is not supported";
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
-        return;
+        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+        if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "SetLayerPerFrameMetadata is not supported";
+            EXPECT_TRUE(
+                    mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
     }
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, setLayerBrightness) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    for (const auto& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
 
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
 
-    writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 0.2f);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), layer, 0.2f);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1.f);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), layer, 1.f);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 0.f);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        writer.setLayerBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), layer, 0.f);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, -1.f);
-    execute();
-    {
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
-    }
+        writer.setLayerBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), layer, -1.f);
+        execute();
+        {
+            const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+            ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
+        }
 
-    writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::nanf(""));
-    execute();
-    {
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
-        EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
+        writer.setLayerBrightness(display.getDisplayId(), layer, std::nanf(""));
+        execute();
+        {
+            const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+            ASSERT_EQ(1, errors.size());
+            EXPECT_EQ(IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER, errors[0].errorCode);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -2509,7 +2631,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, GetDisplayVsyncPeriod) {
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         const auto& [status, configs] = mComposerClient->getDisplayConfigs(display.getDisplayId());
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
@@ -2568,7 +2690,7 @@
     constraints.seamlessRequired = true;
     constraints.desiredTimeNanos = systemTime();
 
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         forEachTwoConfigs(display.getDisplayId(), [&](int32_t config1, int32_t config2) {
             int32_t configGroup1 = display.getDisplayConfig(config1).configGroup;
             int32_t configGroup2 = display.getDisplayConfig(config2).configGroup;
@@ -2598,77 +2720,86 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetIdleTimerEnabled_Unsupported) {
-    const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
-            hasDisplayCapability(getPrimaryDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
-    if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
-        const auto& status =
-                mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 0);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
+                hasDisplayCapability(display.getDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
+        if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
+            const auto& status =
+                    mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(display.getDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 0);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        }
     }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetIdleTimerEnabled_BadParameter) {
-    const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
-            hasDisplayCapability(getPrimaryDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
-    if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported";
-        return;
-    }
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
+                hasDisplayCapability(display.getDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
+        if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
+            continue;  // DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported
+        }
 
-    const auto& status =
-            mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ -1);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+        const auto& status =
+                mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(display.getDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ -1);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_PARAMETER));
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetIdleTimerEnabled_Disable) {
-    const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
-            hasDisplayCapability(getPrimaryDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
-    if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported";
-        return;
-    }
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
+                hasDisplayCapability(display.getDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
+        if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
+            continue;  // DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported
+        }
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 0).isOk());
-    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleCount());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(display.getDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 0).isOk());
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleCount());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetIdleTimerEnabled_Timeout_2) {
-    const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
-            hasDisplayCapability(getPrimaryDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
-    if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported";
-        return;
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        const bool hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport =
+                hasDisplayCapability(display.getDisplayId(), DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER);
+        if (!hasDisplayIdleTimerSupport) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(
+                mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(display.getDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 0).isOk());
+
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display);
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
+
+        const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        int32_t vsyncIdleCount = mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleCount();
+        auto earlyVsyncIdleTime = systemTime() + std::chrono::nanoseconds(2s).count();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(display.getDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 2000)
+                            .isOk());
+
+        const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence =
+                presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp, display.getDisplayId());
+        presentFence->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(3s);
+        if (vsyncIdleCount < mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleCount()) {
+            EXPECT_GE(mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleTime(), earlyVsyncIdleTime);
+        }
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(display.getDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
     }
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::ON).isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 0).isOk());
-
-    const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
-
-    const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(getPrimaryDisplay());
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
-                          /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    int32_t vsyncIdleCount = mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleCount();
-    auto earlyVsyncIdleTime = systemTime() + std::chrono::nanoseconds(2s).count();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(
-            mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*timeout*/ 2000).isOk());
-
-    const sp<::android::Fence> presentFence =
-            presentAndGetFence(ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp);
-    presentFence->waitForever(LOG_TAG);
-
-    std::this_thread::sleep_for(3s);
-    if (vsyncIdleCount < mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleCount()) {
-        EXPECT_GE(mComposerClient->getVsyncIdleTime(), earlyVsyncIdleTime);
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
 }
 
 class GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test : public GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest {
@@ -2680,6 +2811,7 @@
         }
     }
 };
+
 /**
  * Test Capability::SKIP_VALIDATE
  *
@@ -2694,58 +2826,66 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test, SetLayerBufferSlotsToClear) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    // Older HAL versions use a backwards compatible way of clearing buffer slots
-    // HAL at version 1 or lower does not have LayerCommand::bufferSlotsToClear
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        // Older HAL versions use a backwards compatible way of clearing buffer slots
+        // HAL at version 1 or lower does not have LayerCommand::bufferSlotsToClear
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    // setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active
-    // then emulate the Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots
+        // setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active
+        // then emulate the Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots
 
-    const auto buffer1 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
-    const auto handle1 = buffer1->handle;
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle1, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        const auto buffer1 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer1);
+        const auto handle1 = buffer1->handle;
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle1,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
-    const auto handle2 = buffer2->handle;
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 1, handle2, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        const auto buffer2 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer2);
+        const auto handle2 = buffer2->handle;
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 1, handle2,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    const auto buffer3 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer3);
-    const auto handle3 = buffer3->handle;
-    writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 2, handle3, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        const auto buffer3 = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display.getDisplayId());
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer3);
+        const auto handle3 = buffer3->handle;
+        writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 2, handle3,
+                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 
-    // Ensure we can clear all 3 buffer slots, even the active buffer - it is assumed the
-    // current active buffer's slot will be cleared, but still remain the active buffer and no
-    // errors will occur.
-    writer.setLayerBufferSlotsToClear(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, {0, 1, 2});
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        // Ensure we can clear all 3 buffer slots, even the active buffer - it is assumed the
+        // current active buffer's slot will be cleared, but still remain the active buffer and no
+        // errors will occur.
+        writer.setLayerBufferSlotsToClear(display.getDisplayId(), layer, {0, 1, 2});
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test, SetRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebug_Unsupported) {
     if (!hasCapability(Capability::REFRESH_RATE_CHANGED_CALLBACK_DEBUG)) {
-        auto status = mComposerClient->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(
-                getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*enabled*/ true);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+            auto status = mComposerClient->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(
+                    display.getDisplayId(), /*enabled*/ true);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
 
-        status = mComposerClient->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(getPrimaryDisplayId(),
-                                                                            /*enabled*/ false);
-        EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
-        EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+            status = mComposerClient->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(
+                    display.getDisplayId(),
+                    /*enabled*/ false);
+            EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
+            EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+                    assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED));
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -2755,7 +2895,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
         EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
         // Enable the callback
@@ -2798,54 +2938,55 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    auto display = getEditablePrimaryDisplay();
-    const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
 
-    if (!hasDisplayCapability(displayId, DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER)) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported";
-        return;
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPeakRefreshRateConfig(&display).isOk());
-
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(displayId, /*timeoutMs*/ 500).isOk());
-    // Enable the callback
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient
-                        ->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(displayId,
-                                                                    /*enabled*/ true)
-                        .isOk());
-
-    const auto displayFilter = [displayId](auto refreshRateChangedDebugData) {
-        return displayId == refreshRateChangedDebugData.display;
-    };
-
-    int retryCount = 3;
-    do {
-        // Wait for 1s so that we enter the idle state
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
-        if (!checkIfCallbackRefreshRateChangedDebugEnabledReceived(displayFilter)) {
-            // DID NOT receive a callback, we are in the idle state.
-            break;
+        if (!hasDisplayCapability(displayId, DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER)) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "DisplayCapability::DISPLAY_IDLE_TIMER is not supported";
+            return;
         }
-    } while (--retryCount > 0);
 
-    if (retryCount == 0) {
-        GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Unable to enter the idle mode";
-        return;
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPeakRefreshRateConfig(&display).isOk());
+
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setIdleTimerEnabled(displayId, /*timeoutMs*/ 500).isOk());
+        // Enable the callback
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient
+                            ->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(displayId,
+                                                                        /*enabled*/ true)
+                            .isOk());
+
+        const auto displayFilter = [displayId](auto refreshRateChangedDebugData) {
+            return displayId == refreshRateChangedDebugData.display;
+        };
+
+        int retryCount = 3;
+        do {
+            // Wait for 1s so that we enter the idle state
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+            if (!checkIfCallbackRefreshRateChangedDebugEnabledReceived(displayFilter)) {
+                // DID NOT receive a callback, we are in the idle state.
+                break;
+            }
+        } while (--retryCount > 0);
+
+        if (retryCount == 0) {
+            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Unable to enter the idle mode";
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Send the REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR update
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(sendBufferUpdate(
+                createOnScreenLayer(display, Composition::REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR), displayId));
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(checkIfCallbackRefreshRateChangedDebugEnabledReceived(displayFilter))
+                << "A callback should not be received for REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR";
+
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient
+                            ->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(displayId,
+                                                                        /*enabled*/ false)
+                            .isOk());
     }
-
-    // Send the REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR update
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(sendBufferUpdate(
-            createOnScreenLayer(getPrimaryDisplay(), Composition::REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR)));
-    std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(checkIfCallbackRefreshRateChangedDebugEnabledReceived(displayFilter))
-            << "A callback should not be received for REFRESH_RATE_INDICATOR";
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient
-                        ->setRefreshRateChangedCallbackDebugEnabled(displayId,
-                                                                    /*enabled*/ false)
-                        .isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test,
@@ -2859,7 +3000,7 @@
     constraints.seamlessRequired = false;
     constraints.desiredTimeNanos = systemTime();
 
-    for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+    for (DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
         const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
         EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
 
@@ -2917,7 +3058,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, MultiThreadedPresent) {
-    std::vector<VtsDisplay*> displays;
+    std::vector<DisplayWrapper*> displays;
     for (auto& display : mDisplays) {
         if (hasDisplayCapability(display.getDisplayId(),
                                  DisplayCapability::MULTI_THREADED_PRESENT)) {
@@ -2959,7 +3100,7 @@
 
         const auto& [status, layer] =
                 mComposerClient->createLayer(displayId, kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
         ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK, buffer->initCheck());
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
@@ -2980,7 +3121,7 @@
         lock.unlock();
 
         writer.validateDisplay(displayId, ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                               VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+                               ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
         execute(writer, reader);
 
         threads.emplace_back([this, displayId, &readers, &readersMutex]() {
@@ -3034,12 +3175,14 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
         return;
     }
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, CreateBatchedCommand_BadDisplay) {
@@ -3063,15 +3206,18 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
         return;
     }
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, DestroyBatchedCommand_BadDisplay) {
@@ -3079,20 +3225,23 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
         return;
     }
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    execute();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
 
-    auto& invalid_writer = getWriter(getInvalidDisplayId());
-    invalid_writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
-                                                     LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
-    execute();
-    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+        execute();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+
+        auto& invalid_writer = getWriter(getInvalidDisplayId());
+        invalid_writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                                         LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
+        execute();
+        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, NoCreateDestroyBatchedCommandIncorrectLayer) {
@@ -3101,13 +3250,15 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    int64_t layer = 5;
-    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
-                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
-    execute();
-    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER);
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        int64_t layer = 5;
+        writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display.getDisplayId(), layer,
+                                                 LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
+        execute();
+        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+        ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER);
+    }
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, notifyExpectedPresentTimeout) {
@@ -3115,13 +3266,13 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Device has unreliable present fences capability, skipping";
         return;
     }
-    forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig([&](VtsDisplay& display,
+    forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig([&](DisplayWrapper& display,
                                            const DisplayConfiguration& config) {
         const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
         auto minFrameIntervalNs = config.vrrConfig->minFrameIntervalNs;
         const auto timeoutNs = config.vrrConfig->notifyExpectedPresentConfig->timeoutNs;
 
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
         const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
@@ -3155,10 +3306,10 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Device has unreliable present fences capability, skipping";
         return;
     }
-    forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig([&](VtsDisplay& display,
+    forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig([&](DisplayWrapper& display,
                                            const DisplayConfiguration& config) {
         const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
         const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
@@ -3171,7 +3322,7 @@
         auto lastPresentTimeNs = presentFence->getSignalTime();
 
         auto vsyncPeriod = config.vsyncPeriod;
-        int32_t highestDivisor = VtsComposerClient::kMaxFrameIntervalNs / vsyncPeriod;
+        int32_t highestDivisor = ComposerClientWrapper::kMaxFrameIntervalNs / vsyncPeriod;
         int32_t lowestDivisor = minFrameIntervalNs / vsyncPeriod;
         const auto headsUpNs = config.vrrConfig->notifyExpectedPresentConfig->headsUpNs;
         float totalDivisorsPassed = 0.f;
@@ -3202,10 +3353,10 @@
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Device has unreliable present fences capability, skipping";
         return;
     }
-    forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig([&](VtsDisplay& display,
+    forEachNotifyExpectedPresentConfig([&](DisplayWrapper& display,
                                            const DisplayConfiguration& config) {
         const auto displayId = display.getDisplayId();
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
         const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
@@ -3214,7 +3365,7 @@
         auto minFrameIntervalNs = config.vrrConfig->minFrameIntervalNs;
 
         auto vsyncPeriod = config.vsyncPeriod;
-        int32_t highestDivisor = VtsComposerClient::kMaxFrameIntervalNs / vsyncPeriod;
+        int32_t highestDivisor = ComposerClientWrapper::kMaxFrameIntervalNs / vsyncPeriod;
         int32_t lowestDivisor = minFrameIntervalNs / vsyncPeriod;
         const auto headsUpNs = config.vrrConfig->notifyExpectedPresentConfig->headsUpNs;
         float totalDivisorsPassed = 0.f;
@@ -3291,7 +3442,7 @@
 
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
         const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
         // TODO(b/337330263): Lookup profile IDs from MediaQualityManager
         writer.setDisplayPictureProfileId(displayId, PictureProfileId(1));
@@ -3316,7 +3467,7 @@
 
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
         const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
         writer.setLayerBuffer(displayId, layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
                               /*acquireFence*/ -1);
@@ -3342,7 +3493,7 @@
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
         for (int profileId = 1; profileId <= maxProfiles + 1; ++profileId) {
             const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
-            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
             ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
             writer.setLayerBuffer(displayId, layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
                                   /*acquireFence*/ -1);
@@ -3362,7 +3513,7 @@
         int64_t displayId = display.getDisplayId();
         auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
         const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display);
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
+        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, displayId);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
         writer.setLayerBuffer(displayId, layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
                               /*acquireFence*/ -1);
@@ -3381,45 +3532,47 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV4Test, SetUnsupportedLayerLuts) {
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
-    const auto& [status, properties] = mComposerClient->getOverlaySupport();
+    for (const DisplayWrapper& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
+        const auto& [status, properties] = mComposerClient->getOverlaySupport();
 
-    // TODO (b/362319189): add Lut VTS enforcement
-    if ((!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
-         status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) ||
-        (status.isOk() && !properties.lutProperties)) {
-        int32_t size = 7;
-        size_t bufferSize = static_cast<size_t>(size) * sizeof(float);
-        int32_t fd = ashmem_create_region("lut_shared_mem", bufferSize);
-        void* ptr = mmap(nullptr, bufferSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
-        std::vector<float> buffers = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
-        memcpy(ptr, buffers.data(), bufferSize);
-        munmap(ptr, bufferSize);
-        Luts luts;
-        luts.offsets = {0};
-        luts.lutProperties = {
-                {LutProperties::Dimension::ONE_D, size, {LutProperties::SamplingKey::RGB}}};
-        luts.pfd = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(fd);
+        // TODO (b/362319189): add Lut VTS enforcement
+        if ((!status.isOk() && status.getExceptionCode() == EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC &&
+             status.getServiceSpecificError() == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) ||
+            (status.isOk() && !properties.lutProperties)) {
+            int32_t size = 7;
+            size_t bufferSize = static_cast<size_t>(size) * sizeof(float);
+            int32_t fd = ashmem_create_region("lut_shared_mem", bufferSize);
+            void* ptr = mmap(nullptr, bufferSize, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+            std::vector<float> buffers = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+            memcpy(ptr, buffers.data(), bufferSize);
+            munmap(ptr, bufferSize);
+            Luts luts;
+            luts.offsets = {0};
+            luts.lutProperties = {
+                    {LutProperties::Dimension::ONE_D, size, {LutProperties::SamplingKey::RGB}}};
+            luts.pfd = ndk::ScopedFileDescriptor(fd);
 
-        const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId());
-        const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
-        writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
-                              /*acquireFence*/ -1);
-        writer.setLayerLuts(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, luts);
-        writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
-                               VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
-        execute();
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
-            GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setLayerLuts is not supported";
-            return;
+            const auto layer = createOnScreenLayer(display.getDisplayId());
+            const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888, display.getDisplayId());
+            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer->handle);
+            writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, buffer->handle,
+                                  /*acquireFence*/ -1);
+            writer.setLayerLuts(display.getDisplayId(), layer, luts);
+            writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                                   ComposerClientWrapper::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+            execute();
+            const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+            if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_UNSUPPORTED) {
+                GTEST_SUCCEED() << "setLayerLuts is not supported";
+                return;
+            }
+            // change to client composition
+            ASSERT_FALSE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(display.getDisplayId()).empty());
         }
-        // change to client composition
-        ASSERT_FALSE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/VtsNfcBehaviorChangesTest.cpp b/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/VtsNfcBehaviorChangesTest.cpp
index a61f8ee..a0c9436 100644
--- a/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/VtsNfcBehaviorChangesTest.cpp
+++ b/nfc/aidl/vts/functional/VtsNfcBehaviorChangesTest.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "nfc_api.h"
 #define LOG_TAG "nfc_behavior_changes_test"
 
 #include <aidl/Gtest.h>
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/BnNfc.h>
 #include <aidl/android/hardware/nfc/INfc.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -43,9 +45,33 @@
 static SyncEvent sNfaVsCommand;    // event for VS commands
 static SyncEvent sNfaEnableDisablePollingEvent;
 static SyncEvent sNfaPowerChangeEvent;
+static std::vector<uint8_t> sCaps(0);
 static bool sIsNfaEnabled;
 static tNFA_STATUS sVSCmdStatus;
 
+static const int SET_PASSIVE_OBSERVER_TECH_TIMEOUT_MS = 15;
+
+static int get_vsr_api_level() {
+    int api_level =
+            ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.vendor.api_level", -1);
+    if (api_level != -1) {
+        return api_level;
+    }
+
+    api_level =
+            ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.board.api_level", -1);
+    if (api_level != -1) {
+        return api_level;
+    }
+
+    api_level =
+            ::android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.board.first_api_level", -1);
+    EXPECT_NE(api_level, -1) << "Could not find VSR API level.";
+
+    return api_level;
+
+}
+
 static void nfaDeviceManagementCallback(uint8_t dmEvent, tNFA_DM_CBACK_DATA* eventData) {
     LOG(DEBUG) << StringPrintf("%s: enter; event=0x%X", __func__, dmEvent);
 
@@ -119,6 +145,7 @@
         case NCI_MSG_PROP_ANDROID: {
             uint8_t android_sub_opcode = p_param[3];
             switch (android_sub_opcode) {
+                case NCI_ANDROID_SET_PASSIVE_OBSERVER_TECH:
                 case NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE: {
                     if (param_len == 5) {
                         if ((p_param[0] & NCI_MT_MASK) == (NCI_MT_RSP << NCI_MT_SHIFT)) {
@@ -138,6 +165,12 @@
                 case NCI_ANDROID_POLLING_FRAME_NTF: {
                     // TODO
                 } break;
+                case NCI_ANDROID_GET_CAPS: {
+                    sVSCmdStatus = p_param[4];
+                    SyncEventGuard guard(sNfaVsCommand);
+                    sCaps.assign(p_param + 8, p_param + param_len);
+                    sNfaVsCommand.notifyOne();
+                } break;
                 default:
                     LOG(WARNING) << StringPrintf("Unknown Android sub opcode %x",
                                                  android_sub_opcode);
@@ -170,7 +203,7 @@
 
     if (status == NFA_STATUS_OK) {
         if (!sNfaVsCommand.wait(1000)) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "Timeout waiting for NFA VS command response";
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Timeout waiting for set observe mode command response";
             return NFA_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
         }
     }
@@ -178,10 +211,64 @@
     return status;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Enable per-technology observe mode.
+ */
+tNFA_STATUS static nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(uint8_t tech_mask) {
+    tNFA_STATUS status = NFA_STATUS_FAILED;
+
+    uint8_t cmd[] = {NCI_ANDROID_SET_PASSIVE_OBSERVER_TECH, tech_mask};
+
+    status = NFA_SendVsCommand(NCI_MSG_PROP_ANDROID, sizeof(cmd), cmd, nfaVSCallback);
+
+    if (status == NFA_STATUS_OK) {
+        if (!sNfaVsCommand.wait(SET_PASSIVE_OBSERVER_TECH_TIMEOUT_MS)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Timeout waiting for set observer tech command response";
+            return NFA_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get chipset capabilities.
+ */
+tNFA_STATUS static nfaGetCaps() {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "getting caps";
+    tNFA_STATUS status = NFA_STATUS_FAILED;
+
+    uint8_t cmd[] = {NCI_ANDROID_GET_CAPS};
+    status = NFA_SendVsCommand(NCI_MSG_PROP_ANDROID, sizeof(cmd), cmd, nfaVSCallback);
+
+    if (status == NFA_STATUS_OK) {
+        if (!sNfaVsCommand.wait(1000)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Timeout waiting for GET_CAPS response";
+            return NFA_STATUS_TIMEOUT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get observe mode capabilities.
+ */
+uint8_t static getCapsPassiveObserverModeValue() {
+    return sCaps[2];
+}
+
 class NfcBehaviorChanges : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
-  protected:
+protected:
     void SetUp() override {
         tNFA_STATUS status = NFA_STATUS_OK;
+        status = NFA_StartRfDiscovery();
+        ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(sNfaEnableDisablePollingEvent.wait(1000)) << "Timeout starting RF discovery";
+    }
+
+    static void SetUpTestSuite() {
+        tNFA_STATUS status = NFA_STATUS_OK;
 
         sIsNfaEnabled = false;
         sVSCmdStatus = NFA_STATUS_OK;
@@ -204,21 +291,21 @@
         }
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(sIsNfaEnabled) << "Could not initialize NFC controller";
-
-        status = NFA_StartRfDiscovery();
-        ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(sNfaEnableDisablePollingEvent.wait(1000)) << "Timeout starting RF discovery";
     }
 };
 
 /*
- * ObserveModeEnable:
+ * ObserveModeEnableDisable:
  * Attempts to enable observe mode. Does not test Observe Mode functionality,
  * but simply verifies that the enable command responds successfully.
  *
  * @VsrTest = GMS-VSR-3.2.8-001
  */
 TEST_P(NfcBehaviorChanges, ObserveModeEnableDisable) {
+    if (get_vsr_api_level() < 202404) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test for board API level < 202404";
+    }
+
     tNFA_STATUS status = nfaObserveModeEnable(true);
     ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
 
@@ -226,12 +313,78 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
 }
 
+/*
+ * SetPassiveObserverTech_individualTechnologies:
+ * Verifies per-technology observe mode is supported as a capability. Then sets observe mode
+ * for each individual technology and verifies the command succeeds.
+ *
+ * @VsrTest = GMS-VSR-3.2.8-002
+ */
+TEST_P(NfcBehaviorChanges, SetPassiveObserverTech_individualTechnologies) {
+    if (get_vsr_api_level() < 202504) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test for board API level < 202504";
+    }
+
+    tNFC_STATUS status = nfaGetCaps();
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFC_STATUS_OK);
+    ASSERT_EQ(getCapsPassiveObserverModeValue(), 0x2);
+
+    status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_A);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+
+    status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_B);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+
+    status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_V);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+
+    status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_F);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetPassiveObserverTech_allExceptF:
+ * Verifies observe mode can be enabled for NFC-A, NFC-B, NFC-V, and disable for NFC-F.
+ *
+ * @VsrTest = GMS-VSR-3.2.8-002
+ */
+TEST_P(NfcBehaviorChanges, SetPassiveObserverTech_allExceptF) {
+    if (get_vsr_api_level() < 202504) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test for board API level < 202504";
+    }
+
+    tNFC_STATUS status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_A |
+                                       NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_B |
+                                       NCI_ANDROID_PASSIVE_OBSERVE_PARAM_ENABLE_V);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+}
+
+/*
+ * SetPassiveObserverTech_allOnAndOff:
+ * Verifies observe mode can be enabled and disabled for all technologies.
+ *
+ * @VsrTest = GMS-VSR-3.2.8-002
+ */
+TEST_P(NfcBehaviorChanges, SetPassiveObserverTech_allOnAndOff) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "starting new test";
+    if (get_vsr_api_level() < 202504) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test for board API level < 202504";
+    }
+
+    tNFC_STATUS status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(0x0F);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+
+    status = nfaSetPassiveObserverTech(0x00);
+    ASSERT_EQ(status, NFA_STATUS_OK);
+}
+
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(NfcBehaviorChanges);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(Nfc, NfcBehaviorChanges,
-                         testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(INfc::descriptor)),
-                         ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+        testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(INfc::descriptor)),
+        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString
+);
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
     std::system("/system/bin/svc nfc disable"); /* Turn off NFC service */
diff --git a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
index 7ef445e..65e93c6 100644
--- a/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
+++ b/security/rkp/aidl/vts/functional/VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@
 const string KEYMINT_STRONGBOX_INSTANCE_NAME =
         "android.hardware.security.keymint.IKeyMintDevice/strongbox";
 
+constexpr std::string_view kVerifiedBootState = "ro.boot.verifiedbootstate";
+constexpr std::string_view kDeviceState = "ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state";
+constexpr std::string_view kDefaultValue = "";
+
 #define INSTANTIATE_REM_PROV_AIDL_TEST(name)                                         \
     GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(name);                             \
     INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(                                                        \
@@ -171,6 +175,37 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+void unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonNormalDiceChain(
+        const string& rpcInstanceName, std::shared_ptr<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent> rpc) {
+    auto challenge = randomBytes(MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE);
+    bytevec csr;
+    auto status = rpc->generateCertificateRequestV2({} /* keysToSign */, challenge, &csr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getDescription();
+
+    auto isProper = isCsrWithProperDiceChain(csr, rpcInstanceName);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(isProper) << isProper.message();
+    if (!*isProper) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test: Only a proper DICE chain has a mode set.";
+    }
+
+    auto nonNormalMode = hasNonNormalModeInDiceChain(csr, rpcInstanceName);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(nonNormalMode) << nonNormalMode.message();
+
+    auto deviceState = ::android::base::GetProperty(string(kDeviceState), string(kDefaultValue));
+    auto verifiedBootState =
+            ::android::base::GetProperty(string(kVerifiedBootState), string(kDefaultValue));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!deviceState.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(!verifiedBootState.empty());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(deviceState != "locked" || verifiedBootState != "green", *nonNormalMode)
+            << kDeviceState << " = '" << deviceState << "' and " << kVerifiedBootState << " = '"
+            << verifiedBootState << "', but the DICE "
+            << " chain has a " << (*nonNormalMode ? "non-normal" : "normal") << " DICE mode."
+            << " Locked devices must report normal, and unlocked devices must report "
+            << " non-normal.";
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 class VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests : public testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
@@ -270,13 +305,9 @@
  */
 // @VsrTest = 7.1-003.001
 TEST(NonParameterizedTests, equalUdsPubInDiceCertChainForRkpVmAndPrimaryKeyMintInstances) {
-    int vendorApiLevel = get_vendor_api_level();
-    if (vendorApiLevel < 202504 && !AServiceManager_isDeclared(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str())) {
+    if (!AServiceManager_isDeclared(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str())) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "The RKP VM (" << RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME << ") is not present on this device.";
     }
-    if (vendorApiLevel >= 202504) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(AServiceManager_isDeclared(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str()));
-    }
 
     auto rkpVmRpc = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME);
     ASSERT_NE(rkpVmRpc, nullptr) << "The RKP VM (" << RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME
@@ -349,7 +380,7 @@
  * is not "green" if and only if the mode on at least one certificate in the DICE chain
  * is non-normal.
  */
-TEST(NonParameterizedTests, unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonnormalRkpVmDiceChain) {
+TEST(NonParameterizedTests, unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonNormalRkpVmDiceChain) {
     if (!AServiceManager_isDeclared(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME.c_str())) {
         GTEST_SKIP() << "The RKP VM (" << RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME << ") is not present on this device.";
     }
@@ -363,32 +394,31 @@
         GTEST_SKIP() << "The RKP VM is not supported on this system.";
     }
 
-    auto challenge = randomBytes(MAX_CHALLENGE_SIZE);
-    bytevec csr;
-    auto rkpVmStatus = rpc->generateCertificateRequestV2({} /* keysToSign */, challenge, &csr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(rkpVmStatus.isOk()) << status.getDescription();
+    unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonNormalDiceChain(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME, rpc);
+}
 
-    auto isProper = isCsrWithProperDiceChain(csr, RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(isProper) << isProper.message();
-    if (!*isProper) {
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping test: Only a proper DICE chain has a mode set.";
+/**
+ * If trusty.security_vm.keymint.enabled is set to "true", then do the following.
+ *
+ * Check that ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state is not "locked" or ro.boot.verifiedbootstate
+ * is not "green" if and only if the mode on at least one certificate in the DICE chain
+ * is non-normal.
+ */
+TEST(NonParameterizedTests, unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonNormalKeyMintInAVmDiceChain) {
+    if (::android::base::GetBoolProperty("trusty.security_vm.keymint.enabled", false)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "The KeyMint (" << DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME
+                     << ") instance is not inside a VM.";
     }
 
-    auto nonNormalMode = hasNonNormalModeInDiceChain(csr, RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(nonNormalMode) << nonNormalMode.message();
+    auto rpc = getHandle<IRemotelyProvisionedComponent>(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    ASSERT_NE(rpc, nullptr) << "The KeyMint (" << DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME
+                            << ") instance RPC is unavailable.";
 
-    auto deviceState = ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state", "");
-    auto verifiedBootState = ::android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.verifiedbootstate", "");
+    RpcHardwareInfo hardwareInfo;
+    auto status = rpc->getHardwareInfo(&hardwareInfo);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(status.isOk()) << status.getDescription();
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(!deviceState.empty());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(!verifiedBootState.empty());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(deviceState != "locked" || verifiedBootState != "green", *nonNormalMode)
-            << "ro.boot.vbmeta.device_state = '" << deviceState
-            << "' and ro.boot.verifiedbootstate = '" << verifiedBootState << "', but the DICE "
-            << " chain has a " << (*nonNormalMode ? "non-normal" : "normal") << " DICE mode."
-            << " Locked devices must report normal, and unlocked devices must report "
-            << " non-normal.";
+    unlockedBootloaderStatesImpliesNonNormalDiceChain(DEFAULT_INSTANCE_NAME, rpc);
 }
 
 using GetHardwareInfoTests = VtsRemotelyProvisionedComponentTests;
diff --git a/sensors/OWNERS b/sensors/OWNERS
index 5017a9a..b647f3b 100644
--- a/sensors/OWNERS
+++ b/sensors/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 # Bug component: 62965
-
-bduddie@google.com
+include platform/frameworks/native:/services/sensorservice/OWNERS
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/usb/OWNERS b/usb/OWNERS
index 647d626..0c73782 100644
--- a/usb/OWNERS
+++ b/usb/OWNERS
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Bug component: 175220
 
-anothermark@google.com
+vmartensson@google.com
+nkapron@google.com
 febinthattil@google.com
-aprasath@google.com
+shubhankarm@google.com
 albertccwang@google.com
-badhri@google.com
-kumarashishg@google.com
\ No newline at end of file
+badhri@google.com
\ No newline at end of file