diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index fa68c4e..f2598a7 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@
     defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp"],
     static_libs: ["android.hardware.biometrics.face@1.0"],
-    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
+    test_suites: ["general-tests", "vts-core"],
 }
 
diff --git a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp
index d3d7387..ff3d282 100644
--- a/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/biometrics/face/1.0/vts/functional/VtsHalBiometricsFaceV1_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -20,9 +20,10 @@
 #include <android/hardware/biometrics/face/1.0/IBiometricsFaceClientCallback.h>
 
 #include <VtsHalHidlTargetCallbackBase.h>
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase.h>
-#include <VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
+#include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
@@ -114,27 +115,11 @@
     }
 };
 
-// Test environment for the BiometricsFace HAL.
-class FaceHidlEnvironment : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestEnvBase {
-  public:
-    // Get the test environment singleton.
-    static FaceHidlEnvironment* Instance() {
-        static FaceHidlEnvironment* instance = new FaceHidlEnvironment;
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    void registerTestServices() override { registerTestService<IBiometricsFace>(); }
-
-  private:
-    FaceHidlEnvironment() = default;
-};
-
 // Test class for the BiometricsFace HAL.
-class FaceHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
+class FaceHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   public:
     void SetUp() override {
-        mService = ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase::getService<IBiometricsFace>(
-                FaceHidlEnvironment::Instance()->getServiceName<IBiometricsFace>());
+        mService = IBiometricsFace::getService(GetParam());
         ASSERT_NE(mService, nullptr);
         mCallback = new FaceCallback();
         mCallback->SetWaitTimeoutDefault(kTimeout);
@@ -157,7 +142,7 @@
 
 // generateChallenge should always return a unique, cryptographically secure,
 // non-zero number.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, GenerateChallengeTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, GenerateChallengeTest) {
     std::map<uint64_t, int> m;
     for (int i = 0; i < kGenerateChallengeIterations; ++i) {
         Return<void> ret =
@@ -172,7 +157,7 @@
 }
 
 // enroll with an invalid (all zeroes) HAT should fail.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, EnrollZeroHatTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, EnrollZeroHatTest) {
     // Filling HAT with zeros
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> token(69);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < 69; i++) {
@@ -189,7 +174,7 @@
 }
 
 // enroll with an invalid HAT should fail.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, EnrollGarbageHatTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, EnrollGarbageHatTest) {
     // Filling HAT with pseudorandom invalid data.
     // Using default seed to make the test reproducible.
     std::mt19937 gen(std::mt19937::default_seed);
@@ -209,7 +194,7 @@
 }
 
 // setFeature with an invalid (all zeros) HAT should fail.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, SetFeatureZeroHatTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, SetFeatureZeroHatTest) {
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> token(69);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < 69; i++) {
         token[i] = 0;
@@ -220,7 +205,7 @@
 }
 
 // setFeature with an invalid HAT should fail.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, SetFeatureGarbageHatTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, SetFeatureGarbageHatTest) {
     // Filling HAT with pseudorandom invalid data.
     // Using default seed to make the test reproducible.
     std::mt19937 gen(std::mt19937::default_seed);
@@ -242,16 +227,16 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(res.isOk());
 }
 
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, GetFeatureRequireAttentionTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, GetFeatureRequireAttentionTest) {
     assertGetFeatureFails(mService, 0 /* faceId */, Feature::REQUIRE_ATTENTION);
 }
 
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, GetFeatureRequireDiversityTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, GetFeatureRequireDiversityTest) {
     assertGetFeatureFails(mService, 0 /* faceId */, Feature::REQUIRE_DIVERSITY);
 }
 
 // revokeChallenge should always return within the timeout
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, RevokeChallengeTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, RevokeChallengeTest) {
     auto start = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
     Return<Status> ret = mService->revokeChallenge();
     auto elapsed = std::chrono::system_clock::now() - start;
@@ -260,14 +245,14 @@
 }
 
 // The call to getAuthenticatorId should succeed.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, GetAuthenticatorIdTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, GetAuthenticatorIdTest) {
     Return<void> ret = mService->getAuthenticatorId(
             [](const OptionalUint64& res) { ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, res.status); });
     ASSERT_TRUE(ret.isOk());
 }
 
 // The call to enumerate should succeed.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, EnumerateTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, EnumerateTest) {
     Return<Status> ret = mService->enumerate();
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
     auto res = mCallback->WaitForCallback(kCallbackNameOnEnumerate);
@@ -275,21 +260,21 @@
 }
 
 // The call to remove should succeed for any faceId
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, RemoveFaceTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, RemoveFaceTest) {
     // Remove a face
     Return<Status> ret = mService->remove(kFaceId);
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
 }
 
 // Remove should accept 0 to delete all faces
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, RemoveAllFacesTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, RemoveAllFacesTest) {
     // Remove all faces
     Return<Status> ret = mService->remove(0);
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
 }
 
 // Active user should successfully set to a writable location.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, SetActiveUserTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, SetActiveUserTest) {
     // Create an active user
     Return<Status> ret = mService->setActiveUser(2, kFacedataDir);
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
@@ -300,7 +285,7 @@
 }
 
 // Active user should fail to set to an unwritable location.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, SetActiveUserUnwritableTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, SetActiveUserUnwritableTest) {
     // Create an active user to an unwritable location (device root dir)
     Return<Status> ret = mService->setActiveUser(3, "/");
     ASSERT_NE(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
@@ -311,7 +296,7 @@
 }
 
 // Active user should fail to set to a null location.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, SetActiveUserNullTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, SetActiveUserNullTest) {
     // Create an active user to a null location.
     Return<Status> ret = mService->setActiveUser(4, nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
@@ -323,7 +308,7 @@
 
 // Cancel should always return CANCELED from any starting state including
 // the IDLE state.
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, CancelTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, CancelTest) {
     Return<Status> ret = mService->cancel();
     // check that we were able to make an IPC request successfully
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
@@ -333,7 +318,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(FaceError::CANCELED, res.args->error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(FaceHidlTest, OnLockoutChangedTest) {
+TEST_P(FaceHidlTest, OnLockoutChangedTest) {
     // Update active user and ensure onLockoutChanged was called.
     Return<Status> ret = mService->setActiveUser(kUserId + 1, kFacedataDir);
     ASSERT_EQ(Status::OK, static_cast<Status>(ret));
@@ -345,11 +330,7 @@
 
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(FaceHidlEnvironment::Instance());
-    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
-    FaceHidlEnvironment::Instance()->init(&argc, argv);
-    int status = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
-    LOG(INFO) << "Test result = " << status;
-    return status;
-}
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, FaceHidlTest,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::hardware::getAllHalInstanceNames(IBiometricsFace::descriptor)),
+        android::hardware::PrintInstanceNameToString);