diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Android.bp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Android.bp
index ed2ecbb..9980ae0 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@
     vendor: true,
     relative_install_path: "hw",
     srcs: ["passthrough.cpp"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-passthrough",
-    ],
     header_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-hal",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-passthrough",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
@@ -20,6 +17,7 @@
         "liblog",
         "libutils",
     ],
+    cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"AllocatorHal\""],
 }
 
 cc_binary {
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/hal/include/allocator-hal/2.0/Allocator.h b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/hal/include/allocator-hal/2.0/Allocator.h
index 2f3022e..8ca8200 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/hal/include/allocator-hal/2.0/Allocator.h
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/hal/include/allocator-hal/2.0/Allocator.h
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
 
 namespace detail {
 
-// AllocatorImpl implements IAllocator on top of AllocatorHal
-template <typename IALLOCATOR, typename ALLOCATOR_HAL>
-class AllocatorImpl : public IALLOCATOR {
+// AllocatorImpl implements V2_*::IAllocator on top of V2_*::hal::AllocatorHal
+template <typename Interface, typename Hal>
+class AllocatorImpl : public Interface {
    public:
-    bool init(std::unique_ptr<ALLOCATOR_HAL> hal) {
+    bool init(std::unique_ptr<Hal> hal) {
         mHal = std::move(hal);
         return true;
     }
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
     }
 
    protected:
-    std::unique_ptr<ALLOCATOR_HAL> mHal;
+    std::unique_ptr<Hal> mHal;
 };
 
 }  // namespace detail
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp
index b956565..95b92cf 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp
@@ -1,12 +1,7 @@
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library_headers {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-passthrough",
     defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
     vendor: true,
-    srcs: [
-        "Gralloc0Hal.cpp",
-        "Gralloc1Hal.cpp",
-        "GrallocLoader.cpp",
-    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
@@ -19,11 +14,11 @@
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-hal",
-        "libgrallocmapperincludes",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-passthrough_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0-hal",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-passthrough_headers",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-    cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"AllocatorHal\""],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Gralloc0Hal.cpp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Gralloc0Hal.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8edb7dc..0000000
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Gralloc0Hal.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h>
-
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <GrallocBufferDescriptor.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace allocator {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace passthrough {
-
-using mapper::V2_0::implementation::grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor;
-
-Gralloc0Hal::~Gralloc0Hal() {
-    if (mDevice) {
-        gralloc_close(mDevice);
-    }
-}
-
-bool Gralloc0Hal::initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module) {
-    int result = gralloc_open(module, &mDevice);
-    if (result) {
-        ALOGE("failed to open gralloc0 device: %s", strerror(-result));
-        mDevice = nullptr;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-std::string Gralloc0Hal::dumpDebugInfo() {
-    char buf[4096] = {};
-    if (mDevice->dump) {
-        mDevice->dump(mDevice, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
-    }
-
-    return buf;
-}
-
-Error Gralloc0Hal::allocateBuffers(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count,
-                                   uint32_t* outStride,
-                                   std::vector<const native_handle_t*>* outBuffers) {
-    mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo descriptorInfo;
-    if (!grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor(descriptor, &descriptorInfo)) {
-        return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
-    }
-
-    Error error = Error::NONE;
-    uint32_t stride = 0;
-    std::vector<const native_handle_t*> buffers;
-    buffers.reserve(count);
-
-    // allocate the buffers
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        const native_handle_t* tmpBuffer;
-        uint32_t tmpStride;
-        error = allocateOneBuffer(descriptorInfo, &tmpBuffer, &tmpStride);
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        buffers.push_back(tmpBuffer);
-
-        if (stride == 0) {
-            stride = tmpStride;
-        } else if (stride != tmpStride) {
-            // non-uniform strides
-            error = Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        freeBuffers(buffers);
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    *outStride = stride;
-    *outBuffers = std::move(buffers);
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-void Gralloc0Hal::freeBuffers(const std::vector<const native_handle_t*>& buffers) {
-    for (auto buffer : buffers) {
-        int result = mDevice->free(mDevice, buffer);
-        if (result != 0) {
-            ALOGE("failed to free buffer %p: %d", buffer, result);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-Error Gralloc0Hal::allocateOneBuffer(const mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& info,
-                                     const native_handle_t** outBuffer, uint32_t* outStride) {
-    if (info.layerCount > 1 || (info.usage >> 32) != 0) {
-        return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-
-    const native_handle_t* buffer = nullptr;
-    int stride = 0;
-    int result = mDevice->alloc(mDevice, info.width, info.height, static_cast<int>(info.format),
-                                info.usage, &buffer, &stride);
-    switch (result) {
-        case 0:
-            *outBuffer = buffer;
-            *outStride = stride;
-            return Error::NONE;
-        case -EINVAL:
-            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-        default:
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-    }
-}
-
-}  // namespace passthrough
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace allocator
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Gralloc1Hal.cpp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Gralloc1Hal.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e343ecd..0000000
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/Gralloc1Hal.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,323 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h>
-
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <GrallocBufferDescriptor.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace allocator {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace passthrough {
-
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
-using mapper::V2_0::implementation::grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor;
-
-Gralloc1Hal::~Gralloc1Hal() {
-    if (mDevice) {
-        gralloc1_close(mDevice);
-    }
-}
-
-bool Gralloc1Hal::initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module) {
-    int result = gralloc1_open(module, &mDevice);
-    if (result) {
-        ALOGE("failed to open gralloc1 device: %s", strerror(-result));
-        mDevice = nullptr;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    initCapabilities();
-    if (!initDispatch()) {
-        gralloc1_close(mDevice);
-        mDevice = nullptr;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void Gralloc1Hal::initCapabilities() {
-    uint32_t count = 0;
-    mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, nullptr);
-
-    std::vector<int32_t> capabilities(count);
-    mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, capabilities.data());
-    capabilities.resize(count);
-
-    for (auto capability : capabilities) {
-        if (capability == GRALLOC1_CAPABILITY_LAYERED_BUFFERS) {
-            mCapabilities.layeredBuffers = true;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-gralloc1_function_pointer_t Gralloc1Hal::getDispatchFunction(
-    gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc) const {
-    auto pfn = mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, desc);
-    if (!pfn) {
-        ALOGE("failed to get gralloc1 function %d", desc);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return pfn;
-}
-
-bool Gralloc1Hal::initDispatch() {
-    if (!initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_DUMP, &mDispatch.dump) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR, &mDispatch.createDescriptor) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_DESTROY_DESCRIPTOR, &mDispatch.destroyDescriptor) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_DIMENSIONS, &mDispatch.setDimensions) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_FORMAT, &mDispatch.setFormat) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_CONSUMER_USAGE, &mDispatch.setConsumerUsage) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_PRODUCER_USAGE, &mDispatch.setProducerUsage) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_GET_STRIDE, &mDispatch.getStride) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_ALLOCATE, &mDispatch.allocate) ||
-        !initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RELEASE, &mDispatch.release)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (mCapabilities.layeredBuffers) {
-        if (!initDispatchFunction(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_COUNT, &mDispatch.setLayerCount)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-std::string Gralloc1Hal::dumpDebugInfo() {
-    uint32_t len = 0;
-    mDispatch.dump(mDevice, &len, nullptr);
-
-    std::vector<char> buf(len + 1);
-    mDispatch.dump(mDevice, &len, buf.data());
-    buf.resize(len + 1);
-    buf[len] = '\0';
-
-    return buf.data();
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Hal::allocateBuffers(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count,
-                                   uint32_t* outStride,
-                                   std::vector<const native_handle_t*>* outBuffers) {
-    mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo descriptorInfo;
-    if (!grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor(descriptor, &descriptorInfo)) {
-        return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
-    }
-
-    gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t desc;
-    Error error = createDescriptor(descriptorInfo, &desc);
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    uint32_t stride = 0;
-    std::vector<const native_handle_t*> buffers;
-    buffers.reserve(count);
-
-    // allocate the buffers
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        const native_handle_t* tmpBuffer;
-        uint32_t tmpStride;
-        error = allocateOneBuffer(desc, &tmpBuffer, &tmpStride);
-        if (error != Error::NONE) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        buffers.push_back(tmpBuffer);
-
-        if (stride == 0) {
-            stride = tmpStride;
-        } else if (stride != tmpStride) {
-            // non-uniform strides
-            error = Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    mDispatch.destroyDescriptor(mDevice, desc);
-
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        freeBuffers(buffers);
-        return error;
-    }
-
-    *outStride = stride;
-    *outBuffers = std::move(buffers);
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-void Gralloc1Hal::freeBuffers(const std::vector<const native_handle_t*>& buffers) {
-    for (auto buffer : buffers) {
-        int32_t error = mDispatch.release(mDevice, buffer);
-        if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-            ALOGE("failed to free buffer %p: %d", buffer, error);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Hal::toError(int32_t error) {
-    switch (error) {
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE:
-            return Error::NONE;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_DESCRIPTOR:
-            return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_HANDLE:
-            return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_VALUE:
-            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NOT_SHARED:
-            return Error::NONE;  // this is fine
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES:
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNDEFINED:
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:
-        default:
-            return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-}
-
-uint64_t Gralloc1Hal::toProducerUsage(uint64_t usage) {
-    // this is potentially broken as we have no idea which private flags
-    // should be filtered out
-    uint64_t producerUsage =
-        usage & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK |
-                                       BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER);
-
-    switch (usage & BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK) {
-        case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_RARELY):
-            producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE;
-            break;
-        case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN):
-            producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-
-    switch (usage & BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK) {
-        case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_RARELY):
-            producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ;
-            break;
-        case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN):
-            producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-
-    // BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER is always filtered out
-
-    return producerUsage;
-}
-
-uint64_t Gralloc1Hal::toConsumerUsage(uint64_t usage) {
-    // this is potentially broken as we have no idea which private flags
-    // should be filtered out
-    uint64_t consumerUsage =
-        usage &
-        ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK |
-                               BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA | BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER);
-
-    switch (usage & BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK) {
-        case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_RARELY):
-            consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ;
-            break;
-        case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN):
-            consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
-
-    // BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA is always filtered out
-
-    if (usage & BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER) {
-        consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_GPU_DATA_BUFFER;
-    }
-
-    return consumerUsage;
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Hal::createDescriptor(const mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& info,
-                                    gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t* outDescriptor) {
-    gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t descriptor;
-
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.createDescriptor(mDevice, &descriptor);
-
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = mDispatch.setDimensions(mDevice, descriptor, info.width, info.height);
-    }
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = mDispatch.setFormat(mDevice, descriptor, static_cast<int32_t>(info.format));
-    }
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        if (mCapabilities.layeredBuffers) {
-            error = mDispatch.setLayerCount(mDevice, descriptor, info.layerCount);
-        } else if (info.layerCount > 1) {
-            error = GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
-        }
-    }
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = mDispatch.setProducerUsage(mDevice, descriptor, toProducerUsage(info.usage));
-    }
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        error = mDispatch.setConsumerUsage(mDevice, descriptor, toConsumerUsage(info.usage));
-    }
-
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        *outDescriptor = descriptor;
-    } else {
-        mDispatch.destroyDescriptor(mDevice, descriptor);
-    }
-
-    return toError(error);
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Hal::allocateOneBuffer(gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t descriptor,
-                                     const native_handle_t** outBuffer, uint32_t* outStride) {
-    const native_handle_t* buffer = nullptr;
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.allocate(mDevice, 1, &descriptor, &buffer);
-    if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NOT_SHARED) {
-        return toError(error);
-    }
-
-    uint32_t stride = 0;
-    error = mDispatch.getStride(mDevice, buffer, &stride);
-    if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNDEFINED) {
-        mDispatch.release(mDevice, buffer);
-        return toError(error);
-    }
-
-    *outBuffer = buffer;
-    *outStride = stride;
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-}  // namespace passthrough
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace allocator
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/GrallocLoader.cpp b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/GrallocLoader.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index dae7a78..0000000
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/GrallocLoader.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h>
-
-#include <allocator-hal/2.0/Allocator.h>
-#include <allocator-hal/2.0/AllocatorHal.h>
-#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h>
-#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h>
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-#include <hardware/hardware.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace allocator {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace passthrough {
-
-const hw_module_t* GrallocLoader::loadModule() {
-    const hw_module_t* module;
-    int error = hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module);
-    if (error) {
-        ALOGE("failed to get gralloc module");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return module;
-}
-
-int GrallocLoader::getModuleMajorApiVersion(const hw_module_t* module) {
-    return (module->module_api_version >> 8) & 0xff;
-}
-
-std::unique_ptr<hal::AllocatorHal> GrallocLoader::createHal(const hw_module_t* module) {
-    int major = getModuleMajorApiVersion(module);
-    switch (major) {
-        case 1: {
-            auto hal = std::make_unique<Gralloc1Hal>();
-            return hal->initWithModule(module) ? std::move(hal) : nullptr;
-        }
-        case 0: {
-            auto hal = std::make_unique<Gralloc0Hal>();
-            return hal->initWithModule(module) ? std::move(hal) : nullptr;
-        }
-        default:
-            ALOGE("unknown gralloc module major version %d", major);
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-}
-
-IAllocator* GrallocLoader::createAllocator(std::unique_ptr<hal::AllocatorHal> hal) {
-    auto allocator = std::make_unique<hal::Allocator>();
-    return allocator->init(std::move(hal)) ? allocator.release() : nullptr;
-}
-
-}  // namespace passthrough
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace allocator
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h
index 8f433b0..6c179be 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h
@@ -16,10 +16,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <allocator-hal/2.0/AllocatorHal.h>
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "Gralloc0Hal.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
 
-struct alloc_device_t;
-struct hw_module_t;
+#include <cstring>  // for strerror
+
+#include <allocator-hal/2.0/AllocatorHal.h>
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -28,28 +34,125 @@
 namespace V2_0 {
 namespace passthrough {
 
+namespace detail {
+
 using mapper::V2_0::BufferDescriptor;
 using mapper::V2_0::Error;
+using mapper::V2_0::passthrough::grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor;
 
-class Gralloc0Hal : public virtual hal::AllocatorHal {
+// Gralloc0HalImpl implements V2_*::hal::AllocatorHal on top of gralloc0
+template <typename Hal>
+class Gralloc0HalImpl : public Hal {
    public:
-    ~Gralloc0Hal();
-    bool initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module);
+    ~Gralloc0HalImpl() {
+        if (mDevice) {
+            gralloc_close(mDevice);
+        }
+    }
 
-    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
+    bool initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        int result = gralloc_open(module, &mDevice);
+        if (result) {
+            ALOGE("failed to open gralloc0 device: %s", strerror(-result));
+            mDevice = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override {
+        char buf[4096] = {};
+        if (mDevice->dump) {
+            mDevice->dump(mDevice, buf, sizeof(buf));
+            buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        return buf;
+    }
 
     Error allocateBuffers(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count, uint32_t* outStride,
-                          std::vector<const native_handle_t*>* outBuffers) override;
+                          std::vector<const native_handle_t*>* outBuffers) override {
+        mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo descriptorInfo;
+        if (!grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor(descriptor, &descriptorInfo)) {
+            return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
+        }
 
-    void freeBuffers(const std::vector<const native_handle_t*>& buffers) override;
+        Error error = Error::NONE;
+        uint32_t stride = 0;
+        std::vector<const native_handle_t*> buffers;
+        buffers.reserve(count);
+
+        // allocate the buffers
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const native_handle_t* tmpBuffer;
+            uint32_t tmpStride;
+            error = allocateOneBuffer(descriptorInfo, &tmpBuffer, &tmpStride);
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            buffers.push_back(tmpBuffer);
+
+            if (stride == 0) {
+                stride = tmpStride;
+            } else if (stride != tmpStride) {
+                // non-uniform strides
+                error = Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            freeBuffers(buffers);
+            return error;
+        }
+
+        *outStride = stride;
+        *outBuffers = std::move(buffers);
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    void freeBuffers(const std::vector<const native_handle_t*>& buffers) override {
+        for (auto buffer : buffers) {
+            int result = mDevice->free(mDevice, buffer);
+            if (result != 0) {
+                ALOGE("failed to free buffer %p: %d", buffer, result);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
    protected:
     Error allocateOneBuffer(const mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& info,
-                            const native_handle_t** outBuffer, uint32_t* outStride);
+                            const native_handle_t** outBuffer, uint32_t* outStride) {
+        if (info.layerCount > 1 || (info.usage >> 32) != 0) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        const native_handle_t* buffer = nullptr;
+        int stride = 0;
+        int result = mDevice->alloc(mDevice, info.width, info.height, static_cast<int>(info.format),
+                                    info.usage, &buffer, &stride);
+        switch (result) {
+            case 0:
+                *outBuffer = buffer;
+                *outStride = stride;
+                return Error::NONE;
+            case -EINVAL:
+                return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+            default:
+                return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+    }
 
     alloc_device_t* mDevice = nullptr;
 };
 
+}  // namespace detail
+
+using Gralloc0Hal = detail::Gralloc0HalImpl<hal::AllocatorHal>;
+
 }  // namespace passthrough
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace allocator
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h
index 3126e91..53b5c14 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h
@@ -16,8 +16,16 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "Gralloc1Hal.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
+#include <cstring>  // for strerror
+
 #include <allocator-hal/2.0/AllocatorHal.h>
 #include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -26,46 +34,302 @@
 namespace V2_0 {
 namespace passthrough {
 
+namespace detail {
+
+using common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
 using mapper::V2_0::BufferDescriptor;
 using mapper::V2_0::Error;
+using mapper::V2_0::passthrough::grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor;
 
-class Gralloc1Hal : public virtual hal::AllocatorHal {
+// Gralloc1HalImpl implements V2_*::hal::AllocatorHal on top of gralloc1
+template <typename Hal>
+class Gralloc1HalImpl : public Hal {
    public:
-    ~Gralloc1Hal();
-    bool initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module);
+    ~Gralloc1HalImpl() {
+        if (mDevice) {
+            gralloc1_close(mDevice);
+        }
+    }
 
-    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override;
+    bool initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        int result = gralloc1_open(module, &mDevice);
+        if (result) {
+            ALOGE("failed to open gralloc1 device: %s", strerror(-result));
+            mDevice = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        initCapabilities();
+        if (!initDispatch()) {
+            gralloc1_close(mDevice);
+            mDevice = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::string dumpDebugInfo() override {
+        uint32_t len = 0;
+        mDispatch.dump(mDevice, &len, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<char> buf(len + 1);
+        mDispatch.dump(mDevice, &len, buf.data());
+        buf.resize(len + 1);
+        buf[len] = '\0';
+
+        return buf.data();
+    }
 
     Error allocateBuffers(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count, uint32_t* outStride,
-                          std::vector<const native_handle_t*>* outBuffers) override;
+                          std::vector<const native_handle_t*>* outBuffers) override {
+        mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo descriptorInfo;
+        if (!grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor(descriptor, &descriptorInfo)) {
+            return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
+        }
 
-    void freeBuffers(const std::vector<const native_handle_t*>& buffers) override;
+        gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t desc;
+        Error error = createDescriptor(descriptorInfo, &desc);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            return error;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t stride = 0;
+        std::vector<const native_handle_t*> buffers;
+        buffers.reserve(count);
+
+        // allocate the buffers
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+            const native_handle_t* tmpBuffer;
+            uint32_t tmpStride;
+            error = allocateOneBuffer(desc, &tmpBuffer, &tmpStride);
+            if (error != Error::NONE) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            buffers.push_back(tmpBuffer);
+
+            if (stride == 0) {
+                stride = tmpStride;
+            } else if (stride != tmpStride) {
+                // non-uniform strides
+                error = Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        mDispatch.destroyDescriptor(mDevice, desc);
+
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            freeBuffers(buffers);
+            return error;
+        }
+
+        *outStride = stride;
+        *outBuffers = std::move(buffers);
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    void freeBuffers(const std::vector<const native_handle_t*>& buffers) override {
+        for (auto buffer : buffers) {
+            int32_t error = mDispatch.release(mDevice, buffer);
+            if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+                ALOGE("failed to free buffer %p: %d", buffer, error);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
    protected:
+    virtual void initCapabilities() {
+        uint32_t count = 0;
+        mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<int32_t> capabilities(count);
+        mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, capabilities.data());
+        capabilities.resize(count);
+
+        for (auto capability : capabilities) {
+            if (capability == GRALLOC1_CAPABILITY_LAYERED_BUFFERS) {
+                mCapabilities.layeredBuffers = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     template <typename T>
-    bool initDispatchFunction(gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc, T* outPfn) {
-        auto pfn = getDispatchFunction(desc);
+    bool initDispatch(gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc, T* outPfn) {
+        auto pfn = mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, desc);
         if (pfn) {
             *outPfn = reinterpret_cast<T>(pfn);
             return true;
         } else {
+            ALOGE("failed to get gralloc1 function %d", desc);
             return false;
         }
     }
-    gralloc1_function_pointer_t getDispatchFunction(gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc) const;
 
-    virtual void initCapabilities();
-    virtual bool initDispatch();
+    virtual bool initDispatch() {
+        if (!initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_DUMP, &mDispatch.dump) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_CREATE_DESCRIPTOR, &mDispatch.createDescriptor) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_DESTROY_DESCRIPTOR, &mDispatch.destroyDescriptor) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_DIMENSIONS, &mDispatch.setDimensions) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_FORMAT, &mDispatch.setFormat) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_CONSUMER_USAGE, &mDispatch.setConsumerUsage) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_PRODUCER_USAGE, &mDispatch.setProducerUsage) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_GET_STRIDE, &mDispatch.getStride) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_ALLOCATE, &mDispatch.allocate) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RELEASE, &mDispatch.release)) {
+            return false;
+        }
 
-    static Error toError(int32_t error);
-    static uint64_t toProducerUsage(uint64_t usage);
-    static uint64_t toConsumerUsage(uint64_t usage);
+        if (mCapabilities.layeredBuffers) {
+            if (!initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_SET_LAYER_COUNT, &mDispatch.setLayerCount)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static Error toError(int32_t error) {
+        switch (error) {
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE:
+                return Error::NONE;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_DESCRIPTOR:
+                return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_HANDLE:
+                return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_VALUE:
+                return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NOT_SHARED:
+                return Error::NONE;  // this is fine
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES:
+                return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNDEFINED:
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:
+            default:
+                return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t toProducerUsage(uint64_t usage) {
+        // this is potentially broken as we have no idea which private flags
+        // should be filtered out
+        uint64_t producerUsage = usage & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK |
+                                                                BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK |
+                                                                BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER);
+
+        switch (usage & BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK) {
+            case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_RARELY):
+                producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE;
+                break;
+            case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN):
+                producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        switch (usage & BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK) {
+            case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_RARELY):
+                producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ;
+                break;
+            case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN):
+                producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER is always filtered out
+
+        return producerUsage;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t toConsumerUsage(uint64_t usage) {
+        // this is potentially broken as we have no idea which private flags
+        // should be filtered out
+        uint64_t consumerUsage =
+            usage &
+            ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK |
+                                   BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA | BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER);
+
+        switch (usage & BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK) {
+            case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_RARELY):
+                consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ;
+                break;
+            case static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN):
+                consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA is always filtered out
+
+        if (usage & BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER) {
+            consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_GPU_DATA_BUFFER;
+        }
+
+        return consumerUsage;
+    }
 
     Error createDescriptor(const mapper::V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& info,
-                           gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t* outDescriptor);
+                           gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t* outDescriptor) {
+        gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t descriptor;
+
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.createDescriptor(mDevice, &descriptor);
+
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            error = mDispatch.setDimensions(mDevice, descriptor, info.width, info.height);
+        }
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            error = mDispatch.setFormat(mDevice, descriptor, static_cast<int32_t>(info.format));
+        }
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            if (mCapabilities.layeredBuffers) {
+                error = mDispatch.setLayerCount(mDevice, descriptor, info.layerCount);
+            } else if (info.layerCount > 1) {
+                error = GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED;
+            }
+        }
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            error = mDispatch.setProducerUsage(mDevice, descriptor, toProducerUsage(info.usage));
+        }
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            error = mDispatch.setConsumerUsage(mDevice, descriptor, toConsumerUsage(info.usage));
+        }
+
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            *outDescriptor = descriptor;
+        } else {
+            mDispatch.destroyDescriptor(mDevice, descriptor);
+        }
+
+        return toError(error);
+    }
 
     Error allocateOneBuffer(gralloc1_buffer_descriptor_t descriptor,
-                            const native_handle_t** outBuffer, uint32_t* outStride);
+                            const native_handle_t** outBuffer, uint32_t* outStride) {
+        const native_handle_t* buffer = nullptr;
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.allocate(mDevice, 1, &descriptor, &buffer);
+        if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NOT_SHARED) {
+            return toError(error);
+        }
+
+        uint32_t stride = 0;
+        error = mDispatch.getStride(mDevice, buffer, &stride);
+        if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNDEFINED) {
+            mDispatch.release(mDevice, buffer);
+            return toError(error);
+        }
+
+        *outBuffer = buffer;
+        *outStride = stride;
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
 
     gralloc1_device_t* mDevice = nullptr;
 
@@ -88,6 +352,10 @@
     } mDispatch = {};
 };
 
+}  // namespace detail
+
+using Gralloc1Hal = detail::Gralloc1HalImpl<hal::AllocatorHal>;
+
 }  // namespace passthrough
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace allocator
diff --git a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h
index a0b9503..660099b 100644
--- a/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h
+++ b/graphics/allocator/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/allocator-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h
@@ -16,11 +16,18 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "GrallocLoader.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
 #include <memory>
 
-#include <allocator-hal/2.0/AllocatorHal.h>
-
-struct hw_module_t;
+#include <allocator-hal/2.0/Allocator.h>
+#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h>
+#include <allocator-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h>
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <hardware/hardware.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -44,16 +51,45 @@
     }
 
     // load the gralloc module
-    static const hw_module_t* loadModule();
+    static const hw_module_t* loadModule() {
+        const hw_module_t* module;
+        int error = hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module);
+        if (error) {
+            ALOGE("failed to get gralloc module");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return module;
+    }
 
     // return the major api version of the module
-    static int getModuleMajorApiVersion(const hw_module_t* module);
+    static int getModuleMajorApiVersion(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        return (module->module_api_version >> 8) & 0xff;
+    }
 
     // create an AllocatorHal instance
-    static std::unique_ptr<hal::AllocatorHal> createHal(const hw_module_t* module);
+    static std::unique_ptr<hal::AllocatorHal> createHal(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        int major = getModuleMajorApiVersion(module);
+        switch (major) {
+            case 1: {
+                auto hal = std::make_unique<Gralloc1Hal>();
+                return hal->initWithModule(module) ? std::move(hal) : nullptr;
+            }
+            case 0: {
+                auto hal = std::make_unique<Gralloc0Hal>();
+                return hal->initWithModule(module) ? std::move(hal) : nullptr;
+            }
+            default:
+                ALOGE("unknown gralloc module major version %d", major);
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
 
     // create an IAllocator instance
-    static IAllocator* createAllocator(std::unique_ptr<hal::AllocatorHal> hal);
+    static IAllocator* createAllocator(std::unique_ptr<hal::AllocatorHal> hal) {
+        auto allocator = std::make_unique<hal::Allocator>();
+        return allocator->init(std::move(hal)) ? allocator.release() : nullptr;
+    }
 };
 
 }  // namespace passthrough
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Android.bp
index 677d966..8874799 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Android.bp
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
     defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
     vendor: true,
     relative_install_path: "hw",
-    srcs: ["GrallocMapper.cpp", "Gralloc0Mapper.cpp", "Gralloc1Mapper.cpp"],
-    cppflags: ["-Wall", "-Wextra"],
+    srcs: ["passthrough.cpp"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-passthrough"
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
         "libbase",
@@ -31,10 +33,5 @@
         "libsync",
         "libutils",
     ],
-}
-
-cc_library_headers {
-    name: "libgrallocmapperincludes",
-    vendor: true,
-    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+    cflags: ["-DLOG_TAG=\"MapperHal\""],
 }
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc0Mapper.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc0Mapper.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 28f5016..0000000
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc0Mapper.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "Gralloc0Mapper"
-
-#include "Gralloc0Mapper.h"
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace mapper {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-Gralloc0Mapper::Gralloc0Mapper(const hw_module_t* module)
-    : mModule(reinterpret_cast<const gralloc_module_t*>(module)),
-      mMinor(module->module_api_version & 0xff) {
-    mCapabilities.highUsageBits = false;
-    mCapabilities.layeredBuffers = false;
-    mCapabilities.unregisterImplyDelete = false;
-}
-
-Error Gralloc0Mapper::registerBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
-    int result = mModule->registerBuffer(mModule, bufferHandle);
-    return result ? Error::BAD_BUFFER : Error::NONE;
-}
-
-void Gralloc0Mapper::unregisterBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
-    mModule->unregisterBuffer(mModule, bufferHandle);
-}
-
-Error Gralloc0Mapper::lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                                 uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                                 const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                                 void** outData) {
-    int result;
-    void* data = nullptr;
-    if (mMinor >= 3 && mModule->lockAsync) {
-        // Dup fenceFd as it is going to be owned by gralloc.  Note that it is
-        // gralloc's responsibility to close it, even on locking errors.
-        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-            fenceFd = dup(fenceFd);
-            if (fenceFd < 0) {
-                return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-            }
-        }
-
-        result = mModule->lockAsync(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage,
-                                    accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top,
-                                    accessRegion.width, accessRegion.height,
-                                    &data, fenceFd);
-    } else {
-        waitFenceFd(fenceFd, "Gralloc0Mapper::lock");
-
-        result = mModule->lock(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage,
-                               accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top,
-                               accessRegion.width, accessRegion.height, &data);
-    }
-
-    if (result) {
-        return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-    } else {
-        *outData = data;
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-}
-
-Error Gralloc0Mapper::lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                                 uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                                 const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                                 YCbCrLayout* outLayout) {
-    int result;
-    android_ycbcr ycbcr = {};
-    if (mMinor >= 3 && mModule->lockAsync_ycbcr) {
-        // Dup fenceFd as it is going to be owned by gralloc.  Note that it is
-        // gralloc's responsibility to close it, even on locking errors.
-        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-            fenceFd = dup(fenceFd);
-            if (fenceFd < 0) {
-                return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-            }
-        }
-
-        result = mModule->lockAsync_ycbcr(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage,
-                                          accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top,
-                                          accessRegion.width,
-                                          accessRegion.height, &ycbcr, fenceFd);
-    } else {
-        waitFenceFd(fenceFd, "Gralloc0Mapper::lockYCbCr");
-
-        if (mModule->lock_ycbcr) {
-            result = mModule->lock_ycbcr(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage,
-                                         accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top,
-                                         accessRegion.width,
-                                         accessRegion.height, &ycbcr);
-        } else {
-            result = -EINVAL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (result) {
-        return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-    } else {
-        outLayout->y = ycbcr.y;
-        outLayout->cb = ycbcr.cb;
-        outLayout->cr = ycbcr.cr;
-        outLayout->yStride = ycbcr.ystride;
-        outLayout->cStride = ycbcr.cstride;
-        outLayout->chromaStep = ycbcr.chroma_step;
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-}
-
-Error Gralloc0Mapper::unlockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                                   int* outFenceFd) {
-    int result;
-    int fenceFd = -1;
-    if (mMinor >= 3 && mModule->unlockAsync) {
-        result = mModule->unlockAsync(mModule, bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
-    } else {
-        result = mModule->unlock(mModule, bufferHandle);
-    }
-
-    if (result) {
-        // we always own the fenceFd even when unlock failed
-        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-            close(fenceFd);
-        }
-
-        return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-    } else {
-        *outFenceFd = fenceFd;
-        return Error::NONE;
-    }
-}
-
-}  // namespace implementation
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace mapper
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc0Mapper.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc0Mapper.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e792a69..0000000
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc0Mapper.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC0MAPPER_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC0MAPPER_H
-
-#include "GrallocMapper.h"
-
-#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace mapper {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-class Gralloc0Mapper : public GrallocMapper {
-   public:
-    Gralloc0Mapper(const hw_module_t* module);
-
-   private:
-    Error registerBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) override;
-    void unregisterBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) override;
-    Error lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                     const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                     void** outData) override;
-    Error lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                     const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                     YCbCrLayout* outLayout) override;
-    Error unlockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, int* outFenceFd) override;
-
-    const gralloc_module_t* mModule;
-    uint8_t mMinor;
-};
-
-}  // namespace implementation
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace mapper
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC0MAPPER_H
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc1Mapper.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc1Mapper.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c1e5adc..0000000
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc1Mapper.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,273 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "Gralloc1Mapper"
-
-#include "Gralloc1Mapper.h"
-
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace mapper {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
-
-Gralloc1Mapper::Gralloc1Mapper(const hw_module_t* module)
-    : mDevice(nullptr), mDispatch() {
-    int result = gralloc1_open(module, &mDevice);
-    if (result) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to open gralloc1 device: %s",
-                         strerror(-result));
-    }
-
-    initCapabilities();
-    initDispatch();
-}
-
-Gralloc1Mapper::~Gralloc1Mapper() {
-    gralloc1_close(mDevice);
-}
-
-void Gralloc1Mapper::initCapabilities() {
-    mCapabilities.highUsageBits = true;
-    mCapabilities.layeredBuffers = false;
-    mCapabilities.unregisterImplyDelete = false;
-
-    uint32_t count = 0;
-    mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, nullptr);
-
-    std::vector<int32_t> capabilities(count);
-    mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, capabilities.data());
-    capabilities.resize(count);
-
-    for (auto capability : capabilities) {
-        switch (capability) {
-            case GRALLOC1_CAPABILITY_LAYERED_BUFFERS:
-                mCapabilities.layeredBuffers = true;
-                break;
-            case GRALLOC1_CAPABILITY_RELEASE_IMPLY_DELETE:
-                mCapabilities.unregisterImplyDelete = true;
-                break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-void Gralloc1Mapper::initDispatch(gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc,
-                                  T* outPfn) {
-    auto pfn = mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, desc);
-    if (!pfn) {
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("failed to get gralloc1 function %d", desc);
-    }
-
-    *outPfn = reinterpret_cast<T>(pfn);
-}
-
-void Gralloc1Mapper::initDispatch() {
-    initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RETAIN, &mDispatch.retain);
-    initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RELEASE, &mDispatch.release);
-    initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_GET_NUM_FLEX_PLANES,
-                 &mDispatch.getNumFlexPlanes);
-    initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_LOCK, &mDispatch.lock);
-    initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_LOCK_FLEX, &mDispatch.lockFlex);
-    initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_UNLOCK, &mDispatch.unlock);
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Mapper::toError(int32_t error) {
-    switch (error) {
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE:
-            return Error::NONE;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_DESCRIPTOR:
-            return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_HANDLE:
-            return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_VALUE:
-            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NOT_SHARED:
-            return Error::NONE;  // this is fine
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES:
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNDEFINED:
-        case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:
-        default:
-            return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
-    }
-}
-
-bool Gralloc1Mapper::toYCbCrLayout(const android_flex_layout& flex,
-                                   YCbCrLayout* outLayout) {
-    // must be YCbCr
-    if (flex.format != FLEX_FORMAT_YCbCr || flex.num_planes < 3) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
-        const auto& plane = flex.planes[i];
-        // must have 8-bit depth
-        if (plane.bits_per_component != 8 || plane.bits_used != 8) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (plane.component == FLEX_COMPONENT_Y) {
-            // Y must not be interleaved
-            if (plane.h_increment != 1) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Cb and Cr can be interleaved
-            if (plane.h_increment != 1 && plane.h_increment != 2) {
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (!plane.v_increment) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (flex.planes[0].component != FLEX_COMPONENT_Y ||
-        flex.planes[1].component != FLEX_COMPONENT_Cb ||
-        flex.planes[2].component != FLEX_COMPONENT_Cr) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const auto& y = flex.planes[0];
-    const auto& cb = flex.planes[1];
-    const auto& cr = flex.planes[2];
-
-    if (cb.h_increment != cr.h_increment || cb.v_increment != cr.v_increment) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    outLayout->y = y.top_left;
-    outLayout->cb = cb.top_left;
-    outLayout->cr = cr.top_left;
-    outLayout->yStride = y.v_increment;
-    outLayout->cStride = cb.v_increment;
-    outLayout->chromaStep = cb.h_increment;
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-gralloc1_rect_t Gralloc1Mapper::asGralloc1Rect(const IMapper::Rect& rect) {
-    return gralloc1_rect_t{rect.left, rect.top, rect.width, rect.height};
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Mapper::registerBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
-    return toError(mDispatch.retain(mDevice, bufferHandle));
-}
-
-void Gralloc1Mapper::unregisterBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
-    mDispatch.release(mDevice, bufferHandle);
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Mapper::lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                                 uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                                 const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                                 void** outData) {
-    // Dup fenceFd as it is going to be owned by gralloc.  Note that it is
-    // gralloc's responsibility to close it, even on locking errors.
-    if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-        fenceFd = dup(fenceFd);
-        if (fenceFd < 0) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const uint64_t consumerUsage =
-        cpuUsage & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK);
-    const auto accessRect = asGralloc1Rect(accessRegion);
-    void* data = nullptr;
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.lock(mDevice, bufferHandle, cpuUsage,
-                                   consumerUsage, &accessRect, &data, fenceFd);
-
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        *outData = data;
-    }
-
-    return toError(error);
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Mapper::lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                                 uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                                 const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                                 YCbCrLayout* outLayout) {
-    // prepare flex layout
-    android_flex_layout flex = {};
-    int32_t error =
-        mDispatch.getNumFlexPlanes(mDevice, bufferHandle, &flex.num_planes);
-    if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        return toError(error);
-    }
-    std::vector<android_flex_plane_t> flexPlanes(flex.num_planes);
-    flex.planes = flexPlanes.data();
-
-    // Dup fenceFd as it is going to be owned by gralloc.  Note that it is
-    // gralloc's responsibility to close it, even on locking errors.
-    if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-        fenceFd = dup(fenceFd);
-        if (fenceFd < 0) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
-    }
-
-    const uint64_t consumerUsage =
-        cpuUsage & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK);
-    const auto accessRect = asGralloc1Rect(accessRegion);
-    error = mDispatch.lockFlex(mDevice, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, consumerUsage,
-                               &accessRect, &flex, fenceFd);
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && !toYCbCrLayout(flex, outLayout)) {
-        ALOGD("unable to convert android_flex_layout to YCbCrLayout");
-
-        // undo the lock
-        fenceFd = -1;
-        mDispatch.unlock(mDevice, bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
-        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-            close(fenceFd);
-        }
-
-        error = GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_HANDLE;
-    }
-
-    return toError(error);
-}
-
-Error Gralloc1Mapper::unlockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                                   int* outFenceFd) {
-    int fenceFd = -1;
-    int32_t error = mDispatch.unlock(mDevice, bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
-
-    if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
-        *outFenceFd = fenceFd;
-    } else if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-        // we always own the fenceFd even when unlock failed
-        close(fenceFd);
-    }
-
-    return toError(error);
-}
-
-}  // namespace implementation
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace mapper
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc1Mapper.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc1Mapper.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 452afdf..0000000
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/Gralloc1Mapper.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC1MAPPER_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC1MAPPER_H
-
-#include "GrallocMapper.h"
-
-#include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace mapper {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-class Gralloc1Mapper : public GrallocMapper {
-   public:
-    Gralloc1Mapper(const hw_module_t* module);
-    ~Gralloc1Mapper();
-
-   private:
-    void initCapabilities();
-
-    template <typename T>
-    void initDispatch(gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc, T* outPfn);
-    void initDispatch();
-
-    static Error toError(int32_t error);
-    static bool toYCbCrLayout(const android_flex_layout& flex,
-                              YCbCrLayout* outLayout);
-    static gralloc1_rect_t asGralloc1Rect(const IMapper::Rect& rect);
-
-    Error registerBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) override;
-    void unregisterBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) override;
-    Error lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                     const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                     void** outData) override;
-    Error lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                     const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                     YCbCrLayout* outLayout) override;
-    Error unlockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, int* outFenceFd) override;
-
-    gralloc1_device_t* mDevice;
-
-    struct {
-        GRALLOC1_PFN_RETAIN retain;
-        GRALLOC1_PFN_RELEASE release;
-        GRALLOC1_PFN_GET_NUM_FLEX_PLANES getNumFlexPlanes;
-        GRALLOC1_PFN_LOCK lock;
-        GRALLOC1_PFN_LOCK_FLEX lockFlex;
-        GRALLOC1_PFN_UNLOCK unlock;
-    } mDispatch;
-};
-
-}  // namespace implementation
-}  // namespace V2_0
-}  // namespace mapper
-}  // namespace graphics
-}  // namespace hardware
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC1MAPPER_H
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d16143d..0000000
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,321 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "GrallocMapperPassthrough"
-
-#include "GrallocMapper.h"
-
-#include "Gralloc0Mapper.h"
-#include "Gralloc1Mapper.h"
-#include "GrallocBufferDescriptor.h"
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <sync/sync.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace mapper {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
-using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
-
-namespace {
-
-class RegisteredHandlePool {
-   public:
-    bool add(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-        return mHandles.insert(bufferHandle).second;
-    }
-
-    native_handle_t* pop(void* buffer) {
-        auto bufferHandle = static_cast<native_handle_t*>(buffer);
-
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-        return mHandles.erase(bufferHandle) == 1 ? bufferHandle : nullptr;
-    }
-
-    buffer_handle_t get(const void* buffer) {
-        auto bufferHandle = static_cast<buffer_handle_t>(buffer);
-
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
-        return mHandles.count(bufferHandle) == 1 ? bufferHandle : nullptr;
-    }
-
-   private:
-    std::mutex mMutex;
-    std::unordered_set<buffer_handle_t> mHandles;
-};
-
-// GraphicBufferMapper is expected to be valid (and leaked) during process
-// termination.  We need to make sure IMapper, and in turn, gRegisteredHandles
-// are valid as well.  Create the registered handle pool on the heap, and let
-// it leak for simplicity.
-//
-// However, there is no way to make sure gralloc0/gralloc1 are valid.  Any use
-// of static/global object in gralloc0/gralloc1 that may have been destructed
-// is potentially broken.
-RegisteredHandlePool* gRegisteredHandles = new RegisteredHandlePool;
-
-}  // anonymous namespace
-
-bool GrallocMapper::validateDescriptorInfo(
-    const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo) const {
-    const uint64_t validUsageBits =
-        BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK |
-        BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE | BufferUsage::GPU_RENDER_TARGET |
-        BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::COMPOSER_CLIENT_TARGET |
-        BufferUsage::PROTECTED | BufferUsage::COMPOSER_CURSOR |
-        BufferUsage::VIDEO_ENCODER | BufferUsage::CAMERA_OUTPUT |
-        BufferUsage::CAMERA_INPUT | BufferUsage::RENDERSCRIPT |
-        BufferUsage::VIDEO_DECODER | BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA |
-        BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER | BufferUsage::VENDOR_MASK |
-        (mCapabilities.highUsageBits ? BufferUsage::VENDOR_MASK_HI
-                                     : static_cast<BufferUsage>(0));
-
-    if (!descriptorInfo.width || !descriptorInfo.height ||
-        !descriptorInfo.layerCount) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!mCapabilities.layeredBuffers && descriptorInfo.layerCount > 1) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (descriptorInfo.format == static_cast<PixelFormat>(0)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (descriptorInfo.usage & ~validUsageBits) {
-        // could not fail as gralloc may use the reserved bits...
-        ALOGW("buffer descriptor with invalid usage bits 0x%" PRIx64,
-              descriptorInfo.usage & ~validUsageBits);
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-Return<void> GrallocMapper::createDescriptor(
-    const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo, createDescriptor_cb hidl_cb) {
-    if (validateDescriptorInfo(descriptorInfo)) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::NONE, grallocEncodeBufferDescriptor(descriptorInfo));
-    } else {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_VALUE, BufferDescriptor());
-    }
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> GrallocMapper::importBuffer(const hidl_handle& rawHandle,
-                                         importBuffer_cb hidl_cb) {
-    // because of passthrough HALs, we must not generate an error when
-    // rawHandle has been imported
-
-    if (!rawHandle.getNativeHandle()) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    native_handle_t* bufferHandle =
-        native_handle_clone(rawHandle.getNativeHandle());
-    if (!bufferHandle) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::NO_RESOURCES, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    Error error = registerBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    if (error != Error::NONE) {
-        native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
-        native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
-
-        hidl_cb(error, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    // The newly cloned handle is already registered?  This can only happen
-    // when a handle previously registered was native_handle_delete'd instead
-    // of freeBuffer'd.
-    if (!gRegisteredHandles->add(bufferHandle)) {
-        ALOGE("handle %p has already been imported; potential fd leaking",
-              bufferHandle);
-        unregisterBuffer(bufferHandle);
-        if (!mCapabilities.unregisterImplyDelete) {
-            native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
-            native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
-        }
-
-        hidl_cb(Error::NO_RESOURCES, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    hidl_cb(Error::NONE, bufferHandle);
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<Error> GrallocMapper::freeBuffer(void* buffer) {
-    native_handle_t* bufferHandle = gRegisteredHandles->pop(buffer);
-    if (!bufferHandle) {
-        return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
-    }
-
-    unregisterBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    if (!mCapabilities.unregisterImplyDelete) {
-        native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
-        native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
-    }
-
-    return Error::NONE;
-}
-
-void GrallocMapper::waitFenceFd(int fenceFd, const char* logname) {
-    if (fenceFd < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    const int warningTimeout = 3500;
-    const int error = sync_wait(fenceFd, warningTimeout);
-    if (error < 0 && errno == ETIME) {
-        ALOGE("%s: fence %d didn't signal in %u ms", logname, fenceFd,
-              warningTimeout);
-        sync_wait(fenceFd, -1);
-    }
-}
-
-bool GrallocMapper::getFenceFd(const hidl_handle& fenceHandle,
-                               int* outFenceFd) {
-    auto handle = fenceHandle.getNativeHandle();
-    if (handle && handle->numFds > 1) {
-        ALOGE("invalid fence handle with %d fds", handle->numFds);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    *outFenceFd = (handle && handle->numFds == 1) ? handle->data[0] : -1;
-    return true;
-}
-
-hidl_handle GrallocMapper::getFenceHandle(int fenceFd, char* handleStorage) {
-    native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
-    if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-        handle = native_handle_init(handleStorage, 1, 0);
-        handle->data[0] = fenceFd;
-    }
-
-    return hidl_handle(handle);
-}
-
-Return<void> GrallocMapper::lock(void* buffer, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                                 const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
-                                 const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
-                                 lock_cb hidl_cb) {
-    buffer_handle_t bufferHandle = gRegisteredHandles->get(buffer);
-    if (!bufferHandle) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    int fenceFd;
-    if (!getFenceFd(acquireFence, &fenceFd)) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_VALUE, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    void* data = nullptr;
-    Error error =
-        lockBuffer(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, fenceFd, &data);
-
-    hidl_cb(error, data);
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> GrallocMapper::lockYCbCr(void* buffer, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                                      const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
-                                      const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
-                                      lockYCbCr_cb hidl_cb) {
-    YCbCrLayout layout = {};
-
-    buffer_handle_t bufferHandle = gRegisteredHandles->get(buffer);
-    if (!bufferHandle) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, layout);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    int fenceFd;
-    if (!getFenceFd(acquireFence, &fenceFd)) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_VALUE, layout);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    Error error =
-        lockBuffer(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, fenceFd, &layout);
-
-    hidl_cb(error, layout);
-    return Void();
-}
-
-Return<void> GrallocMapper::unlock(void* buffer, unlock_cb hidl_cb) {
-    buffer_handle_t bufferHandle = gRegisteredHandles->get(buffer);
-    if (!bufferHandle) {
-        hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, nullptr);
-        return Void();
-    }
-
-    int fenceFd;
-    Error error = unlockBuffer(bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
-    if (error == Error::NONE) {
-        NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(fenceStorage, 1, 0);
-
-        hidl_cb(error, getFenceHandle(fenceFd, fenceStorage));
-
-        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
-            close(fenceFd);
-        }
-    } else {
-        hidl_cb(error, nullptr);
-    }
-
-    return Void();
-}
-
-IMapper* HIDL_FETCH_IMapper(const char* /* name */) {
-    const hw_module_t* module = nullptr;
-    int err = hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module);
-    if (err) {
-        ALOGE("failed to get gralloc module");
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    uint8_t major = (module->module_api_version >> 8) & 0xff;
-    switch (major) {
-        case 1:
-            return new Gralloc1Mapper(module);
-        case 0:
-            return new Gralloc0Mapper(module);
-        default:
-            ALOGE("unknown gralloc module major version %d", major);
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace implementation
-} // namespace V2_0
-} // namespace mapper
-} // namespace graphics
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e876fe4..0000000
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocMapper.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC_MAPPER_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC_MAPPER_H
-
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
-#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
-
-#include <mutex>
-#include <unordered_set>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace hardware {
-namespace graphics {
-namespace mapper {
-namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
-
-class GrallocMapper : public IMapper {
-   public:
-    // IMapper interface
-    Return<void> createDescriptor(const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
-                                  createDescriptor_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> importBuffer(const hidl_handle& rawHandle,
-                              importBuffer_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<Error> freeBuffer(void* buffer) override;
-    Return<void> lock(void* buffer, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                      const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
-                      const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
-                      lock_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> lockYCbCr(void* buffer, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                           const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
-                           const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
-                           lockYCbCr_cb hidl_cb) override;
-    Return<void> unlock(void* buffer, unlock_cb hidl_cb) override;
-
-   protected:
-    static void waitFenceFd(int fenceFd, const char* logname);
-
-    struct {
-        bool highUsageBits;
-        bool layeredBuffers;
-        bool unregisterImplyDelete;
-    } mCapabilities = {};
-
-   private:
-    virtual bool validateDescriptorInfo(
-        const BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo) const;
-
-    // Register a buffer.  The handle is already cloned by the caller.
-    virtual Error registerBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) = 0;
-
-    // Unregister a buffer.  The handle is closed and deleted by the
-    // callee if and only if mCapabilities.unregisterImplyDelete is set.
-    virtual void unregisterBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle) = 0;
-
-    // Lock a buffer.  The fence is owned by the caller.
-    virtual Error lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                             const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                             void** outData) = 0;
-    virtual Error lockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                             const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int fenceFd,
-                             YCbCrLayout* outLayout) = 0;
-
-    // Unlock a buffer.  The returned fence is owned by the caller.
-    virtual Error unlockBuffer(buffer_handle_t bufferHandle,
-                               int* outFenceFd) = 0;
-
-    static bool getFenceFd(const hidl_handle& fenceHandle, int* outFenceFd);
-    static hidl_handle getFenceHandle(int fenceFd, char* handleStorage);
-};
-
-extern "C" IMapper* HIDL_FETCH_IMapper(const char* name);
-
-} // namespace implementation
-} // namespace V2_0
-} // namespace mapper
-} // namespace graphics
-} // namespace hardware
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOC_MAPPER_H
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/passthrough.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/passthrough.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e18b88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/passthrough.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h>
+
+using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper;
+using android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::passthrough::GrallocLoader;
+
+extern "C" IMapper* HIDL_FETCH_IMapper(const char* /*name*/) {
+    return GrallocLoader::load();
+}
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/OWNERS b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3aa5fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Graphics team
+jessehall@google.com
+olv@google.com
+stoza@google.com
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5610a69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-hal",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    vendor: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/include/mapper-hal/2.0/Mapper.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/include/mapper-hal/2.0/Mapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ad2a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/include/mapper-hal/2.0/Mapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "Mapper.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mapper-hal/2.0/MapperHal.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace hal {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// MapperImpl implements V2_*::IMapper on top of V2_*::hal::MapperHal
+template <typename Interface, typename Hal>
+class MapperImpl : public Interface {
+   public:
+    bool init(std::unique_ptr<Hal> hal) {
+        mHal = std::move(hal);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // IMapper 2.0 interface
+
+    Return<void> createDescriptor(const V2_0::IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                                  IMapper::createDescriptor_cb hidl_cb) override {
+        BufferDescriptor descriptor;
+        Error error = mHal->createDescriptor(descriptorInfo, &descriptor);
+        hidl_cb(error, descriptor);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> importBuffer(const hidl_handle& rawHandle,
+                              IMapper::importBuffer_cb hidl_cb) override {
+        if (!rawHandle.getNativeHandle()) {
+            hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        native_handle_t* bufferHandle = nullptr;
+        Error error = mHal->importBuffer(rawHandle.getNativeHandle(), &bufferHandle);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            hidl_cb(error, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        void* buffer = addImportedBuffer(bufferHandle);
+        if (!buffer) {
+            mHal->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
+            hidl_cb(Error::NO_RESOURCES, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        hidl_cb(error, buffer);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<Error> freeBuffer(void* buffer) override {
+        native_handle_t* bufferHandle = removeImportedBuffer(buffer);
+        if (!bufferHandle) {
+            return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
+        }
+
+        return mHal->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
+    }
+
+    Return<void> lock(void* buffer, uint64_t cpuUsage, const V2_0::IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
+                      const hidl_handle& acquireFence, IMapper::lock_cb hidl_cb) override {
+        const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = getImportedBuffer(buffer);
+        if (!bufferHandle) {
+            hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        base::unique_fd fenceFd;
+        Error error = getFenceFd(acquireFence, &fenceFd);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            hidl_cb(error, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        void* data = nullptr;
+        error = mHal->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, std::move(fenceFd), &data);
+        hidl_cb(error, data);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> lockYCbCr(void* buffer, uint64_t cpuUsage, const V2_0::IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
+                           const hidl_handle& acquireFence,
+                           IMapper::lockYCbCr_cb hidl_cb) override {
+        const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = getImportedBuffer(buffer);
+        if (!bufferHandle) {
+            hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, YCbCrLayout{});
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        base::unique_fd fenceFd;
+        Error error = getFenceFd(acquireFence, &fenceFd);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            hidl_cb(error, YCbCrLayout{});
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        YCbCrLayout layout{};
+        error = mHal->lockYCbCr(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, std::move(fenceFd), &layout);
+        hidl_cb(error, layout);
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+    Return<void> unlock(void* buffer, IMapper::unlock_cb hidl_cb) override {
+        const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = getImportedBuffer(buffer);
+        if (!bufferHandle) {
+            hidl_cb(Error::BAD_BUFFER, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        base::unique_fd fenceFd;
+        Error error = mHal->unlock(bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
+        if (error != Error::NONE) {
+            hidl_cb(error, nullptr);
+            return Void();
+        }
+
+        NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(fenceStorage, 1, 0);
+        hidl_cb(error, getFenceHandle(fenceFd, fenceStorage));
+        return Void();
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    // these functions can be overriden to do true imported buffer management
+    virtual void* addImportedBuffer(native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
+        return static_cast<void*>(bufferHandle);
+    }
+
+    virtual native_handle_t* removeImportedBuffer(void* buffer) {
+        return static_cast<native_handle_t*>(buffer);
+    }
+
+    virtual const native_handle_t* getImportedBuffer(void* buffer) const {
+        return static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(buffer);
+    }
+
+    // convert fenceFd to or from hidl_handle
+    static Error getFenceFd(const hidl_handle& fenceHandle, base::unique_fd* outFenceFd) {
+        auto handle = fenceHandle.getNativeHandle();
+        if (handle && handle->numFds > 1) {
+            ALOGE("invalid fence handle with %d fds", handle->numFds);
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        int fenceFd = (handle && handle->numFds == 1) ? handle->data[0] : -1;
+        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
+            fenceFd = dup(fenceFd);
+            if (fenceFd < 0) {
+                return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+            }
+        }
+
+        outFenceFd->reset(fenceFd);
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    static hidl_handle getFenceHandle(const base::unique_fd& fenceFd, char* handleStorage) {
+        native_handle_t* handle = nullptr;
+        if (fenceFd >= 0) {
+            handle = native_handle_init(handleStorage, 1, 0);
+            handle->data[0] = fenceFd;
+        }
+
+        return hidl_handle(handle);
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<Hal> mHal;
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+using Mapper = detail::MapperImpl<IMapper, MapperHal>;
+
+}  // namespace hal
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/include/mapper-hal/2.0/MapperHal.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/include/mapper-hal/2.0/MapperHal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab2e5cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/hal/include/mapper-hal/2.0/MapperHal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace hal {
+
+class MapperHal {
+   public:
+    virtual ~MapperHal() = default;
+
+    // create a BufferDescriptor
+    virtual Error createDescriptor(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                                   BufferDescriptor* outDescriptor) = 0;
+
+    // import a raw handle owned by the caller
+    virtual Error importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle,
+                               native_handle_t** outBufferHandle) = 0;
+
+    // free an imported buffer handle
+    virtual Error freeBuffer(native_handle_t* bufferHandle) = 0;
+
+    // lock a buffer
+    virtual Error lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                       const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, base::unique_fd fenceFd,
+                       void** outData) = 0;
+
+    // lock a YCbCr buffer
+    virtual Error lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                            const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, base::unique_fd fenceFd,
+                            YCbCrLayout* outLayout) = 0;
+
+    // unlock a buffer
+    virtual Error unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, base::unique_fd* outFenceFd) = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace hal
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f700c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-passthrough",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    vendor: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libsync",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libsync",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-hal",
+    ],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-hal",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-passthrough_headers",
+    vendor: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7369ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "Gralloc0Hal.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mapper-hal/2.0/MapperHal.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h>
+#include <sync/sync.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace passthrough {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+using common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
+
+// Gralloc0HalImpl implements V2_*::hal::MapperHal on top of gralloc0
+template <typename Hal>
+class Gralloc0HalImpl : public Hal {
+   public:
+    bool initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        mModule = reinterpret_cast<const gralloc_module_t*>(module);
+        mMinor = module->module_api_version & 0xff;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Error createDescriptor(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                           BufferDescriptor* outDescriptor) override {
+        if (!descriptorInfo.width || !descriptorInfo.height || !descriptorInfo.layerCount) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        if (descriptorInfo.layerCount != 1) {
+            return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+
+        if (descriptorInfo.format == static_cast<PixelFormat>(0)) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        const uint64_t validUsageBits = getValidBufferUsageMask();
+        if (descriptorInfo.usage & ~validUsageBits) {
+            ALOGW("buffer descriptor with invalid usage bits 0x%" PRIx64,
+                  descriptorInfo.usage & ~validUsageBits);
+        }
+
+        *outDescriptor = grallocEncodeBufferDescriptor(descriptorInfo);
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle,
+                       native_handle_t** outBufferHandle) override {
+        native_handle_t* bufferHandle = native_handle_clone(rawHandle);
+        if (!bufferHandle) {
+            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+
+        if (mModule->registerBuffer(mModule, bufferHandle)) {
+            native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
+            native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
+            return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
+        }
+
+        *outBufferHandle = bufferHandle;
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error freeBuffer(native_handle_t* bufferHandle) override {
+        if (mModule->unregisterBuffer(mModule, bufferHandle)) {
+            return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
+        }
+
+        native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
+        native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+               const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, base::unique_fd fenceFd,
+               void** outData) override {
+        int result;
+        void* data = nullptr;
+        if (mMinor >= 3 && mModule->lockAsync) {
+            result = mModule->lockAsync(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion.left,
+                                        accessRegion.top, accessRegion.width, accessRegion.height,
+                                        &data, fenceFd.release());
+        } else {
+            waitFenceFd(fenceFd, "Gralloc0Hal::lock");
+
+            result =
+                mModule->lock(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion.left, accessRegion.top,
+                              accessRegion.width, accessRegion.height, &data);
+        }
+
+        if (result) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        *outData = data;
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                    const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, base::unique_fd fenceFd,
+                    YCbCrLayout* outLayout) override {
+        int result;
+        android_ycbcr ycbcr = {};
+        if (mMinor >= 3 && mModule->lockAsync_ycbcr) {
+            result = mModule->lockAsync_ycbcr(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion.left,
+                                              accessRegion.top, accessRegion.width,
+                                              accessRegion.height, &ycbcr, fenceFd.release());
+        } else {
+            waitFenceFd(fenceFd, "Gralloc0Hal::lockYCbCr");
+
+            if (mModule->lock_ycbcr) {
+                result = mModule->lock_ycbcr(mModule, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion.left,
+                                             accessRegion.top, accessRegion.width,
+                                             accessRegion.height, &ycbcr);
+            } else {
+                result = -EINVAL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (result) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        outLayout->y = ycbcr.y;
+        outLayout->cb = ycbcr.cb;
+        outLayout->cr = ycbcr.cr;
+        outLayout->yStride = ycbcr.ystride;
+        outLayout->cStride = ycbcr.cstride;
+        outLayout->chromaStep = ycbcr.chroma_step;
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, base::unique_fd* outFenceFd) override {
+        int result;
+        int fenceFd = -1;
+        if (mMinor >= 3 && mModule->unlockAsync) {
+            result = mModule->unlockAsync(mModule, bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
+        } else {
+            result = mModule->unlock(mModule, bufferHandle);
+        }
+
+        // we always own the fenceFd even when unlock failed
+        outFenceFd->reset(fenceFd);
+        return result ? Error::BAD_VALUE : Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    virtual uint64_t getValidBufferUsageMask() const {
+        return BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE |
+               BufferUsage::GPU_RENDER_TARGET | BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY |
+               BufferUsage::COMPOSER_CLIENT_TARGET | BufferUsage::PROTECTED |
+               BufferUsage::COMPOSER_CURSOR | BufferUsage::VIDEO_ENCODER |
+               BufferUsage::CAMERA_OUTPUT | BufferUsage::CAMERA_INPUT | BufferUsage::RENDERSCRIPT |
+               BufferUsage::VIDEO_DECODER | BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA |
+               BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER | BufferUsage::VENDOR_MASK;
+    }
+
+    static void waitFenceFd(const base::unique_fd& fenceFd, const char* logname) {
+        if (fenceFd < 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const int warningTimeout = 3500;
+        const int error = sync_wait(fenceFd, warningTimeout);
+        if (error < 0 && errno == ETIME) {
+            ALOGE("%s: fence %d didn't signal in %u ms", logname, fenceFd.get(), warningTimeout);
+            sync_wait(fenceFd, -1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const gralloc_module_t* mModule = nullptr;
+    uint8_t mMinor = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+using Gralloc0Hal = detail::Gralloc0HalImpl<hal::MapperHal>;
+
+}  // namespace passthrough
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9beb4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "Gralloc1Hal.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mapper-hal/2.0/MapperHal.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace passthrough {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+using common::V1_0::BufferUsage;
+
+// Gralloc1HalImpl implements V2_*::hal::MapperHal on top of gralloc1
+template <typename Hal>
+class Gralloc1HalImpl : public Hal {
+   public:
+    ~Gralloc1HalImpl() {
+        if (mDevice) {
+            gralloc1_close(mDevice);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool initWithModule(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        int result = gralloc1_open(module, &mDevice);
+        if (result) {
+            ALOGE("failed to open gralloc1 device: %s", strerror(-result));
+            mDevice = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        initCapabilities();
+
+        if (!initDispatch()) {
+            gralloc1_close(mDevice);
+            mDevice = nullptr;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Error createDescriptor(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                           BufferDescriptor* outDescriptor) override {
+        if (!descriptorInfo.width || !descriptorInfo.height || !descriptorInfo.layerCount) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        if (!mCapabilities.layeredBuffers && descriptorInfo.layerCount != 1) {
+            return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+
+        if (descriptorInfo.format == static_cast<PixelFormat>(0)) {
+            return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+        }
+
+        const uint64_t validUsageBits = getValidBufferUsageMask();
+        if (descriptorInfo.usage & ~validUsageBits) {
+            ALOGW("buffer descriptor with invalid usage bits 0x%" PRIx64,
+                  descriptorInfo.usage & ~validUsageBits);
+        }
+
+        *outDescriptor = grallocEncodeBufferDescriptor(descriptorInfo);
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle,
+                       native_handle_t** outBufferHandle) override {
+        native_handle_t* bufferHandle = native_handle_clone(rawHandle);
+        if (!bufferHandle) {
+            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+        }
+
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.retain(mDevice, bufferHandle);
+        if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
+            native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
+            return toError(error);
+        }
+
+        *outBufferHandle = bufferHandle;
+
+        return Error::NONE;
+    }
+
+    Error freeBuffer(native_handle_t* bufferHandle) override {
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.release(mDevice, bufferHandle);
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && !mCapabilities.releaseImplyDelete) {
+            native_handle_close(bufferHandle);
+            native_handle_delete(bufferHandle);
+        }
+        return toError(error);
+    }
+
+    Error lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+               const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, base::unique_fd fenceFd,
+               void** outData) override {
+        const uint64_t consumerUsage =
+            cpuUsage & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK);
+        const auto accessRect = asGralloc1Rect(accessRegion);
+        void* data = nullptr;
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.lock(mDevice, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, consumerUsage, &accessRect,
+                                       &data, fenceFd.release());
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            *outData = data;
+        }
+
+        return toError(error);
+    }
+
+    Error lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                    const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, base::unique_fd fenceFd,
+                    YCbCrLayout* outLayout) override {
+        // prepare flex layout
+        android_flex_layout flex = {};
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.getNumFlexPlanes(mDevice, bufferHandle, &flex.num_planes);
+        if (error != GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE) {
+            return toError(error);
+        }
+        std::vector<android_flex_plane_t> flexPlanes(flex.num_planes);
+        flex.planes = flexPlanes.data();
+
+        const uint64_t consumerUsage =
+            cpuUsage & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK);
+        const auto accessRect = asGralloc1Rect(accessRegion);
+        error = mDispatch.lockFlex(mDevice, bufferHandle, cpuUsage, consumerUsage, &accessRect,
+                                   &flex, fenceFd.release());
+        if (error == GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE && !toYCbCrLayout(flex, outLayout)) {
+            ALOGD("unable to convert android_flex_layout to YCbCrLayout");
+            // undo the lock
+            unlock(bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
+            error = GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_HANDLE;
+        }
+
+        return toError(error);
+    }
+
+    Error unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, base::unique_fd* outFenceFd) override {
+        int fenceFd = -1;
+        int32_t error = mDispatch.unlock(mDevice, bufferHandle, &fenceFd);
+
+        // we always own the fenceFd even when unlock failed
+        outFenceFd->reset(fenceFd);
+        return toError(error);
+    }
+
+   protected:
+    virtual void initCapabilities() {
+        uint32_t count = 0;
+        mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, nullptr);
+
+        std::vector<int32_t> capabilities(count);
+        mDevice->getCapabilities(mDevice, &count, capabilities.data());
+        capabilities.resize(count);
+
+        for (auto capability : capabilities) {
+            switch (capability) {
+                case GRALLOC1_CAPABILITY_LAYERED_BUFFERS:
+                    mCapabilities.layeredBuffers = true;
+                    break;
+                case GRALLOC1_CAPABILITY_RELEASE_IMPLY_DELETE:
+                    mCapabilities.releaseImplyDelete = true;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    bool initDispatch(gralloc1_function_descriptor_t desc, T* outPfn) {
+        auto pfn = mDevice->getFunction(mDevice, desc);
+        if (pfn) {
+            *outPfn = reinterpret_cast<T>(pfn);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("failed to get gralloc1 function %d", desc);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    virtual bool initDispatch() {
+        if (!initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RETAIN, &mDispatch.retain) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_RELEASE, &mDispatch.release) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_GET_NUM_FLEX_PLANES, &mDispatch.getNumFlexPlanes) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_LOCK, &mDispatch.lock) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_LOCK_FLEX, &mDispatch.lockFlex) ||
+            !initDispatch(GRALLOC1_FUNCTION_UNLOCK, &mDispatch.unlock)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual uint64_t getValidBufferUsageMask() const {
+        return BufferUsage::CPU_READ_MASK | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_MASK | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE |
+               BufferUsage::GPU_RENDER_TARGET | BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY |
+               BufferUsage::COMPOSER_CLIENT_TARGET | BufferUsage::PROTECTED |
+               BufferUsage::COMPOSER_CURSOR | BufferUsage::VIDEO_ENCODER |
+               BufferUsage::CAMERA_OUTPUT | BufferUsage::CAMERA_INPUT | BufferUsage::RENDERSCRIPT |
+               BufferUsage::VIDEO_DECODER | BufferUsage::SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA |
+               BufferUsage::GPU_DATA_BUFFER | BufferUsage::VENDOR_MASK |
+               BufferUsage::VENDOR_MASK_HI;
+    }
+
+    static Error toError(int32_t error) {
+        switch (error) {
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NONE:
+                return Error::NONE;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_DESCRIPTOR:
+                return Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_HANDLE:
+                return Error::BAD_BUFFER;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_BAD_VALUE:
+                return Error::BAD_VALUE;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NOT_SHARED:
+                return Error::NONE;  // this is fine
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_NO_RESOURCES:
+                return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNDEFINED:
+            case GRALLOC1_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED:
+            default:
+                return Error::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool toYCbCrLayout(const android_flex_layout& flex, YCbCrLayout* outLayout) {
+        // must be YCbCr
+        if (flex.format != FLEX_FORMAT_YCbCr || flex.num_planes < 3) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            const auto& plane = flex.planes[i];
+            // must have 8-bit depth
+            if (plane.bits_per_component != 8 || plane.bits_used != 8) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (plane.component == FLEX_COMPONENT_Y) {
+                // Y must not be interleaved
+                if (plane.h_increment != 1) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Cb and Cr can be interleaved
+                if (plane.h_increment != 1 && plane.h_increment != 2) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!plane.v_increment) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (flex.planes[0].component != FLEX_COMPONENT_Y ||
+            flex.planes[1].component != FLEX_COMPONENT_Cb ||
+            flex.planes[2].component != FLEX_COMPONENT_Cr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto& y = flex.planes[0];
+        const auto& cb = flex.planes[1];
+        const auto& cr = flex.planes[2];
+
+        if (cb.h_increment != cr.h_increment || cb.v_increment != cr.v_increment) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        outLayout->y = y.top_left;
+        outLayout->cb = cb.top_left;
+        outLayout->cr = cr.top_left;
+        outLayout->yStride = y.v_increment;
+        outLayout->cStride = cb.v_increment;
+        outLayout->chromaStep = cb.h_increment;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static gralloc1_rect_t asGralloc1Rect(const IMapper::Rect& rect) {
+        return gralloc1_rect_t{rect.left, rect.top, rect.width, rect.height};
+    }
+
+    gralloc1_device_t* mDevice = nullptr;
+
+    struct {
+        bool layeredBuffers;
+        bool releaseImplyDelete;
+    } mCapabilities = {};
+
+    struct {
+        GRALLOC1_PFN_RETAIN retain;
+        GRALLOC1_PFN_RELEASE release;
+        GRALLOC1_PFN_GET_NUM_FLEX_PLANES getNumFlexPlanes;
+        GRALLOC1_PFN_LOCK lock;
+        GRALLOC1_PFN_LOCK_FLEX lockFlex;
+        GRALLOC1_PFN_UNLOCK unlock;
+    } mDispatch = {};
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+using Gralloc1Hal = detail::Gralloc1HalImpl<hal::MapperHal>;
+
+}  // namespace passthrough
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h
similarity index 84%
rename from graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h
rename to graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h
index 9b5ab04..4c477e1 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/default/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocBufferDescriptor.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOCBUFFERDESCRIPTOR_H
-#define ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOCBUFFERDESCRIPTOR_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
 
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@
 namespace graphics {
 namespace mapper {
 namespace V2_0 {
-namespace implementation {
+namespace passthrough {
 
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
 
@@ -50,9 +49,8 @@
     return descriptor;
 }
 
-inline bool grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor(
-    const BufferDescriptor& descriptor,
-    IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo* outDescriptorInfo) {
+inline bool grallocDecodeBufferDescriptor(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor,
+                                          IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo* outDescriptorInfo) {
     if (descriptor.size() != grallocBufferDescriptorSize ||
         descriptor[0] != grallocBufferDescriptorMagicVersion) {
         return false;
@@ -69,11 +67,9 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-}  // namespace implementation
+}  // namespace passthrough
 }  // namespace V2_0
 }  // namespace mapper
 }  // namespace graphics
 }  // namespace hardware
 }  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_MAPPER_V2_0_GRALLOCBUFFERDESCRIPTOR_H
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8b1b4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/passthrough/include/mapper-passthrough/2.0/GrallocLoader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#warning "GrallocLoader.h included without LOG_TAG"
+#endif
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <hardware/hardware.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <mapper-hal/2.0/Mapper.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc0Hal.h>
+#include <mapper-passthrough/2.0/Gralloc1Hal.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace hardware {
+namespace graphics {
+namespace mapper {
+namespace V2_0 {
+namespace passthrough {
+
+class GrallocImportedBufferPool {
+   public:
+    static GrallocImportedBufferPool& getInstance() {
+        // GraphicBufferMapper in framework is expected to be valid (and
+        // leaked) during process termination.  We need to make sure IMapper,
+        // and in turn, GrallocImportedBufferPool is valid as well.  Create
+        // imported buffer pool on the heap (and let it leak) for the purpose.
+        // Besides, all IMapper instances must share the same pool.  Make it a
+        // singleton.
+        //
+        // However, there is no way to make sure gralloc0/gralloc1 are valid
+        // during process termination.  Any use of static/global object in
+        // gralloc0/gralloc1 that may be destructed during process termination
+        // is potentially broken.
+        static GrallocImportedBufferPool* singleton = new GrallocImportedBufferPool;
+        return *singleton;
+    }
+
+    void* add(native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        return mBufferHandles.insert(bufferHandle).second ? bufferHandle : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    native_handle_t* remove(void* buffer) {
+        auto bufferHandle = static_cast<native_handle_t*>(buffer);
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        return mBufferHandles.erase(bufferHandle) == 1 ? bufferHandle : nullptr;
+    }
+
+    const native_handle_t* get(void* buffer) {
+        auto bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(buffer);
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
+        return mBufferHandles.count(bufferHandle) == 1 ? bufferHandle : nullptr;
+    }
+
+   private:
+    std::mutex mMutex;
+    std::unordered_set<const native_handle_t*> mBufferHandles;
+};
+
+// Inherit from V2_*::hal::Mapper and override imported buffer management functions
+template <typename T>
+class GrallocMapper : public T {
+   protected:
+    void* addImportedBuffer(native_handle_t* bufferHandle) override {
+        return GrallocImportedBufferPool::getInstance().add(bufferHandle);
+    }
+
+    native_handle_t* removeImportedBuffer(void* buffer) override {
+        return GrallocImportedBufferPool::getInstance().remove(buffer);
+    }
+
+    const native_handle_t* getImportedBuffer(void* buffer) const override {
+        return GrallocImportedBufferPool::getInstance().get(buffer);
+    }
+};
+
+class GrallocLoader {
+   public:
+    static IMapper* load() {
+        const hw_module_t* module = loadModule();
+        if (!module) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        auto hal = createHal(module);
+        if (!hal) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return createMapper(std::move(hal));
+    }
+
+    // load the gralloc module
+    static const hw_module_t* loadModule() {
+        const hw_module_t* module;
+        int error = hw_get_module(GRALLOC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &module);
+        if (error) {
+            ALOGE("failed to get gralloc module");
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return module;
+    }
+
+    // return the major api version of the module
+    static int getModuleMajorApiVersion(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        return (module->module_api_version >> 8) & 0xff;
+    }
+
+    // create a MapperHal instance
+    static std::unique_ptr<hal::MapperHal> createHal(const hw_module_t* module) {
+        int major = getModuleMajorApiVersion(module);
+        switch (major) {
+            case 1: {
+                auto hal = std::make_unique<Gralloc1Hal>();
+                return hal->initWithModule(module) ? std::move(hal) : nullptr;
+            }
+            case 0: {
+                auto hal = std::make_unique<Gralloc0Hal>();
+                return hal->initWithModule(module) ? std::move(hal) : nullptr;
+            }
+            default:
+                ALOGE("unknown gralloc module major version %d", major);
+                return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // create an IAllocator instance
+    static IMapper* createMapper(std::unique_ptr<hal::MapperHal> hal) {
+        auto mapper = std::make_unique<GrallocMapper<hal::Mapper>>();
+        return mapper->init(std::move(hal)) ? mapper.release() : nullptr;
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace passthrough
+}  // namespace V2_0
+}  // namespace mapper
+}  // namespace graphics
+}  // namespace hardware
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bca152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libVtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils",
+    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
+    srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-O0",
+        "-g",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_static_lib_headers: [
+        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
+        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+}
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
similarity index 68%
rename from graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
rename to graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
index 671c4b1..e3229ca 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@
 
     for (auto bufferHandle : mImportedBuffers) {
         auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle);
-        EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mMapper->freeBuffer(buffer))
-            << "failed to free buffer " << buffer;
+        EXPECT_EQ(Error::NONE, mMapper->freeBuffer(buffer)) << "failed to free buffer " << buffer;
     }
     mImportedBuffers.clear();
 }
@@ -62,15 +61,13 @@
 
 std::string Gralloc::dumpDebugInfo() {
     std::string debugInfo;
-    mAllocator->dumpDebugInfo(
-        [&](const auto& tmpDebugInfo) { debugInfo = tmpDebugInfo.c_str(); });
+    mAllocator->dumpDebugInfo([&](const auto& tmpDebugInfo) { debugInfo = tmpDebugInfo.c_str(); });
 
     return debugInfo;
 }
 
 const native_handle_t* Gralloc::cloneBuffer(const hidl_handle& rawHandle) {
-    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle =
-        native_handle_clone(rawHandle.getNativeHandle());
+    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = native_handle_clone(rawHandle.getNativeHandle());
     EXPECT_NE(nullptr, bufferHandle);
 
     if (bufferHandle) {
@@ -80,24 +77,22 @@
     return bufferHandle;
 }
 
-std::vector<const native_handle_t*> Gralloc::allocate(
-    const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count, bool import,
-    uint32_t* outStride) {
+std::vector<const native_handle_t*> Gralloc::allocate(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor,
+                                                      uint32_t count, bool import,
+                                                      uint32_t* outStride) {
     std::vector<const native_handle_t*> bufferHandles;
     bufferHandles.reserve(count);
     mAllocator->allocate(
-        descriptor, count, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpStride,
-                               const auto& tmpBuffers) {
+        descriptor, count,
+        [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpStride, const auto& tmpBuffers) {
             ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to allocate buffers";
             ASSERT_EQ(count, tmpBuffers.size()) << "invalid buffer array";
 
             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                 if (import) {
-                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                        bufferHandles.push_back(importBuffer(tmpBuffers[i])));
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandles.push_back(importBuffer(tmpBuffers[i])));
                 } else {
-                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-                        bufferHandles.push_back(cloneBuffer(tmpBuffers[i])));
+                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandles.push_back(cloneBuffer(tmpBuffers[i])));
                 }
             }
 
@@ -113,9 +108,8 @@
     return bufferHandles;
 }
 
-const native_handle_t* Gralloc::allocate(
-    const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo, bool import,
-    uint32_t* outStride) {
+const native_handle_t* Gralloc::allocate(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                                         bool import, uint32_t* outStride) {
     BufferDescriptor descriptor = createDescriptor(descriptorInfo);
     if (::testing::Test::HasFatalFailure()) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -133,26 +127,23 @@
     return mMapper;
 }
 
-BufferDescriptor Gralloc::createDescriptor(
-    const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo) {
+BufferDescriptor Gralloc::createDescriptor(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo) {
     BufferDescriptor descriptor;
-    mMapper->createDescriptor(
-        descriptorInfo, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create descriptor";
-            descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
-        });
+    mMapper->createDescriptor(descriptorInfo, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpDescriptor) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to create descriptor";
+        descriptor = tmpDescriptor;
+    });
 
     return descriptor;
 }
 
 const native_handle_t* Gralloc::importBuffer(const hidl_handle& rawHandle) {
     const native_handle_t* bufferHandle = nullptr;
-    mMapper->importBuffer(
-        rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffer) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to import buffer %p"
-                                             << rawHandle.getNativeHandle();
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBuffer);
-        });
+    mMapper->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBuffer) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
+            << "failed to import buffer %p" << rawHandle.getNativeHandle();
+        bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBuffer);
+    });
 
     if (bufferHandle) {
         mImportedBuffers.insert(bufferHandle);
@@ -189,8 +180,7 @@
     void* data = nullptr;
     mMapper->lock(buffer, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFenceHandle,
                   [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpData) {
-                      ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError)
-                          << "failed to lock buffer " << buffer;
+                      ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to lock buffer " << buffer;
                       data = tmpData;
                   });
 
@@ -201,10 +191,8 @@
     return data;
 }
 
-YCbCrLayout Gralloc::lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle,
-                               uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                               const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
-                               int acquireFence) {
+YCbCrLayout Gralloc::lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                               const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int acquireFence) {
     auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle);
 
     NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(acquireFenceStorage, 1, 0);
@@ -234,24 +222,20 @@
     auto buffer = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle);
 
     int releaseFence = -1;
-    mMapper->unlock(
-        buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to unlock buffer "
-                                             << buffer;
+    mMapper->unlock(buffer, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpReleaseFence) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError) << "failed to unlock buffer " << buffer;
 
-            auto fenceHandle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
-            if (fenceHandle) {
-                ASSERT_EQ(0, fenceHandle->numInts) << "invalid fence handle "
-                                                   << fenceHandle;
-                if (fenceHandle->numFds == 1) {
-                    releaseFence = dup(fenceHandle->data[0]);
-                    ASSERT_LT(0, releaseFence) << "failed to dup fence fd";
-                } else {
-                    ASSERT_EQ(0, fenceHandle->numFds)
-                        << " invalid fence handle " << fenceHandle;
-                }
+        auto fenceHandle = tmpReleaseFence.getNativeHandle();
+        if (fenceHandle) {
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, fenceHandle->numInts) << "invalid fence handle " << fenceHandle;
+            if (fenceHandle->numFds == 1) {
+                releaseFence = dup(fenceHandle->data[0]);
+                ASSERT_LT(0, releaseFence) << "failed to dup fence fd";
+            } else {
+                ASSERT_EQ(0, fenceHandle->numFds) << " invalid fence handle " << fenceHandle;
             }
-        });
+        }
+    });
 
     return releaseFence;
 }
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
similarity index 83%
rename from graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
rename to graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
index 9cf60a3..1f7d88a 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/utils/vts/VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.h
@@ -49,19 +49,16 @@
     // is true, the returned buffers are also imported into the mapper.
     //
     // Either case, the returned buffers must be freed with freeBuffer.
-    std::vector<const native_handle_t*> allocate(
-        const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count, bool import = true,
-        uint32_t* outStride = nullptr);
-    const native_handle_t* allocate(
-        const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo, bool import = true,
-        uint32_t* outStride = nullptr);
+    std::vector<const native_handle_t*> allocate(const BufferDescriptor& descriptor, uint32_t count,
+                                                 bool import = true, uint32_t* outStride = nullptr);
+    const native_handle_t* allocate(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo,
+                                    bool import = true, uint32_t* outStride = nullptr);
 
     // IMapper methods
 
     sp<IMapper> getMapper() const;
 
-    BufferDescriptor createDescriptor(
-        const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo);
+    BufferDescriptor createDescriptor(const IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo& descriptorInfo);
 
     const native_handle_t* importBuffer(const hidl_handle& rawHandle);
     void freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle);
@@ -71,9 +68,8 @@
     // with each of these functions.
     void* lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
                const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int acquireFence);
-    YCbCrLayout lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle,
-                          uint64_t cpuUsage, const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion,
-                          int acquireFence);
+    YCbCrLayout lockYCbCr(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
+                          const IMapper::Rect& accessRegion, int acquireFence);
     int unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle);
 
    private:
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
index ac6cb47..8093b08 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -14,27 +14,6 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libVtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils",
-    defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
-    srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsMapperTestUtils.cpp"],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-    ],
-    static_libs: [
-        "VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase",
-    ],
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-O0",
-        "-g",
-    ],
-    export_include_dirs: ["."],
-}
-
 cc_test {
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest",
     defaults: ["VtsHalTargetTestDefaults"],
diff --git a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp
index 1f94898..21ea66d 100644
--- a/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/mapper/2.0/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsMapperV2_0TargetTest.cpp
@@ -33,22 +33,22 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
 
 class GraphicsMapperHidlTest : public ::testing::VtsHalHidlTargetTestBase {
- protected:
-  void SetUp() override {
-      ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
+   protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
 
-      mDummyDescriptorInfo.width = 64;
-      mDummyDescriptorInfo.height = 64;
-      mDummyDescriptorInfo.layerCount = 1;
-      mDummyDescriptorInfo.format = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
-      mDummyDescriptorInfo.usage = static_cast<uint64_t>(
-          BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
-  }
+        mDummyDescriptorInfo.width = 64;
+        mDummyDescriptorInfo.height = 64;
+        mDummyDescriptorInfo.layerCount = 1;
+        mDummyDescriptorInfo.format = PixelFormat::RGBA_8888;
+        mDummyDescriptorInfo.usage =
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
+    }
 
-  void TearDown() override {}
+    void TearDown() override {}
 
-  std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
-  IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo mDummyDescriptorInfo{};
+    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
+    IMapper::BufferDescriptorInfo mDummyDescriptorInfo{};
 };
 
 /**
@@ -63,18 +63,16 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, AllocatorAllocate) {
     BufferDescriptor descriptor;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-        descriptor = mGralloc->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(descriptor = mGralloc->createDescriptor(mDummyDescriptorInfo));
 
     for (uint32_t count = 0; count < 5; count++) {
         std::vector<const native_handle_t*> bufferHandles;
         uint32_t stride;
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandles = mGralloc->allocate(
-                                    descriptor, count, false, &stride));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandles =
+                                    mGralloc->allocate(descriptor, count, false, &stride));
 
         if (count >= 1) {
-            EXPECT_LE(mDummyDescriptorInfo.width, stride)
-                << "invalid buffer stride";
+            EXPECT_LE(mDummyDescriptorInfo.width, stride) << "invalid buffer stride";
         }
 
         for (auto bufferHandle : bufferHandles) {
@@ -89,10 +87,10 @@
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, AllocatorAllocateNegative) {
     // this assumes any valid descriptor is non-empty
     BufferDescriptor descriptor;
-    mGralloc->getAllocator()->allocate(
-        descriptor, 1, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&, const auto&) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR, tmpError);
-        });
+    mGralloc->getAllocator()->allocate(descriptor, 1,
+                                       [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&, const auto&) {
+                                           EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_DESCRIPTOR, tmpError);
+                                       });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -122,11 +120,9 @@
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, CreateDescriptorNegative) {
     auto info = mDummyDescriptorInfo;
     info.width = 0;
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->createDescriptor(
-        info, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_VALUE, tmpError)
-                << "createDescriptor did not fail with BAD_VALUE";
-        });
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->createDescriptor(info, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_VALUE, tmpError) << "createDescriptor did not fail with BAD_VALUE";
+    });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -134,8 +130,7 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, ImportFreeBufferBasic) {
     const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle =
-                                mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, true));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, true));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc->freeBuffer(bufferHandle));
 }
 
@@ -144,16 +139,13 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, ImportFreeBufferClone) {
     const native_handle_t* clonedBufferHandle;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-        clonedBufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(clonedBufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false));
 
     // A cloned handle is a raw handle. Check that we can import it multiple
     // times.
     const native_handle_t* importedBufferHandles[2];
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(importedBufferHandles[0] =
-                                mGralloc->importBuffer(clonedBufferHandle));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(importedBufferHandles[1] =
-                                mGralloc->importBuffer(clonedBufferHandle));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(importedBufferHandles[0] = mGralloc->importBuffer(clonedBufferHandle));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(importedBufferHandles[1] = mGralloc->importBuffer(clonedBufferHandle));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc->freeBuffer(importedBufferHandles[0]));
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc->freeBuffer(importedBufferHandles[1]));
 
@@ -165,15 +157,13 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, ImportFreeBufferSingleton) {
     const native_handle_t* rawHandle;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-        rawHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(rawHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false));
 
     native_handle_t* importedHandle = nullptr;
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->importBuffer(
-        rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& buffer) {
-            ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
-            importedHandle = static_cast<native_handle_t*>(buffer);
-        });
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& buffer) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(Error::NONE, tmpError);
+        importedHandle = static_cast<native_handle_t*>(buffer);
+    });
 
     // free the imported handle with another mapper
     std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> anotherGralloc;
@@ -203,15 +193,13 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, ImportBufferNegative) {
     native_handle_t* invalidHandle = nullptr;
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->importBuffer(
-        invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
-                << "importBuffer with nullptr did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
-        });
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->importBuffer(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
+            << "importBuffer with nullptr did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
+    });
 
     invalidHandle = native_handle_create(0, 0);
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->importBuffer(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError,
-                                                           const auto&) {
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->importBuffer(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
         EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
             << "importBuffer with invalid handle did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
     });
@@ -224,8 +212,7 @@
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, FreeBufferNegative) {
     native_handle_t* invalidHandle = nullptr;
     Error error = mGralloc->getMapper()->freeBuffer(invalidHandle);
-    EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, error)
-        << "freeBuffer with nullptr did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
+    EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, error) << "freeBuffer with nullptr did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
 
     invalidHandle = native_handle_create(0, 0);
     error = mGralloc->getMapper()->freeBuffer(invalidHandle);
@@ -234,8 +221,7 @@
     native_handle_delete(invalidHandle);
 
     const native_handle_t* clonedBufferHandle;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-        clonedBufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(clonedBufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false));
     error = mGralloc->getMapper()->freeBuffer(invalidHandle);
     EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, error)
         << "freeBuffer with un-imported handle did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
@@ -251,16 +237,15 @@
 
     const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
     uint32_t stride;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle =
-                                mGralloc->allocate(info, true, &stride));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(info, true, &stride));
 
     // lock buffer for writing
     const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
                                static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
     int fence = -1;
     uint8_t* data;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mGralloc->lock(
-                                bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence)));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+        data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mGralloc->lock(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence)));
 
     // RGBA_8888
     size_t strideInBytes = stride * 4;
@@ -274,8 +259,8 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mGralloc->unlock(bufferHandle));
 
     // lock again for reading
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mGralloc->lock(
-                                bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence)));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+        data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(mGralloc->lock(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence)));
     for (uint32_t y = 0; y < info.height; y++) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < writeInBytes; i++) {
             EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint8_t>(y), data[i]);
@@ -299,16 +284,14 @@
 
     const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
     uint32_t stride;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle =
-                                mGralloc->allocate(info, true, &stride));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(bufferHandle = mGralloc->allocate(info, true, &stride));
 
     // lock buffer for writing
     const IMapper::Rect region{0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(info.width),
                                static_cast<int32_t>(info.height)};
     int fence = -1;
     YCbCrLayout layout;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-        layout = mGralloc->lockYCbCr(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layout = mGralloc->lockYCbCr(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence));
 
     auto yData = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.y);
     auto cbData = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.cb);
@@ -328,8 +311,7 @@
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fence = mGralloc->unlock(bufferHandle));
 
     // lock again for reading
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-        layout = mGralloc->lockYCbCr(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(layout = mGralloc->lockYCbCr(bufferHandle, info.usage, region, fence));
 
     yData = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.y);
     cbData = static_cast<uint8_t*>(layout.cb);
@@ -357,25 +339,21 @@
  */
 TEST_F(GraphicsMapperHidlTest, UnlockNegative) {
     native_handle_t* invalidHandle = nullptr;
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(
-        invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
-                << "unlock with nullptr did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
-        });
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
+            << "unlock with nullptr did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
+    });
 
     invalidHandle = native_handle_create(0, 0);
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(
-        invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
-            EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
-                << "unlock with invalid handle did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
-        });
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
+            << "unlock with invalid handle did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
+    });
     native_handle_delete(invalidHandle);
 
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(invalidHandle =
-                                const_cast<native_handle_t*>(mGralloc->allocate(
-                                    mDummyDescriptorInfo, false)));
-    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError,
-                                                     const auto&) {
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(invalidHandle = const_cast<native_handle_t*>(
+                                mGralloc->allocate(mDummyDescriptorInfo, false)));
+    mGralloc->getMapper()->unlock(invalidHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto&) {
         EXPECT_EQ(Error::BAD_BUFFER, tmpError)
             << "unlock with un-imported handle did not fail with BAD_BUFFER";
     });