diff --git a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl
index 40a8d72..959594b 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.audio.effect/current/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 @VintfStability
 union HapticGenerator {
   android.hardware.audio.effect.VendorExtension vendorExtension;
-  android.hardware.audio.effect.HapticGenerator.HapticScale hapticScale;
+  android.hardware.audio.effect.HapticGenerator.HapticScale[] hapticScales;
   android.hardware.audio.effect.HapticGenerator.VibratorInformation vibratorInfo;
   @VintfStability
   union Id {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl
index 944155f..3063ee3 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl
+++ b/audio/aidl/android/hardware/audio/effect/HapticGenerator.aidl
@@ -90,6 +90,6 @@
         float maxAmplitude;
     }
 
-    HapticScale hapticScale;
+    HapticScale[] hapticScales;
     VibratorInformation vibratorInfo;
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.cpp
index f6211c4..3c3b66f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.cpp
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@
     auto tag = hgParam.getTag();
 
     switch (tag) {
-        case HapticGenerator::hapticScale: {
-            RETURN_IF(mContext->setHgHapticScale(hgParam.get<HapticGenerator::hapticScale>()) !=
+        case HapticGenerator::hapticScales: {
+            RETURN_IF(mContext->setHgHapticScales(hgParam.get<HapticGenerator::hapticScales>()) !=
                               RetCode::SUCCESS,
                       EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT, "HapticScaleNotSupported");
             return ndk::ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@
 
     HapticGenerator hgParam;
     switch (tag) {
-        case HapticGenerator::hapticScale: {
-            hgParam.set<HapticGenerator::hapticScale>(mContext->getHgHapticScale());
+        case HapticGenerator::hapticScales: {
+            hgParam.set<HapticGenerator::hapticScales>(mContext->getHgHapticScales());
             break;
         }
         case HapticGenerator::vibratorInfo: {
@@ -183,4 +183,20 @@
     return {STATUS_OK, samples, samples};
 }
 
+RetCode HapticGeneratorSwContext::setHgHapticScales(
+        const std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale>& hapticScales) {
+    // Assume any audio track ID is valid
+    for (auto& it : hapticScales) {
+        mHapticScales[it.id] = it;
+    }
+    return RetCode::SUCCESS;
+}
+
+std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> HapticGeneratorSwContext::getHgHapticScales() const {
+    std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> result;
+    std::transform(mHapticScales.begin(), mHapticScales.end(), std::back_inserter(result),
+                   [](auto& scaleIt) { return scaleIt.second; });
+    return result;
+}
+
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::audio::effect
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.h b/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.h
index d9ec744..7159501 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.h
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/hapticGenerator/HapticGeneratorSw.h
@@ -33,12 +33,8 @@
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__;
     }
 
-    RetCode setHgHapticScale(const HapticGenerator::HapticScale& hapticScale) {
-        // All int values are valid for ID
-        mHapticScale = hapticScale;
-        return RetCode::SUCCESS;
-    }
-    HapticGenerator::HapticScale getHgHapticScale() const { return mHapticScale; }
+    RetCode setHgHapticScales(const std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale>& hapticScales);
+    std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> getHgHapticScales() const;
 
     RetCode setHgVibratorInformation(const HapticGenerator::VibratorInformation& vibratorInfo) {
         // All float values are valid for resonantFrequencyHz, qFactor, maxAmplitude
@@ -54,7 +50,7 @@
     static constexpr float DEFAULT_RESONANT_FREQUENCY = 150.0f;
     static constexpr float DEFAULT_Q_FACTOR = 1.0f;
     static constexpr float DEFAULT_MAX_AMPLITUDE = 0.0f;
-    HapticGenerator::HapticScale mHapticScale = {0, HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::MUTE};
+    std::map<int /* trackID */, HapticGenerator::HapticScale> mHapticScales;
     HapticGenerator::VibratorInformation mVibratorInformation = {
             DEFAULT_RESONANT_FREQUENCY, DEFAULT_Q_FACTOR, DEFAULT_MAX_AMPLITUDE};
 };
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalHapticGeneratorTargetTest.cpp b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalHapticGeneratorTargetTest.cpp
index d1f3b97..b8ea9c1 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalHapticGeneratorTargetTest.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalHapticGeneratorTargetTest.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 #include <Utils.h>
 #include <aidl/Vintf.h>
 #include <android/binder_enums.h>
-#include <unordered_set>
+#include <map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "EffectHelper.h"
 
@@ -87,12 +89,11 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mFactory);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(create(mFactory, mEffect, mDescriptor));
 
-        Parameter::Specific specific = getDefaultParamSpecific();
         Parameter::Common common = EffectHelper::createParamCommon(
                 0 /* session */, 1 /* ioHandle */, 44100 /* iSampleRate */, 44100 /* oSampleRate */,
                 kInputFrameCount /* iFrameCount */, kOutputFrameCount /* oFrameCount */);
         IEffect::OpenEffectReturn ret;
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(open(mEffect, common, specific, &ret, EX_NONE));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(open(mEffect, common, std::nullopt, &ret, EX_NONE));
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mEffect);
     }
 
@@ -101,15 +102,6 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
     }
 
-    Parameter::Specific getDefaultParamSpecific() {
-        HapticGenerator::HapticScale hapticScale = {.id = 0,
-                                                    .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::MUTE};
-        HapticGenerator hg = HapticGenerator::make<HapticGenerator::hapticScale>(hapticScale);
-        Parameter::Specific specific =
-                Parameter::Specific::make<Parameter::Specific::hapticGenerator>(hg);
-        return specific;
-    }
-
     static const long kInputFrameCount = 0x100, kOutputFrameCount = 0x100;
     std::shared_ptr<IFactory> mFactory;
     std::shared_ptr<IEffect> mEffect;
@@ -122,13 +114,13 @@
 
     void SetAndGetHapticGeneratorParameters() {
         for (auto& it : mTags) {
-            auto& tag = it.first;
-            auto& hg = it.second;
+            auto& tag = std::get<ParamTestEnum::PARAM_TEST_TAG>(it);
+            auto& setHg = std::get<ParamTestEnum::PARAM_TEST_TARGET>(it);
 
             // set parameter
             Parameter expectParam;
             Parameter::Specific specific;
-            specific.set<Parameter::Specific::hapticGenerator>(hg);
+            specific.set<Parameter::Specific::hapticGenerator>(setHg);
             expectParam.set<Parameter::specific>(specific);
             EXPECT_STATUS(EX_NONE, mEffect->setParameter(expectParam)) << expectParam.toString();
 
@@ -139,15 +131,16 @@
             hgId.set<HapticGenerator::Id::commonTag>(tag);
             id.set<Parameter::Id::hapticGeneratorTag>(hgId);
             EXPECT_STATUS(EX_NONE, mEffect->getParameter(id, &getParam));
-            EXPECT_EQ(expectParam, getParam);
+            EXPECT_EQ(expectParam, getParam) << expectParam.toString() << "\n"
+                                             << getParam.toString();
         }
     }
 
     void addHapticScaleParam(int id, HapticGenerator::VibratorScale scale) {
-        HapticGenerator hg;
-        HapticGenerator::HapticScale hapticScale = {.id = id, .scale = scale};
-        hg.set<HapticGenerator::hapticScale>(hapticScale);
-        mTags.push_back({HapticGenerator::hapticScale, hg});
+        HapticGenerator setHg;
+        std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> hapticScales = {{.id = id, .scale = scale}};
+        setHg.set<HapticGenerator::hapticScales>(hapticScales);
+        mTags.push_back({HapticGenerator::hapticScales, setHg});
     }
 
     void addVibratorInformationParam(float resonantFrequencyHz, float qFactor, float maxAmplitude) {
@@ -161,7 +154,8 @@
     }
 
   private:
-    std::vector<std::pair<HapticGenerator::Tag, HapticGenerator>> mTags;
+    enum ParamTestEnum { PARAM_TEST_TAG, PARAM_TEST_TARGET };
+    std::vector<std::tuple<HapticGenerator::Tag, HapticGenerator>> mTags;
 
     void CleanUp() { mTags.clear(); }
 };
@@ -171,6 +165,12 @@
     SetAndGetHapticGeneratorParameters();
 }
 
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorParamTest, SetAndGetMultipleHapticScales) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam(mParamHapticScaleId, mParamVibratorScale));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam(mParamHapticScaleId, mParamVibratorScale));
+    SetAndGetHapticGeneratorParameters();
+}
+
 TEST_P(HapticGeneratorParamTest, SetAndGetVibratorInformation) {
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addVibratorInformationParam(mParamResonantFrequency, mParamQFactor,
                                                         mParamMaxAmplitude));
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
         ::testing::Combine(testing::ValuesIn(EffectFactoryHelper::getAllEffectDescriptors(
                                    IFactory::descriptor, kHapticGeneratorTypeUUID)),
                            testing::Values(MIN_ID - 1),
-                           testing::Values(HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::MUTE),
+                           testing::Values(HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::NONE),
                            testing::Values(MIN_FLOAT), testing::Values(MIN_FLOAT),
                            testing::Values(MIN_FLOAT)),
         [](const testing::TestParamInfo<HapticGeneratorParamTest::ParamType>& info) {
@@ -236,9 +236,202 @@
                     name.begin(), name.end(), [](const char c) { return !std::isalnum(c); }, '_');
             return name;
         });
-
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(HapticGeneratorParamTest);
 
+// Test HapticScale[] hapticScales parameter
+using HapticGeneratorScalesTestParam = std::tuple<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<IFactory>, Descriptor>>;
+class HapticGeneratorScalesTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<HapticGeneratorScalesTestParam>,
+                                  public EffectHelper {
+  public:
+    HapticGeneratorScalesTest() {
+        std::tie(mFactory, mDescriptor) = std::get<PARAM_INSTANCE_NAME>(GetParam());
+    }
+
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mFactory);
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(create(mFactory, mEffect, mDescriptor));
+
+        Parameter::Common common = EffectHelper::createParamCommon(
+                0 /* session */, 1 /* ioHandle */, 44100 /* iSampleRate */, 44100 /* oSampleRate */,
+                kInputFrameCount /* iFrameCount */, kOutputFrameCount /* oFrameCount */);
+        IEffect::OpenEffectReturn ret;
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(open(mEffect, common, std::nullopt, &ret, EX_NONE));
+        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mEffect);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(close(mEffect));
+        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(destroy(mFactory, mEffect));
+        CleanUp();
+    }
+
+    static const long kInputFrameCount = 0x100, kOutputFrameCount = 0x100;
+    std::shared_ptr<IFactory> mFactory;
+    std::shared_ptr<IEffect> mEffect;
+    Descriptor mDescriptor;
+
+    void addHapticScaleParam(std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> scales) {
+        mHapticScales.push_back(HapticGenerator::make<HapticGenerator::hapticScales>(scales));
+        for (const auto& scale : scales) {
+            expectMap.insert_or_assign(scale.id, scale.scale);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SetHapticScaleParameters() {
+        // std::unordered_set<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> target;
+        for (auto& it : mHapticScales) {
+            Parameter::Specific specific =
+                    Parameter::Specific::make<Parameter::Specific::hapticGenerator>(it);
+            Parameter param = Parameter::make<Parameter::specific>(specific);
+            EXPECT_STATUS(EX_NONE, mEffect->setParameter(param)) << param.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void checkHapticScaleParameter() {
+        // get parameter
+        Parameter targetParam;
+        HapticGenerator::Id hgId = HapticGenerator::Id::make<HapticGenerator::Id::commonTag>(
+                HapticGenerator::hapticScales);
+        Parameter::Id id = Parameter::Id::make<Parameter::Id::hapticGeneratorTag>(hgId);
+        EXPECT_STATUS(EX_NONE, mEffect->getParameter(id, &targetParam));
+        ASSERT_EQ(Parameter::specific, targetParam.getTag());
+        Parameter::Specific specific = targetParam.get<Parameter::specific>();
+        ASSERT_EQ(Parameter::Specific::hapticGenerator, specific.getTag());
+        HapticGenerator hg = specific.get<Parameter::Specific::hapticGenerator>();
+        ASSERT_EQ(HapticGenerator::hapticScales, hg.getTag());
+        std::vector<HapticGenerator::HapticScale> scales = hg.get<HapticGenerator::hapticScales>();
+        ASSERT_EQ(scales.size(), expectMap.size());
+        for (const auto& scale : scales) {
+            auto itor = expectMap.find(scale.id);
+            ASSERT_NE(expectMap.end(), itor);
+            ASSERT_EQ(scale.scale, itor->second);
+            expectMap.erase(scale.id);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(0ul, expectMap.size());
+    }
+
+    const static HapticGenerator::HapticScale kHapticScaleWithMinId;
+    const static HapticGenerator::HapticScale kHapticScaleWithMinIdNew;
+    const static HapticGenerator::HapticScale kHapticScale;
+    const static HapticGenerator::HapticScale kHapticScaleNew;
+    const static HapticGenerator::HapticScale kHapticScaleWithMaxId;
+    const static HapticGenerator::HapticScale kHapticScaleWithMaxIdNew;
+
+    std::vector<HapticGenerator> mHapticScales;
+
+    void CleanUp() {
+        mHapticScales.clear();
+        expectMap.clear();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::map<int /* trackID */, HapticGenerator::VibratorScale> expectMap;
+};
+
+const HapticGenerator::HapticScale HapticGeneratorScalesTest::kHapticScaleWithMinId = {
+        .id = MIN_ID, .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::MUTE};
+const HapticGenerator::HapticScale HapticGeneratorScalesTest::kHapticScaleWithMinIdNew = {
+        .id = MIN_ID, .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::VERY_LOW};
+const HapticGenerator::HapticScale HapticGeneratorScalesTest::kHapticScale = {
+        .id = 1, .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::LOW};
+const HapticGenerator::HapticScale HapticGeneratorScalesTest::kHapticScaleNew = {
+        .id = 1, .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::NONE};
+const HapticGenerator::HapticScale HapticGeneratorScalesTest::kHapticScaleWithMaxId = {
+        .id = MAX_ID, .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::VERY_HIGH};
+const HapticGenerator::HapticScale HapticGeneratorScalesTest::kHapticScaleWithMaxIdNew = {
+        .id = MAX_ID, .scale = HapticGenerator::VibratorScale::MUTE};
+
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorScalesTest, SetAndUpdateOne) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScale}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleNew}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMinIdNew}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxIdNew}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(checkHapticScaleParameter());
+}
+
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorScalesTest, SetAndUpdateVector) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScale, kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam(
+            {kHapticScaleNew, kHapticScaleWithMaxIdNew, kHapticScaleWithMinIdNew}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(checkHapticScaleParameter());
+}
+
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorScalesTest, SetAndUpdateMultipleVector) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScale, kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam(
+            {kHapticScaleNew, kHapticScaleWithMaxIdNew, kHapticScaleWithMinIdNew}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScale, kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(checkHapticScaleParameter());
+}
+
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorScalesTest, SetOneAndAddMoreVector) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScale}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(checkHapticScaleParameter());
+}
+
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorScalesTest, SetMultipleAndAddOneVector) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScale}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(checkHapticScaleParameter());
+}
+
+TEST_P(HapticGeneratorScalesTest, SetMultipleVectorRepeat) {
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScale, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScale, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+            addHapticScaleParam({kHapticScaleWithMaxId, kHapticScale, kHapticScaleWithMinId}));
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(SetHapticScaleParameters());
+
+    EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(checkHapticScaleParameter());
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        HapticGeneratorScalesTest, HapticGeneratorScalesTest,
+        ::testing::Combine(testing::ValuesIn(EffectFactoryHelper::getAllEffectDescriptors(
+                IFactory::descriptor, kHapticGeneratorTypeUUID))),
+        [](const testing::TestParamInfo<HapticGeneratorScalesTest::ParamType>& info) {
+            auto descriptor = std::get<PARAM_INSTANCE_NAME>(info.param).second;
+            std::string name = "Implementor_" + descriptor.common.implementor + "_name_" +
+                               descriptor.common.name + "_UUID_" +
+                               descriptor.common.id.uuid.toString();
+            std::replace_if(
+                    name.begin(), name.end(), [](const char c) { return !std::isalnum(c); }, '_');
+            return name;
+        });
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(HapticGeneratorScalesTest);
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
     ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
diff --git a/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc b/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc
index f859f21..0de4eea 100644
--- a/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc
+++ b/audio/common/all-versions/default/service/android.hardware.audio.service.rc
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     user audioserver
     # media gid needed for /dev/fm (radio) and for /data/misc/media (tee)
     group audio camera drmrpc inet media mediadrm net_bt net_bt_admin net_bw_acct wakelock context_hub
-    capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND
+    capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND SYS_NICE
     # setting RLIMIT_RTPRIO allows binder RT priority inheritance
     rlimit rtprio 10 10
     ioprio rt 4
diff --git a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/Effect.cpp b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/Effect.cpp
index 5dc42dc..87e1ab7 100644
--- a/audio/effect/all-versions/default/Effect.cpp
+++ b/audio/effect/all-versions/default/Effect.cpp
@@ -25,8 +25,11 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_AUDIO
 #include <HidlUtils.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <media/EffectsFactoryApi.h>
 #include <mediautils/ScopedStatistics.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <system/audio_effects/effect_spatializer.h>
 #include <util/EffectUtils.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
@@ -47,6 +50,160 @@
 
 namespace {
 
+/**
+ * Some basic scheduling tools.
+ */
+namespace scheduler {
+
+int getCpu() {
+    return sched_getcpu();
+}
+
+uint64_t getAffinity(pid_t tid) {
+    cpu_set_t set;
+    CPU_ZERO_S(sizeof(set), &set);
+
+    if (sched_getaffinity(tid, sizeof(set), &set)) {
+        ALOGW("%s: for tid:%d returning 0, failed %s", __func__, tid, strerror(errno));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    const int count = CPU_COUNT_S(sizeof(set), &set);
+    uint64_t mask = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < CPU_SETSIZE; ++i) {
+        if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, sizeof(set), &set)) {
+            mask |= 1 << i;
+        }
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: for tid:%d returning cpu count %d mask %llu", __func__, tid, count,
+          (unsigned long long)mask);
+    return mask;
+}
+
+status_t setAffinity(pid_t tid, uint64_t mask) {
+    cpu_set_t set;
+    CPU_ZERO_S(sizeof(set), &set);
+
+    for (uint64_t m = mask; m != 0;) {
+        uint64_t tz = __builtin_ctz(m);
+        CPU_SET_S(tz, sizeof(set), &set);
+        m &= ~(1 << tz);
+    }
+    if (sched_setaffinity(tid, sizeof(set), &set)) {
+        ALOGW("%s: for tid:%d setting cpu mask %llu failed %s", __func__, tid,
+              (unsigned long long)mask, strerror(errno));
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: for tid:%d setting cpu mask %llu", __func__, tid, (unsigned long long)mask);
+    return OK;
+}
+
+__unused status_t setPriority(pid_t tid, int policy, int priority) {
+    struct sched_param param {
+        .sched_priority = priority,
+    };
+    if (sched_setscheduler(tid, policy, &param) != 0) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Cannot set FIFO priority for tid %d to policy %d priority %d  %s", __func__, tid,
+              policy, priority, strerror(errno));
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: Successfully set priority for tid %d to policy %d priority %d", __func__, tid,
+          policy, priority);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+status_t setUtilMin(pid_t tid, uint32_t utilMin) {
+    // Currently, there is no wrapper in bionic: b/183240349.
+    struct {
+        uint32_t size;
+        uint32_t sched_policy;
+        uint64_t sched_flags;
+        int32_t sched_nice;
+        uint32_t sched_priority;
+        uint64_t sched_runtime;
+        uint64_t sched_deadline;
+        uint64_t sched_period;
+        uint32_t sched_util_min;
+        uint32_t sched_util_max;
+    } attr{
+            .size = sizeof(attr),
+            .sched_flags = SCHED_FLAG_KEEP_ALL | SCHED_FLAG_UTIL_CLAMP_MIN,
+            .sched_util_min = utilMin,
+    };
+
+    if (syscall(__NR_sched_setattr, tid, &attr, 0 /* flags */)) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Cannot set sched_util_min for pid %d to %u  %s", __func__, tid, utilMin,
+              strerror(errno));
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    ALOGV("%s: Successfully set sched_util_min for pid %d to %u", __func__, tid, utilMin);
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+   Attempts to raise the priority and usage of tid for spatialization.
+   Returns OK if everything works.
+*/
+status_t updateSpatializerPriority(pid_t tid) {
+    status_t status = OK;
+
+    const int cpu = getCpu();
+    ALOGV("%s: current CPU:%d", __func__, cpu);
+
+    const auto currentAffinity = getAffinity(tid);
+    ALOGV("%s: current Affinity:%llx", __func__, (unsigned long long)currentAffinity);
+
+    // Set the desired CPU core affinity.
+    // Typically this would be done to move the Spatializer effect off of the little cores.
+    // The mid cores and large cores typically have more FP/NEON units
+    // and will advantageously reduce power and prevent glitches due CPU limitations.
+    //
+    // Since this is SOC dependent, we do not set the core affinity here but
+    // prefer to set the util_clamp_min below.
+    //
+    constexpr uint64_t kDefaultAffinity = 0;
+    const int32_t desiredAffinity =
+            property_get_int32("audio.spatializer.effect.affinity", kDefaultAffinity);
+    if (desiredAffinity != 0 && (desiredAffinity & ~currentAffinity) == 0) {
+        const status_t localStatus = setAffinity(tid, desiredAffinity);
+        status = status ? status : localStatus;
+    }
+
+    // Set the util_clamp_min.
+    // This is beneficial to reduce glitches when starting up, or due to scheduler
+    // thread statistics reset (e.g. core migration), which cause the CPU frequency to drop
+    // to minimum.
+    //
+    // Experimentation has found that moving to a mid core over a little core reduces
+    // power if the mid core (e.g. A76/78) has more (e.g. 2x) FP/NEON units
+    // than the little core (e.g. A55).
+    // A possible value is 300.
+    //
+    constexpr uint32_t kUtilMin = 0;
+    const int32_t utilMin = property_get_int32("audio.spatializer.effect.util_clamp_min", kUtilMin);
+    if (utilMin > 0 && utilMin <= 1024) {
+        const status_t localStatus = setUtilMin(tid, utilMin);
+        status = status ? status : localStatus;
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    // Provided for local vendor testing but not enabled as audioserver does this for us.
+    //
+    // Set priority if specified.
+    constexpr int32_t kRTPriorityMin = 1;
+    constexpr int32_t kRTPriorityMax = 3;
+    const int32_t priorityBoost =
+            property_get_int32("audio.spatializer.priority", kRTPriorityMin);
+    if (priorityBoost >= kRTPriorityMin && priorityBoost <= kRTPriorityMax) {
+        const status_t localStatus = scheduler::setPriority(threadId, SCHED_FIFO, priorityBoost);
+        status = status ? status : localStatus;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+}  // namespace scheduler
+
 #define SCOPED_STATS()                                                       \
     ::android::mediautils::ScopedStatistics scopedStatistics {               \
         std::string("EffectHal::").append(__func__), mEffectHal->mStatistics \
@@ -83,6 +240,16 @@
 };
 
 bool ProcessThread::threadLoop() {
+    // For a spatializer effect, we perform scheduler adjustments to reduce glitches and power.
+    {
+        effect_descriptor_t halDescriptor{};
+        if ((*mEffect)->get_descriptor(mEffect, &halDescriptor) == NO_ERROR &&
+            memcmp(&halDescriptor.type, FX_IID_SPATIALIZER, sizeof(effect_uuid_t)) == 0) {
+            const status_t status = scheduler::updateSpatializerPriority(gettid());
+            ALOGW_IF(status != OK, "Failed to update Spatializer priority");
+        }
+    }
+
     // This implementation doesn't return control back to the Thread until it decides to stop,
     // as the Thread uses mutexes, and this can lead to priority inversion.
     while (!std::atomic_load_explicit(mStop, std::memory_order_acquire)) {