diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp
index 9eb23fa..4052003 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/Android.bp
@@ -29,20 +29,15 @@
     vendor_available: true,
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libcutils",
         "libhardware", // TODO remove hwcomposer2.h dependency
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
+        "libui",
         "libutils",
     ],
     export_shared_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
         "libhardware",
         "libhidlbase",
         "liblog",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp
index e52bf71..80bfb7a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/ComposerResources.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include "composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h"
 
+#include <ui/GraphicBufferMapper.h>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
 namespace graphics {
@@ -25,23 +27,10 @@
 namespace V2_1 {
 namespace hal {
 
+ComposerHandleImporter::ComposerHandleImporter() : mMapper{GraphicBufferMapper::get()} {}
+
 bool ComposerHandleImporter::init() {
-    mMapper4 = mapper::V4_0::IMapper::getService();
-    if (mMapper4) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    ALOGI_IF(!mMapper4, "failed to get mapper 4.0 service, falling back to mapper 3.0");
-
-    mMapper3 = mapper::V3_0::IMapper::getService();
-    if (mMapper3) {
-        return true;
-    }
-    ALOGI_IF(!mMapper3, "failed to get mapper 3.0 service, falling back to mapper 2.0");
-
-    mMapper2 = mapper::V2_0::IMapper::getService();
-    ALOGE_IF(!mMapper2, "failed to get mapper 2.0 service");
-
-    return mMapper2 != nullptr;
+    return true;
 }
 
 Error ComposerHandleImporter::importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle,
@@ -51,51 +40,17 @@
         return Error::NONE;
     }
 
-    const native_handle_t* bufferHandle;
-    if (mMapper2) {
-        mapper::V2_0::Error error;
-        mMapper2->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
-        if (error != mapper::V2_0::Error::NONE) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
+    status_t status = mMapper.importBufferNoValidate(rawHandle, outBufferHandle);
+    if (status == STATUS_OK) {
+        return Error::NONE;
+    } else {
+        return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
     }
-    if (mMapper3) {
-        mapper::V3_0::Error error;
-        mMapper3->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
-        if (error != mapper::V3_0::Error::NONE) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
-    }
-    if (mMapper4) {
-        mapper::V4_0::Error error;
-        mMapper4->importBuffer(rawHandle, [&](const auto& tmpError, const auto& tmpBufferHandle) {
-            error = tmpError;
-            bufferHandle = static_cast<const native_handle_t*>(tmpBufferHandle);
-        });
-        if (error != mapper::V4_0::Error::NONE) {
-            return Error::NO_RESOURCES;
-        }
-    }
-
-    *outBufferHandle = bufferHandle;
-    return Error::NONE;
 }
 
 void ComposerHandleImporter::freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
     if (bufferHandle) {
-        if (mMapper2) {
-            mMapper2->freeBuffer(static_cast<void*>(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle)));
-        } else if (mMapper3) {
-            mMapper3->freeBuffer(static_cast<void*>(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle)));
-        } else if (mMapper4) {
-            mMapper4->freeBuffer(static_cast<void*>(const_cast<native_handle_t*>(bufferHandle)));
-        }
+        mMapper.freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h
index de78a59..9838118 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/resources/include/composer-resources/2.1/ComposerResources.h
@@ -27,12 +27,10 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/types.h>
 
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/3.0/IMapper.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/4.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 namespace android {
+class GraphicBufferMapper;
 namespace hardware {
 namespace graphics {
 namespace composer {
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@
 // wrapper for IMapper to import buffers and sideband streams
 class ComposerHandleImporter {
   public:
+    ComposerHandleImporter();
     bool init();
 
     Error importBuffer(const native_handle_t* rawHandle, const native_handle_t** outBufferHandle);
@@ -50,9 +49,7 @@
     void freeStream(const native_handle_t* streamHandle);
 
   private:
-    sp<mapper::V2_0::IMapper> mMapper2;
-    sp<mapper::V3_0::IMapper> mMapper3;
-    sp<mapper::V4_0::IMapper> mMapper4;
+    GraphicBufferMapper& mMapper;
 };
 
 class ComposerHandleCache {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp
index 7b6a0e6..3bc127f 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
@@ -34,18 +33,15 @@
         "GraphicsComposerCallback.cpp",
         "TestCommandReader.cpp",
     ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libui",
+    ],
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libgtest",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-command-buffer",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
index 4603dd1..8b89784 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
@@ -308,113 +308,6 @@
     writer->reset();
 }
 
-NativeHandleWrapper::~NativeHandleWrapper() {
-    if (mHandle) {
-        mGralloc.freeBuffer(mHandle);
-    }
-}
-
-Gralloc::Gralloc() {
-    [this] {
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc4 = std::make_shared<Gralloc4>(
-                                        /*aidlAllocatorServiceName*/ IAllocator::descriptor +
-                                                std::string("/default"),
-                                        /*hidlAllocatorServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*mapperServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-        if (!mGralloc4->hasAllocator() || mGralloc4->getMapper() == nullptr) {
-            mGralloc4 = nullptr;
-            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc3 = std::make_shared<Gralloc3>("default", "default",
-                                                                           /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-            if (mGralloc3->getAllocator() == nullptr || mGralloc3->getMapper() == nullptr) {
-                mGralloc3 = nullptr;
-                ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc2 = std::make_shared<Gralloc2>());
-            }
-        }
-    }();
-}
-
-const NativeHandleWrapper Gralloc::allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount,
-                                            PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage, bool import,
-                                            uint32_t* outStride) {
-    const native_handle_t* handle;
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        IMapper4::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        handle = mGralloc4->allocate(info, import, outStride);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        IMapper3::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        handle = mGralloc3->allocate(info, import, outStride);
-    } else {
-        IMapper2::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = format;
-        info.usage = usage;
-        handle = mGralloc2->allocate(info, import, outStride);
-    }
-    return NativeHandleWrapper(*this, handle);
-}
-
-void* Gralloc::lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-                    const AccessRegion& accessRegionRect, int acquireFence) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        IMapper4::Rect accessRegion;
-        accessRegion.left = accessRegionRect.left;
-        accessRegion.top = accessRegionRect.top;
-        accessRegion.width = accessRegionRect.width;
-        accessRegion.height = accessRegionRect.height;
-        return mGralloc4->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFence);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        IMapper3::Rect accessRegion;
-        accessRegion.left = accessRegionRect.left;
-        accessRegion.top = accessRegionRect.top;
-        accessRegion.width = accessRegionRect.width;
-        accessRegion.height = accessRegionRect.height;
-        int32_t bytesPerPixel;
-        int32_t bytesPerStride;
-        return mGralloc3->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFence, &bytesPerPixel,
-                               &bytesPerStride);
-    } else {
-        IMapper2::Rect accessRegion;
-        accessRegion.left = accessRegionRect.left;
-        accessRegion.top = accessRegionRect.top;
-        accessRegion.width = accessRegionRect.width;
-        accessRegion.height = accessRegionRect.height;
-        return mGralloc2->lock(bufferHandle, cpuUsage, accessRegion, acquireFence);
-    }
-}
-
-int Gralloc::unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        return mGralloc4->unlock(bufferHandle);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        return mGralloc3->unlock(bufferHandle);
-    } else {
-        return mGralloc2->unlock(bufferHandle);
-    }
-}
-
-void Gralloc::freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        mGralloc4->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        mGralloc3->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    } else {
-        mGralloc2->freeBuffer(bufferHandle);
-    }
-}
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_1
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h
index f8ea661..c0aacb5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h
@@ -25,9 +25,6 @@
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.1/IComposer.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.1/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/3.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/4.0/MapperVts.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
@@ -43,13 +40,6 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Hdr;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
-using IMapper2 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::IMapper;
-using IMapper3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::IMapper;
-using IMapper4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper;
-using Gralloc2 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using IAllocator = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::allocator::IAllocator;
 
 class ComposerClient;
 
@@ -129,52 +119,6 @@
     const sp<IComposerClient> mClient;
 };
 
-class AccessRegion {
-  public:
-    int32_t left;
-    int32_t top;
-    int32_t width;
-    int32_t height;
-};
-
-class Gralloc;
-
-// RAII wrapper around native_handle_t*
-class NativeHandleWrapper {
-  public:
-    NativeHandleWrapper(Gralloc& gralloc, const native_handle_t* handle)
-        : mGralloc(gralloc), mHandle(handle) {}
-
-    ~NativeHandleWrapper();
-
-    const native_handle_t* get() { return mHandle; }
-
-  private:
-    Gralloc& mGralloc;
-    const native_handle_t* mHandle;
-};
-
-class Gralloc {
-  public:
-    explicit Gralloc();
-
-    const NativeHandleWrapper allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount,
-                                       PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage, bool import = true,
-                                       uint32_t* outStride = nullptr);
-
-    void* lock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint64_t cpuUsage,
-               const AccessRegion& accessRegionRect, int acquireFence);
-
-    int unlock(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle);
-
-    void freeBuffer(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle);
-
-  protected:
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc2> mGralloc2 = nullptr;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc3> mGralloc3 = nullptr;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc4> mGralloc4 = nullptr;
-};
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_1
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 0f6d7e8..0706341 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
     ],
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp"],
@@ -38,22 +37,12 @@
         "libbinder_ndk",
         "libfmq",
         "libsync",
+        "libui",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
     ],
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
index 9444d89..b67cfc2 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.1/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_1TargetTest.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@
 #include <hardware/hwcomposer2.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/3.0/MapperVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/4.0/MapperVts.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -52,7 +50,6 @@
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Dataspace;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat;
 using android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::Transform;
-using GrallocError = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::Error;
 
 class GraphicsComposerHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
@@ -651,7 +648,6 @@
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::SetUp());
 
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
         Config activeConfig = mComposerClient->getActiveConfig(mPrimaryDisplay);
         mDisplayWidth = mComposerClient->getDisplayAttribute(mPrimaryDisplay, activeConfig,
                                                              IComposerClient::Attribute::WIDTH);
@@ -666,13 +662,17 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate() { return allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight); }
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate() { return allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight); }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
-        uint64_t usage =
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> allocate(int32_t width, int32_t height) {
+        auto result = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+                width, height, static_cast<int32_t>(PixelFormat::RGBA_8888), /*layerCount*/ 1,
                 static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN |
-                                      BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY);
-        return mGralloc->allocate(width, height, 1, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, usage);
+                                      BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY));
+        if (result->initCheck() != STATUS_OK) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return result;
     }
 
     void execute() { mComposerClient->execute(mReader.get(), mWriter.get()); }
@@ -681,9 +681,6 @@
     std::unique_ptr<TestCommandReader> mReader;
     int32_t mDisplayWidth;
     int32_t mDisplayHeight;
-
-   private:
-     std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -729,11 +726,11 @@
         display = mComposerClient->createVirtualDisplay(64, 64, PixelFormat::IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED,
                                                         kBufferSlotCount, &format));
 
-    std::unique_ptr<NativeHandleWrapper> handle;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(handle.reset(new NativeHandleWrapper(allocate())));
+    auto handle = allocate();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(handle);
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(display);
-    mWriter->setOutputBuffer(0, handle->get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setOutputBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     execute();
 }
 
@@ -802,7 +799,7 @@
     mWriter->setLayerZOrder(10);
     mWriter->setLayerBlendMode(IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE);
     mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, displayFrame));
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
 
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
@@ -820,7 +817,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     auto handle2 = allocate();
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle2.get());
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle2.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle2->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerSurfaceDamage(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, {0, 0, 10, 10}));
     mWriter->presentDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -840,7 +837,7 @@
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::CURSOR);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
     mWriter->setLayerPlaneAlpha(1);
@@ -881,7 +878,7 @@
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle->handle, -1);
     execute();
 }
 
@@ -905,7 +902,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle1.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, handle1->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -928,7 +925,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, handle2.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, handle2->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -951,7 +948,7 @@
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerCompositionType(IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
     mWriter->setLayerDisplayFrame(displayFrame);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(2, handle3.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(2, handle3->handle, -1);
     mWriter->setLayerDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     mWriter->validateDisplay();
     execute();
@@ -968,10 +965,10 @@
     // Ensure we can clear multiple buffer slots and then restore the active buffer at the end
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, clearSlotBuffer.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, clearSlotBuffer->handle, -1);
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, clearSlotBuffer.get(), -1);
+    mWriter->setLayerBuffer(1, clearSlotBuffer->handle, -1);
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
     mWriter->setLayerBuffer(2, nullptr, -1);
@@ -1113,7 +1110,7 @@
 
     mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
     mWriter->selectLayer(layer);
-    mWriter->setLayerSidebandStream(handle.get());
+    mWriter->setLayerSidebandStream(handle->handle);
     execute();
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
index d11592f..a923923 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
         "librenderengine_deps",
@@ -42,7 +41,6 @@
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
         "libarect",
         "libgtest",
         "libmath",
@@ -50,15 +48,10 @@
         "librenderengine",
         "libshaders",
         "libtonemap",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
     ],
     header_libs: [
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-command-buffer",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
index d4f0281..d041064 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ComposerVts.cpp
@@ -179,66 +179,6 @@
     return matrix;
 }
 
-Gralloc::Gralloc() {
-    [this] {
-        ALOGD("Attempting to initialize gralloc4");
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc4 = std::make_shared<Gralloc4>(
-                                        /*aidlAllocatorServiceName*/ IAllocator::descriptor +
-                                                std::string("/default"),
-                                        /*hidlAllocatorServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*mapperServiceName*/ "default",
-                                        /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-        if (mGralloc4->getMapper() == nullptr || !mGralloc4->hasAllocator()) {
-            mGralloc4 = nullptr;
-            ALOGD("Failed to initialize gralloc4, initializing gralloc3");
-            ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc3 = std::make_shared<Gralloc3>("default", "default",
-                                                                           /*errOnFailure=*/false));
-            if (mGralloc3->getMapper() == nullptr || mGralloc3->getAllocator() == nullptr) {
-                mGralloc3 = nullptr;
-                ALOGD("Failed to initialize gralloc3, initializing gralloc2_1");
-                mGralloc2_1 = std::make_shared<Gralloc2_1>(/*errOnFailure*/ false);
-                if (!mGralloc2_1->getMapper()) {
-                    mGralloc2_1 = nullptr;
-                    ALOGD("Failed to initialize gralloc2_1, initializing gralloc2");
-                    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc2 = std::make_shared<Gralloc2>());
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }();
-}
-
-bool Gralloc::validateBufferSize(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint32_t width,
-                                 uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount, PixelFormat format,
-                                 uint64_t usage, uint32_t stride) {
-    if (mGralloc4) {
-        IMapper4::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        return mGralloc4->validateBufferSize(bufferHandle, info, stride);
-    } else if (mGralloc3) {
-        IMapper3::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_2::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        return mGralloc3->validateBufferSize(bufferHandle, info, stride);
-    } else if (mGralloc2_1) {
-        IMapper2_1::BufferDescriptorInfo info{};
-        info.width = width;
-        info.height = height;
-        info.layerCount = layerCount;
-        info.format = static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_1::PixelFormat>(format);
-        info.usage = usage;
-        return mGralloc2_1->validateBufferSize(bufferHandle, info, stride);
-    } else {
-        return true;
-    }
-}
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_2
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
index a1794af..9ba34f1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
@@ -187,12 +187,11 @@
 }
 
 ReadbackBuffer::ReadbackBuffer(Display display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                               const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc, uint32_t width,
-                               uint32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat, Dataspace dataspace) {
+                               uint32_t width, uint32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat,
+                               Dataspace dataspace) {
     mDisplay = display;
 
     mComposerClient = client;
-    mGralloc = gralloc;
 
     mPixelFormat = pixelFormat;
     mDataspace = dataspace;
@@ -202,20 +201,12 @@
     mLayerCount = 1;
     mFormat = mPixelFormat;
     mUsage = static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE);
-
-    mAccessRegion.top = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.left = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.width = width;
-    mAccessRegion.height = height;
 }
 
 void ReadbackBuffer::setReadbackBuffer() {
-    mBufferHandle.reset(new Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper(
-            mGralloc->allocate(mWidth, mHeight, mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage,
-                               /*import*/ true, &mStride)));
-    ASSERT_NE(false, mGralloc->validateBufferSize(mBufferHandle->get(), mWidth, mHeight,
-                                                  mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage, mStride));
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mDisplay, mBufferHandle->get(), -1));
+    mBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mWidth, mHeight, (int32_t)mFormat, mLayerCount, mUsage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->initCheck());
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mDisplay, mBuffer->handle, -1));
 }
 
 void ReadbackBuffer::checkReadbackBuffer(std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors) {
@@ -223,15 +214,14 @@
     int32_t fenceHandle;
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->getReadbackBufferFence(mDisplay, &fenceHandle));
 
-    void* bufData = mGralloc->lock(mBufferHandle->get(), mUsage, mAccessRegion, fenceHandle);
+    void* bufData = nullptr;
+    int32_t stride = mBuffer->stride;
+    status_t status = mBuffer->lockAsync(mUsage, &bufData, fenceHandle);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
     ASSERT_TRUE(mPixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGB_888 || mPixelFormat == PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
-    ReadbackHelper::compareColorBuffers(expectedColors, bufData, mStride, mWidth, mHeight,
+    ReadbackHelper::compareColorBuffers(expectedColors, bufData, stride, mWidth, mHeight,
                                         mPixelFormat);
-    int32_t unlockFence = mGralloc->unlock(mBufferHandle->get());
-    if (unlockFence != -1) {
-        sync_wait(unlockFence, -1);
-        close(unlockFence);
-    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->unlock());
 }
 
 void TestColorLayer::write(const std::shared_ptr<CommandWriterBase>& writer) {
@@ -251,12 +241,10 @@
 }
 
 TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                                 const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc,
                                  TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, Display display, int32_t width,
                                  int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
                                  IComposerClient::Composition composition)
     : TestLayer{client, display}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
-    mGralloc = gralloc;
     mComposition = composition;
     mWidth = width;
     mHeight = height;
@@ -265,11 +253,6 @@
     mUsage = static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN |
                                    BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::GPU_TEXTURE);
 
-    mAccessRegion.top = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.left = 0;
-    mAccessRegion.width = width;
-    mAccessRegion.height = height;
-
     setSourceCrop({0, 0, (float)width, (float)height});
 }
 
@@ -277,15 +260,13 @@
     TestLayer::write(writer);
     writer->setLayerCompositionType(mComposition);
     writer->setLayerVisibleRegion(std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, mDisplayFrame));
-    if (mBufferHandle != nullptr) writer->setLayerBuffer(0, mBufferHandle->get(), mFillFence);
+    if (mBuffer) writer->setLayerBuffer(0, mBuffer->handle, -1);
 }
 
 LayerSettings TestBufferLayer::toRenderEngineLayerSettings() {
     LayerSettings layerSettings = TestLayer::toRenderEngineLayerSettings();
     layerSettings.source.buffer.buffer = std::make_shared<renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture>(
-            new GraphicBuffer(mBufferHandle->get(), GraphicBuffer::CLONE_HANDLE, mWidth, mHeight,
-                              static_cast<int32_t>(mFormat), 1, mUsage, mStride),
-            mRenderEngine.getInternalRenderEngine(),
+            mBuffer, mRenderEngine.getInternalRenderEngine(),
             renderengine::impl::ExternalTexture::Usage::READABLE);
 
     layerSettings.source.buffer.usePremultipliedAlpha =
@@ -304,24 +285,18 @@
 }
 
 void TestBufferLayer::fillBuffer(std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors) {
-    void* bufData = mGralloc->lock(mBufferHandle->get(), mUsage, mAccessRegion, -1);
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
-            ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(mWidth, mHeight, mStride, bufData, mFormat, expectedColors));
-    mFillFence = mGralloc->unlock(mBufferHandle->get());
-    if (mFillFence != -1) {
-        sync_wait(mFillFence, -1);
-        close(mFillFence);
-    }
+    void* bufData = nullptr;
+    status_t status = mBuffer->lock(mUsage, &bufData);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, status);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(mWidth, mHeight, mBuffer->stride, bufData,
+                                                       mFormat, expectedColors));
+    EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->unlock());
 }
 
 void TestBufferLayer::setBuffer(std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> colors) {
-    mBufferHandle.reset(new Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper(
-            mGralloc->allocate(mWidth, mHeight, mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage,
-                               /*import*/ true, &mStride)));
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, mBufferHandle->get());
+    mBuffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mWidth, mHeight, (int32_t)mFormat, mLayerCount, mUsage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, mBuffer->initCheck());
     ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(fillBuffer(colors));
-    ASSERT_NE(false, mGralloc->validateBufferSize(mBufferHandle->get(), mWidth, mHeight,
-                                                  mLayerCount, mFormat, mUsage, mStride));
 }
 
 void TestBufferLayer::setDataspace(Dataspace dataspace,
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
index 1700b2a..62974f8 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/RenderEngineVts.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 namespace V2_2 {
 namespace vts {
 
-using mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 using renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h
index 02d7bdb..3e26d94 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer/2.2/IComposerClient.h>
 #include <composer-command-buffer/2.2/ComposerCommandBuffer.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/ComposerVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.1/MapperVts.h>
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -41,14 +40,6 @@
 using common::V1_1::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
 using common::V1_1::RenderIntent;
-using IMapper2_1 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
-using IMapper3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::IMapper;
-using IMapper4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::IMapper;
-using Gralloc2 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc2_1 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V2_1::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc3 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V3_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using Gralloc4 = android::hardware::graphics::mapper::V4_0::vts::Gralloc;
-using IAllocator = aidl::android::hardware::graphics::allocator::IAllocator;
 
 class ComposerClient;
 
@@ -92,28 +83,6 @@
     const sp<IComposerClient> mClient;
 };
 
-class Gralloc : public V2_1::vts::Gralloc {
-  public:
-    using NativeHandleWrapper = V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
-
-    Gralloc();
-    const NativeHandleWrapper allocate(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t layerCount,
-                                       PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage, bool import = true,
-                                       uint32_t* outStride = nullptr) {
-        return V2_1::vts::Gralloc::allocate(
-                width, height, layerCount,
-                static_cast<android::hardware::graphics::common::V1_0::PixelFormat>(format), usage,
-                import, outStride);
-    }
-
-    bool validateBufferSize(const native_handle_t* bufferHandle, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                            uint32_t layerCount, PixelFormat format, uint64_t usage,
-                            uint32_t stride);
-
-  protected:
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc2_1> mGralloc2_1 = nullptr;
-};
-
 }  // namespace vts
 }  // namespace V2_2
 }  // namespace composer
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
index 58efde9..aa6932a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/ReadbackVts.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/GraphicsComposerCallback.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.1/MapperVts.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -38,12 +37,9 @@
 using common::V1_1::BufferUsage;
 using common::V1_1::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
-using IMapper2_1 = mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
-using Gralloc2_1 = mapper::V2_1::vts::Gralloc;
 using renderengine::LayerSettings;
 using V2_1::Display;
 using V2_1::Layer;
-using V2_1::vts::AccessRegion;
 using V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader;
 
 static const IComposerClient::Color BLACK = {0, 0, 0, 0xff};
@@ -113,9 +109,8 @@
 class TestBufferLayer : public TestLayer {
   public:
     TestBufferLayer(
-            const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc,
-            TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, Display display, int32_t width, int32_t height,
-            PixelFormat format,
+            const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, TestRenderEngine& renderEngine,
+            Display display, int32_t width, int32_t height, PixelFormat format,
             IComposerClient::Composition composition = IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
 
     void write(const std::shared_ptr<CommandWriterBase>& writer) override;
@@ -135,15 +130,11 @@
     uint32_t mLayerCount;
     PixelFormat mFormat;
     uint64_t mUsage;
-    AccessRegion mAccessRegion;
-    uint32_t mStride;
 
   protected:
     IComposerClient::Composition mComposition;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     TestRenderEngine& mRenderEngine;
-    int32_t mFillFence;
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper> mBufferHandle;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
 };
 
 class ReadbackHelper {
@@ -179,9 +170,8 @@
 
 class ReadbackBuffer {
   public:
-    ReadbackBuffer(Display display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client,
-                   const std::shared_ptr<Gralloc>& gralloc, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
-                   PixelFormat pixelFormat, Dataspace dataspace);
+    ReadbackBuffer(Display display, const std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient>& client, uint32_t width,
+                   uint32_t height, PixelFormat pixelFormat, Dataspace dataspace);
 
     void setReadbackBuffer();
 
@@ -193,13 +183,10 @@
     uint32_t mLayerCount;
     PixelFormat mFormat;
     uint64_t mUsage;
-    AccessRegion mAccessRegion;
-    uint32_t mStride;
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc::NativeHandleWrapper> mBufferHandle = nullptr;
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> mBuffer;
     PixelFormat mPixelFormat;
     Dataspace mDataspace;
     Display mDisplay;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     std::shared_ptr<ComposerClient> mComposerClient;
 };
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
index 26027d3..09b89ff 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/utils/vts/include/composer-vts/2.2/RenderEngineVts.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -34,10 +33,8 @@
 namespace V2_2 {
 namespace vts {
 
-using mapper::V2_1::IMapper;
 using renderengine::DisplaySettings;
 using renderengine::RenderEngineCreationArgs;
-using vts::Gralloc;
 
 class TestRenderEngine {
   public:
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 3476376..a781712 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer3-ndk_static",
         "librenderengine_deps",
     ],
@@ -54,24 +53,13 @@
         "libsync",
         "libui",
         "android.hardware.common-V2-ndk",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@3.0",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator@4.0",
         "android.hardware.graphics.common@1.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.1-vts",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2",
         "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.2-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.1-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@3.0-vts",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.mapper@4.0-vts",
         "libaidlcommonsupport",
         "libgtest",
         "librenderengine",
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
index e2a0f4d..fa1d588 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>
@@ -45,9 +44,7 @@
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
 using V2_1::Config;
 using V2_1::Display;
-using V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
 using V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader;
-using vts::Gralloc;
 
 class GraphicsCompositionTestBase : public ::testing::Test {
   protected:
@@ -79,7 +76,6 @@
         // set up command writer/reader and gralloc
         mWriter = std::make_shared<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
         mReader = std::make_unique<TestCommandReader>();
-        mGralloc = std::make_shared<Gralloc>();
 
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(mPrimaryDisplay, PowerMode::ON));
 
@@ -143,7 +139,6 @@
     std::vector<ColorMode> mTestColorModes;
     std::shared_ptr<CommandWriterBase> mWriter;
     std::unique_ptr<TestCommandReader> mReader;
-    std::shared_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
     std::unique_ptr<TestRenderEngine> mTestRenderEngine;
 
     bool mHasReadbackBuffer;
@@ -220,7 +215,7 @@
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, coloredSquare, BLUE);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -272,7 +267,7 @@
 
         mWriter->selectDisplay(mPrimaryDisplay);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
@@ -285,9 +280,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -352,15 +347,16 @@
         // This following buffer call should have no effect
         uint64_t usage =
                 static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN);
-        NativeHandleWrapper bufferHandle =
-                mGralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, 1, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, usage);
-        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, bufferHandle.get(), -1);
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(
+                mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, (int32_t)PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, 1, usage);
+        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, buffer->initCheck());
+        mWriter->setLayerBuffer(0, buffer->handle, -1);
 
         // expected color for each pixel
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, coloredSquare, BLUE);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -419,16 +415,16 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
 
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>> layers = {layer};
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(layers);
@@ -462,25 +458,20 @@
             }
 
             // create client target buffer
-            uint32_t clientStride;
-            NativeHandleWrapper clientBufferHandle =
-                    mGralloc->allocate(layer->mWidth, layer->mHeight, layer->mLayerCount,
-                                       clientFormat, clientUsage, /*import*/ true, &clientStride);
-            ASSERT_NE(nullptr, clientBufferHandle.get());
+            sp<GraphicBuffer> clientBuffer =
+                    sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(layer->mWidth, layer->mHeight, (int32_t)clientFormat,
+                                            layer->mLayerCount, clientUsage);
+            ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->initCheck());
 
-            void* clientBufData =
-                    mGralloc->lock(clientBufferHandle.get(), clientUsage, layer->mAccessRegion, -1);
+            void* clientBufData = nullptr;
+            ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->lock(clientUsage, &clientBufData));
 
             ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(layer->mWidth, layer->mHeight,
-                                                               clientStride, clientBufData,
+                                                               clientBuffer->stride, clientBufData,
                                                                clientFormat, expectedColors));
-            int clientFence = mGralloc->unlock(clientBufferHandle.get());
-            if (clientFence != -1) {
-                sync_wait(clientFence, -1);
-                close(clientFence);
-            }
+            clientBuffer->unlock();
 
-            mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBufferHandle.get(), clientFence, clientDataspace,
+            mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBuffer->handle, -1, clientDataspace,
                                      std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, damage));
 
             layer->setToClientComposition(mWriter);
@@ -531,12 +522,12 @@
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth,
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}, RED);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
         auto deviceLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
                 mDisplayHeight / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> deviceColors(deviceLayer->mWidth *
                                                          deviceLayer->mHeight);
@@ -573,8 +564,8 @@
         }
 
         auto clientLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, clientWidth,
-                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, clientWidth, clientHeight,
+                PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, IComposerClient::Composition::DEVICE);
         IComposerClient::Rect clientFrame = {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight};
         clientLayer->setDisplayFrame(clientFrame);
         clientLayer->setZOrder(0);
@@ -590,27 +581,22 @@
         }
         // create client target buffer
         ASSERT_EQ(1, mReader->mCompositionChanges[0].second);
-        uint32_t clientStride;
-        NativeHandleWrapper clientBufferHandle =
-                mGralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, clientLayer->mLayerCount,
-                                   clientFormat, clientUsage, /*import*/ true, &clientStride);
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, clientBufferHandle.get());
+        sp<GraphicBuffer> clientBuffer =
+                sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, (int32_t)clientFormat,
+                                        clientLayer->mLayerCount, clientUsage);
+        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->initCheck());
 
-        void* clientBufData = mGralloc->lock(clientBufferHandle.get(), clientUsage,
-                                             {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}, -1);
+        void* clientBufData = nullptr;
+        ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->lock(clientUsage, &clientBufData));
 
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> clientColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(clientColors, mDisplayWidth, clientFrame, RED);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(ReadbackHelper::fillBuffer(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
-                                                           clientStride, clientBufData,
+                                                           clientBuffer->stride, clientBufData,
                                                            clientFormat, clientColors));
-        int clientFence = mGralloc->unlock(clientBufferHandle.get());
-        if (clientFence != -1) {
-            sync_wait(clientFence, -1);
-            close(clientFence);
-        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(STATUS_OK, clientBuffer->unlock());
 
-        mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBufferHandle.get(), clientFence, clientDataspace,
+        mWriter->setClientTarget(0, clientBuffer->handle, -1, clientDataspace,
                                  std::vector<IComposerClient::Rect>(1, clientFrame));
         clientLayer->setToClientComposition(mWriter);
         mWriter->validateDisplay();
@@ -655,9 +641,9 @@
         std::vector<IComposerClient::Color> expectedColors(mDisplayWidth * mDisplayHeight);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, redRect, RED);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -665,7 +651,7 @@
 
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>> layers = {layer};
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -742,7 +728,7 @@
 
         std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TestLayer>> layers = {layer};
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
 
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
@@ -803,9 +789,9 @@
                                        {0, mDisplayHeight / 2, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight},
                                        BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode), mWriter);
@@ -819,7 +805,7 @@
         // update expected colors to match crop
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth,
                                        {0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight}, BLUE);
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(layers);
@@ -886,7 +872,7 @@
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, blueRect, BLUE);
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, mDisplayWidth, redRect, RED);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -955,9 +941,9 @@
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
         backgroundLayer->setColor(mBackgroundColor);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
-                mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine, mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
-                mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
+                                                       mPrimaryDisplay, mDisplayWidth,
+                                                       mDisplayHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN, mWriter);
@@ -1043,7 +1029,7 @@
         setUpLayers(IComposerClient::BlendMode::NONE);
         setExpectedColors(expectedColors);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
@@ -1102,7 +1088,7 @@
         setUpLayers(IComposerClient::BlendMode::COVERAGE);
         setExpectedColors(expectedColors);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
@@ -1153,7 +1139,7 @@
         setUpLayers(IComposerClient::BlendMode::PREMULTIPLIED);
         setExpectedColors(expectedColors);
 
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         writeLayers(mLayers);
@@ -1193,7 +1179,7 @@
         IComposerClient::Rect blueRect = {mSideLength / 2, mSideLength / 2, mSideLength,
                                           mSideLength};
 
-        mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, mGralloc, *mTestRenderEngine,
+        mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
                                                    mPrimaryDisplay, mSideLength, mSideLength,
                                                    PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mSideLength, mSideLength});
@@ -1236,7 +1222,7 @@
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Readback not supported or unsupported pixelFormat/dataspace";
             return;
         }
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
         mLayer->setTransform(Transform::FLIP_H);
@@ -1291,7 +1277,7 @@
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Readback not supported or unsupported pixelFormat/dataspace";
             return;
         }
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
@@ -1346,7 +1332,7 @@
             GTEST_SUCCEED() << "Readback not supported or unsupported pixelFormat/dataspace";
             return;
         }
-        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mGralloc, mDisplayWidth,
+        ReadbackBuffer readbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, mComposerClient, mDisplayWidth,
                                       mDisplayHeight, mPixelFormat, mDataspace);
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(readbackBuffer.setReadbackBuffer());
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp
index 13ae089..2bd287b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.2/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_2TargetTest.cpp
@@ -18,14 +18,13 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android/hardware/graphics/mapper/2.0/IMapper.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/GraphicsComposerCallback.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.1/TestCommandReader.h>
 #include <composer-vts/2.2/ComposerVts.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hidl/GtestPrinter.h>
 #include <hidl/ServiceManagement.h>
-#include <mapper-vts/2.0/MapperVts.h>
+#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace hardware {
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@
 using common::V1_1::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_1::PixelFormat;
 using common::V1_1::RenderIntent;
-using V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
 
 class GraphicsComposerHidlTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
   protected:
@@ -141,8 +139,6 @@
     void SetUp() override {
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::SetUp());
 
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(mGralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-
         mWriter = std::make_unique<CommandWriterBase>(1024);
         mReader = std::make_unique<V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader>();
     }
@@ -152,20 +148,10 @@
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerHidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
-    NativeHandleWrapper allocate() {
-        uint64_t usage =
-                static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
-        return mGralloc->allocate(/*width*/ 64, /*height*/ 64, /*layerCount*/ 1,
-                                  PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, usage);
-    }
-
     void execute() { mComposerClient->execute(mReader.get(), mWriter.get()); }
 
     std::unique_ptr<CommandWriterBase> mWriter;
     std::unique_ptr<V2_1::vts::TestCommandReader> mReader;
-
-   private:
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> mGralloc;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -437,13 +423,11 @@
     uint64_t usage =
             static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> gralloc;
-    std::unique_ptr<NativeHandleWrapper> buffer;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer.reset(new NativeHandleWrapper(
-            gralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, 1, mReadbackPixelFormat, usage))));
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
+                                                       (int32_t)mReadbackPixelFormat, 1, usage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, buffer->initCheck());
 
-    mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, buffer->get(), -1);
+    mComposerClient->setReadbackBuffer(mPrimaryDisplay, buffer->handle, -1);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -460,14 +444,12 @@
     uint64_t usage =
             static_cast<uint64_t>(BufferUsage::COMPOSER_OVERLAY | BufferUsage::CPU_READ_OFTEN);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Gralloc> gralloc;
-    std::unique_ptr<NativeHandleWrapper> buffer;
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(gralloc = std::make_unique<Gralloc>());
-    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(buffer.reset(new NativeHandleWrapper(
-            gralloc->allocate(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight, 1, mReadbackPixelFormat, usage))));
+    sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer = sp<GraphicBuffer>::make(mDisplayWidth, mDisplayHeight,
+                                                       (int32_t)mReadbackPixelFormat, 1, usage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(STATUS_OK, buffer->initCheck());
 
-    Error error =
-            mComposerClient->getRaw()->setReadbackBuffer(mInvalidDisplayId, buffer->get(), nullptr);
+    Error error = mComposerClient->getRaw()->setReadbackBuffer(mInvalidDisplayId, buffer->handle,
+                                                               nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(Error::BAD_DISPLAY, error);
 }
 
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp
index b372804..99429db 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.3-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
index f84775e..0d3c27d 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.3/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
     ],
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_3TargetTest.cpp"],
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp
index d2b2ffa..c39b5eb1 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/utils/vts/Android.bp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@
 cc_library_static {
     name: "android.hardware.graphics.composer@2.4-vts",
     defaults: [
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
         "hidl_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
index 0e53cbe..52624b4 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/Android.bp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     name: "VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest",
     defaults: [
         "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
-        "android.hardware.graphics.allocator-ndk_static",
     ],
     tidy_timeout_srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp"],
     srcs: ["VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp"],
diff --git a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
index 956c762..7ae917b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/2.4/vts/functional/VtsHalGraphicsComposerV2_4TargetTest.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@
 using common::V1_2::Dataspace;
 using common::V1_2::PixelFormat;
 using V2_1::Layer;
-using V2_1::vts::NativeHandleWrapper;
 using V2_2::Transform;
 
 using ContentType = IComposerClient::ContentType;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
index 69f7ab4..612f0ea 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/RenderEngineVts.h
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <renderengine/ExternalTexture.h>
 #include <renderengine/RenderEngine.h>
 #include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
-#include <ui/GraphicBufferAllocator.h>
 #include <ui/PixelFormat.h>
 #include <ui/Rect.h>
 #include <ui/Region.h>