diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/Android.bp b/secure_element/aidl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a529a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.hardware.secure_element",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    srcs: ["android/hardware/secure_element/*.aidl"],
+    stability: "vintf",
+    backend: {
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        java: {
+            sdk_version: "system_current",
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest",
+    defaults: [
+        "VtsHalTargetTestDefaults",
+        "use_libaidlvintf_gtest_helper_static",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "android.hardware.secure_element-V1-ndk",
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
+    test_suites: [
+        "general-tests",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fba29ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElement {
+  void closeChannel(in byte channelNumber);
+  byte[] getAtr();
+  void init(in android.hardware.secure_element.ISecureElementCallback clientCallback);
+  boolean isCardPresent();
+  byte[] openBasicChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+  android.hardware.secure_element.LogicalChannelResponse openLogicalChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+  void reset();
+  byte[] transmit(in byte[] data);
+  const int FAILED = 1;
+  const int CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE = 2;
+  const int NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR = 3;
+  const int UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION = 4;
+  const int IOERROR = 5;
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c2be2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElementCallback {
+  void onStateChange(in boolean connected, in String debugReason);
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e7f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/aidl_api/android.hardware.secure_element/current/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// THIS FILE IS IMMUTABLE. DO NOT EDIT IN ANY CASE.                          //
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This file is a snapshot of an AIDL file. Do not edit it manually. There are
+// two cases:
+// 1). this is a frozen version file - do not edit this in any case.
+// 2). this is a 'current' file. If you make a backwards compatible change to
+//     the interface (from the latest frozen version), the build system will
+//     prompt you to update this file with `m <name>-update-api`.
+//
+// You must not make a backward incompatible change to any AIDL file built
+// with the aidl_interface module type with versions property set. The module
+// type is used to build AIDL files in a way that they can be used across
+// independently updatable components of the system. If a device is shipped
+// with such a backward incompatible change, it has a high risk of breaking
+// later when a module using the interface is updated, e.g., Mainline modules.
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+@VintfStability
+parcelable LogicalChannelResponse {
+  byte channelNumber;
+  byte[] selectResponse;
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c5a704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+
+import android.hardware.secure_element.ISecureElementCallback;
+import android.hardware.secure_element.LogicalChannelResponse;
+
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElement {
+    const int FAILED = 1;
+    const int CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE = 2;
+    const int NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR = 3;
+    const int UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION = 4;
+    const int IOERROR = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * Closes the channel indicated by the channelNumber.
+     *
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException Closing a channel must return
+     *     FAILED on an error or if a basic channel (i.e. channel 0)
+     *     is used.
+     *
+     * @param channelNumber to be closed
+     */
+    void closeChannel(in byte channelNumber);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns Answer to Reset as per ISO/IEC 7816
+     *
+     * @return containing the response. Empty vector if Secure Element
+     *                  doesn't support ATR.
+     */
+    byte[] getAtr();
+
+    /**
+     * Initializes the Secure Element. This may include updating the applet
+     * and/or vendor-specific initialization.
+     *
+     * HAL service must send onStateChange() with connected equal to true
+     * after all the initialization has been successfully completed.
+     * Clients must wait for a onStateChange(true) before opening channels.
+     *
+     * @param clientCallback callback used to sent status of the SE back to the
+     *                       client
+     */
+    void init(in ISecureElementCallback clientCallback);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current state of the card.
+     *
+     * This is useful for removable Secure Elements like UICC,
+     * Secure Elements on SD cards etc.
+     *
+     * @return true if present, false otherwise
+     */
+    boolean isCardPresent();
+
+    /**
+     * Opens a basic channel with the Secure Element, selecting the applet
+     * represented by the Application ID (AID). A basic channel has channel
+     * number 0.
+     *
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException with codes
+     *  - CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE if secure element has reached the maximum
+     *    limit on the number of channels it can support.
+     *  - NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR if AID provided doesn't match any applet
+     *    on the secure element.
+     *  - UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if operation provided by the P2 parameter
+     *    is not permitted by the applet.
+     *  - IOERROR if there was an error communicating with the Secure Element.
+     *
+     * @param aid AID to uniquely identify the applet on the Secure Element
+     * @param p2 P2 parameter of SELECT APDU as per ISO 7816-4
+     *
+     * @return On success, response to SELECT command.
+     */
+    byte[] openBasicChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+
+    /**
+     * Opens a logical channel with the Secure Element, selecting the applet
+     * represented by the Application ID (AID).
+     *
+     * @param aid AID to uniquely identify the applet on the Secure Element
+     * @param p2 P2 parameter of SELECT APDU as per ISO 7816-4
+     * @throws ServiceSpecificException on error with the following code:
+     *  - CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE if secure element has reached the maximum
+     *    limit on the number of channels it can support.
+     *  - NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR if AID provided doesn't match any applet
+     *    on the secure element.
+     *  - UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION if operation provided by the P2 parameter
+     *    is not permitted by the applet.
+     *  - IOERROR if there was an error communicating with the Secure Element.
+     *
+     * @return On success, response to SELECT command
+     */
+    LogicalChannelResponse openLogicalChannel(in byte[] aid, in byte p2);
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the Secure Element.
+     *
+     * HAL should trigger reset to the secure element. It could hardware power cycle or
+     * a soft reset depends on the hardware design.
+     * HAL service must send onStateChange() with connected equal to true
+     * after resetting and all the re-initialization has been successfully completed.
+     */
+    void reset();
+
+    /**
+     * Transmits an APDU command (as per ISO/IEC 7816) to the SE.
+     *
+     * @param data APDU command to be sent
+     * @return response to the command
+     */
+    byte[] transmit(in byte[] data);
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d15a7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElementCallback.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+
+@VintfStability
+interface ISecureElementCallback {
+    /**
+     * Used to inform the client about changes in the state of the Secure
+     * Element.
+     *
+     * @param connected indicates the current state of the SE
+     * @param reason provides additional data why there was a change in state
+     *               ex. initialization error, SE removed etc
+     *               This is used only for debugging purpose to understand
+     *               in-field issues.
+     */
+    void onStateChange(in boolean connected, in String debugReason);
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ea71e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/LogicalChannelResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.hardware.secure_element;
+
+@VintfStability
+parcelable LogicalChannelResponse {
+    /**
+     * Channel number to uniquely identify the channel
+     */
+    byte channelNumber;
+    /**
+     * Response to SELECT command as per ISO/IEC 7816
+     */
+    byte[] selectResponse;
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp b/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c604b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+cc_binary {
+    name: "android.hardware.secure_element-service.example",
+    relative_install_path: "hw",
+    vendor: true,
+    init_rc: ["secure_element.rc"],
+    vintf_fragments: ["secure_element.xml"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder_ndk",
+        "android.hardware.secure_element-V1-ndk",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "main.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/main.cpp b/secure_element/aidl/default/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16b8236
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/BnSecureElement.h>
+
+#include <android-base/hex.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::BnSecureElement;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::ISecureElementCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::LogicalChannelResponse;
+using android::base::HexString;
+using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kAndroidTestAid = {0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x76, 0x41,
+                                                     0x6E, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x64,
+                                                     0x43, 0x54, 0x53, 0x31};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kLongAndroidTestAid = {0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x76, 0x41,
+                                                         0x6E, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x64,
+                                                         0x43, 0x54, 0x53, 0x32};
+
+class MySecureElement : public BnSecureElement {
+  public:
+    ScopedAStatus closeChannel(int8_t channelNumber) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " channel number: " << channelNumber;
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus getAtr(std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__;
+        _aidl_return->clear();
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus init(const std::shared_ptr<ISecureElementCallback>& clientCallback) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " callback: " << clientCallback.get();
+        if (!clientCallback) {
+            return ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_NULL_POINTER);
+        }
+        mCb = clientCallback;
+        mCb->onStateChange(true, "");
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus isCardPresent(bool* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__;
+        *_aidl_return = true;
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus openBasicChannel(const std::vector<uint8_t>& aid, int8_t p2,
+                                   std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " aid: " << HexString(aid.data(), aid.size()) << " (" << aid.size()
+                  << ") p2 " << p2;
+
+        // TODO(b/123254068) - this is not an implementation of the OMAPI protocol or APDU.
+        // The functionality here is enough to exercise the framework, but actual
+        // calls to the secure element will fail. This implementation does not model
+        // channel isolation or any other aspects important to implementing secure element.
+        *_aidl_return = {0x90, 0x00, 0x00};  // DO NOT COPY
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus openLogicalChannel(
+            const std::vector<uint8_t>& aid, int8_t p2,
+            ::aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::LogicalChannelResponse* _aidl_return)
+            override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " aid: " << HexString(aid.data(), aid.size()) << " (" << aid.size()
+                  << ") p2 " << p2;
+
+        if (aid != kAndroidTestAid && aid != kLongAndroidTestAid) {
+            return ScopedAStatus::fromServiceSpecificError(NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR);
+        }
+
+        *_aidl_return = LogicalChannelResponse{.channelNumber = 1, .selectResponse = {}};
+
+        // TODO(b/123254068) - this is not an implementation of the OMAPI protocol or APDU.
+        // The functionality here is enough to exercise the framework, but actual
+        // calls to the secure element will fail. This implementation does not model
+        // channel isolation or any other aspects important to implementing secure element.
+        if (aid == kAndroidTestAid) {                                 // DO NOT COPY
+            size_t size = 2050;                                       // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse.resize(size);                // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse[size - 1] = 0x00;            // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse[size - 2] = 0x90;            // DO NOT COPY
+        } else {                                                      // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->selectResponse = {0x00, 0x00, 0x90, 0x00};  // DO NOT COPY
+        }                                                             // DO NOT COPY
+
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " sending response: "
+                  << HexString(_aidl_return->selectResponse.data(),
+                               _aidl_return->selectResponse.size());
+
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus reset() override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__;
+        mCb->onStateChange(false, "reset");
+        mCb->onStateChange(true, "reset");
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+    ScopedAStatus transmit(const std::vector<uint8_t>& data,
+                           std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return) override {
+        LOG(INFO) << __func__ << " data: " << HexString(data.data(), data.size()) << " ("
+                  << data.size() << ")";
+
+        // TODO(b/123254068) - this is not an implementation of the OMAPI protocol or APDU.
+        // The functionality here is enough to exercise the framework, but actual
+        // calls to the secure element will fail. This implementation does not model
+        // channel isolation or any other aspects important to implementing secure element.
+
+        std::string hex = HexString(data.data(), data.size());                    // DO NOT COPY
+        if (hex == "01a4040210a000000476416e64726f696443545331") {                // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x00, 0x6A, 0x00};                                   // DO NOT COPY
+        } else if (data == std::vector<uint8_t>{0x00, 0xF4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}) {  // DO NOT COPY
+            // CHECK_SELECT_P2_APDU w/ channel 1 // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x00, 0x90, 0x00};                                   // DO NOT COPY
+        } else if (data == std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01, 0xF4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}) {  // DO NOT COPY
+            // CHECK_SELECT_P2_APDU w/ channel 1 // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x00, 0x90, 0x00};             // DO NOT COPY
+        } else if (data.size() == 5 || data.size() == 8) {  // DO NOT COPY
+            // SEGMENTED_RESP_APDU - happens to use length 5 and 8 // DO NOT COPY
+            size_t size = (data[2] << 8 | data[3]) + 2;       // DO NOT COPY
+            _aidl_return->resize(size);                       // DO NOT COPY
+            (*_aidl_return)[size - 1] = 0x00;                 // DO NOT COPY
+            (*_aidl_return)[size - 2] = 0x90;                 // DO NOT COPY
+            if (size >= 3) (*_aidl_return)[size - 3] = 0xFF;  // DO NOT COPY
+        } else {                                              // DO NOT COPY
+            *_aidl_return = {0x90, 0x00, 0x00};               // DO NOT COPY
+        }                                                     // DO NOT COPY
+
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::shared_ptr<ISecureElementCallback> mCb;
+};
+
+int main() {
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
+
+    auto se = ndk::SharedRefBase::make<MySecureElement>();
+    const std::string name = std::string() + BnSecureElement::descriptor + "/eSE1";
+    binder_status_t status = AServiceManager_addService(se->asBinder().get(), name.c_str());
+    CHECK_EQ(status, STATUS_OK);
+
+    ABinderProcess_joinThreadPool();
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;  // should not reach
+}
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.rc b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d21666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+service vendor.secure_element /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.secure_element-service.example
+    class hal
+    user nobody
+    group nobody
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.xml b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96ab2e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/default/secure_element.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+<manifest version="1.0" type="device">
+    <hal format="aidl">
+        <name>android.hardware.secure_element</name>
+        <version>1</version>
+        <fqname>ISecureElement/eSE1</fqname>
+    </hal>
+</manifest>
diff --git a/secure_element/aidl/vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp b/secure_element/aidl/vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a85a8bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/secure_element/aidl/vts/VtsHalSecureElementTargetTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2022 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <aidl/Gtest.h>
+#include <aidl/Vintf.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/BnSecureElementCallback.h>
+#include <aidl/android/hardware/secure_element/ISecureElement.h>
+#include <android/binder_manager.h>
+#include <android/binder_process.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::BnSecureElementCallback;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::ISecureElement;
+using aidl::android::hardware::secure_element::LogicalChannelResponse;
+using ndk::ScopedAStatus;
+using ndk::SharedRefBase;
+using ndk::SpAIBinder;
+using testing::ElementsAre;
+using testing::ElementsAreArray;
+
+#define EXPECT_OK(status)                                                \
+    do {                                                                 \
+        auto status_impl = (status);                                     \
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status_impl.isOk()) << status_impl.getDescription(); \
+    } while (false)
+
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kDataApdu = {0x00, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kAndroidTestAid = {0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x76, 0x41,
+                                                     0x6E, 0x64, 0x72, 0x6F, 0x69, 0x64,
+                                                     0x43, 0x54, 0x53, 0x31};
+
+class MySecureElementCallback : public BnSecureElementCallback {
+  public:
+    ScopedAStatus onStateChange(bool state, const std::string& debugReason) override {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(m);
+            (void)debugReason;
+            history.push_back(state);
+        }
+        cv.notify_one();
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    };
+
+    void expectCallbackHistory(std::vector<bool>&& want) {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> l(m);
+        cv.wait_for(l, 2s, [&]() { return history.size() >= want.size(); });
+        EXPECT_THAT(history, ElementsAreArray(want));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::mutex m;  // guards history
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    std::vector<bool> history;
+};
+
+class SecureElementAidl : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
+  public:
+    virtual void SetUp() override {
+        SpAIBinder binder = SpAIBinder(AServiceManager_waitForService(GetParam().c_str()));
+        se = ISecureElement::fromBinder(binder);
+        ASSERT_NE(se, nullptr);
+
+        cb = SharedRefBase::make<MySecureElementCallback>();
+        EXPECT_OK(se->init(cb));
+
+        cb->expectCallbackHistory({true});
+    }
+
+    std::shared_ptr<ISecureElement> se;
+    std::shared_ptr<MySecureElementCallback> cb;
+};
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, isCardPresent) {
+    bool res = false;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->isCardPresent(&res));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(res);
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, transmit) {
+    LogicalChannelResponse response;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->openLogicalChannel(kAndroidTestAid, 0x00, &response));
+
+    EXPECT_GE(response.selectResponse.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_GE(response.channelNumber, 1);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> command = kDataApdu;
+    command[0] |= response.channelNumber;
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> transmitResponse;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->transmit(command, &transmitResponse));
+
+    EXPECT_LE(transmitResponse.size(), 3);
+    EXPECT_GE(transmitResponse.size(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transmitResponse[transmitResponse.size() - 1], 0x00);
+    EXPECT_EQ(transmitResponse[transmitResponse.size() - 2], 0x90);
+
+    EXPECT_OK(se->closeChannel(response.channelNumber));
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, openBasicChannel) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> response;
+    auto status = se->openBasicChannel(kAndroidTestAid, 0x00, &response);
+
+    if (!status.isOk()) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(), ISecureElement::CHANNEL_NOT_AVAILABLE)
+                << status.getDescription();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_GE(response.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_OK(se->closeChannel(0));
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, getAtr) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> atr;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->getAtr(&atr));
+    if (atr.size() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+    EXPECT_LE(atr.size(), 32u);
+    EXPECT_GE(atr.size(), 1u);
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, openCloseLogicalChannel) {
+    LogicalChannelResponse response;
+    EXPECT_OK(se->openLogicalChannel(kAndroidTestAid, 0x00, &response));
+    EXPECT_GE(response.selectResponse.size(), 2u);
+    EXPECT_GE(response.channelNumber, 1);
+    EXPECT_OK(se->closeChannel(response.channelNumber));
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, openInvalidAid) {
+    LogicalChannelResponse response;
+    auto status = se->openLogicalChannel({0x42}, 0x00, &response);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status.getServiceSpecificError(), ISecureElement::NO_SUCH_ELEMENT_ERROR)
+            << status.getDescription();
+}
+
+TEST_P(SecureElementAidl, Reset) {
+    cb->expectCallbackHistory({true});
+    EXPECT_OK(se->reset());
+    cb->expectCallbackHistory({true, false, true});
+}
+
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(SecureElementAidl);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        SecureElement, SecureElementAidl,
+        testing::ValuesIn(android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(ISecureElement::descriptor)),
+        android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    ABinderProcess_setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(1);
+    ABinderProcess_startThreadPool();
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}