diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp
index baaa55f..2a8e58f 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/Configuration.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatDescription;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioFormatType;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioGainConfig;
-using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioInputFlags;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioIoFlags;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioOutputFlags;
 using aidl::android::media::audio::common::AudioPort;
@@ -322,25 +321,20 @@
 //
 // Mix ports:
 //  * "r_submix output", maximum 10 opened streams, maximum 10 active streams
-//    - profile PCM 16-bit; STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 192000
+//    - profile PCM 16-bit; STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
 //  * "r_submix input", maximum 10 opened streams, maximum 10 active streams
-//    - profile PCM 16-bit; STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 192000
-//  * "r_submix output direct", DIRECT|IEC958_NONAUDIO, 1 max open, 1 max active
-//    - profile PCM 16-bit; STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 192000
-//  * "r_submix input direct", DIRECT, 1 max open, 1 max active
-//    - profile PCM 16-bit; STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 192000
-
+//    - profile PCM 16-bit; STEREO; 8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000
 //
 // Routes:
-//  "r_submix output", "r_submix output direct" -> "Remote Submix Out"
-//  "Remote Submix In" -> "r_submix input", "r_submix input direct"
+//  "r_submix output" -> "Remote Submix Out"
+//  "Remote Submix In" -> "r_submix input"
 //
 std::unique_ptr<Configuration> getRSubmixConfiguration() {
     static const Configuration configuration = []() {
         Configuration c;
         const std::vector<AudioProfile> remoteSubmixPcmAudioProfiles{
                 createProfile(PcmType::INT_16_BIT, {AudioChannelLayout::LAYOUT_STEREO},
-                              {8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 192000})};
+                              {8000, 11025, 16000, 32000, 44100, 48000})};
 
         // Device ports
 
@@ -365,41 +359,13 @@
         rsubmixOutMix.profiles = remoteSubmixPcmAudioProfiles;
         c.ports.push_back(rsubmixOutMix);
 
-        // Adding a DIRECT flag to rsubmixInMix breaks the mixer paths, so we need separate
-        // non direct and direct paths. It is added because for IEC61937 encapsulated over PCM, we
-        // need the DIRECT and IEC958_NONAUDIO flags as AudioFlinger adds them.
-        AudioPort rsubmixOutDirectMix =
-                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "r_submix output direct",
-                                makeBitPositionFlagMask({
-                                        AudioOutputFlags::DIRECT,
-                                        AudioOutputFlags::IEC958_NONAUDIO}),
-                                false /* isInput */,
-                                createPortMixExt(1 /* maxOpenStreamCount */,
-                                                 1 /* maxActiveStreamCount */));
-        rsubmixOutDirectMix.profiles = remoteSubmixPcmAudioProfiles;
-        c.ports.push_back(rsubmixOutDirectMix);
-
         AudioPort rsubmixInMix =
                 createPort(c.nextPortId++, "r_submix input", 0, true, createPortMixExt(10, 10));
         rsubmixInMix.profiles = remoteSubmixPcmAudioProfiles;
         c.ports.push_back(rsubmixInMix);
 
-        // Adding a DIRECT flag to rsubmixInMix breaks the capture paths, so we need separate
-        // non direct and direct paths. It is added because for IEC61937 encapsulated over PCM, we
-        // need the DIRECT flag for the capability so AudioFlinger can find a DIRECT input match.
-        AudioPort rsubmixInDirectMix =
-                createPort(c.nextPortId++, "r_submix input direct",
-                                makeBitPositionFlagMask({AudioInputFlags::DIRECT}),
-                                true /* isInput */,
-                                createPortMixExt(1 /* maxOpenStreamCount */,
-                                                 1 /* maxActiveStreamCount */));
-        rsubmixInDirectMix.profiles = remoteSubmixPcmAudioProfiles;
-        c.ports.push_back(rsubmixInDirectMix);
-
-        c.routes.push_back(createRoute(
-                {rsubmixOutMix, rsubmixOutDirectMix}, rsubmixOutDevice));
+        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({rsubmixOutMix}, rsubmixOutDevice));
         c.routes.push_back(createRoute({rsubmixInDevice}, rsubmixInMix));
-        c.routes.push_back(createRoute({rsubmixInDevice}, rsubmixInDirectMix));
 
         return c;
     }();
diff --git a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
index 47ade49..7bc783c 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
+++ b/audio/aidl/default/r_submix/ModuleRemoteSubmix.cpp
@@ -90,10 +90,6 @@
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleRemoteSubmix::createInputStream(
         StreamContext&& context, const SinkMetadata& sinkMetadata,
         const std::vector<MicrophoneInfo>& microphones, std::shared_ptr<StreamIn>* result) {
-    if (context.getFormat().type != AudioFormatType::PCM) {
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": not supported for format " << context.getFormat().toString();
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
     return createStreamInstance<StreamInRemoteSubmix>(result, std::move(context), sinkMetadata,
                                                       microphones);
 }
@@ -101,10 +97,6 @@
 ndk::ScopedAStatus ModuleRemoteSubmix::createOutputStream(
         StreamContext&& context, const SourceMetadata& sourceMetadata,
         const std::optional<AudioOffloadInfo>& offloadInfo, std::shared_ptr<StreamOut>* result) {
-    if (context.getFormat().type != AudioFormatType::PCM) {
-        LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": not supported for format " << context.getFormat().toString();
-        return ndk::ScopedAStatus::fromExceptionCode(EX_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT);
-    }
     return createStreamInstance<StreamOutRemoteSubmix>(result, std::move(context), sourceMetadata,
                                                        offloadInfo);
 }
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp b/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
index 9b0e233..85319ec 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/Android.bp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wthread-safety",
     ],
+    test_config_template: "VtsHalAudioTargetTestTemplate.xml",
     test_suites: [
         "general-tests",
         "vts",
@@ -71,7 +72,6 @@
         "VtsHalAudioCoreConfigTargetTest.cpp",
         "VtsHalAudioCoreModuleTargetTest.cpp",
     ],
-    test_config: "VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.xml",
 }
 
 cc_test {
diff --git a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.xml b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioTargetTestTemplate.xml
similarity index 86%
rename from audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.xml
rename to audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioTargetTestTemplate.xml
index 9d3adc1..c92e852 100644
--- a/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.xml
+++ b/audio/aidl/vts/VtsHalAudioTargetTestTemplate.xml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
      See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
      limitations under the License.
 -->
-<configuration description="Runs VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest.">
+<configuration description="Runs {MODULE}.">
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
     <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct-native" />
 
@@ -27,12 +27,12 @@
 
     <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
         <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
-        <option name="push" value="VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest->/data/local/tmp/VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest" />
+        <option name="push" value="{MODULE}->/data/local/tmp/{MODULE}" />
     </target_preparer>
 
     <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
         <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
-        <option name="module-name" value="VtsHalAudioCoreTargetTest" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="{MODULE}" />
         <option name="native-test-timeout" value="10m" />
     </test>
 </configuration>
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
index 8605628..c72ec69 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.cpp
@@ -293,8 +293,8 @@
 TestBufferLayer::TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
                                  TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, int64_t display, uint32_t width,
                                  uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format,
-                                 Composition composition)
-    : TestLayer{client, display}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
+                                 ComposerClientWriter& writer, Composition composition)
+    : TestLayer{client, display, writer}, mRenderEngine(renderEngine) {
     mComposition = composition;
     mWidth = width;
     mHeight = height;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
index ee20573..8ac0f4b 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/ReadbackVts.h
@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@
 
 class TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display)
+    TestLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display,
+              ComposerClientWriter& writer)
         : mDisplay(display) {
-        const auto& [status, layer] = client->createLayer(display, kBufferSlotCount);
+        const auto& [status, layer] = client->createLayer(display, kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         mLayer = layer;
     }
@@ -108,8 +109,9 @@
 
 class TestColorLayer : public TestLayer {
   public:
-    TestColorLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display)
-        : TestLayer{client, display} {}
+    TestColorLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client, int64_t display,
+                   ComposerClientWriter& writer)
+        : TestLayer{client, display, writer} {}
 
     void write(ComposerClientWriter& writer) override;
 
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@
   public:
     TestBufferLayer(const std::shared_ptr<VtsComposerClient>& client,
                     TestRenderEngine& renderEngine, int64_t display, uint32_t width,
-                    uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format,
+                    uint32_t height, common::PixelFormat format, ComposerClientWriter& writer,
                     Composition composition = Composition::DEVICE);
 
     void write(ComposerClientWriter& writer) override;
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
index ac08cd1..2c24bfb 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@
         mComposer = IComposer::fromBinder(binder);
         ALOGE_IF(mComposer == nullptr, "Failed to acquire the composer from the binder");
     }
+
+    const auto& [status, capabilities] = getCapabilities();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
+    if (std::any_of(capabilities.begin(), capabilities.end(), [&](const Capability& cap) {
+            return cap == Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND;
+        })) {
+        mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer = true;
+    }
 }
 
 ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::createClient() {
@@ -54,8 +62,8 @@
     return mComposerClient->registerCallback(mComposerCallback);
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::tearDown() {
-    return verifyComposerCallbackParams() && destroyAllLayers();
+bool VtsComposerClient::tearDown(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+    return verifyComposerCallbackParams() && destroyAllLayers(writer);
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getInterfaceVersion() const {
@@ -86,7 +94,16 @@
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> VtsComposerClient::createLayer(int64_t display,
-                                                                 int32_t bufferSlotCount) {
+                                                                 int32_t bufferSlotCount,
+                                                                 ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+    if (mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer) {
+        int64_t layer = mNextLayerHandle++;
+        writer->setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display, layer,
+                                                  LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+        writer->setNewBufferSlotCount(display, layer, bufferSlotCount);
+        return {addLayerToDisplayResources(display, layer), layer};
+    }
+
     int64_t outLayer;
     auto status = mComposerClient->createLayer(display, bufferSlotCount, &outLayer);
 
@@ -96,14 +113,20 @@
     return {addLayerToDisplayResources(display, outLayer), outLayer};
 }
 
-ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer) {
-    auto status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
-
-    if (!status.isOk()) {
-        return status;
+ScopedAStatus VtsComposerClient::destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer,
+                                              ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
+    if (mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer) {
+        writer->setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(display, layer,
+                                                  LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
+    } else {
+        auto status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display, layer);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            return status;
+        }
     }
+
     removeLayerFromDisplayResources(display, layer);
-    return status;
+    return ScopedAStatus::ok();
 }
 
 std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> VtsComposerClient::getActiveConfig(int64_t display) {
@@ -632,7 +655,7 @@
     return interfaceVersion >= 3;
 }
 
-bool VtsComposerClient::destroyAllLayers() {
+bool VtsComposerClient::destroyAllLayers(ComposerClientWriter* writer) {
     std::unordered_map<int64_t, DisplayResource> physicalDisplays;
     while (!mDisplayResources.empty()) {
         const auto& it = mDisplayResources.begin();
@@ -640,7 +663,7 @@
 
         while (!resource.layers.empty()) {
             auto layer = *resource.layers.begin();
-            const auto status = destroyLayer(display, layer);
+            const auto status = destroyLayer(display, layer, writer);
             if (!status.isOk()) {
                 ALOGE("Unable to destroy all the layers, failed at layer %" PRId64 " with error %s",
                       layer, status.getDescription().c_str());
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
index 292bc40..fabc82a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsComposerClient.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <android/binder_manager.h>
 #include <android/binder_process.h>
 #include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientReader.h>
+#include <android/hardware/graphics/composer3/ComposerClientWriter.h>
 #include <binder/ProcessState.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <ui/Fence.h>
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@
 
     ScopedAStatus createClient();
 
-    bool tearDown();
+    bool tearDown(ComposerClientWriter*);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getInterfaceVersion() const;
 
@@ -69,9 +70,10 @@
 
     ScopedAStatus destroyVirtualDisplay(int64_t display);
 
-    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> createLayer(int64_t display, int32_t bufferSlotCount);
+    std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int64_t> createLayer(int64_t display, int32_t bufferSlotCount,
+                                                  ComposerClientWriter*);
 
-    ScopedAStatus destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer);
+    ScopedAStatus destroyLayer(int64_t display, int64_t layer, ComposerClientWriter*);
 
     std::pair<ScopedAStatus, int32_t> getActiveConfig(int64_t display);
 
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@
 
     void removeLayerFromDisplayResources(int64_t display, int64_t layer);
 
-    bool destroyAllLayers();
+    bool destroyAllLayers(ComposerClientWriter*);
 
     bool verifyComposerCallbackParams();
 
@@ -229,6 +231,8 @@
     std::shared_ptr<IComposerClient> mComposerClient;
     std::shared_ptr<GraphicsComposerCallback> mComposerCallback;
     std::unordered_map<int64_t, DisplayResource> mDisplayResources;
+    bool mSupportsBatchedCreateLayer = false;
+    std::atomic<int64_t> mNextLayerHandle = 1;
 };
 
 class VtsDisplay {
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
index 2e3f4df..164e6d5 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_ReadbackTest.cpp
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
 
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), PowerMode::OFF).isOk());
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(mWriter.get()));
         mComposerClient.reset();
         const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -201,7 +201,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto layer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         common::Rect coloredSquare({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setColor(BLUE);
         layer->setDisplayFrame(coloredSquare);
@@ -270,7 +271,7 @@
 
         auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -315,7 +316,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto layer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         common::Rect coloredSquare({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setColor(BLUE);
         layer->setDisplayFrame(coloredSquare);
@@ -454,9 +456,9 @@
                 expectedColors, getDisplayWidth(),
                 {0, getDisplayHeight() / 2, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()}, BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -550,7 +552,7 @@
 
         auto deviceLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight() / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                getDisplayHeight() / 2, PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         std::vector<Color> deviceColors(deviceLayer->getWidth() * deviceLayer->getHeight());
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(deviceColors, static_cast<int32_t>(deviceLayer->getWidth()),
                                        {0, 0, static_cast<int32_t>(deviceLayer->getWidth()),
@@ -574,7 +576,7 @@
 
         auto clientLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), clientWidth,
-                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, Composition::DEVICE);
+                clientHeight, PixelFormat::RGBA_FP16, *mWriter, Composition::DEVICE);
         common::Rect clientFrame = {0, getDisplayHeight() / 2, getDisplayWidth(),
                                     getDisplayHeight()};
         clientLayer->setDisplayFrame(clientFrame);
@@ -643,9 +645,9 @@
                 static_cast<size_t>(getDisplayWidth() * getDisplayHeight()));
         ReadbackHelper::fillColorsArea(expectedColors, getDisplayWidth(), redRect, RED);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -714,7 +716,8 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto layer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         layer->setColor(RED);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
@@ -774,9 +777,9 @@
                 expectedColors, getDisplayWidth(),
                 {0, getDisplayHeight() / 2, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()}, BLUE);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(ReadbackHelper::getDataspaceForColorMode(mode));
@@ -828,11 +831,13 @@
 
         common::Rect redRect = {0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight() / 2};
         common::Rect blueRect = {0, getDisplayHeight() / 4, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()};
-        auto redLayer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto redLayer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         redLayer->setColor(RED);
         redLayer->setDisplayFrame(redRect);
 
-        auto blueLayer = std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+        auto blueLayer =
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         blueLayer->setColor(BLUE);
         blueLayer->setDisplayFrame(blueRect);
         blueLayer->setZOrder(5);
@@ -914,14 +919,14 @@
         static constexpr float kMaxBrightnessNits = 300.f;
 
         const auto redLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         redLayer->setColor(RED);
         redLayer->setDisplayFrame(redRect);
         redLayer->setWhitePointNits(kMaxBrightnessNits);
         redLayer->setBrightness(1.f);
 
         const auto dimmerRedLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         dimmerRedLayer->setColor(RED);
         dimmerRedLayer->setDisplayFrame(dimmerRedRect);
         // Intentionally use a small dimming ratio as some implementations may be more likely to
@@ -992,14 +997,14 @@
                                        mTopLayerColor);
 
         auto backgroundLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         backgroundLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
         backgroundLayer->setColor(mBackgroundColor);
 
-        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
-                                                       getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                                                       getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+        auto layer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
+                mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
+                getDisplayHeight(), PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         layer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         layer->setZOrder(10);
         layer->setDataspace(Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
@@ -1190,7 +1195,7 @@
         GraphicsCompositionTest::SetUp();
 
         auto backgroundLayer =
-                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId());
+                std::make_shared<TestColorLayer>(mComposerClient, getPrimaryDisplayId(), *mWriter);
         backgroundLayer->setColor({0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f});
         backgroundLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         backgroundLayer->setZOrder(0);
@@ -1202,7 +1207,7 @@
 
         mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine,
                                                    getPrimaryDisplayId(), mSideLength, mSideLength,
-                                                   PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                                                   PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, mSideLength, mSideLength});
         mLayer->setZOrder(10);
 
@@ -1388,7 +1393,7 @@
     void makeLayer() {
         mLayer = std::make_shared<TestBufferLayer>(
                 mComposerClient, *mTestRenderEngine, getPrimaryDisplayId(), getDisplayWidth(),
-                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888);
+                getDisplayHeight(), common::PixelFormat::RGBA_8888, *mWriter);
         mLayer->setDisplayFrame({0, 0, getDisplayWidth(), getDisplayHeight()});
         mLayer->setZOrder(10);
         mLayer->setAlpha(1.f);
diff --git a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
index 2b755c2..5ff420a 100644
--- a/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
+++ b/graphics/composer/aidl/vts/VtsHalGraphicsComposer3_TargetTest.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     }
 
     void TearDown() override {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown());
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(nullptr));
         mComposerClient.reset();
     }
 
@@ -832,36 +832,58 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, CreateLayer) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Create layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, CreateLayer_BadDisplay) {
-    const auto& [status, _] = mComposerClient->createLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Create layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const auto& [status, _] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, DestroyLayer_BadDisplay) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Destroy layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
     const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, nullptr);
     EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
 
-    const auto& destroyStatus = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer);
+    const auto& destroyStatus =
+            mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(destroyStatus.isOk());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
             assertServiceSpecificError(destroyStatus, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, nullptr).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, DestroyLayer_BadLayerError) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Destroy layer will be tested in GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest";
+        return;
+    }
+
     // We haven't created any layers yet, so any id should be invalid
-    const auto& status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*layer*/ 1);
+    const auto& status = mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), /*layer*/ 1, nullptr);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(status.isOk());
     EXPECT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertServiceSpecificError(status, IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER));
@@ -1171,6 +1193,12 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlTest, LayerLifecycleCapabilityNotSupportedOnOldVersions) {
+    if (hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        EXPECT_GE(getInterfaceVersion(), 3);
+    }
+}
+
 class GraphicsComposerAidlV2Test : public GraphicsComposerAidlTest {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
@@ -1376,6 +1404,7 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
         ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeChangedCompositionTypes(getPrimaryDisplayId()).empty());
 
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mComposerClient->tearDown(&getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId())));
         ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerAidlTest::TearDown());
     }
 
@@ -1463,10 +1492,10 @@
                                            RenderIntent::COLORIMETRIC)
                             .isOk());
 
-        const auto& [status, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         {
             const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
             ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
@@ -1506,7 +1535,7 @@
             execute();
         }
 
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
     }
 
     sp<::android::Fence> presentAndGetFence(
@@ -1541,15 +1570,16 @@
     }
 
     int64_t createOnScreenLayer(Composition composition = Composition::DEVICE) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
         const auto& [status, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
         Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
                           getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
         FRect cropRect{0, 0, (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
                        (float)getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayHeight()};
         configureLayer(getPrimaryDisplay(), layer, composition, displayFrame, cropRect);
-        auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+
         writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, common::Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
         return layer;
     }
@@ -1758,10 +1788,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerColorTransform) {
-    const auto& [status, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    const auto& [status, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(status.isOk());
     writer.setLayerColorTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, kIdentity.data());
     execute();
 
@@ -1900,7 +1930,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
         const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
         Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
@@ -1937,15 +1967,15 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerCursorPosition) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
 
     Rect displayFrame{0, 0, getPrimaryDisplay().getDisplayWidth(),
@@ -1981,19 +2011,19 @@
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     writer.setLayerBuffer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, handle, /*acquireFence*/ -1);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBufferMultipleTimes) {
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     // Setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active. Then, emulate the
     // Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots by setting all but the active buffer
@@ -2041,14 +2071,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSurfaceDamage) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
     Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerSurfaceDamage(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2063,14 +2093,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBlockingRegion) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
     Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerBlockingRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2085,11 +2115,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerBlendMode) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerBlendMode(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, BlendMode::NONE);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2104,11 +2134,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerColor) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerColor(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Color{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2119,11 +2149,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerCompositionType) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerCompositionType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Composition::CLIENT);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2142,8 +2172,9 @@
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, DisplayDecoration) {
     for (VtsDisplay& display : mDisplays) {
+        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
         const auto [layerStatus, layer] =
-                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(display.getDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
         const auto [error, support] =
@@ -2166,8 +2197,7 @@
         }
 
         configureLayer(display, layer, Composition::DISPLAY_DECORATION, display.getFrameRect(),
-                          display.getCrop());
-        auto& writer = getWriter(display.getDisplayId());
+                       display.getCrop());
         writer.setLayerBuffer(display.getDisplayId(), layer, /*slot*/ 0, decorBuffer->handle,
                               /*acquireFence*/ -1);
         writer.validateDisplay(display.getDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
@@ -2184,31 +2214,31 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerDataspace) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerDataspace(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Dataspace::UNKNOWN);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerDisplayFrame) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerDisplayFrame(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, Rect{0, 0, 1, 1});
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerPlaneAlpha) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerPlaneAlpha(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*alpha*/ 0.0f);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2228,31 +2258,31 @@
     const auto handle = buffer->handle;
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
 
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerSidebandStream(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, handle);
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerSourceCrop) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerSourceCrop(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, FRect{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f});
     execute();
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerTransform) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerTransform(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, static_cast<Transform>(0));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2291,14 +2321,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerVisibleRegion) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     Rect empty{0, 0, 0, 0};
     Rect unit{0, 0, 1, 1};
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerVisibleRegion(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, std::vector<Rect>(1, empty));
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2313,11 +2343,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerZOrder) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     writer.setLayerZOrder(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, /*z*/ 10);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2328,8 +2359,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, SetLayerPerFrameMetadata) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
 
     /**
@@ -2344,7 +2376,6 @@
      *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
      */
 
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     std::vector<PerFrameMetadata> aidlMetadata;
     aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_X, 0.680f});
     aidlMetadata.push_back({PerFrameMetadataKey::DISPLAY_RED_PRIMARY_Y, 0.320f});
@@ -2364,18 +2395,19 @@
     const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
     if (errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
         GTEST_SUCCEED() << "SetLayerPerFrameMetadata is not supported";
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
         return;
     }
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer).isOk());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, &writer).isOk());
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest, setLayerBrightness) {
-    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
-
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+
+    const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
+
     writer.setLayerBrightness(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 0.2f);
     execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
@@ -2604,12 +2636,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test, SetLayerBufferSlotsToClear) {
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     // Older HAL versions use a backwards compatible way of clearing buffer slots
     // HAL at version 1 or lower does not have LayerCommand::bufferSlotsToClear
     const auto& [layerStatus, layer] =
-            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount);
+            mComposerClient->createLayer(getPrimaryDisplayId(), kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
     EXPECT_TRUE(layerStatus.isOk());
-    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
 
     // setup 3 buffers in the buffer cache, with the last buffer being active
     // then emulate the Android platform code that clears all 3 buffer slots
@@ -2868,7 +2900,8 @@
 
         EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->setPowerMode(displayId, PowerMode::ON).isOk());
 
-        const auto& [status, layer] = mComposerClient->createLayer(displayId, kBufferSlotCount);
+        const auto& [status, layer] =
+                mComposerClient->createLayer(displayId, kBufferSlotCount, &writer);
         const auto buffer = allocate(::android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888);
         ASSERT_NE(nullptr, buffer);
         ASSERT_EQ(::android::OK, buffer->initCheck());
@@ -2918,7 +2951,8 @@
     }
 
     for (auto& [displayId, layer] : layers) {
-        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(displayId, layer).isOk());
+        auto& writer = getWriter(displayId);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(mComposerClient->destroyLayer(displayId, layer, &writer).isOk());
     }
 
     std::lock_guard guard{readersMutex};
@@ -2928,22 +2962,22 @@
     }
 }
 
-class GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest : public GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest {
+class GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test : public GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest {
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
-        GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest::SetUp();
+        GraphicsComposerAidlTest::SetUp();
         if (getInterfaceVersion() <= 2) {
             GTEST_SKIP() << "Device interface version is expected to be >= 3";
         }
     }
-    void TearDown() override {
-        const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
-        ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
-        ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(GraphicsComposerAidlTest::TearDown());
-    }
 };
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest, CreateBatchedCommand) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, CreateBatchedCommand) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     int64_t layer = 5;
     writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
@@ -2955,7 +2989,30 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 }
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest, DestroyBatchedCommand) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, CreateBatchedCommand_BadDisplay) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    int64_t layer = 5;
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+    writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
+    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+    execute();
+    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, DestroyBatchedCommand) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     int64_t layer = 5;
     writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
@@ -2973,10 +3030,42 @@
     writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
 
     execute();
+    const auto errors = mReader.takeErrors();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_DISPLAY);
+}
+
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, DestroyBatchedCommand_BadDisplay) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
+    int64_t layer = 5;
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+    writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
+    writer.validateDisplay(getPrimaryDisplayId(), ComposerClientWriter::kNoTimestamp,
+                           VtsComposerClient::kNoFrameIntervalNs);
+    execute();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::DESTROY);
+    layer++;
+    writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getInvalidDisplayId(), layer,
+                                             LayerLifecycleBatchCommandType::CREATE);
+    writer.setNewBufferSlotCount(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer, 1);
+
+    execute();
     ASSERT_TRUE(mReader.takeErrors().empty());
 }
 
-TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest, NoCreateDestroyBatchedCommandIncorrectLayer) {
+TEST_P(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test, NoCreateDestroyBatchedCommandIncorrectLayer) {
+    if (!hasCapability(Capability::LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND)) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "LAYER_LIFECYCLE_BATCH_COMMAND not supported by the implementation";
+        return;
+    }
+
     auto& writer = getWriter(getPrimaryDisplayId());
     int64_t layer = 5;
     writer.setLayerLifecycleBatchCommandType(getPrimaryDisplayId(), layer,
@@ -2986,11 +3075,6 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(errors.size() == 1 && errors[0].errorCode == IComposerClient::EX_BAD_LAYER);
 }
 
-GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest);
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
-        PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlBatchedCommandTest,
-        testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
-        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest);
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandTest,
@@ -3016,6 +3100,11 @@
         PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV2Test,
         testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
         ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
+GTEST_ALLOW_UNINSTANTIATED_PARAMETERIZED_TEST(GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test);
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(
+        PerInstance, GraphicsComposerAidlCommandV3Test,
+        testing::ValuesIn(::android::getAidlHalInstanceNames(IComposer::descriptor)),
+        ::android::PrintInstanceNameToString);
 }  // namespace aidl::android::hardware::graphics::composer3::vts
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
diff --git a/media/bufferpool/aidl/default/BufferPoolClient.cpp b/media/bufferpool/aidl/default/BufferPoolClient.cpp
index e9777d8..0e249d5 100644
--- a/media/bufferpool/aidl/default/BufferPoolClient.cpp
+++ b/media/bufferpool/aidl/default/BufferPoolClient.cpp
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
       mLastEvictCacheMs(::android::elapsedRealtime()) {
     IAccessor::ConnectionInfo conInfo;
     bool valid = false;
-    if(accessor->connect(observer, &conInfo).isOk()) {
+    if (accessor && accessor->connect(observer, &conInfo).isOk()) {
         auto channel = std::make_unique<BufferStatusChannel>(conInfo.toFmqDesc);
         auto observer = std::make_unique<BufferInvalidationListener>(conInfo.fromFmqDesc);
 
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp
index c2eaed1..96aaebc 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,10 @@
     return *mRadioResponse;
 }
 
+RadioIndication& CallbackManager::indication() const {
+    return *mRadioIndication;
+}
+
 void CallbackManager::setResponseFunctionsDelayed() {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mDelayedSetterGuard);
     mDelayedSetterDeadline = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + kDelayedSetterDelay;
diff --git a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h
index f1a7b49..34ab5d7 100644
--- a/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h
+++ b/radio/aidl/compat/libradiocompat/include/libradiocompat/CallbackManager.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     ~CallbackManager();
 
     RadioResponse& response() const;
+    RadioIndication& indication() const;
 
     template <typename ResponseType, typename IndicationType>
     void setResponseFunctions(const std::shared_ptr<ResponseType>& response,
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/Android.bp b/wifi/aidl/Android.bp
index 1a7c6d8..ac95f85 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -48,9 +48,6 @@
         cpp: {
             enabled: false,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            min_sdk_version: "34",
-        },
     },
     versions_with_info: [
         {
diff --git a/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp b/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp
index 2e3af19..31a3531 100644
--- a/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/aidl/default/Android.bp
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
     name: "android.hardware.wifi-service-lib",
     defaults: ["android.hardware.wifi-service-cppflags-defaults"],
     proprietary: true,
-    min_sdk_version: "34",
     compile_multilib: "first",
     cppflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/wifi/common/aidl/Android.bp b/wifi/common/aidl/Android.bp
index 6ee2f42..1913451 100644
--- a/wifi/common/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/wifi/common/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -43,8 +43,5 @@
         cpp: {
             enabled: false,
         },
-        ndk: {
-            min_sdk_version: "34",
-        },
     },
 }